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Girolami M, Matteocci F, Pettinato S, Serpente V, Bolli E, Paci B, Generosi A, Salvatori S, Di Carlo A, Trucchi DM. Metal-Halide Perovskite Submicrometer-Thick Films for Ultra-Stable Self-Powered Direct X-Ray Detectors. Nanomicro Lett 2024; 16:182. [PMID: 38668830 PMCID: PMC11052987 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-024-01393-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Metal-halide perovskites are revolutionizing the world of X-ray detectors, due to the development of sensitive, fast, and cost-effective devices. Self-powered operation, ensuring portability and low power consumption, has also been recently demonstrated in both bulk materials and thin films. However, the signal stability and repeatability under continuous X-ray exposure has only been tested up to a few hours, often reporting degradation of the detection performance. Here it is shown that self-powered direct X-ray detectors, fabricated starting from a FAPbBr3 submicrometer-thick film deposition onto a mesoporous TiO2 scaffold, can withstand a 26-day uninterrupted X-ray exposure with negligible signal loss, demonstrating ultra-high operational stability and excellent repeatability. No structural modification is observed after irradiation with a total ionizing dose of almost 200 Gy, revealing an unexpectedly high radiation hardness for a metal-halide perovskite thin film. In addition, trap-assisted photoconductive gain enabled the device to achieve a record bulk sensitivity of 7.28 C Gy-1 cm-3 at 0 V, an unprecedented value in the field of thin-film-based photoconductors and photodiodes for "hard" X-rays. Finally, prototypal validation under the X-ray beam produced by a medical linear accelerator for cancer treatment is also introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Girolami
- CNR-ISM, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Struttura della Materia, Sede Secondaria di Montelibretti, DiaTHEMA Lab, Strada Provinciale 35D, 9, 00010, Montelibretti, Rome, Italy.
| | - Fabio Matteocci
- CHOSE - Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy, Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome ''Tor Vergata'', Via del Politecnico 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Pettinato
- CNR-ISM, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Struttura della Materia, Sede Secondaria di Montelibretti, DiaTHEMA Lab, Strada Provinciale 35D, 9, 00010, Montelibretti, Rome, Italy
- Faculty of Engineering, Università degli Studi Niccolò Cusano, Via don Carlo Gnocchi 3, 00166, Rome, Italy
| | - Valerio Serpente
- CNR-ISM, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Struttura della Materia, Sede Secondaria di Montelibretti, DiaTHEMA Lab, Strada Provinciale 35D, 9, 00010, Montelibretti, Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Bolli
- CNR-ISM, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Struttura della Materia, Sede Secondaria di Montelibretti, DiaTHEMA Lab, Strada Provinciale 35D, 9, 00010, Montelibretti, Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Paci
- SpecXLab, CNR-ISM, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, Istituto di Struttura Della Materia, Area della Ricerca di Tor Vergata, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Amanda Generosi
- SpecXLab, CNR-ISM, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, Istituto di Struttura Della Materia, Area della Ricerca di Tor Vergata, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Salvatori
- CNR-ISM, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Struttura della Materia, Sede Secondaria di Montelibretti, DiaTHEMA Lab, Strada Provinciale 35D, 9, 00010, Montelibretti, Rome, Italy
- Faculty of Engineering, Università degli Studi Niccolò Cusano, Via don Carlo Gnocchi 3, 00166, Rome, Italy
| | - Aldo Di Carlo
- CHOSE - Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy, Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome ''Tor Vergata'', Via del Politecnico 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
- SpecXLab, CNR-ISM, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, Istituto di Struttura Della Materia, Area della Ricerca di Tor Vergata, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele M Trucchi
- CNR-ISM, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Struttura della Materia, Sede Secondaria di Montelibretti, DiaTHEMA Lab, Strada Provinciale 35D, 9, 00010, Montelibretti, Rome, Italy
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Paci B, Righi Riva F, Generosi A, Guaragno M, Mangiacapre E, Brutti S, Wagner M, Distler A, Egelhaaf HJ. Semitransparent Organic Photovoltaic Devices: Interface/Bulk Properties and Stability Issues. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2024; 14:269. [PMID: 38334540 PMCID: PMC10857079 DOI: 10.3390/nano14030269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
In the present work, an insight on the morpho/structural properties of semitransparent organic devices for buildings' integrated photovoltaics is presented, and issues related to interface and bulk stability are addressed. The organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells under investigation are characterized by a blend of PM6:Y6 as a photo-active layer, a ZnO ETL (electron transporting layer), a HTL (hole transporting layer) of HTL-X and a transparent electrode composed by Ag nanowires (AgNWs). The devices' active nanomaterials, processed as thin films, and their mutual nanoscale interfaces are investigated by a combination of in situ Energy Dispersive X-ray Reflectometry (EDXR) and ex situ Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and micro-Raman spectroscopy. In order to discriminate among diverse concomitant aging pathways potentially occurring upon working conditions, the effects of different stress factors were investigated: light and temperature. Evidence is gained of an essential structural stability, although an increased roughness at the ZnO/PM6:Y6 interface is deduced by EDXR measurements. On the contrary, an overall stability of the system subjected to thermal stress in the dark was observed, which is a clear indication of the photo-induced origin of the observed degradation phenomenon. Micro-Raman spectroscopy brings light on the origin of such effect, evidencing a photo-oxidation process of the active material in the device, using hygroscopic organic HTL, during continuous illumination in ambient moisture conditions. The process may be also triggered by a photocatalytic role of the ZnO layer. Therefore, an alternative configuration is proposed, where the hygroscopic HTL-X is replaced by the inorganic compound MoOx. The results show that such alternative configuration is stable under light stress (solar simulator), suggesting that the use of Molybdenum Oxide, limiting the photo-oxidation of the bulk PM6:Y6 active material, can prevent the cell from degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Paci
- SpecX-Lab, Istituto di Struttura della Materia CNR, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Flavia Righi Riva
- SpecX-Lab, Istituto di Struttura della Materia CNR, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Amanda Generosi
- SpecX-Lab, Istituto di Struttura della Materia CNR, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Marco Guaragno
- SpecX-Lab, Istituto di Struttura della Materia CNR, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Emanuela Mangiacapre
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma La Sapienza, P. Le Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Sergio Brutti
