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Ihezie SA, Mathew IE, McBride DW, Dienel A, Blackburn SL, Thankamani Pandit PK. Epigenetics in blood-brain barrier disruption. Fluids Barriers CNS 2021; 18:17. [PMID: 33823899 PMCID: PMC8025355 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-021-00250-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The vessels of the central nervous system (CNS) have unique barrier properties. The endothelial cells (ECs) which comprise the CNS vessels contribute to the barrier via strong tight junctions, specific transporters, and limited endocytosis which combine to protect the brain from toxins and maintains brain homeostasis. Blood-brain barrier (BBB) leakage is a serious secondary injury in various CNS disorders like stroke, brain tumors, and neurodegenerative disorders. Currently, there are no drugs or therapeutics available to treat specifically BBB damage after a brain injury. Growing knowledge in the field of epigenetics can enhance the understanding of gene level of the BBB and has great potential for the development of novel therapeutic strategies or targets to repair a disrupted BBB. In this brief review, we summarize the epigenetic mechanisms or regulators that have a protective or disruptive role for components of BBB, along with the promising approaches to regain the integrity of BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A Ihezie
- The Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center, 6431 Fannin St. MSB 7.147, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Iny Elizebeth Mathew
- The Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center, 6431 Fannin St. MSB 7.147, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Devin W McBride
- The Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center, 6431 Fannin St. MSB 7.147, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Ari Dienel
- The Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center, 6431 Fannin St. MSB 7.147, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Spiros L Blackburn
- The Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center, 6431 Fannin St. MSB 7.147, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Peeyush Kumar Thankamani Pandit
- The Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center, 6431 Fannin St. MSB 7.147, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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Distinct Expression Patterns of Cxcl12 in Mesenchymal Stem Cell Niches of Intact and Injured Rodent Teeth. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063024. [PMID: 33809663 PMCID: PMC8002260 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Specific stem cell populations within dental mesenchymal tissues guarantee tooth homeostasis and regeneration throughout life. The decision between renewal and differentiation of stem cells is greatly influenced by interactions with stromal cells and extracellular matrix molecules that form the tissue specific stem cell niches. The Cxcl12 chemokine is a general marker of stromal cells and plays fundamental roles in the maintenance, mobilization and migration of stem cells. The aim of this study was to exploit Cxcl12-GFP transgenic mice to study the expression patterns of Cxcl12 in putative dental niches of intact and injured teeth. We showed that endothelial and stromal cells expressed Cxcl12 in the dental pulp tissue of both intact molars and incisors. Isolated non-endothelial Cxcl12+ dental pulp cells cultured in different conditions in vitro exhibited expression of both adipogenic and osteogenic markers, thus suggesting that these cells possess multipotent fates. Taken together, our results show that Cxcl12 is widely expressed in intact and injured teeth and highlight its importance as a key component of the various dental mesenchymal stem cell niches.
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Cell therapy as a new approach on hepatic fibrosis of murine model of Schistosoma mansoni-infection. Acta Parasitol 2021; 66:136-145. [PMID: 32816183 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-020-00267-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schistosomiasis is an acute and chronic disease of the genus Schistosoma triggered by blood flukes. Schistosomiasis is a disease occurring in, or endemic to, tropical and subtropical regions. A new concept was implemented to deal with schistosomiasis from natural plant sources. Curcumin's common name is Turmeric. Curcumin has proven to be main active component in Curcuma longa L. and has a wide range of anti-phrastic effects. Previous studies have shown the role of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) therapy in hepatic fibrosis recovery. OBJECTIVE The current study was, therefore, intended to examine therapeutic role of BMSCs and Turmeric in murine schistosomiasis mansoni. ANIMALS Mice were divided into five groups: a negative control group (non-infected non-treated), a positive control group (infected non-treated), a BMSCs treated group; Turmeric treated group, and untreated group. BMSCs derived from male mice were injected intraperitoneally into female mice receiving S. mansoni cercariae through the subcutaneous route. Liver histopathology and immuno-histochemical examinations were evaluated. RESULTS BMSCs intraperitoneal injection resulted in a significant reduction of liver collagen, granuloma size, and significant increase of OV-6 expression in the Schistosomiasis-treated mice group. There was overall improvement in pathological changes of the liver. Unfortunately, group IV showed a mild improvement in the granuloma size and fibrosis compared to corresponding BMSCs treatment group, although with vacuolated liver cells. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE BMSCs have a regenerative potential in liver tissue histopathology by decreasing liver fibrosis and granulomas. Turmeric, by contrast, could not be used as an anti-fibrotic, according to the findings.
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Contessi Negrini N, Angelova Volponi A, Higgins C, Sharpe P, Celiz A. Scaffold-based developmental tissue engineering strategies for ectodermal organ regeneration. Mater Today Bio 2021; 10:100107. [PMID: 33889838 PMCID: PMC8050778 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2021.100107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering (TE) is a multidisciplinary research field aiming at the regeneration, restoration, or replacement of damaged tissues and organs. Classical TE approaches combine scaffolds, cells and soluble factors to fabricate constructs mimicking the native tissue to be regenerated. However, to date, limited success in clinical translations has been achieved by classical TE approaches, because of the lack of satisfactory biomorphological and biofunctional features of the obtained constructs. Developmental TE has emerged as a novel TE paradigm to obtain tissues and organs with correct biomorphology and biofunctionality by mimicking the morphogenetic processes leading to the tissue/organ generation in the embryo. Ectodermal appendages, for instance, develop in vivo by sequential interactions between epithelium and mesenchyme, in a process known as secondary induction. A fine artificial replication of these complex interactions can potentially lead to the fabrication of the tissues/organs to be regenerated. Successful developmental TE applications have been reported, in vitro and in vivo, for ectodermal appendages such as teeth, hair follicles and glands. Developmental TE strategies require an accurate selection of cell sources, scaffolds and cell culture configurations to allow for the correct replication of the in vivo morphogenetic cues. Herein, we describe and discuss the emergence of this TE paradigm by reviewing the achievements obtained so far in developmental TE 3D scaffolds for teeth, hair follicles, and salivary and lacrimal glands, with particular focus on the selection of biomaterials and cell culture configurations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A. Angelova Volponi
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - C.A. Higgins
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - P.T. Sharpe
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - A.D. Celiz
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Chen J, Xu H, Xia K, Cheng S, Zhang Q. Resolvin E1 accelerates pulp repair by regulating inflammation and stimulating dentin regeneration in dental pulp stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:75. [PMID: 33482900 PMCID: PMC7821538 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02141-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Unresolved inflammation and tissue destruction are considered to underlie the failure of dental pulp repair. As key mediators of the injury response, dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) play a critical role in pulp tissue repair and regeneration. Resolvin E1 (RvE1), a major dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty-acid metabolite, is effective in resolving inflammation and activating wound healing. However, whether RvE1 facilitates injured pulp-tissue repair and regeneration through timely resolution of inflammation and rapid mobilization of DPSCs is unknown. Therefore, we established a pulp injury model and investigated the effects of RvE1 on DPSC-mediated inflammation resolution and injured pulp repair. Methods A pulp injury model was established using 8-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats. Animals were sacrificed on days 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 after pulp capping with a collagen sponge immersed in PBS with RvE1 or PBS. Hematoxylin-eosin and Masson’s trichrome staining, immunohistochemistry, and immunohistofluorescence were used to evaluate the prohealing properties of RvE1. hDPSCs were incubated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce an inflammatory response, and the expression of inflammatory factors after RvE1 application was measured. Effects of RvE1 on hDPSC proliferation, chemotaxis, and odontogenic differentiation were evaluated by CCK-8 assay, transwell assay, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining, alizarin red staining, and quantitative PCR, and possible signaling pathways were explored using western blotting. Results In vivo, RvE1 reduced the necrosis rate of damaged pulp and preserved more vital pulps, and promoted injured pulp repair and reparative dentin formation. Further, it enhanced dentin matrix protein 1 and dentin sialoprotein expression and accelerated pulp inflammation resolution by suppressing TNF-α and IL-1β expression. RvE1 enhanced the recruitment of CD146+ and CD105+ DPSCs to the damaged molar pulp mesenchyme. Isolated primary cells exhibited the mesenchymal stem cell immunophenotype and differentiation. RvE1 promoted hDPSC proliferation and chemotaxis. RvE1 significantly attenuated pro-inflammatory cytokine (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) release and enhanced ALP activity, nodule mineralization, and especially, expression of the odontogenesis-related genes DMP1, DSPP, and BSP in LPS-stimulated DPSCs. RvE1 regulated AKT, ERK, and rS6 phosphorylation in LPS-stimulated DPSCs. Conclusions RvE1 promotes pulp inflammation resolution and dentin regeneration and positively influences the proliferation, chemotaxis, and differentiation of LPS-stimulated hDPSCs. This response is, at least partially, dependent on AKT, ERK, and rS6-associated signaling in the inflammatory microenvironment. RvE1 has promising application potential in regenerative endodontics. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-021-02141-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- Department of Endodontics, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, 399 Middle Yan Chang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Huaxing Xu
- Department of Endodontics, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, 399 Middle Yan Chang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Kun Xia
- Department of Endodontics, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, 399 Middle Yan Chang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Shuhua Cheng
- Department of Endodontics, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, 399 Middle Yan Chang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Endodontics, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, 399 Middle Yan Chang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China.
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Imhof T, Balic A, Heilig J, Chiquet-Ehrismann R, Chiquet M, Niehoff A, Brachvogel B, Thesleff I, Koch M. Pivotal Role of Tenascin-W (-N) in Postnatal Incisor Growth and Periodontal Ligament Remodeling. Front Immunol 2021; 11:608223. [PMID: 33552067 PMCID: PMC7862723 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.608223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The continuously growing mouse incisor provides a fascinating model for studying stem cell regulation and organ renewal. In the incisor, epithelial and mesenchymal stem cells assure lifelong tooth growth. The epithelial stem cells reside in a niche known as the cervical loop. Mesenchymal stem cells are located in the nearby apical neurovascular bundle and in the neural plexus. So far, little is known about extracellular cues that are controlling incisor stem cell renewal and guidance. The extracellular matrix protein tenascin-W, also known as tenascin-N (TNN), is expressed in the mesenchyme of the pulp and of the periodontal ligament of the incisor, and is closely associated with collagen 3 fibers. Here, we report for the first time the phenotype of tenascin-W/TNN deficient mice, which in a C57BL/6N background exhibit a reduced body weight and lifespan. We found major defects in the alveolar bone and periodontal ligament of the growing rodent incisors, whereas molars were not affected. The alveolar bone around the incisor was replaced by a dense scar-like connective tissue, enriched with newly formed nerve fibers likely leading to periodontal pain, less food intake and reduced body weight. Using soft food to reduce mechanical load on the incisor partially rescued the phenotype. In situ hybridization and Gli1 reporter mouse experiments revealed decreased hedgehog signaling in the incisor mesenchymal stem cell compartment, which coordinates the development of mesenchymal stem cell niche. These results indicate that TNN deficiency in mice affects periodontal remodeling and increases nerve fiber branching. Through periodontal pain the food intake is reduced and the incisor renewal and the neurovascular sonic hedgehog secretion rate are reduced. In conclusion, tenascin-W/TNN seems to have a primary function in rapid periodontal tissue remodeling and a secondary function in mechanosensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Imhof
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Institute for Dental Research and Oral Musculoskeletal Biology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Anamaria Balic
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juliane Heilig
- Center for Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Center for Musculoskeletal Biomechanics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ruth Chiquet-Ehrismann
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Novartis Res. Foundation, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Chiquet
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anja Niehoff
- Cologne Center for Musculoskeletal Biomechanics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Institute of Biomechanics and Orthopaedics, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Bent Brachvogel
- Center for Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Experimental Neonatology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Irma Thesleff
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Manuel Koch
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Institute for Dental Research and Oral Musculoskeletal Biology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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West WH, Beutler AI, Gordon CR. Regenerative Injectable Therapies: Current Evidence. Curr Sports Med Rep 2020; 19:353-359. [PMID: 32925374 DOI: 10.1249/jsr.0000000000000751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Regenerative medicine is a growing field of musculoskeletal treatments that focuses on amplifying the body's natural healing properties to improve function and pain after injury. Regenerative treatments are applied locally at the site of injury and work though different mechanisms, some of which are unexplained at this time. Current evidence demonstrates benefit for certain regenerative treatments, but further standardization of treatments and additional studies are required to provide additional data to support specific regenerative treatments. This review seeks to explore the evidence and discuss appropriate use of the most common regenerative treatments including platelet-rich plasma, prolotherapy, autologous mesenchymal stem cells, human-derived allograft products, and saline.
