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Tiwari M, Chaube SK. Reduction of nitric oxide level results in maturation promoting factor destabilization during spontaneous meiotic exit from diplotene arrest in rat cumulus oocytes complexes cultured in vitro. Dev Growth Differ 2017; 59:615-625. [PMID: 28836261 DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxides (NO) act as one of the major signal molecules and modulate various cell functions including oocyte meiosis in mammals. The present study was designed to investigate the mechanism of NO action during spontaneous meiotic exit from diplotene arrest (EDA) in rat cumulus oocytes complexes (COCs) cultured in vitro. Diplotene-arrested COCs collected from ovary of immature female rats after 20 IU pregnant mare's serum gonadotropins (PMSG) for 48 h were exposed to various concentrations of NO donor, S-nitroso-N-acetyl penicillamine (SNAP) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) inhibitor, aminoguanidine (AG) for 3 h in vitro and downstream factors were analyzed. Our results suggest that SNAP inhibited, while AG induced EDA in a concentration-dependent manner. The iNOS-mediated total NO, cyclic nucleotides and cell division cycle 25B (Cdc25B) levels were reduced significantly. The decreased Cdc25B was associated with the increased Thr14/Tyr15 phosphorylated cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (Cdk1) level and decreased Thr161 phosphorylated Cdk1 as well as cyclin B1 levels leading to maturation promoting factor (MPF) destabilization. The destabilized MPF finally induced spontaneous EDA. Taken together, these results suggest that reduction of iNOS-mediated NO level destabilizes MPF during spontaneous EDA in rat COCs cultured in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Tiwari
- Cell Physiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, UP, India
| | - Shail K Chaube
- Cell Physiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, UP, India
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52
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Sisinni L, Maddalena F, Condelli V, Pannone G, Simeon V, Li Bergolis V, Lopes E, Piscazzi A, Matassa DS, Mazzoccoli C, Nozza F, Lettini G, Amoroso MR, Bufo P, Esposito F, Landriscina M. TRAP1 controls cell cycle G2-M transition through the regulation of CDK1 and MAD2 expression/ubiquitination. J Pathol 2017; 243:123-134. [PMID: 28678347 DOI: 10.1002/path.4936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Regulation of tumour cell proliferation by molecular chaperones is still a complex issue. Here, the role of the HSP90 molecular chaperone TRAP1 in cell cycle regulation was investigated in a wide range of human breast, colorectal, and lung carcinoma cell lines, and tumour specimens. TRAP1 modulates the expression and/or the ubiquitination of key cell cycle regulators through a dual mechanism: (i) transcriptional regulation of CDK1, CYCLIN B1, and MAD2, as suggested by gene expression profiling of TRAP1-silenced breast carcinoma cells; and (ii) post-transcriptional quality control of CDK1 and MAD2, being the ubiquitination of these two proteins enhanced upon TRAP1 down-regulation. Mechanistically, TRAP1 quality control on CDK1 is crucial for its regulation of mitotic entry, since TRAP1 interacts with CDK1 and prevents CDK1 ubiquitination in cooperation with the proteasome regulatory particle TBP7, this representing the limiting factor in TRAP1 regulation of the G2-M transition. Indeed, TRAP1 silencing results in enhanced CDK1 ubiquitination, lack of nuclear translocation of CDK1/cyclin B1 complex, and increased MAD2 degradation, whereas CDK1 forced up-regulation partially rescues low cyclin B1 and MAD2 levels and G2-M transit in a TRAP1-poor background. Consistently, the CDK1 inhibitor RO-3306 is less active in a TRAP1-high background. Finally, a significant correlation was observed between TRAP1 and Ki67, CDK1 and/or MAD2 expression in breast, colorectal, and lung human tumour specimens. This study represents the first evidence that TRAP1 is relevant in the control of the complex machinery that governs cell cycle progression and mitotic entry and provides a strong rationale to regard TRAP1 as a biomarker to select tumours with deregulated cell cycle progression and thus likely poorly responsive to novel cell cycle inhibitors. Copyright © 2017 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenza Sisinni
- Laboratory of Pre-clinical and Translational Research, IRCCS, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Francesca Maddalena
- Laboratory of Pre-clinical and Translational Research, IRCCS, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Valentina Condelli
- Laboratory of Pre-clinical and Translational Research, IRCCS, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Pannone
- Anatomic Pathology Unit, Department of Clinic and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Italy
| | - Vittorio Simeon
- Laboratory of Pre-clinical and Translational Research, IRCCS, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Valeria Li Bergolis
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Italy
| | - Elvira Lopes
- Laboratory of Pre-clinical and Translational Research, IRCCS, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Annamaria Piscazzi
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Italy
| | - Danilo Swann Matassa
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Italy
| | - Carmela Mazzoccoli
- Laboratory of Pre-clinical and Translational Research, IRCCS, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Filomena Nozza
- Laboratory of Pre-clinical and Translational Research, IRCCS, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Giacomo Lettini
- Laboratory of Pre-clinical and Translational Research, IRCCS, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Amoroso
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Italy
| | - Pantaleo Bufo
- Anatomic Pathology Unit, Department of Clinic and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Italy
| | - Franca Esposito
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Italy
| | - Matteo Landriscina
- Laboratory of Pre-clinical and Translational Research, IRCCS, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, Italy.,Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Italy
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53
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Carbenoxolone reduces cyclic nucleotides level, destabilizes maturation promoting factor and induces meiotic exit from diplotene arrest in rat cumulus oocytes complexes cultured in vitro. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 94:219-230. [PMID: 28763745 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.07.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disruption of gap junction and transfer of cyclic nucleotides to the oocyte lead to meiotic exit from diplotene arrest (EDA) in mammals. In the present study, we examined whether a gap junction blocker, carbenoxolone (CBX) could induce EDA by reducing cyclic nucleotides level and destabilizing maturation promoting factor (MPF) in rat oocytes cultured in vitro. METHODS Diplotene-arrested cumulus oocyte complexes (COCs) were collected from ovary of immature female rats after 20 IU pregnant mare's serum gonadotropins (PMSG) for 48h. These diplotene-arrested COCs were incubated with various concentration of CBX for 3h in vitro. The morphological changes, meiotic status of oocyte, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), total nitric oxide (NO), adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP), guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP), cell division cycle 25B (Cdc25B), changes in specific phosphorylation status of cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (Cdk1) and cyclin B1 levels were analyzed. RESULTS CBX induced EDA in a concentration-dependent manner. The iNOS expression, total NO and cyclic nucleotides level were significantly decreased. The reduced cyclic nucleotides level resulted in the decrease of Cdc25B expression level. The decreased Cdc25B was associated with the increased Thr14/Tyr15 phosphorylated Cdk1 level. However, Thr161 phosphorylated Cdk1 as well as cyclin B1 levels were significantly reduced leading to MPF destabilization. The destabilized MPF finally induced EDA in rat COCs cultured in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that CBX blocked gap junctions interrupted the transfer of cyclic nucleotides to the oocyte. Reduction of cyclic nucleotides level destabilized MPF and induced EDA in vitro. Thus, CBX could be used to induce meiotic maturation under in vitro culture conditions during assisted reproductive technology (ART) programs.
