51
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Zhao D, Hu H, Haselsberger R, Marcus RA, Michel-Beyerle ME, Lam YM, Zhu JX, La-O-Vorakiat C, Beard MC, Chia EEM. Monitoring Electron-Phonon Interactions in Lead Halide Perovskites Using Time-Resolved THz Spectroscopy. ACS NANO 2019; 13:8826-8835. [PMID: 31348643 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b02049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Lead halide perovskite semiconductors have low-frequency phonon modes within the lead halide sublattice and thus are considered to be soft. The soft lattice is considered to be important in defining their interesting optoelectronic properties. Electron-phonon coupling governs hot-carrier relaxation, carrier mobilities, carrier lifetimes, among other important electronic characteristics. Directly observing the interplay between free charge carriers and phonons can provide details on how phonons impact these properties (e.g., exciton populations and other collective modes). Here, we observe a delicate interplay among carriers, phonons, and excitons in mixed-cation and mixed-halide perovskite films by simultaneously resolving the contribution of charge carriers and phonons in time-resolved terahertz photoconductivity spectra. We are able to observe directly the increase in phonon population during carrier cooling and discuss how thermal equilibrium populations of carriers and phonons modulate the carrier transport properties, as well as reduce the population of carriers within band tails. We are also able to observe directly the formation of free charge carriers when excitons interact with phonons and dissociate and to describe how free carriers and exciton populations exchange through phonon interactions. Finally, we also time-resolve how the carriers are screened via the Coulomb interaction at low and room temperatures. Our studies shed light on how charge carriers interact with the low-energy phonons and discuss implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daming Zhao
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , 637371 Singapore
| | - Hongwei Hu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , 639798 Singapore
| | - Reinhard Haselsberger
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , 637371 Singapore
| | - Rudolph A Marcus
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , 637371 Singapore
- Noyes Laboratory , California Institute of Technology , Pasadena , California 91125 , United States
| | - Maria-Elisabeth Michel-Beyerle
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , 637371 Singapore
| | - Yeng Ming Lam
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , 639798 Singapore
| | - Jian-Xin Zhu
- Theoretical Division and Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies , Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos , New Mexico 87545 , United States
| | - Chan La-O-Vorakiat
- Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Graduate Program, Faculty of Science , King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT) , Bangkok 10140 , Thailand
- Theoretical and Computational Science Center (TaCS) , KMUTT , Bangkok 10140 , Thailand
| | - Matthew C Beard
- Chemistry and Nanoscience Science Center , National Renewable Energy Laboratory , Golden , Colorado 80401 , United States
| | - Elbert E M Chia
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , 637371 Singapore
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52
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Zhang C, Turyanska L, Cao H, Zhao L, Fay MW, Temperton R, O'Shea J, Thomas NR, Wang K, Luan W, Patanè A. Hybrid light emitting diodes based on stable, high brightness all-inorganic CsPbI 3 perovskite nanocrystals and InGaN. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:13450-13457. [PMID: 31287481 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr03707a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite important advances in the synthesis of inorganic perovskite nanocrystals (NCs), the long-term instability and degradation of their quantum yield (QY) over time need to be addressed to enable the further development and exploitation of these nanomaterials. Here we report stable CsPbI3 perovskite NCs and their use in hybrid light emitting diodes (LEDs), which combine in one system the NCs and a blue GaN-based LED. Nanocrystals with improved morphological and optical properties are obtained by optimizing the post-synthesis replacement of oleic acid ligands with iminodibenzoic acid: the NCs have a long shelf-life (>2 months), stability under different environmental conditions, and a high QY, of up to 90%, in the visible spectral range. Ligand replacement enables the engineering of the morphological and optical properties of the NCs. Furthermore, the NCs can be used to coat the surface of a GaN-LED to realize a stable diode where they are excited by blue light from the LED under low current injection conditions, resulting in emissions at distinct wavelengths in the visible range. The high QY and fluorescence lifetime in the nanosecond range are key parameters for visible light communication, an emerging technology that requires high-performance visible light sources for secure, fast energy-efficient wireless transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengxi Zhang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK. and East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Lyudmila Turyanska
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK. and School of Chemistry, University of Lincoln, Lincoln LN6 7TS, UK
| | - Haicheng Cao
- Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Lixia Zhao
- Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Michael W Fay
- Nanoscale and Microscale Research Centre, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Robert Temperton
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
