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Dalgaard LT, Eliasson L. An 'alpha-beta' of pancreatic islet microribonucleotides. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2017; 88:208-219. [PMID: 28122254 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2017.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are cellular, short, non-coding ribonucleotides acting as endogenous posttranscriptional repressors following incorporation in the RNA-induced silencing complex. Despite being chemically and mechanistically very similar, miRNAs exert a multitude of different cellular effects by acting on mRNA species, whose gene-products partake in a wide array of processes. Here, the aim was to review the knowledge of miRNA expression and action in the islet of Langerhans. We have focused on: 1) physiological consequences of islet or beta cell specific inhibition of miRNA processing, 2) mechanisms regulating processing of miRNAs in islet cells, 3) presence and function of miRNAs in alpha versus beta cells - the two main cell types of islets, and 4) miRNA mediators of beta cell decompensation. It is clear that miRNAs regulate pancreatic islet development, maturation, and function in vivo. Moreover, processing of miRNAs appears to be altered by obesity, diabetes, and aging. A number of miRNAs (such as miR-7, miR-21, miR-29, miR-34a, miR-212/miR-132, miR-184, miR-200 and miR-375) are involved in mediating beta cell dysfunction and/or compensation induced by hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, cytotoxic cytokines, and in rodent models of fetal metabolic programming prediabetes and overt diabetes. Studies of human type 2 diabetic islets underline that these miRNA families could have important roles also in human type 2 diabetes. Furthermore, there is a genuine gap of knowledge regarding miRNA expression and function in pancreatic alpha cells. Progress in this area would be enhanced by improved in vitro alpha cell models and better tools for islet cell sorting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lena Eliasson
- Lund University Diabetes Center, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, CRC, SUS, Malmö, Sweden.
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52
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Zhi L, Yu Y, Li X, Wang D, Wang D. Molecular Control of Innate Immune Response to Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infection by Intestinal let-7 in Caenorhabditis elegans. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006152. [PMID: 28095464 PMCID: PMC5271417 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The microRNA (miRNA) let-7 is an important miRNA identified in Caenorhabditis elegans and has been shown to be involved in the control of innate immunity. The underlying molecular mechanisms for let-7 regulation of innate immunity remain largely unclear. In this study, we investigated the molecular basis for intestinal let-7 in the regulation of innate immunity. Infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA14 decreased let-7::GFP expression. Intestine- or neuron-specific activity of let-7 was required for its function in the regulation of innate immunity. During the control of innate immune response to P. aeruginosa PA14 infection, SDZ-24 was identified as a direct target for intestinal let-7. SDZ-24 was found to be predominantly expressed in the intestine, and P. aeruginosa PA14 infection increased SDZ-24::GFP expression. Intestinal let-7 regulated innate immune response to P. aeruginosa PA14 infection by suppressing both the expression and the function of SDZ-24. Knockout or RNA interference knockdown of sdz-24 dampened the resistance of let-7 mutant to P. aeruginosa PA14 infection. Intestinal overexpression of sdz-24 lacking 3'-UTR inhibited the susceptibility of nematodes overexpressing intestinal let-7 to P. aeruginosa PA14 infection. In contrast, we could observed the effects of intestinal let-7 on innate immunity in P. aeruginosa PA14 infected transgenic strain overexpressing sdz-24 containing 3'-UTR. In the intestine, certain SDZ-24-mediated signaling cascades were formed for nematodes against the P. aeruginosa PA14 infection. Our results highlight the crucial role of intestinal miRNAs in the regulation of the innate immune response to pathogenic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingtong Zhi
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases in Ministry of Education, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yonglin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases in Ministry of Education, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xueying Li
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases in Ministry of Education, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Daoyong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases in Ministry of Education, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dayong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases in Ministry of Education, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail:
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Identification and Characterization of MicroRNAs in the Liver of Blunt Snout Bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) Infected by Aeromonas hydrophila. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17121972. [PMID: 27898025 PMCID: PMC5187772 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17121972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small RNA molecules that play key roles in regulation of various biological processes. In order to better understand the biological significance of miRNAs in the context of Aeromonas hydrophila infection in Megalobrama amblycephala, small RNA libraries obtained from fish liver at 0 (non-infection), 4, and 24 h post infection (poi) were sequenced using Illumina deep sequencing technology. A total of 11,244,207, 9,212,958, and 7,939,157 clean reads were obtained from these three RNA libraries, respectively. Bioinformatics analysis identified 171 conserved miRNAs and 62 putative novel miRNAs. The existence of ten randomly selected novel miRNAs was validated by RT-PCR. Pairwise comparison suggested that 61 and 44 miRNAs were differentially expressed at 4 and 24 h poi, respectively. Furthermore, the expression profiles of nine randomly selected miRNAs were validated by qRT-PCR. MicroRNA target prediction, gene ontology (GO) annotation, and Kyoto Encylopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis indicated that a variety of biological pathways could be affected by A. hydrophila infection. Additionally, transferrin (TF) and transferrin receptor (TFR) genes were confirmed to be direct targets of miR-375. These results will expand our knowledge of the role of miRNAs in the immune response of M. amblycephala to A. hydrophila infection, and facilitate the development of effective strategies against A. hydrophila infection in M. amblycephala.