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54
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Wu W, Hu Z, Wang F, Gu H, Jiang X, Xu J, Zhan X, Zheng D, Zhang Z. Mxi1-0 regulates the growth of human umbilical vein endothelial cells through extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and interleukin-8 (IL-8)-dependent pathways. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178831. [PMID: 28575053 PMCID: PMC5456372 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Mxi1 plays an important role in the regulation of cell proliferation. Mxi1-0, a Mxi1 isoform, has a different N-terminal amino acid sequence, intracellular location and expression profile from Mxi1. However, the precise role of Mxi1-0 in cell proliferation and the molecular mechanism underlying its function remain poorly understood. Here, we showed that Mxi1-0 suppression decreased the proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) along with cell accumulation in the G2/M phase. Mxi1-0 suppression also significantly decreased the expression and secretion of interleukin (IL-8). Neutralizing IL-8 in conditioned medium (CM) from Mxi1-0-overexpressed HUVECs significantly eliminated CM-induced proliferation of HUVECs. In addition, Mxi1-0 suppression significantly decreased the activity of MAP kinase ERK1/2. Treatment of HUVECs with U0126, an ERK1/2 signaling inhibitor, attenuated autocrine production of IL-8 induced by Mxi1-0 overexpression. On the other hand, Mxi1-0 overexpression-induced IL-8 increased the level of phosphorylated ERK1/2 in HUVECs, and such increasing was diminished in cells incubated with CM, which neutralized with anti-IL-8 antibody. Taken together, our results suggest that Mxi1-0 regulates the growth of HUVECs via the IL-8 and ERK1/2 pathways, which apparently reciprocally activate each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiling Wu
- Children’s Health Center, The Second Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Zhenzhen Hu
- Clinical Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, The Second Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Feng Wang
- Children’s Health Center, The Second Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Hao Gu
- The Second Clinical School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R.China
| | - Xiuqin Jiang
- Clinical Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, The Second Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Jinjin Xu
- Clinical Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, The Second Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Xi Zhan
- Center for Vascular and inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Datong Zheng
- Children’s Health Center, The Second Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China
- Clinical Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, The Second Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China
- The Second Clinical School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R.China
- * E-mail:
| | - Zhengdong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R.China
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55
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Lewis CW, Jin Z, Macdonald D, Wei W, Qian XJ, Choi WS, He R, Sun X, Chan G. Prolonged mitotic arrest induced by Wee1 inhibition sensitizes breast cancer cells to paclitaxel. Oncotarget 2017; 8:73705-73722. [PMID: 29088738 PMCID: PMC5650293 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Wee1 kinase is a crucial negative regulator of Cdk1/cyclin B1 activity and is required for normal entry into and exit from mitosis. Wee1 activity can be chemically inhibited by the small molecule MK-1775, which is currently being tested in phase I/II clinical trials in combination with other anti-cancer drugs. MK-1775 promotes cancer cells to bypass the cell-cycle checkpoints and prematurely enter mitosis. In our study, we show premature mitotic cells that arise from MK-1775 treatment exhibited centromere fragmentation, a morphological feature of mitotic catastrophe that is characterized by centromeres and kinetochore proteins that co-cluster away from the condensed chromosomes. In addition to stimulating early mitotic entry, MK-1775 treatment also delayed mitotic exit. Specifically, cells treated with MK-1775 following release from G1/S or prometaphase arrested in mitosis. MK-1775 induced arrest occurred at metaphase and thus, cells required 12 times longer to transition into anaphase compared to controls. Consistent with an arrest in mitosis, MK-1775 treated prometaphase cells maintained high cyclin B1 and low phospho-tyrosine 15 Cdk1. Importantly, MK-1775 induced mitotic arrest resulted in cell death regardless the of cell-cycle phase prior to treatment suggesting that Wee1 inhibitors are also anti-mitotic agents. We found that paclitaxel enhances MK-1775 mediated cell killing. HeLa and different breast cancer cell lines (T-47D, MCF7, MDA-MB-468 and MDA-MB-231) treated with different concentrations of MK-1775 and low dose paclitaxel exhibited reduced cell survival compared to mono-treatments. Our data highlight a new potential strategy for enhancing MK-1775 mediated cell killing in breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody W Lewis
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 1Z2.,Experimental Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 1Z2.,Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2J7
| | - Zhigang Jin
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 1Z2.,Experimental Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 1Z2.,Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2J7
| | - Dawn Macdonald
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 1Z2.,Experimental Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 1Z2.,Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2J7
| | - Wenya Wei
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 1Z2
| | - Xu Jing Qian
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 1Z2
| | - Won Shik Choi
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 1Z2
| | - Ruicen He
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 1Z2
| | - Xuejun Sun
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 1Z2.,Experimental Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 1Z2.,Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2J7
| | - Gordon Chan
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 1Z2.,Experimental Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 1Z2.,Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2J7
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56
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Patient-derived solitary fibrous tumour xenografts predict high sensitivity to doxorubicin/dacarbazine combination confirmed in the clinic and highlight the potential effectiveness of trabectedin or eribulin against this tumour. Eur J Cancer 2017; 76:84-92. [PMID: 28284173 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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57
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Dozier C, Mazzolini L, Cénac C, Froment C, Burlet-Schiltz O, Besson A, Manenti S. CyclinD-CDK4/6 complexes phosphorylate CDC25A and regulate its stability. Oncogene 2017; 36:3781-3788. [PMID: 28192398 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The phosphatase CDC25A is a key regulator of cell cycle progression by dephosphorylating and activating cyclin-CDK complexes. CDC25A is an unstable protein expressed from G1 until mitosis. CDC25A overexpression, which can be caused by stabilization of the protein, accelerates the G1/S and G2/M transitions, leading to genomic instability and promoting tumorigenesis. Thus, controlling CDC25A protein levels by regulating its stability is a critical mechanism for timing cell cycle progression and to maintain genomic integrity. Herein, we show that CDC25A is phosphorylated on Ser40 throughout the cell cycle and that this phosphorylation is established during the progression from G1 to S phase. We demonstrate that CyclinD-CDK4/CDK6 complexes mediate the phosphorylation of CDC25A on Ser40 during G1 and that these complexes directly phosphorylate this residue in vitro. Importantly, we also find that CyclinD1-CDK4 decreases CDC25A stability in a ßTrCP-dependent manner and that Ser40 and Ser88 phosphorylations contribute to this regulation. Thus our results identify cyclinD-CDK4/6 complexes as novel regulators of CDC25A stability during G1 phase, generating a negative feedback loop allowing control of the G1/S transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Dozier
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, INSERM UMR1037/Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France.,Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, CNRS ERL5294, Toulouse, France
| | - L Mazzolini
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, INSERM UMR1037/Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France.,Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, CNRS ERL5294, Toulouse, France
| | - C Cénac
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, INSERM UMR1037/Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - C Froment
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, CNRS UMR5089, Université Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - O Burlet-Schiltz
