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Abstract
The past few decades have witnessed increasing research clarifying the role of endocrine signaling in the regulation of aging in both vertebrates and invertebrates. Studies using the model organism fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster have largely advanced our understanding of evolutionarily conserved mechanisms in the endocrinology of aging and anti-aging. Mutations in single genes involved in endocrine signaling modify lifespan, as do alterations of endocrine signaling in a tissue- or cell-specific manner, highlighting a central role of endocrine signaling in coordinating the crosstalk between tissues and cells to determine the pace of aging. Here, we review the current landscape of research in D. melanogaster that offers valuable insights into the endocrine-governed mechanisms which influence lifespan and age-related physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyin Qian
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Niwa
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan,
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2
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Abstract
A thorough understanding of the mechanisms controlling energy homeostasis is needed to prevent and treat metabolic morbidities. While the contribution of organs such as the liver, muscle, adipose tissue, and pancreas to the regulation of energy has received wide attention, less is known about the interplay with the nervous system. Here, we highlight the role of the nervous systems in regulating metabolism beyond the classic hypothalamic endocrine signaling models and discuss the contribution of circadian rhythms, higher brain regions, and sociodemographic variables in the energy equation. We infer that interdisciplinary approaches are key to conceptually advancing the current research frontier and devising innovative therapies to prevent and treat metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Furlan
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 65, Sweden.
| | - Paul Petrus
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 141 86, Sweden.
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3
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Koyama T, Rana DW, Halberg KV. Managing fuels and fluids: Network integration of osmoregulatory and metabolic hormonal circuits in the polymodal control of homeostasis in insects. Bioessays 2023; 45:e2300011. [PMID: 37327252 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202300011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Osmoregulation in insects is an essential process whereby changes in hemolymph osmotic pressure induce the release of diuretic or antidiuretic hormones to recruit individual osmoregulatory responses in a manner that optimizes overall homeostasis. However, the mechanisms by which different osmoregulatory circuits interact with other homeostatic networks to implement the correct homeostatic program remain largely unexplored. Surprisingly, recent advances in insect genetics have revealed several important metabolic functions are regulated by classic osmoregulatory pathways, suggesting that internal cues related to osmotic and metabolic perturbations are integrated by the same hormonal networks. Here, we review our current knowledge on the network mechanisms that underpin systemic osmoregulation and discuss the remarkable parallels between the hormonal networks that regulate body fluid balance and those involved in energy homeostasis to provide a framework for understanding the polymodal optimization of homeostasis in insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Koyama
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Danial Wasim Rana
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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4
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Kreissl FK, Banki MA, Droujinine IA. Molecular methods to study protein trafficking between organs. Proteomics 2023; 23:e2100331. [PMID: 36478633 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202100331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Interorgan communication networks are key regulators of organismal homeostasis, and their dysregulation is associated with a variety of pathologies. While mass spectrometry proteomics identifies circulating proteins and can correlate their abundance with disease phenotypes, the tissues of origin and destinations of these secreted proteins remain largely unknown. In vitro approaches to study protein secretion are valuable, however, they may not mimic the complexity of in vivo environments. More recently, the development of engineered promiscuous BirA* biotin ligase derivatives has enabled tissue-specific tagging of cellular secreted proteomes in vivo. The use of biotin as a molecular tag provides information on the tissue of origin and destination, and enables the enrichment of low-abundance hormone proteins. Therefore, promiscuous protein biotinylation is a valuable tool to study protein secretion in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix K Kreissl
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Michael A Banki
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Ilia A Droujinine
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California, USA
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5
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Kraus AC, De Miguel C. Hyperoxia and Acute Kidney Injury: A Tale of Oxygen and the Kidney. Semin Nephrol 2022; 42:151282. [PMID: 36404211 PMCID: PMC9825666 DOI: 10.1016/j.semnephrol.2022.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Although oxygen supplementation is beneficial to support life in the clinic, excessive oxygen therapy also has been linked to damage to organs such as the lung or the eye. However, there is a lack of understanding of whether high oxygen therapy directly affects the kidney, leading to acute kidney injury, and what molecular mechanisms may be involved in this process. In this review, we revise our current understanding of the mechanisms by which hyperoxia leads to organ damage and highlight possible areas of investigation for the scientific community interested in novel mechanisms of kidney disease. Overall, we found a significant need for both animal and clinical studies evaluating the role of hyperoxia in inducing kidney damage. Thus, we urge the research community to further investigate oxygen therapy and its impact on kidney health with the goal of optimizing oxygen therapy guidelines and improving patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigayle C Kraus
- Section of Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Carmen De Miguel
- Section of Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL.
