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Diop SB, Birse RT, Bodmer R. High Fat Diet Feeding and High Throughput Triacylglyceride Assay in Drosophila Melanogaster. J Vis Exp 2017. [PMID: 28930984 DOI: 10.3791/56029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart disease is the number one cause of human death worldwide. Numerous studies have shown strong connections between obesity and cardiac malfunction in humans, but more tools and research efforts are needed to better elucidate the mechanisms involved. For over a century, the genetically highly tractable model of Drosophila has been instrumental in the discovery of key genes and molecular pathways that proved to be highly conserved across species. Many biological processes and disease mechanisms are functionally conserved in the fly, such as development (e.g., body plan, heart), cancer, and neurodegenerative disease. Recently, the study of obesity and secondary pathologies, such as heart disease in model organisms, has played a highly critical role in the identification of key regulators involved in metabolic syndrome in humans. Here, we propose to use this model organism as an efficient tool to induce obesity, i.e., excessive fat accumulation, and develop an efficient protocol to monitor fat content in the form of TAGs accumulation. In addition to the highly conserved, but less complex genome, the fly also has a short lifespan for rapid experimentation, combined with cost-effectiveness. This paper provides a detailed protocol for High Fat Diet (HFD) feeding in Drosophila to induce obesity and a high throughput triacylglyceride (TAG) assay for measuring the associated increase in fat content, with the aim to be highly reproducible and efficient for large-scale genetic or chemical screening. These protocols offer new opportunities to efficiently investigate regulatory mechanisms involved in obesity, as well as provide a standardized platform for drug discovery research for rapid testing of the effect of drug candidates on the development or prevention of obesity, diabetes and related metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soda Balla Diop
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute;
| | - Ryan T Birse
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute
| | - Rolf Bodmer
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute
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52
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Tissue-specific insulin signaling mediates female sexual attractiveness. PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1006935. [PMID: 28817572 PMCID: PMC5560536 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals choose their mates so as to maximize reproductive success, and one important component of this choice is assessment of traits reflecting mate quality. Little is known about why specific traits are used for mate quality assessment nor about how they reflect it. We have previously shown that global manipulation of insulin signaling, a nutrient-sensing pathway governing investment in survival versus reproduction, affects female sexual attractiveness in the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster. Here we demonstrate that these effects on attractiveness derive from insulin signaling in the fat body and ovarian follicle cells, whose signals are integrated by pheromone-producing cells called oenocytes. Functional ovaries were required for global insulin signaling effects on attractiveness, and manipulations of insulin signaling specifically in late follicle cells recapitulated effects of global manipulations. Interestingly, modulation of insulin signaling in the fat body produced opposite effects on attractiveness, suggesting a competitive relationship with the ovary. Furthermore, all investigated tissue-specific insulin signaling manipulations that changed attractiveness also changed fecundity in the corresponding direction, pointing to insulin pathway activity as a reliable link between fecundity and attractiveness cues. The cues themselves, cuticular hydrocarbons, responded distinctly to fat body and follicle cell manipulations, indicating independent readouts of the pathway activity from these two tissues. Thus, here we describe a system in which female attractiveness results from an apparent connection between attractiveness cues and an organismal state of high fecundity, both of which are created by lowered insulin signaling in the fat body and increased insulin signaling in late follicle cells.