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58
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Solmaz B, Şahin A, Keleştemur T, Kiliç E, Kaptanoğlu E. Evidence that osteogenic and neurogenic differentiation capability of epidural adipose tissue-derived stem cells was more pronounced than in subcutaneous cells. Turk J Med Sci 2020; 50:1825-1837. [PMID: 32222128 PMCID: PMC7775714 DOI: 10.3906/sag-2001-76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/aim The management of dura-related complications, such as the repairment of dural tears and reconstruction of large dural defects, remain the most challenging subjects of neurosurgery. Numerous surgical techniques and synthetic or autologous adjuvant materials have emerged as an adjunct to primary dural closure, which may result in further complications or side effects. Therefore, the subcutaneous autologous free adipose tissue graft has been recommended for the protection of the central nervous system and repairment of the meninges. In addition, human adipose tissue is also a source of multipotent stem cells. However, epidural adipose tissue seems more promising than subcutaneous because of the close location and intercellular communication with the spinal cord. Herein, it was aimed to define differentiation capability of both subcutaneous and epidural adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASCs). Materials and methods Human subcutaneous and epidural adipose tissue specimens were harvested from the primary incisional site and the lumbar epidural space during lumbar spinal surgery, and ASCs were isolated. Results The results indicated that both types of ASCs expressed the cell surface markers, which are commonly expressed stem cells; however, epidural ASCs showed lower expression of CD90 than the subcutaneous ASCs. Moreover, it was demonstrated that the osteogenic and neurogenic differentiation capability of epidural adipose tissue-derived ASCs was more pronounced than that of the subcutaneous ASCs. Conclusion Consequently, the impact of characterization of epidural ASCs will allow for a new understanding for dural as well as central nervous system healing and recovery after an injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilgehan Solmaz
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Marmara University, İstanbul, Turkey,Department of Neurosurgery, İstanbul Education Research Hospital, Ministry of Health, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Ali Şahin
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Marmara University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Taha Keleştemur
- Department of Physiology, İstanbul Medipol University, İstanbul, Turkey,Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center, İstanbul Medipol Universtiy, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Ertuğrul Kiliç
- Department of Physiology, İstanbul Medipol University, İstanbul, Turkey,Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center, İstanbul Medipol Universtiy, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Erkan Kaptanoğlu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Başkent University, İstanbul, Turkey
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Li T, Chen S, Pei M. Contribution of neural crest-derived stem cells and nasal chondrocytes to articular cartilage regeneration. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:4847-4859. [PMID: 32504256 PMCID: PMC9150440 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03567-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Due to poor self-regenerative potential of articular cartilage, stem cell-based regeneration becomes a hopeful approach for the treatment of articular cartilage defects. Recent studies indicate that neural crest-derived cells (NCDCs) have the potential for repairing articular cartilage with even greater chondrogenic capacity than mesoderm-derived cells (MDCs): a conventional stem cell source for cartilage regeneration. Given that NCDCs originate from a different germ layer in the early embryo compared with MDCs that give rise to articular cartilage, a mystery remains regarding their capacity for articular cartilage regeneration. In this review, we summarize the similarities and differences between MDCs and NCDCs including articular and nasal chondrocytes in cell origin, anatomy, and chondrogenic differentiation and propose that NCDCs might be promising cell origins for articular cartilage regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyou Li
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, 64 Medical Center Drive, PO Box 9196, Morgantown, WV, 26506-9196, USA
- Department of Pediatric Orthopaedics, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Song Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, 610083, Sichuan, China
| | - Ming Pei
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, 64 Medical Center Drive, PO Box 9196, Morgantown, WV, 26506-9196, USA.
- WVU Cancer Institute, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA.
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60
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Sui B, Wu D, Xiang L, Fu Y, Kou X, Shi S. Dental Pulp Stem Cells: From Discovery to Clinical Application. J Endod 2020; 46:S46-S55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2020.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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61
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Yianni V, Sharpe PT. Transcriptomic Profiling of Dental Pulp Pericytes: An RNAseq Approach. FRONTIERS IN DENTAL MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fdmed.2020.00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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62
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Nagata M, Ono N, Ono W. Unveiling diversity of stem cells in dental pulp and apical papilla using mouse genetic models: a literature review. Cell Tissue Res 2020; 383:603-616. [PMID: 32803323 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-020-03271-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The dental pulp, a non-mineralized connective tissue uniquely encased within the cavity of the tooth, provides a niche for diverse arrays of dental mesenchymal stem cells. Stem cells in the dental pulp, including dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs) and stem cells from apical papilla (SCAPs), have been isolated from human tissues with an emphasis on their potential application to regenerative therapies. Recent studies utilizing mouse genetic models shed light on the identities of these mesenchymal progenitor cells derived from neural crest cells (NCCs) in their native conditions, particularly regarding how they contribute to homeostasis and repair of the dental tissue. The current concept is that at least two distinct niches for stem cells exist in the dental pulp, e.g., the perivascular niche and the perineural niche. The precise identities of these stem cells and their niches are now beginning to be unraveled thanks to sophisticated mouse genetic models, which lead to better understanding of the fundamental properties of stem cells in the dental pulp and the apical papilla in humans. The new knowledge will be highly instrumental for developing more effective stem cell-based regenerative therapies to repair teeth in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizuki Nagata
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Noriaki Ono
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Wanida Ono
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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63
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Svandova E, Peterkova R, Matalova E, Lesot H. Formation and Developmental Specification of the Odontogenic and Osteogenic Mesenchymes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:640. [PMID: 32850793 PMCID: PMC7396701 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Within the mandible, the odontogenic and osteogenic mesenchymes develop in a close proximity and form at about the same time. They both originate from the cranial neural crest. These two condensing ecto-mesenchymes are soon separated from each other by a very loose interstitial mesenchyme, whose cells do not express markers suggesting a neural crest origin. The two condensations give rise to mineralized tissues while the loose interstitial mesenchyme, remains as a soft tissue. This is crucial for proper anchorage of mammalian teeth. The situation in all three regions of the mesenchyme was compared with regard to cell heterogeneity. As the development progresses, the early phenotypic differences and the complexity in cell heterogeneity increases. The differences reported here and their evolution during development progressively specifies each of the three compartments. The aim of this review was to discuss the mechanisms underlying condensation in both the odontogenic and osteogenic compartments as well as the progressive differentiation of all three mesenchymes during development. Very early, they show physical and structural differences including cell density, shape and organization as well as the secretion of three distinct matrices, two of which will mineralize. Based on these data, this review highlights the consecutive differences in cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions, which support the cohesion as well as mechanosensing and mechanotransduction. These are involved in the conversion of mechanical energy into biochemical signals, cytoskeletal rearrangements cell differentiation, or collective cell behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Svandova
- Laboratory of Odontogenesis and Osteogenesis, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia
| | - Renata Peterkova
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Eva Matalova
- Laboratory of Odontogenesis and Osteogenesis, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia.,Department of Physiology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czechia
| | - Herve Lesot
- Laboratory of Odontogenesis and Osteogenesis, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia
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Yoshida S, Tomokiyo A, Hasegawa D, Hamano S, Sugii H, Maeda H. Insight into the Role of Dental Pulp Stem Cells in Regenerative Therapy. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9070160. [PMID: 32659896 PMCID: PMC7407391 DOI: 10.3390/biology9070160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have the capacity for self-renewal and multilineage differentiation potential, and are considered a promising cell population for cell-based therapy and tissue regeneration. MSCs are isolated from various organs including dental pulp, which originates from cranial neural crest-derived ectomesenchyme. Recently, dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs) have been isolated from dental pulp tissue of adult permanent teeth and deciduous teeth, respectively. Because of their MSC-like characteristics such as high growth capacity, multipotency, expression of MSC-related markers, and immunomodulatory effects, they are suggested to be an important cell source for tissue regeneration. Here, we review the features of these cells, their potential to regenerate damaged tissues, and the recently acquired understanding of their potential for clinical application in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichiro Yoshida
- Department of Endodontology, Kyushu University Hospital, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (A.T.); (D.H.); (H.S.); (H.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-92-642-6432
| | - Atsushi Tomokiyo
- Department of Endodontology, Kyushu University Hospital, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (A.T.); (D.H.); (H.S.); (H.M.)
| | - Daigaku Hasegawa
- Department of Endodontology, Kyushu University Hospital, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (A.T.); (D.H.); (H.S.); (H.M.)
| | - Sayuri Hamano
- OBT Research Center, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan;
- Department of Endodontology and Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Hideki Sugii
- Department of Endodontology, Kyushu University Hospital, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (A.T.); (D.H.); (H.S.); (H.M.)
| | - Hidefumi Maeda
- Department of Endodontology, Kyushu University Hospital, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (A.T.); (D.H.); (H.S.); (H.M.)