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, CNRS UMR5089, Université Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - A Besson
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, INSERM UMR1037/Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - S Manenti
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, INSERM UMR1037/Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France.,Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, CNRS ERL5294, Toulouse, France
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58
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Mazzolini L, Broban A, Froment C, Burlet-Schiltz O, Besson A, Manenti S, Dozier C. Phosphorylation of CDC25A on SER283 in late S/G2 by CDK/cyclin complexes accelerates mitotic entry. Cell Cycle 2016; 15:2742-52. [PMID: 27580187 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2016.1220455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The Cdc25A phosphatase is an essential activator of CDK-cyclin complexes at all steps of the eukaryotic cell cycle. The activity of Cdc25A is itself regulated in part by positive and negative feedback regulatory loops performed by its CDK-cyclin substrates that occur in G1 as well as during the G1/S and G2/M transitions. However, the regulation of Cdc25A during G2 phase progression before mitotic entry has not been intensively characterized. Here, we identify by mass spectrometry analysis a new phosphorylation event of Cdc25A on Serine283. Phospho-specific antibodies revealed that the phosphorylation of this residue appears in late S/G2 phase of an unperturbed cell cycle and is performed by CDK-cyclin complexes. Overexpression studies of wild-type and non-phosphorylatable mutant forms of Cdc25A indicated that Ser283 phosphorylation increases the G2/M-promoting activity of the phosphatase without impacting its stability or subcellular localization. Our results therefore identify a new positive regulatory loop between Cdc25A and its CDK-cyclin substrates which contributes to accelerate entry into mitosis through the regulation of Cdc25A activity in G2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Mazzolini
- a Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse, INSERM UMR1037, CNRS ERL5294 , Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier , Toulouse , France.,b Equipe labellisée LIGUE contre le Cancer , CNRS ERL5294 , Toulouse , France
| | - Anaïs Broban
- a Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse, INSERM UMR1037, CNRS ERL5294 , Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier , Toulouse , France
| | - Carine Froment
- c Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale , Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier Toulouse , CNRS UMR5089 , Toulouse , France
| | - Odile Burlet-Schiltz
- c Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale , Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier Toulouse , CNRS UMR5089 , Toulouse , France
| | - Arnaud Besson
- a Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse, INSERM UMR1037, CNRS ERL5294 , Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier , Toulouse , France.,b Equipe labellisée LIGUE contre le Cancer , CNRS ERL5294 , Toulouse , France
| | - Stéphane Manenti
- a Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse, INSERM UMR1037, CNRS ERL5294 , Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier , Toulouse , France.,b Equipe labellisée LIGUE contre le Cancer , CNRS ERL5294 , Toulouse , France
| | - Christine Dozier
- a Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse, INSERM UMR1037, CNRS ERL5294 , Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier , Toulouse , France.,b Equipe labellisée LIGUE contre le Cancer , CNRS ERL5294 , Toulouse , France
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59
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Lin CF, Yang JS, Lin C, Tsai FJ, Lu CC, Lee MR. CCY-1a-E2 induces G2/M phase arrest and apoptotic cell death in HL-60 leukemia cells through cyclin-dependent kinase 1 signaling and the mitochondria-dependent caspase pathway. Oncol Rep 2016; 36:1633-9. [PMID: 27461132 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous study demonstrated that 2-[(3-methoxybenzyl)oxy]benzaldehyde (CCY-1a-E2) is a potent compound that acts against multiple human leukemia cell lines. CCY-1a-E2 was also shown to have efficacious anti‑leukemic activity in vivo. However, the molecular mechanism of action of CCY‑1a‑E2 attributed to its anticancer effect remains poorly understood. In the present study, CCY‑1a‑E2 suppressed cell viability in multiple leukemia cell lines (HL‑60, K562, KG‑1 and KG‑1a) via inhibition of cell proliferation, cell cycle arrest and induction of apoptosis. CCY‑1a‑E2 exhibited a marked toxic effect on HL‑60 cells and displayed low cytotoxicity in normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Results from flow cytometric analysis indicated that CCY‑1a‑E2 promoted G2/M phase arrest and promoted apoptosis in the HL‑60 cells. CCY‑1a‑E2 treatment upregulated cyclin B, cyclin‑dependent kinase 1 (CDK1), cell division cycle 25C (cdc25C) and p21 protein expression. CCY‑1a‑E2 caused apoptotic cell death and DNA fragmentation as determined by 4',6‑diamidino‑2‑phenylindole (DAPI) staining and DNA gel electrophoresis. Elevated activities of caspase‑8, ‑9 and ‑3 were observed during CCY‑1a‑E2‑induced cell apoptosis; their specific inhibitors were found to block CCY‑1a‑E2‑induced apoptosis, respectively. Moreover, CCY‑1a‑E2 time‑dependently disrupted the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), and it enhanced the protein levels of Fas/CD95, cytochrome c, Bax, cleaved PARP, as well as attenuated Bcl‑2 expression in the HL‑60 cells. Our results provide direct evidence that supports the future potential therapeutic application of CCY-1a-E2 in leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Fen Lin
- Department of Biochemistry, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jai-Sing Yang
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chingju Lin
- Department of Physiology, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Fuu-Jen Tsai
- Human Genetic Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chi-Cheng Lu
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Miau-Rong Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan, R.O.C
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60
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Ko CI, Fan Y, de Gannes M, Wang Q, Xia Y, Puga A. Repression of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Is Required to Maintain Mitotic Progression and Prevent Loss of Pluripotency of Embryonic Stem Cells. Stem Cells 2016; 34:2825-2839. [DOI: 10.1002/stem.2456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chia-I Ko
- Department of Environmental Health and Center for Environmental Genetics; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine; Cincinnati Ohio USA
| | - Yunxia Fan
- Department of Environmental Health and Center for Environmental Genetics; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine; Cincinnati Ohio USA
| | - Matthew de Gannes
- Department of Environmental Health and Center for Environmental Genetics; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine; Cincinnati Ohio USA
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of Environmental Health and Center for Environmental Genetics; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine; Cincinnati Ohio USA
| | - Ying Xia
- Department of Environmental Health and Center for Environmental Genetics; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine; Cincinnati Ohio USA
| | - Alvaro Puga
- Department of Environmental Health and Center for Environmental Genetics; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine; Cincinnati Ohio USA
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61
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High Expression of PTGR1 Promotes NSCLC Cell Growth via Positive Regulation of Cyclin-Dependent Protein Kinase Complex. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:5230642. [PMID: 27429979 PMCID: PMC4939212 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5230642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer has been the most common cancer and the main cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide for several decades. PTGR1 (prostaglandin reductase 1), as a bifunctional enzyme, has been involved in the occurrence and progression of cancer. However, its impact on human lung cancer is rarely reported. In this study, we found that PTGR1 was overexpressed in lung cancer based on the analyses of Oncomine. Moreover, lentivirus-mediated shRNA knockdown of PTGR1 reduced cell viability in human lung carcinoma cells 95D and A549 by MTT and colony formation assay. PTGR1 depletion led to G2/M phase cell cycle arrest and increased the proportion of apoptotic cells in 95D cells by flow cytometry. Furthermore, silencing PTGR1 in 95D cells resulted in decreased levels of cyclin-dependent protein kinase complex (CDK1, CDK2, cyclin A2, and cyclin B1) by western blotting and then PTGR1 is positively correlated with cyclin-dependent protein by using the data mining of the Oncomine database. Therefore, our findings suggest that PTGR1 may play a role in lung carcinogenesis through regulating cell proliferation and is a potential new therapeutic strategy for lung cancer.