| | - James O'Shea
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
| | - Neil R Thomas
- Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Kaiyou Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Weiling Luan
- East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Amalia Patanè
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
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53
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Cordero F, Craciun F, Trequattrini F, Generosi A, Paci B, Paoletti AM, Pennesi G. Stability of Cubic FAPbI 3 from X-ray Diffraction, Anelastic, and Dielectric Measurements. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:2463-2469. [PMID: 31041864 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b00896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Among the hybrid metal-organic perovskites for photovoltaic applications, FAPbI3 (FAPI) has the best performance regarding efficiency and the worst regarding stability, even though the reports on its stability are highly contradictory. In particular, since at room temperature the cubic α phase, black and with high photovoltaic efficiency, is metastable against the yellow hexagonal δ phase, it is believed that α-FAPI spontaneously transforms into δ-FAPI within a relatively short time. We performed X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetric measurements on loose powder of FAPI, and present the first complete dielectric and anelastic spectra of compacted FAPI samples under various conditions. We found that α-FAPI is perfectly stable for at least 100 days, the duration of the experiments, unless extrinsic factors induce its degradation. In our tests, degradation was detected after exposure to humidity, strongly accelerated by grain boundaries and the presence of δ phase, but it was not noticeable on the loose powder kept in air under normal laboratory illumination. These findings have strong implications on the strategies for improving the stability of FAPI without diminishing its photovoltaic efficiency through modifications of its composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Cordero
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia-CNR (ISM-CNR) , Area della Ricerca di Roma - Tor Vergata, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100 , I-00133 Roma , Italy
| | - Floriana Craciun
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia-CNR (ISM-CNR) , Area della Ricerca di Roma - Tor Vergata, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100 , I-00133 Roma , Italy
| | - Francesco Trequattrini
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia-CNR (ISM-CNR) , Area della Ricerca di Roma - Tor Vergata, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100 , I-00133 Roma , Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica , Università di Roma "La Sapienza" , p.le A. Moro 2 , I-00185 Roma , Italy
| | - Amanda Generosi
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia-CNR (ISM-CNR) , Area della Ricerca di Roma - Tor Vergata, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100 , I-00133 Roma , Italy
| | - Barbara Paci
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia-CNR (ISM-CNR) , Area della Ricerca di Roma - Tor Vergata, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100 , I-00133 Roma , Italy
| | - Anna Maria Paoletti
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia-CNR (ISM-CNR) , Area della Ricerca di Roma 1, Via Salaria, Km 29.300 , I-00015 Monterotondo Scalo, Roma , Italy
| | - Giovanna Pennesi
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia-CNR (ISM-CNR) , Area della Ricerca di Roma 1, Via Salaria, Km 29.300 , I-00015 Monterotondo Scalo, Roma , Italy
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54
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Chen Y, Wang T, Li Z, Li H, Ye T, Wetzel C, Li H, Shi SF. Communicating Two States in Perovskite Revealed by Time-Resolved Photoluminescence Spectroscopy. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16482. [PMID: 30405168 PMCID: PMC6220243 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34645-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic-inorganic perovskite as a promising candidate for solar energy harvesting has attracted immense interest for its low-cost preparation and extremely high quantum efficiency. However, the fundamental understanding of the photophysics in perovskite remains elusive. In this work, we have revealed two distinct states in MAPbI3 thin films at low temperature through time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy (TRPL). In particular, we observed a photo-induced carrier injection from the high energy (HE) state to the low energy (LE) state which has a longer lifetime. The strong interaction between the two states, evidenced by the injection kinetics, can be sensitively controlled through the excitation power. Understanding of the interacting two-states not only sheds light on the long PL lifetime in perovskite but also helps to understand the different behavior of perovskite in response to different excitation power. Further efforts in modifying the low energy state could significantly improve the quantum efficiency and lead to novel application in optoelectronics based on perovskite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwen Chen
- The Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Tianmeng Wang
- The Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Zhipeng Li
- The Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Huanbin Li
- The Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA.,MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Tao Ye
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Christian Wetzel
- The Department of Physics, Applied Physics and Astronomy, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Hanying Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China.