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma La Sapienza, P. Le Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Michael Wagner
- Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg (HI-ERN), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH (FZJ), Immerwahrstraße 2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Institute Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET), Department of Material Science, Faculty of Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Martensstraße 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Distler
- Institute Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET), Department of Material Science, Faculty of Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Martensstraße 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Egelhaaf
- Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg (HI-ERN), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH (FZJ), Immerwahrstraße 2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Institute Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET), Department of Material Science, Faculty of Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Martensstraße 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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Mezzi A, Bolli E, Kaciulis S, Bellucci A, Paci B, Generosi A, Mastellone M, Serpente V, Trucchi DM. Multi-Technique Approach for Work Function Exploration of Sc 2O 3 Thin Films. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2023; 13:1430. [PMID: 37111015 PMCID: PMC10142770 DOI: 10.3390/nano13081430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Thin films based on scandium oxide (Sc2O3) were deposited on silicon substrates to investigate the thickness effect on the reduction of work function. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray reflectivity (EDXR), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) measurements were performed on the films deposited by electron-beam evaporation with different nominal thicknesses (in the range of 2-50 nm) and in multi-layered mixed structures with barium fluoride (BaF2) films. The obtained results indicate that non-continuous films are required to minimize the work function (down to 2.7 eV at room temperature), thanks to the formation of surface dipole effects between crystalline islands and substrates, even if the stoichiometry is far from the ideal one (Sc/O = 0.38). Finally, the presence of BaF2 in multi-layered films is not beneficial for a further reduction in the work function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Mezzi
- Institute for the Study of Nanostructured Materials, ISMN-CNR, Montelibretti, 00010 Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Bolli
- Institute of Structure of Matter, DiaTHEMA Lab, ISM-CNR, Montelibretti, 00010 Rome, Italy
| | - Saulius Kaciulis
- Institute for the Study of Nanostructured Materials, ISMN-CNR, Montelibretti, 00010 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Bellucci
- Institute of Structure of Matter, DiaTHEMA Lab, ISM-CNR, Montelibretti, 00010 Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Paci
- Institute of Structure of Matter, ISM-CNR, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Amanda Generosi
- Institute of Structure of Matter, ISM-CNR, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Mastellone
- Institute of Structure of Matter, DiaTHEMA Lab, ISM-CNR, Montelibretti, 00010 Rome, Italy
| | - Valerio Serpente
- Institute of Structure of Matter, DiaTHEMA Lab, ISM-CNR, Montelibretti, 00010 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Maria Trucchi
- Institute of Structure of Matter, DiaTHEMA Lab, ISM-CNR, Montelibretti, 00010 Rome, Italy
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Castriotta LA, Matteocci F, Vesce L, Cinà L, Agresti A, Pescetelli S, Ronconi A, Löffler M, Stylianakis MM, Di Giacomo F, Mariani P, Stefanelli M, Speller EM, Alfano A, Paci B, Generosi A, Di Fonzo F, Petrozza A, Rellinghaus B, Kymakis E, Di Carlo A. Air-Processed Infrared-Annealed Printed Methylammonium-Free Perovskite Solar Cells and Modules Incorporating Potassium-Doped Graphene Oxide as an Interlayer. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:11741-11754. [PMID: 33651944 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c18920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The use of solution processes to fabricate perovskite solar cells (PSCs) represents a winning strategy to reduce capital expenditure, increase the throughput, and allow for process flexibility needed to adapt PVs to new applications. However, the typical fabrication process for PSC development to date is performed in an inert atmosphere (nitrogen), usually in a glovebox, hampering the industrial scale-up. In this work, we demonstrate, for the first time, the use of double-cation perovskite (forsaking the unstable methylammonium (MA) cation) processed in ambient air by employing potassium-doped graphene oxide (GO-K) as an interlayer, between the mesoporous TiO2 and the perovskite layer and using infrared annealing (IRA). We upscaled the device active area from 0.09 to 16 cm2 by blade coating the perovskite layer, exhibiting power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 18.3 and 16.10% for 0.1 and 16 cm2 active area devices, respectively. We demonstrated how the efficiency and stability of MA-free-based perovskite deposition in air have been improved by employing GO-K and IRA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Angelo Castriotta
- CHOSE - Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy Department of Electronic Engineering University of Rome Tor Vergata, Roma 00133, Italy
| | - Fabio Matteocci
- CHOSE - Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy Department of Electronic Engineering University of Rome Tor Vergata, Roma 00133, Italy
| | - Luigi Vesce
- CHOSE - Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy Department of Electronic Engineering University of Rome Tor Vergata, Roma 00133, Italy
| | - Lucio Cinà
- Cicci Research srl, Via Giordania 227, Grosseto 58100, Italy
| | - Antonio Agresti
- CHOSE - Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy Department of Electronic Engineering University of Rome Tor Vergata, Roma 00133, Italy
| | - Sara Pescetelli
- CHOSE - Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy Department of Electronic Engineering University of Rome Tor Vergata, Roma 00133, Italy
| | | | - Markus Löffler
- Dresden Center for Nanoanalysis (DCN), Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01069, Germany
| | - Minas M Stylianakis
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Heraklion, Crete 71410, Greece
| | - Francesco Di Giacomo
- CHOSE - Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy Department of Electronic Engineering University of Rome Tor Vergata, Roma 00133, Italy
| | - Paolo Mariani
- CHOSE - Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy Department of Electronic Engineering University of Rome Tor Vergata, Roma 00133, Italy
| | - Maurizio Stefanelli
- CHOSE - Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy Department of Electronic Engineering University of Rome Tor Vergata, Roma 00133, Italy
| | - Emily Mae Speller
- Centre for Nano Science and Technology (CNST@PoliMi), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Antonio Alfano
- Centre for Nano Science and Technology (CNST@PoliMi), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Milan 20133, Italy
- Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, P.zza L. da Vinci 32, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Barbara Paci