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53
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Macedo GE, Gomes KK, Rodrigues NR, Martins IK, Wallau GDL, Carvalho NRD, Cruz LCD, Costa Silva DGD, Boligon AA, Franco JL, Posser T. Senecio brasiliensis impairs eclosion rate and induces apoptotic cell death in larvae of Drosophila melanogaster. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2017; 198:45-57. [PMID: 28529177 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Senecio brasilienis (Spreng) Less., is a species native from Brazil, popularly known as "Maria mole", and known to induce hepatotoxicity due to its high content of Pyrrolizidine alkaloids. Despite its toxicity, this plant is widely used in Brazilian folk medicine. Considering the antagonizing effects described for S. brasiliensis, we describe here molecular markers involved in the toxicity of hydroalcoholic extract from leaves of S. brasiliensis (HESB) in Drosophila melanogaster. Phytochemical analysis of HESB revealed the presence of phenolic acids and flavonoids. A significant antioxidant potential against ABTS+ and DPPH radical was found in parallel. Ingestion of extract did not alter the survival and locomotor activity of adult flies. However when ingested along the larval developmental phase, the eclosion rate of flies was interrupted at higher concentration of extract. To comprehend this phenomenon several analysis were conducted in larvae. HESB stimulated activity of antioxidant enzymes SOD and GST, and increased GSH/GSSG ratio and ROS production. Additionally, HESB caused a significant decrease of cell viability. The mRNA expression of Nrf2, TrxR, CAT, Drice and Dilp6 were also significantly up-regulated. HESB caused significant decrease on the phosphorylation of MAPKs and AKT. In parallel, PARP cleavage and caspases 3/7 activity were stimulated. In addition, glucose, glycogen and triglycerides levels were decreased. Taken together our study depicts a disruption in the eclosion of D. melanogaster possibly attributed to the inhibition of kinases implied in developmental process, energetic demand and induction of apoptotic cell death process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulianna Echeverria Macedo
- Oxidative Stress and Cell Signaling Research Group, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Campus São Gabriel, 97300-000 São Gabriel, RS, Brazil
| | - Karen Kich Gomes
- Oxidative Stress and Cell Signaling Research Group, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Campus São Gabriel, 97300-000 São Gabriel, RS, Brazil
| | - Nathane Rosa Rodrigues
- Oxidative Stress and Cell Signaling Research Group, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Campus São Gabriel, 97300-000 São Gabriel, RS, Brazil
| | - Illana Kemmerich Martins
- Oxidative Stress and Cell Signaling Research Group, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Campus São Gabriel, 97300-000 São Gabriel, RS, Brazil
| | - Gabriel da Luz Wallau
- Entomology Department, Aggeu Magalhães Research Center, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, 50.740-465 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Nélson Rodrigues de Carvalho
- Oxidative Stress and Cell Signaling Research Group, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Campus São Gabriel, 97300-000 São Gabriel, RS, Brazil
| | - Litiele Cezar da Cruz
- Oxidative Stress and Cell Signaling Research Group, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Campus São Gabriel, 97300-000 São Gabriel, RS, Brazil
| | - Dennis Guilherme da Costa Silva
- Oxidative Stress and Cell Signaling Research Group, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Campus São Gabriel, 97300-000 São Gabriel, RS, Brazil
| | - Aline Augusti Boligon
- Phytochemical Research Laboratory, Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Federal University of Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Jeferson Luis Franco
- Oxidative Stress and Cell Signaling Research Group, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Campus São Gabriel, 97300-000 São Gabriel, RS, Brazil
| | - Thaís Posser
- Oxidative Stress and Cell Signaling Research Group, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Campus São Gabriel, 97300-000 São Gabriel, RS, Brazil.
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54
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Burggren W, Souder BM, Ho DH. Metabolic rate and hypoxia tolerance are affected by group interactions and sex in the fruit fly ( Drosophila melanogaster): new data and a literature survey. Biol Open 2017; 6:471-480. [PMID: 28202465 PMCID: PMC5399560 DOI: 10.1242/bio.023994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Population density and associated behavioral adjustments are potentially important in regulating physiological performance in many animals. In r-selected species like the fruit fly (Drosophila), where population density rapidly shifts in unpredictable and unstable environments, density-dependent physiological adjustments may aid survival of individuals living in a social environment. Yet, how population density (and associated social behaviors) affects physiological functions like metabolism is poorly understood in insects. Additionally, insects often show marked sexual dimorphism (larger females). Thus, in this study on D. melanogaster, we characterized the effects of fly density and sex on both mass-specific routine oxygen consumption (V̇O2) and hypoxia tolerance (PCrit). Females had significantly lower routine V̇O2 (∼4 µl O2 mg−1 h−1) than males (∼6 µl O2 mg−1 h−1) at an average fly density of 28 flies·respirometer chamber−1. However, V̇O2 was inversely related to fly density in males, with V̇O2 ranging from 4 to 11 µl O2 mg−1 h−1 at a density of 10 and 40 flies·chamber−1, respectively (r2=0.58, P<0.001). Female flies showed a similar but less pronounced effect, with a V̇O2 of 4 and 7 µl O2 mg−1 h−1 at a density of 10 and 40 flies·chamber−1, respectively (r2=0.43, P<0.001). PCrit (∼5.5 to 7.5 kPa) varied significantly with density in male (r2=0.50, P<0.01) but not female (r2=0.02, P>0.5) flies, with higher fly densities having a lower PCrit. An extensive survey of the literature on metabolism in fruit flies indicates that not all studies control for, or even report on, fly density and gender, both of which may affect metabolic measurements. Summary: Technical advances allowing oxygen consumption measurement in individual fruit flies actually take them out of their normal highly social context, resulting in higher oxygen consumption rates than in natural groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warren Burggren