- Department of Endodontology and Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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Rajbhandari S, Beppu M, Takagi T, Nakano-Doi A, Nakagomi N, Matsuyama T, Nakagomi T, Yoshimura S. Ischemia-Induced Multipotent Stem Cells Isolated from Stroke Patients Exhibit Higher Neurogenic Differentiation Potential than Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Stem Cells Dev 2020; 29:994-1006. [PMID: 32515302 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2020.0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Perivascular areas of the brain harbor multipotent stem cells. We recently demonstrated that after a stroke, brain pericytes exhibit features of multipotent stem cells. Moreover, these ischemia-induced multipotent stem cells (iSCs) are present within ischemic areas of the brain of patients diagnosed with stroke. Although increasing evidence shows that iSCs have traits similar to those of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), the phenotypic similarities and differences between iSCs and MSCs remain unclear. In this study, we used iSCs extracted from stroke patients (h-iSCs) and compared their neurogenic potential with that of human MSCs (h-MSCs) in vitro. Microarray analysis, fluorescence-activated cell sorting, immunohistochemistry, and multielectrode array were performed to compare the characteristics of h-iSCs and h-MSCs. Although h-iSCs and h-MSCs had similar gene expression profiles, the percentage expressing the neural stem/progenitor cell marker nestin was significantly higher in h-iSCs than in h-MSCs. Consistent with these findings, h-iSCs, but not h-MSCs, differentiated into electrophysiologically functional neurons. In contrast, although both h-iSCs and h-MSCs were able to differentiate into several mesodermal lineages, including adipocytes, osteocytes, and chondrocytes, the potential of h-iSCs to differentiate into adipocytes and osteocytes was relatively low. These results suggest that compared with h-MSCs, h-iSCs predominantly exhibit neural rather than mesenchymal lineages. In addition, these results indicate that h-iSCs have the potential to repair the injured brain of patients with stroke by directly differentiating into neuronal lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mikiya Beppu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Toshinori Takagi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Akiko Nakano-Doi
- Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Departments of Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan.,Therapeutic Progress in Brain Diseases and Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Nami Nakagomi
- Surgical Pathology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Matsuyama
- Therapeutic Progress in Brain Diseases and Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Takayuki Nakagomi
- Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Departments of Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan.,Therapeutic Progress in Brain Diseases and Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Shinichi Yoshimura
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan.,Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Departments of Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
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Iendaltseva O, Orlova VV, Mummery CL, Danen EHJ, Schmidt T. Fibronectin Patches as Anchoring Points for Force Sensing and Transmission in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Pericytes. Stem Cell Reports 2020; 14:1107-1122. [PMID: 32470326 PMCID: PMC7355144 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2020.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pericytes (PCs) have been reported to contribute to the mechanoregulation of the capillary diameter and blood flow in health and disease. How this is realized remains poorly understood. We designed several models representing basement membrane (BM) in between PCs and endothelial cells (ECs). These models captured a unique protein organization with micron-sized FN patches surrounded by laminin (LM) and allowed to obtain quantitative information on PC morphology and contractility. Using human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived PCs, we could address mechanical aspects of mid-capillary PC behavior in vitro. Our results showed that PCs strongly prefer FN patches over LM for adhesion formation, have an optimal stiffness for spreading in the range of EC rigidity, and react in a non-canonical way with increased traction forces and reduced spreading on other stiffness then the optimal. Our approach opens possibilities to further study PC force regulation under well-controlled conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Iendaltseva
- Physics of Life Processes, Leiden Institute of Physics, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden, South Holland 2333 CC, the Netherlands; Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden, South Holland 2333 CC, the Netherlands
| | - Valeria V Orlova
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, South Holland, the Netherlands
| | - Christine L Mummery
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, South Holland, the Netherlands
| | - Erik H J Danen
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden, South Holland 2333 CC, the Netherlands.
| | - Thomas Schmidt
- Physics of Life Processes, Leiden Institute of Physics, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden, South Holland 2333 CC, the Netherlands.
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67
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Hu Y, Wu H, Xu T, Wang Y, Qin H, Yao Z, Chen P, Xie Y, Ji Z, Yang K, Chai Y, Zhang X, Yu B, Cui Z. Defactinib attenuates osteoarthritis by inhibiting positive feedback loop between H-type vessels and MSCs in subchondral bone. J Orthop Translat 2020; 24:12-22. [PMID: 32518750 PMCID: PMC7261948 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2020.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Abnormal bone formation in subchondral bone resulting from uncoupled bone remodeling is considered a central feature in osteoarthritis (OA) pathogenesis. H-type vessels can couple angiogenesis and osteogenesis. We previously revealed that elevated H-type vessels in subchondral bone were correlated with OA and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) in MSCs is critical for H-type vessel formation in osteoporosis. The aim of this study was to explore the correlation between H-type vessels and MSCs in OA pathogenesis through regulation of H-type vessel formation using defactinib (an FAK inhibitor). Methods In vivo: 3-month-old male C57BL/6J (WT) mice were randomly divided into three groups: sham controls, vehicle-treated ACLT mice, and defactinib-treated ACLT mice (25 mg/kg, intraperitoneally weekly). In vitro: we explored the role of conditioned medium (CM) of MSCs from subchondral bone of different groups on the angiogenesis of endothelial cells (ECs). Flow cytometry, Western blotting, ELISA, real time (RT)-PCR, immunostaining, CT-based microangiography, and bone micro-CT (μCT) were used to detect changes in relative cells and tissues. Results This study demonstrated that inhibition of H-type vessels with defactinib alleviated OA by inhibiting H-type vessel-linked MSCs in subchondral bone. During OA pathogenesis, H-type vessels and MSCs formed a positive feedback loop contributing to abnormal bone formation in subchondral bone. Elevated H-type vessels provided indispensable MSCs for abnormal bone formation in subchondral bone. Flow cytometry and immunostaining results confirmed that the amount of MSCs in subchondral bone was obviously higher in vehicle-treated ACLT mice than that in sham controls and defactinib-treated ACLT mice. In vitro, p-FAK in MSCs from subchondral bone of vehicle-treated ALCT mice increased significantly relative to other groups. Further, the CM from MSCs of vehicle-treated ACLT mice enhanced angiogenesis of ECs through FAK-Grb2-MAPK-linked VEGF expression. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that defactinib inhibits OA by suppressing the positive feedback loop between H-type vessels and MSCs in subchondral bone. The translational potential of this article Our results provide a mechanistic rationale for the use of defactinib as an effective candidate for OA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China.,Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regeneration Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Hangtian Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China.,Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regeneration Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Ting Xu
- Department of Sleep Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Yutian Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China.,Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regeneration Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Hanjun Qin
- Department of Orthopedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China.,Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regeneration Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Zilong Yao
- Department of Orthopedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China.,Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regeneration Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Peisheng Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Fuzhou Second Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China
| | - Yongheng Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China.,Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regeneration Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Zhiguo Ji
- Department of Orthopedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China.,Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regeneration Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Kaifan Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China.,Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regeneration Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Yu Chai
- Department of Orthopedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Xianrong Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China.,Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regeneration Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Bin Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China.,Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regeneration Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Zhuang Cui
- Department of Orthopedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China.,Key Laboratory of Bone and Cartilage Regeneration Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
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Yianni V, Sharpe PT. Epigenetic mechanisms driving lineage commitment in mesenchymal stem cells. Bone 2020; 134:115309. [PMID: 32145460 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The increasing application of approaches that allow tracing of individual cells over time, together with transcriptomic and epigenomic analyses is changing the way resident stromal stem cells (mesenchymal stem cells) are viewed. Rather than being a defined, homogeneous cell population as described following in vitro expansion, in vivo, these cells are highly programmed according to their resident tissue location. This programming is evidenced by different epigenetic landscapes and gene transcription signatures in cells before any in vitro expansion. This has potentially profound implications for the heterotypic use of these cells in therapeutic tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Val Yianni
- Centre for Craniofacial & Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Paul T Sharpe
- Centre for Craniofacial & Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
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Liu AQ, Zhang LS, Chen J, Sui BD, Liu J, Zhai QM, Li YJ, Bai M, Chen K, Jin Y, Hu CH, Jin F. Mechanosensing by Gli1 + cells contributes to the orthodontic force-induced bone remodelling. Cell Prolif 2020; 53:e12810. [PMID: 32472648 PMCID: PMC7260067 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Gli1+ cells have received extensive attention in tissue homeostasis and injury mobilization. The aim of this study was to investigate whether Gli1+ cells respond to force and contribute to bone remodelling. Materials and methods We established orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) model to assess the bone response for mechanical force. The transgenic mice were utilized to label and inhibit Gli1+ cells, respectively. Additionally, mice that conditional ablate Yes‐associated protein (Yap) in Gli1+ cells were applied in the present study. The tooth movement and bone remodelling were analysed. Results We first found Gli1+ cells expressed in periodontal ligament (PDL). They were proliferated and differentiated into osteoblastic cells under tensile force. Next, both pharmacological and genetic Gli1 inhibition models were utilized to confirm that inhibition of Gli1+ cells led to arrest of bone remodelling. Furthermore, immunofluorescence staining identified classical mechanotransduction factor Yap expressed in Gli1+ cells and decreased after suppression of Gli1+ cells. Additionally, conditional ablation of Yap gene in Gli1+ cells inhibited the bone remodelling as well, suggesting Gli1+ cells are force‐responsive cells. Conclusions Our findings highlighted that Gli1+ cells in PDL directly respond to orthodontic force and further mediate bone remodelling, thus providing novel functional evidence in the mechanism of bone remodelling and first uncovering the mechanical responsive property of Gli1+ cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-Qi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Xi'an Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Xi'an, China.,Department of Orthodontic Dentistry, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Li-Shu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Xi'an Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Xi'an, China.,Department of Orthodontic Dentistry, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ji Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Xi'an Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Xi'an, China.,Department of Oral Implantology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bing-Dong Sui
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Xi'an Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Jin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Xi'an Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Qi-Ming Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Xi'an Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Xi'an, China.,Department of Orthodontic Dentistry, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan-Jiao Li
- Department of Orthodontic Dentistry, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Meng Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Xi'an Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Kai Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Xi'an Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Xi'an Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Cheng-Hu Hu
- Xi'an Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Fang Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Orthodontic Dentistry, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Shi X, Mao J, Liu Y. Pulp stem cells derived from human permanent and deciduous teeth: Biological characteristics and therapeutic applications. Stem Cells Transl Med 2020; 9:445-464. [PMID: 31943813 PMCID: PMC7103623 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.19-0398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human pulp stem cells (PSCs) include dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) isolated from dental pulp tissues of human extracted permanent teeth and stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED). Depending on their multipotency and sensitivity to local paracrine activity, DPSCs and SHED exert therapeutic applications at multiple levels beyond the scope of the stomatognathic system. This review is specifically concentrated on PSC-updated biological characteristics and their promising therapeutic applications in (pre)clinical practice. Biologically, distinguished from conventional mesenchymal stem cell markers in vitro, NG2, Gli1, and Celsr1 have been evidenced as PSC markers in vivo. Both perivascular cells and glial cells account for PSC origin. Therapeutically, endodontic regeneration is where PSCs hold the most promises, attributable of PSCs' robust angiogenic, neurogenic, and odontogenic capabilities. More recently, the interplay between cell homing and liberated growth factors from dentin matrix has endowed a novel approach for pulp-dentin complex regeneration. In addition, PSC transplantation for extraoral tissue repair and regeneration has achieved immense progress, following their multipotential differentiation and paracrine mechanism. Accordingly, PSC banking is undergoing extensively with the intent of advancing tissue engineering, disease remodeling, and (pre)clinical treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Shi
- Center of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Jing Mao
- Center of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Yan Liu
- Laboratory of Biomimetic Nanomaterials, Department of OrthodonticsPeking University School and Hospital of StomatologyBeijingPeople's Republic of China
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71
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Sawada R, Nakano-Doi A, Matsuyama T, Nakagomi N, Nakagomi T. CD44 expression in stem cells and niche microglia/macrophages following ischemic stroke. Stem Cell Investig 2020; 7:4. [PMID: 32309418 DOI: 10.21037/sci.2020.02.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background CD44, an adhesion molecule in the hyaluronate receptor family, plays diverse and important roles in multiple cell types and organs. Increasing evidence is mounting for CD44 expression in various types of stem cells and niche cells surrounding stem cells. However, the precise phenotypes of CD44+ cells in the brain under pathologic conditions, such as after ischemic stroke, remain unclear. Methods In the present study, using a mouse model for cerebral infarction by middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion, we examined the localization and traits of CD44+ cells. Results In sham-mice operations, CD44 was rarely observed in the cortex of MCA regions. Following ischemic stroke, CD44+ cells emerged in ischemic areas of the MCA cortex during the acute phase. Although CD44 at ischemic areas was, in part, expressed in stem cells, it was also expressed in hematopoietic lineages, including activated microglia/macrophages, surrounding the stem cells. CD44 expression in microglia/macrophages persisted through the chronic phase following ischemic stroke. Conclusions These data demonstrate that CD44 is expressed in stem cells and cells in the niches surrounding them, including inflammatory cells, suggesting that CD44 may play an important role in reparative processes within ischemic areas under neuroinflammatory conditions; in particular, strokes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikako Sawada
- Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan.,Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Akiko Nakano-Doi
- Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan.,Department of Therapeutic Progress in Brain Diseases, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Matsuyama
- Department of Therapeutic Progress in Brain Diseases, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Nami Nakagomi
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Nakagomi
- Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan.,Department of Therapeutic Progress in Brain Diseases, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
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Vijaykumar A, Mina M. Comparison of osteogenic and dentinogenic potentials of mice incisor and molar pulps in vitro. Arch Oral Biol 2020; 111:104647. [PMID: 31958658 PMCID: PMC7050286 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.104647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In the present study, we compared the in vitro osteogenic and dentinogenic potential of pulp cells from incisors and molars. DESIGN Primary pulp cultures were established from DSPP-Cerulean/DMP1-Cherry and BSP-GFPtpz reporter mouse lines and processed for various assays. RESULTS Our results showed marked differences in dentinogenic and osteogenic potentials of primary cultures from unerupted molars and incisors isolated from 5 to 7 days old pups. While primary cultures from both incisors and molars differentiated into odontoblasts and osteoblasts, cultures from molars differentiated into more DSPP-Cerulean + cells (∼5.5 %) compared to incisor cultures (∼0.7 %) at Day 14 and appear to be more committed to the odontogenic lineage. On the other hand, cultures from incisors show more differentiation into BSP-GFPtpz + cells (∼25 %) compared to molar cultures (∼16 %) and were more committed to the osteogenic lineage. Data were analyzed by Student's t-test and statistical significance was set at P ≤ 0.05. CONCLUSION Since in the dental pulp, MSCs are the primary source of progenitors capable of giving rise to osteoblasts and odontoblasts, our results provide evidence for differences in the commitment of MSCs in molars and incisors to the odontogenic and osteogenic lineages, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Vijaykumar
- Department of Craniofacial Sciences School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - M Mina
- Department of Craniofacial Sciences School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, United States.
