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Mancarci BO, Toker L, Tripathy SJ, Li B, Rocco B, Sibille E, Pavlidis P. Cross-Laboratory Analysis of Brain Cell Type Transcriptomes with Applications to Interpretation of Bulk Tissue Data. eNeuro 2017; 4:ENEURO.0212-17.2017. [PMID: 29204516 PMCID: PMC5707795 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0212-17.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Establishing the molecular diversity of cell types is crucial for the study of the nervous system. We compiled a cross-laboratory database of mouse brain cell type-specific transcriptomes from 36 major cell types from across the mammalian brain using rigorously curated published data from pooled cell type microarray and single-cell RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) studies. We used these data to identify cell type-specific marker genes, discovering a substantial number of novel markers, many of which we validated using computational and experimental approaches. We further demonstrate that summarized expression of marker gene sets (MGSs) in bulk tissue data can be used to estimate the relative cell type abundance across samples. To facilitate use of this expanding resource, we provide a user-friendly web interface at www.neuroexpresso.org.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Ogan Mancarci
- Graduate Program in Bioinformatics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 2A1, Canada
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Lilah Toker
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 2A1, Canada
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Shreejoy J. Tripathy
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 2A1, Canada
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Brenna Li
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 2A1, Canada
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Brad Rocco
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute of CAMH
- Department of Psychiatry and the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Vancouver M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Etienne Sibille
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute of CAMH
- Department of Psychiatry and the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Vancouver M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Paul Pavlidis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 2A1, Canada
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, Canada
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A Figge D, Standaert DG. Dysregulation of BET proteins in levodopa-induced dyskinesia. Neurobiol Dis 2017; 102:125-132. [PMID: 28286180 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Levodopa (L-DOPA) remains the most effective pharmacological treatment for Parkinson Disease (PD) but its use is limited by the development of debilitating drug-related side effects, particularly L-DOPA induced dyskinesia (LID). LID is a consequence of long-term L-DOPA use, and in model systems is characterized by a "priming effect", whereby initial administrations of L-DOPA trigger a sensitized biochemical and transcriptional response upon subsequent dopaminergic stimulation. Preliminary studies into the mechanisms underlying this cellular memory have indicated an important role for epigenetic change but many of the downstream mechanisms remain unknown. The family of bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) proteins, which bind acetylated histones, play a critical effector role in the regulation of transcription. BET proteins have been implicated in several forms of neural plasticity, but their potential relevance to LID remains unexplored. Using the 6-OHDA rodent model of LID, we show that dyskinesia development induces alterations in BET protein expression along with enhanced occupation of sites at the promoter and enhancer regions of genes dysregulated during dyskinesia development. When BET function was blocked using the pharmacologic inhibitor JQ1, LID was prevented. In addition, we found that JQ1 treatment blocked the transcriptional upregulation of several immediate-early genes known to participate in the pathogenesis of dyskinesia. Together, these results demonstrate an essential role for BET protein activity as an epigenetic "reader" of the altered histone acetylation required for LID development and suggest that modulation of BET protein function is a potential therapeutic avenue for the prevention or reversal of LID in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Figge
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Neurology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - David G Standaert
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Neurology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Alcacer C, Andreoli L, Sebastianutto I, Jakobsson J, Fieblinger T, Cenci MA. Chemogenetic stimulation of striatal projection neurons modulates responses to Parkinson's disease therapy. J Clin Invest 2017; 127:720-734. [PMID: 28112685 DOI: 10.1172/jci90132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) patients experience loss of normal motor function (hypokinesia), but can develop uncontrollable movements known as dyskinesia upon treatment with L-DOPA. Poverty or excess of movement in PD has been attributed to overactivity of striatal projection neurons forming either the indirect (iSPNs) or the direct (dSPNs) pathway, respectively. Here, we investigated the two pathways' contribution to different motor features using SPN type-specific chemogenetic stimulation in rodent models of PD (PD mice) and L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID mice). Using the activatory Gq-coupled human M3 muscarinic receptor (hM3Dq), we found that chemogenetic stimulation of dSPNs mimicked, while stimulation of iSPNs abolished the therapeutic action of L-DOPA in PD mice. In LID mice, hM3Dq stimulation of dSPNs exacerbated dyskinetic responses to L-DOPA, while stimulation of iSPNs inhibited these responses. In the absence of L-DOPA, only chemogenetic stimulation of dSPNs mediated through the Gs-coupled modified rat muscarinic M3 receptor (rM3Ds) induced appreciable dyskinesia in PD mice. Combining D2 receptor agonist treatment with rM3Ds-dSPN stimulation reproduced all symptoms of LID. These results demonstrate that dSPNs and iSPNs oppositely modulate both therapeutic and dyskinetic responses to dopamine replacement therapy in PD. We also show that chemogenetic stimulation of different signaling pathways in dSPNs leads to markedly different motor outcomes. Our findings have important implications for the design of effective antiparkinsonian and antidyskinetic drug therapies.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Humans
- Levodopa/adverse effects
- Levodopa/pharmacology
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Neural Pathways/metabolism
- Neural Pathways/pathology
- Neurons/metabolism
- Neurons/pathology
- Parkinson Disease, Secondary/chemically induced
- Parkinson Disease, Secondary/drug therapy
- Parkinson Disease, Secondary/metabolism
- Parkinson Disease, Secondary/pathology
- Rats
- Receptor, Muscarinic M3/agonists
- Receptor, Muscarinic M3/genetics
- Receptor, Muscarinic M3/metabolism
- Receptors, Dopamine D2/agonists
- Receptors, Dopamine D2/genetics
- Receptors, Dopamine D2/metabolism
- Visual Cortex/metabolism
- Visual Cortex/pathology
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Nishi A, Shuto T. Potential for targeting dopamine/DARPP-32 signaling in neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2017; 21:259-272. [PMID: 28052701 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2017.1279149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alterations in dopamine neurotransmission has been implicated in pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders, and DARPP-32 plays a pivotal role in dopamine neurotransmission. DARPP-32 likely influences dopamine-mediated behaviors in animal models of neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders and therapeutic effects of pharmacological treatment. Areas covered: We will review animal studies on the biochemical and behavioral roles of DARPP-32 in drug addiction, schizophrenia and Parkinson's disease. In general, under physiological and pathophysiological conditions, DARPP-32 in D1 receptor expressing (D1R) -medium spiny neurons (MSNs) promotes dopamine/D1 receptor/PKA signaling, whereas DARPP-32 in D2 receptor expressing (D2R)-MSNs counteracts dopamine/D2 receptor signaling. However, the function of DARPP-32 is differentially regulated in acute and chronic phases of drug addiction; DARPP-32 enhances D1 receptor/PKA signaling in the acute phase, whereas DARPP-32 suppresses D1 receptor/PKA signaling in the chronic phase through homeostatic mechanisms. Therefore, DARPP-32 plays a bidirectional role in dopamine neurotransmission, depending on the cell type and experimental conditions, and is involved in dopamine-related behavioral abnormalities. Expert opinion: DARPP-32 differentially regulates dopamine signaling in D1R- and D2R-MSNs, and a shift of balance between D1R- and D2R-MSN function is associated with behavioral abnormalities. An adjustment of this imbalance is achieved by therapeutic approaches targeting DARPP-32-related signaling molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinori Nishi