| | - Su-Fei Shi
- The Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA. .,The Department of Electrical, Computer and Systems Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA.
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55
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Bighin G, Tscherbul TV, Lemeshko M. Diagrammatic Monte Carlo Approach to Angular Momentum in Quantum Many-Particle Systems. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:165301. [PMID: 30387644 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.165301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We introduce a diagrammatic Monte Carlo approach to angular momentum properties of quantum many-particle systems possessing a macroscopic number of degrees of freedom. The treatment is based on a diagrammatic expansion that merges the usual Feynman diagrams with the angular momentum diagrams known from atomic and nuclear structure theory, thereby incorporating the non-Abelian algebra inherent to quantum rotations. Our approach is applicable at arbitrary coupling, is free of systematic errors and of finite-size effects, and naturally provides access to the impurity Green function. We exemplify the technique by obtaining an all-coupling solution of the angulon model; however, the method is quite general and can be applied to a broad variety of systems in which particles exchange quantum angular momentum with their many-body environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Bighin
- IST Austria (Institute of Science and Technology Austria), Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - T V Tscherbul
- Department of Physics, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA
| | - M Lemeshko
- IST Austria (Institute of Science and Technology Austria), Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
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56
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Xiong H, DeLuca G, Rui Y, Zhang B, Li Y, Zhang Q, Wang H, Reichmanis E. Modifying Perovskite Films with Polyvinylpyrrolidone for Ambient-Air-Stable Highly Bendable Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:35385-35394. [PMID: 30152674 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b04236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
One major drawback that prevents the large-scale practical implementation of perovskites is their susceptibility to performance degradation in humid environments. Here, we achieved uniform, stable perovskite films within a polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) polymer frame via mild solution processing in ambient air with over 60% relative humidity. In addition to facilitating film formation, the hydrophobic PVP served to protect the perovskite grains from atmospheric moisture. Use of PVP, coupled with optimization of the deposition parameters, provided for compact, smooth, pinhole-free perovskite films that when incorporated into a photovoltaic device exhibited highly reproducible efficiencies in the range of up to 17%. In the absence of encapsulation, the devices exhibited stable performance characteristics during exposure to humid ambient air for 600 h. Furthermore, on flexible substrates, the 8 wt % PVP-perovskite samples provided for device efficiencies of ca. 15%. The devices retained ca. 73% of their efficiency after bending 1000 times with a bending radius of 0.5 cm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Xiong
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering , Donghua University , Shanghai 201620 , P. R. China
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology , 311 Ferst Drive NW , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
| | - Giovanni DeLuca
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology , 311 Ferst Drive NW , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
| | - Yichuan Rui
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Shanghai University of Engineering Science , Shanghai 201620 , P. R. China
| | - Boxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering , Donghua University , Shanghai 201620 , P. R. China
| | - Yaogang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering , Donghua University , Shanghai 201620 , P. R. China
| | - Qinghong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering , Donghua University , Shanghai 201620 , P. R. China
| | - Hongzhi Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering , Donghua University , Shanghai 201620 , P. R. China
| | - Elsa Reichmanis
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology , 311 Ferst Drive NW , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Georgia Institute of Technology , 901 Atlantic Drive , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
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57
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Grechko M, Bretschneider SA, Vietze L, Kim H, Bonn M. Kopplung von hoch- und niederfrequenten Schwingungsmoden in organisch-anorganischen Perowskiten. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201806676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maksim Grechko
- Abteilung für molekulare Spektroskopie; Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung; Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Deutschland
| | - Simon A. Bretschneider
- Abteilung für molekulare Spektroskopie; Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung; Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Deutschland
| | - Laura Vietze
- Abteilung für molekulare Spektroskopie; Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung; Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Deutschland
| | - Heejae Kim
- Abteilung für molekulare Spektroskopie; Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung; Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Deutschland
| | - Mischa Bonn