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Bednarek K, Kiwerska K, Szaumkessel M, Bodnar M, Kostrzewska-Poczekaj M, Marszalek A, Janiszewska J, Bartochowska A, Jackowska J, Wierzbicka M, Grenman R, Szyfter K, Giefing M, Jarmuz-Szymczak M. Recurrent CDK1 overexpression in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:11115-26. [PMID: 26912061 PMCID: PMC4999469 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-4991-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we analyzed the expression profile of four genes (CCNA2, CCNB1, CCNB2, and CDK1) in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) cell lines and tumor samples. With the application of microarray platform, we have shown the overexpression of these genes in all analyzed LSCC samples in comparison to non-cancer controls from head and neck region. We have selected CDK1 for further analysis, due to its leading role in cell cycle regulation. It is a member of the Ser/Thr protein kinase family of proven oncogenic properties. The results obtained for CDK1 were further confirmed with the application of reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) technique, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry (IHC). The observed upregulation of CDK1 in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma has encouraged us to analyze for genetic mechanisms that can be responsible this phenomenon. Therefore, with the application of array-CGH, sequencing analysis and two methods for epigenetic regulation analysis (DNA methylation and miRNA expression), we tried to identify such potential mechanisms. Our attempts to identify the molecular mechanisms responsible for observed changes failed as we did not observe significant alterations neither in the DNA sequence nor in the gene copy number that could underline CDK1 upregulation. Similarly, the pyrosequencing and miRNA expression analyses did not reveal any differences in methylation level and miRNA expression, respectively; thus, these mechanisms probably do not contribute to elevation of CDK1 expression in LSCC. However, our results suggest that alteration of CDK1 expression on both mRNA and protein level probably appears on the very early step of carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Bednarek
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute of Human Genetics, PAS, Poznan, Poland
| | - K Kiwerska
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute of Human Genetics, PAS, Poznan, Poland
| | - M Szaumkessel
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute of Human Genetics, PAS, Poznan, Poland
| | - M Bodnar
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | | | - A Marszalek
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland.,Department of Oncologic Pathology, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, Poland
| | - J Janiszewska
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute of Human Genetics, PAS, Poznan, Poland
| | - A Bartochowska
- Department of Otolaryngology and Laryngological Oncology, University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - J Jackowska
- Department of Otolaryngology and Laryngological Oncology, University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - M Wierzbicka
- Department of Otolaryngology and Laryngological Oncology, University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - R Grenman
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and Department of Medical Biochemistry, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - K Szyfter
- Department of Audiology and Phoniatry, University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - M Giefing
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute of Human Genetics, PAS, Poznan, Poland.,Department of Otolaryngology and Laryngological Oncology, University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - M Jarmuz-Szymczak
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute of Human Genetics, PAS, Poznan, Poland. .,Department of Hematology, University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
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Costa-Cabral S, Brough R, Konde A, Aarts M, Campbell J, Marinari E, Riffell J, Bardelli A, Torrance C, Lord CJ, Ashworth A. CDK1 Is a Synthetic Lethal Target for KRAS Mutant Tumours. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149099. [PMID: 26881434 PMCID: PMC4755568 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Activating KRAS mutations are found in approximately 20% of human cancers but no RAS-directed therapies are currently available. Here we describe a novel, robust, KRAS synthetic lethal interaction with the cyclin dependent kinase, CDK1. This was discovered using parallel siRNA screens in KRAS mutant and wild type colorectal isogenic tumour cells and subsequently validated in a genetically diverse panel of 26 colorectal and pancreatic tumour cell models. This established that the KRAS/CDK1 synthetic lethality applies in tumour cells with either amino acid position 12 (p.G12V, pG12D, p.G12S) or amino acid position 13 (p.G13D) KRAS mutations and can also be replicated in vivo in a xenograft model using a small molecule CDK1 inhibitor. Mechanistically, CDK1 inhibition caused a reduction in the S-phase fraction of KRAS mutant cells, an effect also characterised by modulation of Rb, a master control of the G1/S checkpoint. Taken together, these observations suggest that the KRAS/CDK1 interaction is a robust synthetic lethal effect worthy of further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Costa-Cabral
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, United Kingdom
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Brough
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, United Kingdom
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, United Kingdom
| | - Asha Konde
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, United Kingdom
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, United Kingdom
| | - Marieke Aarts
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, United Kingdom
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, United Kingdom
| | - James Campbell
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, United Kingdom
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, United Kingdom
| | - Eliana Marinari
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, United Kingdom
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, United Kingdom
| | - Jenna Riffell
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, United Kingdom
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, United Kingdom
| | - Alberto Bardelli
- IFOM—FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139, Milan, Italy
| | - Christopher Torrance
- Horizon Discovery, 7100 Cambridge Research Park, Waterbeach, Cambridge, CB25 9TL, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher J. Lord
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, United Kingdom
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, United Kingdom
| | - Alan Ashworth
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, United Kingdom
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, United Kingdom
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N-[4-(4,6-Dimethyl-2-pyrimidinyloxy)-3-methylphenyl]-N'-[2-(dimethylamino)] benzoylurea induces cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis in human cancer cells. Anticancer Drugs 2015; 26:620-31. [PMID: 25756738 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