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Sun L, Zhi L, Shakoor S, Liao K, Wang D. microRNAs Involved in the Control of Innate Immunity in Candida Infected Caenorhabditis elegans. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36036. [PMID: 27796366 PMCID: PMC5086856 DOI: 10.1038/srep36036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in regulating innate immune response to Candida albicans infection in Caenorhabditis elegans is still largely unclear. Using small RNA SOLiD deep sequencing technique, we profiled the miRNAs that were dysregulated by C. albicans infection. We identified 16 miRNAs that were up-regulated and 4 miRNAs that were down-regulated in nematodes infected with C. albicans. Bioinformatics analysis implied that these dysregulated miRNAs may be involved in the control of many important biological processes. Using available mutants, we observed that mir-251 and mir-252 loss-of-function mutants were resistant to C. albicans infection, whereas mir-360 mutants were hypersensitive to C. albicans infection. The expression pattern of antimicrobial genes suggested that mir-251, mir-252, and mir-360 played crucial roles in regulating the innate immune response to C. albicans infection. Fungal burden might be closely associated with altered lifespan and innate immune response in mir-251, mir-252, and mir-360 mutants. Moreover, mir-251 and mir-252 might function downstream of p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) or IGF-1/insulin-like pathway to regulate the innate immune response to C. albicans infection. Our results provide an important molecular basis for further elucidating how miRNA-mRNA networks may control the innate immune response to C. albicans infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingmei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease in Ministry of Education, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Lingtong Zhi
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease in Ministry of Education, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Shumaila Shakoor
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease in Ministry of Education, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Kai Liao
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease in Ministry of Education, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Dayong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease in Ministry of Education, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
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Zhu Z, Zhang D, Lee H, Jin Y. Caenorhabditis elegans: An important tool for dissecting microRNA functions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 1:34-36. [PMID: 28529981 DOI: 10.15761/bgg.1000106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans), a member of the phylum Nematoda, carries the evolutionarily conserved genes comparing to mammals. Due to its short lifespan and completely sequenced genome, C. elegans becomes a potentially powerful model for mechanistic studies in human diseases. In this mini review, we will outline the current understandings on C. elegans as a model organism for microRNA (miRNA)-related research in the pathogenesis of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwen Zhu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, USA
| | - Duo Zhang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, USA
| | - Heedoo Lee
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, USA
| | - Yang Jin
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, USA
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Adams DS, Uzel SGM, Akagi J, Wlodkowic D, Andreeva V, Yelick PC, Devitt-Lee A, Pare JF, Levin M. Bioelectric signalling via potassium channels: a mechanism for craniofacial dysmorphogenesis in KCNJ2-associated Andersen-Tawil Syndrome. J Physiol 2016; 594:3245-70. [PMID: 26864374 PMCID: PMC4908029 DOI: 10.1113/jp271930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Xenopus laevis craniofacial development is a good system for the study of Andersen-Tawil Syndrome (ATS)-associated craniofacial anomalies (CFAs) because (1) Kcnj2 is expressed in the nascent face; (2) molecular-genetic and biophysical techniques are available for the study of ion-dependent signalling during craniofacial morphogenesis; (3) as in humans, expression of variant Kcnj2 forms in embryos causes a muscle phenotype; and (4) variant forms of Kcnj2 found in human patients, when injected into frog embryos, cause CFAs in the same cell lineages. Forced expression of WT or variant Kcnj2 changes the normal pattern of Vmem (resting potential) regionalization found in the ectoderm of neurulating