- Developmental Integrative Biology Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA
| | - BriAnna M Souder
- Developmental Integrative Biology Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA
| | - Dao H Ho
- Department of Clinical Investigation, Tripler Army Medical Center, Honolulu, HI 96859, USA
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55
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Adipocyte Metabolic Pathways Regulated by Diet Control the Female Germline Stem Cell Lineage in Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics 2017; 206:953-971. [PMID: 28396508 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.117.201921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutrients affect adult stem cells through complex mechanisms involving multiple organs. Adipocytes are highly sensitive to diet and have key metabolic roles, and obesity increases the risk for many cancers. How diet-regulated adipocyte metabolic pathways influence normal stem cell lineages, however, remains unclear. Drosophila melanogaster has highly conserved adipocyte metabolism and a well-characterized female germline stem cell (GSC) lineage response to diet. Here, we conducted an isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) proteomic analysis to identify diet-regulated adipocyte metabolic pathways that control the female GSC lineage. On a rich (relative to poor) diet, adipocyte Hexokinase-C and metabolic enzymes involved in pyruvate/acetyl-CoA production are upregulated, promoting a shift of glucose metabolism toward macromolecule biosynthesis. Adipocyte-specific knockdown shows that these enzymes support early GSC progeny survival. Further, enzymes catalyzing fatty acid oxidation and phosphatidylethanolamine synthesis in adipocytes promote GSC maintenance, whereas lipid and iron transport from adipocytes controls vitellogenesis and GSC number, respectively. These results show a functional relationship between specific metabolic pathways in adipocytes and distinct processes in the GSC lineage, suggesting the adipocyte metabolism-stem cell link as an important area of investigation in other stem cell systems.
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56
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Liu Q, Jin LH. Organ-to-Organ Communication: A Drosophila Gastrointestinal Tract Perspective. Front Cell Dev Biol 2017; 5:29. [PMID: 28421183 PMCID: PMC5376570 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2017.00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The long-term maintenance of an organism's homeostasis and health relies on the accurate regulation of organ-organ communication. Recently, there has been growing interest in using the Drosophila gastrointestinal tract to elucidate the regulatory programs that underlie the complex interactions between organs. Data obtained in this field have dramatically improved our understanding of how organ-organ communication contributes to the regulation of various aspects of the intestine, including its metabolic and physiological status. However, although research uncovering regulatory programs associated with interorgan communication has provided key insights, the underlying mechanisms have not been extensively explored. In this review, we highlight recent findings describing gut-neighbor and neighbor-neighbor communication models in adults and larvae, respectively, with a special focus on how a range of critical strategies concerning continuous interorgan communication and adjustment can be used to manipulate different aspects of biological processes. Given the high degree of similarity between the Drosophila and mammalian intestinal epithelia, it can be anticipated that further analyses of the Drosophila gastrointestinal tract will facilitate the discovery of similar mechanisms underlying organ-organ communication in other mammalian organs, such as the human intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Liu
- Department of Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry UniversityHarbin, China
| | - Li Hua Jin
- Department of Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry UniversityHarbin, China
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57
