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Bhattacharya M, Sharma AR, Sharma G, Patra BC, Nam JS, Chakraborty C, Lee SS. The crucial role and regulations of miRNAs in zebrafish development. PROTOPLASMA 2017; 254:17-31. [PMID: 26820151 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-015-0931-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
To comprehend the events during developmental biology, fundamental knowledge about the basic machinery of regulation is a prerequisite. MicroRNA (miRNAs) act as regulators in most of the biological processes and recently, it has been concluded that miRNAs can act as modulatory factors even during developmental process from lower to higher animal. Zebrafish, because of its favorable attributes like tiny size, transparent embryo, and rapid external embryonic development, has gained a preferable status among all other available experimental animal models. Currently, zebrafish is being utilized for experimental studies related to stem cells, regenerative molecular medicine as well drug discovery. Therefore, it is important to understand precisely about the various miRNAs that controls developmental biology of this vertebrate model. In here, we have discussed about the miRNA-controlled zebrafish developmental stages with a special emphasis on different miRNA families such as miR-430, miR-200, and miR-133. Moreover, we have also reviewed the role of various miRNAs during embryonic and vascular development stages of zebrafish. In addition, efforts have been made to summarize the involvement of miRNAs in the development of different body parts such as the brain, eye, heart, muscle, and fin, etc. In each section, we have tried to fulfill the gaps of zebrafish developmental biology with the help of available knowledge of miRNA research. We hope that precise knowledge about the miRNA-regulated developmental stages of zebrafish may further help the researchers to efficiently utilize this vertebrate model for experimental purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manojit Bhattacharya
- Aquaculture Research Unit, Department of Zoology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, 721102, West Bengal, India
- Institute for Skeletal Aging & Orthopedic Surgery, Hallym University-Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon, 200704, South Korea
| | - Ashish Ranjan Sharma
- Institute for Skeletal Aging & Orthopedic Surgery, Hallym University-Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon, 200704, South Korea
| | - Garima Sharma
- Institute for Skeletal Aging & Orthopedic Surgery, Hallym University-Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon, 200704, South Korea
- Amity Institute of Nanotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, 201313, India
| | - Bidhan Chandra Patra
- Aquaculture Research Unit, Department of Zoology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, 721102, West Bengal, India
| | - Ju-Suk Nam
- Institute for Skeletal Aging & Orthopedic Surgery, Hallym University-Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon, 200704, South Korea
| | - Chiranjib Chakraborty
- Institute for Skeletal Aging & Orthopedic Surgery, Hallym University-Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon, 200704, South Korea.
- Department of Bio-informatics, School of Computer and Information Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, 201306, India.
| | - Sang-Soo Lee
- Institute for Skeletal Aging & Orthopedic Surgery, Hallym University-Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon, 200704, South Korea.
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hallym University Hospital-College of Medicine, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, 200-704, Republic of Korea.
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Los polimorfismos de nucleótido único y los haplotipos de la región 3’UTR del gen GATA4 contribuyen al riesgo genético de cardiopatía congénita. Rev Esp Cardiol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.recesp.2015.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Sadiq S, Crowley TM, Charchar FJ, Sanigorski A, Lewandowski PA. MicroRNAs in a hypertrophic heart: from foetal life to adulthood. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2016; 92:1314-1331. [DOI: 10.1111/brv.12283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Revised: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shahzad Sadiq
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health; Deakin University; 75 Pigdons Road Waurn Ponds Victoria 3216 Australia
| | - Tamsyn M. Crowley
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health; Deakin University; 75 Pigdons Road Waurn Ponds Victoria 3216 Australia
| | - Fadi J. Charchar
- School of Health Sciences; Faculty of Science and Technology, Federation University; Ballarat Victoria 3353 Australia
| | - Andrew Sanigorski
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health; Deakin University; 75 Pigdons Road Waurn Ponds Victoria 3216 Australia
| | - Paul A. Lewandowski
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health; Deakin University; 75 Pigdons Road Waurn Ponds Victoria 3216 Australia
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CHEN YAO, CAO KE, WANG SHAOHUA, CHEN JIA, HE BIN, HE GU, CHEN YONG, PENG BIN, ZHOU JIANDA. MicroRNA-138 suppresses proliferation, invasion and glycolysis in malignant melanoma cells by targeting HIF-1α. Exp Ther Med 2016; 11:2513-2518. [PMID: 27284341 PMCID: PMC4887928 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRs) may induce mRNA degradation or inhibit protein translation by directly binding to the 3'-untranslational region of target mRNAs. It has been reported that miR-138 is downregulated in malignant melanoma (MM) cells. However, the role of miR-138 in MM cell proliferation, invasion and energy metabolism remains unknown. These were investigated using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to evaluate the expression of miR-138 and the mRNA expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), as HIF-1α serves a crucial role in glycolysis, which is important for tumor growth. In addition, western blot analysis was used to detected the protein expression of HIF-1α, while MTT and Transwell assays evaluated cell proliferation and invasion, respectively. Furthermore, glucose consumption and lactic acid production were assessed. These tests were conducted using the normal human melanocyte cell line HM and the MM cell line WM451, which was transfected variously with scramble miR mimics, miR-138 mimics, miR-138 inhibitor, non-specific small interfering (si)RNA, HIF-1α siRNA, or co-transfected with miR-138 mimics and pc-DNA3.1(+)-HIF-1α plasmid. The results showed that miR-138 was significantly downregulated in MM WM451 cells compared to a normal melanocyte cell line HM. Overexpression of miR-138 significantly inhibited the proliferation and invasion of WM451 cells. These effects were similar to those induced by the siRNA-mediated knockdown of HIF-1α, a direct target of miR-138. Further investigation found that miR-138 negatively regulated the protein expression of HIF-1α in WM451 cells. Moreover, upregulation of miR-138 notably inhibited the glycolysis level, as demonstrated by reduced glucose consumption and lactic acid production, which could be reversed by the overexpression of HIF-1α. In summary, the present study demonstrated that miR-138 is able to inhibit proliferation, invasion and glycolysis in MM cells, potentially by directly targeting HIF-1α.