- a Department of Pharmacology , Kurume University School of Medicine , Kurume, Fukuoka , Japan
| | - Takahide Shuto
- a Department of Pharmacology , Kurume University School of Medicine , Kurume, Fukuoka , Japan
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55
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Carta AR, Mulas G, Bortolanza M, Duarte T, Pillai E, Fisone G, Vozari RR, Del-Bel E. l-DOPA-induced dyskinesia and neuroinflammation: do microglia and astrocytes play a role? Eur J Neurosci 2016; 45:73-91. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna R. Carta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato; S.P. N. 8 09042 Monserrato Cagliari Italy
| | - Giovanna Mulas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato; S.P. N. 8 09042 Monserrato Cagliari Italy
| | - Mariza Bortolanza
- School of Odontology of Ribeirão Preto; Department of Morphology, Physiology and Basic Pathology; University of São Paulo (USP); Av. Café S/N 14040-904 Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil
- USP, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA); São Paulo Brazil
| | - Terence Duarte
- School of Odontology of Ribeirão Preto; Department of Morphology, Physiology and Basic Pathology; University of São Paulo (USP); Av. Café S/N 14040-904 Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil
- USP, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA); São Paulo Brazil
| | - Elisabetta Pillai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato; S.P. N. 8 09042 Monserrato Cagliari Italy
| | - Gilberto Fisone
- Department of Neuroscience; Karolinska Institutet; Retzius väg 8 17177 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Rita Raisman Vozari
- INSERM U 1127; CNRS UMR 7225; UPMC Univ Paris 06; UMR S 1127; Institut Du Cerveau et de La Moelle Epiniére; ICM; Paris France
| | - Elaine Del-Bel
- School of Odontology of Ribeirão Preto; Department of Morphology, Physiology and Basic Pathology; University of São Paulo (USP); Av. Café S/N 14040-904 Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil
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56
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Distinct cortical and striatal actions of a β-arrestin-biased dopamine D2 receptor ligand reveal unique antipsychotic-like properties. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:E8178-E8186. [PMID: 27911814 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1614347113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The current dopamine (DA) hypothesis of schizophrenia postulates striatal hyperdopaminergia and cortical hypodopaminergia. Although partial agonists at DA D2 receptors (D2Rs), like aripiprazole, were developed to simultaneously target both phenomena, they do not effectively improve cortical dysfunction. In this study, we investigate the potential for newly developed β-arrestin2 (βarr2)-biased D2R partial agonists to simultaneously target hyper- and hypodopaminergia. Using neuron-specific βarr2-KO mice, we show that the antipsychotic-like effects of a βarr2-biased D2R ligand are driven through both striatal antagonism and cortical agonism of D2R-βarr2 signaling. Furthermore, βarr2-biased D2R agonism enhances firing of cortical fast-spiking interneurons. This enhanced cortical agonism of the biased ligand can be attributed to a lack of G-protein signaling and elevated expression of βarr2 and G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) kinase 2 in the cortex versus the striatum. Therefore, we propose that βarr2-biased D2R ligands that exert region-selective actions could provide a path to develop more effective antipsychotic therapies.
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57
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Mulas G, Espa E, Fenu S, Spiga S, Cossu G, Pillai E, Carboni E, Simbula G, Jadžić D, Angius F, Spolitu S, Batetta B, Lecca D, Giuffrida A, Carta AR. Differential induction of dyskinesia and neuroinflammation by pulsatile versus continuous l-DOPA delivery in the 6-OHDA model of Parkinson's disease. Exp Neurol 2016; 286:83-92. [PMID: 27697481 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2016.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is associated with l-DOPA treatment in Parkinson's disease (PD), suggesting a role in l-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID), however it is unclear whether increased inflammation is specifically related to the dyskinetic outcome of l-DOPA treatment. Diversely from oral l-DOPA, continuous intrajejunal l-DOPA infusion is associated with very low dyskinetic outcome in PD patients. We reproduced these regimens of administration in 6-OHDA-lesioned hemiparkinsonian rats, where dyskinetic responses and striatal neuroinflammation induced by chronic pulsatile (DOPAp) or continuous (DOPAc) l-DOPA were compared. Moreover, we investigated the contribution of a peripheral inflammatory challenge with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), to DOPAp-induced dyskinetic and neuroinflammatory responses. Rats 6-OHDA-infused in the medial forebrain bundle received two weeks treatment with DOPAp, DOPAc via subcutaneous osmotic minipumps, or DOPAp followed by DOPAc. l-DOPA plasma levels were measured in all experimental groups. An independent group of rats received one peripheral dose of LPS 24h before DOPAp treatment. Abnormal involuntary movements (AIMs) were evaluated as a rat model of LID. Immunoreactivity (IR) for OX-42, microglial and neuronal TNF-α, iNOS and GFAP was quantified in denervated and contralateral striatum. In addition, serum TNF-α was measured. The 6-OHDA denervation induced a mild microgliosis in the striatum two weeks after neurotoxin infusion, and increased TNF-α IR in microglia. Rats receiving the DOPAp treatment developed AIMs and displayed increased striatal OX-42, microglial TNF-α, iNOS and GFAP. Moreover, TNF-α IR was also increased in a subpopulation of striatal neurons. Conversely, DOPAc did not induce AIMs or inflammatory responses in either drug-naïve animals or rats that were previously dyskinetic when exposed to DOPAp. Serum TNF-α was not altered by any l-DOPA treatment. LPS pre-treatment increased the degree of DOPAp-induced AIMs and striatal IR for OX-42, TNF-α, iNOS and GFAP. Altogether the present findings indicate that in the 6-OHDA model, chronic l-DOPA induces striatal inflammatory responses, which however depend upon the administration regimen and the dyskinetic outcome of drug treatment. The potentiation of dyskinetic responses by LPS suggests a reciprocal causal link between neuroinflammation and LID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Mulas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, S.P. N. 8, 09042, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Elena Espa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, S.P. N. 8, 09042, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Sandro Fenu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, S.P. N. 8, 09042, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Saturnino Spiga
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, via Fiorelli 1, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Cossu
- Department of Neurology, AOB "G. Brotzu" General Hospital, via Peretti 2, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Pillai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, S.P. N. 8, 09042, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Ezio Carboni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, S.P. N. 8, 09042, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Gabriella Simbula
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, S.P. N. 8, 09042, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Dragana Jadžić
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, S.P. N. 8, 09042, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Angius
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, S.P. N. 8, 09042, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Stefano Spolitu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, S.P. N. 8, 09042, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Barbara Batetta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, S.P. N. 8, 09042, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Daniela Lecca
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, S.P. N. 8, 09042, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Andrea Giuffrida
- Department of Pharmacology, UT Health Science Center San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, United States
| | - Anna R Carta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, S.P. N. 8, 09042, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy.