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Yamauchi Y, Cooper PR, Shimizu E, Kobayashi Y, Smith AJ, Duncan HF. Histone Acetylation as a Regenerative Target in the Dentine-Pulp Complex. Front Genet 2020; 11:1. [PMID: 32117431 PMCID: PMC7016267 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
If dental caries (or tooth decay) progresses without intervention, the infection will advance through the dentine leading to severe pulpal inflammation (irreversible pulpitis) and pulp death. The current management of irreversible pulpits is generally root-canal-treatment (RCT), a destructive, expensive, and often unnecessary procedure, as removal of the injurious stimulus alone creates an environment in which pulp regeneration may be possible. Current dental-restorative-materials stimulate repair non-specifically and have practical limitations; as a result, opportunities exist for the development of novel therapeutic strategies to regenerate the damaged dentine-pulp complex. Recently, epigenetic modification of DNA-associated histone ‘tails’ has been demonstrated to regulate the self-renewal and differentiation potential of dental-stem-cell (DSC) populations central to regenerative endodontic treatments. As a result, the activities of histone deacetylases (HDAC) are being recognised as important regulators of mineralisation in both tooth development and dental-pulp-repair processes, with HDAC-inhibition (HDACi) promoting pulp cell mineralisation in vitro and in vivo. Low concentration HDACi-application can promote de-differentiation of DSC populations and conversely, increase differentiation and accelerate mineralisation in DSC populations. Therapeutically, various HDACi solutions can release bioactive dentine-matrix-components (DMCs) from the tooth’s extracellular matrix; solubilised DMCs are rich in growth factors and can stimulate regenerative processes such as angiogenesis, neurogenesis, and mineralisation. The aim of this mini-review is to discuss the role of histone-acetylation in the regulation of DSC populations, while highlighting the importance of HDAC in tooth development and dental pulp regenerative-mineralisation processes, before considering the potential therapeutic application of HDACi in targeted biomaterials to the damaged pulp to stimulate regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukako Yamauchi
- Division of Restorative Dentistry & Periodontology, Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Paul Roy Cooper
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Emi Shimizu
- Oral Biology Department, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Yoshifumi Kobayashi
- Oral Biology Department, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Anthony J Smith
- Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Henry Fergus Duncan
- Division of Restorative Dentistry & Periodontology, Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Shah D, Lynd T, Ho D, Chen J, Vines J, Jung HD, Kim JH, Zhang P, Wu H, Jun HW, Cheon K. Pulp-Dentin Tissue Healing Response: A Discussion of Current Biomedical Approaches. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9020434. [PMID: 32033375 PMCID: PMC7074340 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9020434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental pulp tissue exposed to mechanical trauma or cariogenic process results in root canal and/or periapical infections, and conventionally treated with root canal procedures. The more recent regenerative endodontic procedure intends to achieve effective root canal disinfection and adequate pulp–dentin tissue regeneration; however, numerous limitations are reported. Because tooth is composed of vital soft pulp enclosed by the mineralized hard tissue in a highly organized structure, complete pulp–dentin tissue regeneration has been challenging to achieve. In consideration of the limitations and unique dental anatomy, it is important to understand the healing and repair processes through inflammatory-proliferative-remodeling phase transformations of pulp–dentin tissue. Upon cause by infectious and mechanical stimuli, the innate defense mechanism is initiated by resident pulp cells including immune cells through chemical signaling. After the expansion of infection and damage to resident pulp–dentin cells, consequent chemical signaling induces pluripotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to migrate to the injury site to perform the tissue regeneration process. Additionally, innovative biomaterials are necessary to facilitate the immune response and pulp–dentin tissue regeneration roles of MSCs. This review highlights current approaches of pulp–dentin tissue healing process and suggests potential biomedical perspective of the pulp–dentin tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dishant Shah
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (D.S.); (T.L.); (D.H.); (J.C.); (J.V.); (H.-W.J.)
| | - Tyler Lynd
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (D.S.); (T.L.); (D.H.); (J.C.); (J.V.); (H.-W.J.)
| | - Donald Ho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (D.S.); (T.L.); (D.H.); (J.C.); (J.V.); (H.-W.J.)
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (D.S.); (T.L.); (D.H.); (J.C.); (J.V.); (H.-W.J.)
| | - Jeremy Vines
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (D.S.); (T.L.); (D.H.); (J.C.); (J.V.); (H.-W.J.)
| | - Hwi-Dong Jung
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, Seodeamun-Gu, Seoul 03722, Korea;
| | - Ji-Hun Kim
- Department of Dentistry, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, 20 Il-San-ro, Wonju, Gangwon-Do 26426, Korea;
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1919 7th Avenue S, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (P.Z.); (H.W.)
| | - Hui Wu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1919 7th Avenue S, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (P.Z.); (H.W.)
| | - Ho-Wook Jun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (D.S.); (T.L.); (D.H.); (J.C.); (J.V.); (H.-W.J.)
| | - Kyounga Cheon
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1919 7th Avenue S, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (P.Z.); (H.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-205-975-4303
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75
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Omi M, Kulkarni AK, Raichur A, Fox M, Uptergrove A, Zhang H, Mishina Y. BMP-Smad Signaling Regulates Postnatal Crown Dentinogenesis in Mouse Molar. JBMR Plus 2020; 4:e10249. [PMID: 32149267 PMCID: PMC7017888 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dentinogenesis, a formation of dentin by odontoblasts, is an essential process during tooth development. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are one of the most crucial growth factors that contribute to dentin formation. However, it is still unclear how BMP signaling pathways regulate postnatal crown and root dentinogenesis. BMPs transduce signals through canonical Smad and non-Smad signaling pathways including p38 and ERK signaling pathways. To investigate the roles of Smad and non-Smad signaling pathways in dentinogenesis, we conditionally deleted Bmpr1a, which encodes the type 1A receptor for BMPs, to remove both Smad and non-Smad pathways in Osterix-expressing cells. We also expressed a constitutively activated form of Bmpr1a (caBmpr1a) to increase Smad1/5/9 signaling activity without altered non-Smad activity in odontoblasts. To understand the function of BMP signaling during postnatal dentin formation, Cre activity was induced at the day of birth. Our results showed that loss of BmpR1A in odontoblasts resulted in impaired dentin formation and short molar roots at postnatal day 21. Bmpr1a cKO mice displayed a reduction of dentin matrix production compared to controls associated with increased cell proliferation and reduced Osx and Dspp expression. In contrast, caBmpr1a mutant mice that show increased Smad1/5/9 signaling activity resulted in no overt tooth phenotype. To further dissect the functions of each signaling activity, we generated Bmpr1a cKO mice also expressing caBmpr1a to restore only Smad1/5/9 signaling activity. Restoring Smad activity in the compound mutant mice rescued impaired crown dentin formation in the Bmpr1a cKO mice; however, impaired root dentin formation and short roots were not changed. These results suggest that BMP-Smad signaling in odontoblasts is responsible for crown dentin formation, while non-Smad signaling may play a major role in root dentin formation and elongation. © 2019 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research. © 2019 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiko Omi
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences and ProsthodonticsUniversity of Michigan School of DentistryAnn ArborMIUSA
| | - Anshul K Kulkarni
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences and ProsthodonticsUniversity of Michigan School of DentistryAnn ArborMIUSA
| | - Anagha Raichur
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences and ProsthodonticsUniversity of Michigan School of DentistryAnn ArborMIUSA
| | - Mason Fox
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences and ProsthodonticsUniversity of Michigan School of DentistryAnn ArborMIUSA
| | - Amber Uptergrove
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences and ProsthodonticsUniversity of Michigan School of DentistryAnn ArborMIUSA
| | - Honghao Zhang
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences and ProsthodonticsUniversity of Michigan School of DentistryAnn ArborMIUSA
| | - Yuji Mishina
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences and ProsthodonticsUniversity of Michigan School of DentistryAnn ArborMIUSA
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76
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Yu T, Klein OD. Molecular and cellular mechanisms of tooth development, homeostasis and repair. Development 2020; 147:147/2/dev184754. [PMID: 31980484 DOI: 10.1242/dev.184754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The tooth provides an excellent system for deciphering the molecular mechanisms of organogenesis, and has thus been of longstanding interest to developmental and stem cell biologists studying embryonic morphogenesis and adult tissue renewal. In recent years, analyses of molecular signaling networks, together with new insights into cellular heterogeneity, have greatly improved our knowledge of the dynamic epithelial-mesenchymal interactions that take place during tooth development and homeostasis. Here, we review recent progress in the field of mammalian tooth morphogenesis and also discuss the mechanisms regulating stem cell-based dental tissue homeostasis, regeneration and repair. These exciting findings help to lay a foundation that will ultimately enable the application of fundamental research discoveries toward therapies to improve oral health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingsheng Yu
- Program in Craniofacial Biology and Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Ophir D Klein
- Program in Craniofacial Biology and Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA .,Department of Pediatrics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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77
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Characterization of progenitor/stem cell population from human dental socket and their multidifferentiation potential. Cell Tissue Bank 2019; 21:31-46. [PMID: 31807957 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-019-09794-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dental stem cells have many applications in medicine, dentistry and stem cell biology in general due to their easy accessibility and low morbidity. A common surgical manoeuvre after a tooth extraction is the dental socket curettage which is necessary to clean the alveolus and favour alveolar bone healing. This procedure can cause very low morbidity compared to bone marrow collection procedures and the collected material is normally discarded. In order to investigate if the tissue obtained by dental socket curettage after a tooth extraction was a feasible alternative source to isolate human stem cells, we isolated and characterized two different stem cell populations based on STRO-1 and CD146 expression. We were able to collect and grow cells from dental socket of vital and non-vital teeth. Both populations were proliferative, clonogenic and expressed STRO-1, CD146, CD90, NG2, PDGFR-β, which are markers found in stem cells, presented in vitro multiline-differentiation into osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic tissue, and in vivo transplanted cells formed mineralized tissue. Interestingly, STRO-1+ clonogenic cells presented better multidifferentiation than CD146+ cells. Our results showed that mesenchymal stem cells can be isolated from the tiny tissue collected by dental socket curettage after vital and non-vital tooth extraction and suggest that STRO-1 is an important marker to be used to sort cells with multidifferentiation capacity.