embryos, and changes the normal pattern of expression of ten different genetic regulators of craniofacial development, including markers of cranial neural crest and of placodes. Expression of other potassium channels and two different light-activated channels, all of which have an effect on Vmem , causes CFAs like those induced by injection of Kcnj2 variants. In contrast, expression of Slc9A (NHE3), an electroneutral ion channel, and of GlyR, an inactive Cl(-) channel, do not cause CFAs, demonstrating that correct craniofacial development depends on a pattern of bioelectric states, not on ion- or channel-specific signalling. Using optogenetics to control both the location and the timing of ion flux in developing embryos, we show that affecting Vmem of the ectoderm and no other cell layers is sufficient to cause CFAs, but only during early neurula stages. Changes in Vmem induced late in neurulation do not affect craniofacial development. We interpret these data as strong evidence, consistent with our hypothesis, that ATS-associated CFAs are caused by the effect of variant Kcnj2 on the Vmem of ectodermal cells of the developing face. We predict that the critical time is early during neurulation, and the critical cells are the ectodermal cranial neural crest and placode lineages. This points to the potential utility of extant, ion flux-modifying drugs as treatments to prevent CFAs associated with channelopathies such as ATS. ABSTRACT Variants in potassium channel KCNJ2 cause Andersen-Tawil Syndrome (ATS); the induced craniofacial anomalies (CFAs) are entirely unexplained. We show that KCNJ2 is expressed in Xenopus and mouse during the earliest stages of craniofacial development. Misexpression in Xenopus of KCNJ2 carrying ATS-associated mutations causes CFAs in the same structures affected in humans, changes the normal pattern of membrane voltage potential regionalization in the developing face and disrupts expression of important craniofacial patterning genes, revealing the endogenous control of craniofacial patterning by bioelectric cell states. By altering cells' resting potentials using other ion translocators, we show that a change in ectodermal voltage, not tied to a specific protein or ion, is sufficient to cause CFAs. By adapting optogenetics for use in non-neural cells in embryos, we show that developmentally patterned K(+) flux is required for correct regionalization of the resting potentials and for establishment of endogenous early gene expression domains in the anterior ectoderm, and that variants in KCNJ2 disrupt this regionalization, leading to the CFAs seen in ATS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dany Spencer Adams
- Department of Biology and Tufts Centre for Regenerative and Developmental Biology, Tufts University, 200 Boston Avenue, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Sebastien G M Uzel
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Jin Akagi
- School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Donald Wlodkowic
- School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Viktoria Andreeva
- Department of Orthodontics, Division of Craniofacial and Molecular Genetics, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Pamela Crotty Yelick
- Department of Orthodontics, Division of Craniofacial and Molecular Genetics, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Adrian Devitt-Lee
- Department of Biology and Tufts Centre for Regenerative and Developmental Biology, Tufts University, 200 Boston Avenue, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Jean-Francois Pare
- Department of Biology and Tufts Centre for Regenerative and Developmental Biology, Tufts University, 200 Boston Avenue, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Michael Levin
- Department of Biology and Tufts Centre for Regenerative and Developmental Biology, Tufts University, 200 Boston Avenue, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
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RETRACTED: Gut-Colonizing Bacteria Promote C. elegans Innate Immunity by Producing Nitric Oxide. Cell Rep 2016; 14:1301-1307. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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58
