51
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Cooper TT, Bell GI, Hess DA. Inhibition of Retinoic Acid Production Expands a Megakaryocyte-Enriched Subpopulation with Islet Regenerative Function. Stem Cells Dev 2018; 27:1449-1461. [PMID: 30039749 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2018.0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Islet regeneration is stimulated after transplantation of human umbilical cord blood (UCB) hematopoietic progenitor cells with high aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH)-activity into NOD/SCID mice with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced β cell ablation. ALDHhi progenitor cells represent a rare subset within UCB that will require expansion without the loss of islet regenerative functions for use in cell therapies. ALDHhi cells efficiently expand (>70-fold) under serum-free conditions; however, high ALDH-activity is rapidly diminished during culture coinciding with emergence of a committed megakaryocyte phenotype CD41+/CD42+/CD38+. ALDH-activity is also the rate-limiting step in retinoic acid (RA) production, a potent driver of hematopoietic differentiation. We have previously shown that inhibition of RA production during 9-day cultures, using diethylaminobenzaldehyde (DEAB) treatment, enhanced the expansion of ALDHhi cells (>20-fold) with vascular regenerative paracrine functions. Herein, we sought to determine if DEAB-treatment also expanded ALDHhi cells that retain islet regenerative function following intrapancreatic transplantation into hyperglycemic mice. After DEAB-treatment, expanded ALDHhi cell subset was enriched for CD34+/CD38- expression and demonstrated enhanced myeloid multipotency in vitro compared to the ALDHlo cell subset. Unfortunately, DEAB-treated ALDHhi cells did not support islet regeneration after transplantation. Conversely, expanded ALDHlo cells from DEAB-treated conditions reduced hyperglycemia, and increased islet number and cell proliferation in STZ-induced hyperglycemic NOD/SCID mice. DEAB-treated ALDHlo cells were largely committed to a CD41+/CD42+ megakaryocyte phenotype. Collectively, this study provides preliminary evidence that committed cells of the megakaryocyte-lineage support endogenous islet regeneration and/or function, and the retention of high ALDH-activity did not coincide with islet regenerative function after expansion under serum-free culture conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Thomas Cooper
- 1 Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University , London, Canada .,2 Molecular Medicine Research Laboratories, Krembil Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Robarts Research Institute , London, Canada
| | - Gillian I Bell
- 2 Molecular Medicine Research Laboratories, Krembil Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Robarts Research Institute , London, Canada
| | - David A Hess
- 1 Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University , London, Canada .,2 Molecular Medicine Research Laboratories, Krembil Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Robarts Research Institute , London, Canada
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52
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Zarrabi M, Afzal E, Ebrahimi M. Manipulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Fate by Small Molecule Compounds. Stem Cells Dev 2018; 27:1175-1190. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2018.0091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Zarrabi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Royan Stem Cell Technology Company, Cord Blood Bank, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elaheh Afzal
- Royan Stem Cell Technology Company, Cord Blood Bank, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Ebrahimi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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53
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Richter FC, Obba S, Simon AK. Local exchange of metabolites shapes immunity. Immunology 2018; 155:309-319. [PMID: 29972686 PMCID: PMC6187213 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune cell differentiation and function depend on metabolic changes for the provision of energy and metabolites. Consequently, cellular metabolism relies on the availability of micronutrients such as vitamins and energy‐rich sources including amino acids and fatty acids. The bone marrow controls the continuous production of blood cells and is thereby reliant on the sophisticated interplay of progenitor and mature immune cells with its stromal microenvironment. The significance of stromal subsets in immunopoiesis is undisputed; however, our current knowledge is limited to their role in the production and secretion of a variety of soluble proteins such as cytokines. In contrast, the role of the haematopoietic niche in controlling and providing nutrients such as fatty acids, amino acids and vitamins, which are required for immune cell differentiation and function, remains largely elusive. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of local nutritional exchange and control between immune and stromal cells in peripheral tissue and, when it is known, in the bone marrow. The parallels found between peripheral tissues and bone marrow stroma raises the question of how local metabolism is capable of influencing haematopoiesis and immunopoiesis. A better understanding of the local exchange of nutrients in the bone marrow can be used to improve immune cell formation during ageing, after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation and during immune challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Clemens Richter
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sandrine Obba
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Anna Katharina Simon
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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54
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Grace CS, Mikkola HKA, Dou DR, Calvanese V, Ronn RE, Purton LE. Protagonist or antagonist? The complex roles of retinoids in the regulation of hematopoietic stem cells and their specification from pluripotent stem cells. Exp Hematol 2018; 65:1-16. [PMID: 29981365 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2018.06.287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are multipotent cells responsible for the maintenance of the hematopoietic system throughout life. Dysregulation of the balance in HSC self-renewal, death, and differentiation can have serious consequences such as myelodysplastic syndromes or leukemia. All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), the biologically active metabolite of vitamin A/RA, has been shown to have pleiotropic effects on hematopoietic cells, enhancing HSC self-renewal while also increasing differentiation of more mature progenitors. Furthermore, ATRA has been shown to have key roles in regulating the specification and formation of hematopoietic cells from pluripotent stem cells including embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Here, we summarize the known roles of vitamin A and RA receptors in the regulation of hematopoiesis from HSCs, ES, and iPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clea S Grace
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia; The University of Melbourne, Department of Medicine at St. Vincent's Hospital, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hanna K A Mikkola
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Diana R Dou
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Vincenzo Calvanese
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Roger E Ronn
- Medical Research Council Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Louise E Purton
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia; The University of Melbourne, Department of Medicine at St. Vincent's Hospital, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia.
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55
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Rundberg Nilsson A, Pronk CJ. Retinoic Acid Puts Hematopoietic Stem Cells Back To Sleep. Cell Stem Cell 2018; 21:9-11. [PMID: 28686871 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Dormant hematopoietic stem cells (dHSCs) display superior serial reconstitution capacity compared to active HSCs, although their role in normal hematopoiesis has not been thoroughly investigated. Recently in Cell, Cabezas-Wallscheid et al. (2017) demonstrate involvement of retinoic acid signaling in murine dHSCs for preservation of the HSC pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Rundberg Nilsson
- Medical Faculty, Division of Molecular Hematology, Institution for Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden; Medical Faculty, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Cornelis Jan Pronk
- Medical Faculty, Division of Molecular Hematology, Institution for Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden; Medical Faculty, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden; Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Skåne University Hospital, 221 85 Lund, Sweden.
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56
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Upadhaya S, Reizis B, Sawai CM. New genetic tools for the in vivo study of hematopoietic stem cell function. Exp Hematol 2018; 61:26-35. [PMID: 29501466 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The production of blood cells is dependent on the activity of a rare stem cell population that normally resides in the bone marrow (BM) of the organism. These hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) have the ability to both self-renew and differentiate, ensuring this lifelong hematopoiesis. Determining the regulation of HSC functions should thus provide critical insight to advancing regenerative medicine. Until quite recently, HSCs were primarily studied using in vitro studies and transplantations into immunodeficient hosts. Indeed, the definition of a bona fide HSC is its ability to reconstitute lymphopenic hosts. In this review, we discuss the development of novel, HSC-specific genetic reporter systems that enable the prospective identification of HSCs and the study of their functions in the absence of transplantation. Coupled with additional technological advances, these studies are now defining the fundamental properties of HSCs in vivo. Furthermore, complex cellular and molecular mechanisms that regulate HSC dormancy, self-renewal, and differentiation are being identified and further dissected. These novel reporter systems represent a major technological advance for the stem cell field and allow new questions to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samik Upadhaya
- Graduate Program in Pathobiology and Molecular Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Pathology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Boris Reizis
- Department of Pathology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Catherine M Sawai
- ACTION Laboratory, INSERM Unit 1218, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
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57
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Cooper TT, Sherman SE, Kuljanin M, Bell GI, Lajoie GA, Hess DA. Inhibition of Aldehyde Dehydrogenase-Activity Expands Multipotent Myeloid Progenitor Cells with Vascular Regenerative Function. Stem Cells 2018; 36:723-736. [DOI: 10.1002/stem.2790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tyler T. Cooper
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University; London Ontario Canada
- Molecular Medicine Research Laboratories, Krembil Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Robarts Research Institute; London Ontario Canada
| | - Stephen E. Sherman
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University; London Ontario Canada
- Molecular Medicine Research Laboratories, Krembil Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Robarts Research Institute; London Ontario Canada
| | - Miljan Kuljanin
- Molecular Medicine Research Laboratories, Krembil Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Robarts Research Institute; London Ontario Canada
- Don Rix Protein Identification Facility, Department of Biochemistry; Western University; London Ontario Canada
| | - Gillian I. Bell
- Molecular Medicine Research Laboratories, Krembil Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Robarts Research Institute; London Ontario Canada
| | - Gilles A. Lajoie
- Don Rix Protein Identification Facility, Department of Biochemistry; Western University; London Ontario Canada
| | - David A. Hess
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University; London Ontario Canada
- Molecular Medicine Research Laboratories, Krembil Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Robarts Research Institute; London Ontario Canada
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58
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Abstract
The concept of differentiation therapy emerged from the fact that hormones or cytokines may promote differentiation ex vivo, thereby irreversibly changing the phenotype of cancer cells. Its hallmark success has been the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL), a condition that is now highly curable by the combination of retinoic acid (RA) and arsenic. Recently, drugs that trigger differentiation in a variety of primary tumour cells have been identified, suggesting that they are clinically useful. This Opinion article analyses the basis for the clinical successes of RA or arsenic in APL by assessing the respective roles of terminal maturation and loss of self-renewal. By reviewing other successful examples of drug-induced tumour cell differentiation, novel approaches to transform differentiating drugs into more efficient therapies are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugues de Thé
- Collège de France, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité (INSERM UMR 944, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer; CNRS UMR 7212), Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, 75010 Paris; and Assistance Publique/Hôpitaux de Paris, Oncologie Moléculaire, Hôpital St Louis, 75010 Paris, France
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59
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Antagonism of PPAR-γ signaling expands human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells by enhancing glycolysis. Nat Med 2018; 24:360-367. [PMID: 29377004 DOI: 10.1038/nm.4477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) quiescently reside in bone marrow niches and have the capacity to self-renew or differentiate to form all of the blood cells throughout the lifespan of an animal. Allogeneic HSC transplantation is a life-saving treatment for malignant and nonmalignant disorders. HSCs isolated from umbilical cord blood (CB) are used for hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT), but due to the limited numbers of HSCs in single units of umbilical CB, a number of methods have been proposed for ex vivo expansion of human HSCs. We show here that antagonism of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ promotes ex vivo expansion of phenotypically and functionally defined subsets of human CB HSCs and hematopoietic progenitor cells (HSPCs). PPAR-γ antagonism in CB HSPCs strongly downregulated expression of several differentiation-associated genes, as well as fructose-bisphosphatase 1 (FBP1; which encodes a negative regulator of glycolysis), and enhanced glycolysis without compromising mitochondrial metabolism. The expansion of CB HSPCs by PPAR-γ antagonism was completely suppressed by removal of glucose or inhibition of glycolysis. Moreover, knockdown of FBP1 expression promoted glycolysis and ex vivo expansion of long-term repopulating CB HSPCs, whereas overexpression of FBP1 suppressed the expansion of CB HSPCs that was induced by PPAR-γ antagonism. Our study suggests the possibility for a new and simple means for metabolic reprogramming of CB HSPCs to improve the efficacy of HCT.
