51
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Paradisi A, Lancellotti L, Borsari M, Bellei M, Bortolotti CA, Di Rocco G, Ranieri A, Sola M, Battistuzzi G. Met80 and Tyr67 affect the chemical unfolding of yeast cytochrome c: comparing the solution vs.immobilized state. RSC Chem Biol 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cb00115e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The motional regime affects the unfolding propensity and axial heme coordination of the Met80Ala and Met80Ala/Tyr67Ala variants of yeast iso-1 cytochromec.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lidia Lancellotti
- Department of Chemistry and Geology
- University of Modena and Reggio Emilia
- 41126 Modena
- Italy
| | - Marco Borsari
- Department of Chemistry and Geology
- University of Modena and Reggio Emilia
- 41126 Modena
- Italy
| | - Marzia Bellei
- Department of Life Sciences
- University of Modena and Reggio Emilia
- 41126 Modena
- Italy
| | | | - Giulia Di Rocco
- Department of Life Sciences
- University of Modena and Reggio Emilia
- 41126 Modena
- Italy
| | - Antonio Ranieri
- Department of Life Sciences
- University of Modena and Reggio Emilia
- 41126 Modena
- Italy
| | - Marco Sola
- Department of Life Sciences
- University of Modena and Reggio Emilia
- 41126 Modena
- Italy
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52
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Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in heart disease. Exp Mol Med 2019; 51:1-13. [PMID: 31857574 PMCID: PMC6923355 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-019-0355-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 458] [Impact Index Per Article: 91.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Beyond their role as a cellular powerhouse, mitochondria are emerging as integral players in molecular signaling and cell fate determination through reactive oxygen species (ROS). While ROS production has historically been portrayed as an unregulated process driving oxidative stress and disease pathology, contemporary studies reveal that ROS also facilitate normal physiology. Mitochondria are especially abundant in cardiac tissue; hence, mitochondrial dysregulation and ROS production are thought to contribute significantly to cardiac pathology. Moreover, there is growing appreciation that medical therapies designed to mediate mitochondrial ROS production can be important strategies to ameliorate cardiac disease. In this review, we highlight evidence from animal models that illustrates the strong connections between mitochondrial ROS and cardiac disease, discuss advancements in the development of mitochondria-targeted antioxidant therapies, and identify challenges faced in bringing such therapies into the clinic. Heart disease progression could be tackled by targeting signaling molecules that cause oxidative stress. Jennifer Kwong at Emory University School of Medicine in Atlanta, USA, and co-workers reviewed research into the role of mitochondria and their associated signaling molecules in the development of heart disease. Mitochondria are a major source of reactive oxygen species (ROS), signaling molecules involved in muscle contraction and calcium transfer in the heart, but they also destroy ROS to maintain a balance. Disruption to this balance can lead to elevated ROS, causing DNA and cellular damage, triggering disease. Animal trials using drugs to target mitochondrial ROS show promise in limiting heart disease progression. Further research is needed to determine whether this approach will work in humans and which specific heart problems might benefit from such therapies.
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53
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The Role of Cardiolipin and Mitochondrial Damage in Kidney Transplant. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:3836186. [PMID: 31885786 PMCID: PMC6899302 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3836186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is highly incident and prevalent in the world. The death of patients with CKD is primarily due to cardiovascular disease. Renal transplantation (RT) emerges as the best management alternative for patients with CKD. However, the incidence of acute renal graft dysfunction is 11.8% of the related living donor and 17.4% of the cadaveric donor. Anticardiolipin antibodies (ACAs) or antiphospholipid antibodies (APAs) are important risk factors for acute renal graft dysfunction. The determination of ACA or APA to candidates for RT could serve as prognostic markers of early graft failure and would indicate which patients could benefit from anticoagulant therapy. Cardiolipin is a fundamental molecule that plays an important role in the adequate conformation of the mitochondrial cristae and the correct assembly of the mitochondrial respiratory supercomplexes and other proteins essential for proper mitochondrial function. Cardiolipin undergoes a nonrandom oxidation process by having pronounced specificity unrelated to the polyunsaturation pattern of its acyl groups. Accumulation of hydroxyl derivatives and cardiolipin hydroperoxides has been observed in the affected tissues, and recent studies showed that oxidation of cardiolipin is carried out by a cardiolipin-specific peroxidase activity of cardiolipin-bound cytochrome c. Cardiolipin could be responsible for the proapoptotic production of death signals. Cardiolipin modulates the production of energy and participates in inflammation, mitophagy, and cellular apoptosis. The determination of cardiolipin or its antibodies is an attractive therapeutic, diagnostic target in RT and kidney diseases.
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54
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Chea EE, Deredge DJ, Jones LM. Insights on the Conformational Ensemble of Cyt C Reveal a Compact State during Peroxidase Activity. Biophys J 2019; 118:128-137. [PMID: 31810655 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2019.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome c (cyt c) is known for its role in the electron transport chain but transitions to a peroxidase-active state upon exposure to oxidative species. The peroxidase activity ultimately results in the release of cyt c into the cytosol for the engagement of apoptosis. The accumulation of oxidative modifications that accompany the onset of the peroxidase function are well-characterized. However, the concurrent structural and conformational transitions of cyt c remain undercharacterized. Fast photochemical oxidation of proteins (FPOP) coupled with mass spectrometry is a protein footprinting technique used to structurally characterize proteins. FPOP coupled with native ion mobility separation shows that exposure to H2O2 results in the accumulation of a compact state of cyt c. Subsequent top-down fragmentation to localize FPOP modifications reveals changes in heme coordination between conformers. A time-resolved functional assay suggests that this compact conformer is peroxidase active. Altogether, combining FPOP, ion mobility separation, and top-down and bottom-up mass spectrometry allows us to discern individual conformations in solution and obtain a better understanding of the conformational ensemble and structural transitions of cyt c as it transitions from a respiratory role to a proapoptotic role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily E Chea
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Daniel J Deredge
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Lisa M Jones
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland.