N-[4-(4,6-Dimethyl-2-pyrimidinyloxy)-3-methylphenyl]-N'-[2-(dimethylamino)]benzoylurea (SUD) is a novel synthesized benzoylurea derivative. We selected several human cancer cell lines to investigate whether SUD can inhibit the growth of cancer cells. We selected the liver cell line L-02 to investigate the effect of SUD on the normal cells. Flow cytometric analysis was used to detect the effect of SUD on cell cycle, Hoechst 33258 staining was used to evaluate the apoptosis induced by SUD, real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to investigate the expression of the cell cycle-relevant and apoptosis-relevant genes, a reactive oxygen species (ROS) assay was used to observe the production of ROS, and western blotting was used to determine the level of cell cycle-relevant and apoptosis-relevant proteins. According to the results of the MTT assay, the growth of human cancer cell lines was significantly inhibited by SUD treatment in a time-dependent and concentration-dependent manner; however, the growth of human normal cells was not significantly inhibited by SUD treatment. The results of flow cytometric analyses showed that SUD induced cell-cycle arrest at the G2-phase in MCF-7 cells and at the G1-phase in BGC-823 cells. The results of Hoechst 33258 staining showed that SUD induced apoptosis in MCF-7 and BGC-823 cells. The results of the ROS assay showed that the production of ROS was increased by SUD in MCF-7 and BGC-823 cells. Our research suggests that the growth-inhibitory effect of SUD on MCF-7 cells was related to G2-phase arrest, which was associated with the upregulated expression of p53 and Chk1 proteins, and downregulation of the cyclin B1 gene, cdc25a, and cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) proteins; the growth-inhibitory effect of SUD on BGC-823 cells was related to G1-phase arrest, which was associated with upregulation of the p53 gene and Chk1 protein and downregulation of cdc25a protein and the CDK4 gene. SUD also induced apoptosis in MCF-7 and BGC-823 cell lines through the mitochondrial pathway in a p53-dependent manner.
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65
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Ding W, Hu Z, Zhang Z, Ma Q, Tang H, Ma Z. Physapubescin B Exhibits Potent Activity against Human Prostate Cancer In Vitro and In Vivo. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:9504-9512. [PMID: 26415552 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b03045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The present data showed that a natural compound isolated from the plant Physalis pubescens L. (Solanaceae), physapubescin B, exhibited antitumor activity against prostate cancer in vitro and in vivo. Treating prostate cancer cells with physapubescin B resulted in the accumulation of cells in the G2/M phase, which was associated with reduced Cdc25C levels and increased levels of CyclinB1, P21 as well as p-Cdk1 (Tyr15). Additionally, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was increased in physapubescin B-treated PC-3 cells. Furthermore, the physapubescin B-induced decrease of Cdc25C protein expression together with the G2/M phase cell cycle arrest were significantly abrogated by antioxidant NAC and GSH. Our data also demonstrated that physapubescin B exhibited strong in vivo antitumor efficacy in human prostate cancer PC3 xenograft. In conclusion, our results provide clear evidence that physapubescin B exhibits antitumor activity both in vitro and in vivo and deserves further development as an anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanjing Ding
- Institute of Marine Biology, Ocean College of Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Zhijuan Hu
- Institute of Marine Biology, Ocean College of Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Zhewen Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Qiaoqiao Ma
- Institute of Marine Biology, Ocean College of Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Huifang Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Zhongjun Ma
- Institute of Marine Biology, Ocean College of Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
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66
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NSun2 Promotes Cell Growth via Elevating Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 1 Translation. Mol Cell Biol 2015; 35:4043-52. [PMID: 26391950 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00742-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The tRNA methytransferase NSun2 promotes cell proliferation, but the molecular mechanism has not been elucidated. Here, we report that NSun2 regulates cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) expression in a cell cycle-dependent manner. Knockdown of NSun2 decreased the CDK1 protein level, while overexpression of NSun2 elevated it without altering CDK1 mRNA levels. Further studies revealed that NSun2 methylated CDK1 mRNA in vitro and in cells and that methylation by NSun2 enhanced CDK1 translation. Importantly, NSun2-mediated regulation of CDK1 expression had an impact on the cell division cycle. These results provide new insight into the regulation of CDK1 during the cell division cycle.
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67
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Tang Y, Yan G, Song X, Wu K, Li Z, Yang C, Deng T, Sun Y, Hu X, Yang C, Bai H, Li H, Tan W, Ye M, Liu J. STIP overexpression confers oncogenic potential to human non-small cell lung cancer cells by regulating cell cycle and apoptosis. J Cell Mol Med 2015; 19:2806-17. [PMID: 26354852 PMCID: PMC4687698 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Sip1/tuftelin‐interacting protein (STIP), a multidomain nuclear protein, is a novel factor associated with the spliceosome, yet its role and molecular function in cancer remain unknown. In this study, we show, for the first time, that STIP is overexpressed in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tissues compared to adjacent normal lung tissues. The depletion of endogenous STIP inhibited NSCLC cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo, caused cell cycle arrest and induced apoptosis. Cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase was associated with the expression and activity of the cyclin B1‐CDK1 (cyclin‐dependent kinase 1) complex. We also provide evidence that STIP knockdown induced apoptosis by activating both caspase‐9 and caspase‐3 and by altering the Bcl‐2/Bax expression ratio. RNA sequencing data indicated that the MAPK mitogen‐activated protein kinases, Wnt, PI3K/AKT, and NF‐κB (nuclear factor kappa‐light‐chain‐enhancer of activated B cells) signalling pathways might be involved in STIP‐mediated tumour regulation. Collectively, these results suggest that STIP may be a novel potential diagnostic and therapeutic target for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yani Tang
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Engineering for Theranostics, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Guobei Yan
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Engineering for Theranostics, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xin Song
- Cancer Biotherapy Center, Tumour Hospital of Yunnan Province Affiliated with Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Kuangpei Wu
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Engineering for Theranostics, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Cancer Biotherapy Center, Tumour Hospital of Yunnan Province Affiliated with Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Engineering for Theranostics, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Tanggang Deng
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Engineering for Theranostics, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yang Sun
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Engineering for Theranostics, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Hu
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Engineering for Theranostics, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Cai Yang
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Engineering for Theranostics, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Huarong Bai
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Engineering for Theranostics, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hui Li
- School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Weihong Tan
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Engineering for Theranostics, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Mao Ye
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Engineering for Theranostics, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jing Liu