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60
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Update of ALDH as a Potential Biomarker and Therapeutic Target for AML. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018. [PMID: 29516013 PMCID: PMC5817321 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9192104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Studies employing mouse transplantation have illustrated the role of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) defining hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and leukemia stem cells (LSCs). Besides being a molecular marker, ALDH mediates drug resistance in AML, which induces poor prognosis of the patients. In AML patients, either CD34+ALDHbr population or CD34+CD38-ALDHint population was found to denote LSCs and minimal residual disease (MRD). A bunch of reagents targeting ALDH directly or indirectly have been evaluated. ATRA, disulfiram, and dimethyl ampal thiolester (DIMATE) are all shown to be potential candidates to open new perspective for AML treatment. However, inconsistent results have been shown for markers of LSCs, which makes it even more difficult to differentiate LSCs and HSCs. In this review, we elevated the role of ALDH to be a potential marker to define and distinguish HSCs and LSCs and its importance in prognosis and target therapy in AML patients. In addition to immunophenotypical markers, ALDH is also functionally active in defining and distinguishing HSCs and LSCs and offers intracellular protections against cytotoxic drugs. Targeting ALDH may be a potential strategy to improve AML treatment. Additional studies concerning specific targeting ALDH and mechanisms of its roles in LSCs are warranted.
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61
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Abstract
Aldehyde dehydrogenase and mammosphere assays enable the cost-effective quantification and characterization of cancer stem cells (CSCs) from cancer cell lines as well as cancer tissue. Here we describe the quantification of CSCs in breast cancer cell lines using aldehyde dehydrogenase and mammosphere assays under hypoxic (1% O2) and non-hypoxic (20% O2) culture conditions. Using this method, a significant enrichment of CSCs compared to bulk populations is observed when breast cancer cells are exposed to 1% O2 for 72 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debangshu Samanta
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Johns Hopkins Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gregg L Semenza
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Johns Hopkins Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Departments of Pediatrics, Medicine, Oncology, Radiation Oncology, and Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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62
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Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable hematopoietic cancer that is characterized by malignant plasma cell infiltration of the bone marrow and/or extramedullary sites. Multi-modality approaches including "novel agents," traditional chemotherapy, and/or stem cell transplantation are used in MM therapy. Drug resistance, however, ultimately develops and the disease remains incurable for the vast majority of patients. In this chapter, we review both tumor cell-autonomous and non-autonomous (microenvironment-dependent) mechanisms of drug resistance. MM provides an attractive paradigm highlighting a number of current concepts and challenges in oncology. Firstly, identification of MM cancer stem cells and their unique drug resistance attributes may provide rational avenues towards MM eradication and cure. Secondly, the oligoclonal evolution of MM and alternation of "clonal tides" upon therapy challenge our current understanding of treatment responses. Thirdly, the success of MM "novel agents" provides exemplary evidence for the impact of therapies that target the immune and non-immune microenvironment. Fourthly, the rapid pace of drug approvals for MM creates an impetus for development of precision medicine strategies and biomarkers that promote efficacy and mitigate toxicity and cost. While routine cure of the disease remains the ultimate and yet unattainable prize, MM advances in the last 10-15 years have provided an astounding paradigm for the treatment of blood cancers in the modern era and have radically transformed patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios Papadas
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
- UW Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
| | - Fotis Asimakopoulos
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
- UW Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
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63
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Gao XL, Zhang M, Tang YL, Liang XH. Cancer cell dormancy: mechanisms and implications of cancer recurrence and metastasis. Onco Targets Ther 2017; 10:5219-5228. [PMID: 29138574 PMCID: PMC5667781 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s140854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
More recently, disease metastasis and relapse in many cancer patients several years (even some decades) after surgical remission are regarded as tumor dormancy. However, the knowledge of this phenomenon is cripplingly limited. Substantial quantities of reviews have summarized three main potential models that can be put forth to explain such process, including angiogenic dormancy, immunologic dormancy, and cellular dormancy. In this review, newly uncovered mechanisms governing cancer cell dormancy are discussed, with an emphasis on the cross talk between dormant cancer cells and their microenvironments. In addition, potential mechanisms of reactivation of these dormant cells in certain anatomic sites including lymph nodes and bone marrow are discussed. Molecular mechanism of cellular dormancy in head and neck cancer is also involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Lei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
| | - Mei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases.,Department of Oral Pathology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Ling Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases.,Department of Oral Pathology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Hua Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
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64
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Alonso S, Jones RJ, Ghiaur G. Retinoic acid, CYP26, and drug resistance in the stem cell niche. Exp Hematol 2017; 54:17-25. [PMID: 28754309 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The bone marrow niche is essential for hematopoietic stem cells to maintain lifelong blood production by balancing their self-renewal and differentiation. Hematologic malignancies have a similar hierarchical organization to their normal counterparts, with rare populations of cancer stem cells that rely on the microenvironment to survive and propagate their differentiated malignant progenitor cells. Cancer cells alter their microenvironment to create a supportive niche, where they endure chemotherapy, survive as minimal residual disease (MRD), and eventually prevail at relapse. Powerful morphogens, such as retinoids, Wnt/βcatenin, Notch, and Hedgehog, control stem cell fates across tissues, including normal and malignant hematopoiesis. The molecular conversations between these pathways and the mechanisms that control their activity and create gradients at cellular scale remain a mystery. Here, we discuss accumulating evidence suggesting that cytochrome P450 (CYP26), the primary retinoid-inactivating enzyme, plays a critical role in the integration of two of these molecular programs: the retinoid and Hedgehog pathways. Induction of stromal CYP26 by either one of these pathways limits retinoic acid concentration in the stem cell niche, with profound effects on tissue homeostasis and drug resistance. Bypassing this gatekeeping mechanism holds promise for overcoming drug resistance and improving clinical outcomes in hematological malignancies and cancer in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvador Alonso
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Richard J Jones
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Gabriel Ghiaur
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.
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65
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Janik S, Nowak U, Łaszkiewicz A, Satyr A, Majkowski M, Marchwicka A, Śnieżewski Ł, Berkowska K, Gabryś M, Cebrat M, Marcinkowska E. Diverse Regulation of Vitamin D Receptor Gene Expression by 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D and ATRA in Murine and Human Blood Cells at Early Stages of Their Differentiation. Int J Mol Sci 2017. [PMID: 28635660 PMCID: PMC5486144 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18061323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D receptor (VDR) is present in multiple blood cells, and the hormonal form of vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25D) is essential for the proper functioning of the immune system. The role of retinoic acid receptor α (RARα) in hematopoiesis is very important, as the fusion of RARα gene with PML gene initiates acute promyelocytic leukemia where differentiation of the myeloid lineage is blocked, followed by an uncontrolled proliferation of leukemic blasts. RARα takes part in regulation of VDR transcription, and unliganded RARα acts as a transcriptional repressor to VDR gene in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells. This is why we decided to examine the effects of the combination of 1,25D and all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) on VDR gene expression in normal human and murine blood cells at various steps of their development. We tested the expression of VDR and regulation of this gene in response to 1,25D or ATRA, as well as transcriptional activities of nuclear receptors VDR and RARs in human and murine blood cells. We discovered that regulation of VDR expression in humans is different from in mice. In human blood cells at early stages of their differentiation ATRA, but not 1,25D, upregulates the expression of VDR. In contrast, in murine blood cells 1,25D, but not ATRA, upregulates the expression of VDR. VDR and RAR receptors are present and transcriptionally active in blood cells of both species, especially at early steps of blood development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Janik
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Immunology, Department of Tumor Immunology, Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Science, Weigla 12, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Urszula Nowak
- Laboratory of Protein Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Łaszkiewicz
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Immunology, Department of Tumor Immunology, Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Science, Weigla 12, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Anastasiia Satyr
- Laboratory of Protein Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Michał Majkowski
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Immunology, Department of Tumor Immunology, Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Science, Weigla 12, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Marchwicka
- Laboratory of Protein Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Łukasz Śnieżewski
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Immunology, Department of Tumor Immunology, Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Science, Weigla 12, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Klaudia Berkowska
- Laboratory of Protein Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Marian Gabryś
- First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wrocław Medical University, Chałubińskiego 3, 50-368 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Cebrat
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Immunology, Department of Tumor Immunology, Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Science, Weigla 12, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Ewa Marcinkowska
- Laboratory of Protein Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland.