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Ugur B, Chen K, Bellen HJ. Drosophila tools and assays for the study of human diseases. Dis Model Mech 2016; 9:235-44. [PMID: 26935102 PMCID: PMC4833332 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.023762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 303] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Many of the internal organ systems of Drosophila melanogaster are functionally analogous to those in vertebrates, including humans. Although humans and flies differ greatly in terms of their gross morphological and cellular features, many of the molecular mechanisms that govern development and drive cellular and physiological processes are conserved between both organisms. The morphological differences are deceiving and have led researchers to undervalue the study of invertebrate organs in unraveling pathogenic mechanisms of diseases. In this review and accompanying poster, we highlight the physiological and molecular parallels between fly and human organs that validate the use of Drosophila to study the molecular pathogenesis underlying human diseases. We discuss assays that have been developed in flies to study the function of specific genes in the central nervous system, heart, liver and kidney, and provide examples of the use of these assays to address questions related to human diseases. These assays provide us with simple yet powerful tools to study the pathogenic mechanisms associated with human disease-causing genes. Editors' choice - Drosophila Collection: In this review and accompanying poster, we highlight the physiological and molecular parallels between fly and human organs that validate the use of Drosophila to study the molecular pathogenesis underlying human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berrak Ugur
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kuchuan Chen
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hugo J Bellen
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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58
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Defferrari MS, Orchard I, Lange AB. An Insulin-Like Growth Factor in Rhodnius prolixus Is Involved in Post-feeding Nutrient Balance and Growth. Front Neurosci 2016; 10:566. [PMID: 28018164 PMCID: PMC5145886 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth of organisms is modulated by the availability of nutrients and energy, and is mostly regulated by insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) through the insulin signaling system. In insects, IGFs produced by the fat body induce cell division during the molt cycle, regulate adult body size, and have metabolic effects. Here, we describe an IGF from the hematophagous hemipteran Rhodnius prolixus and show its activity in regulating growth and metabolism in the post-feeding period during the fifth, and last, nymphal instar. Rhopr-IGF transcript is present in a variety of tissues, with greatest expression in the fat body, the dorsal vessel, and the CNS. We silenced the expression of the transcript using RNA interference, and at 2 weeks after feeding, insects with reduced Rhopr-IGF expression showed increased hemolymph lipid and carbohydrate levels when compared to controls, but no differences were observed in fat body lipid or carbohydrate content. In order to assess the role of Rhopr-IGF in post-feeding growth, double stranded IGF-injected insects were followed through ecdysis, and this treatment resulted in shorter adults, with shorter and narrower wings, when compared to controls. The results suggest that Rhopr-IGF modulates growth in R. prolixus most likely through altering the usage of nutrients that are available in the hemolymph.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina S Defferrari
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga Mississauga, ON, Canada
| | - Ian Orchard
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga Mississauga, ON, Canada
| | - Angela B Lange
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga Mississauga, ON, Canada
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59
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Abstract
Studies in mammals and Drosophila have demonstrated the existence and significance of secreted factors involved in communication between distal organs. In this review, primarily focusing on Drosophila, we examine the known interorgan communication factors and their functions, physiological inducers, and integration in regulating physiology. Moreover, we describe how organ-sensing screens in Drosophila can systematically identify novel conserved interorgan communication factors. Finally, we discuss how interorgan communication enabled and evolved as a result of specialization of organs. Together, we anticipate that future studies will establish a model for metazoan interorgan communication network (ICN) and how it is deregulated in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilia A Droujinine
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; ,
| | - Norbert Perrimon
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; ,
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
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60
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Abstract
The last two years of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) research has yielded a vast literature highlighting the central role IGFs factors play in processes such as development, growth, aging and neurological function. It also provides our latest understanding of how IGF system perturbation is linked to diseases including growth deficiency, cancer, and neurological and cardiovascular diseases. A snapshot of the highlights is presented in this review, focussing on the topics of IGFs and growth, comparative and structural biology to understand insulin-like peptide function, IGFs and cancer, and IGFs and neurological function. New revelations in the IGF field include the unexpected discovery that the gut microbiome has a remarkable influence on the GH/IGF axis to influence growth, that the insulin of cone snails provides novel insight into the mechanism of receptor binding, and that macrophages in the tumour microenvironment can provide IGF-I to promote drug resistance. These advances and many others provide the exciting basis for future development of disease treatments and for biomarkers of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Briony E Forbes
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Flinders University of South Australia, Bedford Park 5042, South Australia, Australia.