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia (ISM-CNR), Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, Roma (RM) 00133, Italy
| | - Amanda Generosi
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia (ISM-CNR), Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, Roma (RM) 00133, Italy
| | - Fabio Di Fonzo
- Centre for Nano Science and Technology (CNST@PoliMi), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Annamaria Petrozza
- Centre for Nano Science and Technology (CNST@PoliMi), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Bernd Rellinghaus
- Dresden Center for Nanoanalysis (DCN), Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01069, Germany
| | - Emmanuel Kymakis
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Heraklion, Crete 71410, Greece
| | - Aldo Di Carlo
- CHOSE - Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy Department of Electronic Engineering University of Rome Tor Vergata, Roma 00133, Italy
- LASE-Laboratory for Advanced Solar Energy, National University of Science and Technology MISiS, Leninskiy Ave. 6, 119049 Moscow, Russia
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Calabrò E, Matteocci F, Paci B, Cinà L, Vesce L, Barichello J, Generosi A, Reale A, Di Carlo A. Easy Strategy to Enhance Thermal Stability of Planar PSCs by Perovskite Defect Passivation and Low-Temperature Carbon-Based Electrode. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:32536-32547. [PMID: 32588625 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c05878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Organic-inorganic lead halide perovskite has recently emerged as an efficient absorber material for solution process photovoltaic (PV) technology, with certified efficiency exceeding 25%. The development of low-temperature (LT) processing is a challenging topic for decreasing the energy payback time of perovskite solar cell (PSC) technology. In this context, the LT planar n-i-p architecture meets all the requirements in terms of efficiency, scalability, and processability. However, the long-term stability of the LT planar PSC under heat and moisture stress conditions has not been carefully assessed. Here, a detailed study on thermal and moisture stability of large-area (1 cm2) LT planar PSCs is presented. In particular, the key role in thermal stability of potassium iodide (KI) insertion in the perovskite composition is demonstrated. It is found that defect passivation of triple-cation perovskite by KI doping inhibits the halide migration induced by thermal stress at 85 °C and delays the formation of degradation subproducts. T80, defined as the time when the cell retains 80% of initial efficiency, is evaluated both for reference undoped devices and KI-doped ones. The results show that T80 increases 3 times when KI doping is used. Moreover, an HTL-free architecture where the Au top electrode is replaced with low-T screen-printable carbon paste is proposed. The combination of the carbon-based HTL-free architecture and KI-doped perovskite permits T80 to increase from 40 to 414 h in unsealed devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Calabrò
- C.H.O.S.E. (Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy), Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Fabio Matteocci
- C.H.O.S.E. (Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy), Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Barbara Paci
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia-CNR (ISM-CNR), Area della Ricerca di Roma - Tor Vergata, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Lucio Cinà
- Cicci Research srl, via Giordania 227, Grosseto 58100, Italy
| | - Luigi Vesce
- C.H.O.S.E. (Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy), Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Jessica Barichello
- C.H.O.S.E. (Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy), Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Amanda Generosi
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia-CNR (ISM-CNR), Area della Ricerca di Roma - Tor Vergata, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, I-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Andrea Reale
- C.H.O.S.E. (Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy), Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Aldo Di Carlo
- C.H.O.S.E. (Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy), Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, Rome 00133, Italy
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia-CNR (ISM-CNR), Area della Ricerca di Roma - Tor Vergata, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, I-00133 Roma, Italy
- LASE - Laboratory for Advanced Solar Energy, National University of Science and Technology "MISiS", 119049 Leninskiy prosect 6, Moscow, Russia
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Prestopino G, Arrabito G, Generosi A, Mattoccia A, Paci B, Perez G, Verona-Rinati G, Medaglia PG. Emerging switchable ultraviolet photoluminescence in dehydrated Zn/Al layered double hydroxide nanoplatelets. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11498. [PMID: 31395962 PMCID: PMC6687718 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48012-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Layered double hydroxides show intriguing physical and chemical properties arising by their intrinsic self-assembled stacking of molecular-thick 2D nanosheets, enhanced active surface area, hosting of guest species by intercalation and anion exchanging capabilities. Here, we report on the unprecedented emerging intense ultraviolet photoluminescence in Zn/Al layered double hydroxide high-aspect-ratio nanoplatelets, which we discovered to be fully activated by drying under vacuum condition and thermal desorption as well. Photoluminescence and its quenching were reproducibly switched by a dehydration–hydration process. Photoluminescence properties were comprehensively evaluated, such as temperature dependence of photoluminescence features and lifetime measurements. The role of 2D morphology and arrangement of hydroxide layers was demonstrated by evaluating the photoluminescence before and after exfoliation of a bulk phase synthetized by a coprecipitation method.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Prestopino
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale, Università di Roma 'Tor Vergata', Via del Politecnico 1, I-00133, Roma, Italy
| | - G Arrabito
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Ed.17, V.le delle Scienze, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - A Generosi
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ISM-CNR), Area di Ricerca di Tor Vergata, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere, 100, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - A Mattoccia
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale, Università di Roma 'Tor Vergata', Via del Politecnico 1, I-00133, Roma, Italy
| | - B Paci
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ISM-CNR), Area di Ricerca di Tor Vergata, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere, 100, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - G Perez
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ISM-CNR), Via Salaria km 29.300, Roma, Monterotondo Scalo, 00015, Italy
| | - G Verona-Rinati
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale, Università di Roma 'Tor Vergata', Via del Politecnico 1, I-00133, Roma, Italy
| | - P G Medaglia
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale, Università di Roma 'Tor Vergata', Via del Politecnico 1, I-00133, Roma, Italy.