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66
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GM-CSF and IL-4 Fusion Cytokine Induces B Cell-Dependent Hematopoietic Regeneration. Mol Ther 2017; 25:416-426. [PMID: 28153092 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2016.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) have the capacity to self-renew and differentiate into hematopoietic cells and have been utilized to replace diseased bone marrow for patients with cancers and blood disorders. Although remarkable progress has been made in developing new tools to manipulate HSCs for clinic use, there is still no effective method to expand HSCs in vivo for quick repopulation of hematopoietic cells following sublethal irradiation. We have recently described a novel synthetic cytokine that is derived from the fusion of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin 4 (IL-4; named as GIFT4), and we have now discovered that GIFT4 fusokine promotes long-term hematopoietic regeneration in a B cell-dependent manner. We found that GIFT4 treatment triggered a robust expansion of endogenous bone marrow HSCs and multipotent progenitors in vivo. Delivery of GIFT4 protein together with B cells rescued lethally irradiated mice. Moreover, adoptive transfer of autologous or allogeneic GIFT4-treated B cells (GIFT4-B cells) enhanced long-term hematopoietic recovery in radiated mice and prevented the mice from irradiation-induced death. Our data suggest that GIFT4 as well as GIFT4-B cells could serve as means to augment HSC engraftment in the setting of bone marrow transplantation for patients with hematological malignancy.
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Tomuleasa C, Selicean S, Gafencu G, Petrushev B, Pop L, Berce C, Jurj A, Trifa A, Rosu AM, Pasca S, Magdo L, Zdrenghea M, Dima D, Tanase A, Frinc I, Bojan A, Berindan-Neagoe I, Ghiaur G, Ciurea SO. Fibroblast dynamics as an in vitro screening platform for anti-fibrotic drugs in primary myelofibrosis. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:422-433. [PMID: 28294327 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Although the cause for bone marrow fibrosis in patients with myelofibrosis remains controversial, it has been hypothesized that it is caused by extensive fibroblast proliferation under the influence of cytokines generated by the malignant megakaryocytes. Moreover, there is no known drug therapy which could reverse the process. We studied the fibroblasts in a novel system using the hanging drop method, evaluated whether the fibroblasts obtain from patients are part of the malignant clone of not and, using this system, we screen a large library of FDA-approved drugs to identify potential drugs candidates that might be useful in the treatment of this disease, specifically which would inhibit fibroblast proliferation and the development of bone marrow fibrosis. We have found that the BM fibroblasts are not part of the malignant clone, as previously suspected and two immunosuppressive medications-cyclosporine and mycophenolate mophetil, as most potent suppressors of the fibroblast collagen production thus potentially inhibitors of bone marrow fibrosis production in myelofibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciprian Tomuleasa
- Department of Hematology, Ion Chiricuta Oncology Institute, Cluj Napoca, Romania.,Research Center for Functional Genomics and Translational Medicine/Hematology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj Napoca, Romania
| | - Sonia Selicean
- Research Center for Functional Genomics and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj Napoca, Romania
| | - Grigore Gafencu
- Research Center for Functional Genomics and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj Napoca, Romania
| | - Bobe Petrushev
- Research Center for Functional Genomics and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj Napoca, Romania
| | - Laura Pop
- Research Center for Functional Genomics and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj Napoca, Romania
| | - Cristian Berce
- Research Center for Functional Genomics and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj Napoca, Romania
| | - Anca Jurj
- Research Center for Functional Genomics and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj Napoca, Romania
| | - Adrian Trifa
- Department of Genetics, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj Napoca, Romania
| | - Ana-Maria Rosu
- Research Center for Functional Genomics and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj Napoca, Romania
| | - Sergiu Pasca
- Research Center for Functional Genomics and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj Napoca, Romania
| | - Lorand Magdo
- Research Center for Functional Genomics and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj Napoca, Romania
| | - Mihnea Zdrenghea
- Department of Hematology, Ion Chiricuta Oncology Institute, Cluj Napoca, Romania
| | - Delia Dima
- Department of Hematology, Ion Chiricuta Oncology Institute, Cluj Napoca, Romania
| | - Alina Tanase
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ioana Frinc
- Department of Hematology, Ion Chiricuta Oncology Institute, Cluj Napoca, Romania
| | - Anca Bojan
- Department of Hematology, Ion Chiricuta Oncology Institute, Cluj Napoca, Romania
| | - Ioana Berindan-Neagoe
- Research Center for Functional Genomics and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj Napoca, Romania
| | - Gabriel Ghiaur
- Division of Hematological Malignancies, Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center-The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Stefan O Ciurea
- Division of Cancer Medicine, Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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68
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Ghiaur G, Levis M. Mechanisms of Resistance to FLT3 Inhibitors and the Role of the Bone Marrow Microenvironment. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2017; 31:681-692. [PMID: 28673395 DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The presence of FLT3 mutations in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) carries a particularly poor prognosis, making the development of FLT3 inhibitors an imperative goal. The last decade has seen an abundance of clinical trials using these drugs alone or in combination with chemotherapy. This culminated with the recent approval by the US Food and Drug Administration of Midostaurin for the treatment of FLT3-mutated AML. Initial success has been followed by the emergence of clinical resistance. Although novel FLT3 inhibitors are being developed, studies into mechanisms of resistance raise hope of new strategies to prevent emergence of resistance and eliminate minimal residual disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Ghiaur
- Adult Leukemia Program, Division of Hematological Malignancies, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, 1650 Orleans Street CRB I, Room 243, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
| | - Mark Levis
- Adult Leukemia Program, Division of Hematological Malignancies, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, 1650 Orleans Street CRB I, Room 2M44, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
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Cabezas-Wallscheid N, Buettner F, Sommerkamp P, Klimmeck D, Ladel L, Thalheimer FB, Pastor-Flores D, Roma LP, Renders S, Zeisberger P, Przybylla A, Schönberger K, Scognamiglio R, Altamura S, Florian CM, Fawaz M, Vonficht D, Tesio M, Collier P, Pavlinic D, Geiger H, Schroeder T, Benes V, Dick TP, Rieger MA, Stegle O, Trumpp A. Vitamin A-Retinoic Acid Signaling Regulates Hematopoietic Stem Cell Dormancy. Cell 2017; 169:807-823.e19. [PMID: 28479188 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2017.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 289] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Dormant hematopoietic stem cells (dHSCs) are atop the hematopoietic hierarchy. The molecular identity of dHSCs and the mechanisms regulating their maintenance or exit from dormancy remain uncertain. Here, we use single-cell RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis to show that the transition from dormancy toward cell-cycle entry is a continuous developmental path associated with upregulation of biosynthetic processes rather than a stepwise progression. In addition, low Myc levels and high expression of a retinoic acid program are characteristic for dHSCs. To follow the behavior of dHSCs in situ, a Gprc5c-controlled reporter mouse was established. Treatment with all-trans retinoic acid antagonizes stress-induced activation of dHSCs by restricting protein translation and levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Myc. Mice maintained on a vitamin A-free diet lose HSCs and show a disrupted re-entry into dormancy after exposure to inflammatory stress stimuli. Our results highlight the impact of dietary vitamin A on the regulation of cell-cycle-mediated stem cell plasticity. VIDEO ABSTRACT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Cabezas-Wallscheid
- Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGmbH), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Florian Buettner
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Pia Sommerkamp
- Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGmbH), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Klimmeck
- Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGmbH), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Luisa Ladel
- Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGmbH), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frederic B Thalheimer
- LOEWE Center for Cell and Gene Therapy and Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Daniel Pastor-Flores
- Division of Redox Regulation, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Leticia P Roma
- Division of Redox Regulation, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Simon Renders
- Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGmbH), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Petra Zeisberger
- Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGmbH), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Adriana Przybylla
- Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGmbH), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katharina Schönberger
- Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGmbH), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Roberta Scognamiglio
- Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGmbH), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sandro Altamura
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carolina M Florian
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Stem Cells and Aging, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Malak Fawaz
- LOEWE Center for Cell and Gene Therapy and Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Dominik Vonficht
- Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGmbH), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Melania Tesio
- Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGmbH), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Paul Collier
- Genomics Core Facility, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dinko Pavlinic
- Genomics Core Facility, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hartmut Geiger
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Stem Cells and Aging, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Timm Schroeder
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering (D-BSSE), ETH Zurich, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Vladimir Benes
- Genomics Core Facility, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tobias P Dick
- Division of Redox Regulation, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael A Rieger
- LOEWE Center for Cell and Gene Therapy and Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Oliver Stegle
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Andreas Trumpp
- Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGmbH), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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van Gils N, Verhagen HJMP, Smit L. Reprogramming acute myeloid leukemia into sensitivity for retinoic-acid-driven differentiation. Exp Hematol 2017; 52:12-23. [PMID: 28456748 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2017.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The success of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) therapy for acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) provides a rationale for using retinoic acid (RA)-based therapy for other subtypes of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Recently, several studies showed that ATRA may drive leukemic cells efficiently into differentiation and/or apoptosis in a subset of AML patients with an NPM1 mutation, a FLT3-ITD, an IDH1 mutation, and patients overexpressing EVI-1. Because not all patients within these molecular subgroups respond to ATRA and clinical trials that tested ATRA response in non-APL AML patients have had disappointing results, the identification of additional biomarkers may help to identify patients who strongly respond to ATRA-based therapy. Searching for response biomarkers might also reveal novel RA-based combination therapies with an efficient differentiation/apoptosis-inducing effect in non-APL AML patients. Preliminary studies suggest that the epigenetic or transcriptional state of leukemia cells determines their susceptibility to ATRA. We hypothesize that reprogramming by inhibitors of epigenetic-modifying enzymes or by modulation of microRNA expression might sensitize non-APL AML cells for RA-based therapy. AML relapse is caused by a subpopulation of leukemia cells, named leukemic stem cells (LSCs), which are in a different epigenetic state than the total bulk of the AML. The survival of LSCs after therapy is the main cause of the poor prognosis of AML patients, and novel differentiation therapies should drive these LSCs into maturity. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the epigenetic aspects of susceptibility to RA-induced differentiation in APL and non-APL AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noortje van Gils
- Department of Hematology, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Han J M P Verhagen
- Department of Hematology, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Linda Smit
- Department of Hematology, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Novel lineage- and stage-selective effects of retinoic acid on mouse granulopoiesis: Blockade by dexamethasone or inducible NO synthase inactivation. Int Immunopharmacol 2017; 45:79-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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72
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Lower levels of vitamin A are associated with increased gastrointestinal graft-versus-host disease in children. Blood 2017; 129:2801-2807. [PMID: 28279965 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-02-765826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin A promotes development of mucosal tolerance and enhances differentiation of regulatory T cells. Vitamin A deficiency impairs epithelial integrity, increasing intestinal permeability. We hypothesized that higher vitamin A levels would reduce the risk of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) through reduced gastrointestinal (GI) permeability, reduced mucosal injury, and reduced lymphocyte homing to the gut. We tested this hypothesis in a cohort study of 114 consecutive patients undergoing allogeneic stem cell transplant. Free vitamin A levels were measured in plasma at day 30 posttransplant. GI GVHD was increased in patients with vitamin A levels below the median (38% vs 12.4% at 100 days, P = .0008), as was treatment-related mortality (17.7% vs 7.4% at 1 year, P = .03). Bloodstream infections were increased in patients with vitamin A levels below the median (24% vs 8% at 1 year, P = .03), supporting our hypothesis of increased intestinal permeability. The GI mucosal intestinal fatty acid-binding protein was decreased after transplant, confirming mucosal injury, but was not correlated with vitamin A levels, indicating that vitamin A did not protect against mucosal injury. Expression of the gut homing receptor CCR9 on T-effector memory cells 30 days after transplant was increased in children with vitamin A levels below the median (r = -0.34, P = .03). Taken together, these data support our hypothesis that low levels of vitamin A actively promote GI GVHD and are not simply a marker of poor nutritional status or a sicker patient. Vitamin A supplementation might improve transplant outcomes.