- School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Xu K, Harrison RE. Down-regulation of Stathmin Is Required for the Phenotypic Changes and Classical Activation of Macrophages. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:19245-60. [PMID: 26082487 PMCID: PMC4521045 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.639625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are important cells of innate immunity with specialized capacity for recognition and elimination of pathogens and presentation of antigens to lymphocytes for adaptive immunity. Macrophages become activated upon exposure to pro-inflammatory cytokines and pathogenic stimuli. Classical activation of macrophages with interferon-γ (IFNγ) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) triggers a wide range of signaling events and morphological changes to induce the immune response. Our previous microtubule (MT) proteomic work revealed that the stathmin association with MTs is considerably reduced in activated macrophages, which contain significantly more stabilized MTs. Here, we show that there is a global decrease in stathmin levels, an MT catastrophe protein, in activated macrophages using both immunoblotting and immunofluorescent microscopy. This is an LPS-specific response that induces proteasome-mediated degradation of stathmin. We explored the functions of stathmin down-regulation in activated macrophages by generating a stable cell line overexpressing stathmin-GFP. We show that stathmin-GFP overexpression impacts MT stability, impairs cell spreading, and reduces activation-associated phenotypes. Furthermore, overexpressing stathmin reduces complement receptor 3-mediated phagocytosis and cellular activation, implicating a pivotal inhibitory role for stathmin in classically activated macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kewei Xu
- From the Departments of Cell and Systems Biology and Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Rene E Harrison
- From the Departments of Cell and Systems Biology and Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario M1C 1A4, Canada
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Ito Y, Narita N, Nomi N, Sugimoto C, Takabayashi T, Yamada T, Karaya K, Matsumoto H, Fujieda S. Suppression of Poly(rC)-Binding Protein 4 (PCBP4) reduced cisplatin resistance in human maxillary cancer cells. Sci Rep 2015. [PMID: 26196957 PMCID: PMC4508830 DOI: 10.1038/srep12360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin plays an important role in the therapy for human head and neck cancers. However, cancer cells develop cisplatin resistance, leading to difficulty in treatment and poor prognosis. To analyze cisplatin-resistant mechanisms, a cisplatin-resistant cell line, IMC-3CR, was established from the IMC-3 human maxillary cancer cell line. Flow cytometry revealed that, compared with IMC-3 cells, cisplatin more dominantly induced cell cycle G2/M arrest rather than apoptosis in IMC-3CR cells. That fact suggests that IMC-3CR cells avoid cisplatin-induced apoptosis through induction of G2/M arrest, which allows cancer cells to repair damaged DNA and survive. In the present study, we specifically examined Poly(rC)-Binding Protein 4 (PCBP4), which reportedly induces G2/M arrest. Results showed that suppression of PCBP4 by RNAi reduced cisplatin-induced G2/M arrest and enhanced apoptosis in IMC-3CR cells, resulting in the reduction of cisplatin resistance. In contrast, overexpression of PCBP4 in IMC-3 cells induced G2/M arrest after cisplatin treatment and enhanced cisplatin resistance. We revealed that PCBP4 combined with Cdc25A and suppressed the expression of Cdc25A, resulting in G2/M arrest. PCBP4 plays important roles in the induction of cisplatin resistance in human maxillary cancers. PCBP4 is a novel molecular target for the therapy of head and neck cancers, especially cisplatin-resistant cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Ito
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, 23 Shimoaizuki, Matsuoka, Eiheiji, Fukui, 910-1193, Japan
| | - Norihiko Narita
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, 23 Shimoaizuki, Matsuoka, Eiheiji, Fukui, 910-1193, Japan
| | - Nozomi Nomi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Oita
| | - Chizuru Sugimoto
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, 23 Shimoaizuki, Matsuoka, Eiheiji, Fukui, 910-1193, Japan
| | - Tetsuji Takabayashi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, 23 Shimoaizuki, Matsuoka, Eiheiji, Fukui, 910-1193, Japan
| | - Takechiyo Yamada
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, 23 Shimoaizuki, Matsuoka, Eiheiji, Fukui, 910-1193, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Karaya
- Division of Bioresearch, Life Science Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, 23 Shimoaizuki, Matsuoka, Eiheiji, Fukui, 910-1193, Japan
| | - Hideki Matsumoto
- Division of Oncology, Biomedical Imaging Research Center, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, 23 Shimoaizuki, Matsuoka, Eiheiji, Fukui, 910-1193, Japan
| | - Shigeharu Fujieda
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, 23 Shimoaizuki, Matsuoka, Eiheiji, Fukui, 910-1193, Japan
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70
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Etzkorn FA, Zhao S. Stereospecific phosphorylation by the central mitotic kinase Cdk1-cyclin B. ACS Chem Biol 2015; 10:952-6. [PMID: 25603287 DOI: 10.1021/cb500815b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The cis vs trans conformation, or shape, of phosphoserine-proline (pSer-Pro), a prevalent motif in cell cycle proteins, may play a significant role in regulating mitosis. We demonstrate that Cdk1-cyclin B, the central mitotic kinase, is specific for the trans conformation, not cis, of synthetic, locked Ser-Pro 11-residue peptide substrates, using LC-MSMS detection and sequencing of phosphorylated products. This substrate stereospecificity may contribute an additional level of mitotic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicia A. Etzkorn
- Virginia Tech, Department
of Chemistry, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Song Zhao
- Virginia Tech, Department
of Chemistry, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
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71
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Premkumar KV, Chaube SK. Nitric oxide signals postovulatory aging-induced abortive spontaneous egg activation in rats. Redox Rep 2015; 20:184-92. [PMID: 25780809 DOI: 10.1179/1351000215y.0000000003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine whether an increase of intracellular nitric oxide (NO) level signals postovulatory aging-induced abortive spontaneous egg activation (SEA) in rats. METHODS Freshly ovulated eggs (arrested at metaphase-II stage; M-II) were cultured in vitro for 3 hours to induce postovulatory egg aging. The morphological changes, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, NO, cytosolic free Ca(2+), 3',5' cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), cell division cycle 25B (Cdc25B) and Wee1 levels, specific phosphorylation (pThr-14/Tyr-15) as well as total cyclin-dependent kinases-1 (Cdk1) (PSTAIRE) levels were analyzed. RESULTS Postovulatory aging induced generation of NO possibly through an iNOS-mediated pathway. The increase in NO level was associated with augmented cytosolic free Ca(2+) as well as cGMP levels in aged eggs. A significant increase in Wee1 level and decrease of Cdc25B level were observed in aged eggs. An accumulation of phosphorylated Cdk1 (pThr-14/Tyr-15) level was observed in aged eggs, while total Cdk1 (PSTAIR) level remained unchanged. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates that generation of NO through an iNOS-mediated pathway increases cytosolic free Ca2+and cGMP levels. High levels of these signal molecules trigger the accumulation of phosphorylated Cdk1 in aged eggs. Thus, NO signals the accumulation of phosphorylated Cdk1 and induces postovulatory aging-induced abortive SEA in the rat.