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Del-Bel E, Bortolanza M, Dos-Santos-Pereira M, Bariotto K, Raisman-Vozari R. l-DOPA-induced dyskinesia in Parkinson's disease: Are neuroinflammation and astrocytes key elements? Synapse 2016; 70:479-500. [DOI: 10.1002/syn.21941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Del-Bel
- Department of MFPB-Physiology; FORP, Campus USP, University of São Paulo; Av. Café, s/no Ribeirão Preto SP 14040-904 Brazil
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA); São Paulo Brazil
- Department of Physiology; FMRP; São Paulo Brazil
- Department of Neurology and Behavioral Neuroscience; FMRP, Campus USP, University of São Paulo; Av. Bandeirantes 13400 Ribeirão Preto SP 14049-900 Brazil
| | - Mariza Bortolanza
- Department of MFPB-Physiology; FORP, Campus USP, University of São Paulo; Av. Café, s/no Ribeirão Preto SP 14040-904 Brazil
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA); São Paulo Brazil
| | - Maurício Dos-Santos-Pereira
- Department of MFPB-Physiology; FORP, Campus USP, University of São Paulo; Av. Café, s/no Ribeirão Preto SP 14040-904 Brazil
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA); São Paulo Brazil
- Department of Physiology; FMRP; São Paulo Brazil
| | - Keila Bariotto
- Department of MFPB-Physiology; FORP, Campus USP, University of São Paulo; Av. Café, s/no Ribeirão Preto SP 14040-904 Brazil
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA); São Paulo Brazil
- Department of Neurology and Behavioral Neuroscience; FMRP, Campus USP, University of São Paulo; Av. Bandeirantes 13400 Ribeirão Preto SP 14049-900 Brazil
| | - Rita Raisman-Vozari
- INSERM UMR 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, UPMC; Thérapeutique Expérimentale de la Neurodégénérescence, Hôpital de la Salpetrière-ICM (Institut du cerveau et de la moelle épinière); Paris France
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59
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Figge DA, Eskow Jaunarajs KL, Standaert DG. Dynamic DNA Methylation Regulates Levodopa-Induced Dyskinesia. J Neurosci 2016; 36:6514-24. [PMID: 27307239 PMCID: PMC5015786 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0683-16.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID) is a persistent behavioral sensitization that develops after repeated levodopa (l-DOPA) exposure in Parkinson disease patients. LID is a consequence of sustained changes in the transcriptional behavior of striatal neurons following dopaminergic stimulation. In neurons, transcriptional regulation through dynamic DNA methylation has been shown pivotal to many long-term behavioral modifications; however, its role in LID has not yet been explored. Using a rodent model, we show LID development leads to the aberrant expression of DNA demethylating enzymes and locus-specific changes to DNA methylation at the promoter regions of genes aberrantly transcribed following l-DOPA treatment. Looking for dynamic DNA methylation in LID genome-wide, we used reduced representation bisulfite sequencing and found an extensive reorganization of the dorsal striatal methylome. LID development led to significant demethylation at many important regulatory areas of aberrantly transcribed genes. We used pharmacologic treatments that alter DNA methylation bidirectionally and found them able to modulate dyskinetic behaviors. Together, these findings demonstrate that l-DOPA induces widespread changes to striatal DNA methylation and that these modifications are required for the development and maintenance of LID. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID) develops after repeated levodopa (l-DOPA) exposure in Parkinson disease patients and remains one of the primary obstacles to effective treatment. LID behaviors are a consequence of striatal neuron sensitization due to sustained changes in transcriptional behavior; however, the mechanisms responsible for the long-term maintenance of this cellular priming remain uncertain. Regulation of dynamic DNA methylation has been shown pivotal to the maintenance of several long-term behavioral modifications, yet its role in LID has not yet been explored. In this work, we report a pivotal role for the reorganization of DNA methylation in the development of LID and show that modification of DNA methylation may be a novel therapeutic target for use in preventing or reversing dyskinetic behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Figge
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Karen L Eskow Jaunarajs
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - David G Standaert
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
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60
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Effect of the C-terminal domain of the heavy chain of tetanus toxin on dyskinesia caused by levodopa in 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2016; 145:33-44. [PMID: 27090294 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2015] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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61
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Toll L, Bruchas MR, Calo' G, Cox BM, Zaveri NT. Nociceptin/Orphanin FQ Receptor Structure, Signaling, Ligands, Functions, and Interactions with Opioid Systems. Pharmacol Rev 2016; 68:419-57. [PMID: 26956246 PMCID: PMC4813427 DOI: 10.1124/pr.114.009209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The NOP receptor (nociceptin/orphanin FQ opioid peptide receptor) is the most recently discovered member of the opioid receptor family and, together with its endogenous ligand, N/OFQ, make up the fourth members of the opioid receptor and opioid peptide family. Because of its more recent discovery, an understanding of the cellular and behavioral actions induced by NOP receptor activation are less well developed than for the other members of the opioid receptor family. All of these factors are important because NOP receptor activation has a clear modulatory role on mu opioid receptor-mediated actions and thereby affects opioid analgesia, tolerance development, and reward. In addition to opioid modulatory actions, NOP receptor activation has important effects on motor function and other physiologic processes. This review discusses how NOP pharmacology intersects, contrasts, and interacts with the mu opioid receptor in terms of tertiary structure and mechanism of receptor activation; location of receptors in the central nervous system; mechanisms of desensitization and downregulation; cellular actions; intracellular signal transduction pathways; and behavioral actions with respect to analgesia, tolerance, dependence, and reward. This is followed by a discussion of the agonists and antagonists that have most contributed to our current knowledge. Because NOP receptors are highly expressed in brain and spinal cord and NOP receptor activation sometimes synergizes with mu receptor-mediated actions and sometimes opposes them, an understanding of NOP receptor pharmacology in the context of these interactions with the opioid receptors will be crucial to the development of novel therapeutics that engage the NOP receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence Toll
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, Port St. Lucie, Florida (L.T.); Departments of Anesthesiology, and Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri (M.R.B.); Section of Pharmacology, Department of Medical Science, and National Institute of Neurosciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy (G.C.); Professor of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland (B.M.C.); and Astraea Therapeutics, LLC, Mountain View, California (N.T.Z.)
| | - Michael R Bruchas
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, Port St. Lucie, Florida (L.T.); Departments of Anesthesiology, and Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri (M.R.B.); Section of Pharmacology, Department of Medical Science, and National Institute of Neurosciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy (G.C.); Professor of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland (B.M.C.); and Astraea Therapeutics, LLC, Mountain View, California (N.T.Z.)
| | - Girolamo Calo'
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, Port St. Lucie, Florida (L.T.); Departments of Anesthesiology, and Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri (M.R.B.); Section of Pharmacology, Department of Medical Science, and National Institute of Neurosciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy (G.C.); Professor of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland (B.M.C.); and Astraea Therapeutics, LLC, Mountain View, California (N.T.Z.)
| | - Brian M Cox
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, Port St. Lucie, Florida (L.T.); Departments of Anesthesiology, and Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri (M.R.B.); Section of Pharmacology, Department of Medical Science, and National Institute of Neurosciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy (G.C.); Professor of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland (B.M.C.); and Astraea Therapeutics, LLC, Mountain View, California (N.T.Z.)
| | - Nurulain T Zaveri
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, Port St. Lucie, Florida (L.T.); Departments of Anesthesiology, and Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri (M.R.B.); Section of Pharmacology, Department of Medical Science, and National Institute of Neurosciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy (G.C.); Professor of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland (B.M.C.); and Astraea Therapeutics, LLC, Mountain View, California (N.T.Z.)