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73
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Ables ET, Drummond-Barbosa D. Steroid Hormones and the Physiological Regulation of Tissue-Resident Stem Cells: Lessons from the Drosophila Ovary. CURRENT STEM CELL REPORTS 2017; 3:9-18. [PMID: 28458991 PMCID: PMC5407287 DOI: 10.1007/s40778-017-0070-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Stem cells respond to local paracrine signals; more recently, however, systemic hormones have also emerged as key regulators of stem cells. This review explores the role of steroid hormones in stem cells, using the Drosophila germline stem cell as a centerpiece for discussion. RECENT FINDINGS Stem cells sense and respond directly and indirectly to steroid hormones, which regulate diverse sets of target genes via interactions with nuclear hormone receptors. Hormone-regulated networks likely integrate the actions of multiple systemic signals to adjust the activity of stem cell lineages in response to changes in physiological status. SUMMARY Hormones are inextricably linked to animal physiology, and can control stem cells and their local niches. Elucidating the molecular mechanisms of hormone signaling in stem cells is essential for our understanding of the fundamental underpinnings of stem cell biology, and for informing new therapeutic interventions against cancers or for regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth T. Ables
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
| | - Daniela Drummond-Barbosa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Division of Reproductive Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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Cañete A, Cano E, Muñoz-Chápuli R, Carmona R. Role of Vitamin A/Retinoic Acid in Regulation of Embryonic and Adult Hematopoiesis. Nutrients 2017; 9:E159. [PMID: 28230720 PMCID: PMC5331590 DOI: 10.3390/nu9020159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2016] [Revised: 02/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin A is an essential micronutrient throughout life. Its physiologically active metabolite retinoic acid (RA), acting through nuclear retinoic acid receptors (RARs), is a potent regulator of patterning during embryonic development, as well as being necessary for adult tissue homeostasis. Vitamin A deficiency during pregnancy increases risk of maternal night blindness and anemia and may be a cause of congenital malformations. Childhood Vitamin A deficiency can cause xerophthalmia, lower resistance to infection and increased risk of mortality. RA signaling appears to be essential for expression of genes involved in developmental hematopoiesis, regulating the endothelial/blood cells balance in the yolk sac, promoting the hemogenic program in the aorta-gonad-mesonephros area and stimulating eryrthropoiesis in fetal liver by activating the expression of erythropoietin. In adults, RA signaling regulates differentiation of granulocytes and enhances erythropoiesis. Vitamin A may facilitate iron absorption and metabolism to prevent anemia and plays a key role in mucosal immune responses, modulating the function of regulatory T cells. Furthermore, defective RA/RARα signaling is involved in the pathogenesis of acute promyelocytic leukemia due to a failure in differentiation of promyelocytes. This review focuses on the different roles played by vitamin A/RA signaling in physiological and pathological mouse hematopoiesis duddurring both, embryonic and adult life, and the consequences of vitamin A deficiency for the blood system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cañete
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Malaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n Malaga 29071, Spain and Andalusian Center for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology (BIONAND), Severo Ochoa 25, Campanillas 29590, Spain.
| | - Elena Cano
- Max-Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert Roessle-Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Ramón Muñoz-Chápuli
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Malaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n Malaga 29071, Spain and Andalusian Center for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology (BIONAND), Severo Ochoa 25, Campanillas 29590, Spain.
| | - Rita Carmona
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Malaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n Malaga 29071, Spain and Andalusian Center for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology (BIONAND), Severo Ochoa 25, Campanillas 29590, Spain.
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75
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Yanagisawa B, Ghiaur G, Smith BD, Jones RJ. Translating leukemia stem cells into the clinical setting: Harmonizing the heterogeneity. Exp Hematol 2016; 44:1130-1137. [PMID: 27693555 PMCID: PMC5110366 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2016.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Considerable evidence suggests that rare leukemia cells with stem cell features, including self-renewal capacity and drug resistance, are primarily responsible for both disease maintenance and relapses. Traditionally, these so-called leukemia stem cells (LSCs) have been identified in the laboratory by their ability to engraft acute myeloid leukemia (AML) into immunocompromised mice. For many years, only those rare AML cells characterized by a hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) CD34+CD38- phenotype were believed capable of generating leukemia in immunocompromised mice. However, more recently, significant heterogeneity in the phenotypes of those AML cells that can engraft immunocompromised mice has been demonstrated. AML cells that engraft immunocompromised mice have also been shown to not necessarily represent either the founder clone or those cells responsible for relapse. A recent study found that the most immature phenotype present in an AML correlated with genetically defined risk groups and outcomes, but was heterogeneous. Patients with AML cells expressing a primitive HSC phenotype (CD34+CD38- with high aldehyde dehydrogenase activity) manifested significantly lower complete remission rates, as well as poorer event-free and overall survivals. Leukemias in which the most primitive cells displayed more mature phenotypes were associated with better outcomes. The strong clinical correlations suggest that the most immature phenotype detectable within a patient's AML might serve as a biomarker for "clinically relevant" LSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Breann Yanagisawa
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gabriel Ghiaur
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - B Douglas Smith
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Richard J Jones
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Ma HS, Robinson TM, Small D. Potential role for all- trans retinoic acid in nonpromyelocytic acute myeloid leukemia. Int J Hematol Oncol 2016; 5:133-142. [PMID: 30302214 DOI: 10.2217/ijh-2016-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) has been very successful in the subtype of acute myelogenous leukemia known as acute promyelocytic leukemia due to targeted reactivation of retinoic acid signaling. There has been great interest in applying this form of differentiation therapy to other cancers, and numerous clinical trials have been initiated. However, ATRA as monotherapy has thus far shown little benefit in nonacute promyelocytic leukemia acute myelogenous leukemia. Here, we review the literature on the use of ATRA in combination with chemotherapy, epigenetic modifying agents and targeted therapy, highlighting specific patient populations where the addition of ATRA to existing therapies may provide benefit. Furthermore, we discuss the impact of recent whole genome sequencing efforts in leading the design of rational combinatorial approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley S Ma
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tara M Robinson
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Donald Small
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Bruzzoni-Giovanelli H, González JR, Sigaux F, Villoutreix BO, Cayuela JM, Guilhot J, Preudhomme C, Guilhot F, Poyet JL, Rousselot P. Genetic polymorphisms associated with increased risk of developing chronic myelogenous leukemia. Oncotarget 2016; 6:36269-77. [PMID: 26474455 PMCID: PMC4742176 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about inherited factors associated with the risk of developing chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). We used a dedicated DNA chip containing 16 561 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) covering 1 916 candidate genes to analyze 437 CML patients and 1 144 healthy control individuals. Single SNP association analysis identified 139 SNPs that passed multiple comparisons (1% false discovery rate). The HDAC9, AVEN, SEMA3C, IKBKB, GSTA3, RIPK1 and FGF2 genes were each represented by three SNPs, the PSM family by four SNPs and the SLC15A1 gene by six. Haplotype analysis showed that certain combinations of rare alleles of these genes increased the risk of developing CML by more than two or three-fold. A classification tree model identified five SNPs belonging to the genes PSMB10, TNFRSF10D, PSMB2, PPARD and CYP26B1, which were associated with CML predisposition. A CML-risk-allele score was created using these five SNPs. This score was accurate for discriminating CML status (AUC: 0.61, 95%CI: 0.58-0.64). Interestingly, the score was associated with age at diagnosis and the average number of risk alleles was significantly higher in younger patients. The risk-allele score showed the same distribution in the general population (HapMap CEU samples) as in our control individuals and was associated with differential gene expression patterns of two genes (VAPA and TDRKH). In conclusion, we describe haplotypes and a genetic score that are significantly associated with a predisposition to develop CML. The SNPs identified will also serve to drive fundamental research on the putative role of these genes in CML development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heriberto Bruzzoni-Giovanelli
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité UMRS 1160 INSERM, Paris, France.,Centre d'Investigations Cliniques 9504 INSERM-AP-HP Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Juan R González
- Centre de Recerca en Epidemiologia Ambiental (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain.,Institut Municipal d'Investigació Mèdica (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain Centre de Recerca en Epidemiologia Ambiental (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - François Sigaux
- Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Bruno O Villoutreix
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité UMRS 973 Inserm, Paris, France/ Inserm, U973, Paris, France
| | - Jean Michel Cayuela
- Laboratoire Central d'Hématologie, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France.,EA3518, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | | | - Claude Preudhomme
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Inserm, U837, CHRU, Lille, France/Université de Lille Nord, Institut de Recherche sur le Cancer de Lille, Lille, France
| | | | - Jean-Luc Poyet
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité UMRS 1160 INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Rousselot
- Service d'Hématologie et d'Oncologie, Hôpital Mignot, Université Versailles, Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, France
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78
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Alonso S, Hernandez D, Chang YT, Gocke CB, McCray M, Varadhan R, Matsui WH, Jones RJ, Ghiaur G. Hedgehog and retinoid signaling alters multiple myeloma microenvironment and generates bortezomib resistance. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:4460-4468. [PMID: 27775549 DOI: 10.1172/jci88152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Interactions between multiple myeloma (MM) cells and the BM microenvironment play a critical role in bortezomib (BTZ) resistance. However, the mechanisms involved in these interactions are not completely understood. We previously showed that expression of CYP26 in BM stromal cells maintains a retinoic acid-low (RA-low) microenvironment that prevents the differentiation of normal and malignant hematopoietic cells. Since a low secretory B cell phenotype is associated with BTZ resistance in MM and retinoid signaling promotes plasma cell differentiation and Ig production, we investigated whether stromal expression of the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase CYP26 modulates BTZ sensitivity in the BM niche. CYP26-mediated inactivation of RA within the BM microenvironment prevented plasma cell differentiation and promoted a B cell-like, BTZ-resistant phenotype in human MM cells that were cocultured on BM stroma. Moreover, paracrine Hedgehog secretion by MM cells upregulated stromal CYP26 and further reinforced a protective microenvironment. These results suggest that crosstalk between Hedgehog and retinoid signaling modulates BTZ sensitivity in the BM niche. Targeting these pathological interactions holds promise for eliminating minimal residual disease in MM.