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Affiliation(s)
- YAO CHEN
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Longgang Orthopedics Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518116, P.R. China
| | - KE CAO
- Department of Oncology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - SHAOHUA WANG
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - JIA CHEN
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - BIN HE
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - GU HE
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - YONG CHEN
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - BIN PENG
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - JIANDA ZHOU
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
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Pulignani S, Vecoli C, Sabina S, Foffa I, Ait-Ali L, Andreassi MG. 3'UTR SNPs and Haplotypes in the GATA4 Gene Contribute to the Genetic Risk of Congenital Heart Disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 69:760-5. [PMID: 27118528 DOI: 10.1016/j.rec.2016.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Single-nucleotide polymorphisms within a microRNA binding site can have different effects on gene expression, influencing the risk of disease. This study aimed to evaluate the association between single-nucleotide polymorphisms and haplotypes in the 3'UTR of the GATA4 gene and congenital heart disease risk. METHODS Bioinformatics algorithms were used to analyze single-nucleotide polymorphisms in putative microRNA-binding sites of GATA4 3'UTR and to calculate the difference in free energy of hybridization (ΔFE, kcal/mol) for each wild-type vs the variant allele. RESULTS The study population comprised 146 Caucasian patients (73 males; 6.68 ± 7.79 years) and a 265 healthy newborn participants (147 males). The sum of all |ΔFE| was considered to predict the biological importance of single-nucleotide polymorphisms binding more microRNAs. Next, the 4 polymorphisms (+1158C > T, +1256 A > T, +1355 G > A, +1521C > G) with the highest predicted |ΔFEtot| (9.91, 14.85, 11.03, 21.66kcal/mol, respectively) were genotyped in a case-control study (146 patients and 250 controls). Applying a correction for multiple testing only the +1158 T allele was found to be associated with a reduced risk showing significant difference between patients and controls. Haplotype analysis showed that the T-T-G-C haplotype (more uncommon in congenital heart diseases than in controls) was associated with a significantly decreased risk (P = .03), while the rare C-A-A-C haplotype, which was very uncommon in controls (0.3%) compared with the disease (2.4%), was associated with a 4-fold increased risk of disease (P = .04). CONCLUSIONS Common variants in 3'UTR of the GATA4 gene jointly interact, affecting the congenital heart disease susceptibility, probably by altering microRNA posttranscriptional regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Pulignani
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Institute of Clinical Physiology, Pisa, Italy
| | - Cecilia Vecoli
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Institute of Clinical Physiology, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Saverio Sabina
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Institute of Clinical Physiology, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ilenia Foffa
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Institute of Clinical Physiology, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lamia Ait-Ali
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Institute of Clinical Physiology, Pisa, Italy
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Seidl CI, Martinez-Sanchez A, Murphy CL. Derepression of MicroRNA-138 Contributes to Loss of the Human Articular Chondrocyte Phenotype. Arthritis Rheumatol 2016; 68:398-409. [PMID: 26359943 DOI: 10.1002/art.39428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the function of microRNA-138 (miR-138) in human articular chondrocytes (HACs). METHODS The expression of miR-138 in intact cartilage and cultured chondrocytes and the effects of miR-138 overexpression on chondrocyte marker genes were investigated. Targets of miR-138 relevant to chondrocytes were identified and verified by overexpression of synthetic miRNA mimics and inhibitors, luciferase assays, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and RNA immunoprecipitation of native argonaute 2, using quantitative polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, and luciferase assays. RESULTS Expression levels of miR-138 were maintained at relatively low levels in intact human cartilage but were greatly increased upon loss of the differentiated phenotype in culture, with a concomitant decrease in the major cartilage extracellular matrix component COL2A1. We showed that miR-138 is able to repress the expression of COL2A1 by directly targeting Sp-1 and hypoxia-inducible factor 2α (HIF-2α), 2 transcription factors that are essential for COL2A1 transcription. We further demonstrated a direct association of these targets with miR-138 in the RNA-induced silencing complex and confirmed binding of Sp-1 to the COL2A1 promoter region in HACs. CONCLUSION We propose that an evolutionary pressure helps to suppress expression levels of miR-138 in human cartilage, thus enabling expression of appropriate tissue-specific matrix genes. Inhibition of miR-138 may serve as a potential therapeutic strategy to maintain the chondrocyte phenotype or reduce the progression of dedifferentiation in cultured HACs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine I Seidl
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology and University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Tang XJ, Yang MH, Cao G, Lu JT, Luo J, Dai LJ, Huang KM, Zhang LI. Protective effect of microRNA-138 against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. Exp Ther Med 2016; 11:1045-1050. [PMID: 26998035 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRs) serve a regulatory function in oxidative radical-mediated inflammation and apoptosis during ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury. Lipocalin 2 (Lcn-2), a target protein of miR-138, is widely involved in the systemic response to IR injury. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between miR-138 and Lcn-2 in a rat model of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (CIR) injury and to verify the interaction between miR-138 and Lcn-2 in a PC12 cell model of hypoxia/reoxygenation injury. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis were used to detect the mRNA and protein expression levels of miR-138 and Lcn-2. Cell proliferation was determined by MTT assay. The results suggested that the expression of miR-138 was inversely correlated with the expression of Lcn-2 in the CIR rat model and the PC12 cells subjected to hypoxia and reoxygenation. The expression of Lcn-2 was inhibited by miR-138 mimics and enhanced by miR-138 inhibitors, thereby indicating that miR-138 functions as a negative regulator for Lcn-2 expression. This study provides an experimental basis for the further study of miR-138-based therapy for CIR injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Jun Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Ming-Huan Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Gang Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Jun-Ti Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Jie Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Long-Jun Dai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China; Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L8, Canada
| | - Kuan-Ming Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - L I Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
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Baghy K, Tátrai P, Regős E, Kovalszky I. Proteoglycans in liver cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:379-393. [PMID: 26755884 PMCID: PMC4698501 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i1.379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteoglycans are a group of molecules that contain at least one glycosaminoglycan chain, such as a heparan, dermatan, chondroitin, or keratan sulfate, covalently attached to the protein core. These molecules are categorized based on their structure, localization, and function, and can be found in the extracellular matrix, on the cell surface, and in the cytoplasm. Cell-surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans, such as syndecans, are the primary type present in healthy liver tissue. However, deterioration of the liver results in overproduction of other proteoglycan types. The purpose of this article is to provide a current summary of the most relevant data implicating proteoglycans in the development and progression of human and experimental liver cancer. A review of our work and other studies in the literature indicate that deterioration of liver function is accompanied by an increase in the amount of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans. The alteration of proteoglycan composition interferes with the physiologic function of the liver on several levels. This article details and discusses the roles of syndecan-1, glypicans, agrin, perlecan, collagen XVIII/endostatin, endocan, serglycin, decorin, biglycan, asporin, fibromodulin, lumican, and versican in liver function. Specifically, glypicans, agrin, and versican play significant roles in the development of liver cancer. Conversely, the presence of decorin could potentially provide protective effects.
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Katz MG, Fargnoli AS, Kendle AP, Hajjar RJ, Bridges CR. The role of microRNAs in cardiac development and regenerative capacity. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2015; 310:H528-41. [PMID: 26702142 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00181.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian heart has long been considered to be a postmitotic organ. It was thought that, in the postnatal period, the heart underwent a transition from hyperplasic growth (more cells) to hypertrophic growth (larger cells) due to the conversion of cardiomyocytes from a proliferative state to one of terminal differentiation. This hypothesis was gradually disproven, as data were published showing that the myocardium is a more dynamic tissue in which cardiomyocyte karyokinesis and cytokinesis produce new cells, leading to the hyperplasic regeneration of some of the muscle mass lost in various pathological processes. microRNAs have been shown to be critical regulators of cardiomyocyte differentiation and proliferation and may offer the novel opportunity of regenerative hyperplasic therapy. Here we summarize the relevant processes and recent progress regarding the functions of specific microRNAs in cardiac development and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Katz
- Sanger Heart & Vascular Institute, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, North Carolina; and Cardiovascular Research Center, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Anthony S Fargnoli
- Sanger Heart & Vascular Institute, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, North Carolina; and
| | - Andrew P Kendle
- Sanger Heart & Vascular Institute, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, North Carolina; and
| | - Roger J Hajjar
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Charles R Bridges
- Sanger Heart & Vascular Institute, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, North Carolina; and
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Li J, Yue Y, Zhao Q. Retinoic Acid Signaling Is Essential for Valvulogenesis by Affecting Endocardial Cushions Formation in Zebrafish Embryos. Zebrafish 2015; 13:9-18. [PMID: 26671342 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2015.1117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA) plays important roles in many stages of heart morphogenesis. Zebrafish embryos treated with exogenous RA display defective atrio-ventricular canal (AVC) specification. However, whether endogenous RA signaling takes part in cardiac valve formation remains unknown. Herein, we investigated the role of RA signaling in cardiac valve development by knocking down aldh1a2, the gene encoding an enzyme that is mainly responsible for RA synthesis during early development, in zebrafish embryos. The results showed that partially knocking down aldh1a2 caused defective formation of primitive cardiac valve leaflets at 108 hpf (hour post-fertilization). Inhibiting endogenous RA signaling by 4-diethylaminobenzal-dehyde revealed that 16-26 hpf was a key time window when RA signaling affects the valvulogenesis. The aldh1a2 morphants had defective formation of endocardial cushion (EC) at 76 hpf though they had almost normal hemodynamics and cardiac chamber specification at early development. Examining the expression patterns of AVC marker genes including bmp4, bmp2b, nppa, notch1b, and has2, we found the morphants displayed abnormal development of endocardial AVC but almost normal development of myocardial AVC at 50 hpf. Being consistent with the reduced expression of notch1b in endocardial AVC, the VE-cadherin gene cdh5, the downstream gene of Notch signaling, was ectopically expressed in AVC of aldh1a2 morphants at 50 hpf, and overexpression of cdh5 greatly affected the formation of EC in the embryos at 76 hpf. Taken together, our results suggest that RA signaling plays essential roles in zebrafish cardiac valvulogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junbo Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University , Nanjing, China