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De Padova P, Generosi A, Paci B, Ottaviani C, Quaresima C, Olivieri B, Kopciuszyński M, Żurawek L, Zdyb R, Krawiec M. New Findings on Multilayer Silicene on Si(111)√3×√3R30°-Ag Template. Materials (Basel) 2019; 12:ma12142258. [PMID: 31337057 PMCID: PMC6678445 DOI: 10.3390/ma12142258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We report new findings on multilayer silicene grown on Si(111)√3 × √3 R30°-Ag template, after the recent first compelling experimental evidence of its synthesis. Low-energy electron diffraction, reflection high-energy electron diffraction, and energy-dispersive grazing incidence X-ray diffraction measurements were performed to show up the fingerprints of √3 × √3 multilayer silicene. Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy displayed new features in the second surface Brillouin zone, attributed to the multilayer silicene on Si(111)√3 × √3 R30°-Ag. Band-structure dispersion theoretical calculations performed on a model of three honeycomb stacked layers, silicene grown on Si(111)√3 × √3 R30°-Ag surface confirm the experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola De Padova
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-ISM, Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy.
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati Via Enrico Fermi 40, Frascati, 00044 Roma, Italy.
| | - Amanda Generosi
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-ISM, Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Barbara Paci
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-ISM, Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Carlo Ottaviani
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-ISM, Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Claudio Quaresima
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-ISM, Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Bruno Olivieri
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-ISAC, Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Marek Kopciuszyński
- Institute of Physics, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, pl. M. Curie-Sklodowskiej 1, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - Lucyna Żurawek
- Institute of Physics, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, pl. M. Curie-Sklodowskiej 1, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - Ryszard Zdyb
- Institute of Physics, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, pl. M. Curie-Sklodowskiej 1, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - Mariusz Krawiec
- Institute of Physics, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, pl. M. Curie-Sklodowskiej 1, 20-031 Lublin, Poland.
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Cordero F, Craciun F, Trequattrini F, Generosi A, Paci B, Paoletti AM, Pennesi G. Stability of Cubic FAPbI 3 from X-ray Diffraction, Anelastic, and Dielectric Measurements. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:2463-2469. [PMID: 31041864 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b00896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Among the hybrid metal-organic perovskites for photovoltaic applications, FAPbI3 (FAPI) has the best performance regarding efficiency and the worst regarding stability, even though the reports on its stability are highly contradictory. In particular, since at room temperature the cubic α phase, black and with high photovoltaic efficiency, is metastable against the yellow hexagonal δ phase, it is believed that α-FAPI spontaneously transforms into δ-FAPI within a relatively short time. We performed X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetric measurements on loose powder of FAPI, and present the first complete dielectric and anelastic spectra of compacted FAPI samples under various conditions. We found that α-FAPI is perfectly stable for at least 100 days, the duration of the experiments, unless extrinsic factors induce its degradation. In our tests, degradation was detected after exposure to humidity, strongly accelerated by grain boundaries and the presence of δ phase, but it was not noticeable on the loose powder kept in air under normal laboratory illumination. These findings have strong implications on the strategies for improving the stability of FAPI without diminishing its photovoltaic efficiency through modifications of its composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Cordero
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia-CNR (ISM-CNR) , Area della Ricerca di Roma - Tor Vergata, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100 , I-00133 Roma , Italy
| | - Floriana Craciun
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia-CNR (ISM-CNR) , Area della Ricerca di Roma - Tor Vergata, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100 , I-00133 Roma , Italy
| | - Francesco Trequattrini
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia-CNR (ISM-CNR) , Area della Ricerca di Roma - Tor Vergata, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100 , I-00133 Roma , Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica , Università di Roma "La Sapienza" , p.le A. Moro 2 , I-00185 Roma , Italy
| | - Amanda Generosi
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia-CNR (ISM-CNR) , Area della Ricerca di Roma - Tor Vergata, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100 , I-00133 Roma , Italy
| | - Barbara Paci
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia-CNR (ISM-CNR) , Area della Ricerca di Roma - Tor Vergata, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100 , I-00133 Roma , Italy
| | - Anna Maria Paoletti
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia-CNR (ISM-CNR) , Area della Ricerca di Roma 1, Via Salaria, Km 29.300 , I-00015 Monterotondo Scalo, Roma , Italy
| | - Giovanna Pennesi
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia-CNR (ISM-CNR) , Area della Ricerca di Roma 1, Via Salaria, Km 29.300 , I-00015 Monterotondo Scalo, Roma , Italy
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Picardi G, Spalloni A, Generosi A, Paci B, Mercuri NB, Luce M, Longone P, Cricenti A. Tissue degeneration in ALS affected spinal cord evaluated by Raman spectroscopy. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13110. [PMID: 30166600 PMCID: PMC6117324 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31469-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The Raman spectral features from spinal cord tissue sections of transgenic, ALS model mice and non-transgenic mice were compared using 457 nm excitation line, profiting from the favourable signal intensity obtained in the molecular fingerprint region at this wavelength. Transverse sections from four SOD1G93A mice at 75 days and from two at 90 days after birth were analysed and compared with sections of similarly aged control mice. The spectra acquired within the grey matter of tissue sections from the diseased mice is markedly different from the grey matter signature of healthy mice. In particular, we observe an intensity increase in the spectral windows 450-650 cm-1 and 1050-1200 cm-1, accompanied by an intensity decrease in the lipid contributions at ~1660 cm-1, ~1440 cm-1 and ~1300 cm-1. Axons demyelination, loss of lipid structural order and the proliferation and aggregation of branched proteoglycans are related to the observed spectral modifications. Furthermore, the grey and white matter components of the spinal cord sections could also be spectrally distinguished, based on the relative intensity of characteristic lipid and protein bands. Raman spectra acquired from the white matter regions of the SOD1G93A mice closely resembles those from control mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gennaro Picardi
- CNR Istituto Struttura della Materia, Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, I-00133, Rome, Italy.