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79
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Huang K, Gao J, Du J, Ma N, Zhu Y, Wu P, Zhang T, Wang W, Li Y, Chen Q, Hutchins AP, Yang Z, Zheng Y, Zhang J, Shan Y, Li X, Liao B, Liu J, Wang J, Liu B, Pan G. Generation and Analysis of GATA2 w/eGFP Human ESCs Reveal ITGB3/CD61 as a Reliable Marker for Defining Hemogenic Endothelial Cells during Hematopoiesis. Stem Cell Reports 2016; 7:854-868. [PMID: 27746115 PMCID: PMC5106517 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2016.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The transition from hemogenic endothelial cells (HECs) to hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HS/PCs), or endothelial to hematopoietic transition (EHT), is a critical step during hematopoiesis. However, little is known about the molecular determinants of HECs due to the challenge in defining HECs. We report here the generation of GATA2w/eGFP reporter in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) to mark cells expressing GATA2, a critical gene for EHT. We show that during differentiation, functional HECs are almost exclusively GATA2/eGFP+. We then constructed a regulatory network for HEC determination and also identified a panel of positive or negative surface markers for discriminating HECs from non-hemogenic ECs. Among them, ITGB3 (CD61) precisely labeled HECs both in hESC differentiation and embryonic day 10 mouse embryos. These results not only identify a reliable marker for defining HECs, but also establish a robust platform for dissecting hematopoiesis in vitro, which might lead to the generation of HSCs in vitro. Generation of GATA2w/eGFP reporter in human ESCs GATA2/eGFP expression defines HECs and HPCs in hESC differentiation CD61 marks HECs and HPCs in hPSC differentiation CD61 defines HECs in YS and AGM E10 mouse embryo
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Jiao Gao
- Translational Medicine Center for Stem Cells, 307-Ivy Translational Medicine Center, Laboratory of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Juan Du
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Ning Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Yanling Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Pengfei Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Tian Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Wenqian Wang
- Department of Hematology, Sun-yat Sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Yuhang Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Qianyu Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Andrew Paul Hutchins
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Zhongzhou Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Yi Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Yongli Shan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Xuejia Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Baojian Liao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Jiajun Liu
- Department of Hematology, Sun-yat Sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Jinyong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Bing Liu
- Translational Medicine Center for Stem Cells, 307-Ivy Translational Medicine Center, Laboratory of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Guangjin Pan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China.
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80
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Van Wassenhove LD, Mochly-Rosen D, Weinberg KI. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 in aplastic anemia, Fanconi anemia and hematopoietic stem cells. Mol Genet Metab 2016; 119:28-36. [PMID: 27650066 PMCID: PMC5082284 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Maintenance of the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) compartment depends on the ability to metabolize exogenously and endogenously generated toxins, and to repair cellular damage caused by such toxins. Reactive aldehydes have been demonstrated to cause specific genotoxic injury, namely DNA interstrand cross-links. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) is a member of a 19 isoenzyme ALDH family with different substrate specificities, subcellular localization, and patterns of expression. ALDH2 is localized in mitochondria and is essential for the metabolism of acetaldehyde, thereby placing it directly downstream of ethanol metabolism. Deficiency in ALDH2 expression and function are caused by a single nucleotide substitution and resulting amino acid change, called ALDH2*2. This genetic polymorphism affects 35-45% of East Asians (about ~560 million people), and causes the well-known Asian flushing syndrome, which results in disulfiram-like reactions after ethanol consumption. Recently, the ALDH2*2 genotype has been found to be associated with marrow failure, with both an increased risk of sporadic aplastic anemia and more rapid progression of Fanconi anemia. This review discusses the unexpected interrelationship between aldehydes, ALDH2 and hematopoietic stem cell biology, and in particular its relationship to Fanconi anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daria Mochly-Rosen
- Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kenneth I Weinberg
- Division of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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81
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Linde N, Fluegen G, Aguirre-Ghiso JA. The Relationship Between Dormant Cancer Cells and Their Microenvironment. Adv Cancer Res 2016; 132:45-71. [PMID: 27613129 PMCID: PMC5342905 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The majority of cancer deaths are due to metastases that can occur years or decades after primary tumor diagnosis and treatment. Disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) surviving in a dormant state in target organs appear to explain the timing of this phenomenon. Knowledge on this process is important as it might provide a window of opportunity to prevent recurrences by eradicating dormant DTCs and/or by maintaining DTCs in a dormant state. Importantly, this research might offer markers of dormancy for early monitoring of metastatic relapse. However, our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the regulation of entry into and exit from dormancy is still limited and crippling any therapeutic opportunity. While cancer cell-intrinsic signaling pathways have been linked to dormancy regulation, it is likely that these pathways and the switch controlling reactivation from dormancy are regulated by microenvironmental cues. Here we review and discuss recent findings on how the microenvironment regulates cancer dormancy and raise new questions that may help advance the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Linde
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States.
| | - G Fluegen
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States.
| | - J A Aguirre-Ghiso
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States.
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82
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Liu Y, Lu R, Gu J, Chen Y, Zhang X, Zhang L, Wu H, Hua W, Zeng J. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1 up-regulates stem cell markers in benzo[a]pyrene-induced malignant transformation of BEAS-2B cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2016; 45:241-250. [PMID: 27331345 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2016.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Recently, Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1 (ALDH1A1) has been proposed to be a common marker of cancer stem cells and can be induced by benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) exposure. However, the underlying mechanism of how ALDH1A1 contributes to B[a]P-induced carcinogenesis in human bronchial epithelial cells remains unclear. Here, we found that B[a]P up-regulated expression levels of stem cell markers (ABCG2, SOX2, c-Myc and Klf4), epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) associated genes (SNAIL1, ZEB1, TWIST and β-CATENIN) and cancer-related long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs; HOTAIR and MALAT-1) in malignant B[a]P-transformed human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B-T cells), and these up-regulations were dependent on increased expression of ALDH1A1. The inhibition of endogenous ALDH1A1 expression down-regulated expression levels of stem cell markers and reversed the malignant phenotype as well as reduced the chemoresistance of BEAS-2B-T cells. In contrast, the overexpression of ALDH1A1 in BEAS-2B cells increased the expression of stem cell markers, facilitated cell transformation, promoted migratory ability and enhanced the drug resistance of BEAS-2B cells. Overall, our data indicates that ALDH1A1 promotes a stemness phenotype and plays a critical role in the BEAS-2B cell malignant transformation induced by B[a]P.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghong Liu
- Department of Medical Genetics & Cell Biology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511400, PR China
| | - Ruitao Lu
- Department of Medical Genetics & Cell Biology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511400, PR China
| | - Junlian Gu
- Department of pathology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Yanxuan Chen
- Center of Medical Functional Experiments, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511400, PR China
| | - Xueyan Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511400, PR China
| | - Lan Zhang
- Department of Medical Genetics & Cell Biology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511400, PR China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, PR China
| | - Wenfeng Hua
- Biological Experiment Center, the Second People's Hospital of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510317, PR China.
| | - Jun Zeng
- Department of Medical Genetics & Cell Biology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511400, PR China.