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Smith LM, Parr-Brownlie LC, Duncan EJ, Black MA, Gemmell NJ, Dearden PK, Reynolds JNJ. Striatal mRNA expression patterns underlying peak dose L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia in the 6-OHDA hemiparkinsonian rat. Neuroscience 2016; 324:238-51. [PMID: 26968766 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Revised: 02/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
L-DOPA is the primary pharmacological treatment for relief of the motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD). With prolonged treatment (⩾5 years) the majority of patients will develop abnormal involuntary movements as a result of L-DOPA treatment, known as L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia. Understanding the underlying mechanisms of dyskinesia is a crucial step toward developing treatments for this debilitating side effect. We used the 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) rat model of PD treated with a three-week dosing regimen of L-DOPA plus the dopa decarboxylase inhibitor benserazide (4 mg/kg and 7.5 mg/kgs.c., respectively) to induce dyskinesia in 50% of individuals. We then used RNA-seq to investigate the differences in mRNA expression in the striatum of dyskinetic animals, non-dyskinetic animals, and untreated parkinsonian controls at the peak of dyskinesia expression, 60 min after L-DOPA administration. Overall, 255 genes were differentially expressed; with significant differences in mRNA expression observed between all three groups. In dyskinetic animals 129 genes were more highly expressed and 14 less highly expressed when compared with non-dyskinetic and untreated parkinsonian controls. In L-DOPA treated animals 42 genes were more highly expressed and 95 less highly expressed when compared with untreated parkinsonian controls. Gene set cluster analysis revealed an increase in expression of genes associated with the cytoskeleton and phosphoproteins in dyskinetic animals compared with non-dyskinetic animals, which is consistent with recent studies documenting an increase in synapses in dyskinetic animals. These genes may be potential targets for drugs to ameliorate L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia or as an adjunct treatment to prevent their occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Smith
- Brain Health Research Centre and Brain Research NZ Centre of Research Excellence, University of Otago, New Zealand; Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, New Zealand.
| | - L C Parr-Brownlie
- Brain Health Research Centre and Brain Research NZ Centre of Research Excellence, University of Otago, New Zealand; Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, New Zealand
| | - E J Duncan
- Gravida, National Centre for Growth and Development and the Laboratory for Evolution and Development, University of Otago, New Zealand; Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, New Zealand
| | - M A Black
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, New Zealand
| | - N J Gemmell
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, New Zealand
| | - P K Dearden
- Gravida, National Centre for Growth and Development and the Laboratory for Evolution and Development, University of Otago, New Zealand; Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, New Zealand
| | - J N J Reynolds
- Brain Health Research Centre and Brain Research NZ Centre of Research Excellence, University of Otago, New Zealand; Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, New Zealand
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63
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Gangarossa G, Guzman M, Prado VF, Prado MA, Daumas S, El Mestikawy S, Valjent E. Role of the atypical vesicular glutamate transporter VGLUT3 in l-DOPA-induced dyskinesia. Neurobiol Dis 2016; 87:69-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2015.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Calabresi P, Ghiglieri V, Mazzocchetti P, Corbelli I, Picconi B. Levodopa-induced plasticity: a double-edged sword in Parkinson's disease? Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2016; 370:rstb.2014.0184. [PMID: 26009763 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2014.0184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The long-term replacement therapy with the dopamine (DA) precursor 3,4-dihydroxy-l-phenylalanine (L-DOPA) is a milestone in the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD). Although this drug precursor can be metabolized into the active neurotransmitter DA throughout the brain, its therapeutic benefit is due to restoring extracellular DA levels within the dorsal striatum, which lacks endogenous DA as a consequence of the neurodegenerative process induced by the disease. In the early phases of PD, L-DOPA treatment is able to restore both long-term depression (LTD) and long-term potentiation (LTP), two major forms of corticostriatal synaptic plasticity that are altered by dopaminergic denervation. However, unlike physiological DA transmission, this therapeutic approach in the advanced phase of the disease leads to abnormal peaks of DA, non-synaptically released, which are supposed to trigger behavioural sensitization, namely L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia. This condition is characterized by a loss of synaptic depotentiation, an inability to reverse previously induced LTP. In the advanced stages of PD, L-DOPA can also induce non-motor fluctuations with cognitive dysfunction and neuropsychiatric symptoms such as compulsive behaviours and impulse control disorders. Although the mechanisms underlying the role of L-DOPA in both motor and behavioural symptoms are still incompletely understood, recent data from electrophysiological and imaging studies have increased our understanding of the function of the brain areas involved and of the mechanisms implicated in both therapeutic and adverse actions of L-DOPA in PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Calabresi
- Clinica Neurologica, Dipartimento di Medicina, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Ospedale Santa Maria della Misericordia, S. Andrea delle Fratte, Via Gambuli, Perugia 06156, Italy Fondazione Santa Lucia, IRCCS, via del Fosso di Fiorano 64, Rome 00143, Italy
| | - Veronica Ghiglieri
- Dipartimento di Filosofia, Scienze Sociali, Umane e della Formazione, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Piazza Ermini 1, Perugia 06123, Italy Fondazione Santa Lucia, IRCCS, via del Fosso di Fiorano 64, Rome 00143, Italy
| | - Petra Mazzocchetti
- Clinica Neurologica, Dipartimento di Medicina, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Ospedale Santa Maria della Misericordia, S. Andrea delle Fratte, Via Gambuli, Perugia 06156, Italy Fondazione Santa Lucia, IRCCS, via del Fosso di Fiorano 64, Rome 00143, Italy
| | - Ilenia Corbelli
- Clinica Neurologica, Dipartimento di Medicina, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Ospedale Santa Maria della Misericordia, S. Andrea delle Fratte, Via Gambuli, Perugia 06156, Italy
| | - Barbara Picconi
- Fondazione Santa Lucia, IRCCS, via del Fosso di Fiorano 64, Rome 00143, Italy
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Gadd45β ameliorates L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia in a Parkinson's disease mouse model. Neurobiol Dis 2016; 89:169-79. [PMID: 26875664 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2016.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The dopamine precursor 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-l-alanine (L-DOPA) is currently the most efficacious pharmacotherapy for Parkinson's disease (PD). However, long-term L-DOPA treatment leads to the development of abnormal involuntary movements (AIMs) in patients and animal models of PD. Recently, involvement of growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible 45β (Gadd45β) was reported in neurological and neurobehavioral dysfunctions. However, little is known about the role of Gadd45β in the dopaminergic nigrostriatal pathway or L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID). To address this issue, we prepared an animal model of PD using unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesions in the substantia nigra of Gadd45β(+/+) and Gadd45β(-/-) mice. Dyskinetic symptoms were triggered by repetitive administration of L-DOPA in these 6-OHDA-lesioned mice. Whereas dopamine denervation in the dorsal striatum decreased Gadd45β mRNA, chronic L-DOPA treatment significantly increased Gadd45β mRNA expression in the 6-OHDA-lesioned striatum of wild-type mice. Using unilaterally 6-OHDA-lesioned Gadd45β(+/+) and Gadd45β(-/-) mice, we found that mice lacking Gadd45β exhibited long-lasting increases in AIMs following repeated administration of L-DOPA. By contrast, adeno-associated virus-mediated expression of Gadd45β in the striatum reduced AIMs in Gadd45β knockout mice. The deficiency of Gadd45β in LID increased expression of ΔFosB and c-Fos in the lesioned striatum 90 min after the last administration of L-DOPA following 11days of daily L-DOPA treatments. These data suggest that the increased expression of Gadd45β induced by repeated administration of L-DOPA may be beneficial in patients with PD.