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55
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Zhu J, Jiang M, Ma H, Zhang H, Cheng W, Li J, Cai L, Han XX, Zhao B. Redox‐State‐Mediated Regulation of Cytochrome c Release in Apoptosis Revealed by Surface‐Enhanced Raman Scattering on Nickel Substrates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201909638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinyu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials Jilin University Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Muwei Jiang
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine School of Life Science Jilin University Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Hao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials Jilin University Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Haijing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials Jilin University Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Weina Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials Jilin University Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Junbo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials Jilin University Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Linjun Cai
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine School of Life Science Jilin University Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Xiao Xia Han
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials Jilin University Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Bing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials Jilin University Changchun 130012 P. R. China
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56
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Parui PP, Sarakar Y, Majumder R, Das S, Yang H, Yasuhara K, Hirota S. Determination of proton concentration at cardiolipin-containing membrane interfaces and its relation with the peroxidase activity of cytochrome c. Chem Sci 2019; 10:9140-9151. [PMID: 31827756 PMCID: PMC6889831 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc02993a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The activities of biomolecules are affected by the proton concentrations at biological membranes. Here, we succeeded in evaluating the interface proton concentration (-log[H+] defined as pH') of cardiolipin (CL)-enriched membrane models of the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM) using a spiro-rhodamine-glucose molecule (RHG). According to fluorescence microscopy and 1H-NMR studies, RHG interacted with the Stern layer of the membrane. The acid/base equilibrium of RHG between its protonated open form (o-RHG) and deprotonated closed spiro-form (c-RHG) at the membrane interface was monitored with UV-vis absorption and fluorescence spectra. The interface pH' of 25% cardiolipin (CL)-containing large unilamellar vesicles (LUVs), which possess similar lipid properties to those of the IMM, was estimated to be ∼3.9, when the bulk pH was similar to the mitochondrial intermembrane space pH (6.8). However, for the membranes containing mono-anionic lipids, the interface pH' was estimated to be ∼5.3 at bulk pH 6.8, indicating that the local negative charges of the lipid headgroups in the lipid membranes are responsible for the deviation of the interface pH' from the bulk pH. The peroxidase activity of cyt c increased 5-7 fold upon lowering the pH to 3.9-4.3 or adding CL-containing (10-25% of total lipids) LUVs compared to that at bulk pH 6.8, indicating that the pH' decrease at the IMM interface from the bulk pH enhances the peroxidase activity of cyt c. The peroxidase activity of cyt c at the membrane interface of tetraoleoyl CL (TOCL)-enriched (50% of total lipids) LUVs was higher than that estimated from the interface pH', while the peroxidase activity was similar to that estimated from the interface pH' for tetramyristoyl CL (TMCL)-enriched LUVs, supporting the hypothesis that when interacting with TOCL (not TMCL), cyt c opens the heme crevice to substrates. The present simple methodology allows us to estimate the interface proton concentrations of complex biological membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Partha Pratim Parui
- Department of Chemistry , Jadavpur University , Kolkata 700032 , India . ; ; Tel: +91-9433490492
- Division of Materials Science , Nara Institute of Science and Technology , Nara 630-0192 , Japan
| | - Yeasmin Sarakar
- Department of Chemistry , Jadavpur University , Kolkata 700032 , India . ; ; Tel: +91-9433490492
| | - Rini Majumder
- Department of Chemistry , Jadavpur University , Kolkata 700032 , India . ; ; Tel: +91-9433490492
| | - Sanju Das
- Department of Chemistry , Jadavpur University , Kolkata 700032 , India . ; ; Tel: +91-9433490492
- Department of Chemistry , Maulana Azad College , Kolkata 700013 , India
| | - Hongxu Yang
- Division of Materials Science , Nara Institute of Science and Technology , Nara 630-0192 , Japan
| | - Kazuma Yasuhara
- Division of Materials Science , Nara Institute of Science and Technology , Nara 630-0192 , Japan
| | - Shun Hirota
- Division of Materials Science , Nara Institute of Science and Technology , Nara 630-0192 , Japan
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57
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Vamecq J, Papegay B, Nuyens V, Boogaerts J, Leo O, Kruys V. Mitochondrial dysfunction, AMPK activation and peroxisomal metabolism: A coherent scenario for non-canonical 3-methylglutaconic acidurias. Biochimie 2019; 168:53-82. [PMID: 31626852 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2019.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The occurrence of 3-methylglutaconic aciduria (3-MGA) is a well understood phenomenon in leucine oxidation and ketogenesis disorders (primary 3-MGAs). In contrast, its genesis in non-canonical (secondary) 3-MGAs, a growing-up group of disorders encompassing more than a dozen of inherited metabolic diseases, is a mystery still remaining unresolved for three decades. To puzzle out this anthologic problem of metabolism, three clues were considered: (i) the variety of disorders suggests a common cellular target at the cross-road of metabolic and signaling pathways, (ii) the response to leucine loading test only discriminative for primary but not secondary 3-MGAs suggests these latter are disorders of extramitochondrial HMG-CoA metabolism as also attested by their failure to increase 3-hydroxyisovalerate, a mitochondrial metabolite accumulating only in primary 3-MGAs, (iii) the peroxisome is an extramitochondrial site possessing its own pool and displaying metabolism of HMG-CoA, suggesting its possible involvement in producing extramitochondrial 3-methylglutaconate (3-MG). Following these clues provides a unifying common basis to non-canonical 3-MGAs: constitutive mitochondrial dysfunction induces AMPK activation which, by inhibiting early steps in cholesterol and fatty acid syntheses, pipelines cytoplasmic acetyl-CoA to peroxisomes where a rise in HMG-CoA followed by local dehydration and hydrolysis may lead to 3-MGA yield. Additional contributors are considered, notably for 3-MGAs associated with hyperammonemia, and to a lesser extent in CLPB deficiency. Metabolic and signaling itineraries followed by the proposed scenario are essentially sketched, being provided with compelling evidence from the literature coming in their support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Vamecq
- Inserm, CHU Lille, Univ Lille, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Laboratory of Hormonology, Metabolism-Nutrition & Oncology (HMNO), Center of Biology and Pathology (CBP) Pierre-Marie Degand, CHRU Lille, EA 7364 RADEME, University of North France, Lille, France.
| | - Bérengère Papegay
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine (ULB unit 222), University Hospital Center, Charleroi, (CHU Charleroi), Belgium
| | - Vincent Nuyens
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine (ULB unit 222), University Hospital Center, Charleroi, (CHU Charleroi), Belgium
| | - Jean Boogaerts
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine (ULB unit 222), University Hospital Center, Charleroi, (CHU Charleroi), Belgium
| | - Oberdan Leo
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Molecular Biology, ULB Immunology Research Center (UIRC), Free University of Brussels (ULB), Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Véronique Kruys
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of the Gene, Department of Molecular Biology, ULB Immunology Research Center (UIRC), Free University of Brussels (ULB), Gosselies, Belgium
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58
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Elmer-Dixon MM, Hoody J, Steele HBB, Becht DC, Bowler BE. Cardiolipin Preferentially Partitions to the Inner Leaflet of Mixed Lipid Large Unilamellar Vesicles. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:9111-9122. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b07690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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59
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Deng Y, Weaver ML, Hoke KR, Pletneva EV. A Heme Propionate Staples the Structure of Cytochrome c for Methionine Ligation to the Heme Iron. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:14085-14106. [PMID: 31589413 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b02111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Ligand-switch reactions at the heme iron are common in biological systems, but their mechanisms and the features of the polypeptide fold that support dual ligation are not well understood. In cytochrome c (cyt c), two low-stability loops (Ω-loop C and Ω-loop D) are connected by the heme propionate HP6. At alkaline pH, the native Met80 ligand from Ω-loop D switches to a Lys residue from the same loop. Deprotonation of an as yet unknown group triggers the alkaline transition. We have created the two cyt c variants T49V/K79G and T78V/K79G with altered connections of these two loops to HP6. Electronic absorption, NMR, and EPR studies demonstrate that at pH 7.4 ferric forms of these variants are Lys-ligated, whereas ferrous forms maintain the native Met80 ligation. Measurements of protein stability, cyclic voltammetry, pH-jump and gated electron-transfer kinetics have revealed that these Thr to Val substitutions greatly affect the alkaline transition in both ferric and ferrous proteins. The substitutions modify the stability of the Met-ligated species and reduction potentials of the heme iron. The kinetics of ligand-switch processes are also altered, and analyses of these effects implicate redox-dependent differences in metal-ligand interactions and the role of the protein dynamics, including cross-talk between the two Ω-loops. With the two destabilized variants, it is possible to map energy levels for the Met- and Lys-ligated species in both ferric and ferrous proteins and assess the role of the protein scaffold in redox-dependent preferences for these two ligands. The estimated shift in the heme iron reduction potential upon deprotonation of the "trigger" group is consistent with those associated with deprotonation of an HP, suggesting that HP6, on its own or as a part of a hydrogen-bonded cluster, is a likely "trigger" for the Met to Lys ligand switch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunling Deng
- Department of Chemistry , Dartmouth College , Hanover , New Hampshire 03755 , United States
| | - Madeline L Weaver
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Berry College , Mount Berry , Georgia 30149 , United States
| | - Kevin R Hoke
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Berry College , Mount Berry , Georgia 30149 , United States
| | - Ekaterina V Pletneva
- Department of Chemistry , Dartmouth College , Hanover , New Hampshire 03755 , United States
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60
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Zhu J, Jiang M, Ma H, Zhang H, Cheng W, Li J, Cai L, Han XX, Zhao B. Redox-State-Mediated Regulation of Cytochrome c Release in Apoptosis Revealed by Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering on Nickel Substrates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:16499-16503. [PMID: 31486254 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201909638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The interaction of cytochrome c (Cyt c) with cardiolipin (CL) is believed to play an important role in the initial events of apoptosis. Herein, we investigate the structural changes of CL-bound Fe2+ Cyt c and the correlation with Cyt c release through surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) on nickel substrates. The SERS results together with molecular dynamics simulation reveal that Fe2+ Cyt c undergoes autoxidation and a relatively larger conformational alteration after binding with CL, inducing higher peroxidase activity of Cyt c and higher permeability of the CL membrane compared with those induced by the Fe3+ Cyt c. The proapoptotic activity and SERS effect of the Ni nanostructures allow the in situ study of the redox-state-dependent Cyt c release from isolated mitochondria, which reveals for the first time that the ferrous state of Cyt c most likely plays a more important role in triggering apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Muwei Jiang
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Hao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Haijing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Weina Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Junbo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Linjun Cai