- Abteilung für molekulare Spektroskopie; Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung; Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Deutschland
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58
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Grechko M, Bretschneider SA, Vietze L, Kim H, Bonn M. Vibrational Coupling between Organic and Inorganic Sublattices of Hybrid Perovskites. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:13657-13661. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201806676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maksim Grechko
- Department of Molecular Spectroscopy; Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research; Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Simon A. Bretschneider
- Department of Molecular Spectroscopy; Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research; Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Laura Vietze
- Department of Molecular Spectroscopy; Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research; Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Heejae Kim
- Department of Molecular Spectroscopy; Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research; Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Mischa Bonn
- Department of Molecular Spectroscopy; Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research; Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
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59
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Structural fluctuations cause spin-split states in tetragonal (CH 3NH 3)PbI 3 as evidenced by the circular photogalvanic effect. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:9509-9514. [PMID: 30181293 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1805422115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lead halide perovskites are used in thin-film solar cells, which owe their high efficiency to the long lifetimes of photocarriers. Various calculations find that a dynamical Rashba effect could significantly contribute to these long lifetimes. This effect is predicted to cause a spin splitting of the electronic bands of inversion-symmetric crystalline materials at finite temperatures, resulting in a slightly indirect band gap. Direct experimental evidence of the existence or the strength of the spin splitting is lacking. Here, we resonantly excite photocurrents in single crystalline ([Formula: see text])[Formula: see text] with circularly polarized light to clarify the existence of spin splittings in the band structure. We observe a circular photogalvanic effect, i.e., the photocurrent depends on the light helicity, in both orthorhombic and tetragonal ([Formula: see text])[Formula: see text] At room temperature, the effect peaks for excitation photon energies [Formula: see text] meV below the direct optical band gap. Temperature-dependent measurements reveal a sign change of the effect at the orthorhombic-tetragonal phase transition, indicating different microscopic origins in the two phases. Within the tetragonal phase, both [Formula: see text] and the amplitude of the circular photogalvanic effect increase with temperature. Our findings support a dynamical Rashba effect in this phase, i.e., a spin splitting caused by thermally induced structural fluctuations which break inversion symmetry.
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60
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Fu M, Tamarat P, Trebbia JB, Bodnarchuk MI, Kovalenko MV, Even J, Lounis B. Unraveling exciton-phonon coupling in individual FAPbI 3 nanocrystals emitting near-infrared single photons. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3318. [PMID: 30127339 PMCID: PMC6102301 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05876-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Formamidinium lead iodide (FAPbI3) exhibits the narrowest bandgap energy among lead halide perovskites, thus playing a pivotal role for the development of photovoltaics and near-infrared classical or quantum light sources. Here, we unveil the fundamental properties of FAPbI3 by spectroscopic investigations of nanocrystals of this material at the single-particle level. We show that these nanocrystals deliver near-infrared single photons suitable for quantum communication. Moreover, the low temperature photoluminescence spectra of FAPbI3 nanocrystals reveal the optical phonon modes responsible for the emission line broadening with temperature and a vanishing exciton-acoustic phonon interaction in these soft materials. The photoluminescence decays are governed by thermal mixing between fine structure states, with a two-optical phonon Raman scattering process. These results point to a strong Frölich interaction and to a phonon glass character that weakens the interactions of charge carriers with acoustic phonons and thus impacts their relaxation and mobility in these perovskites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Fu
- Université de Bordeaux, LP2N, Talence, F-33405, France
- Institut d'Optique and CNRS, LP2N, Talence, F-33405, France
| | - Philippe Tamarat
- Université de Bordeaux, LP2N, Talence, F-33405, France
- Institut d'Optique and CNRS, LP2N, Talence, F-33405, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Trebbia
- Université de Bordeaux, LP2N, Talence, F-33405, France
- Institut d'Optique and CNRS, LP2N, Talence, F-33405, France
| | - Maryna I Bodnarchuk
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, CH-8600, Switzerland
| | - Maksym V Kovalenko
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, CH-8600, Switzerland
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich, CH-8093, Switzerland
| | - Jacky Even
- Univ Rennes, INSA Rennes, CNRS, Institut FOTON - UMR 6082, Rennes, F-35000, France
| | - Brahim Lounis
- Université de Bordeaux, LP2N, Talence, F-33405, France.