| | - Yunyun Yue
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University , Nanjing, China
| | - Qingshun Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University , Nanjing, China
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Rustagi Y, Jaiswal HK, Rawal K, Kundu GC, Rani V. Comparative Characterization of Cardiac Development Specific microRNAs: Fetal Regulators for Future. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139359. [PMID: 26465880 PMCID: PMC4605649 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, conserved RNAs known to regulate several biological processes by influencing gene expression in eukaryotes. The implication of miRNAs as another player of regulatory layers during heart development and diseases has recently been explored. However, there is no study which elucidates the profiling of miRNAs during development of heart till date. Very limited miRNAs have been reported to date in cardiac context. In addition, integration of large scale experimental data with computational and comparative approaches remains an unsolved challenge.The present study was designed to identify the microRNAs implicated in heart development using next generation sequencing, bioinformatics and experimental approaches. We sequenced six small RNA libraries prepared from different developmental stages of the heart using chicken as a model system to produce millions of short sequence reads. We detected 353 known and 703 novel miRNAs involved in heart development. Out of total 1056 microRNAs identified, 32.7% of total dataset of known microRNAs displayed differential expression whereas seven well studied microRNAs namely let-7, miR-140, miR-181, miR-30, miR-205, miR-103 and miR-22 were found to be conserved throughout the heart development. The 3'UTR sequences of genes were screened from Gallus gallus genome for potential microRNA targets. The target mRNAs were appeared to be enriched with genes related to cell cycle, apoptosis, signaling pathways, extracellular remodeling, metabolism, chromatin remodeling and transcriptional regulators. Our study presents the first comprehensive overview of microRNA profiling during heart development and prediction of possible cardiac specific targets and has a big potential in future to develop microRNA based therapeutics against cardiac pathologies where fetal gene re-expression is witnessed in adult heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashika Rustagi
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, A–10, Sector–62, Noida, 201307, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Hitesh K. Jaiswal
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, A–10, Sector–62, Noida, 201307, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kamal Rawal
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, A–10, Sector–62, Noida, 201307, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Gopal C. Kundu
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Angiogenesis and Nanomedicine Research, National Centre for Cell Science (NCCS), Pune 411007, India
| | - Vibha Rani
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, A–10, Sector–62, Noida, 201307, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Giacca M, Zacchigna S. Harnessing the microRNA pathway for cardiac regeneration. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2015; 89:68-74. [PMID: 26431632 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Mounting evidence over the last few years has indicated that the rate of cardiomyocyte proliferation, and thus the extent of cardiac renewal, is under the control of the microRNA network. Several microRNAs (e.g. miR-1) regulate expansion of the cardiomyocyte pool and its terminal differentiation during the embryonic life; some not only promote cardiomyocyte proliferation but also their de-differentiation towards an embryonic cell phenotype (e.g. the miR-302/367 cluster); a few others are involved in the repression of cardiomyocyte proliferation occurring suddenly after birth (e.g. the miR-15 family); others again are not physiologically involved in the regulation of cardiomyocyte turnover, but nevertheless are able to promote cardiomyocyte proliferation and cardiac regeneration when delivered exogenously (e.g. miR-199a-3p). With a few exceptions, the molecular mechanisms underlying the pro-proliferative effect of these microRNAs, most of which appear to act at the level of already differentiated cardiomyocytes, remain to be thoroughly elucidated. The possibility of harnessing the miRNA network to achieve cardiac regeneration paves the way to exciting therapeutic applications. This could be achieved by either administering miRNA mimics or inhibitors, or transducing the heart with viral vectors expressing miRNA-encoding genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Giacca
- Molecular Medicine, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), AREA Science Park, Padriciano 99, 34149 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Serena Zacchigna
- Cardiovascular Biology Laboratories, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), AREA Science Park, Padriciano 99, 34149 Trieste, Italy.
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Xu LL, Lu YT, Zhang J, Wu L, Merrilees MJ, Qu JM. Knockdown of versican 1 blocks cigarette-induced loss of insoluble elastin in human lung fibroblasts. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2015; 215:58-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2015.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Revised: 04/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Abstract
The human heart has a limited capacity to regenerate lost or damaged cardiomyocytes after cardiac insult. Instead, myocardial injury is characterized by extensive cardiac remodeling by fibroblasts, resulting in the eventual deterioration of cardiac structure and function. Cardiac function would be improved if these fibroblasts could be converted into cardiomyocytes. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), small noncoding RNAs that promote mRNA degradation and inhibit mRNA translation, have been shown to be important in cardiac development. Using this information, various researchers have used miRNAs to promote the formation of cardiomyocytes through several approaches. Several miRNAs acting in combination promote the direct conversion of cardiac fibroblasts into cardiomyocytes. Moreover, several miRNAs have been identified that aid the formation of inducible pluripotent stem cells and miRNAs also induce these cells to adopt a cardiac fate. MiRNAs have also been implicated in resident cardiac progenitor cell differentiation. In this review, we discuss the current literature as it pertains to these processes, as well as discussing the therapeutic implications of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conrad P Hodgkinson
- From the Mandel Center for Hypertension Research and Duke Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Martin H Kang
- From the Mandel Center for Hypertension Research and Duke Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Sophie Dal-Pra
- From the Mandel Center for Hypertension Research and Duke Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Maria Mirotsou
- From the Mandel Center for Hypertension Research and Duke Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Victor J Dzau
- From the Mandel Center for Hypertension Research and Duke Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC.
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The mesmiRizing complexity of microRNAs for striated muscle tissue engineering. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2015; 88:37-52. [PMID: 25912658 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Revised: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
microRNAs (miRs) are small non-protein-coding RNAs, able to post-transcriptionally regulate many genes and exert pleiotropic effects. Alteration of miR levels in tissues and in the circulation has been associated with various pathological and regenerative conditions. In this regard, tissue engineering of cardiac and skeletal muscles is a fascinating context for harnessing the complexity of miR-based circuitries and signals. In this review, we will focus on miR-driven regulation of cardiac and skeletal myogenic routes in homeostatic and challenging states. Furthermore, we will survey the intriguing perspective of exosomal and circulating miRs as novel paracrine players, potentially useful for current and future approaches of regenerative medicine for the striated muscles.
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Xiong H, Luo T, He W, Xi D, Lu H, Li M, Liu J, Guo Z. Up-regulation of miR-138 inhibits hypoxia-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis via down-regulating lipocalin-2 expression. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2015; 241:25-30. [PMID: 26129883 DOI: 10.1177/1535370215591831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis contributes significantly to the development of numerous cardiac diseases, such as ischemic heart disease, heart failure, etc. Promoting cell survival by inhibiting apoptosis is one of the available strategies to attenuate cardiac dysfunction caused by cardiomyocyte loss. Previous studies have been demonstrated that miR-138 and lipocalin-2 (Lcn2) play important roles in cardiomyocyte apoptosis and survival. We presently determined whether Lcn2 is a target gene of miR-138 involved in hypoxia-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Firstly, mimics of miR-138 were transfected into HL-1 cells to investigate its effect on cell apoptosis. Using 3-(4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-y1) 2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and Annexin V-FITC/PI flow cytometer assays, over-expression of miR-138 significantly enhanced the cell growth and significantly attenuated the cell apoptosis in hypoxic conditions. Dual-luciferase reporter gene and western blot results confirmed Lcn2 was a direct target of miR-138. Then, the recombinant plasmid, pcDNA3.1/Lcn2 was transfected into the HL-1 cells that over-expressed miR-138. We further observed that the over-expression of Lcn2 diminished the protection of miR-138 over-expression from hypoxia-induced cell survival and apoptosis. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that up-regulation of miR-138 inhibits the hypoxia-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis via down-regulating the pro-apoptotic gene expression of Lcn2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haowei Xiong
- Division of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Tiantian Luo
- Division of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Wenshuai He
- Division of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Dan Xi
- Division of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Hao Lu
- Division of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Menghao Li
- Division of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Jichen Liu
- Division of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Zhigang Guo
- Division of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
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Update on the Pathogenic Implications and Clinical Potential of microRNAs in Cardiac Disease. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015. [PMID: 26221581 PMCID: PMC4499420 DOI: 10.1155/2015/105620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
miRNAs, a unique class of endogenous noncoding RNAs, are highly conserved across species, repress gene translation upon binding to mRNA, and thereby influence many biological processes. As such, they have been recently recognized as regulators of virtually all aspects of cardiac biology, from the development and cell lineage specification of different cell populations within the heart to the survival of cardiomyocytes under stress conditions. Various miRNAs have been recently established as powerful mediators of distinctive aspects in many cardiac disorders. For instance, acute myocardial infarction induces cardiac tissue necrosis and apoptosis but also initiates a pathological remodelling response of the left ventricle that includes hypertrophic growth of cardiomyocytes and fibrotic deposition of extracellular matrix components. In this regard, recent findings place various miRNAs as unquestionable contributing factors in the pathogenesis of cardiac disorders, thus begging the question of whether miRNA modulation could become a novel strategy for clinical intervention. In the present review, we aim to expose the latest mechanistic concepts regarding miRNA function within the context of CVD and analyse the reported roles of specific miRNAs in the different stages of left ventricular remodelling as well as their potential use as a new class of disease-modifying clinical options.