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Löhle M, Mende J, Wolz M, Beuthien-Baumann B, Oehme L, van den Hoff J, Kotzerke J, Reichmann H, Storch A. Putaminal dopamine turnover in de novo Parkinson disease predicts later motor complications. Neurology 2015; 86:231-40. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000002286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Marin C, Bonastre M, Mengod G, Cortés R, Rodríguez-Oroz M. From unilateral to bilateral parkinsonism: Effects of lateralization on dyskinesias and associated molecular mechanisms. Neuropharmacology 2015; 97:365-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Zhang K, Chammas C, Soghomonian JJ. Loss of glutamic acid decarboxylase (Gad67) in striatal neurons expressing the Drdr1a dopamine receptor prevents l-DOPA-induced dyskinesia in 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned mice. Neuroscience 2015; 303:586-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Revised: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Parikshak NN, Gandal MJ, Geschwind DH. Systems biology and gene networks in neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders. Nat Rev Genet 2015; 16:441-58. [PMID: 26149713 PMCID: PMC4699316 DOI: 10.1038/nrg3934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 287] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Genetic and genomic approaches have implicated hundreds of genetic loci in neurodevelopmental disorders and neurodegeneration, but mechanistic understanding continues to lag behind the pace of gene discovery. Understanding the role of specific genetic variants in the brain involves dissecting a functional hierarchy that encompasses molecular pathways, diverse cell types, neural circuits and, ultimately, cognition and behaviour. With a focus on transcriptomics, this Review discusses how high-throughput molecular, integrative and network approaches inform disease biology by placing human genetics in a molecular systems and neurobiological context. We provide a framework for interpreting network biology studies and leveraging big genomics data sets in neurobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelroop N Parikshak
- 1] Program in Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute, and Program in Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA. [2] Interdepartmental Program in Neuroscience, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Michael J Gandal
- 1] Program in Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute, and Program in Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA. [2] Center for Autism Treatment and Research, Semel Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Daniel H Geschwind
- 1] Program in Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute, and Program in Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA. [2] Interdepartmental Program in Neuroscience, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA. [3] Center for Autism Treatment and Research, Semel Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA. [4] Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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70
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Bastide MF, Meissner WG, Picconi B, Fasano S, Fernagut PO, Feyder M, Francardo V, Alcacer C, Ding Y, Brambilla R, Fisone G, Jon Stoessl A, Bourdenx M, Engeln M, Navailles S, De Deurwaerdère P, Ko WKD, Simola N, Morelli M, Groc L, Rodriguez MC, Gurevich EV, Quik M, Morari M, Mellone M, Gardoni F, Tronci E, Guehl D, Tison F, Crossman AR, Kang UJ, Steece-Collier K, Fox S, Carta M, Angela Cenci M, Bézard E. Pathophysiology of L-dopa-induced motor and non-motor complications in Parkinson's disease. Prog Neurobiol 2015. [PMID: 26209473 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 343] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Involuntary movements, or dyskinesia, represent a debilitating complication of levodopa (L-dopa) therapy for Parkinson's disease (PD). L-dopa-induced dyskinesia (LID) are ultimately experienced by the vast majority of patients. In addition, psychiatric conditions often manifested as compulsive behaviours, are emerging as a serious problem in the management of L-dopa therapy. The present review attempts to provide an overview of our current understanding of dyskinesia and other L-dopa-induced dysfunctions, a field that dramatically evolved in the past twenty years. In view of the extensive literature on LID, there appeared a critical need to re-frame the concepts, to highlight the most suitable models, to review the central nervous system (CNS) circuitry that may be involved, and to propose a pathophysiological framework was timely and necessary. An updated review to clarify our understanding of LID and other L-dopa-related side effects was therefore timely and necessary. This review should help in the development of novel therapeutic strategies aimed at preventing the generation of dyskinetic symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu F Bastide
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Wassilios G Meissner
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bordeaux, France
| | - Barbara Picconi
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Fondazione Santa Lucia, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Fasano
- Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Pierre-Olivier Fernagut
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Michael Feyder
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Veronica Francardo
- Basal Ganglia Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Cristina Alcacer
- Basal Ganglia Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Yunmin Ding
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Riccardo Brambilla
- Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Gilberto Fisone
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Jon Stoessl
- Pacific Parkinson's Research Centre and National Parkinson Foundation Centre of Excellence, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Mathieu Bourdenx
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Michel Engeln
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Sylvia Navailles
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Philippe De Deurwaerdère
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Wai Kin D Ko
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Nicola Simola
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuropsychopharmacology, Cagliari University, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Micaela Morelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuropsychopharmacology, Cagliari University, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Laurent Groc
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut Interdisciplinaire de neurosciences, UMR 5297, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut Interdisciplinaire de neurosciences, UMR 5297, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Maria-Cruz Rodriguez
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Donostia and Neuroscience Unit, Bio Donostia Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Eugenia V Gurevich
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Maryka Quik
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, CA 94025, USA
| | - Michele Morari
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Manuela Mellone
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Gardoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Tronci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Physiology Section, Cagliari University, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Dominique Guehl
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - François Tison
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Un Jung Kang
- Basal Ganglia Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Kathy Steece-Collier
- Michigan State University, College of Human Medicine, Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine & The Udall Center of Excellence in Parkinson's Disease Research, 333 Bostwick Ave NE, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Susan Fox
- Morton & Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Center, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M4T 2S8, Canada
| | - Manolo Carta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Physiology Section, Cagliari University, Cagliari, Italy
| | - M Angela Cenci
- Basal Ganglia Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Erwan Bézard
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; Motac Neuroscience Ltd, Manchester, UK.