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6
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Gabisonia K, Khan M, Recchia FA. Extracellular vesicle-mediated bidirectional communication between heart and other organs. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2022; 322:H769-H784. [PMID: 35179973 PMCID: PMC8993522 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00659.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, a wealth of studies has identified various molecular species released by cardiac muscle under physiological and pathological conditions that exert local paracrine and/or remote endocrine effects. Conversely, humoral factors, principally produced by organs such as skeletal muscle, kidney, or adipose tissue, may affect the function and metabolism of normal and diseased hearts. Although this cross communication within cardiac tissue and between the heart and other organs is supported by mounting evidence, research on the role of molecular mediators carried by exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies, collectively defined as extracellular vesicles (EVs), is at an early stage of investigation. Once released in the circulation, EVs can potentially reach any organ where they transfer their cargo of proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids that exert potent biological effects on recipient cells. Although there are a few cases where such signaling was clearly demonstrated, the results from many other studies can only be tentatively inferred based on indirect evidence obtained by infusing exogenous EVs in experimental animals or by adding them to cell cultures. This area of research is in rapid expansion and most mechanistic interpretations may change in the near future; hence, the present review on the role played by EV-carried mediators in the two-way communication between heart and skeletal muscle, kidneys, bone marrow, lungs, liver, adipose tissue, and brain is necessarily limited. Nonetheless, the available data are already unveiling new, intriguing, and ample scenarios in cardiac physiology and pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khatia Gabisonia
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Mohsin Khan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Fabio A Recchia
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
- Fondazione Gabriele Monasterio, Pisa, Italy
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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7
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Hoshino R, Niwa R. Regulation of Mating-Induced Increase in Female Germline Stem Cells in the Fruit Fly Drosophila melanogaster. Front Physiol 2021; 12:785435. [PMID: 34950056 PMCID: PMC8689587 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.785435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In many insect species, mating stimuli can lead to changes in various behavioral and physiological responses, including feeding, mating refusal, egg-laying behavior, energy demand, and organ remodeling, which are collectively known as the post-mating response. Recently, an increase in germline stem cells (GSCs) has been identified as a new post-mating response in both males and females of the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster. We have extensively studied mating-induced increase in female GSCs of D. melanogaster at the molecular, cellular, and systemic levels. After mating, the male seminal fluid peptide [e.g. sex peptide (SP)] is transferred to the female uterus. This is followed by binding to the sex peptide receptor (SPR), which evokes post-mating responses, including increase in number of female GSCs. Downstream of SP-SPR signaling, the following three hormones and neurotransmitters have been found to act on female GSC niche cells to regulate mating-induced increase in female GSCs: (1) neuropeptide F, a peptide hormone produced in enteroendocrine cells; (2) octopamine, a monoaminergic neurotransmitter synthesized in ovary-projecting neurons; and (3) ecdysone, a steroid hormone produced in ovarian follicular cells. These humoral factors are secreted from each organ and are received by ovarian somatic cells and regulate the strength of niche signaling in female GSCs. This review provides an overview of the latest findings on the inter-organ relationship to regulate mating-induced female GSC increase in D. melanogaster as a model. We also discuss the remaining issues that should be addressed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Hoshino
- Degree Programs in Life and Earth Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Niwa
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
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8