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Yuhong J, Leilei T, Fuyun Z, Hongyang J, Xiaowen L, Liying Y, Lei Z, Jingrong M, Jinpeng Y. Identification and characterization of immune-related microRNAs in blunt snout bream, Megalobrama amblycephala. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 49:470-492. [PMID: 26773859 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Revised: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play vital roles in diverse biological processes, including in immune response. Blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) is a prevalent and important commercial endemic freshwater fish species in China's intensive polyculture systems. To identify immune-related miRNAs of M. amblycephala, two small RNA (sRNA) libraries from immune tissues with or without lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation were constructed and sequenced using the high-throughput sequencing technology. Totally, 16,425,543 and 15,076,813 raw reads, corresponding to 14,156,755 and 13,445,869 clean reads, were obtained in the normal and infected libraries, respectively. A total of 324 miRNAs, including 218 known miRNAs and 106 putative novel miRNAs were identified by bioinformatic analysis. We analyzed differentially expressed miRNAs between two libraries using pairwise comparison. 113 (34.88%) miRNAs were found to be significantly differentially expressed between two libraries, with 63 (55.75%) exhibiting elevated expression in LPS stimulation sample. Thereinto, a number of known miRNAs were identified immune-related. Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) were implemented for 12 miRNAs of two samples, and agreement was confirmed between the sequencing and RT-qPCR data. Target genes likely regulated by these differentially expressed miRNAs were predicted using computational prediction. The functional annotation of target genes by Gene Ontology enrichment (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis (KEGG) indicated that a majority of differential miRNAs might involved in immune response. To our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive study of miRNAs in response to LPS stimulation in M. amblycephala, even in fish. These results deepened our understanding of the role of miRNAs in the intricate host's immune system, and should be useful to develop new control strategies for host immune defense against various bacterial invasions in M. amblycephala.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Yuhong
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410017, China
| | - Tang Leilei
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410017, China
| | - Zhang Fuyun
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410017, China
| | - Jiang Hongyang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410017, China
| | - Liu Xiaowen
- Xiangya School of Medcine, Central South University, Changsha 410017, China
| | - Yang Liying
- Xiangya School of Medcine, Central South University, Changsha 410017, China
| | - Zhang Lei
- Xiangya School of Medcine, Central South University, Changsha 410017, China
| | - Mao Jingrong
- Xiangya School of Medcine, Central South University, Changsha 410017, China
| | - Yan Jinpeng
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410017, China.
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Characterization of innate immunity genes in the parasitic nematode Brugia malayi. Symbiosis 2016; 68:145-155. [PMID: 27110057 PMCID: PMC4826884 DOI: 10.1007/s13199-015-0374-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The filarial nematode Brugia malayi is one of the causative agents of lymphatic filariasis, a neglected tropical disease that affects 120 million people worldwide. The limited effectiveness of available anthelmintics and the absence of a vaccine have prompted extensive research on the interaction between Brugia and its obligate bacterial endosymbiont, Wolbachia. Recent studies suggest that Wolbachia is able to manipulate its nematode host immunity but relatively little is known about the immune system of filarial nematodes. Therefore, elucidation of the mechanisms underlying the immune system of B. malayi may be useful for understanding how the symbiotic relationship is maintained and help in the identification of new drug targets. In order to characterize the main genetic pathways involved in B. malayi immunity, we exposed adult female worms to two bacterial lysates (Escherichia coli and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens), dsRNA and dsDNA. We performed transcriptome sequencing of worms exposed to each immune elicitor at two different timepoints. Gene expression analysis of untreated and immune-challenged worms was performed to characterize gene expression patterns associated with each type of immune stimulation. Our results indicate that different immune elicitors produced distinct expression patterns in B. malayi, with changes in the expression of orthologs of well-characterized C. elegans immune pathways such as insulin, TGF-β, and p38 MAPK pathways, as well as C-type lectins and several stress-response genes.