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61
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Cinnamon E, Makki R, Sawala A, Wickenberg LP, Blomquist GJ, Tittiger C, Paroush Z, Gould AP. Drosophila Spidey/Kar Regulates Oenocyte Growth via PI3-Kinase Signaling. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1006154. [PMID: 27500738 PMCID: PMC4976899 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell growth and proliferation depend upon many different aspects of lipid metabolism. One key signaling pathway that is utilized in many different anabolic contexts involves Phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and its membrane lipid products, the Phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphates. It remains unclear, however, which other branches of lipid metabolism interact with the PI3K signaling pathway. Here, we focus on specialized fat metabolizing cells in Drosophila called larval oenocytes. In the presence of dietary nutrients, oenocytes undergo PI3K-dependent cell growth and contain very few lipid droplets. In contrast, during starvation, oenocytes decrease PI3K signaling, shut down cell growth and accumulate abundant lipid droplets. We now show that PI3K in larval oenocytes, but not in fat body cells, functions to suppress lipid droplet accumulation. Several enzymes of fatty acid, triglyceride and hydrocarbon metabolism are required in oenocytes primarily for lipid droplet induction rather than for cell growth. In contrast, a very long chain fatty-acyl-CoA reductase (FarO) and a putative lipid dehydrogenase/reductase (Spidey, also known as Kar) not only promote lipid droplet induction but also inhibit oenocyte growth. In the case of Spidey/Kar, we show that the growth suppression mechanism involves inhibition of the PI3K signaling pathway upstream of Akt activity. Together, the findings in this study show how Spidey/Kar and FarO regulate the balance between the cell growth and lipid storage of larval oenocytes. Lipids play diverse roles in health and disease. Some types of lipids function as metabolic fuels for energy homeostasis, whereas others act as components of cell membranes or serve as signals regulating cell behaviors. Much, however, remains to be discovered about the molecular connections between different categories of lipids. Phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) is an enzyme that synthesizes phosphatidylinositide lipids, which act as signals essential for growth during normal development and cancer. Using genetics in the fruit fly, Drosophila, we identify new regulatory links between phosphatidylinositides and lipid oxidoreductases in specialized fat-metabolizing cells called oenocytes. We find that an enzyme metabolizing very long chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) and also a putative lipid dehydrogenase/reductase both act to prevent the inappropriate overgrowth of oenocytes. In the case of the latter enzyme, it suppresses cell growth by inhibiting phosphatidylinositide signaling. Future studies will determine whether similar lipid enzymes regulate PI3K signaling in other cell and tissue types during normal development and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Einat Cinnamon
- The Francis Crick Institute, Mill Hill Laboratory, Mill Hill, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rami Makki
- The Francis Crick Institute, Mill Hill Laboratory, Mill Hill, London, United Kingdom
| | - Annick Sawala
- The Francis Crick Institute, Mill Hill Laboratory, Mill Hill, London, United Kingdom
| | - Leah P. Wickenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, Nevada, United States of America
| | - Gary J. Blomquist
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, Nevada, United States of America
| | - Claus Tittiger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, Nevada, United States of America
| | - Ze'ev Paroush
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel Canada (IMRIC), Faculty of Medicine, the Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Alex P. Gould
- The Francis Crick Institute, Mill Hill Laboratory, Mill Hill, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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62
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Gáliková M, Klepsatel P, Xu Y, Kühnlein RP. The obesity-related Adipokinetic hormone controls feeding and expression of neuropeptide regulators ofDrosophilametabolism. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201600138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Gáliková
- Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry; Research Group Molecular Physiology; Göttingen Germany
| | - Peter Klepsatel
- Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry; Research Group Molecular Physiology; Göttingen Germany
| | - Yanjun Xu
- Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry; Research Group Molecular Physiology; Göttingen Germany
| | - Ronald P. Kühnlein
- Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry; Research Group Molecular Physiology; Göttingen Germany
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63
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Wiemerslage L, Gohel PA, Maestri G, Hilmarsson TG, Mickael M, Fredriksson R, Williams MJ, Schiöth HB. The Drosophila ortholog of TMEM18 regulates insulin and glucagon-like signaling. J Endocrinol 2016; 229:233-43. [PMID: 27029472 DOI: 10.1530/joe-16-0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Transmembrane protein 18 (TMEM18) is an ill-described, obesity-related gene, but few studies have explored its molecular function. We found single-nucleotide polymorphism data, suggesting that TMEM18 may be involved in the regulation/physiology of metabolic syndrome based on associations with insulin, homeostatic model assessment-β (HOMAβ), triglycerides, and blood sugar. We then found an ortholog in the Drosophila genome, knocked down Drosophila Tmem18 specifically in insulin-producing cells, and tested for its effects on metabolic function. Our results suggest that TMEM18 affects substrate levels through insulin and glucagon signaling, and its downregulation induces a metabolic state resembling type 2 diabetes. This work is the first to experimentally describe the metabolic consequences of TMEM18 knockdown, and further supports its association with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyle Wiemerslage
- Department of NeuroscienceFunctional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Priya A Gohel
- Department of NeuroscienceFunctional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Giulia Maestri
- Department of NeuroscienceFunctional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Torfi G Hilmarsson
- Department of NeuroscienceFunctional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Michel Mickael
- Department of NeuroscienceFunctional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Robert Fredriksson
- Department of NeuroscienceFunctional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Michael J Williams
- Department of NeuroscienceFunctional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Helgi B Schiöth
- Department of NeuroscienceFunctional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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64
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Katewa S. Fat Turnover Assay in Drosophila. Bio Protoc 2016. [DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.1996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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