| | - Alida Spalloni
- Laboratorio di Neurobiologia Molecolare, Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, Via del Fosso di Fiorano 64/65, I-00143, Rome, Italy
| | - Amanda Generosi
- CNR Istituto Struttura della Materia, Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, I-00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Paci
- CNR Istituto Struttura della Materia, Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, I-00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Biagio Mercuri
- Department of Systems Medicine, Neurology UOC, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Fondazione PTV, Policlinico"Tor Vergata", Viale Oxford 81, I-00133, Rome, Italy
- Department of Experimental Neuroscience, Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, Via del Fosso di Fiorano 64/65, I-00143, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Luce
- CNR Istituto Struttura della Materia, Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, I-00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizia Longone
- Laboratorio di Neurobiologia Molecolare, Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, Via del Fosso di Fiorano 64/65, I-00143, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Cricenti
- CNR Istituto Struttura della Materia, Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, I-00133, Rome, Italy
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Schwingenschlögl U, Zhu J, Morishita T, Spencer MJ, Padova PD, Generosi A, Paci B, Ottaviani C, Quaresima C, Olivieri B, Salomon E, Angot T, Lay GL, Zandvliet HJ, Lew Yan Voon LC. Elemental Two-Dimensional Materials Beyond Graphene. Physical Sciences Reviews 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2016-0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThis review article summarizes a few of the papers presented during Symposium II of the International Conference of Pure and Applied Chemistry in July 2016. Properties of monolayers of silicene are first addressed, followed by multilayer silicene and, at the end, a discussion on germanene.
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Paci B, Kakavelakis G, Generosi A, Rossi Albertini V, Wright JP, Ferrero C, Konios D, Stratakis E, Kymakis E. Stability enhancement of organic photovoltaic devices utilizing partially reduced graphene oxide as the hole transport layer: nanoscale insight into structural/interfacial properties and aging effects. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra24010g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
A powerful insight into the structural and interfacial properties of post-fabricated bulk heterojunction (BHJ) organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices, utilizing partially reduced graphene oxide as the hole transport layer, is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Paci
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia
- CNR
- 00133 Roma
- Italy
| | - G. Kakavelakis
- Center of Materials Technology and Photonics & Electrical Engineering Department
- Technological Educational Institute (TEI) of Crete
- School of Engineering
- Heraklion
- Greece
| | - A. Generosi
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia
- CNR
- 00133 Roma
- Italy
| | | | - J. P. Wright
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility
- 38000 Grenoble
- France
| | - C. Ferrero
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility
- 38000 Grenoble
- France
| | - D. Konios
- Center of Materials Technology and Photonics & Electrical Engineering Department
- Technological Educational Institute (TEI) of Crete
- School of Engineering
- Heraklion
- Greece
| | - E. Stratakis
- Center of Materials Technology and Photonics & Electrical Engineering Department
- Technological Educational Institute (TEI) of Crete
- School of Engineering
- Heraklion
- Greece
| | - E. Kymakis
- Center of Materials Technology and Photonics & Electrical Engineering Department
- Technological Educational Institute (TEI) of Crete
- School of Engineering
- Heraklion
- Greece
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Paci B, Generosi A, Albertini VR, de Bettignes R. Improved structural/morphological durability for organic solar cells based on poly(3-hexylthiophene) fibers photoactive layers. Chem Phys Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2013.09.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Paci B, Generosi A, Albertini VR, Spyropoulos GD, Stratakis E, Kymakis E. Enhancement of photo/thermal stability of organic bulk heterojunction photovoltaic devices via gold nanoparticles doping of the active layer. Nanoscale 2012; 4:7452-7459. [PMID: 23086292 DOI: 10.1039/c2nr32799f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This study focuses on the crucial problem of the stability of organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices, aiming to shed light on the photo and thermal degradation mechanisms during prolonged irradiation under ambient conditions. For this purpose, the stability enhancement of bulk heterojunction OPV devices upon embedding surfactant free Au nanoparticles (NPs) into the photoactive layer is investigated by in situ time-resolved energy dispersive X-ray reflectometry (EDXR), photoluminescence (PL) and Raman spectroscopy as well as device degradation electrical measurements. It is shown that besides the improved cell efficiency attributed to plasmon absorption and scattering effects, the embedded NPs act as performance stabilizers, giving rise to enhanced structural stability and, in turn, to reduced photodegradation rate of the respective OPV devices. It is particularly clarified that, in addition to further stabilization of the polymer-fullerene blend, the observed improvement can be ascribed to a NP-mediated mitigation of the photooxidation effect at the cathode-active layer interface. Our work suggests the exploitation of surfactant free NPs to be a successful approach to address aging effects in OPV devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Paci
- ISM-CNR, Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy.