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78
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Sivasubramaniyan K, Koevoet WJLM, Hakimiyan AA, Sande M, Farrell E, Hoogduijn MJ, Verhaar JAN, Chubinskaya S, Bühring HJ, van Osch GJVM. Cell-surface markers identify tissue resident multipotential stem/stromal cell subsets in synovial intimal and sub-intimal compartments with distinct chondrogenic properties. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2019; 27:1831-1840. [PMID: 31536814 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2019.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Synovium contains multipotent progenitor/stromal cells (MPCs) with potential to participate in cartilage repair. Understanding the identity of these MPCs will allow their therapeutic potential to be fully exploited. Hence this study aimed to identify primary synovial MPCs and characterize them in the context of cartilage regeneration. METHODS Primary MPC/MPC-subset specific markers in synovium were identified by FACS analysis of uncultured cells. MPC-subsets from human synovium obtained from patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty were FACS sorted, cultured, immunophenotyped and chondrogenically differentiated. The anatomical localization of MPCs in synovium was examined using immunohistochemistry. Finally, the presence of these MPC subsets in healthy synovium obtained from human organ donors was examined. RESULTS A combination of CD45, CD31, CD73 and CD90 can isolate two distinct MPC-subsets in synovium. These MPC-subsets, freshly isolated from synovium, did not express CD45 or CD31, but expressed CD73. Additionally, a sub-population of CD73+ cells also expressed CD90. CD45-CD31-CD73+CD90- cells were significantly more chondrogenic than CD45-CD31-CD73+CD90+ cells in the presence of TGFβ1. Interestingly, reduced chondrogenic ability of CD73+CD90+ cells could be reversed by the addition of BMP2, showing discrete chondrogenic factor requirements by distinct cell-subsets. In addition, these MPCs had distinct anatomical localization; CD73 was expressed both in intimal and sub-intimal region while CD90 was enriched in the sub-intimal region. We further demonstrated that these subsets are also present in healthy synovium. CONCLUSIONS We provide indications that primary MPCs in synovial intima and sub-intima are phenotypically and functionally distinct with different chondrogenic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sivasubramaniyan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - W J L M Koevoet
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - A A Hakimiyan
- Department of Pediatrics, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - M Sande
- Department of Orthopaedics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - E Farrell
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Special Dental Care and Orthodontics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M J Hoogduijn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - J A N Verhaar
- Department of Orthopaedics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - S Chubinskaya
- Department of Pediatrics, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - H-J Bühring
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Hematology, University Clinic of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - G J V M van Osch
- Department of Orthopaedics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
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79
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Dias IE, Pinto PO, Barros LC, Viegas CA, Dias IR, Carvalho PP. Mesenchymal stem cells therapy in companion animals: useful for immune-mediated diseases? BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:358. [PMID: 31640767 PMCID: PMC6805418 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-2087-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells are multipotent cells, with capacity for self-renewal and differentiation into tissues of mesodermal origin. These cells are possible therapeutic agents for autoimmune disorders, since they present remarkable immunomodulatory ability. The increase of immune-mediated diseases in veterinary medicine has led to a growing interest in the research of these disorders and their medical treatment. Conventional immunomodulatory drug therapy such as glucocorticoids or other novel therapies such as cyclosporine or monoclonal antibodies are associated with numerous side effects that limit its long-term use, leading to the need for developing new therapeutic strategies that can be more effective and safe. The aim of this review is to provide a critical overview about the therapeutic potential of these cells in the treatment of some autoimmune disorders (canine atopic dermatitis, feline chronic gingivostomatitis, inflammatory bowel disease and feline asthma) compared with their conventional treatment. Mesenchymal stem cell-based therapy in autoimmune diseases has been showing that this approach can ameliorate clinical signs or even cause remission in most animals, with the exception of canine atopic dermatitis in which little to no improvement was observed. Although mesenchymal stem cells present a promising future in the treatment of most of these disorders, the variability in the outcomes of some clinical trials has led to the current controversy among authors regarding their efficacy. Mesenchymal stem cell-based therapy is currently requiring a deeper and detailed analysis that allows its standardization and better adaptation to the intended therapeutic results, in order to overcome current limitations in future trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Esteves Dias
- CIVG - Vasco da Gama Research Center, Vasco da Gama University School, Av. José R. Sousa Fernandes 197, Campus Universitário - Bloco B, Lordemão, 3020-210, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Pedro Olivério Pinto
- CIVG - Vasco da Gama Research Center, Vasco da Gama University School, Av. José R. Sousa Fernandes 197, Campus Universitário - Bloco B, Lordemão, 3020-210, Coimbra, Portugal.,Coimbra University Veterinary Hospital, Av. José R. Sousa Fernandes 197, 3020-210, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Luís Carlos Barros
- CIVG - Vasco da Gama Research Center, Vasco da Gama University School, Av. José R. Sousa Fernandes 197, Campus Universitário - Bloco B, Lordemão, 3020-210, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carlos Antunes Viegas
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal.,3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017, Barco, Guimarães, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4805-017, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Isabel Ribeiro Dias
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal.,3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017, Barco, Guimarães, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4805-017, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Pedro Pires Carvalho
- CIVG - Vasco da Gama Research Center, Vasco da Gama University School, Av. José R. Sousa Fernandes 197, Campus Universitário - Bloco B, Lordemão, 3020-210, Coimbra, Portugal. .,Vetherapy, 479 St, San Francisco, CA, 94103, USA.
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80
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Yoshida Y, Kabara M, Kano K, Horiuchi K, Hayasaka T, Tomita Y, Takehara N, Minoshima A, Aonuma T, Maruyama K, Nakagawa N, Azuma N, Hasebe N, Kawabe JI. Capillary-resident EphA7 + pericytes are multipotent cells with anti-ischemic effects through capillary formation. Stem Cells Transl Med 2019; 9:120-130. [PMID: 31471947 PMCID: PMC6954719 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.19-0148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of pericytes (PCs) with multipotency and broad distribution along capillary suggests that microvasculature plays a role not only as a duct for blood fluid transport but also as a stem cell niche that contributes to tissue maintenance and regeneration. The lack of an appropriate marker for multipotent PCs still limits our understanding of their pathophysiological roles. We identified the novel marker EphA7 to detect multipotent PCs using microarray analysis of an immortalized PC library. PCs were isolated from microvessels of mouse subcutaneous adipose tissues, then EphA7+ PCs called capillary stem cells (CapSCs) were separated from EphA7− control PCs (ctPCs) using fluorescence‐activated cell sorting system. CapSCs had highly multipotency that enabled them to differentiate into mesenchymal and neuronal lineages compared with ctPCs. CapSCs also differentiated into endothelial cells and PCs to form capillary‐like structures by themselves. Transplantation of CapSCs into ischemic tissues significantly improved blood flow recovery in hind limb ischemia mouse model due to vascular formation compared with that of ctPCs and adipose stromal cells. These data demonstrate that EphA7 identifies a subpopulation of multipotent PCs that have high angiogenesis and regenerative potency and are an attractive target for regenerative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Yoshida
- Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Innovation, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan.,Department of Vascular Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Maki Kabara
- Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Innovation, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Kohei Kano
- Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Innovation, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan.,Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular, Respiratory and Neurology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Kiwamu Horiuchi
- Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Innovation, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan.,Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular, Respiratory and Neurology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Taiki Hayasaka
- Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Innovation, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan.,Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular, Respiratory and Neurology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Yui Tomita
- Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Innovation, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan.,Department of Radiology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Naofumi Takehara
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular, Respiratory and Neurology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Akiho Minoshima
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular, Respiratory and Neurology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Aonuma
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular, Respiratory and Neurology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Keisuke Maruyama
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular, Respiratory and Neurology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Naoki Nakagawa
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular, Respiratory and Neurology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Nobuyoshi Azuma
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Hasebe
- Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Innovation, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan.,Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular, Respiratory and Neurology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Kawabe
- Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Innovation, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
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81
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Abstract
Nearly one-third of adults over the age of 65 have lost all their teeth. We set out to understand tooth renewal in animals that have replacement and regeneration capabilities. Using cichlid fishes and mouse models, we discovered plasticity between tooth and taste bud progenitor cell derivatives, mediated by BMP. Our results suggest that oral organs have surprising regenerative capabilities and can be manipulated to express characteristics of different tissue types. In Lake Malawi cichlids, each tooth is replaced in one-for-one fashion every ∼20 to 50 d, and taste buds (TBs) are continuously renewed as in mammals. These structures are colocalized in the fish mouth and throat, from the point of initiation through adulthood. Here, we found that replacement teeth (RT) share a continuous band of epithelium with adjacent TBs and that both organs coexpress stem cell factors in subsets of label-retaining cells. We used RNA-seq to characterize transcriptomes of RT germs and TB-bearing oral epithelium. Analysis revealed differential usage of developmental pathways in RT compared to TB oral epithelia, as well as a repertoire of genome paralogues expressed complimentarily in each organ. Notably, BMP ligands were expressed in RT but excluded from TBs. Morphant fishes bathed in a BMP chemical antagonist exhibited RT with abrogated shh expression in the inner dental epithelium (IDE) and ectopic expression of calb2 (a TB marker) in these very cells. In the mouse, teeth are located on the jaw margin while TBs and other oral papillae are located on the tongue. Previous study reported that tongue intermolar eminence (IE) oral papillae of Follistatin (a BMP antagonist) mouse mutants exhibited dysmorphic invagination. We used these mutants to demonstrate altered transcriptomes and ectopic expression of dental markers in tongue IE. Our results suggest that vertebrate oral epithelium retains inherent plasticity to form tooth and taste-like cell types, mediated by BMP specification of progenitor cells. These findings indicate underappreciated epithelial cell populations with promising potential in bioengineering and dental therapeutics.