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Herrlich A. Interorgan crosstalk mechanisms in disease: the case of acute kidney injury-induced remote lung injury. FEBS Lett 2021; 596:620-637. [PMID: 34932216 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Homeostasis and health of multicellular organisms with multiple organs depends on interorgan communication. Tissue injury in one organ disturbs this homeostasis and can lead to disease in multiple organs, or multiorgan failure. Many routes of interorgan crosstalk during homeostasis are relatively well known, but interorgan crosstalk in disease still lacks understanding. In particular, how tissue injury in one organ can drive injury at remote sites and trigger multiorgan failure with high mortality is poorly understood. As examples, acute kidney injury can trigger acute lung injury and cardiovascular dysfunction; pneumonia, sepsis or liver failure conversely can cause kidney failure; lung transplantation very frequently triggers acute kidney injury. Mechanistically, interorgan crosstalk after tissue injury could involve soluble mediators and their target receptors, cellular mediators, in particular immune cells, as well as newly identified neuro-immune connections. In this review, I will focus the discussion of deleterious interorgan crosstalk and its mechanistic concepts on one example, acute kidney injury-induced remote lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Herrlich
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, MO, USA
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9
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Trapecar M. Multiorgan microphysiological systems as tools to interrogate interorgan crosstalk and complex diseases. FEBS Lett 2021; 596:681-695. [PMID: 34923635 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic and inflammatory disorders such as autoimmune and neurodegenerative diseases are increasing at alarming rates. Many of these are not tissue-specific occurrences but complex, systemic pathologies of unknown origin for which no cure exists. Such complexity obscures causal relationships among factors regulating disease progression. Emerging technologies mimicking human physiology, such as microphysiological systems (MPSs), offer new possibilities to provide clarity in systemic metabolic and inflammatory diseases. Controlled interaction of multiple MPSs and the scalability of biological complexity in MPSs, supported by continuous multiomic monitoring, might hold the key to identifying novel relationships between interorgan crosstalk, metabolism, and immunity. In this perspective, I aim to discuss the current state of modeling multiorgan physiology and evaluate current opportunities and challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Trapecar
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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10
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Düsedau HP, Steffen J, Figueiredo CA, Boehme JD, Schultz K, Erck C, Korte M, Faber-Zuschratter H, Smalla KH, Dieterich D, Kröger A, Bruder D, Dunay IR. Influenza A Virus (H1N1) Infection Induces Microglial Activation and Temporal Dysbalance in Glutamatergic Synaptic Transmission. mBio 2021; 12:e0177621. [PMID: 34700379 DOI: 10.1128/mBio.01776-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) causes respiratory tract disease and is responsible for seasonal and reoccurring epidemics affecting all age groups. Next to typical disease symptoms, such as fever and fatigue, IAV infection has been associated with behavioral alterations presumably contributing to the development of major depression. Previous experiments using IAV/H1N1 infection models have shown impaired hippocampal neuronal morphology and cognitive abilities, but the underlying pathways have not been fully described. In this study, we demonstrate that infection with a low-dose non-neurotrophic H1N1 strain of IAV causes ample peripheral immune response followed by a temporary blood-brain barrier disturbance. Although histological examination did not reveal obvious pathological processes in the brains of IAV-infected mice, detailed multidimensional flow cytometric characterization of immune cells uncovered subtle alterations in the activation status of microglial cells. More specifically, we detected an altered expression pattern of major histocompatibility complex classes I and II, CD80, and F4/80 accompanied by elevated mRNA levels of CD36, CD68, C1QA, and C3, suggesting evolved synaptic pruning. To closer evaluate how these profound changes affect synaptic balance, we established a highly sensitive multiplex flow cytometry-based approach called flow synaptometry. The introduction of this novel technique enabled us to simultaneously quantify the abundance of pre- and postsynapses from distinct brain regions. Our data reveal a significant reduction of VGLUT1 in excitatory presynaptic terminals in the cortex and hippocampus, identifying a subtle dysbalance in glutamatergic synapse transmission upon H1N1 infection in mice. In conclusion, our results highlight the consequences of systemic IAV-triggered inflammation on the central nervous system and the induction and progression of neuronal alterations. IMPORTANCE Influenza A virus (IAV) causes mainly respiratory tract disease with fever and fatigue but is also associated with behavioral alterations in humans. Here, we demonstrate that infection with a low-dose non-neurotrophic H1N1 strain of IAV causes peripheral immune response followed by a temporary blood-brain barrier disturbance. Characterization of immune cells uncovered subtle alterations in the activation status of microglia cells that might reshape neuronal synapses. We established a highly sensitive multiplex flow cytometry-based approach called flow synaptometry to more closely study the synapses. Thus, we detected a specific dysbalance in glutamatergic synapse transmission upon H1N1 infection in mice. In conclusion, our results highlight the consequences of systemic IAV-triggered inflammation on the central nervous system and the induction and progression of neuronal alterations.