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Visanji NP, Kamali Sarvestani I, Creed MC, Shams Shoaei Z, Nobrega JN, Hamani C, Hazrati LN. Deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus preferentially alters the translational profile of striatopallidal neurons in an animal model of Parkinson's disease. Front Cell Neurosci 2015; 9:221. [PMID: 26106299 PMCID: PMC4460554 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation targeting the subthalamic nucleus (STN-DBS) is an effective surgical treatment for the motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD), the precise neuronal mechanisms of which both at molecular and network levels remain a topic of debate. Here we employ two transgenic mouse lines, combining translating ribosomal affinity purification (TRAP) with bacterial artificial chromosome expression (Bac), to selectively identify changes in translational gene expression in either Drd1a-expressing striatonigral or Drd2-expressing striatopallidal medium spiny neurons (MSNs) of the striatum following STN-DBS. 6-hydroxydopamine lesioned mice received either 5 days stimulation via a DBS electrode implanted in the ipsilateral STN or 5 days sham treatment (no stimulation). Striatal polyribosomal RNA was selectively purified from either Drd2 or Drd1a MSNs using the TRAP method and gene expression profiling performed. We identified eight significantly altered genes in Drd2 MSNs (Vps33b, Ppp1r3c, Mapk4, Sorcs2, Neto1, Abca1, Penk1, and Gapdh) and two overlapping genes in Drd1a MSNs (Penk1 and Ppp1r3c) implicated in the molecular mechanisms of STN-DBS. A detailed functional analysis, using a further 728 probes implicated in STN-DBS, suggested an increased ability to receive excitation (mediated by increased dendritic spines, increased calcium influx and enhanced excitatory post synaptic potentials) accompanied by processes that would hamper the initiation of action potentials, transport of neurotransmitters from soma to axon terminals and vesicular release in Drd2-expressing MSNs. Finally, changes in expression of several genes involved in apoptosis as well as cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism were also identified. This increased understanding of the molecular mechanisms induced by STN-DBS may reveal novel targets for future non-surgical therapies for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi P Visanji
- Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Centre and the Edmund J. Safra Program in Parkinson's disease, Toronto Western Hospital Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Iman Kamali Sarvestani
- Faculty of Medicine, Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto Toronto, ON, Canada ; Department of Neuroscience, Stockholm Brain Institute, Karolinska Institute Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Meaghan C Creed
- Behavioural Neurobiology Laboratory, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Zahra Shams Shoaei
- Faculty of Medicine, Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - José N Nobrega
- Behavioural Neurobiology Laboratory, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Clement Hamani
- Behavioural Neurobiology Laboratory, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Toronto, ON, Canada ; Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lili-Naz Hazrati
- Faculty of Medicine, Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto Toronto, ON, Canada
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Gene expression analyses identify Narp contribution in the development of L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia. J Neurosci 2015; 35:96-111. [PMID: 25568106 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.5231-13.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In Parkinson's disease, long-term dopamine replacement therapy is complicated by the appearance of L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID). One major hypothesis is that LID results from an aberrant transcriptional program in striatal neurons induced by L-DOPA and triggered by the activation of ERK. To identify these genes, we performed transcriptome analyses in the striatum in 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned mice. A time course analysis (0-6 h after treatment with L-DOPA) identified an acute signature of 709 genes, among which genes involved in protein phosphatase activity were overrepresented, suggesting a negative feedback on ERK activation by l-DOPA. l-DOPA-dependent deregulation of 28 genes was blocked by pretreatment with SL327, an inhibitor of ERK activation, and 26 genes were found differentially expressed between highly and weakly dyskinetic animals after treatment with L-DOPA. The intersection list identified five genes: FosB, Th, Nptx2, Nedd4l, and Ccrn4l. Nptx2 encodes neuronal pentraxin II (or neuronal activity-regulated pentraxin, Narp), which is involved in the clustering of glutamate receptors. We confirmed increased Nptx2 expression after L-DOPA and its blockade by SL327 using quantitative RT-PCR in independent experiments. Using an escalating L-DOPA dose protocol, LID severity was decreased in Narp knock-out mice compared with their wild-type littermates or after overexpression of a dominant-negative form of Narp in the striatum. In conclusion, we have identified a molecular signature induced by L-DOPA in the dopamine-denervated striatum that is dependent on ERK and associated with LID. Here, we demonstrate the implication of one of these genes, Nptx2, in the development of LID.
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Ruiz-DeDiego I, Naranjo J, Hervé D, Moratalla R. Dopaminergic regulation of olfactory type G-protein α subunit expression in the striatum. Mov Disord 2015; 30:1039-49. [DOI: 10.1002/mds.26197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Revised: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- I. Ruiz-DeDiego
- Cajal Institute, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), CIBERNED; Madrid Spain
- CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, CIBERNED; Madrid Spain
| | - J.R. Naranjo
- CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, CIBERNED; Madrid Spain
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología; CSIC Madrid Spain
| | - D. Hervé
- Inserm UMR S-839, CIBERNED; Madrid Spain
- Institut du Fer à Moulin, CIBERNED; Madrid Spain
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie; Paris France
| | - R. Moratalla
- Cajal Institute, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), CIBERNED; Madrid Spain
- CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, CIBERNED; Madrid Spain
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74
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Fieblinger T, Cenci MA. Zooming in on the small: the plasticity of striatal dendritic spines in L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia. Mov Disord 2015; 30:484-93. [PMID: 25759263 DOI: 10.1002/mds.26139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Revised: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The spiny dendrites of striatal projection neurons integrate synaptic inputs of different origins to regulate movement. It has long been known that these dendrites lose spines and display atrophic features in Parkinson's disease (PD), but the significance of these morphological changes has remained unknown. Some recent studies reveal a remarkable structural plasticity of striatal spines in parkinsonian rodents treated with L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA), and they demonstrate an association between this plasticity and the development of dyskinesia. These studies used different approaches and animal models, which possibly explains why they emphasize different plastic changes as being most closely linked to dyskinesia (such as a growth of new spines in neurons of the indirect pathway, or a loss of spines in neurons of the direct pathway, or the appearance of spines with aberrant synaptic features). Clearly, further investigations are required to reconcile these intriguing findings and integrate them in a coherent pathophysiological model. Nevertheless, these studies may mark the beginning of a new era for dyskinesia research. In addition to addressing neurochemical and molecular events that trigger involuntary movements, there is a need to better understand the long-lasting structural reorganization of cells and circuits that maintain the brain in a "dyskinesia-prone" state. This may lead to the identification of new efficacious approaches to prevent the complications of dopaminergic therapies in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Fieblinger
- Basal Ganglia Pathophysiology Unit, Dept. Exp. Medical Science, Lund University, BMC F11, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
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75
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Iderberg H, Maslava N, Thompson AD, Bubser M, Niswender CM, Hopkins CR, Lindsley CW, Conn PJ, Jones CK, Cenci MA. Pharmacological stimulation of metabotropic glutamate receptor type 4 in a rat model of Parkinson's disease and L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia: Comparison between a positive allosteric modulator and an orthosteric agonist. Neuropharmacology 2015; 95:121-9. [PMID: 25749357 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Revised: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 4 (mGlu4) negatively modulates GABA and glutamate release in the 'indirect pathway' of the basal ganglia, and has thus been proposed as a potential target to treat motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease. Here, we present an extensive comparison of the behavioural effects produced by the mGlu4 positive allosteric modulator (PAM), VU0364770, and the mGlu4 orthosteric agonist, LSP1-2111, in rats with unilateral 6-OHDA lesions. The compounds' activity was initially assessed in a test of haloperidol-induced catalepsy in intact rats, and effective doses were then evaluated in the hemiparkinsonian animal model. Neither of the two compounds modified the development of dyskinetic behaviours elicited by chronic treatment with full doses of l-DOPA. When given together with l-DOPA to rats with already established dyskinesias, neither VU0364770 nor LSP1-2111 modified the abnormal involuntary movement scores. VU0364770 potentiated, however, the motor stimulant effect of a subthreshold l-DOPA dose in certain behavioural tests, whereas LSP1-2111 lacked this ability. Taken together, these results indicate that a pharmacological stimulation of mGlu4 lacks intrinsic antidyskinetic activity, but may have DOPA-sparing activity in Parkinson's disease. For the latter indication, mGlu4 PAMs appear to provide a better option than orthosteric agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Iderberg
- Basal Ganglia Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Sweden.
| | - Natallia Maslava
- Basal Ganglia Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Analisa D Thompson
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Michael Bubser
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Colleen M Niswender
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Corey R Hopkins
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Craig W Lindsley
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - P Jeffrey Conn
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Carrie K Jones
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - M Angela Cenci
- Basal Ganglia Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Sweden.