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Xia Han
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Bing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
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61
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Vladimirov GK, Remenshchikov VE, Nesterova AM, Volkov VV, Vladimirov YA. Comparison of the Size and Properties of the Cytochrome c/Cardiolipin Nanospheres in a Sediment and Non-polar Medium. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2019; 84:923-930. [PMID: 31522674 DOI: 10.1134/s000629791908008x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis, as the major type of programmed cell death, plays an important role in the organism renewal and removal of defective and transformed cells, including cancer cells. One of the earliest apoptotic events is lipid peroxidation in the inner mitochondrial membrane catalyzed by a complex of cytochrome c (CytC) with the mitochondrial phospholipid cardiolipin (CL). It was shown that mixing CytC and CL solutions results in the formation of CytC/CL complexes (Cyt-CL nanospheres) with a diameter of 11-12 nm composed of the molten globule protein molecule and a CL monolayer. Using the methods of dynamic light scattering for the Cyt-CL chloroform solution and small-angle X-ray scattering for the Cyt-CL sediment, it was found that in both cases, Cyt-CL formed nanospheres with a diameter of 8 and 11 nm, which corresponded to the earlier determined lipid/protein ratios of 13-14 and 35-50, respectively. These results showed that the Cyt-CL nanospheres can form not only during crystallization but also in a hydrophobic medium. CytC in the complex exists as a molten globule, as evidenced by the emergence of tryptophan and tyrosine fluorescence (absent in the native protein) due to the Förster resonance transfer of the electron excitation energy onto the heme. At the same time, the coordinate bond between the heme iron and the sulfur atom of methionine 80 in Cyt-CL is disrupted (the absorption band at ~700 nm disappears). Similar disruption of the iron-sulfur bond in Cyt-CL was observed in 50% methanol. These changes were reversible, which corroborates the conclusion on the CytC transition to the molten globule conformation in methanol-containing solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- G K Vladimirov
- Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography, Crystallography and Photonics Federal Scientific Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119333, Russia. .,Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Public Health of Russian Federation, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - V E Remenshchikov
- Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography, Crystallography and Photonics Federal Scientific Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119333, Russia
| | - A M Nesterova
- Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography, Crystallography and Photonics Federal Scientific Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119333, Russia.,Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Public Health of Russian Federation, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - V V Volkov
- Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography, Crystallography and Photonics Federal Scientific Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119333, Russia.,Kurchatov National Institute Research Center, Moscow, 123182, Russia
| | - Yu A Vladimirov
- Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography, Crystallography and Photonics Federal Scientific Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119333, Russia.,Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Public Health of Russian Federation, Moscow, 119991, Russia.,Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Public Health of Russian Federation, Moscow, 117997, Russia.,Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, Moscow, 119991, Russia
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62
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Cytochrome c: An extreme multifunctional protein with a key role in cell fate. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 136:1237-1246. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.06.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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63
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Szymkowicz L, Lento C, Wilson DJ. Impact of Cardiolipin and Phosphatidylcholine Interactions on the Conformational Ensemble of Cytochrome c. Biochemistry 2019; 58:3617-3626. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.9b00495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Szymkowicz
- Department of Chemistry, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M3J 1P3
| | - Cristina Lento
- Department of Chemistry, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M3J 1P3
| | - Derek J. Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M3J 1P3
- Centre for Research in Mass Spectrometry, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M3J 1P3
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64
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Lei H, Nold SM, Motta LJ, Bowler BE. Effect of V83G and I81A Substitutions to Human Cytochrome c on Acid Unfolding and Peroxidase Activity below a Neutral pH. Biochemistry 2019; 58:2921-2933. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.9b00295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haotian Lei
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812, United States
- Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812, United States
| | - Shiloh M. Nold
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812, United States
| | - Luis Jung Motta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812, United States
| | - Bruce E. Bowler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812, United States
- Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812, United States
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65
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Covalent Modification by Glyoxals Converts Cytochrome c Into its Apoptotically Competent State. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4781. [PMID: 30886207 PMCID: PMC6423144 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41282-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of glycation by glyoxal (Gly) and methylglyoxal (MGly) on the early and late conformational alterations in Cytochrome c (Cyt c) were studied. Spectroscopic measurements revealed that Cyt c undergo certain conformational alterations and exposure of heme upon overnight incubation with Gly and MGly. These were followed by the reduction of heme centre and activation of its peroxidase-like, which is crucial for initiation of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. An extended incubation resulted in appearance of AGE-like fluorescence, with significant alterations in secondary structural compositions. However, no amyloidogenic conversions were observed as suggested by TEM analyses. The study provides an insight to the role of glycating agents, elevated under oxidative stress in inducing Cyt c release and apoptosis.
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66
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Li M, Mandal A, Tyurin VA, DeLucia M, Ahn J, Kagan VE, van der Wel PCA. Surface-Binding to Cardiolipin Nanodomains Triggers Cytochrome c Pro-apoptotic Peroxidase Activity via Localized Dynamics. Structure 2019; 27:806-815.e4. [PMID: 30879887 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2019.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The peroxidation of cardiolipins by reactive oxygen species, which is regulated and enhanced by cytochrome c (cyt c), is a critical signaling event in mitochondrial apoptosis. We probe the molecular underpinnings of this mitochondrial death signal through structural and functional studies of horse heart cyt c binding to mixed-lipid membranes containing cardiolipin with mono- and polyunsaturated acyl chains. Lipidomics reveal the selective oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) cardiolipin (CL), while multidimensional solid-state NMR probes the structure and dynamics of the membrane and the peripherally bound protein. The hydrophilic milieu at the membrane interface stabilizes a native-like fold, but also leads to localized flexibility at the membrane-interacting protein face. PUFA CL acts as both a preferred substrate and a dynamic regulator by affecting the dynamics of the cyt c N70-I85 Ω loop, which covers the heme cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Li
- Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Abhishek Mandal
- Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Vladimir A Tyurin
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Maria DeLucia
- Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Jinwoo Ahn
- Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Valerian E Kagan
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Laboratory of Navigational Redox Lipidomics, IM Sechenov Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119146, Russian Federation
| | - Patrick C A van der Wel
- Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
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67
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Fang X, Sokol KP, Heidary N, Kandiel TA, Zhang JZ, Reisner E. Structure-Activity Relationships of Hierarchical Three-Dimensional Electrodes with Photosystem II for Semiartificial Photosynthesis. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:1844-1850. [PMID: 30689393 PMCID: PMC6421575 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b04935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Semiartificial photosynthesis integrates photosynthetic enzymes with artificial electronics, which is an emerging approach to reroute the natural photoelectrogenetic pathways for sustainable fuel and chemical synthesis. However, the reduced catalytic activity of enzymes in bioelectrodes limits the overall performance and further applications in fuel production. Here, we show new insights into factors that affect the photoelectrogenesis in a model system consisting of photosystem II and three-dimensional indium tin oxide and graphene electrodes. Confocal fluorescence microscopy and in situ surface-sensitive infrared spectroscopy are employed to probe the enzyme distribution and penetration within electrode scaffolds of different structures, which is further correlated with protein film-photoelectrochemistry to establish relationships between the electrode architecture and enzyme activity. We find that the hierarchical structure of electrodes mainly influences the protein loading but not the enzyme activity. Photoactivity is more limited by light intensity and electronic communication at the biointerface. This study provides guidelines for maximizing the performance of semiartificial photosynthesis and also presents a set of methodologies to probe the photoactive biofilms in three-dimensional electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Fang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Katarzyna P. Sokol
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Nina Heidary
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Tarek A. Kandiel
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Sohag
University, Sohag 82524, Egypt
| | - Jenny Z. Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Erwin Reisner
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
- E-mail:
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68
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Lamade AM, Kenny EM, Anthonymuthu TS, Soysal E, Clark RSB, Kagan VE, Bayır H. Aiming for the target: Mitochondrial drug delivery in traumatic brain injury. Neuropharmacology 2019; 145:209-219. [PMID: 30009835 PMCID: PMC6309489 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are a keystone of neuronal function, serving a dual role as sustainer of life and harbinger of death. While mitochondria are indispensable for energy production, a dysregulated mitochondrial network can spell doom for both neurons and the functions they provide. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a complex and biphasic injury, often affecting children and young adults. The primary pathological mechanism of TBI is mechanical, too rapid to be mitigated by anything but prevention. However, the secondary injury of TBI evolves over hours and days after the initial insult providing a window of opportunity for intervention. As a nexus point of both survival and death during this second phase, targeting mitochondrial pathology in TBI has long been an attractive strategy. Often these attempts are mired by efficacy-limiting unintended off-target effects. Specific delivery to and enrichment of therapeutics at their submitochondrial site of action can reduce deleterious effects and increase potency. Mitochondrial drug localization is accomplished using (1) the mitochondrial membrane potential, (2) affinity of a carrier to mitochondria-specific components (e.g. lipids), (3) piggybacking on the cells own mitochondria trafficking systems, or (4) nanoparticle-based approaches. In this review, we briefly consider the mitochondrial delivery strategies and drug targets that illustrate the promise of these mitochondria-specific approaches in the design of TBI pharmacotherapy. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled "Novel Treatments for Traumatic Brain Injury".