- Institut d'Optique and CNRS, LP2N, Talence, F-33405, France.
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61
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Davies CL, Borchert J, Xia CQ, Milot RL, Kraus H, Johnston MB, Herz LM. Impact of the Organic Cation on the Optoelectronic Properties of Formamidinium Lead Triiodide. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:4502-4511. [PMID: 30036475 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b01628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Metal halide perovskites have proven to be excellent light-harvesting materials in photovoltaic devices whose efficiencies are rapidly improving. Here, we examine the temperature-dependent photon absorption, exciton binding energy, and band gap of FAPbI3 (thin film) and find remarkably different behavior across the β-γ phase transition compared with MAPbI3. While MAPbI3 has shown abrupt changes in the band gap and exciton binding energy, values for FAPbI3 vary smoothly over a range of 100-160 K in accordance with a more gradual transition. In addition, we find that the charge-carrier mobility in FAPbI3 exhibits a clear T-0.5 trend with temperature, in excellent agreement with theoretical predictions that assume electron-phonon interactions to be governed by the Fröhlich mechanism but in contrast to the T-1.5 dependence previously observed for MAPbI3. Finally, we directly observe intraexcitonic transitions in FAPbI3 at low temperature, from which we determine a low exciton binding energy of only 5.3 meV at 10 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher L Davies
- Department of Physics , University of Oxford , Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road , Oxford OX1 3PU , United Kingdom
| | - Juliane Borchert
- Department of Physics , University of Oxford , Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road , Oxford OX1 3PU , United Kingdom
| | - Chelsea Q Xia
- Department of Physics , University of Oxford , Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road , Oxford OX1 3PU , United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca L Milot
- Department of Physics , University of Oxford , Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road , Oxford OX1 3PU , United Kingdom
- Department of Physics , University of Warwick , Gibbet Hill Road , Coventry CV4 7AL , United Kingdom
| | - Hans Kraus
- Department of Physics , University of Oxford , Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road , Oxford OX1 3RH , United Kingdom
| | - Michael B Johnston
- Department of Physics , University of Oxford , Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road , Oxford OX1 3PU , United Kingdom
| | - Laura M Herz
- Department of Physics , University of Oxford , Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road , Oxford OX1 3PU , United Kingdom
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62
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Zhang Y, Jie W, Chen P, Liu W, Hao J. Ferroelectric and Piezoelectric Effects on the Optical Process in Advanced Materials and Devices. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1707007. [PMID: 29888451 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201707007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Piezoelectric and ferroelectric materials have shown great potential for control of the optical process in emerging materials. There are three ways for them to impact on the optical process in various materials. They can act as external perturbations, such as ferroelectric gating and piezoelectric strain, to tune the optical properties of the materials and devices. Second, ferroelectricity and piezoelectricity as innate attributes may exist in some optoelectronic materials, which can couple with other functional features (e.g., semiconductor transport, photoexcitation, and photovoltaics) in the materials giving rise to unprecedented device characteristics. The last way is artificially introducing optical functionalities into ferroelectric and piezoelectric materials and devices, which provides an opportunity for investigating the intriguing interplay between the parameters (e.g., electric field, temperature, and strain) and the introduced optical properties. Here, the tuning strategies, fundamental mechanisms, and recent progress in ferroelectric and piezoelectric effects modulating the optical properties of a wide spectrum of materials, including lanthanide-doped phosphors, quantum dots, 2D materials, wurtzite-type semiconductors, and hybrid perovskites, are presented. Finally, the future outlook and challenges of this exciting field are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- Institute of Modern Optics, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Wenjing Jie
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610068, China
| | - Ping Chen
- Institute of Modern Optics, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Weiwei Liu
- Institute of Modern Optics, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jianhua Hao
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, China