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60
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Cai P, Gobert GN, McManus DP. MicroRNAs in Parasitic Helminthiases: Current Status and Future Perspectives. Trends Parasitol 2016; 32:71-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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61
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Li W, Cheng P, Nie S, Cui W. miR-370 mimic inhibits replication of Japanese encephalitis virus in glioblastoma cells. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2016; 12:2411-2417. [PMID: 27703358 PMCID: PMC5036624 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s113236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Japanese encephalitis (JE) is one of the most severe viral infections of the central nervous system. No effective treatment for JE currently exists, because its pathogenesis remains largely unknown. The present study was designed to screen the potential microRNAs (miRNAs) involved in JE. Glioblastoma cells were collected, after being infected with the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). Total miRNAs were extracted and analyzed using an miRNA chip. One of the most severely affected miRNAs was selected, and the role of miR-370 in JEV infection was investigated. Cell viability and apoptosis of the host cells were evaluated. JEV replication was detected via analysis of gene E expression. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to determine the levels of endogenous miR-370 and expression of innate immunity-related genes. Following JEV infection, 114 miRNAs were affected, as evidenced by the miRNA chip. Among them, 30 miRNAs were upregulated and 84 were downregulated. The changes observed in five miRNAs were confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. One of the significantly downregulated miRNAs was miR-370. Therefore, miR-370 mimic was transfected into the cells, following which the levels of endogenous miR-370 were significantly elevated. Concurrently, JEV replication was significantly reduced 24 hours after transfection of miR-370 mimic. Functionally, miR-370 mimic mitigated both JEV-induced apoptosis and the inhibition of host cell proliferation. Following JEV infection, interferon-β and nuclear factor-kappa B were upregulated, whereas miR-370 mimic prevented the upregulation of the genes induced by JEV infection. The present study demonstrated that miR-370 expression in host cells is downregulated following JEV infection, which further mediates innate immunity-related gene expression. Taken together, miR-370 mimic might be useful to prevent viral replication and infection-induced host cell injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Li
- School of Forensic and Laboratory Medicine, Jining Medical University
| | - Peng Cheng
- Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Jining, People's Republic of China
| | - Shangdan Nie
- School of Forensic and Laboratory Medicine, Jining Medical University
| | - Wen Cui
- School of Forensic and Laboratory Medicine, Jining Medical University
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Flowers E, Gadgil M, Aouizerat BE, Kanaya AM. Circulating micrornas associated with glycemic impairment and progression in Asian Indians. Biomark Res 2015; 3:22. [PMID: 26966540 PMCID: PMC4785747 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-015-0047-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Asian Indians have a high incidence of type 2 diabetes, but factors associated with glycemic progression in this population are not understood. MicroRNAs are emerging as important mediators of glucose homeostasis and have not been previously studied in Asian Indians. We examined microRNA (miR) expression associated with glycemic impairment and progression in Asian Indians from the San Francisco Bay Area. We studied 128 Asian Indians age 45-84 years without known cardiovascular disease and not taking diabetes medications. Oral glucose tolerance tests were performed at baseline and after 2.5 years. We quantified circulating miRs from plasma collected during the enrollment visit using a flow cytometry-based assay. RESULTS Glycemic impairment was present in 57 % (n = 73) at baseline. MiR-191 was positively associated with glycemic impairment (odds ratio (OR) 1.7 (95 % CI 1.2, 2.4), p < 0.01). The prevalence of glycemic progression after 2.5 years was 24 % (n = 23). Six miRs were negatively associated with glycemic progression: miR-122 (OR 0.5 (0.2, 0.8), p < 0.01), miR-15a (OR 0.6 (0.4, 0.9), p < 0.01), miR-197 (OR 0.6 (0.4, 0.9), p < 0.01), miR-320a (OR 0.6 (0.4, 0.9), p < 0.01), miR-423 (OR 0.6 (0.4, 0.9), p < 0.01), and miR-486 (OR 0.5 (0.3, 0.8), p < 0.01). Further multivariate adjustment did not attenuate these results. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION This is the first study to investigate circulating miRs associated with glycemic status among this high-risk ethnic group. Individual miRs were significantly associated with both glycemic impairment and glycemic progression. Further studies are needed to determine whether miR (s) might be useful clinical biomarkers for incident T2D in the Asian Indian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Flowers