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De Padova P, Olivieri B, Mariot JM, Favre L, Berbezier I, Quaresima C, Paci B, Generosi A, Rossi Albertini V, Cricenti A, Ottaviani C, Luce M, Testa AM, Peddis D, Fiorani D, Scarselli M, De Crescenzi M, Heckmann O, Richter MC, Hricovini K, d'Acapito F. Ferromagnetic Mn-doped Si0.3Ge0.7 nanodots self-assembled on Si(100). J Phys Condens Matter 2012; 24:142203. [PMID: 22410688 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/24/14/142203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Densely packed epitaxial Mn-doped Si(0.3)Ge(0.7) nanodots self-assembled on Si(100) have been obtained. Their structural properties were studied using reflection high-energy electron diffraction, energy dispersive x-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, extended x-ray absorption fine structure measurements and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. Mn(5)Ge(1)Si(2) crystallites embedded in Si(0.3)Ge(0.7) were found. They exhibit a ferromagnetic behaviour with a Curie temperature of about 225 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- P De Padova
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto di Struttura della Materia, via Fosso del Cavaliere, 00133 Roma, Italy.
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Gavini E, Rassu G, Ferraro L, Generosi A, Rau JV, Brunetti A, Giunchedi P, Dalpiaz A. Influence of Chitosan Glutamate on the in vivo Intranasal Absorption of Rokitamycin from Microspheres. J Pharm Sci 2011; 100:1488-502. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.22382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2010] [Revised: 09/27/2010] [Accepted: 09/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Scaramuzzo FA, Salvati R, Paci B, Generosi A, Rossi-Albertini V, Latini A, Barteri M. Nanoscale in situ morphological study of proteins immobilized on gold thin films. J Phys Chem B 2010; 113:15895-9. [PMID: 19899801 DOI: 10.1021/jp907149m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The nanoscale organization of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and of its polyclonal antibody immobilized on gold thin films was studied by means of Energy Dispersive X-ray Reflectometry (EDXR) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). The macromolecules were alternatively deposited over a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of N-hydroxysuccinimide esters of thioctic acid. The measurements, collected in situ at subsequent deposition stages of the device, gave information on the distribution of the macromolecules on the surface showing that both the proteins can bind covalently to the SAM. In addition to this, we demonstrated that the antigen-antibody reaction takes place when one of the two reactants is anchored to the surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca A Scaramuzzo
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale A.Moro, 5 - Roma 00185, Italy
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Generosi A, Rau JV, Rossi Albertini V, Paci B. Crystallization process of carbonate substituted hydroxyapatite nanoparticles in toothpastes upon physiological conditions: an in situ time-resolved X-ray diffraction study. J Mater Sci Mater Med 2010; 21:445-450. [PMID: 19834786 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-009-3905-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2009] [Accepted: 10/05/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The crystallization process in recently developed toothpastes, containing nanoparticles of carbonate substituted hydroxyapatite (nano-CHA), was investigated. For this purpose, the non-conventional Energy Dispersive X-Ray Diffraction technique, that demonstrated to be a powerful tool to follow in situ phase transformations, was applied, for the first time, to products of pharmaceutical-cosmetic interest. Two types of toothpastes, containing 15 and 20 wt% of nano-CHA, respectively, have been studied. It was observed that, after mixing the toothpastes with water and saliva in order to reproduce in vivo conditions, a crystallization of nano-CHA takes place. Such process occurs in a characteristic time of (22 +/- 1) min for the toothpaste containing 15 wt% of nano-CHA and of (3.9 +/- 0.5) min for the one containing 20% of nano-CHA. For both toothpastes, a 10% increase in grain dimensions was observed over an average characteristic time of (55 +/- 5) min.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Generosi
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere, 100-00133, Rome, Italy
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Latini A, Rau JV, Teghil R, Generosi A, Albertini VR. Superhard properties of rhodium and iridium boride films. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2010; 2:581-587. [PMID: 20356208 DOI: 10.1021/am9008264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Very recently, the superhard properties of rhenium and ruthenium boride films were reported, this research being inspired by the discovery of the ReB(2) bulk superhardness. In this paper, we report the first successful deposition and characterization of rhodium and iridium boride films, other possible candidates for superhard materials. The films were prepared, applying the pulsed laser deposition technique, and studied by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron and atomic force microscopies, and Vickers microhardness. The refined structural parameters for RhB(1.1) and IrB(1.1) films were obtained. The RhB(1.1) film is characterized by the submicrometer crystallite size, whereas for the IrB(1.1) film, the crystallite size is in the tens of nanometers range, and this latter film presents a slightly preferred orientation along the [004] direction. Both the films exhibit very similar morphology, being composed of dense globular aggregate texture. The RhB(1.1) film presents a homogeneously textured surface with an average roughness of 20-50 nm, whereas the IrB(1.1) film possesses a finer texture with an average roughness of 20-30 nm. The intrinsic hardness of both films lies in the superhardness range: the 1.0 microm thick RhB(1.1) film possesses a hardness of 44 GPa, whereas the 0.4 microm thick IrB(1.1) film has a hardness of 43 GPa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Latini