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Lamade
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Kenny
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Tamil S Anthonymuthu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Elif Soysal
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Robert S B Clark
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Valerian E Kagan
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Laboratory of Navigational Redox Lipidomics in Biomedicine, Department of Human Pathology, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Russian Federation
| | - Hülya Bayır
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Children's Neuroscience Institute, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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69
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Milorey B, Schweitzer-Stenner R, Kurbaj R, Malyshka D. pH-Induced Switch between Different Modes of Cytochrome c Binding to Cardiolipin-Containing Liposomes. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:1386-1400. [PMID: 31459406 PMCID: PMC6647999 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b02574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence, visible circular dichroism (CD), absorption, and resonance Raman spectroscopy techniques were combined to explore structural changes of ferricytochrome c upon its binding to cardiolipin-containing liposomes (20% 1,1',1,2'-tetraoleyolcardiolipin and 1,2-deoleyol-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) at acidic pH (6.5). According to the earlier work of Kawai [J. Biol. Chem.2005, 280, 34709-347171],cytochrome c binding at this pH is governed by interactions between the phosphate head groups of cardiolipin and amino acid side chains of the so-called L-site, which contains the charged residues K22, K25, K27, and potentially H26 and H33. We found that L-site binding causes a conformational transition that involves a change of the protein's ligation and spin state. In this paper, we report spectroscopic responses to an increasing number of cardiolipin-containing liposomes at pH 6.5 in the absence and presence of NaCl. The latter was found to mostly inhibit protein binding already with 50 mM concentration. The inhibition effect can be quantitatively reproduced by applying the electrostatic theory of Heimburg [Biophys. J.1995, 68, 536-546]. A comparison with corresponding spectroscopic response data obtained at pH 7.4 reveals major differences in that the latter indicates hydrophobic binding, followed by an electrostatically driven conformational change. Visible CD data suggest that structural changes in the heme pocket of liposome-bound ferricytochrome c resemble to some extent those in the denatured protein in urea at neutral and acidic pH. The measured noncoincidence between absorption and CD Soret band of cytochrome c in the presence of a large access of cardiolipin is caused by the electric field at the membrane surface. The very fact that its contribution to the internal electric field in the heme pocket is detectable by spectroscopic means suggests some penetration of the protein into membrane surface.
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70
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Ben-Zichri S, Kolusheva S, Danilenko M, Ossikbayeva S, Stabbert WJ, Poggio JL, Stein DE, Orynbayeva Z, Jelinek R. Cardiolipin mediates curcumin interactions with mitochondrial membranes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2019; 1861:75-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2018.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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71
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Szeto HH, Liu S. Cardiolipin-targeted peptides rejuvenate mitochondrial function, remodel mitochondria, and promote tissue regeneration during aging. Arch Biochem Biophys 2018; 660:137-148. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2018.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Revised: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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72
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Minocycline prevents peroxidative permeabilization of cardiolipin-containing bilayer lipid membranes mediated by cytochrome c. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 507:510-513. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.11.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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73
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Sun P, Wang Q, Yuan B, Zhu Q, Jiang B, Li C, Lan W, Cao C, Zhang X, Liu M. Monitoring alkaline transitions of yeast iso-1 cytochrome c at natural isotopic abundance using trimethyllysine as a native NMR probe. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:12630-12633. [PMID: 30351312 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc07605g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Spectral overlap makes it difficult to use NMR for mapping the conformational profile of heterogeneous conformational ensembles of macromolecules. Here, we apply a 1H-14N HSQC experiment to monitor the alkaline conformational transitions of yeast iso-1 cytochrome c (ycyt c) at natural isotopic abundance. Trimethylated Lys72 of ycyt c is selectively detected by a 1H-14N HSQC experiment, and used as a probe to trace conformational transitions of ycyt c under alkaline conditions. It was found that at least four different conformers of ycyt c coexisted under alkaline conditions. Besides the native structure, Lys73 or Lys79 coordinated conformers and a partially unfolded state with exposed heme were observed. These results indicate that the method is powerful at simplifying spectra of a trimethylated protein, which makes it possible to study complex conformational transitions of naturally extracted or chemically modified trimethylated protein at natural isotopic abundance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan National Center for Magnetic Resonance, CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.
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74
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Deng Y, Zhong F, Alden SL, Hoke KR, Pletneva EV. The K79G Mutation Reshapes the Heme Crevice and Alters Redox Properties of Cytochrome c. Biochemistry 2018; 57:5827-5840. [PMID: 30142276 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.8b00650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The two roles of cytochrome c (cyt c), in oxidative phosphorylation and apoptosis, critically depend on redox properties of its heme iron center. The K79G mutant has served as a parent protein for a series of mutants of yeast iso-1 cyt c. The mutation preserves the Met80 coordination to the heme iron, as found in WT* (K72A/C102S), and many spectroscopic properties of K79G and WT* are indistinguishable. The K79G mutation does not alter the global stability, fold, rate of Met80 dissociation, or thermodynamics of the alkaline transition (p Ka) of the protein. However, the reduction potential of the heme iron decreases; further, the p KH of the trigger group and the rate of the Met-to-Lys ligand exchange associated with the alkaline transition decrease, suggesting changes in the environment of the heme. The rates of electron self-exchange and bimolecular electron transfer (ET) with positively charged inorganic complexes increase, as does the intrinsic peroxidase activity. Analysis of the reaction rates suggests that there is increased accessibility of the heme edge in K79G and supports the importance of the Lys79 site for bimolecular ET reactions of cyt c, including those with some of its native redox partners. Structural modeling rationalizes the observed effects to arise from changes in the volume of the heme pocket and solvent accessibility of the heme group. Kinetic and structural analyses of WT* characterize the properties of the heme crevice of this commonly employed reference variant. This study highlights the important role of Lys79 for defining functional redox properties of cyt c.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunling Deng
- Department of Chemistry , Dartmouth College , Hanover , New Hampshire 03755 , United States
| | - Fangfang Zhong
- Department of Chemistry , Dartmouth College , Hanover , New Hampshire 03755 , United States
| | - Stephanie L Alden
- Department of Chemistry , Dartmouth College , Hanover , New Hampshire 03755 , United States
| | - Kevin R Hoke
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Berry College , Mount Berry , Georgia 30149 , United States
| | - Ekaterina V Pletneva
- Department of Chemistry , Dartmouth College , Hanover , New Hampshire 03755 , United States
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75
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Elmer-Dixon MM, Bowler BE. Electrostatic Constituents of the Interaction of Cardiolipin with Site A of Cytochrome c. Biochemistry 2018; 57:5683-5695. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.8b00704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Margaret M. Elmer-Dixon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for Bimolecular Structure and Dynamics, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812, United States
| | - Bruce E. Bowler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for Bimolecular Structure and Dynamics, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812, United States
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76
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Anthonymuthu TS, Kenny EM, Lamade AM, Kagan VE, Bayır H. Oxidized phospholipid signaling in traumatic brain injury. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 124:493-503. [PMID: 29964171 PMCID: PMC6098726 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a major contributor to secondary injury signaling cascades following traumatic brain injury (TBI). The role of lipid peroxidation in the pathophysiology of a traumatic insult to neural tissue is increasingly recognized. As the methods to quantify lipid peroxidation have gradually improved, so has the understanding of mechanistic details of lipid peroxidation and related signaling events in the injury pathogenesis. While free-radical mediated, non-enzymatic lipid peroxidation has long been studied, recent advances in redox lipidomics have demonstrated the significant contribution of enzymatic lipid peroxidation to TBI pathogenesis. Complex interactions between inflammation, phospholipid peroxidation, and hydrolysis define the engagement of different cell death programs and the severity of injury and outcome. This review focuses on enzymatic phospholipid peroxidation after TBI, including the mechanism of production, signaling roles in secondary injury pathology, and temporal course of production with respect to inflammatory response. In light of the newly identified phospholipid oxidation mechanisms, we also discuss possible therapeutic targets to improve neurocognitive outcome after TBI. Finally, we discuss current limitations in identifying oxidized phospholipids and possible methodologic improvements that can offer a deeper insight into the region-specific distribution and subcellular localization of phospholipid oxidation after TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamil S Anthonymuthu
- Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, United States; Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States
| | - Elizabeth M Kenny
- Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, United States; Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States
| | - Andrew M Lamade
- Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, United States; Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States
| | - Valerian E Kagan
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States; Laboratory of Navigational Redox Lipidomics in Biomedicine, Department of Human Pathology, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Russian Federation
| | - Hülya Bayır
- Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, United States; Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States; Children's Neuroscience Institute, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, United States.