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76
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Wong MY, Borgkvist A, Choi SJ, Mosharov EV, Bamford NS, Sulzer D. Dopamine-dependent corticostriatal synaptic filtering regulates sensorimotor behavior. Neuroscience 2015; 290:594-607. [PMID: 25637802 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Revised: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Modulation of corticostriatal synaptic activity by dopamine is required for normal sensorimotor behaviors. After loss of nigrostriatal dopamine axons in Parkinson's disease, l-3,4-dihydroxyphenlalanine (l-DOPA) and dopamine D2-like receptor agonists are used as replacement therapy, although these drugs also trigger sensitized sensorimotor responses including dyskinesias and impulse control disorders. In mice, we lesioned dopamine projections to the left dorsal striatum and assayed unilateral sensorimotor deficits with the corridor test as well as presynaptic corticostriatal activity with the synaptic vesicle probe, FM1-43. Sham-lesioned mice acquired food equivalently on both sides, while D2 receptor activation filtered the less active corticostriatal terminals, a response that required coincident co-activation of mGlu-R5 metabotropic glutamate and CB1 endocannabinoid receptors. Lesioned mice did not acquire food from their right, but overused that side following treatment with l-DOPA. Synaptic filtering on the lesioned side was abolished by either l-DOPA or a D2 receptor agonist, but when combined with a CB1 receptor antagonist, l-DOPA or D2 agonists normalized both synaptic filtering and behavior. Thus, high-pass filtering of corticostriatal synapses by the coordinated activation of D2, mGlu-R5, and CB1 receptors is required for normal sensorimotor response to environmental cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Y Wong
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - A Borgkvist
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - S J Choi
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - E V Mosharov
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - N S Bamford
- Departments of Neurology, Pediatrics and Psychology, University of Washington and Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - D Sulzer
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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77
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Shi H, Yang X, Zhao H, Zhang S, Zu J, Zhang W, Shen X, Cui G, Hua F, Yan C. Ranitidine reduced levodopa-induced dyskinesia by remodeling neurochemical changes in hemiparkinsonian model of rats. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2015; 11:1331-7. [PMID: 26064051 PMCID: PMC4455849 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s80174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Levodopa (l-dopa) remains the best drug in the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD). Unfortunately, long-term l-dopa caused motor complications, one of which is l-dopa-induced dyskinesia (LID). The precise mechanisms of LID are not fully understood. We have previously reported that ranitidine could reduce LID by inhibiting the activity of protein kinase A pathway in a rat model of PD. It is demonstrated that neurotransmitters such as γ-aminobutyric-acid (GABA) and glutamate (Glu) are also involved in the expression of LID. But whether ranitidine could reduce LID by remodeling the neurochemical changes is unknown. METHODS In the present study, we produced PD rats by injection of 6-hydroxydopamine. Then PD rats were treated with vehicle, l-dopa (6 mg/kg, plus benserazide 12 mg/kg, intraperitoneal [ip]) or l-dopa (6 mg/kg, plus benserazide 12 mg/kg, ip) plus ranitidine (10 mg/kg, oral). Abnormal voluntary movements were adopted to measure the antidyskinetic effect of ranitidine in PD rats. Rotarod tests were used to observe whether ranitidine treatment affects the antiparkinsonian effect of l-dopa. In vivo microdialysis was used to measure nigral GABA and striatal Glu in PD rats. RESULTS We found that ranitidine pretreatment reduced abnormal voluntary movements in l-dopa-primed PD rats without affecting the antiparkinsonian effect of l-dopa. In parallel with behavioral improvement, ranitidine pretreatment reduced protein kinase A activity and suppressed the surge of nigral GABA and striatal Glu. CONCLUSION These data indicated that ranitidine could reduce LID by modeling neurochemical changes induced by l-dopa, suggesting a novel mechanism of ranitidine in the treatment of LID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjuan Shi
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital of Shangdong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China ; Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinxin Yang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China ; Institute of Neurological Diseases of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shenyang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Zu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Shen
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Guiyun Cui
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China ; Institute of Neurological Diseases of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Hua
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China ; Institute of Neurological Diseases of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanzhu Yan
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital of Shangdong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
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78
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Visanji NP. Novel transgenic technology reveals several molecular adaptations and potential therapeutic targets in the direct pathway in levodopa-induced dyskinesia. Mov Disord 2014; 29:721. [PMID: 24796816 DOI: 10.1002/mds.25906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Naomi P Visanji
- Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Center and the Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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79
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Mosharov EV, Borgkvist A, Sulzer D. Presynaptic effects of levodopa and their possible role in dyskinesia. Mov Disord 2014; 30:45-53. [PMID: 25450307 DOI: 10.1002/mds.26103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Revised: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Levodopa replacement therapy has long provided the most effective treatment for Parkinson's disease (PD). We review how this dopamine (DA) precursor enhances dopaminergic transmission by providing a greater sphere of neurotransmitter influence as a result of the confluence of increased quantal size and decreased DA reuptake, as well as loading DA as a false transmitter into surviving serotonin neuron synaptic vesicles. We further review literature on how presynaptic dysregulation of DA release after l-dopa might trigger dyskinesias in PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene V Mosharov
- Departments of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
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80
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Muñoz A, Garrido-Gil P, Dominguez-Meijide A, Labandeira-Garcia JL. Angiotensin type 1 receptor blockage reduces l-dopa-induced dyskinesia in the 6-OHDA model of Parkinson's disease. Involvement of vascular endothelial growth factor and interleukin-1β. Exp Neurol 2014; 261:720-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2014.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Revised: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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81
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Cell type-specific plasticity of striatal projection neurons in parkinsonism and L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia. Nat Commun 2014; 5:5316. [PMID: 25360704 PMCID: PMC4431763 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The striatum is widely viewed as the fulcrum of pathophysiology in Parkinson's disease (PD) and L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID). In these disease states, the balance in activity of striatal direct pathway spiny projection neurons (dSPNs) and indirect pathway spiny projection neurons (iSPNs) is disrupted, leading to aberrant action selection. However, it is unclear whether countervailing mechanisms are engaged in these states. Here we report that iSPN intrinsic excitability and excitatory corticostriatal synaptic connectivity were lower in PD models than normal; L-DOPA treatment restored these properties. Conversely, dSPN intrinsic excitability was elevated in tissue from PD models and suppressed in LID models. Although the synaptic connectivity of dSPNs did not change in PD models, it fell with L-DOPA treatment. In neither case, however, was the strength of corticostriatal connections globally scaled. Thus, SPNs manifested homeostatic adaptations in intrinsic excitability and in the number but not strength of excitatory corticostriatal synapses.