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Sapienza Universita di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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Rau JV, Generosi A, Komlev VS, Fosca M, Barinov SM, Albertini VR. Real-time monitoring of the mechanism of poorly crystalline apatite cement conversion in the presence of chitosan, simulated body fluid and human blood. Dalton Trans 2010; 39:11412-23. [DOI: 10.1039/c0dt00731e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Generosi A, Rau JV, Komlev VS, Albertini VR, Fedotov AY, Barinov SM. Anomalous Hardening Behavior of a Calcium Phosphate Bone Cement. J Phys Chem B 2009; 114:973-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jp907350u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Generosi
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via del Fosso del Cavaliere, 100-00133 Rome, Italy, A.A. Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospect 49, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Julietta V. Rau
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via del Fosso del Cavaliere, 100-00133 Rome, Italy, A.A. Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospect 49, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir S. Komlev
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via del Fosso del Cavaliere, 100-00133 Rome, Italy, A.A. Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospect 49, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Valerio Rossi Albertini
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via del Fosso del Cavaliere, 100-00133 Rome, Italy, A.A. Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospect 49, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexandr Yu. Fedotov
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via del Fosso del Cavaliere, 100-00133 Rome, Italy, A.A. Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospect 49, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey M. Barinov
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via del Fosso del Cavaliere, 100-00133 Rome, Italy, A.A. Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospect 49, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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Smirnov VV, Rau JV, Generosi A, Albertini VR, Ferro D, Barinov SM. Elucidation of real-time hardening mechanisms of two novel high-strength calcium phosphate bone cements. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2009; 93:74-83. [PMID: 20024971 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.31560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Despite the numerous literature data available in the field of calcium phosphate bone cements, the mechanism and kinetics of their hardening, both of which are of great importance for cements application, in most cases, is unknown. In this work, the mechanism and kinetics of hardening of two novel high-strength calcium phosphate bone cements were studied using the energy dispersive X-ray diffraction technique, which allows rapid collection of the patterns. The phase transformations occurring on the setting and hardening processes were monitored in situ. Containing minimal quantity of components, whose mixing leads to the formation of cements with pH close to neutral, the cements under study are simple in handling. The main component of both formulations is tetracalcium phosphate. In both cements, the effect of the addition of high- and low-molecular weight chitosan on phase development and kinetics was investigated in detail. One of the cements has the compressive strength of about 70 MPa, whereas the strength of the other, containing Ca(3)Al(2)O(6), is much higher, about 100 MPa. This latter cement could be regarded as an alternative to the common low-strength bioresorbable brushite cements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valery V Smirnov
- Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
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Paci B, Generosi A, Generosi R, Bailo D, Rossi Albertini V. Simultaneous in situ AFM/EDXR techniques for thin films time-resolved morphological studies. Chem Phys Lett 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2009.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Rau JV, Generosi A, Laureti S, Komlev VS, Ferro D, Cesaro SN, Paci B, Albertini VR, Agostinelli E, Barinov SM. Physicochemical investigation of pulsed laser deposited carbonated hydroxyapatite films on titanium. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2009; 1:1813-1820. [PMID: 20355798 DOI: 10.1021/am900356e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Carbonated hydroxyapatite (CHA)-coated titanium can find wide applications as bone substitute implant in bone and dental surgery and orthopedics, promoting osseointegration with a host bone and ensuring biocompatibility and bioactivity. In this work, carbonated hydroxyapatite films were prepared on titanium substrates by pulsed laser deposition at different substrate temperatures ranging from 30 to 750 degrees C. The properties of films were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Vickers microhardness measurements of the composite film-substrate systems were performed, and the intrinsic hardness of films was separated from the composite hardness using a "law-of-mixtures" approach and taking into account the indentation size effect. The prepared CHA films are nearly stoichiometric with a Ca/P atomic ratio of 2.0-2.2. The films deposited in the 30-500 degrees C temperature range are about 9 microm thick, amorphous, having an average roughness of 60 nm. At higher temperature, 700-750 degrees C, the films are about 4 microm thick, show a finer surface morphology and an average roughness of 20 nm. At 750 degrees C the films are amorphous, whereas at 700 degrees C they are crystalline and textured along the (202) and (212) directions. The intrinsic hardness of the films increased with an increase in substrate temperature, being as low as 5 GPa at 30 degrees C and reaching a high value of 28 GPa at 700 degrees C. The rich information gained by the joint use of the mentioned techniques allowed a comprehensive characterization of this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julietta V Rau
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy.