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83
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HOXA5 determines cell fate transition and impedes tumor initiation and progression in breast cancer through regulation of E-cadherin and CD24. Oncogene 2016; 35:5539-5551. [PMID: 27157614 PMCID: PMC5073039 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Loss of HOXA5 expression occurs frequently in breast cancer and correlates with higher pathological grade and poorer disease outcome. However, how HOX proteins drive differentiation in mammalian cells is poorly understood. In this paper, we investigated cellular and molecular consequences of loss of HOXA5 in breast cancer, and the role played by retinoic acid in HOXA5 function. Analysis of global gene expression data from HOXA5-depleted MCF10A breast epithelial cells, followed by validation, pointed to a role for HOXA5 in maintaining several molecular traits typical of the epithelial lineage such as cell-cell adhesion, tight junctions and markers of differentiation. Depleting HOXA5 in immortalized MCF10A or transformed MCF10A-Kras cells reduced their CD24+/CD44lo population, enhanced self-renewal capacity and reduced expression of E-cadherin (CDH1) and CD24. In the case of MCF10A-Kras, HOXA5 loss increased branching and protrusive morphology in Matrigel, all features suggestive of epithelial to basal transition. Further, orthotopically implanted xenografts of MCF10A-Kras-scr grew as well-differentiated pseudo-luminal carcinomas, while MCF10A-Kras-shHOXA5 cells formed aggressive, poorly differentiated carcinomas. Conversely, ectopic expression of HOXA5 in aggressive SUM149 or SUM159 breast cancer cells reversed the cellular and molecular alterations observed in the HOXA5-depleted cells. Retinoic acid is a known upstream regulator of HOXA5 expression. HOXA5 depletion in MCF10A cells engineered to express doxycycline-induced shHOXA5 slowed transition of cells from a less differentiated CD24-/CD44+ to the more differentiated CD24+/CD44+ state. This transition was promoted by retinal treatment, which upregulated endogenous HOXA5 expression and caused re-expression of occludin and claudin-7 (CLDN7). Expression of CDH1 and CD24 was transcriptionally upregulated by direct binding of HOXA5 to their promoter sequences as demonstrated by luciferase and ChIP analyses. Thus, loss of HOXA5 in mammary cells leads to loss of epithelial traits, an increase in stemness and cell plasticity, and the acquisition of more aggressive phenotypes.
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84
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Alonso S, Su M, Jones JW, Ganguly S, Kane MA, Jones RJ, Ghiaur G. Human bone marrow niche chemoprotection mediated by cytochrome P450 enzymes. Oncotarget 2016; 6:14905-12. [PMID: 25915157 PMCID: PMC4558124 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Substantial evidence now demonstrates that interactions between the tumor microenvironment and malignant cells are a critical component of clinical drug resistance. However, the mechanisms responsible for microenvironment-mediated chemoprotection remain unclear. We showed that bone marrow (BM) stromal cytochrome P450 (CYP)26 enzymes protect normal hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) from the pro-differentiation effects of retinoic acid. Here, we investigated if stromal expression of CYPs is a general mechanism of chemoprotection. We found that similar to human hepatocytes, human BM-derived stromal cells expressed a variety of drug-metabolizing enzymes. CYP3A4, the liver's major drug-metabolizing enzyme, was at least partially responsible for BM stroma's ability to protect multiple myeloma (MM) and leukemia cells from bortezomib and etoposide, respectively, both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, clarithromycin overcame stromal-mediated MM resistance to dexamethasone, suggesting that CYP3A4 inhibition plays a role in its ability to augment the activity of lenalidomide and dexamethasone as part of the BiRd regimen. We uncovered a novel mechanism of microenvironment-mediated drug resistance, whereby the BM niche creates a sanctuary site from drugs. Targeting these sanctuaries holds promise for eliminating minimal residual tumor and improving cancer outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvador Alonso
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Meng Su
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jace W Jones
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sudipto Ganguly
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Maureen A Kane
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Richard J Jones
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gabriel Ghiaur
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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85
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Futrega K, Yu J, Jones JW, Kane MA, Lott WB, Atkinson K, Doran MR. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) modulates CD38 expression, absorbs retinoic acid and may perturb retinoid signalling. LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 16:1473-1483. [PMID: 27008339 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc00269b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is the most commonly used material in the manufacture of customized cell culture devices. While there is concern that uncured PDMS oligomers may leach into culture medium and/or hydrophobic molecules may be absorbed into PDMS structures, there is no consensus on how or if PDMS influences cell behaviour. We observed that human umbilical cord blood (CB)-derived CD34(+) cells expanded in standard culture medium on PDMS exhibit reduced CD38 surface expression, relative to cells cultured on tissue culture polystyrene (TCP). All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) induces CD38 expression, and we reasoned that this hydrophobic molecule might be absorbed by PDMS. Through a series of experiments we demonstrated that ATRA-mediated CD38 expression was attenuated when cultures were maintained on PDMS. Medium pre-incubated on PDMS for extended durations resulted in a time-dependant reduction of ATRA in the medium and increasingly attenuated CD38 expression. This indicated a time-dependent absorption of ATRA into the PDMS. To better understand how PDMS might generally influence cell behaviour, Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) was used to identify potential upstream regulators. This analysis was performed for differentially expressed genes in primary cells including CD34(+) haematopoietic progenitor cells, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC), and keratinocytes, and cell lines including prostate cancer epithelial cells (LNCaP), breast cancer epithelial cells (MCF-7), and myeloid leukaemia cells (KG1a). IPA predicted that the most likely common upstream regulator of perturbed pathways was ATRA. We demonstrate here that ATRA is absorbed by PDMS in a time-dependent manner and results in the concomitant reduced expression of CD38 on the cell surface of CB-derived CD34(+) cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Futrega
- Stem Cell Therapies Laboratory, Queensland University of Technology at the Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia.
| | - Jianshi Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Jace W Jones
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Maureen A Kane
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - William B Lott
- Stem Cell Therapies Laboratory, Queensland University of Technology at the Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia.
| | - Kerry Atkinson
- Stem Cell Therapies Laboratory, Queensland University of Technology at the Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia.
| | - Michael R Doran
- Stem Cell Therapies Laboratory, Queensland University of Technology at the Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia. and Mater Medical Research - University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
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86
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Differentiation of human innate lymphoid cells (ILCs). Curr Opin Immunol 2016; 38:75-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2015.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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87
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Gerber JM, Zeidner JF, Morse S, Blackford AL, Perkins B, Yanagisawa B, Zhang H, Morsberger L, Karp J, Ning Y, Gocke CD, Rosner GL, Smith BD, Jones RJ. Association of acute myeloid leukemia's most immature phenotype with risk groups and outcomes. Haematologica 2016; 101:607-16. [PMID: 26819054 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2015.135194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The precise phenotype and biology of acute myeloid leukemia stem cells remain controversial, in part because the "gold standard" immunodeficient mouse engraftment assay fails in a significant fraction of patients and identifies multiple cell-types in others. We sought to analyze the clinical utility of a novel assay for putative leukemia stem cells in a large prospective cohort. The leukemic clone's most primitive hematopoietic cellular phenotype was prospectively identified in 109 newly-diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia patients, and analyzed against clinical risk groups and outcomes. Most (80/109) patients harbored CD34(+)CD38(-) leukemia cells. The CD34(+)CD38(-) leukemia cells in 47 of the 80 patients displayed intermediate aldehyde dehydrogenase expression, while normal CD34(+)CD38(-) hematopoietic stem cells expressed high levels of aldehyde dehydrogenase. In the other 33/80 patients, the CD34(+)CD38(-) leukemia cells exhibited high aldehyde dehydrogenase activity, and most (28/33, 85%) harbored poor-risk cytogenetics or FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 internal tandem translocations. No CD34(+) leukemia cells could be detected in 28/109 patients, including 14/21 patients with nucleophosmin-1 mutations and 6/7 acute promyelocytic leukemia patients. The patients with CD34(+)CD38(-) leukemia cells with high aldehyde dehydrogenase activity manifested a significantly lower complete remission rate, as well as poorer event-free and overall survivals. The leukemic clone's most immature phenotype was heterogeneous with respect to CD34, CD38, and ALDH expression, but correlated with acute myeloid leukemia risk groups and outcomes. The strong clinical correlations suggest that the most immature phenotype detectable in the leukemia might serve as a biomarker for "clinically-relevant" leukemia stem cells. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01349972.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joshua F Zeidner
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Sarah Morse
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Amanda L Blackford
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Breann Yanagisawa
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hao Zhang
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Laura Morsberger
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Judith Karp
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yi Ning
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Christopher D Gocke
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gary L Rosner
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - B Douglas Smith
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Richard J Jones
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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88
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Rönn RE, Guibentif C, Moraghebi R, Chaves P, Saxena S, Garcia B, Woods NB. Retinoic acid regulates hematopoietic development from human pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cell Reports 2015; 4:269-81. [PMID: 25680478 PMCID: PMC4325193 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2015.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Revised: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The functions of retinoic acid (RA), a potent morphogen with crucial roles in embryogenesis including developmental hematopoiesis, have not been thoroughly investigated in the human setting. Using an in vitro model of human hematopoietic development, we evaluated the effects of RA signaling on the development of blood and on generated hematopoietic progenitors. Decreased RA signaling increases the generation of cells with a hematopoietic stem cell (HSC)-like phenotype, capable of differentiation into myeloid and lymphoid lineages, through two separate mechanisms: by increasing the commitment of pluripotent stem cells toward the hematopoietic lineage during the developmental process and by decreasing the differentiation of generated blood progenitors. Our results demonstrate that controlled low-level RA signaling is a requirement in human blood development, and we propose a new interpretation of RA as a regulatory factor, where appropriate control of RA signaling enables increased generation of hematopoietic progenitor cells from pluripotent stem cells in vitro. RA abrogates blood generation from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) RA inhibition improves commitment toward blood at multiple developmental stages RA inhibition promotes maintenance of more primitive human hematopoietic progenitors Hematopoietic development depends on an RAlo environment
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger E Rönn
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, BMC A12, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Carolina Guibentif
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, BMC A12, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Roksana Moraghebi
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, BMC A12, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Patricia Chaves
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Lund University Stem Cell Center, Lund University, BMC B10, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Shobhit Saxena
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, BMC A12, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Bradley Garcia
- Primorigen Biosciences, 510 Charmany Drive, Madison, WI 53719, USA
| | - Niels-Bjarne Woods
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, BMC A12, 221 84 Lund, Sweden.