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63
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Yang B, Ming W, Du MH, Keum JK, Puretzky AA, Rouleau CM, Huang J, Geohegan DB, Wang X, Xiao K. Real-Time Observation of Order-Disorder Transformation of Organic Cations Induced Phase Transition and Anomalous Photoluminescence in Hybrid Perovskites. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1705801. [PMID: 29660765 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201705801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A fundamental understanding of the interplay between the microscopic structure and macroscopic optoelectronic properties of organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite materials is essential to design new materials and improve device performance. However, how exactly the organic cations affect the structural phase transition and optoelectronic properties of the materials is not well understood. Here, real-time, in situ temperature-dependent neutron/X-ray diffraction and photoluminescence (PL) measurements reveal a transformation of the organic cation CH3 NH3+ from order to disorder with increasing temperature in CH3 NH3 PbBr3 perovskites. The molecular-level order-to-disorder transformation of CH3 NH3+ not only leads to an anomalous increase in PL intensity, but also results in a multidomain to single-domain structural transition. This discovery establishes the important role that organic cation ordering has in dictating structural order and anomalous optoelectronic phenomenon in hybrid perovskites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Physics and Technology of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Wenmei Ming
- Materials Science & Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Mao-Hua Du
- Materials Science & Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Jong K Keum
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
- Neutron Scattering Division, Neutron Sciences Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Alexander A Puretzky
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Christopher M Rouleau
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Jinsong Huang
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68503, USA
| | - David B Geohegan
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- Neutron Scattering Division, Neutron Sciences Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Kai Xiao
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
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64
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Zheng C, Rubel O. Aziridinium Lead Iodide: A Stable, Low-Band-Gap Hybrid Halide Perovskite for Photovoltaics. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:874-880. [PMID: 29390607 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b03114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The low ionization energy of an A site molecule is a very important factor, which determines the thermodynamical stability of APbI3 hybrid halide perovskites, while the size of the molecule governs the stable phase at room temperature and, eventually, the band gap. It is challenging to achieve both a low ionization energy and the reasonable size for the PbI3 cage to circumvent the stability issue inherent to hybrid halide perovskites. Here we propose a new three-membered charged ring radical, which demonstrates a low ionization energy that renders a good stability for its corresponding perovskite and a reasonable cation size that translates into a suitable band gap for the photovoltaic application. We use ab initio calculations to evaluate a polymorphism of the crystal structure of the proposed hybrid halide perovskite, its stability, and electronic properties in comparison with the mainstream perovskites, such as the methylammonium and formamidinium lead iodide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University , 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Oleg Rubel
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University , 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
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65
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Diroll BT, Guo P, Schaller RD. Unique Optical Properties of Methylammonium Lead Iodide Nanocrystals Below the Bulk Tetragonal-Orthorhombic Phase Transition. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:846-852. [PMID: 29304286 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b04099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Methylammonium (MA) and formamidinium (FA) lead halides are widely studied for their potential as low-cost, high-performance optoelectronic materials. Here, we present measurements of visible and IR absorption, steady state, and time-resolved photoluminescence from 300 K to cryogenic temperatures. Whereas FAPbI3 nanocrystals (NCs) are found to behave in a very similar manner to reported bulk behavior, colloidal nanocrystals of MAPbI3 show a departure from the low-temperature optical behavior of the bulk material. Using photoluminescence, visible, and infrared absorption measurements, we