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Rau J, Generosi A, Ferro D, Minozzi F, Paci B, Albertini VR, Dolci G, Barinov S. In situ time-resolved X-ray diffraction study of evolution of nanohydroxyapatite particles in physiological solution. Materials Science and Engineering: C 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2008.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Paci B, Generosi A, Rossi Albertini V, Perfetti P, de Bettignies R, Sentein C. Time-resolved morphological study of organic thin film solar cells based on calcium/aluminium cathode material. Chem Phys Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2008.06.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Rau JV, Generosi A, Smirnov VV, Ferro D, Rossi Albertini V, Barinov SM. Energy dispersive X-ray diffraction study of phase development during hardening of calcium phosphate bone cements with addition of chitosan. Acta Biomater 2008; 4:1089-94. [PMID: 18308650 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2008.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2007] [Revised: 12/04/2007] [Accepted: 01/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to study the phase transformation during the setting reaction of two calcium phosphate bone cements based on either alpha tricalcium phosphate (alpha-TCP) or tetracalcium phosphate (TetCP) initial solid phase, and a magnesium carbonate-phosphoric acid solution as the hardening liquid. Low molecular weight (38.2 kDa) chitosan was used to retard the cement's setting reaction. To follow the kinetics of the phase development, an energy dispersive X-ray diffraction technique was applied. This technique allowed the collection of diffraction patterns from the cement pastes in situ starting from 1 min of the setting process. In the case of the TetCP-based cement, the appearance and evolution of an intermediate phase was detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- J V Rau
- Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati, CNR, Piazzale Aldo Moro, Rome, Italy
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Agostinelli E, Laureti S, Varvaro G, Generosi A, Paci B, Rossi-Albertini V, Scavia G, Testa A. Study of structural microstructural and magnetic properties of very thin Co50Pt50 films deposited by PLD. Materials Science and Engineering: C 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2006.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Scavia G, Agostinelli E, Laureti S, Varvaro G, Paci B, Generosi A, Albertini VR, Kaciulis S, Mezzi A. Evolution of the Pt Layer Deposited on MgO(001) by Pulsed Laser Deposition as a Function of the Deposition Parameters: A Scanning Tunneling Microscopy and Energy Dispersive X-ray Diffractometry/Reflectometry Study. J Phys Chem B 2006; 110:5529-36. [PMID: 16539492 DOI: 10.1021/jp0554644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A combined ultrahigh vacuum scanning tunneling microscopy (STM-UHV) and energy dispersive X-ray diffractometry/reflectometry (EDXD/EDXR) study of the evolution of face-centered cubic (fcc) Pt layer growth on MgO(100) by pulsed laser deposition as a function of the process parameters such as deposition temperature and deposition duration has been carried out. The aim of this study is to define the best experimental conditions to obtain a controlled film deposition selective on the Pt growth direction (either [111] or [002]). The evolution of the Pt surface morphology as a function of the deposition temperature (T(dep)) from 300 to 700 degrees C has been studied with STM and ED techniques. Results show that the Pt surface, characterized at T(dep) = 300 degrees C by a 3D island morphology, evolves at higher temperatures to a morphology in which the original islands coexist with a distribution of orthogonal 2D stripes. The two features can be associated with the [111] and [002] Pt growth directions of the fcc phase, respectively. For T(dep) = 700 degrees C, the island morphology of the (111) face completely disappears, while the merging process of the (002) stripes reaches completion. The evolution of the morphology at T(dep) = 600 degrees C as a function of the deposition time and thickness has then been studied with STM-UHV, revealing an initial growth of mosaic-like 3D islands. These independent islands, already interconnected, expand along two orthogonal directions and, for longer deposition times, lead to the texture of orthogonal stripes. The EDXR characterization providing the morphological parameters of the films, i.e., thickness and roughness, confirms the above observation and quantifies the effect of such morphological changes on the surface roughness of the Pt film, an important parameter for applications of Pt films as underlayer in magnetic recording media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Scavia
- Area di Ricerca ROMA 1, Istituto di Struttura della Materia, CNR, via Salaria km 29.500, 00016 Monterotondo Scalo, Roma, Italy.
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Generosi A, Albertini VR, Rossi G, Pennesi G, Caminiti R. Energy Dispersive X-ray Reflectometry of the NO2 Interaction with Ruthenium Phthalocyanine Films. J Phys Chem B 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp021846n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Generosi
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia (CNR), Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy, Istituto di Struttura della Materia (CNR), Via Salaria Km.29.5, CP10 Monterotondo Stazione, Roma, Italy, and Dipartimento di Chimica, Istituto Nazionale per la Fisica della Materia, Università di Roma “La Sapienza”, P.le Aldo Moro 5, Roma, Italy
| | - Valerio Rossi Albertini
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia (CNR), Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy, Istituto di Struttura della Materia (CNR), Via Salaria Km.29.5, CP10 Monterotondo Stazione, Roma, Italy, and Dipartimento di Chimica, Istituto Nazionale per la Fisica della Materia, Università di Roma “La Sapienza”, P.le Aldo Moro 5, Roma, Italy
| | - Gentilina Rossi
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia (CNR), Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy, Istituto di Struttura della Materia (CNR), Via Salaria Km.29.5, CP10 Monterotondo Stazione, Roma, Italy, and Dipartimento di Chimica, Istituto Nazionale per la Fisica della Materia, Università di Roma “La Sapienza”, P.le Aldo Moro 5, Roma, Italy
| | - Giovanna Pennesi
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia (CNR), Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy, Istituto di Struttura della Materia (CNR), Via Salaria Km.29.5, CP10 Monterotondo Stazione, Roma, Italy, and Dipartimento di Chimica, Istituto Nazionale per la Fisica della Materia, Università di Roma “La Sapienza”, P.le Aldo Moro 5, Roma, Italy
| | - Ruggero Caminiti
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia (CNR), Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy, Istituto di Struttura della Materia (CNR), Via Salaria Km.29.5, CP10 Monterotondo Stazione, Roma, Italy, and Dipartimento di Chimica, Istituto Nazionale per la Fisica della Materia, Università di Roma “La Sapienza”, P.le Aldo Moro 5, Roma, Italy
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