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82
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Minoshima A, Kabara M, Matsuki M, Yoshida Y, Kano K, Tomita Y, Hayasaka T, Horiuchi K, Saito Y, Aonuma T, Nishimura M, Maruyama K, Nakagawa N, Sawada J, Takehara N, Hasebe N, Kawabe JI. Pericyte-Specific Ninjurin1 Deletion Attenuates Vessel Maturation and Blood Flow Recovery in Hind Limb Ischemia. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 38:2358-2370. [PMID: 30354207 PMCID: PMC6166707 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.311375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Objective— Angiogenesis, entire step from endothelial cells (ECs) sprouts to vascular maturation, is a critical response to ischemia. To form functional mature vessels, interactions between ECs and pericytes are essential. Ninj1 (ninjurin1) is an adhesion molecule that contributes to the pathogenesis of neuroinflammation. We recently demonstrated that Ninj1 is expressed in pericytes during angiogenesis. However, the role of Ninj1 in angiogenesis under pathophysiological ischemic conditions has not yet been elucidated. Approach and Results— Ninj1 was detected in microvessels, and its expression was enhanced in ischemic tissues after mouse hindlimb ischemia. Knockdown of Ninj1 was performed by injection of biodegradable microspheres releasing Ninj1-small interfering RNA into muscle tissues. Alternatively, pericyte-specific Ninj1 knockout was induced by tamoxifen treatment of NG2-CreERT/Ninj1-flox mice. Ninj1 knockdown/knockout reduced the formation of blood-circulating functional vessels among total CD31+ microvessels within ischemic tissues and subsequently attenuated color Doppler–assessed blood flow recovery. Ninj1 overexpression enhanced expression of Anpt (angiopoietin) 1, whereas Ninj1 knockdown enhanced the endogenous Anpt1 antagonist, Anpt2 expression in pericytes and inhibited the association of pericytes with ECs and subsequent formation of capillary-like structure, that is, EC tube surrounded with pericytes in 3-dimensional gel culture. Conclusions— Our data demonstrate that Ninj1 is involved in the formation of functional matured vessels through the association between pericytes and ECs, resulting in blood flow recovery from ischemia. These findings further the current our understanding of vascular maturation and may support the development of therapeutics for ischemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiho Minoshima
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Innovation (A.M., M.K., M.M., Y.Y., K.K., Y.T., T.H., K.H., Y.S., T.A., N.T., N.H., J.-i.K.), Asahikawa Medical University, Japan.,Division of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, and Neurology, Department of Medicine (A.M., M.M., K.K., T.H., K.H., T.A., N.T., N.H.), Asahikawa Medical University, Japan
| | - Maki Kabara
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Innovation (A.M., M.K., M.M., Y.Y., K.K., Y.T., T.H., K.H., Y.S., T.A., N.T., N.H., J.-i.K.), Asahikawa Medical University, Japan
| | - Motoki Matsuki
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Innovation (A.M., M.K., M.M., Y.Y., K.K., Y.T., T.H., K.H., Y.S., T.A., N.T., N.H., J.-i.K.), Asahikawa Medical University, Japan.,Division of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, and Neurology, Department of Medicine (A.M., M.M., K.K., T.H., K.H., T.A., N.T., N.H.), Asahikawa Medical University, Japan
| | - Yuri Yoshida
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Innovation (A.M., M.K., M.M., Y.Y., K.K., Y.T., T.H., K.H., Y.S., T.A., N.T., N.H., J.-i.K.), Asahikawa Medical University, Japan.,Department of Vascular Surgery (Y.Y., Y.S.), Asahikawa Medical University, Japan
| | - Kohei Kano
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Innovation (A.M., M.K., M.M., Y.Y., K.K., Y.T., T.H., K.H., Y.S., T.A., N.T., N.H., J.-i.K.), Asahikawa Medical University, Japan.,Division of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, and Neurology, Department of Medicine (A.M., M.M., K.K., T.H., K.H., T.A., N.T., N.H.), Asahikawa Medical University, Japan
| | - Yui Tomita
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Innovation (A.M., M.K., M.M., Y.Y., K.K., Y.T., T.H., K.H., Y.S., T.A., N.T., N.H., J.-i.K.), Asahikawa Medical University, Japan.,Department of Radiology (Y.T.), Asahikawa Medical University, Japan
| | - Taiki Hayasaka
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Innovation (A.M., M.K., M.M., Y.Y., K.K., Y.T., T.H., K.H., Y.S., T.A., N.T., N.H., J.-i.K.), Asahikawa Medical University, Japan.,Division of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, and Neurology, Department of Medicine (A.M., M.M., K.K., T.H., K.H., T.A., N.T., N.H.), Asahikawa Medical University, Japan
| | - Kiwamu Horiuchi
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Innovation (A.M., M.K., M.M., Y.Y., K.K., Y.T., T.H., K.H., Y.S., T.A., N.T., N.H., J.-i.K.), Asahikawa Medical University, Japan.,Division of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, and Neurology, Department of Medicine (A.M., M.M., K.K., T.H., K.H., T.A., N.T., N.H.), Asahikawa Medical University, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Saito
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Innovation (A.M., M.K., M.M., Y.Y., K.K., Y.T., T.H., K.H., Y.S., T.A., N.T., N.H., J.-i.K.), Asahikawa Medical University, Japan.,Department of Vascular Surgery (Y.Y., Y.S.), Asahikawa Medical University, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Aonuma
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Innovation (A.M., M.K., M.M., Y.Y., K.K., Y.T., T.H., K.H., Y.S., T.A., N.T., N.H., J.-i.K.), Asahikawa Medical University, Japan.,Division of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, and Neurology, Department of Medicine (A.M., M.M., K.K., T.H., K.H., T.A., N.T., N.H.), Asahikawa Medical University, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | - Naofumi Takehara
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Innovation (A.M., M.K., M.M., Y.Y., K.K., Y.T., T.H., K.H., Y.S., T.A., N.T., N.H., J.-i.K.), Asahikawa Medical University, Japan.,Division of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, and Neurology, Department of Medicine (A.M., M.M., K.K., T.H., K.H., T.A., N.T., N.H.), Asahikawa Medical University, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Hasebe
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Innovation (A.M., M.K., M.M., Y.Y., K.K., Y.T., T.H., K.H., Y.S., T.A., N.T., N.H., J.-i.K.), Asahikawa Medical University, Japan.,Division of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, and Neurology, Department of Medicine (A.M., M.M., K.K., T.H., K.H., T.A., N.T., N.H.), Asahikawa Medical University, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Kawabe
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Innovation (A.M., M.K., M.M., Y.Y., K.K., Y.T., T.H., K.H., Y.S., T.A., N.T., N.H., J.-i.K.), Asahikawa Medical University, Japan
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83
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Hsu CY, Salazar MG, Miller S, Meyers C, Ding C, Hardy W, Péault B, James AW. Comparison of Human Tissue Microarray to Human Pericyte Transcriptome Yields Novel Perivascular Cell Markers. Stem Cells Dev 2019; 28:1214-1223. [PMID: 31264500 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2019.0106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human perivascular progenitor cells, including pericytes, are well-described multipotent mesenchymal cells giving rise to mesenchymal stem cells in culture. Despite the unique location of pericytes, specific antigens to distinguish human pericytes from other cell types are few. Here, we employed a human tissue microarray (Human Protein Atlas) to identify proteins that are strongly and specifically expressed in a pericytic location within human adipose tissue. Next, these results were cross-referenced with RNA sequencing data from human adipose tissue pericytes, as defined as a fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) purified CD146+CD34-CD31-CD45- cell population. Results showed that from 105,532 core biopsies of soft tissue, 229 proteins showed strong and specific perivascular immunoreactivity, the majority of which (155) were present in the tunica intima. Next, cross-referencing with the transcriptome of FACS-derived CD146+ pericytes yielded 25 consistently expressed genes/proteins, including 18 novel antigens. A majority of these transcripts showed maintained expression after culture propagation (56% of genes). Interestingly, many novel antigens within pericytes are regulators of osteogenic differentiation. In sum, our study demonstrates the existence of novel pericyte markers, some of which are conserved in culture that may be useful for future efforts to typify, isolate, and characterize human pericytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching Yun Hsu
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Mario Gomez Salazar
- Center for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,MRC Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Miller
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Carolyn Meyers
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Catherine Ding
- Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Winters Hardy
- Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Bruno Péault
- Center for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,MRC Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Aaron W James
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.,Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
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84
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Diao S, Yang H, Cao Y, Yang D, Fan Z. IGF2 enhanced the osteo-/dentinogenic and neurogenic differentiation potentials of stem cells from apical papilla. J Oral Rehabil 2019; 47 Suppl 1:55-65. [PMID: 31291686 DOI: 10.1111/joor.12859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In dental tissue engineering, niche is important for maintaining stem cell function and regenerating the dental tissues. However, there is limited knowledge for the growth factors in niche to maintain the function of stem cells. In this study, we investigated the effect of IGF2, a growth factor in stem cells from apical papilla (SCAPs) niche, on differentiation and proliferation potentials of SCAPs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Recombinant human IGF2 protein (rhIGF2) was used. Cell counting kit-8 assay, Carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester assay, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, Alizarin Red staining, quantitative calcium analysis, immunofluorescence staining and real-time RT-PCR were performed to investigate the cell proliferation and differentiation potentials of SCAPs. And proteomic analysis was used to identify the differential secreted proteins. RESULTS By ALP activity assay, we found that 5 ng/mL rhIGF2 might be the optimal concentration for treatment. Then, Alizarin Red staining, quantitative calcium analysis and osteogenesis-related gene expression results showed that 5 ng/mL rhIGF2 could enhance the osteo-/dentinogenic differentiation potentials in SCAPs. Immunofluorescence staining and real-time RT-PCR results showed that neurogenic markers were significantly induced by 5 ng/mL rhIGF2 in SCAPs. Then, CCK-8 assay and CFSE assay results showed that 5 ng/mL rhIGF2 could enhance the cell proliferation in SCAPs. Furthermore, proteomic analysis showed that IGF2 could induce some secreted proteins which function related to the osteogenesis, neurogenesis and cell proliferation. CONCLUSIONS Our results identified that IGF2 might be the potential mediator in niche to promote SCAP function and dental tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Diao
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,Department of Pediatric dentistry, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Haoqing Yang
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Yangyang Cao
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Dongmei Yang
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,Department of Pediatric dentistry, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhipeng Fan
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
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85
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Hoogduijn MJ, Lombardo E. Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Anno 2019: Dawn of the Therapeutic Era? Concise Review. Stem Cells Transl Med 2019; 8:1126-1134. [PMID: 31282113 PMCID: PMC6811696 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.19-0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
2018 was the year of the first marketing authorization of an allogeneic stem cell therapy by the European Medicines Agency. The authorization concerns the use of allogeneic adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) for treatment of complex perianal fistulas in Crohn's disease. This is a breakthrough in the field of MSC therapy. The last few years have, furthermore, seen some breakthroughs in the investigations into the mechanisms of action of MSC therapy. Although the therapeutic effects of MSCs have largely been attributed to their secretion of immunomodulatory and regenerative factors, it has now become clear that some of the effects are mediated through host phagocytic cells that clear administered MSCs and in the process adapt an immunoregulatory and regeneration supporting function. The increased interest in therapeutic use of MSCs and the ongoing elucidation of the mechanisms of action of MSCs are promising indicators that 2019 may be the dawn of the therapeutic era of MSCs and that there will be revived interest in research to more efficient, practical, and sustainable MSC-based therapies. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2019;8:1126-1134.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin J Hoogduijn
- Nephrology and Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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86
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Abstract