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11
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Park YJ, Kim JY, Lee JH, Han SH, Park CM. External and Internal Reshaping of Plant Thermomorphogenesis. Trends Plant Sci 2021; 26:810-821. [PMID: 33583729 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2021.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Plants dynamically adapt to changing temperatures to ensure propagation and reproductive success, among which morphogenic responses to warm temperatures have been extensively studied in recent years. As readily inferred from the cyclic co-oscillations of environmental cues in nature, plant thermomorphogenesis is coordinately reshaped by various external conditions. Accumulating evidence supports that internal and developmental cues also contribute to harmonizing thermomorphogenic responses. The external and internal reshaping of thermomorphogenesis is facilitated by versatile temperature sensing and interorgan communication processes, circadian and photoperiodic gating of thermomorphogenic behaviors, and their metabolic coordination. Here, we discuss recent advances in plant thermal responses with focus on the diel and seasonal reshaping of thermomorphogenesis and briefly explore its application to developing climate-smart crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Joon Park
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Jae Young Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - June-Hee Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Shin-Hee Han
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Chung-Mo Park
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
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12
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Sponton CH, Hosono T, Taura J, Jedrychowski MP, Yoneshiro T, Wang Q, Takahashi M, Matsui Y, Ikeda K, Oguri Y, Tajima K, Shinoda K, Pradhan RN, Chen Y, Brown Z, Roberts LS, Ward CC, Taoka H, Yokoyama Y, Watanabe M, Karasawa H, Nomura DK, Kajimura S. The regulation of glucose and lipid homeostasis via PLTP as a mediator of BAT-liver communication. EMBO Rep 2020; 21:e49828. [PMID: 32672883 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201949828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
While brown adipose tissue (BAT) is well-recognized for its ability to dissipate energy in the form of heat, recent studies suggest multifaced roles of BAT in the regulation of glucose and lipid homeostasis beyond stimulating thermogenesis. One of the functions involves interorgan communication with metabolic organs, such as the liver, through BAT-derived secretory factors, a.k.a., batokine. However, the identity and the roles of such mediators remain insufficiently understood. Here, we employed proteomics and transcriptomics in human thermogenic adipocytes and identified previously unappreciated batokines, including phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP). We found that increased circulating levels of PLTP, via systemic or BAT-specific overexpression, significantly improve glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, increased energy expenditure, and decrease the circulating levels of cholesterol, phospholipids, and sphingolipids. Such changes were accompanied by increased bile acids in the circulation, which in turn enhances glucose uptake and thermogenesis in BAT. Our data suggest that PLTP is a batokine that contributes to the regulation of systemic glucose and lipid homeostasis as a mediator of BAT-liver interorgan communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos H Sponton
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Takashi Hosono
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Junki Taura
- End-Organ Disease Laboratories, Daiichi-Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Takeshi Yoneshiro
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Qiang Wang
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Makoto Takahashi
- Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, Daiichi-Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yumi Matsui
- Protein Production Research Group, Biological Research Department, Daiichi-Sankyo RD Novare Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Ikeda
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yasuo Oguri
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kazuki Tajima
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kosaku Shinoda
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Rachana N Pradhan
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yong Chen
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Zachary Brown
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lindsay S Roberts
- Departments of Chemistry, Molecular and Cell Biology, and Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Carl C Ward
- Departments of Chemistry, Molecular and Cell Biology, and Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Hiroki Taoka
- Graduate School of Media and Governance, Keio University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoko Yokoyama
- Graduate School of Media and Governance, Keio University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Watanabe
- Graduate School of Media and Governance, Keio University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Karasawa
- End-Organ Disease Laboratories, Daiichi-Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daniel K Nomura
- Departments of Chemistry, Molecular and Cell Biology, and Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Shingo Kajimura
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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13
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Engelhart DC, Azad P, Ali S, Granados JC, Haddad GG, Nigam SK. Drosophila SLC22 Orthologs Related to OATs, OCTs, and OCTNs Regulate Development and Responsiveness to Oxidative Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E2002. [PMID: 32183456 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21062002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The SLC22 family of transporters is widely expressed, evolutionarily conserved, and plays a major role in regulating homeostasis by transporting small organic molecules such as metabolites, signaling molecules, and antioxidants. Analysis of transporters in fruit flies provides a simple yet orthologous platform to study the endogenous function of drug transporters in vivo. Evolutionary analysis of Drosophila melanogaster putative SLC22 orthologs reveals that, while many of the 25 SLC22 fruit fly orthologs do not fall within previously established SLC22 subclades, at least four members appear orthologous to mammalian SLC22 members (SLC22A16:CG6356, SLC22A15:CG7458, CG7442 and SLC22A18:CG3168). We functionally evaluated the role of SLC22 transporters in Drosophila melanogaster by knocking down 14 of these genes. Three putative SLC22 ortholog knockdowns-CG3168, CG6356, and CG7442/SLC22A-did not undergo eclosion and were lethal at the pupa stage, indicating the developmental importance of these genes. Additionally, knocking down four SLC22 members increased resistance to oxidative stress via paraquat testing (CG4630: p < 0.05, CG6006: p < 0.05, CG6126: p < 0.01 and CG16727: p < 0.05). Consistent with recent evidence that SLC22 is central to a Remote Sensing and Signaling Network (RSSN) involved in signaling and metabolism, these phenotypes support a key role for SLC22 in handling reactive oxygen species.