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72
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Hsieh WL, Huang YH, Wang TM, Ming YC, Tsai CN, Pang JHS. IFI27, a novel epidermal growth factor-stabilized protein, is functionally involved in proliferation and cell cycling of human epidermal keratinocytes. Cell Prolif 2015; 48:187-97. [PMID: 25664647 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES IFI27 is highly expressed in psoriatic lesions but its function has not been known. The present study aimed to explore its role in proliferation of epidermal keratinocytes. MATERIALS AND METHODS IFI27 knockdown and over-expression in keratinocytes were used to compare their proliferation, by MTT assay, apoptosis (by annexin V binding) and cell cycle progression by flow cytometry. Formation of cyclin A/CDK1 complex was examined by a co-immunoprecipitaion method. Anti-proliferation effects of IFI27 were also examined in vivo by topical application of IFI27 siRNA on imiquimod-induced psoriatic lesions, in a mouse model. RESULTS Epidermal growth factor was demonstrated to increase IFI27 expression by prolonging half-life of IFI27 protein. The IFI27 knockdown in keratinocytes reduced the proliferation rate, but had no effect on apoptosis nor on apoptosis-related genes. Interestingly, IFI27 knockdown resulted in S-phase arrest that was found to be associated with increased Tyr15 phosphorylation of CDK1, reduced CDC25B and reduced formation of cyclin A/CDK1 complex. In addition, IFI27 knockdown was also shown to activate p53 by Ser15 phosphorylation and increase p21 expression. Topical application of IFI27 siRNA on imiquimod-induced psoriatic lesion in a mouse model reduced epidermal thickness, formation of rete ridges and PCNA expression. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates for the first time, that cell function of IFI27 is involved in proliferation of skin keratinocytes both in vitro and in vivo. It suggests that IFI27 might be a suitable target for development of a novel anti-psoriasis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- W-L Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan City, 33302, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan City, 33302, Taiwan
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73
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Latham AM, Kankanala J, Fearnley GW, Gage MC, Kearney MT, Homer-Vanniasinkam S, Wheatcroft SB, Fishwick CWG, Ponnambalam S. In silico design and biological evaluation of a dual specificity kinase inhibitor targeting cell cycle progression and angiogenesis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110997. [PMID: 25393739 PMCID: PMC4230991 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protein kinases play a central role in tumor progression, regulating fundamental processes such as angiogenesis, proliferation and metastasis. Such enzymes are an increasingly important class of drug target with small molecule kinase inhibitors being a major focus in drug development. However, balancing drug specificity and efficacy is problematic with off-target effects and toxicity issues. METHODOLOGY We have utilized a rational in silico-based approach to demonstrate the design and study of a novel compound that acts as a dual inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) and cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1). This compound acts by simultaneously inhibiting pro-angiogenic signal transduction and cell cycle progression in primary endothelial cells. JK-31 displays potent in vitro activity against recombinant VEGFR2 and CDK1/cyclin B proteins comparable to previously characterized inhibitors. Dual inhibition of the vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A)-mediated signaling response and CDK1-mediated mitotic entry elicits anti-angiogenic activity both in an endothelial-fibroblast co-culture model and a murine ex vivo model of angiogenesis. CONCLUSIONS We deduce that JK-31 reduces the growth of both human endothelial cells and human breast cancer cells in vitro. This novel synthetic molecule has broad implications for development of similar multi-kinase inhibitors with anti-angiogenic and anti-cancer properties. In silico design is an attractive and innovative method to aid such drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antony M. Latham
- Endothelial Cell Biology Unit, School of Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | | | - Gareth W. Fearnley
- Endothelial Cell Biology Unit, School of Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew C. Gage
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Mark T. Kearney
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Shervanthi Homer-Vanniasinkam
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen B. Wheatcroft
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | | | - Sreenivasan Ponnambalam
- Endothelial Cell Biology Unit, School of Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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74
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Agius E, Bel-Vialar S, Bonnet F, Pituello F. Cell cycle and cell fate in the developing nervous system: the role of CDC25B phosphatase. Cell Tissue Res 2014; 359:201-13. [PMID: 25260908 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-014-1998-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Deciphering the core machinery of the cell cycle and cell division has been primarily the focus of cell biologists, while developmental biologists have identified the signaling pathways and transcriptional programs controlling cell fate choices. As a result, until recently, the interplay between these two fundamental aspects of biology have remained largely unexplored. Increasing data show that the cell cycle and regulators of the core cell cycle machinery are important players in cell fate decisions during neurogenesis. Here, we summarize recent data describing how cell cycle dynamics affect the switch between proliferation and differentiation, with an emphasis on the roles played by the cell cycle regulators, the CDC25 phosphatases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Agius
- Université Toulouse 3; Centre de Biologie du Développement (CBD), 118 route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse, France
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75
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Pandey AN, Chaube SK. Reduction of nitric oxide level leads to spontaneous resumption of meiosis in diplotene-arrested rat oocytes cultured in vitro. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2014; 240:15-25. [PMID: 25092827 DOI: 10.1177/1535370214545024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was aimed to investigate whether a decrease of nitric oxide (NO) level is beneficial for sponateous resumptiom of meiosis in diplotene-arrested oocytes cultured in vitro. For this purpose, diplotene-arrested oocytes were collected from ovary of immature female rats after a single subcutaneous injection of 20 IU pregnant mare's serum gonadotropins (PMSG) for 48 h. In vitro effects of S-nitroso-l-acetyl penicillamine (SNAP; an NO donor) and aminoguanidine (AG; an inducible NOS [iNOS] inhibitor), intracellular NO, cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), Cdc25B, Thr-14/Tyr-15 and Thr-161 phosphorylated cyclin-dependent kinase-1 (CDK1), and cyclin B1 levels were analyzed. The SNAP inhibited spontaneous meiotic resumption form diplotene arrest in a concentration-dependent manner, while AG-induced meiotic resumption form diplotene in 0.1 mmol/L 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX)-treated oocytes in a concentration-dependent manner. The intracellular NO as well as cGMP levels were decreased significantly during spontaneous meiotic resumption from diplotene arrest. The reduction of Cdc25B expression level was associated with the accumulation of Thr-14/Tyr-15 phosphorylated CDK1 level. However, Thr-161 phosphorylated CDK1 as well as cyclin B1 levels were reduced significantly during meiotic resumption from diplotene arrest. Taken together, these data suggest that the inhibition of iNOS expression leads to a decrease of NO and cGMP levels thereby decreasing Cdc25B level. The reduced CDC25 B level leads to accumulation of Thr-14/Tyr-15 phosphorylated CDK1 level. As a result, Thr-161 phosphorylated CDK1 as well as cyclin B1 levels are decreased leading to maturation-promoting factor (MPF) inactivation. The inactive MPF finally induced meiotic resumption from diplotene stage in rat oocytes cultured in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh N Pandey