Cells have been identified in postnatal tissues that, when isolated from multiple mesenchymal compartments, can be stimulated in vitro to give rise to cells that resemble mature mesenchymal phenotypes, such as odontoblasts, osteoblasts, adipocytes, and myoblasts. This has made these adult cells, collectively called mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), strong candidates for fields such as tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Based on evidence from in vivo genetic lineage-tracing studies, pericytes have been identified as a source of MSC precursors in vivo in multiple organs, in response to injury or during homeostasis. Questions of intense debate and interest in the field of tissue engineering and regenerative studies include the following: 1) Are all pericytes, irrespective of tissue of isolation, equal in their differentiation potential? 2) What are the mechanisms that regulate the differentiation of MSCs? To gain a better understanding of the latter, recent work has utilized ChIP-seq (chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing) to reconstruct histone landscapes. This indicated that for dental pulp pericytes, the odontoblast-specific gene Dspp was found in a transcriptionally permissive state, while in bone marrow pericytes, the osteoblast-specific gene Runx2 was primed for expression. RNA sequencing has also been utilized to further characterize the 2 pericyte populations, and results highlighted that dental pulp pericytes are already precommitted to an odontoblast fate based on enrichment analysis indicating overrepresentation of key odontogenic genes. Furthermore, ChIP-seq analysis of the polycomb repressive complex 1 component RING1B indicated that this complex is likely to be involved in inhibiting inappropriate differentiation, as it localized to a number of loci of key transcription factors that are needed for the induction of adipogenesis, chondrogenesis, or myogenesis. In this review, we highlight recent data elucidating molecular mechanisms that indicate that pericytes can be tissue-specific precommitted MSC precursors in vivo and that this precommitment is a major driving force behind MSC differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Yianni
- 1 Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - P T Sharpe
- 1 Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
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87
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Effect of recombinant human vascular endothelial growth factor on testis tissue xenotransplants from prepubertal boys: a three-case study. Reprod Biomed Online 2019; 39:119-133. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2019.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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88
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Balic A. Isolation of Dental Stem Cell-Enriched Populations from Continuously Growing Mouse Incisors. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1922:29-37. [PMID: 30838562 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9012-2_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Continuous growth of the rodent incisor is enabled by epithelial and mesenchymal stem cells (ESCs and MSCs) which unceasingly replenish enamel and dentin, respectively, that wear by persistent animal gnawing. Lineage tracing studies have provided evidence that ESCs contribute to all epithelial lineages of the tooth in vivo. Meanwhile, in the mouse incisor, MSCs continuously contribute to odontoblast lineage and tooth growth. However, in vitro manipulation of ESCs has shown little progress, mainly due to lack of appropriate protocol to successfully isolate, culture, expand, and differentiate ESCs in vitro without using the co-culture system. In this chapter we describe the isolation of the Sox2-GFP+ cell population that is highly enriched in ESCs. Isolated cells can be used for various types of analyses, including in vitro culture, single cell-related analyses, etc. Furthermore, we describe ways to obtain populations enriched in the incisor MSCs using FACS sorting of antibody-labeled cells. Easily accessible FACS sorting enables easy and relatively fast isolation of the cells labeled by the fluorescent protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamaria Balic
- Research Program in Developmental Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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89
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Shi C, Yuan Y, Guo Y, Jing J, Ho TV, Han X, Li J, Feng J, Chai Y. BMP Signaling in Regulating Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Incisor Homeostasis. J Dent Res 2019; 98:904-911. [PMID: 31136721 DOI: 10.1177/0022034519850812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling performs multiple essential functions during craniofacial development. In this study, we used the adult mouse incisor as a model to uncover how BMP signaling maintains tissue homeostasis and regulates mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) fate by mediating WNT and FGF signaling. We observed a severe defect in the proximal region of the adult mouse incisor after loss of BMP signaling in the Gli1+ cell lineage, indicating that BMP signaling is required for cell proliferation and odontoblast differentiation. Our study demonstrates that BMP signaling serves as a key regulator that antagonizes WNT and FGF signaling to regulate MSC lineage commitment. In addition, BMP signaling in the Gli1+ cell lineage is also required for the maintenance of quiescent MSCs, suggesting that BMP signaling not only is important for odontoblast differentiation but also plays a crucial role in providing feedback to the MSC population. This study highlights multiple important roles of BMP signaling in regulating tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Shi
- 1 Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,2 Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Y Yuan
- 1 Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Y Guo
- 1 Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,3 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - J Jing
- 1 Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,4 State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - T V Ho
- 1 Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - X Han
- 1 Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - J Li
- 1 Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,5 Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - J Feng
- 1 Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Y Chai
- 1 Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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90
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Payne LB, Zhao H, James CC, Darden J, McGuire D, Taylor S, Smyth JW, Chappell JC. The pericyte microenvironment during vascular development. Microcirculation 2019; 26:e12554. [PMID: 31066166 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Vascular pericytes provide critical contributions to the formation and integrity of the blood vessel wall within the microcirculation. Pericytes maintain vascular stability and homeostasis by promoting endothelial cell junctions and depositing extracellular matrix (ECM) components within the vascular basement membrane, among other vital functions. As their importance in sustaining microvessel health within various tissues and organs continues to emerge, so does their role in a number of pathological conditions including cancer, diabetic retinopathy, and neurological disorders. Here, we review vascular pericyte contributions to the development and remodeling of the microcirculation, with a focus on the local microenvironment during these processes. We discuss observations of their earliest involvement in vascular development and essential cues for their recruitment to the remodeling endothelium. Pericyte involvement in the angiogenic sprouting context is also considered with specific attention to crosstalk with endothelial cells such as through signaling regulation and ECM deposition. We also address specific aspects of the collective cell migration and dynamic interactions between pericytes and endothelial cells during angiogenic sprouting. Lastly, we discuss pericyte contributions to mechanisms underlying the transition from active vessel remodeling to the maturation and quiescence phase of vascular development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura B Payne
- Center for Heart and Reparative Medicine, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Roanoke, Virginia
| | - Huaning Zhao
- Center for Heart and Reparative Medicine, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Roanoke, Virginia.,Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Polytechnic State Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Carissa C James
- Center for Heart and Reparative Medicine, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Roanoke, Virginia.,Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Jordan Darden
- Center for Heart and Reparative Medicine, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Roanoke, Virginia.,Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - David McGuire
- Center for Heart and Reparative Medicine, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Roanoke, Virginia.,Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Sarah Taylor
- Center for Heart and Reparative Medicine, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Roanoke, Virginia
| | - James W Smyth
- Center for Heart and Reparative Medicine, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Roanoke, Virginia.,Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Virginia Polytechnic State Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia.,Department of Basic Science Education, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, Virginia
| | - John C Chappell
- Center for Heart and Reparative Medicine, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Roanoke, Virginia.,Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Polytechnic State Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia.,Department of Basic Science Education, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, Virginia
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91
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Bjørndal L, Simon S, Tomson PL, Duncan HF. Management of deep caries and the exposed pulp. Int Endod J 2019; 52:949-973. [PMID: 30985944 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Caries prevalence remains high throughout the world, with the burden of disease increasingly affecting older and socially disadvantaged groups in Western cultures. If left untreated, caries will advance through dentine stimulating pulpitis and eventually pulp infection and necrosis; however, if conservatively managed, pulpal recovery occurs even in deep carious lesions. Traditionally, deep caries management was destructive with nonselective (complete) removal of all carious dentine; however, the promotion of minimally invasive biologically based treatment strategies has been advocated for selective (partial) caries removal and a reduced risk of pulp exposure. Selective caries removal strategies can be one-visit as indirect pulp treatment or two-visit using a stepwise approach. Management strategies for the treatment of the cariously exposed pulp are also shifting with avoidance of pulpectomy and the re-emergence of vital pulp treatment (VPT) techniques such as partial and complete pulpotomy. These changes stem from an improved understanding of the pulp-dentine complex's defensive and reparative response to irritation, with harnessing the release of bioactive dentine matrix components and careful handling of the damaged tissue considered critical. Notably, the development of new pulp capping materials such as mineral trioxide aggregate, which although not an ideal material, has resulted in more predictable treatments from both a histological and a clinical perspective. Unfortunately, the changes in management are only supported by relatively weak evidence with case series, cohort studies and preliminary studies containing low patient numbers forming the bulk of the evidence. As a result, critical questions related to the superiority of one caries removal technique over another, the best pulp capping biomaterial or whether pulp exposure is a negative prognostic factor remain unanswered. There is an urgent need to promote minimally invasive treatment strategies in Operative Dentistry and Endodontology; however, the development of accurate diagnostic tools, evidence-based management strategies and education in management of the exposed pulp are critical in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Bjørndal
- Cariology and Endodontics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - S Simon
- Paris Diderot University, Paris, France.,Hôpital de Rouen Normandie, Rouen, France.,Laboratoire IN SERM UMR 1138, Paris, France
| | - P L Tomson
- School of Dentistry, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Birmingham, UK
| | - H F Duncan
- Division of Restorative Dentistry & Periodontology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin Dental University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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92
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Andrzejewska A, Lukomska B, Janowski M. Concise Review: Mesenchymal Stem Cells: From Roots to Boost. Stem Cells 2019; 37:855-864. [PMID: 30977255 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 303] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
It was shown as long as half a century ago that bone marrow is a source of not only hematopoietic stem cells, but also stem cells of mesenchymal tissues. Then the term "mesenchymal stem cells" (MSCs) was coined in the early 1990s, and more than a decade later, the criteria for defining MSCs have been released by the International Society for Cellular Therapy. The easy derivation from a variety of fetal and adult tissues and undemanding cell culture conditions made MSCs an attractive research object. It was followed by the avalanche of reports from preclinical studies on potentially therapeutic properties of MSCs, such as immunomodulation, trophic support and capability for a spontaneous differentiation into connective tissue cells, and differentiation into the majority of cell types upon specific inductive conditions. Although ontogenesis, niche, and heterogeneity of MSCs are still under investigation, there is a rapid boost of attempts at clinical applications of MSCs, especially for a flood of civilization-driven conditions in so quickly aging societies, not only in the developed countries, but also in the populous developing world. The fields of regenerative medicine and oncology are particularly extensively addressed by MSC applications, in part due to the paucity of traditional therapeutic options for these highly demanding and costly conditions. There are currently almost 1,000 clinical trials registered worldwide at ClinicalTrials.gov, and it seems that we are starting to witness the snowball effect with MSCs becoming a powerful global industry; however, the spectacular effects of MSCs in the clinic still need to be shown. Stem Cells 2019;37:855-864.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Andrzejewska
- NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Barbara Lukomska
- NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Miroslaw Janowski
- NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.,Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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93