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77
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Schweitzer-Stenner R. Relating the multi-functionality of cytochrome c to membrane binding and structural conversion. Biophys Rev 2018; 10:1151-1185. [PMID: 29574621 PMCID: PMC6082307 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-018-0409-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome c is known as an electron-carrying protein in the respiratory chain of mitochondria. Over the last 20 years, however, alternative functions of this very versatile protein have become the focus of research interests. Upon binding to anionic lipids such as cardiolipin, the protein acquires peroxidase activity. Multiple lines of evidence suggest that this requires a conformational change of the protein which involves partial unfolding of its tertiary structure. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge of how cytochrome c interacts with cardiolipin-containing surfaces and how this affects its structure and function. In this context, we delineate partially conflicting results regarding the affinity of cytochrome c binding to cardiolipin-containing liposomes of different size and its influence on the structure of the protein and the morphology of the membrane.
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78
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How cardiolipin peroxidation alters the properties of the inner mitochondrial membrane? Chem Phys Lipids 2018; 214:15-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2018.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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79
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Structure of the complex of cytochrome c with cardiolipin in non-polar environment. Chem Phys Lipids 2018; 214:35-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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80
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Abstract
Met80, one of the heme iron ligands in cytochrome c (cyt c), is readily oxidized to Met sulfoxide (Met-SO) by several biologically relevant oxidants. The modification has been suggested to affect both the electron-transfer (ET) and apoptotic functions of this metalloprotein. The coordination of the heme iron in Met-oxidized cyt c (Met-SO cyt c) is critical for both of these functions but has remained poorly defined. We present electronic absorption, NMR, and EPR spectroscopic investigations as well as kinetic studies and mutational analyses to identify the heme iron ligands in yeast iso-1 Met-SO cyt c. Similar to the alkaline form of native cyt c, Lys73 and Lys79 ligate to the ferric heme iron in the Met80-oxidized protein, but this coordination takes place at much lower pH. The ferrous heme iron is ligated by Met-SO, implying the redox-linked ligand switch in the modified protein. Binding studies with the model peptide microperoxidase-8 provide a rationale for alterations in ligation and for the role of the polypeptide packing in native and Met-SO cyt c. Imidazole binding experiments have revealed that Lys dissociation from the ferric heme in K73A/K79G/M80K (M80K#) and Met-SO is more than 3 orders of magnitude slower than the opening of the heme pocket that limits Met80 replacement in native cyt c. The Lys-to-Met-SO ligand substitution gates ET of ferric Met-SO cyt c with Co(terpy)22+. Owing to the slow Lys dissociation step, ET reaction is slow but possible, which is not the case for nonswitchable M80A and M80K#. Acidic conditions cause Lys replacement by a water ligand in Met-SO cyt c (p Ka = 6.3 ± 0.1), increasing the intrinsic peroxidase activity of the protein. This pH-driven ligand switch may be a mechanism to boost peroxidase function of cyt c specifically in apoptotic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Zhong
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755
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81
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Oxidative modification of methionine80 in cytochrome c by reaction with peroxides. J Inorg Biochem 2018; 182:200-207. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2018.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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82
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Zhou HX, Pang X. Electrostatic Interactions in Protein Structure, Folding, Binding, and Condensation. Chem Rev 2018; 118:1691-1741. [PMID: 29319301 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 490] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Charged and polar groups, through forming ion pairs, hydrogen bonds, and other less specific electrostatic interactions, impart important properties to proteins. Modulation of the charges on the amino acids, e.g., by pH and by phosphorylation and dephosphorylation, have significant effects such as protein denaturation and switch-like response of signal transduction networks. This review aims to present a unifying theme among the various effects of protein charges and polar groups. Simple models will be used to illustrate basic ideas about electrostatic interactions in proteins, and these ideas in turn will be used to elucidate the roles of electrostatic interactions in protein structure, folding, binding, condensation, and related biological functions. In particular, we will examine how charged side chains are spatially distributed in various types of proteins and how electrostatic interactions affect thermodynamic and kinetic properties of proteins. Our hope is to capture both important historical developments and recent experimental and theoretical advances in quantifying electrostatic contributions of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan-Xiang Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States.,Department of Physics and Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University , Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Xiaodong Pang
- Department of Physics and Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University , Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
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83
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Mohammadyani D, Yanamala N, Samhan-Arias AK, Kapralov AA, Stepanov G, Nuar N, Planas-Iglesias J, Sanghera N, Kagan VE, Klein-Seetharaman J. Structural characterization of cardiolipin-driven activation of cytochrome c into a peroxidase and membrane perturbation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2018; 1860:1057-1068. [PMID: 29227865 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2018.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The interaction between cardiolipin (CL) and cytochrome c (cyt-c) results in a gain of function of peroxidase activity by cyt-c. Despite intensive research, disagreements on nature and molecular details of this interaction remain. In particular, it is still not known how the interaction triggers the onset of apoptosis. Enzymatic characterization of peroxidase activity has highlighted the need for a critical threshold concentration of CL, a finding of profound physiological relevance in vivo. Using solution NMR, fluorescence spectroscopy, and in silico modeling approaches we here confirm that full binding of cyt-c to the membrane requires a CL:cyt-c threshold ratio of 5:1. Among three binding sites, the simultaneous binding of two sites, at two opposing sides of the heme, provides a mechanism to open the heme crevice to substrates. This results in "productive binding" in which cyt-c then sequesters CL, inducing curvature in the membrane. Membrane perturbation along with lipid peroxidation, due to interactions of heme/CL acyl chains, initiates the next step in the apoptotic pathway of making the membrane leaky. The third CL binding site while allowing interaction with the membrane, does not cluster CL or induce subsequent events, making this interaction "unproductive".