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Urbanek MO, Nawrocka AU, Krzyzosiak WJ. Small RNA Detection by in Situ Hybridization Methods. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:13259-86. [PMID: 26068454 PMCID: PMC4490494 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160613259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Small noncoding RNAs perform multiple regulatory functions in cells, and their exogenous mimics are widely used in research and experimental therapies to interfere with target gene expression. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are the most thoroughly investigated representatives of the small RNA family, which includes short interfering RNAs (siRNAs), PIWI-associated RNA (piRNAs), and others. Numerous methods have been adopted for the detection and characterization of small RNAs, which is challenging due to their short length and low level of expression. These include molecular biology methods such as real-time RT-PCR, northern blotting, hybridization to microarrays, cloning and sequencing, as well as single cell miRNA detection by microscopy with in situ hybridization (ISH). In this review, we focus on the ISH method, including its fluorescent version (FISH), and we present recent methodological advances that facilitated its successful adaptation for small RNA detection. We discuss relevant technical aspects as well as the advantages and limitations of ISH. We also refer to numerous applications of small RNA ISH in basic research and molecular diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martyna O Urbanek
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14 Str., 61-704 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Anna U Nawrocka
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14 Str., 61-704 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Wlodzimierz J Krzyzosiak
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14 Str., 61-704 Poznan, Poland.
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Ding J, Chen J, Wang Y, Kataoka M, Ma L, Zhou P, Hu X, Lin Z, Nie M, Deng ZL, Pu WT, Wang DZ. Trbp regulates heart function through microRNA-mediated Sox6 repression. Nat Genet 2015; 47:776-83. [PMID: 26029872 PMCID: PMC4485565 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cardiomyopathy is associated with altered expression of genes encoding contractile proteins. Here we show that Trbp (Tarbp2), an RNA binding protein, is required for normal heart function. Cardiac-specific inactivation of Trbp (TrbpcKO) caused progressive cardiomyopathy and lethal heart failure. Trbp loss of function resulted in upregulation of Sox6, repression of genes encoding normal cardiac slow-twitch myofiber proteins, and pathologically increased expression of skeletal fast-twitch myofiber genes. Remarkably, knockdown of Sox6 fully rescued the Trbp mutant phenotype, whereas Sox6 overexpression phenocopied the TrbpcKO phenotype. Trbp inactivation was mechanistically linked to Sox6 upregulation through altered processing of miR-208a, which is a direct inhibitor of Sox6. Transgenic overexpression of miR-208a sufficiently repressed Sox6, restored the balance of fast- and slow- twitch myofiber gene expression, and rescued cardiac function in TrbpcKO mice. Together, our studies reveal a novel Trbp-mediated microRNA processing mechanism in regulating a linear genetic cascade essential for normal heart function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Ding
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jinghai Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yanqun Wang
- Departmant of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Masaharu Kataoka
- 1] Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Lixin Ma
- 1] Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [2] College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Pingzhu Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Xiaoyun Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zhiqiang Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mao Nie
- 1] Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhong-Liang Deng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - William T Pu
- 1] Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Da-Zhi Wang
- 1] Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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Zhu S, Hu X, Yu Z, Peng Y, Zhu J, Liu X, Li M, Han S, Zhu C. Effect of miR-20b on Apoptosis, Differentiation, the BMP Signaling Pathway and Mitochondrial Function in the P19 Cell Model of Cardiac Differentiation In Vitro. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123519. [PMID: 25898012 PMCID: PMC4405592 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To explore the effect of miR-20b on apoptosis, differentiation, the BMP signaling pathway and mitochondrial function in the P19 cell model of cardiac differentiation in vitro. Methods A miR-20b over-expression vector, a miR-20b silencing vector and their corresponding empty vectors were constructed and transfected into P19 cells, separately. Stably miR-20b overexpressing and silenced P19 cell lines were successfully selected by blasticidin and puromycin, separately. The cells were induced to undergo apoptosis in FBS-free-α-MEM. The induced cells were examined by flow cytometry and measurement of their caspase-3 activities. Quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to evaluate the relative expression of marker genes of cardiomyocytes during differentiation, such as cTnT, GATA4 and ANP. QRT-PCR was also used to detect the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number. We investigated the cellular ATP production using a luciferase-based luminescence assay. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) was determined by DCFDA (2’, 7’-Dichlorofluorescein diacetate) and the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was elucidated by a JC-1 fluorescent probe, both using fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometer. The expression of BMP signaling pathway-related proteins were analyzed by Western blotting. Results Stably miR-20b overexpressing and silenced P19 cell lines were successfully obtained. MiR-20b overexpression increased apoptosis and promoted differentiation in P19 cells by promoting the activation of the BMP signaling pathway. In addition, miR-20b overexpression induced mitochondrial impairment in P19 cells during differentiation, which was characterized by lower MMP, raised ATP synthesis and increased ROS levels. The effects of miR-20b silencing were the exact opposite to those of overexpression. Conclusion Collectively, these results suggested that miR-20b was very important in apoptosis, differentiation and mitochondrial function of P19 cells. MiR-20b may represent a new therapeutic target for congenital heart diseases and provide new insights into the mechanisms of cardiac diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Xiaoshan Hu
- State key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210004, China
| | - Zhangbin Yu
- State key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210004, China
| | - Yuzhu Peng
- State key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210004, China
| | - Jingai Zhu
- State key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210004, China
| | - Xuehua Liu
- State key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210004, China
| | - Mengmeng Li
- State key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210004, China
| | - Shuping Han
- State key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210004, China
- * E-mail: (SPH); (CZ)
| | - Chun Zhu
- State key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210004, China
- * E-mail: (SPH); (CZ)
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Ghanbari M, Franco OH, de Looper HWJ, Hofman A, Erkeland SJ, Dehghan A. Genetic Variations in MicroRNA-Binding Sites Affect MicroRNA-Mediated Regulation of Several Genes Associated With Cardio-metabolic Phenotypes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 8:473-86. [PMID: 25814643 DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.114.000968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genome-wide association studies enabled us to discover a large number of variants and genomic loci contributing to cardiovascular and metabolic disorders. However, because the vast majority of the identified variants are thought to merely be proxies for other functional variants, the causal mechanisms remain to be elucidated. We hypothesized that the part of the functional variants involved in deregulating cardiometabolic genes is located in microRNA (miRNA)-binding sites. METHODS AND RESULTS Using the largest genome-wide association studies available on glycemic indices, lipid traits, anthropometric measures, blood pressure, coronary artery diseases, and type 2 diabetes mellitus, we identified 11,067 variants that are associated with cardiometabolic phenotypes. Of these, 230 variants are located within miRNA-binding sites in the 3'-untranslated region of 155 cardiometabolic genes. Thirty-seven of 230 variants were found to fulfill our predefined criteria for being functional in their genomic loci. Ten variants were subsequently selected for experimental validation based on genome-wide association studies results, expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) analyses, and coexpression of their host genes and regulatory miRNAs in relevant tissues. Luciferase reporter assays revealed an allele-specific regulation of genes hosting the variants by miRNAs. These cotransfection experiments showed that rs174545 (FADS1:miR-181a-2), rs1059611 (LPL:miR-136), rs13702 (LPL:miR-410), rs1046875 (FN3KRP:miR-34a), rs7956 (MKRN2:miR-154), rs3217992 (CDKN2B:miR-138-2-3p), and rs11735092 (HSD17B13:miR-375) decrease or abrogate miRNA-dependent regulation of the genes. Conversely, 2 variants, rs6857 (PVRL2:miR-320e) and rs907091 (IKZF3:miR-326), were shown to enhance the activity of miRNAs on their host genes. CONCLUSIONS We provide evidence for a model in which polymorphisms in miRNA-binding sites can both positively and negatively affect miRNA-mediated regulation of cardiometabolic genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Ghanbari
- From the Department of Epidemiology (M.G., O.H.F., A.H., A.D.) and Department of Hematology, Cancer Institute (H.d.L., S.E.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; and Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran (M.G.)
| | - Oscar H Franco
- From the Department of Epidemiology (M.G., O.H.F., A.H., A.D.) and Department of Hematology, Cancer Institute (H.d.L., S.E.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; and Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran (M.G.)
| | - Hans W J de Looper
- From the Department of Epidemiology (M.G., O.H.F., A.H., A.D.) and Department of Hematology, Cancer Institute (H.d.L., S.E.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; and Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran (M.G.)
| | - Albert Hofman
- From the Department of Epidemiology (M.G., O.H.F., A.H., A.D.) and Department of Hematology, Cancer Institute (H.d.L., S.E.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; and Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran (M.G.)
| | - Stefan J Erkeland
- From the Department of Epidemiology (M.G., O.H.F., A.H., A.D.) and Department of Hematology, Cancer Institute (H.d.L., S.E.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; and Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran (M.G.)
| | - Abbas Dehghan
- From the Department of Epidemiology (M.G., O.H.F., A.H., A.D.) and Department of Hematology, Cancer Institute (H.d.L., S.E.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; and Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran (M.G.).