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Zhao H, Chappell JC. Microvascular bioengineering: a focus on pericytes. J Biol Eng 2019; 13:26. [PMID: 30984287 PMCID: PMC6444752 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-019-0158-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Capillaries within the microcirculation are essential for oxygen delivery and nutrient/waste exchange, among other critical functions. Microvascular bioengineering approaches have sought to recapitulate many key features of these capillary networks, with an increasing appreciation for the necessity of incorporating vascular pericytes. Here, we briefly review established and more recent insights into important aspects of pericyte identification and function within the microvasculature. We then consider the importance of including vascular pericytes in various bioengineered microvessel platforms including 3D culturing and microfluidic systems. We also discuss how vascular pericytes are a vital component in the construction of computational models that simulate microcirculation phenomena including angiogenesis, microvascular biomechanics, and kinetics of exchange across the vessel wall. In reviewing these topics, we highlight the notion that incorporating pericytes into microvascular bioengineering applications will increase their utility and accelerate the translation of basic discoveries to clinical solutions for vascular-related pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaning Zhao
- Center for Heart and Reparative Medicine, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, 2 Riverside Circle, Roanoke, VA 24016 USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Polytechnic State Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA
| | - John C Chappell
- Center for Heart and Reparative Medicine, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, 2 Riverside Circle, Roanoke, VA 24016 USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Polytechnic State Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA.,3Department of Basic Science Education, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA 24016 USA
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94
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Yang G, Ju Y, Liu S, Zhao S. Lipopolysaccharide upregulates the proliferation, migration, and odontoblastic differentiation of NG2
+
cells from human dental pulp in vitro. Cell Biol Int 2019; 43:1276-1285. [DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guofeng Yang
- Department of Stomatology, Huashan HospitalFudan University Shanghai 200040 P. R. China
| | - Yanqin Ju
- Department of Stomatology, Huashan HospitalFudan University Shanghai 200040 P. R. China
| | - Shangfeng Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Huashan HospitalFudan University Shanghai 200040 P. R. China
| | - Shouliang Zhao
- Department of Stomatology, Huashan HospitalFudan University Shanghai 200040 P. R. China
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95
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Beppu M, Nakagomi T, Takagi T, Nakano-Doi A, Sakuma R, Kuramoto Y, Tatebayashi K, Matsuyama T, Yoshimura S. Isolation and Characterization of Cerebellum-Derived Stem Cells in Poststroke Human Brain. Stem Cells Dev 2019; 28:528-542. [PMID: 30767605 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2018.0232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There is compelling evidence that the mature central nervous system (CNS) harbors stem cell populations outside conventional neurogenic regions. We previously demonstrated that brain pericytes (PCs) in both mouse and human exhibit multipotency to differentiate into various neural lineages following cerebral ischemia. PCs are found throughout the CNS, including cerebellum, but it remains unclear whether cerebellar PCs also form ischemia-induced multipotent stem cells (iSCs). In this study, we demonstrate that putative iSCs can be isolated from poststroke human cerebellum (cerebellar iSCs [cl-iSCs]). These cl-iSCs exhibited multipotency and differentiated into electrophysiologically active neurons. Neurogenic potential was also confirmed in single-cell suspensions. DNA microarray analysis revealed highly similar gene expression patterns between PCs and cl-iSCs, suggesting PC origin. Global gene expression comparison with cerebral iSCs revealed general similarity, but cl-iSCs differentially expressed certain cerebellum-specific genes. Thus, putative iSCs are present in poststroke cerebellum and possess region-specific traits, suggesting potential capacity to regenerate functional cerebellar neurons following ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikiya Beppu
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Takayuki Nakagomi
- 2 Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan.,3 Department of Therapeutic Progress in Brain Diseases, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Toshinori Takagi
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Akiko Nakano-Doi
- 2 Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan.,3 Department of Therapeutic Progress in Brain Diseases, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Rika Sakuma
- 2 Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Yoji Kuramoto
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Kotaro Tatebayashi
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Matsuyama
- 3 Department of Therapeutic Progress in Brain Diseases, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Shinichi Yoshimura
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
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96
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Meredith Smith M, Underwood C, Goral T, Healy C, Johanson Z. Growth and mineralogy in dental plates of the holocephalan Harriotta raleighana (Chondrichthyes): novel dentine and conserved patterning combine to create a unique chondrichthyan dentition. ZOOLOGICAL LETTERS 2019; 5:11. [PMID: 30923631 PMCID: PMC6419362 DOI: 10.1186/s40851-019-0125-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The dentition in extant holocephalans (Chondrichthyes) comprises three pairs of continuously growing dental plates, rather than the separate teeth characterizing elasmobranchs. We investigated how different types of dentine in these plates, including hypermineralized dentine, are arranged, and how this is renewed aborally, in adult and juvenile dentitions of Harriotta raleighana (Rhinochimeridae). Individual plates were analysed using x-ray computed tomography (μCT), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in back scattered mode with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis, and optical microscopy on hard tissue sections. RESULTS Harriotta dental plates are made entirely of dentine tissue, mostly as trabecular dentine, bone itself being absent. Hypermineralized dentine forms in restricted ovoid and tritor spaces within trabecular dentine, inside a shell of outer and inner dentine layers. Trabecular dentine is ubiquitous but changes to sclerotic osteodentine near the oral surface by increasing density, remaining less mineralized than the hypermineralized dentine. All structures are renewed aborally, within a vascular dental pulp, a tissue suggested to be a source of stem cells for tissue renewal. Ca density profiles and concentrations of Mg, P, and Ca ions reveal extreme differences in the level and type of mineralization. Early mineralization in ovoids and tritors has very high levels of Mg, then a sudden increase in mineralization to a high total mineral content, whereas there is gradual change in trabecular dentine, remaining at a low level.Hypermineralized dentine fills the prepatterned ovoid, rod and tritor spaces, early at the aboral surface within the trabecular dentine. Deposition of the hypermineralized dentine (HD, proposed as new specific name, whitlockin replacing pleromin) is from surfaces that are lined with large specialized odontoblasts, (whitloblasts, instead of pleromoblasts) within cell body spaces connecting with extensive, ramifying tubules. Early mineralization occurs amongst this maze of tubules that penetrate far into the dentine, expanding into a mass of saccules and membranous bodies, dominating in the absence of other organic matrix. This early stage has hydroxyapatite, also significantly rich in Mg, initiated as a poorly crystalline phase. In the hypermineralized dentine, formation occurs as clusters of variably shaped crystals, arising from a sudden phase transition. CONCLUSIONS In the hypermineralized dentine, high MgO + CaO + P2O5 suggests that almost pure Mg containing tricalciumphosphate (MgTCP: (ß-Ca3(PO4)2) (whitlockite) is present, with little or no hydroxyapatite. Serial replacement of tritors and ovoids is suggested to occur within the dental plate, probably representing a relic of patterning, as classically found in elasmobranch dentitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moya Meredith Smith
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
- Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum London, London, SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Charlie Underwood
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, London, UK
| | - Tomasz Goral
- Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum London, London, SW7 5BD, UK
- Current address: Center of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Christopher Healy
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Zerina Johanson
- Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum London, London, SW7 5BD, UK
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97
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Abstract
Jaw bones and teeth originate from the first pharyngeal arch and develop in closely related ways. Reciprocal epithelial-mesenchymal interactions are required for the early patterning and morphogenesis of both tissues. Here we review the cellular contribution during the development of the jaw bones and teeth. We also highlight signaling networks as well as transcription factors mediating tissue-tissue interactions that are essential for jaw bone and tooth development. Finally, we discuss the potential for stem cell mediated regenerative therapies to mitigate disorders and injuries that affect these organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yuan
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
| | - Yang Chai
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
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98
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Vidovic-Zdrilic I, Vijaykumar A, Mina M. Activation of αSMA expressing perivascular cells during reactionary dentinogenesis. Int Endod J 2019; 52:68-76. [PMID: 29985533 PMCID: PMC6283699 DOI: 10.1111/iej.12983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIM To examine the contribution of perivascular cells expressing αSMA to reactionary dentinogenesis. METHODOLOGY An inducible, Cre-loxP in vivo fate-mapping approach was used to examine the contribution of the descendants of cells expressing the αSMA-CreERT2 transgene to reactionary dentinogenesis in mice molars. Reactionary dentinogenesis was induced by experimental mild injury to dentine without pulp exposure. The Student's t test was used to determine statistical significance at *P ≤ 0.05. RESULTS The lineage tracing experiments revealed that mild injury to dentine first led to activation of αSMA-tdTomato+ cells in the entire pulp chamber. The percentage of areas occupied by αSMA-tdTomato+ in injured (7.5 ± 0.7%) teeth were significantly higher than in teeth without injury (2 ± 0.5%). After their activation, αSMA-tdTomato+ cells migrated towards the site of injury, gave rise to pulp cells and a few odontoblasts that became integrated into the existing odontoblast layer expressing Col2.3-GFP and Dspp. CONCLUSION Mild insult to dentine activated perivascular αSMA-tdTomato+ cells giving rise to pulp cells as well as a few odontoblasts that were integrated into the pre-existing odontoblast layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Vidovic-Zdrilic
- Departments of Craniofacial Sciences, Division of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - A Vijaykumar
- Departments of Craniofacial Sciences, Division of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - M Mina
- Departments of Craniofacial Sciences, Division of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
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99
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Choi JS, Jeong IS, Han JH, Cheon SH, Kim SW. IL-10-secreting human MSCs generated by TALEN gene editing ameliorate liver fibrosis through enhanced anti-fibrotic activity. Biomater Sci 2019; 7:1078-1087. [DOI: 10.1039/c8bm01347k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin 10 secreting genome-edited MSCs inhibited liver fibrosis and ameliorated abnormal liver function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ja Sung Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine
- Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine
- International St. Mary's Hospital
- Incheon
- Republic of Korea
| | - In Sil Jeong
- Department Medicine
- Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine
- Gangneung
- Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Hye Han
- Department Medicine
- Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine
- Gangneung
- Republic of Korea
| | - Sae Hee Cheon
- Department of Dental Hygiene
- Masan University
- Masan
- Korea
| | - Sung-Whan Kim
- Department Medicine
- Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine
- Gangneung
- Republic of Korea
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100
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Lee LL, Chintalgattu V. Pericytes in the Heart. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1122:187-210. [PMID: 30937870 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-11093-2_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mural cells known as pericytes envelop the endothelial layer of microvessels throughout the body and have been described to have tissue-specific functions. Cardiac pericytes are abundantly found in the heart, but they are relatively understudied. Currently, their importance is emerging in cardiovascular homeostasis and dysfunction due to their pleiotropism. They are known to play key roles in vascular tone and vascular integrity as well as angiogenesis. However, their dysfunctional presence and/or absence is critical in the mechanisms that lead to cardiac pathologies such as myocardial infarction, fibrosis, and thrombosis. Moreover, they are targeted as a therapeutic potential due to their mesenchymal properties that could allow them to repair and regenerate a damaged heart. They are also sought after as a cell-based therapy based on their healing potential in preclinical studies of animal models of myocardial infarction. Therefore, recognizing the importance of cardiac pericytes and understanding their biology will lead to new therapeutic concepts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda L Lee
- Department of CardioMetabolic Disorders, Amgen Research and Discovery, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Vishnu Chintalgattu
- Department of CardioMetabolic Disorders, Amgen Research and Discovery, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA.
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