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89
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Xie J, Zhang C. Ex vivo expansion of hematopoietic stem cells. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2015; 58:839-53. [PMID: 26246379 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-015-4895-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Ex vivo expansion of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) would benefit clinical applications in several aspects, to improve patient survival, utilize cord blood stem cells for adult applications, and selectively propagate stem cell populations after genetic manipulation. In this review we summarize and discuss recent advances in the culture systems of mouse and human HSCs, which include stroma/HSC co-culture, continuous perfusion and fed-batch cultures, and those supplemented with extrinsic ligands, membrane transportable transcription factors, complement components, protein modification enzymes, metabolites, or small molecule chemicals. Some of the expansion systems have been tested in clinical trials. The optimal condition for ex vivo expansion of the primitive and functional human HSCs is still under development. An improved understanding of the mechanisms for HSC cell fate determination and the HSC culture characteristics will guide development of new strategies to overcome difficulties. In the future, development of a combination treatment regimen with agents that enhance self-renewal, block differentiation, and improve homing will be critical. Methods to enhance yields and lower cost during collection and processing should be employed. The employment of an efficient system for ex vivo expansion of HSCs will facilitate the further development of novel strategies for cell and gene therapies including genome editing.
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Affiliation(s)
- JingJing Xie
- Taishan Scholar Immunology Program, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China
- Departments of Physiology and Developmental Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, 75390, USA
| | - ChengCheng Zhang
- Departments of Physiology and Developmental Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, 75390, USA.
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90
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Ghiaur G, Wroblewski M, Loges S. Acute Myelogenous Leukemia and its Microenvironment: A Molecular Conversation. Semin Hematol 2015; 52:200-6. [PMID: 26111467 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminhematol.2015.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Survival of patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) depends on our ability to prevent relapse in patients that achieved complete remission after intensive chemotherapy. While studies focusing on the malignant clone brought many advances in understanding AML biology and chemoresistance, little improvement has been made in eliminating the last bastion of malignant cells, the minimal residual disease (MRD). Inspired by Sir Paget's "soil and seed" hypothesis, it is becoming more clear that there is constant feedback between the malignant clone and the leukemic microenvironment. This "molecular conversation" dictates AML behavior and holds the key to eliminating MRD. Here we review recent advances in our understanding of how leukemia cells modify their microenvironment and how these changes reinforce AML homeostasis. In addition, we outline current clinical and preclinical efforts to disrupt these interactions and to therapeutically target MRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Ghiaur
- Division of Hematological Malignancies, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltiumore, MD.
| | - Mark Wroblewski
- Department of Hematology and Oncology with sections BMT and Pneumology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum, University Comprehensive Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Institute of Tumor Biology, Center of Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sonja Loges
- Department of Hematology and Oncology with sections BMT and Pneumology, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum, University Comprehensive Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Institute of Tumor Biology, Center of Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
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91
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Su M, Alonso S, Jones JW, Yu J, Kane MA, Jones RJ, Ghiaur G. All-Trans Retinoic Acid Activity in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Role of Cytochrome P450 Enzyme Expression by the Microenvironment. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127790. [PMID: 26047326 PMCID: PMC4457893 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Differentiation therapy with all-trans retinoic acid (atRA) has markedly improved outcome in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) but has had little clinical impact in other AML sub-types. Cell intrinsic mechanisms of resistance have been previously reported, yet the majority of AML blasts are sensitive to atRA in vitro. Even in APL, single agent atRA induces remission without cure. The microenvironment expression of cytochrome P450 (CYP)26, a retinoid-metabolizing enzyme was shown to determine normal hematopoietic stem cell fate. Accordingly, we hypothesized that the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment is responsible for difference between in vitro sensitivity and in vivo resistance of AML to atRA-induced differentiation. We observed that the pro-differentiation effects of atRA on APL and non-APL AML cells as well as on leukemia stem cells from clinical specimens were blocked by BM stroma. In addition, BM stroma produced a precipitous drop in atRA levels. Inhibition of CYP26 rescued atRA levels and AML cell sensitivity in the presence of stroma. Our data suggest that stromal CYP26 activity creates retinoid low sanctuaries in the BM that protect AML cells from systemic atRA therapy. Inhibition of CYP26 provides new opportunities to expand the clinical activity of atRA in both APL and non-APL AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Su
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Salvador Alonso
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jace W. Jones
- University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jianshi Yu
- University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Maureen A. Kane
- University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Richard J. Jones
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Gabriel Ghiaur
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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92
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Walenda T, Diener Y, Jost E, Morin-Kensicki E, Goecke TW, Bosio A, Rath B, Brümmendorf TH, Bissels U, Wagner W. MicroRNAs and Metabolites in Serum Change after Chemotherapy: Impact on Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0128231. [PMID: 26024523 PMCID: PMC4449031 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic regeneration after high dose chemotherapy necessitates activation of the stem cell pool. There is evidence that serum taken after chemotherapy comprises factors stimulating proliferation and self-renewal of CD34+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) – however, the nature of these feedback signals is yet unclear. Here, we addressed the question if specific microRNAs (miRNAs) or metabolites are affected after high dose chemotherapy. Serum taken from the same patients before and after chemotherapy was supplemented for in vitro cultivation of HSPCs. Serum taken after chemotherapy significantly enhanced HSPC proliferation, better maintained a CD34+ immunophenotype, and stimulated colony forming units. Microarray analysis revealed that 23 miRNAs changed in serum after chemotherapy – particularly, miRNA-320c and miRNA-1275 were down-regulated whereas miRNA-3663-3p was up-regulated. miRNA-320c was exemplarily inhibited by an antagomiR, which seemed to increase proliferation. Metabolomic profiling demonstrated that 44 metabolites were less abundant, whereas three (including 2-hydroxybutyrate and taurocholenate sulphate) increased in serum upon chemotherapy. Nine of these metabolites were subsequently tested for effects on HSPCs in vitro, but none of them exerted a clear concentration dependent effect on proliferation, immunophenotype and colony forming unit formation. Taken together, serum profiles of miRNAs and metabolites changed after chemotherapy. Rather than individually, these factors may act in concert to recruit HSPCs into action for hematopoietic regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Walenda
- Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Edgar Jost
- Department for Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology and Stem Cell Transplantation, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Tamme W. Goecke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Aachen, German
| | | | - Björn Rath
- Department for Orthopedics, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tim H. Brümmendorf
- Department for Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology and Stem Cell Transplantation, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ute Bissels
- Miltenyi Biotec GmbH, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wagner
- Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Aachen, Germany
- * E-mail:
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93
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Absence of natural intracellular retinoids in mouse bone marrow cells and implications for PML-RARA transformation. Blood Cancer J 2015; 5:e284. [PMID: 25723855 PMCID: PMC4349261 DOI: 10.1038/bcj.2015.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
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94
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Werner S, Brors B, Eick J, Marques E, Pogenberg V, Parret A, Kemming D, Wood AW, Edgren H, Neubauer H, Streichert T, Riethdorf S, Bedi U, Baccelli I, Jücker M, Eils R, Fehm T, Trumpp A, Johnsen SA, Klefström J, Wilmanns M, Müller V, Pantel K, Wikman H. Suppression of early hematogenous dissemination of human breast cancer cells to bone marrow by retinoic Acid-induced 2. Cancer Discov 2015; 5:506-19. [PMID: 25716347 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-14-1042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Regulatory pathways that drive early hematogenous dissemination of tumor cells are insufficiently defined. Here, we used the presence of disseminated tumor cells (DTC) in the bone marrow to define patients with early disseminated breast cancer and identified low retinoic acid-induced 2 (RAI2) expression to be significantly associated with DTC status. Low RAI2 expression was also shown to be an independent poor prognostic factor in 10 different cancer datasets. Depletion of RAI2 protein in luminal breast cancer cell lines resulted in dedifferentiation marked by downregulation of ERα, FOXA1, and GATA3, together with increased invasiveness and activation of AKT signaling. Functional analysis of the previously uncharacterized RAI2 protein revealed molecular interaction with CtBP transcriptional regulators and an overlapping function in controlling the expression of a number of key target genes involved in breast cancer. These results suggest that RAI2 is a new metastasis-associated protein that sustains differentiation of luminal breast epithelial cells. SIGNIFICANCE We identified downregulation of RAI2 as a novel metastasis-associated genetic alteration especially associated with early occurring bone metastasis in ERα-positive breast tumors. We specified the role of the RAI2 protein to function as a transcriptional regulator that controls the expression of several key regulators of breast epithelial integrity and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Werner
- Department of Tumor Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Benedikt Brors
- Division of Applied Bioinformatics (G200), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany. National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany. German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julia Eick
- Department of Tumor Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Elsa Marques
- Translational Cancer Biology Research Program and Institute of Biomedicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | - Dirk Kemming
- Department of Tumor Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany. European Laboratory Association, Ibbenbüren, Germany
| | - Antony W Wood
- Cell Signaling Technology, Inc., Danvers, Massachusetts
| | - Henrik Edgren
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hans Neubauer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Streichert
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany. Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sabine Riethdorf
- Department of Tumor Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Upasana Bedi
- Department of Tumor Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Irène Baccelli
- Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Manfred Jücker
- Institute of Biochemistry and Signal Transduction, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Roland Eils
- Division of Theoretical Bioinformatics (B080), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany. Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, and Bioquant Center, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tanja Fehm
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Trumpp
- Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Steven A Johnsen
- Department of Tumor Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Juha Klefström
- Translational Cancer Biology Research Program and Institute of Biomedicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Volkmar Müller
- Department of Gynecology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Pantel
- Department of Tumor Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Harriet Wikman
- Department of Tumor Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
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95
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di Masi A, Leboffe L, De Marinis E, Pagano F, Cicconi L, Rochette-Egly C, Lo-Coco F, Ascenzi P, Nervi C. Retinoic acid receptors: from molecular mechanisms to cancer therapy. Mol Aspects Med 2015; 41:1-115. [PMID: 25543955 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2014.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA), the major bioactive metabolite of retinol or vitamin A, induces a spectrum of pleiotropic effects in cell growth and differentiation that are relevant for embryonic development and adult physiology. The RA activity is mediated primarily by members of the retinoic acid receptor (RAR) subfamily, namely RARα, RARβ and RARγ, which belong to the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of transcription factors. RARs form heterodimers with members of the retinoid X receptor (RXR) subfamily and act as ligand-regulated transcription factors through binding specific RA response elements (RAREs) located in target genes promoters. RARs also have non-genomic effects and activate kinase signaling pathways, which fine-tune the transcription of the RA target genes. The disruption of RA signaling pathways is thought to underlie the etiology of a number of hematological and non-hematological malignancies, including leukemias, skin cancer, head/neck cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, prostate cancer, renal cell carcinoma, pancreatic cancer, liver cancer, glioblastoma and neuroblastoma. Of note, RA and its derivatives (retinoids) are employed as potential chemotherapeutic or chemopreventive agents because of their differentiation, anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic, and anti-oxidant effects. In humans, retinoids reverse premalignant epithelial lesions, induce the differentiation of myeloid normal and leukemic cells, and prevent lung, liver, and breast cancer. Here, we provide an overview of the biochemical and molecular mechanisms that regulate the RA and retinoid signaling pathways. Moreover, mechanisms through which deregulation of RA signaling pathways ultimately impact on cancer are examined. Finally, the therapeutic effects of retinoids are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra di Masi
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Viale Guglielmo Marconi 446, Roma I-00146, Italy
| | - Loris Leboffe
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Viale Guglielmo Marconi 446, Roma I-00146, Italy
| | - Elisabetta De Marinis
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Roma "La Sapienza", Corso della Repubblica 79, Latina I-04100
| | - Francesca Pagano
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Roma "La Sapienza", Corso della Repubblica 79, Latina I-04100
| | - Laura Cicconi
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Roma "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, Roma I-00133, Italy; Laboratory of Neuro-Oncohematology, Santa Lucia Foundation, Via Ardeatina, 306, Roma I-00142, Italy
| | - Cécile Rochette-Egly
- Department of Functional Genomics and Cancer, IGBMC, CNRS UMR 7104 - Inserm U 964, University of Strasbourg, 1 rue Laurent Fries, BP10142, Illkirch Cedex F-67404, France.