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Jing L, Jin C, Lu Y, Huo P, Zhou L, Wang Y, Tian Y. Investigation of microRNA expression profiles associated with human alcoholic cardiomyopathy. Cardiology 2015; 130:223-33. [PMID: 25791397 DOI: 10.1159/000370028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to investigate the differentially expressed microRNAs (miRNAs) and their target genes in human alcoholic cardiomyopathy (ACM). METHODS The expression levels of plasma miRNAs of 78 male ACM patients and 78 healthy men were detected by using the 6th-generation miRCURY™ LNA array (v.16.0). The prediction analysis for microarrays (PAM) method was used to identify the differentially expressed miRNAs. Target genes of the identified differentially expressed miRNAs were predicted using TargetScan 5.2 and Miranda. Gene ontology (GO) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) were used to perform functional annotation and pathway enrichment analysis of target genes respectively, followed by real-time RT-PCR analysis to validate the expression changes of miRNAs. RESULTS Twenty-one differentially expressed miRNAs were identified. Nine differentially expressed miRNAs (hsa-miR-506, hsa-miR-1285, hsa-miR-512-3P, hsa-miR-138, hsa-miR-485-5P, hsa-miR-4262, hsa-miR-548c-3P, has-miR-548a-5P and kshv-miR-K12-1), involved in multiple functions and pathways, were selected for real-time RT-PCR confirmation. Moreover, two significantly important subpathways (neurotrophin signaling pathway and inositol phosphate metabolism) were predicted. CONCLUSION The screened differentially expressed miRNAs may be involved in the development of ACM. Specific miRNAs, such as miR-138, may be considered as a new target for the early diagnosis and treatment of human ACM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Jing
- Department of Cardiology, First Clinical College of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China
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Takawale A, Sakamuri SS, Kassiri Z. Extracellular Matrix Communication and Turnover in Cardiac Physiology and Pathology. Compr Physiol 2015; 5:687-719. [DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c140045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Wang X, Tan L, Lu Y, Peng J, Zhu Y, Zhang Y, Sun Z. MicroRNA-138 promotes tau phosphorylation by targeting retinoic acid receptor alpha. FEBS Lett 2015; 589:726-9. [PMID: 25680531 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Revised: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative dementia characterized by Aβ deposition and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) composed of hyperphosphorylated tau. Emerging evidence shows that microRNAs (miRNAs) contribute to the pathogenesis of AD. Herein, we investigated the role of miR-138, a brain enriched miRNA, which is increased in AD patients. We found that miR-138 is increased in AD models, including N2a/APP and HEK293/tau cell lines. Overexpression of miR-138 activates glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β), and increases tau phosphorylation in HEK293/tau cells. Furthermore, we confirm that retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARA) is a direct target of miR-138, and supplement of RARA substantially suppresses GSK-3β activity, and reduces tau phosphorylation induced by miR-138. In conclusion, our data suggest that miR-138 promotes tau phosphorylation by targeting the RARA/GSK-3β pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Lu Tan
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnosis of Hubei Province, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430014, China
| | - Yanjun Lu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jing Peng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yaowu Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yadong Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnosis of Hubei Province, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430014, China.
| | - Ziyong Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
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Meganathan K, Sotiriadou I, Natarajan K, Hescheler J, Sachinidis A. Signaling molecules, transcription growth factors and other regulators revealed from in-vivo and in-vitro models for the regulation of cardiac development. Int J Cardiol 2015; 183:117-28. [PMID: 25662074 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.01.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Several in-vivo heart developmental models have been applied to decipher the cardiac developmental patterning encompassing early, dorsal, cardiac and visceral mesoderm as well as various transcription factors such as Gata, Hand, Tin, Dpp, Pnr. The expression of cardiac specific transcription factors, such as Gata4, Tbx5, Tbx20, Tbx2, Tbx3, Mef2c, Hey1 and Hand1 are of fundamental significance for the in-vivo cardiac development. Not only the transcription factors, but also the signaling molecules involved in cardiac development were conserved among various species. Enrichment of the bone morphogenic proteins (BMPs) in the anterior lateral plate mesoderm is essential for the initiation of myocardial differentiation and the cardiac developmental process. Moreover, the expression of a number of cardiac transcription factors and structural genes initiate cardiac differentiation in the medial mesoderm. Other signaling molecules such as TGF-beta, IGF-1/2 and the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) play a significant role in cardiac repair/regeneration, ventricular heart development and specification of early cardiac mesoderm, respectively. The role of the Wnt signaling in cardiac development is still controversial discussed, as in-vitro results differ dramatically in relation to the animal models. Embryonic stem cells (ESC) were utilized as an important in-vitro model for the elucidation of the cardiac developmental processes since they can be easily manipulated by numerous signaling molecules, growth factors, small molecules and genetic manipulation. Finally, in the present review the dynamic role of the long noncoding RNA and miRNAs in the regulation of cardiac development are summarized and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kesavan Meganathan
- Center of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Neurophysiology and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Isaia Sotiriadou
- Center of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Neurophysiology and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Karthick Natarajan
- Center of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Neurophysiology and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Jürgen Hescheler
- Center of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Neurophysiology and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Agapios Sachinidis
- Center of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Neurophysiology and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Germany.
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Gnecchi M, Pisano F, Bariani R. microRNA and Cardiac Regeneration. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2015; 887:119-41. [PMID: 26662989 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-22380-3_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Heart diseases are a very common health problem in developed as well as developing countries. In particular, ischemic heart disease and heart failure represent a plague for the patients and for the society. Loss of cardiac tissue after myocardial infarction or dysfunctioning tissue in nonischemic cardiomyopathies may result in cardiac failure. Despite great advancements in the treatment of these diseases, there is a substantial unmet need for novel therapies, ideally addressing repair and regeneration of the damaged or lost myocardium. Along this line, cardiac cell based therapies have gained substantial attention. Three main approaches are currently under investigation: stem cell therapy with either embryonic or adult stem cells; generation of patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells; stimulation of endogenous regeneration trough direct reprogramming of fibroblasts into cardiomyocytes, activation of resident cardiac stem cells or induction of native resident cardiomyocytes to reenter the cell cycle. All these strategies need to be optimized since their efficiency is low.It has recently become clear that cardiac signaling and transcriptional pathways are intimately intertwined with microRNA molecules which act as modulators of cardiac development, function, and disease. Moreover, miRNA also regulates stem cell differentiation. Here we describe how miRNA may circumvent hurdles that hamper the field of cardiac regeneration and stem cell therapy, and how miRNA may result as the most suitable solution for the damaged heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Gnecchi
- Department of Molecular Medicine - Cardiology Unit, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Sciences - Coronary Care Unit and Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Institute of Research and Treatment Foundation Polyclinic San Matteo, Pavia, Italy.
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology for Cell and Molecular Therapy, Institute of Research and Treatment Foundation Polyclinic San Matteo, Pavia, Italy.
- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Federica Pisano
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Sciences - Coronary Care Unit and Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Institute of Research and Treatment Foundation Polyclinic San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology for Cell and Molecular Therapy, Institute of Research and Treatment Foundation Polyclinic San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Riccardo Bariani
- Department of Molecular Medicine - Cardiology Unit, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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Zhang X, Dong H, Tian Y. miRNA Biology in Pathological Processes. SPRINGERBRIEFS IN MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-47293-4_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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78
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Piubelli C, Meraviglia V, Pompilio G, D'Alessandra Y, Colombo GI, Rossini A. microRNAs and Cardiac Cell Fate. Cells 2014; 3:802-23. [PMID: 25100020 PMCID: PMC4197636 DOI: 10.3390/cells3030802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Revised: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of small, non-coding microRNAs (miRNAs) has recently emerged as fundamental in the regulation of the physiology of the cardiovascular system. Several specific miRNAs were found to be expressed in embryonic, postnatal, and adult cardiac tissues. In the present review, we will provide an overview about their role in controlling the different pathways regulating cell identity and fate determination. In particular, we will focus on the involvement of miRNAs in pluripotency determination and reprogramming, and specifically on cardiac lineage commitment and cell direct transdifferentiation into cardiomyocytes. The identification of cardiac-specific miRNAs and their targets provide new promising insights into the mechanisms that regulate cardiac development, function and dysfunction. Furthermore, due to their contribution in reprogramming, they could offer new opportunities for developing safe and efficient cell-based therapies for cardiovascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Piubelli
- Center for Biomedicine, European Academy of Bolzano/Bozen, Via Galvani 31, I-39100 Bolzano, Italy.
| | - Viviana Meraviglia
- Center for Biomedicine, European Academy of Bolzano/Bozen, Via Galvani 31, I-39100 Bolzano, Italy.
| | - Giulio Pompilio
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Via Parea 4, I-20138 Milano, Italy.
| | - Yuri D'Alessandra
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Via Parea 4, I-20138 Milano, Italy.
| | | | - Alessandra Rossini
- Center for Biomedicine, European Academy of Bolzano/Bozen, Via Galvani 31, I-39100 Bolzano, Italy.
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79
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MiRiad Roles for MicroRNAs in Cardiac Development and Regeneration. Cells 2014; 3:724-50. [PMID: 25055156 PMCID: PMC4197632 DOI: 10.3390/cells3030724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Revised: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac development is an exquisitely regulated process that is sensitive to perturbations in transcriptional activity and gene dosage. Accordingly, congenital heart abnormalities are prevalent worldwide, and are estimated to occur in approximately 1% of live births. Recently, small non-coding RNAs, known as microRNAs, have emerged as critical components of the cardiogenic regulatory network, and have been shown to play numerous roles in the growth, differentiation, and morphogenesis of the developing heart. Moreover, the importance of miRNA function in cardiac development has facilitated the identification of prospective therapeutic targets for patients with congenital and acquired cardiac diseases. Here, we discuss findings attesting to the critical role of miRNAs in cardiogenesis and cardiac regeneration, and present evidence regarding the therapeutic potential of miRNAs for cardiovascular diseases.
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80
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Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulators involved in nearly all known biological processes in distant eukaryotic clades. Their discovery and functional characterization have broadened our understanding of biological regulatory mechanisms in animals and plants. They show both evolutionary conserved and unique features across Metazoa. Here, we present the current status of the knowledge about the role of miRNA in development, growth, and physiology of teleost fishes, in comparison to other vertebrates. Infraclass Teleostei is the most abundant group among vertebrate lineage. Fish are an important component of aquatic ecosystems and human life, being the prolific source of animal proteins worldwide and a vertebrate model for biomedical research. We review miRNA biogenesis, regulation, modifications, and mechanisms of action. Specific sections are devoted to the role of miRNA in teleost development, organogenesis, tissue differentiation, growth, regeneration, reproduction, endocrine system, and responses to environmental stimuli. Each section discusses gaps in the current knowledge and pinpoints the future directions of research on miRNA in teleosts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Igor Babiak
- Faculty of Aquaculture and Biosciences, University of Nordland, Bodø, Norway
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81
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BU PINGYUAN, YANG PING. MicroRNA-203 inhibits malignant melanoma cell migration by targeting versican. Exp Ther Med 2014; 8:309-315. [PMID: 24944639 PMCID: PMC4061213 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2014.1708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA (miR)-203 has been demonstrated to function as a suppressor in tumorigenesis. Recently, miR-203 was reported to play a role in malignant melanoma (MM); however, the detailed function of miR-203 in MM remains unclear. In the present study, the expression of miR-203 was shown to be significantly downregulated in MM tissues when compared with normal adjacent tissues. Based on a bioinformatic prediction, versican was further identified as a novel target of miR-203, and the expression of versican was markedly increased in MM tissues. Inhibition of miR-203 increased the protein expression of versican, while upregulation of miR-203 inhibited the protein expression of versican in MM A375 cells. In addition, the upregulation of versican significantly promoted A375 cell migration; however, upregulation of miR-203 suppressed A375 cell migration. The present study further investigated whether miR-203 was involved in versican-mediated A375 cell migration, and the results indicated that upregulation of miR-203 significantly inhibited A375 cell migration, which was impaired by overexpression of versican. These observations indicated that versican functions as a downstream effector in miR-203-mediated MM cell migration. Therefore, the results demonstrated that miR-203 exhibited an inhibitory effect on MM cell migration via directly targeting versican, thus, may become an effective inhibitor for MM metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- PINGYUAN BU
- Department of Burns, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - PING YANG
- Department of Burns, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
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82
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Kalozoumi G, Yacoub M, Sanoudou D. MicroRNAs in heart failure: Small molecules with major impact. Glob Cardiol Sci Pract 2014; 2014:79-102. [PMID: 25419522 PMCID: PMC4220439 DOI: 10.5339/gcsp.2014.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as potent modulators of mammalian gene expression, thereby broadening the spectrum of molecular mechanisms orchestrating human physiological and pathological cellular functions. Growing evidence suggests that these small non-coding RNA molecules are pivotal regulators of cardiovascular development and disease. Importantly, multiple miRNAs have been specifically implicated in the onset and progression of heart failure, thus providing a new platform for battling this multi-faceted disease. This review introduces the basic concepts of miRNA biology, describes representative examples of miRNAs associated with multiple aspects of HF pathogenesis, and explores the prognostic, diagnostic and therapeutic potential of miRNAs in the cardiology clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Kalozoumi
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Athens, Greece
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83
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Liang D, Xu X, Deng F, Feng J, Zhang H, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Pan L, Liu Y, Zhang D, Li J, Liang X, Sun Y, Xiao J, Chen YH. miRNA-940 reduction contributes to human Tetralogy of Fallot development. J Cell Mol Med 2014; 18:1830-9. [PMID: 24889693 PMCID: PMC4196658 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is a complex congenital heart defect and the microRNAs regulation in TOF development is largely unknown. Herein, we explored the role of miRNAs in TOF. Among 75 dysregulated miRNAs identified from human heart tissues, miRNA-940 was the most down-regulated one. Interestingly, miRNA-940 was most highly expressed in normal human right ventricular out-flow tract comparing to other heart chambers. As TOF is caused by altered proliferation, migration and/or differentiation of the progenitor cells of the secondary heart field, we isolated Sca-1+ human cardiomyocyte progenitor cells (hCMPC) for miRNA-940 function analysis. miRNA-940 reduction significantly promoted hCMPCs proliferation and inhibited hCMPCs migration. We found that JARID2 is an endogenous target regulated by miRNA-940. Functional analyses showed that JARID2 also affected hCMPCs proliferation and migration. Thus, decreased miRNA-940 affects the proliferation and migration of the progenitor cells of the secondary heart field by targeting JARID2 and potentially leads to TOF development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Liang
- Key Laboratory of Basic Research in Cardiology of the Ministry of Education of China, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Institute of Medical Genetics, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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84
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Qian BJ, You L, Shang FF, Liu J, Dai P, Lin N, He M, Liu R, Zhang Y, Xu Y, Zhang YH, Wang TH. Vimentin Regulates Neuroplasticity in Transected Spinal Cord Rats Associated with micRNA138. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 51:437-47. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-8745-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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85