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariush Mohammadyani
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA; Thomas C. Jenkins Department of Biophysics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Naveena Yanamala
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - Alejandro K Samhan-Arias
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Alexander A Kapralov
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - German Stepanov
- Department of General and Medical Biophysics, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Nick Nuar
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Joan Planas-Iglesias
- Division of Metabolic and Vascular Health, Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Narinder Sanghera
- Division of Metabolic and Vascular Health, Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Valerian E Kagan
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Judith Klein-Seetharaman
- Division of Metabolic and Vascular Health, Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.
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84
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Zeng L, Wu L, Liu L, Jiang X. The Role of Water Distribution Controlled by Transmembrane Potentials in the Cytochrome c-Cardiolipin Interaction: Revealing from Surface-Enhanced Infrared Absorption Spectroscopy. Chemistry 2017; 23:15491-15497. [PMID: 28845886 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201703400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of cytochrome c (cyt c) with cardiolipin (CL) plays a crucial role in apoptotic functions, however, the changes of the transmembrane potential in governing the protein behavior at the membrane-water interface have not been studied due to the difficulties in simultaneously monitoring the interaction and regulating the electric field. Herein, surface-enhanced infrared absorption (SEIRA) spectroelectrochemistry is employed to study the mechanism of how the transmembrane potentials control the interaction of cyt c with CL membranes by regulating the electrode potentials of an Au film. When the transmembrane potential decreases, the water content at the interface of the membranes can be increased to slow down protein adsorption through decreasing the hydrogen-bond and hydrophobic interactions, but regulates the redox behavior of CL-bound cyt c through a possible water-facilitated proton-coupled electron transfer process. Our results suggest that the potential drop-induced restructure of the CL conformation and the hydration state could modify the structure and function of CL-bound cyt c on the lipid membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zeng
- State Key Lab of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, P. R. China
| | - Lie Wu
- State Key Lab of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Li Liu
- State Key Lab of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Xiue Jiang
- State Key Lab of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P. R. China
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85
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Alvarez-Paggi D, Hannibal L, Castro MA, Oviedo-Rouco S, Demicheli V, Tórtora V, Tomasina F, Radi R, Murgida DH. Multifunctional Cytochrome c: Learning New Tricks from an Old Dog. Chem Rev 2017; 117:13382-13460. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Damián Alvarez-Paggi
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química
Física and INQUIMAE (CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas
y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pab. 2, piso 1, Buenos Aires C1428EHA, Argentina
| | - Luciana Hannibal
- Department
of Pediatrics, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Mathildenstrasse 1, Freiburg 79106, Germany
- Departamento
de Bioquímica and Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research,
Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Av.
Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - María A. Castro
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química
Física and INQUIMAE (CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas
y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pab. 2, piso 1, Buenos Aires C1428EHA, Argentina
| | - Santiago Oviedo-Rouco
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química
Física and INQUIMAE (CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas
y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pab. 2, piso 1, Buenos Aires C1428EHA, Argentina
| | - Veronica Demicheli
- Departamento
de Bioquímica and Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research,
Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Av.
Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Veronica Tórtora
- Departamento
de Bioquímica and Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research,
Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Av.
Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Florencia Tomasina
- Departamento
de Bioquímica and Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research,
Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Av.
Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Rafael Radi
- Departamento
de Bioquímica and Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research,
Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Av.
Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Daniel H. Murgida
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química
Física and INQUIMAE (CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas
y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pab. 2, piso 1, Buenos Aires C1428EHA, Argentina
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86
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Karsisiotis AI, Deacon OM, Macdonald C, Blumenschein TMA, Moore GR, Worrall JAR. Near-complete backbone resonance assignments of acid-denatured human cytochrome c in dimethylsulfoxide: a prelude to studying interactions with phospholipids. BIOMOLECULAR NMR ASSIGNMENTS 2017; 11:165-168. [PMID: 28260216 DOI: 10.1007/s12104-017-9740-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Human cytochrome c plays a central role in the mitochondrial electron transfer chain and in the intrinsic apoptosis pathway. Through the interaction with the phospholipid cardiolipin, cytochrome c triggers release of pro-apoptotic factors, including itself, from the mitochondrion into the cytosol of cells undergoing apoptosis. The cytochrome c/cardiolipin complex has been extensively studied through various spectroscopies, most recently with high-field solution and solid-state NMR spectroscopies, but there is no agreement between the various studies on key structural features of cytochrome c in its complex with cardiolipin. In the present study, we report backbone 1H, 13C, 15N resonance assignments of acid-denatured human cytochrome c in the aprotic solvent dimethylsulfoxide. These have led to the assignment of a reference 2D 1H-15N HSQC spectrum in which out of the 99 non-proline residues 87% of the backbone amides are assigned. These assignments are being used in an interrupted H/D exchange strategy to map the binding site of cardiolipin on human cytochrome c.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Oliver M Deacon
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - Colin Macdonald
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | | | - Geoffrey R Moore
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Jonathan A R Worrall
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, UK.
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87
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Gorbenko GP, Trusova V, Molotkovsky JG. Förster Resonance Energy Transfer Study of Cytochrome c—Lipid Interactions. J Fluoresc 2017; 28:79-88. [DOI: 10.1007/s10895-017-2176-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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88
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Elmer-Dixon MM, Bowler BE. Site A-Mediated Partial Unfolding of Cytochrome c on Cardiolipin Vesicles Is Species-Dependent and Does Not Require Lys72. Biochemistry 2017; 56:4830-4839. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.7b00694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Margaret M. Elmer-Dixon
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812, United States
- Center
for Bimolecular Structure and Dynamics, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812, United States
| | - Bruce E. Bowler
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812, United States
- Center
for Bimolecular Structure and Dynamics, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812, United States
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89
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Abstract
The kidney requires a large number of mitochondria to remove waste from the blood and regulate fluid and electrolyte balance. Mitochondria provide the energy to drive these important functions and can adapt to different metabolic conditions through a number of signalling pathways (for example, mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathways) that activate the transcriptional co-activator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ co-activator 1α (PGC1α), and by balancing mitochondrial dynamics and energetics to maintain mitochondrial homeostasis. Mitochondrial dysfunction leads to a decrease in ATP production, alterations in cellular functions and structure, and the loss of renal function. Persistent mitochondrial dysfunction has a role in the early stages and progression of renal diseases, such as acute kidney injury (AKI) and diabetic nephropathy, as it disrupts mitochondrial homeostasis and thus normal kidney function. Improving mitochondrial homeostasis and function has the potential to restore renal function, and administering compounds that stimulate mitochondrial biogenesis can restore mitochondrial and renal function in mouse models of AKI and diabetes mellitus. Furthermore, inhibiting the fission protein dynamin 1-like protein (DRP1) might ameliorate ischaemic renal injury by blocking mitochondrial fission.