- Department of Physiological Nursing, School of Nursing, University of California, 2 Koret Way #N605L, CA 94143 San Francisco, USA
| | - Meghana Gadgil
- Division of General Internal Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Bradley E Aouizerat
- Department of Physiological Nursing, School of Nursing, University of California, 2 Koret Way #N605L, CA 94143 San Francisco, USA ; Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Alka M Kanaya
- Division of General Internal Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, USA ; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, USA
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MicroRNA, Pm-miR-2305, Participates in Nacre Formation by Targeting Pearlin in Pearl Oyster Pinctada martensii. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:21442-53. [PMID: 26370972 PMCID: PMC4613262 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160921442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Revised: 08/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are noncoding RNA molecules that function as negative regulators of target genes. In our previous research, 258 pm-miRNAs were identified in Pinctada martensii by Solexa deep sequencing. Pm-miR-2305 was one of the identified pm-miRNAs with a potential function in biomineralization. In the present study, the precursor of pm-miR-2305 was predicted with 96 bp, containing a characteristic hairpin structure. Stem-loop qRT-PCR analysis indicated that pm-miR-2305 was constitutively expressed in all the tissues (adductor muscle, gill, mantle, hepatopancreas, foot, and gonad) of P. martensii and was highly expressed in the foot. After the over-expression of pm-miR-2305 in the mantle by mimics injection into the muscle of P. martensii, nacre demonstrated disorderly growth, as detected by scanning electron microscopy. Dual luciferase reporter gene assay indicated that pm-miR-2305 mimics could significantly inhibit the luciferase activity of the reporter containing the 3'UTR of the pearlin gene. Western blot analysis demonstrated that the protein expression of pearlin was down-regulated in the mantle tissue after the over-expression of pm-miR-2305. Therefore, our data showed that pm-miR-2305 participated in nacre formation by targeting pearlin in P. martensii.
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Flowers E, Aouizerat BE, Abbasi F, Lamendola C, Grove KM, Fukuoka Y, Reaven GM. Circulating microRNA-320a and microRNA-486 predict thiazolidinedione response: Moving towards precision health for diabetes prevention. Metabolism 2015; 64:1051-9. [PMID: 26031505 PMCID: PMC4546550 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2015.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aims of this study were to compare microRNA (miR) expression between individuals with and without insulin resistance and to determine whether miRs predict response to thiazolidinedione treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS In a sample of 93 healthy adults, insulin resistance was defined as steady state plasma glucose (SSPG)≥180 mg/dL and insulin sensitive as <120 mg/dL. Response to thiazolidinedione therapy was defined as ≥10% decrease in SSPG. We selected a panel of microRNAs based on prior evidence for a role in insulin or glucose metabolism. Fold change and Wilcoxon rank sum tests were calculated for the 25 miRs measured. RESULTS At baseline, 81% (n=75) of participants were insulin resistant. Five miRs were differentially expressed between the insulin resistant and sensitive groups: miR-193b (1.45 fold change (FC)), miR-22-3p (1.15 FC), miR-320a (1.36 FC), miR-375 (0.59 FC), and miR-486 (1.21 FC) (all p<0.05). In the subset who were insulin resistant at baseline and received thiazolidinediones (n=47), 77% (n=36) showed improved insulin sensitivity. Six miRs were differentially expressed between responders compared to non-responders: miR-20b-5p (1.20 FC), miR-21-5p, (0.92 FC), miR-214-3p (1.13 FC), miR-22-3p (1.14 FC), miR-320a (0.98 FC), and miR-486-5p (1.25 FC) (all p<0.05). DISCUSSION This study is the first to report miRs associated with response to a pharmacologic intervention for insulin resistance. MiR-320a and miR-486-5p identified responders to thiazolidinedione therapy among the insulin resistant group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Flowers
- Department of Physiological Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
| | - Bradley E Aouizerat
- Department of Physiological Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, USA; Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Fahim Abbasi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Cynthia Lamendola
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Kaylene M Grove
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Yoshimi Fukuoka
- Instutue for Health and Aging, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Gerald M Reaven
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, USA
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