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Piccinini AM, Midwood KS. Illustrating the interplay between the extracellular matrix and microRNAs. Int J Exp Pathol 2014; 95:158-80. [PMID: 24761792 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of cell surface receptors that bind to extracellular matrix (ECM) components marked a new era in biological research. Since then there has been an increasing appreciation of the importance of studying cells in the context of their extracellular environment. Cell behaviour is profoundly affected by the ECM, whose synthesis and turnover must be finely balanced in order to maintain normal function and prevent disease. In the last decade, microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as key regulators of ECM gene expression. As new technologies for the identification and validation of miRNA targets continue to be developed, a growing body of data supporting the role of miRNAs in regulating the ECM biology has arisen from a variety of cell and animal models along with clinical studies. However, more recent findings suggest an intriguing interplay between the ECM and miRNAs: not only can miRNAs control the composition of the ECM, but also the ECM can affect the expression of specific miRNAs. Here we discuss how miRNAs contribute to the synthesis, maintenance and remodelling of the ECM during development and disease. Furthermore, we bring to light evidence that points to a role for the ECM in regulating miRNA expression and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Piccinini
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, UK
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86
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Zhou J, Dong X, Zhou Q, Wang H, Qian Y, Tian W, Ma D, Li X. microRNA expression profiling of heart tissue during fetal development. Int J Mol Med 2014; 33:1250-60. [PMID: 24604530 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2014.1691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) are important both in early cardiogenesis and in the process of heart maturation. The aim of this study was to determine the stage-specific expression of miRNAs in human fetal heart in order to identify valuable targets for further study of heart defects. Affymetrix microarrays were used to obtain miRNA expression profiles from human fetal heart tissue at 5, 7, 9 and 23 weeks of gestation. To identify differentially expressed miRNAs at each time-point, linear regression analysis by the R limma algorithm was employed. Hierarchical clustering analysis was conducted with Cluster 3.0 software. Gene Ontology analysis was carried out for miRNAs from different clusters. Commonalities in miRNA families and genomic localization were identified, and the differential expression of selected miRNAs from different clusters was verified by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). A total of 703 miRNAs were expressed in human fetal heart. Of these, 288 differentially expressed miRNAs represented 5 clusters with different expression trends. Several clustered miRNAs also shared classification within miRNA families or proximal genomic localization. qPCR confirmed the expression patterns of selected miRNAs. miRNAs within the 5 clusters were predicted to target genes vital for heart development and to be involved in cellular signaling pathways that affect heart structure formation and heart-associated cellular events. In conclusion, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first miRNA expression profiling study of human fetal heart tissue. The stage-specific expression of specific miRNAs suggests potential roles at distinct time-points during fetal heart development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jizi Zhou
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xinran Dong
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Qiongjie Zhou
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Huijun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yanyan Qian
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Weidong Tian
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Duan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xiaotian Li
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
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87
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Islam M, Datta J, Lang JC, Teknos TN. Down regulation of RhoC by microRNA-138 results in de-activation of FAK, Src and Erk1/2 signaling pathway in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Oncol 2014; 50:448-56. [PMID: 24565984 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2014.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Revised: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE RhoC a pro-metastatic oncogene is constitutively active in many head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. MicroRNA-138 which possesses a documented tumor suppressor function can bind to the 3'UTR of RhoC mRNA and inhibit its activity. We hypothesize that miR-138 can inhibit the function of RhoC and consequently the activation of downstream target molecules involve in the signaling cascade. For this reason we investigated the role of miR-138 in HNSCC. METHODS In vitro studies were carried out to evaluate the role of miR-138 in HNSCC cell lines and in primary tumors obtained from HNSCC patients. Real time RT-PCR, Western blot, cell motility, invasion and colony formation assays were performed according to standard procedures. RESULTS Data obtained by G-LISA and real time PCR shows an inverse correlation between RhoC expression and miR-138 in HNSCC cell lines. Additionally, we obtained a similar pattern of RhoC and miR-138 expression in primary tumors from HNSCC patients. Over expression of miR-138 in HNSCC lines showed down regulation of RhoC, as well as a decrease in cell motility, invasion colony and stress fiber formation. Furthermore, a significant down regulation was observed for FAK, Src and Erk(1/2) upon miR-138 overexpression. CONCLUSION These findings strongly suggest that the inhibition of RhoC can be achieved by over expressing miR-138, which further attenuates the downstream signaling cascade leading to cancer progression and survival. Moreover, this study for the first time shows that down regulation of FAK, Src and Erk(1/2) by miR-138 overexpression is due to inhibition of RhoC in HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mozaffarul Islam
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA; Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Jharna Datta
- Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - James C Lang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA; Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Theodoros N Teknos
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA; Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
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88
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Nandadasa S, Foulcer S, Apte SS. The multiple, complex roles of versican and its proteolytic turnover by ADAMTS proteases during embryogenesis. Matrix Biol 2014; 35:34-41. [PMID: 24444773 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2014.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Revised: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Embryonic development is an exceptionally dynamic process, requiring a provisional extracellular matrix that is amenable to rapid remodeling, and proteolytic or non-proteolytic mechanisms that can remodel the major components of this matrix. Versican is a chondroitin-sulfate proteoglycan that forms highly hydrated complexes with hyaluronan and is widely distributed in the provisional matrix of mammalian embryos. It has been extensively studied in the context of cardiovascular morphogenesis, neural crest cell migration and skeletal development. Analysis of Vcan transgenic mice has established the requirement for versican in cardiac development and its role in skeletogenesis. The ADAMTS family includes several versican-degrading proteases that are active during remodeling of the embryonic provisional matrix, especially during sculpting of versican-rich tissues. Versican is cleaved at specific peptide bonds by ADAMTS proteases, and the cleavage products are detectable by neo-epitope antibodies. Myocardial compaction, closure of the secondary palate (in which neural crest derived cells participate), endocardial cushion remodeling, myogenesis and interdigital web regression are developmental contexts in which ADAMTS-mediated versican proteolysis has been identified as a crucial requirement. ADAMTS proteases are expressed coordinately and function cooperatively in many of these contexts. In addition to versican clearance, ADAMTS proteases generate a bioactive versican fragment containing the N-terminal G1 domain, which we have named versikine. This review promotes the view that the embryonic extracellular matrix has evolved not only to provide a permissive environment for embryo growth and morphogenesis, but through its dissolution to influence and regulate cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumeda Nandadasa
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Simon Foulcer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Suneel S Apte
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
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90
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Abstract
MicroRNA MicroRNA s (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs acting as endogenous regulators of gene expression. Their discovery is one of the major recent breakthroughs in molecular biology. miRNAs establish a multiplicity of relationships with target mRNAs and exert pleiotropic biological effects in many cell physiological pathways during development and adult life. The dynamic nature of gene expression regulation by Retinoic Acid Retinoic acid (RA) is consistent with an extensive functional interplay with miRNA activities. In fact, RA regulates the expression of many different miRNAs, thus suggesting a relevant function of miRNAs in RA-controlled gene expression programmes. miRNAs have been extensively studied as targets and mediators of the biological activity of RA during embryonic development as well as in normal and neoplastic cells. However, relatively few studies have experimentally explored the direct contribution of miRNA function to the RA signalling pathway. Here, we provide an overview of the mechanistic aspects that allow miRNA biogenesis, functional activation and regulation, focusing on recent evidence that highlights a functional interplay between miRNAs and RA-regulated molecular networks. We report examples of tissue-specific roles of miRNAs modulated by RA in stem cell pluripotency maintenance and regeneration, embryonic development, hematopoietic and neural differentiation, and other biological model systems, underlining their role in disease pathogenesis. We also address novel areas of research linking the RA signalling pathway to the nuclear activity of miRNAs.