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14
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Yang S, Zhao Y, Yu J, Fan Z, Gong ST, Tang H, Pan L. Sugar Alcohols of Polyol Pathway Serve as Alarmins to Mediate Local-Systemic Innate Immune Communication in Drosophila. Cell Host Microbe 2019; 26:240-251.e8. [PMID: 31350199 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2019.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Interorgan immunological communication is critical to connect the local-systemic innate immune response and orchestrate a homeostatic host defense. However, the factors and their roles in this process remain unclear. We find Drosophila IMD response in guts can sequentially trigger a systemic IMD reaction in the fat body. Sugar alcohols of the polyol pathway are essential for the spatiotemporal regulation of gut-fat body immunological communication (GFIC). IMD activation in guts causes elevated levels of sorbitol and galactitol in hemolymph. Aldose reductase (AR) in hemocytes, the rate-limiting enzyme of the polyol pathway, is necessary and sufficient for the increase of plasma sugar alcohols. Sorbitol relays GFIC by subsequent activation of Metalloprotease 2, which cleaves PGRP-LC to activate IMD response in fat bodies. Thus, this work unveils how GFIC relies on the intermediate activation of the polyol pathway in hemolymph and demonstrates that AR provides a critical metabolic checkpoint in the global inflammatory response.
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15
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Abstract
The long-term maintenance of an organism's homeostasis and health relies on the accurate regulation of organ-organ communication. Recently, there has been growing interest in using the Drosophila gastrointestinal tract to elucidate the regulatory programs that underlie the complex interactions between organs. Data obtained in this field have dramatically improved our understanding of how organ-organ communication contributes to the regulation of various aspects of the intestine, including its metabolic and physiological status. However, although research uncovering regulatory programs associated with interorgan communication has provided key insights, the underlying mechanisms have not been extensively explored. In this review, we highlight recent findings describing gut-neighbor and neighbor-neighbor communication models in adults and larvae, respectively, with a special focus on how a range of critical strategies concerning continuous interorgan communication and adjustment can be used to manipulate different aspects of biological processes. Given the high degree of similarity between the Drosophila and mammalian intestinal epithelia, it can be anticipated that further analyses of the Drosophila gastrointestinal tract will facilitate the discovery of similar mechanisms underlying organ-organ communication in other mammalian organs, such as the human intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Liu
- Department of Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry UniversityHarbin, China
| | - Li Hua Jin
- Department of Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry UniversityHarbin, China
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16
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Abstract
Studies in mammals and Drosophila have demonstrated the existence and significance of secreted factors involved in communication between distal organs. In this review, primarily focusing on Drosophila, we examine the known interorgan communication factors and their functions, physiological inducers, and integration in regulating physiology. Moreover, we describe how organ-sensing screens in Drosophila can systematically identify novel conserved interorgan communication factors. Finally, we discuss how interorgan communication enabled and evolved as a result of specialization of organs. Together, we anticipate that future studies will establish a model for metazoan interorgan communication network (ICN) and how it is deregulated in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilia A Droujinine
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; ,
| | - Norbert Perrimon
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; ,
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
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