demonstrate that unlike single crystals and polycrystalline films NCs of MAPbI3 do not undergo optical changes associated with the bulk tetragonal-to-orthorhombic phase transition, which occurs near 160 K. We find no evidence of frozen organic cation rotation to as low as 80 K or altered exciton binding energy to as low as 3 K in MAPbI3 NCs. Similar results are obtained in MAPbI3 NCs ranging from 20 to over 100 nm and in morphologies including cubes and plates. Colloidal MAPbI3 NCs therefore offer a window into the properties of the solar-relevant, room-temperature phase of MAPbI3 at temperatures inaccessible with single crystals or polycrystalline samples. Exploiting this phenomenon, these measurements reveal the existence of an optically passive photoexcited state close to the band edge and persistent slow Auger recombination at low temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin T Diroll
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Peijun Guo
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Richard D Schaller
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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66
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Varadwaj A, Varadwaj PR, Yamashita K. Revealing the Chemistry between Band Gap and Binding Energy for Lead-/Tin-Based Trihalide Perovskite Solar Cell Semiconductors. CHEMSUSCHEM 2018; 11:449-463. [PMID: 29218846 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201701653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A relationship between reported experimental band gaps (solid) and DFT-calculated binding energies (gas) is established, for the first time, for each of the four ten-membered lead (or tin) trihalide perovskite solar cell semiconductor series examined in this study, including CH3 NH3 PbY3 , CsPbY3 , CH3 NH3 SnY3 and CsSnY3 (Y=I(3-x) Brx=1-3 , I(3-x) Clx=1-3 , Br(3-x) Cl x=1-3 , and IBrCl). The relationship unequivocally provides a new dimension for the fundamental understanding of the optoelectronic features of solid-state solar cell thin films by using the 0 K gas-phase energetics of the corresponding molecular building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpita Varadwaj
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
- CREST-JST, 7 Gobancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-0076, Japan
| | - Pradeep R Varadwaj
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
- CREST-JST, 7 Gobancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-0076, Japan
| | - Koichi Yamashita
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
- CREST-JST, 7 Gobancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-0076, Japan
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67
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Wolf C, Cho H, Kim YH, Lee TW. Polaronic Charge Carrier-Lattice Interactions in Lead Halide Perovskites. CHEMSUSCHEM 2017; 10:3705-3711. [PMID: 28921874 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201701284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Almost ten years after the renaissance of the popular perovskite-type semiconductors based on lead salts with the general formula AMX3 (A=organic or inorganic cation; M=divalent metal; X=halide), many facets of photophysics continue to puzzle researchers. In this Minireview, light is shed on the low mobilities of charge carriers in lead halide perovskites with special focus on the lattice properties at non-zero temperature. The polar and soft lattice leads to pronounced electron-phonon coupling, limiting carrier mobility and retarding recombination. We propose that the proper picture of excited charge carriers at temperature ranges that are relevant for device operations is that of a polaron, with Fröhlich coupling constants between 1<α<3. Under the aspect of light-emitting diode application, APbX3 perovskite show moderate second order (bimolecular) recombination rates and high third-order (Auger) rate constants. It has become apparent that this is a direct consequence of the anisotropic polar A-site cation in organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites and might be alleviated by replacing the organic moiety with an isotropic cation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Wolf
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, BK21 PLUS SNU Materials Division for Educating Creative Global Leaders, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyungbuk, 790-784, Republic of Korea Republic of Korea
| | - Himchan Cho
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, BK21 PLUS SNU Materials Division for Educating Creative Global Leaders, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hoon Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, BK21 PLUS SNU Materials Division for Educating Creative Global Leaders, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Woo Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, BK21 PLUS SNU Materials Division for Educating Creative Global Leaders, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
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