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90
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Nold SM, Lei H, Mou TC, Bowler BE. Effect of a K72A Mutation on the Structure, Stability, Dynamics, and Peroxidase Activity of Human Cytochrome c. Biochemistry 2017; 56:3358-3368. [PMID: 28598148 PMCID: PMC5564420 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.7b00342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We test the hypothesis that Lys72 suppresses the intrinsic peroxidase activity of human cytochrome c, as observed previously for yeast iso-1-cytochrome c [McClelland, L. J., et al. (2014) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 111, 6648-6653]. A 1.25 Å X-ray structure of K72A human cytochrome c shows that the mutation minimally affects structure. Guanidine hydrochloride denaturation demonstrates that the K72A mutation increases global stability by 0.5 kcal/mol. The K72A mutation also increases the apparent pKa of the alkaline transition, a measure of the stability of the heme crevice, by 0.5 unit. Consistent with the increase in the apparent pKa, the rate of formation of the dominant alkaline conformer decreases, and this conformer is no longer stabilized by proline isomerization. Peroxidase activity measurements show that the K72A mutation increases kcat by 1.6-4-fold at pH 7-10, an effect larger than that seen for the yeast protein. X-ray structures of wild type and K72A human cytochrome c indicate that direct interactions of Lys72 with the far side of Ω-loop D, which are seen in X-ray structures of horse and yeast cytochrome c and could suppress peroxidase activity, are lacking. Instead, we propose that the stronger effect of the K72A mutation on the peroxidase activity of human versus yeast cytochrome c results from relief of steric interactions between the side chains at positions 72 and 81 (Ile in human vs Ala in yeast), which suppress the dynamics of Ω-loop D necessary for the intrinsic peroxidase activity of cytochrome c.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiloh M. Nold
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812
- Center for Bimolecular Structure and Dynamics, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812
| | - Haotian Lei
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812
- Center for Bimolecular Structure and Dynamics, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812
| | - Tung-Chung Mou
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812
- Center for Bimolecular Structure and Dynamics, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812
| | - Bruce E. Bowler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812
- Center for Bimolecular Structure and Dynamics, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812
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91
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Gu J, Shin DW, Pletneva EV. Remote Perturbations in Tertiary Contacts Trigger Ligation of Lysine to the Heme Iron in Cytochrome c. Biochemistry 2017; 56:2950-2966. [PMID: 28474881 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.6b01187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Perturbations in protein structure define the mechanism of allosteric regulation and biological information transfer. In cytochrome c (cyt c), ligation of Met80 to the heme iron is critical for the protein's electron-transfer (ET) function in oxidative phosphorylation and for suppressing its peroxidase activity in apoptosis. The hard base Lys is a better match for the hard ferric iron than the soft base Met is, suggesting the key role of the protein scaffold in favoring Met ligation. To probe the role of the protein structure in the maintenance of Met ligation, mutations T49V and Y67R/M80A were designed to disrupt hydrogen bonding and packing of the heme coordination loop, respectively. Electronic absorption, nuclear magnetic resonance, and electron paramagnetic resonance spectra reveal that ferric forms of both variants are Lys-ligated at neutral pH. A minor change in the tertiary contacts in T49V, away from the heme coordination loop, appears to be sufficient to execute a change in ligation, suggesting a cross-talk between the different regions of the protein structure and a possibility of built-in conformational switches in cyt c. Analyses of thermodynamic stability, kinetics of Lys binding and dissociation, and the pH-dependent changes in ligation provide a detailed characterization of the Lys coordination in these variants and relate these properties to the extent of structural perturbations. The findings emphasize the importance of the hydrogen-bonding network in controlling ligation of the native Met80 to the heme iron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Gu
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College , Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
| | - Dong-Woo Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College , Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
| | - Ekaterina V Pletneva
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College , Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
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92
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Lagoa R, Samhan-Arias AK, Gutierrez-Merino C. Correlation between the potency of flavonoids for cytochrome c reduction and inhibition of cardiolipin-induced peroxidase activity. Biofactors 2017; 43:451-468. [PMID: 25850901 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
There are large differences between flavonoids to protect against apoptosis, a process in which cytochrome c (Cyt c) plays a key role. In this work, we show that 7 of 13 flavonoids studied have a capacity to reduce Cyt c similar or higher than ascorbate, the flavonols quercetin, kaempferol and myricetin, flavanol epigallocatechin-gallate, anthocyanidins cyanidin and malvidin, and the flavone luteolin. In contrast, the kaempferol 3(O)- and 3,4'(O)-methylated forms, the flavanone naringenin, and also apigenin and chrysin, had a negligible reducing capacity. Equilibrium dialysis and quenching of 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene fluorescence experiments showed that flavonoids did not interfere with Cyt c binding to cardiolipin (CL)/phosphatidylcholine (PC) vesicles. However, the CL-induced loss of Cyt c Soret band intensity was largely attenuated by flavonoids, pointing out a stabilizing action against Cyt c unfolding in the complex. Moreover, flavonoids that behave as Cyt c reductants also inhibited the pro-apoptotic CL-induced peroxidase activity of Cyt c, indicating that modulation of Cyt c signaling are probable mechanisms behind the protective biological activities of flavonoids. © 2016 BioFactors, 43(3):451-468, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Lagoa
- ESTG, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Morro do Lena, Alto do Vieiro, Leiria, 2411-901, Portugal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Extremadura, Avenida de Elvas s/n, Badajoz, 06006, Spain
| | - Alejandro K Samhan-Arias
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Extremadura, Avenida de Elvas s/n, Badajoz, 06006, Spain
| | - Carlos Gutierrez-Merino
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Extremadura, Avenida de Elvas s/n, Badajoz, 06006, Spain
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93
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Milorey B, Malyshka D, Schweitzer-Stenner R. pH Dependence of Ferricytochrome c Conformational Transitions during Binding to Cardiolipin Membranes: Evidence for Histidine as the Distal Ligand at Neutral pH. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:1993-1998. [PMID: 28418677 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b00597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The conformational changes of ferricytochrome c upon binding to cardiolipin-containing small unilamellar vesicles were studied at slightly acidic pH using fluorescence, visible circular dichroism, UV-visible absorption, and resonance Raman spectroscopy. The obtained spectroscopic response data suggest a mode of interaction, which is clearly distinct from the binding process observed at neutral pH. Evidence of a reversible and electrostatic binding mechanism under these conditions is provided through binding inhibition in the presence of 150 mM NaCl. Moreover, UV-visible absorption and resonance Raman spectra reveal that the conformational ensemble of membrane bound cytochrome c is dominated by a mixture of conformers with pentacoordinated and hexacoordinated high-spin heme irons, which contrast with the dominance of low-spin species at neutral pH. While our results confirm the L-site binding proposed by Kawai et al., they point to the protonation of a histidine ligand (H33) as conformational trigger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget Milorey
- Department of Chemistry, Drexel University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Dmitry Malyshka
- Department of Chemistry, Drexel University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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94
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Structural basis of mitochondrial dysfunction in response to cytochrome c phosphorylation at tyrosine 48. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E3041-E3050. [PMID: 28348229 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1618008114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulation of mitochondrial activity allows cells to adapt to changing conditions and to control oxidative stress, and its dysfunction can lead to hypoxia-dependent pathologies such as ischemia and cancer. Although cytochrome c phosphorylation-in particular, at tyrosine 48-is a key modulator of mitochondrial signaling, its action and molecular basis remain unknown. Here we mimic phosphorylation of cytochrome c by replacing tyrosine 48 with p-carboxy-methyl-l-phenylalanine (pCMF). The NMR structure of the resulting mutant reveals significant conformational shifts and enhanced dynamics around pCMF that could explain changes observed in its functionality: The phosphomimetic mutation impairs cytochrome c diffusion between respiratory complexes, enhances hemeprotein peroxidase and reactive oxygen species scavenging activities, and hinders caspase-dependent apoptosis. Our findings provide a framework to further investigate the modulation of mitochondrial activity by phosphorylated cytochrome c and to develop novel therapeutic approaches based on its prosurvival effects.