| | - Francesco Lo-Coco
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Roma "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, Roma I-00133, Italy; Laboratory of Neuro-Oncohematology, Santa Lucia Foundation, Via Ardeatina, 306, Roma I-00142, Italy.
| | - Paolo Ascenzi
- Interdepartmental Laboratory for Electron Microscopy, Roma Tre University, Via della Vasca Navale 79, Roma I-00146, Italy.
| | - Clara Nervi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Roma "La Sapienza", Corso della Repubblica 79, Latina I-04100.
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96
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Sosa MS, Parikh F, Maia AG, Estrada Y, Bosch A, Bragado P, Ekpin E, George A, Zheng Y, Lam HM, Morrissey C, Chung CY, Farias EF, Bernstein E, Aguirre-Ghiso JA. NR2F1 controls tumour cell dormancy via SOX9- and RARβ-driven quiescence programmes. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6170. [PMID: 25636082 PMCID: PMC4313575 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastases can originate from disseminated tumour cells (DTCs), which may be dormant for years before reactivation. Here we find that the orphan nuclear receptor NR2F1 is epigenetically upregulated in experimental head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) dormancy models and in DTCs from prostate cancer patients carrying dormant disease for 7-18 years. NR2F1-dependent dormancy is recapitulated by a co-treatment with the DNA-demethylating agent 5-Aza-C and retinoic acid across various cancer types. NR2F1-induced quiescence is dependent on SOX9, RARβ and CDK inhibitors. Intriguingly, NR2F1 induces global chromatin repression and the pluripotency gene NANOG, which contributes to dormancy of DTCs in the bone marrow. When NR2F1 is blocked in vivo, growth arrest or survival of dormant DTCs is interrupted in different organs. We conclude that NR2F1 is a critical node in dormancy induction and maintenance by integrating epigenetic programmes of quiescence and survival in DTCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Soledad Sosa
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Falguni Parikh
- 1] Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, USA [2] Department of Otolaryngology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Alexandre Gaspar Maia
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Yeriel Estrada
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Almudena Bosch
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Paloma Bragado
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Esther Ekpin
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Ajish George
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Yang Zheng
- Department of Otolaryngology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Hung-Ming Lam
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, WA 98195, USA
| | - Colm Morrissey
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, WA 98195, USA
| | - Chi-Yeh Chung
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Eduardo F Farias
- 1] Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, USA [2] Tisch Cancer Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Emily Bernstein
- 1] Department of Oncological Sciences, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, USA [2] Tisch Cancer Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, USA [3] Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Julio A Aguirre-Ghiso
- 1] Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, USA [2] Department of Otolaryngology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, USA [3] Tisch Cancer Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, USA [4] Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, USA
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Shi W, Xu G, Wang C, Sperber SM, Chen Y, Zhou Q, Deng Y, Zhao H. Heat shock 70-kDa protein 5 (Hspa5) is essential for pronephros formation by mediating retinoic acid signaling. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:577-89. [PMID: 25398881 PMCID: PMC4281759 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.591628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Revised: 11/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock 70-kDa protein 5 (Hspa5), also known as binding immunoglobulin protein (Bip) or glucose-regulated protein 78 (Grp78), belongs to the heat shock protein 70 kDa family. As a multifunctional protein, it participates in protein folding and calcium homeostasis and serves as an essential regulator of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response. It has also been implicated in signal transduction by acting as a receptor or co-receptor residing at the plasma membrane. Its function during embryonic development, however, remains largely elusive. In this study, we used morpholino antisense oligonucleotides (MOs) to knock down Hspa5 activity in Xenopus embryos. In Hspa5 morphants, pronephros formation was strongly inhibited with the reduction of pronephric marker genes Lim homeobox protein 1 (lhx1), pax2, and β1 subunit of Na/K-ATPase (atp1b1). Pronephros tissue was induced in vitro by treating animal caps with all-trans-retinoic acid and activin. Depletion of Hspa5 in animal caps, however, blocked the induction of pronephros as well as reduced the expression of retinoic acid (RA)-responsive genes, suggesting that knockdown of Hspa5 attenuated RA signaling. Knockdown of Hspa5 in animal caps resulted in decreased expression of lhx1, a transcription factor directly regulated by RA signaling and essential for pronephros specification. Co-injection of Hspa5MO with lhx1 mRNA partially rescued the phenotype induced by Hspa5MO. These results suggest that the RA-Lhx1 signaling cascade is involved in Hspa5MO-induced pronephros malformation. This study shows that Hspa5, a key regulator of the unfolded protein response, plays an essential role in pronephros formation, which is mediated in part through RA signaling during early embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weili Shi
- From the Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), China
| | - Gang Xu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, 7 Baptist University Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chengdong Wang
- From the Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), China, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Steven M Sperber
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029-6574
| | - Yonglong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China, and
| | - Qin Zhou
- Division of Molecular Nephrology and Creative Training Center for Undergraduates, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine Diagnostics, College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yi Deng
- Department of Biology, South University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen 518055, China,
| | - Hui Zhao
- From the Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR), China, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China,
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98
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Hematopoietic stem cell niche maintenance during homeostasis and regeneration. Nat Med 2014; 20:833-46. [PMID: 25100529 DOI: 10.1038/nm.3647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 560] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The bone marrow niche has mystified scientists for many years, leading to widespread investigation to shed light into its molecular and cellular composition. Considerable efforts have been devoted toward uncovering the regulatory mechanisms of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) niche maintenance. Recent advances in imaging and genetic manipulation of mouse models have allowed the identification of distinct vascular niches that have been shown to orchestrate the balance between quiescence, proliferation and regeneration of the bone marrow after injury. Here we highlight the recently discovered intrinsic mechanisms, microenvironmental interactions and communication with surrounding cells involved in HSC regulation, during homeostasis and in regeneration after injury and discuss their implications for regenerative therapy.
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99
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Longville BAC, Anderson D, Welch MD, Kees UR, Greene WK. Aberrant expression of aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A (ALDH1A) subfamily genes in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia is a common feature of T-lineage tumours. Br J Haematol 2014; 168:246-57. [DOI: 10.1111/bjh.13120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brooke A. C. Longville
- Division of Children's Leukaemia and Cancer Research; Telethon Kids Institute; University of Western Australia; Perth WA 6008 Australia
| | - Denise Anderson
- Telethon Kids Institute; Centre for Child Health Research; The University of Western Australia; Perth WA 6008 Australia
| | - Mathew D. Welch
- Division of Children's Leukaemia and Cancer Research; Telethon Kids Institute; University of Western Australia; Perth WA 6008 Australia
| | - Ursula R. Kees
- Division of Children's Leukaemia and Cancer Research; Telethon Kids Institute; University of Western Australia; Perth WA 6008 Australia
| | - Wayne K. Greene
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences; Murdoch University; Perth WA Australia
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100
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Ablain J, de Thé H. Retinoic acid signaling in cancer: The parable of acute promyelocytic leukemia. Int J Cancer 2014; 135:2262-72. [PMID: 25130873 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Revised: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Inevitably fatal some 40 years, acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) can now be cured in more than 95% of cases. This clinical success story is tightly linked to tremendous progress in our understanding of retinoic acid (RA) signaling. The discovery of retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARA) was followed by the cloning of the chromosomal translocations driving APL, all of which involve RARA. Since then, new findings on the biology of nuclear receptors have progressively enlightened the basis for the clinical efficacy of RA in APL. Reciprocally, the disease offered a range of angles to approach the cellular and molecular mechanisms of RA action. This virtuous circle contributed to make APL one of the best-understood cancers from both clinical and biological standpoints. Yet, some important questions remain unanswered including how lessons learnt from RA-triggered APL cure can help design new therapies for other malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Ablain
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôpital St. Louis, Paris Cedex 10, France; INSERM U 944, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Hôpital St. Louis, Paris Cedex 10, France; CNRS UMR 7212, Hôpital St. Louis, Paris Cedex 10, France
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