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MESH Headings
- Cell Differentiation
- Embryo, Mammalian
- Embryonic Development
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
- Pluripotent Stem Cells/cytology
- Pluripotent Stem Cells/metabolism
- Protein Binding
- Protein Multimerization
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptors, Retinoic Acid/genetics
- Receptors, Retinoic Acid/metabolism
- Retinoid X Receptors/genetics
- Retinoid X Receptors/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Tretinoin/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Nervi
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy,
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91
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The Potential Role of SRY in Epigenetic Gene Regulation During Brain Sexual Differentiation in Mammals. EPIGENETIC SHAPING OF SOCIOSEXUAL INTERACTIONS - FROM PLANTS TO HUMANS 2014; 86:135-65. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800222-3.00007-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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92
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Zhang J, Chang JJ, Xu F, Ma XJ, Wu Y, Li WC, Wang HJ, Huang GY, Ma D. MicroRNA Deregulation in Right Ventricular Outflow Tract Myocardium in Nonsyndromic Tetralogy of Fallot. Can J Cardiol 2013; 29:1695-703. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2013.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2013] [Revised: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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93
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He S, Liu P, Jian Z, Li J, Zhu Y, Feng Z, Xiao Y. miR-138 protects cardiomyocytes from hypoxia-induced apoptosis via MLK3/JNK/c-jun pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 441:763-9. [PMID: 24211202 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.10.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Cardiomyocytes experience a series of complex endogenous regulatory mechanisms against apoptosis induced by chronic hypoxia. MicroRNAs are a class of endogenous small non-coding RNAs that regulate cellular pathophysiological processes. Recently, microRNA-138 (miR-138) has been found related to hypoxia, and beneficial for cell proliferation. Therefore, we intend to study the role of miR-138 in hypoxic cardiomyocytes and the main mechanism. Myocardial samples of patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) were collected to test miR-138 expression. Agomir or antagomir of miR-138 was transfected into H9C2 cells to investigate its effect on cell apoptosis. Higher miR-138 expression was observed in patients with cyanotic CHD, and its expression gradually increased with prolonged hypoxia time in H9C2 cells. Using MTT and LDH assays, cell growth was significantly greater in the agomir group than in the negative control (NC) group, while antagomir decreased cell survival. Dual luciferase reporter gene and Western-blot results confirmed MLK3 was a direct target of miR-138. It was found that miR-138 attenuated hypoxia-induced apoptosis using TUNEL, Hoechst staining and Annexin V-PE/7-AAD flow cytometry analysis. We further detected expression of apoptosis-related proteins. In the agomir group, the level of pro-apoptotic proteins such as cleaved-caspase-3, cleaved-PARP and Bad significantly reduced, while Bcl-2 and Bcl-2/Bax ratio increased. Opposite changes were observed in the antagomir group. Downstream targets of MLK3, JNK and c-jun, were also suppressed by miR-138. Our study demonstrates that up-regulation of miR-138 plays a protective role in myocardial adaptation to chronic hypoxia, which is mediated mainly by MLK3/JNK/c-jun signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyi He
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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94
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Chaitra K, Ulaganathan K, James A, Ananthapur V, Nallari P. miRNA regulation during cardiac development and remodeling in cardiomyopathy. EXCLI JOURNAL 2013; 12:980-92. [PMID: 27092038 PMCID: PMC4827073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
miRNAs have been found to play a major role in cardiomyopathy, a heart muscle disorder characterized by cardiac dysfunction. Several miRNAs including those involved in heart development are found to be dysregulated in cardiomyopathy. These miRNAs act either directly or indirectly by controlling the genes involved in normal development and functioning of the heart. Indirectly it also targets modifier genes and genes involved in signaling pathways. In this review, miRNAs involved in heart development, including dysregulation of miRNA which regulate various genes, modifiers and notch signaling pathway genes leading to cardiomyopathy are discussed. A study of these miRNAs would give an insight into the mechanisms involved in the processes of heart development and disease. Apart from this, information gathered from these studies would also generate suitable therapeutic targets in the form of antagomirs which are chemically engineered oligonucleotides used for silencing miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- K.L. Chaitra
- Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - Anita James
- Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - Pratibha Nallari
- Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India,*To whom correspondence should be addressed: Pratibha Nallari, Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India, E-mail:
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95
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Abstract
Heart failure is a leading cause of death in industrialized nations especially in an aging population. The recent improvements in cardiac revascularization therapy reduced death rates because of myocardial infarction but steadily increased the number of individuals developing cardiac remodeling and heart failure in the future. Conceptual novel approaches entering the clinics to treat cardiac remodeling and heart failure remain scarce. MicroRNAs emerged as powerful and dynamic modifiers of cardiovascular diseases. In this review, the current approaches using microRNAs as novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for cardiac remodeling and heart failure are highlighted. Other gene regulatory mechanisms presented include long (>200 bp) noncoding RNAs that function as an additional regulatory machinery of the genome controlling both transcriptional and post-transcriptional events also in the cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regalla Kumarswamy
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies, Hannover, Germany
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96
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Non-coding RNAs: the "dark matter" of cardiovascular pathophysiology. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:19987-20018. [PMID: 24113581 PMCID: PMC3821599 DOI: 10.3390/ijms141019987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Revised: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Large-scale analyses of mammalian transcriptomes have identified a significant number of different RNA molecules that are not translated into protein. In fact, the use of new sequencing technologies has identified that most of the genome is transcribed, producing a heterogeneous population of RNAs which do not encode for proteins (ncRNAs). Emerging data suggest that these transcripts influence the development of cardiovascular disease. The best characterized non-coding RNA family is represented by short highly conserved RNA molecules, termed microRNAs (miRNAs), which mediate a process of mRNA silencing through transcript degradation or translational repression. These microRNAs (miRNAs) are expressed in cardiovascular tissues and play key roles in many cardiovascular pathologies, such as coronary artery disease (CAD) and heart failure (HF). Potential links between other ncRNAs, like long non-coding RNA, and cardiovascular disease are intriguing but the functions of these transcripts are largely unknown. Thus, the functional characterization of ncRNAs is essential to improve the overall understanding of cellular processes involved in cardiovascular diseases in order to define new therapeutic strategies. This review outlines the current knowledge of the different ncRNA classes and summarizes their role in cardiovascular development and disease.
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97
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Wu TS, Yang JJ, Yu FY, Liu BH. Cardiotoxicity of mycotoxin citrinin and involvement of microRNA-138 in zebrafish embryos. Toxicol Sci 2013; 136:402-12. [PMID: 24052562 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kft206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Citrinin (CTN) is a fungal secondary metabolite that contaminates various foodstuffs and animal feeds; it also exhibits organotoxicity in several animal models. In this study, the zebrafish was used to elucidate the mechanism of CTN cardiotoxicity in developing embryos. Following CTN administration, the gross morphology of the embryonic heart was apparently altered, including heart malformation, pericardial edema, and red blood accumulation. Whole-mount immunostaining and histological analysis of ventricle and atrium indicated incorrect heart looping and reduced size of heart chambers. From the perspective of cardiac function, the heartbeat and blood flow rate of embryos were significantly decreased in the presence of CTN. CTN also modulated the expression of tbx2a and jun B genes, but not that of bmp4 and nkx2.5. Furthermore, the heart areas of CTN-exposed embryos demonstrated an elevated levels of aldh1a2 and cspg2 messenger RNA; these 2 cardiac-related genes are known to be involved in retinoic acid (RA) pathway as well as downstream targets of microRNA-138 (miR-138) in zebrafish. CTN treatment also downregulated the expression of miR-138. Moreover, overexpression of miR-138 was able to rescue the heart defects generated by CTN. These results support the notion that CTN exposure has a severe impact on heart development, affecting heart morphogenesis through the dysregulation of miR-138, RA signaling, and tbx2a.
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98
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Zhu S, Cao L, Zhu J, Kong L, Jin J, Qian L, Zhu C, Hu X, Li M, Guo X, Han S, Yu Z. Identification of maternal serum microRNAs as novel non-invasive biomarkers for prenatal detection of fetal congenital heart defects. Clin Chim Acta 2013; 424:66-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2013.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Revised: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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99
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MicroRNAs in cardiac regeneration and cardiovascular disease. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2013; 56:907-13. [PMID: 23974704 PMCID: PMC3972258 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-013-4534-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-coding RNAs, which have been shown important to a wide range of biological process by post-transcriptionally regulating the expression of protein-coding genes. miRNAs have been demonstrated essential to normal cardiac development and function. Recently, numerous studies indicate miRNAs are involved in cardiac regeneration and cardiac disease, including cardiac hypertrophy, myocardial infarction and cardiac arrhythmia. These observations suggest miRNAs play important roles in cardiology. In this review, we summarize the recent progress of studying miRNAs in cardiac regeneration and cardiac disease. We also discuss the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of miRNAs in heart disease.
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100
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Gays D, Santoro MM. The admiR-able advances in cardiovascular biology through the zebrafish model system. Cell Mol Life Sci 2013; 70:2489-503. [PMID: 23069988 PMCID: PMC11113687 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-012-1181-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Revised: 09/12/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs endogenously expressed by all tissues during development and adulthood. They regulate gene expression by controlling the stability of targeted messenger RNA. In cardiovascular tissues microRNAs play a role by modulating essential genes involved in heart and blood vessel development and homeostasis. The zebrafish (Danio rerio) system is a recognized vertebrate model system useful to study cardiovascular biology; recently, it has been used to investigate microRNA functions during natural and pathological states. In this review, we will illustrate the advantages of the zebrafish model in the study of microRNAs in heart and vascular cells, providing an update on recent discoveries using the zebrafish to identify new microRNAs and their targeted genes in cardiovascular tissues. Lastly, we will provide evidence that the zebrafish is an optimal model system to undercover new microRNA functions in vertebrates and to improve microRNA-based therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dafne Gays
- Department of Biology, Biochemistry and Genetics, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Massimo Mattia Santoro
- Department of Biology, Biochemistry and Genetics, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Turin, Italy
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