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95
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Milazzo L, Tognaccini L, Howes BD, Sinibaldi F, Piro MC, Fittipaldi M, Baratto MC, Pogni R, Santucci R, Smulevich G. Unravelling the Non-Native Low-Spin State of the Cytochrome c–Cardiolipin Complex: Evidence of the Formation of a His-Ligated Species Only. Biochemistry 2017; 56:1887-1898. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.6b01281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Milazzo
- Dipartimento
di Chimica “Ugo Schiff”, Università di Firenze, Via della
Lastruccia 3-13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Tognaccini
- Dipartimento
di Chimica “Ugo Schiff”, Università di Firenze, Via della
Lastruccia 3-13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Barry D. Howes
- Dipartimento
di Chimica “Ugo Schiff”, Università di Firenze, Via della
Lastruccia 3-13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Federica Sinibaldi
- Dipartimento
di Medicina Sperimentale e Chirurgia, Università di Roma “Tor Vergata”, Via
Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria C. Piro
- Dipartimento
di Medicina Sperimentale e Chirurgia, Università di Roma “Tor Vergata”, Via
Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Fittipaldi
- Dipartimento
di Fisica ed Astronomia, Università di Firenze, Via Sansone
1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino
(FI), Italy
| | - Maria C. Baratto
- Dipartimento
di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università di Siena, Via Aldo Moro
2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Rebecca Pogni
- Dipartimento
di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università di Siena, Via Aldo Moro
2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Roberto Santucci
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Cliniche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università di Roma “Tor Vergata”, Via
Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Giulietta Smulevich
- Dipartimento
di Chimica “Ugo Schiff”, Università di Firenze, Via della
Lastruccia 3-13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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96
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Kitt JP, Bryce DA, Minteer SD, Harris JM. Raman Spectroscopy Reveals Selective Interactions of Cytochrome c with Cardiolipin That Correlate with Membrane Permeability. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:3851-3860. [PMID: 28221789 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b00238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Permeabilization of the outer mitochondrial membrane is an integral step in apoptosis. The resulting release of pro-apoptotic signaling proteins leads to cell destruction through activation of the cysteine-aspartic protease (caspase) cascade. However, the mechanism of outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM) permeabilization remains unclear. It was recently shown that cytochrome c can induce pore formation in cardiolipin-containing phospholipid membranes, leading to large dextran and protein permeability. In this work, the interaction of cytochrome c with cardiolipin-containing phospholipid vesicles, serving as models of the OMM, is investigated to probe cytochrome c-induced permeability. Lipid vesicles having either a 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) or mixed-DPPC/cardiolipin membrane and containing a membrane-impermeable Raman tracer 3-nitrobenzenesulfonate (3-NBS) were optically trapped, translated into a solution containing cytochrome c, and monitored for 3-NBS leakage. Cytochrome-correlated leakage was observed only in cardiolipin-containing vesicles. Structural changes observed in the Raman spectra during permeabilization indicated acyl chain disordering along with decreased intensity of the cardiolipin cis-double-bond stretching modes. When the vesicle-associated cytochrome c Raman spectrum is compared with a spectrum in buffer, heme-resonance bands are absent, indicating loss of Met-80 coordination. To verify selective interactions of cytochrome c with cardiolipin, these experiments were repeated where the DPPC acyl chains were deuterated (D62-DPPC), allowing spectral resolution of the DPPC acyl chain response from that of cardiolipin. Interestingly, D62-DPPC acyl chains were unaffected by cytochrome c accumulation, while cardiolipin showed major changes in acyl chain structure. These results suggest that cytochrome-induced permeabilization proceeds through selective interaction of cytochrome c with cardiolipin, resulting in protein unfolding, where the unfolded form interacts with cardiolipin acyl chains within the bilayer to induce permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay P Kitt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah , 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - David A Bryce
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah , 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Shelley D Minteer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah , 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Joel M Harris
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah , 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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97
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Effect of methionine80 heme coordination on domain swapping of cytochrome c. J Biol Inorg Chem 2017; 22:705-712. [DOI: 10.1007/s00775-017-1446-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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98
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Lo YT, Huang HW, Huang YC, Chan JF, Hsu YHH. Elucidation of tRNA-cytochrome c interactions through hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2017; 1865:539-546. [PMID: 28242466 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2017.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome c (cyt c) is a mitochondrial protein responsible for transferring electrons between electron transport chain complexes III and IV. The release of cyt c from the mitochondria has been considered as a commitment step in intrinsic apoptosis. Transfer RNA (tRNA) has recently been found to interact with the released cyt c to prevent the formation of the apoptosome complex, thus preventing cell apoptosis. To understand the molecular basis of tRNA-cyt c interactions, we applied hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDXMS) to analyze the interactions between tRNA and cyt c. tRNAPhe binding to cyt c reduced the deuteration level of cyt c in all analyzed regions, indicating that tRNA binding blocks the solvent-accessible regions and results in the formation of a more compact conformation. Substitution of the tRNAPhe with the total tRNA from brewer's yeast in the HDXMS experiment significantly reduced deuteration in the N-terminus and the region 18-32 residue of cyt c, where all tRNAs are bound. To clarify the cause of binding, we used synthesized single-stranded oligonucleotides of 12-mer dA and dT to form complexes with cyt c. The exchange of the nucleotide bases between adenine and thymine did not affect the deuteration level of cyt c. However, the regions 1-10 and 65-82 showed minor decreases after unstructured dA or dT DNA binding. Collectively, these results reveal that cyt c maintains its globular structure to interact with tRNA. The region 18-32 selectively interacts with tRNA, and N-terminal 1-10 interacts with oligonucleotides electrostatically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ting Lo
- Department of Chemistry, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Wei Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chuan Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Fen Chan
- Department of Chemistry, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Hao Howard Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan; Biological Science Center, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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99
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Vancomycin induces reactive oxygen species-dependent apoptosis via mitochondrial cardiolipin peroxidation in renal tubular epithelial cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 800:48-56. [PMID: 28216050 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Vancomycin (VCM) is a first-line antibiotic for serious infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. However, nephrotoxicity is one of the most complaint in VCM therapy. We previously reported that VCM induced apoptosis in a porcine proximal tubular epithelial cell line (LLC-PK1), in which mitochondrial complex I may generate superoxide, leading to cell death. In the present study, VCM caused production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and peroxidation of the mitochondrial phospholipid cardiolipin that was reversed by administration of the mitochondrial uncoupler carbonyl cyanide-4-(trifluoromethoxy) phenylhydrazone (FCCP). FCCP also significantly suppressed VCM-induced depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane and apoptosis. Moreover, the lipophilic antioxidant vitamin E and a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant, mitoTEMPO, also significantly suppressed VCM-induced depolarization of mitochondrial membrane and apoptosis, whereas vitamin C, n-acetyl cysteine, or glutathione did not provide significant protection. These findings suggest that peroxidation of the mitochondrial membrane cardiolipin mediated the VCM-induced production of intracellular reactive oxygen species and initiation of apoptosis in LLC-PK1 cells. Furthermore, regulation of mitochondrial function using a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant, such as mitoTEMPO, may constitute a potential strategy for mitigation of VCM-induced proximal tubular epithelial cell injury.
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100
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Petereit J, Katayama K, Lorenz C, Ewert L, Schertl P, Kitsche A, Wada H, Frentzen M, Braun HP, Eubel H. Cardiolipin Supports Respiratory Enzymes in Plants in Different Ways. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:72. [PMID: 28228763 PMCID: PMC5296312 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In eukaryotes the presence of the dimeric phospholipid cardiolipin (CL) is limited to the mitochondrial membranes. It resides predominantly in the inner membrane where it interacts with components of the mitochondrial electron transfer chain. CL deficiency has previously been shown to affect abundances of the plant NADH-dehydrogenase complex and its association with dimeric cyctochrome c reductase. Using an Arabidopsis thaliana knock-out mutant for the final enzyme of CL biosynthesis we here extend current knowledge on the dependence of plant respiration on CL. By correlating respiratory enzyme abundances with enzymatic capacities in mitochondria isolated from wild type, CL deficient and CL complemented heterotrophic cell culture lines a new picture of the participation of CL in plant respiration is emerging. Data indicate a loss of a general reduction of respiratory capacity in CL deficient mitochondria which cannot solely be attributed to decreased abundances or capacities of mitochondrial electron transfer protein complexes and supercomplexes. Instead, it most likely is the result of a loss of the mobile electron carrier cytochrome c. Furthermore, enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid cycle are found to have lower maximum activities in the mutant, including the succinate dehydrogenase complex. Interestingly, abundance of the latter is not altered, indicative of a direct impact of CL deficiency on the enzymatic capacity of this electron transfer chain protein complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Petereit
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Leibniz Universität HannoverHannover, Germany
| | - Kenta Katayama
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of TokyoTokyo, Japan
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of TokyoTokyo, Japan
| | - Christin Lorenz
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften – ISAS – e.V.Dortmund, Germany
| | - Linda Ewert
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Leibniz Universität HannoverHannover, Germany
| | - Peter Schertl
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Leibniz Universität HannoverHannover, Germany
| | - Andreas Kitsche
- Institute of Biostatistics, Leibniz Universität HannoverHannover, Germany
| | - Hajime Wada
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of TokyoTokyo, Japan
| | | | - Hans-Peter Braun
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Leibniz Universität HannoverHannover, Germany
| | - Holger Eubel
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Leibniz Universität HannoverHannover, Germany
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