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82
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A Genetic Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease Shows Involuntary Movements and Increased Postsynaptic Sensitivity to Apomorphine. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 52:1152-1164. [PMID: 25307288 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-8911-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/28/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-synuclein (SNCA) protein aggregation plays a causal role in Parkinson's disease (PD). The SNCA protein modulates neurotransmission via the SNAP receptor (SNARE) complex assembly and presynaptic vesicle trafficking. The striatal presynaptic dopamine deficit is alleviated by treatment with levodopa (L-DOPA), but postsynaptic plastic changes induced by this treatment lead to a development of involuntary movements (dyskinesia). While this process is currently modeled in rodents harboring neurotoxin-induced lesions of the nigrostriatal pathway, we have here explored the postsynaptic supersensitivity of dopamine receptor-mediated signaling in a genetic mouse model of early PD. To this end, we used mice with prion promoter-driven overexpression of A53T-SNCA in the nigrostriatal and corticostriatal projections. At a symptomatic age (18 months), mice were challenged with apomorphine (5 mg/kg s.c.) and examined using both behavioral and molecular assays. After the administration of apomorphine, A53T-transgenic mice showed more severe stereotypic and dystonic movements in comparison with wild-type controls. Molecular markers of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) phosphorylation and dephosphorylation, and Fos messenger RNA (mRNA), were examined in striatal tissue at 30 and 100 min after apomorphine injection. At 30 min, wild-type and transgenic mice showed a similar induction of phosphorylated ERK1/2, Dusp1, and Dusp6 mRNA (two MAPK phosphatases). At the same time point, Fos mRNA was induced more strongly in mutant mice than in wild-type controls. At 100 min after apomorphine treatment, the induction of both Fos, Dusp1, and Dusp6 mRNA was significantly larger in mutant mice than wild-type controls. At this time point, apomorphine caused a reduction in phospho-ERK1/2 levels specifically in the transgenic mice. Our results document for the first time a disturbance of ERK1/2 signaling regulation associated with apomorphine-induced involuntary movements in a genetic mouse model of synucleinopathy. This mouse model will be useful to identify novel therapeutic targets that can counteract abnormal dopamine-dependent striatal plasticity during both prodromal and manifest stages of PD.
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83
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Södersten E, Feyder M, Lerdrup M, Gomes AL, Kryh H, Spigolon G, Caboche J, Fisone G, Hansen K. Dopamine signaling leads to loss of Polycomb repression and aberrant gene activation in experimental parkinsonism. PLoS Genet 2014; 10:e1004574. [PMID: 25254549 PMCID: PMC4177666 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycomb group (PcG) proteins bind to and repress genes in embryonic stem cells through lineage commitment to the terminal differentiated state. PcG repressed genes are commonly characterized by the presence of the epigenetic histone mark H3K27me3, catalyzed by the Polycomb repressive complex 2. Here, we present in vivo evidence for a previously unrecognized plasticity of PcG-repressed genes in terminally differentiated brain neurons of parkisonian mice. We show that acute administration of the dopamine precursor, L-DOPA, induces a remarkable increase in H3K27me3S28 phosphorylation. The induction of the H3K27me3S28p histone mark specifically occurs in medium spiny neurons expressing dopamine D1 receptors and is dependent on Msk1 kinase activity and DARPP-32-mediated inhibition of protein phosphatase-1. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) experiments showed that increased H3K27me3S28p was accompanied by reduced PcG binding to regulatory regions of genes. An analysis of the genome wide distribution of L-DOPA-induced H3K27me3S28 phosphorylation by ChIP sequencing (ChIP-seq) in combination with expression analysis by RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) showed that the induction of H3K27me3S28p correlated with increased expression of a subset of PcG repressed genes. We found that induction of H3K27me3S28p persisted during chronic L-DOPA administration to parkisonian mice and correlated with aberrant gene expression. We propose that dopaminergic transmission can activate PcG repressed genes in the adult brain and thereby contribute to long-term maladaptive responses including the motor complications, or dyskinesia, caused by prolonged administration of L-DOPA in Parkinson's disease. In Parkinson's disease (PD) the motor impairment produced by the progressive death of midbrain dopaminergic neurons is commonly treated with the dopamine precursor, L-DOPA. Utilizing a mouse model of PD, we show that L-DOPA, via activation of dopamine D1 receptors, promotes the expression of genes normally repressed by Polycomb group (PcG) proteins. We propose that this effect is exerted by promoting the phosphorylation of histone H3 on serine 28 at genomic regions marked by tri-methylation of the adjacent lysine 27, generating a H3K27me3S28p double-mark. This event leads to displacement of PcG proteins and aberrant gene expression. These findings reveal a previously unrecognized plasticity of PcG-repressed genes in terminally differentiated neurons. Furthermore, the identification of specific genes whose expression is increased upon prolonged treatment with L-DOPA and the consequential activation of dopamine D1 receptors offer a possibility to design novel therapeutic strategies to treat Parkinson's disease and potentially other disorders caused by dysfunctional dopaminergic transmission in the brain, such as drug addiction and schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Södersten
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC) and Centre for Epigenetics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michael Feyder
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mads Lerdrup
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC) and Centre for Epigenetics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ana-Luisa Gomes
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC) and Centre for Epigenetics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hanna Kryh
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC) and Centre for Epigenetics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Giada Spigolon
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jocelyne Caboche
- INSERM, U952, CNRS UMR 7224, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris 06, Paris, France
| | - Gilberto Fisone
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail: (GF); (KH)
| | - Klaus Hansen
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC) and Centre for Epigenetics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- * E-mail: (GF); (KH)
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84
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Surmeier DJ, Graves SM, Shen W. Dopaminergic modulation of striatal networks in health and Parkinson's disease. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2014; 29:109-17. [PMID: 25058111 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2014.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Revised: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In the last couple of years, there have been significant advances in our understanding of how dopamine modulates striatal circuits underlying goal-directed behaviors and how therapeutic interventions intended to normalize disordered dopaminergic signaling can go awry. This review summarizes some of the advances in this field with a translational focus on Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- D James Surmeier
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | - Steven M Graves
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Weixing Shen
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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85
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Cell type-specific mRNA purification by translating ribosome affinity purification (TRAP). Nat Protoc 2014; 9:1282-91. [PMID: 24810037 DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2014.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 316] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Cellular diversity and architectural complexity create barriers to understanding the function of the mammalian CNS at a molecular level. To address this problem, we have recently developed a methodology that provides the ability to profile the entire translated mRNA complement of any genetically defined cell population. This methodology, which we termed translating ribosome affinity purification, or TRAP, combines cell type-specific transgene expression with affinity purification of translating ribosomes. TRAP can be used to study the cell type-specific mRNA profiles of any genetically defined cell type, and it has been used in organisms ranging from Drosophila melanogaster to mice and human cultured cells. Unlike other methodologies that rely on microdissection, cell panning or cell sorting, the TRAP methodology bypasses the need for tissue fixation or single-cell suspensions (and the potential artifacts that these treatments introduce) and reports on mRNAs in the entire cell body. This protocol provides a step-by-step guide to implement the TRAP methodology, which takes 2 d to complete once all materials are in hand.
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