- Cell Physiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Shail K Chaube
- Cell Physiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
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76
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Vassilopoulos A, Tominaga Y, Kim HS, Lahusen T, Li B, Yu H, Gius D, Deng CX. WEE1 murine deficiency induces hyper-activation of APC/C and results in genomic instability and carcinogenesis. Oncogene 2014; 34:3023-35. [PMID: 25088202 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2013] [Revised: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The tyrosine kinase WEE1 controls the timing of entry into mitosis in eukaryotes and its genetic deletion leads to pre-implantation lethality in mice. Here, we show that besides the premature mitotic entry phenotype, Wee1 mutant murine cells fail to complete mitosis properly and exhibit several additional defects that contribute to the deregulation of mitosis, allowing mutant cells to progress through mitosis at the expense of genomic integrity. WEE1 interacts with the anaphase promoting complex, functioning as a negative regulator, and the deletion of Wee1 results in hyper-activation of this complex. Mammary specific knockout mice overcome the DNA damage response pathway triggered by the mis-coordination of the cell cycle in mammary epithelial cells and heterozygote mice spontaneously develop mammary tumors. Thus, WEE1 functions as a haploinsufficient tumor suppressor that coordinates distinct cell division events to allow correct segregation of genetic information into daughter cells and maintain genome integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Vassilopoulos
- 1] Genetics of Development and Disease Branch, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA [2] Department of Radiation Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Y Tominaga
- Genetics of Development and Disease Branch, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - H-Seok Kim
- 1] Genetics of Development and Disease Branch, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA [2] Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - T Lahusen
- Genetics of Development and Disease Branch, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - B Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - H Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - D Gius
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - C-X Deng
- Genetics of Development and Disease Branch, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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77
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Zhang Z, Zhang G, Kong C. High expression of Cdc25B and low expression of 14-3-3σ is associated with the development and poor prognosis in urothelial carcinoma of bladder. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:2503-12. [PMID: 24234332 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-1331-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cdc25 dual-specicity phosphatases are essential regulators at critical stages of cell cycle. Cdc25B is overexpressed in several human tumor types. The activity of Cdc25B is regulated by 14-3-3 dimer. To investigate the roles of Cdc25B and 14-3-3σ in bladder carcinoma, we examined expressions of Cdc25B and 14-3-3σ proteins in bladder carcinoma and cell lines and analyzed their roles in the development and prognosis of urinary bladder carcinoma. Immunohistochmistry was used to detect the expressions of Cdc25B and 14-3-3σ in 105 bladder carcinomas. Moreover, expressions of Cdc25B and 14-3-3σ were analyzed by real-time PCR and Western blot in 40 bladder carcinomas and 20 normal epithelial tissues. Specific siRNA was used to knockdown the expression of Cdc25B or 14-3-3σ. Wild-type plasmid was used to overexpress 14-3-3σ. MTT assay and Flow cytometry were used to examine proliferation and cell cycle of bladder cancer cells. There were higher Cdc25B expression and lower 14-3-3σ expression in carcinomas than in the adjacent normal tissues (P < 0.05), positive and negative correlations being noted with clinical stage and histopathologic grade. Cdc25B expression was positively correlated with recurrence and poor prognosis. Downregulation of Cdc25B resulted in slower growth, more G2/M cells and 14-3-3σ increasing. However, upregulation and downregulation of 14-3-3σ did not affect cell growth and Cdc25B expression. It showed that Cdc25B upregulation and 14-3-3σ downregulation might promote development of bladder cancer and suggested a poor prognosis. Moreover, Cdc25B could play an important role on the bladder cancer cell proliferation and cell cycle progression and regulate expression of 14-3-3σ.
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78
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Chen WQ, Xu B, Mao JW, Wei FX, Li M, Liu T, Jin XB, Zhang LR. Inhibitory Effects of α-Pinene on Hepatoma Carcinoma Cell Proliferation. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 15:3293-7. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.7.3293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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79
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Yu Y, Wang XY, Sun L, Wang YL, Wan YF, Li XQ, Feng YM. Inhibition of KIF22 suppresses cancer cell proliferation by delaying mitotic exit through upregulating CDC25C expression. Carcinogenesis 2014; 35:1416-25. [PMID: 24626146 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgu065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
KIF22 is a microtubule-dependent molecular motor protein with DNA-binding capacity. It is well known that KIF22 plays a critical role in cell mitosis as a motor protein; however, the role of altered KIF22 expression and its transcriptional regulatory function in cancer development have not yet been defined. This study showed that KIF22 was overexpressed in human cancer tissues, and inhibition of KIF22 significantly led to accumulation of cells in the G2/M phases, resulting in suppression of cancer cell proliferation. The investigation of the molecular mechanisms demonstrated that cell division cycle 25C (CDC25C) is a direct transcriptional target of KIF22, and inhibition of KIF22 increased CDC25C expression and cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) activity, resulting in delayed mitotic exit. Phosphorylation of KIF22 was required for its transcriptional regulatory function and the reduction of CDK1 activity. Thus, we conclude that inhibition of KIF22 suppresses cancer cell proliferation by delaying mitotic exit through the transcriptional upregulation of CDC25C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and
| | - Xiao-Yan Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and
| | - Lei Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Yu-Li Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and
| | - Yan-Fang Wan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and
| | - Xiao-Qing Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Yu-Mei Feng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China.
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80
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Liu Z, Rader J, He S, Phung T, Thiele CJ. CASZ1 inhibits cell cycle progression in neuroblastoma by restoring pRb activity. Cell Cycle 2014; 12:2210-8. [PMID: 23892435 DOI: 10.4161/cc.25265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of cell cycle genes such as Cyclin D1 and Chk1 contributes to the undifferentiated phenotype of neuroblastoma (NB). CASZ1 functions as a tumor suppressor in NB; here we sought to determine how loss of CASZ1 contributes to cell cycle dysregulation in NB. CASZ1 restoration in NB cells delays NB cell cycle progression. The earliest changes occur within 8 h of CASZ1 restoration in SY5Y cells with a 2.8-fold increase in the level of p21, an inhibitor of Cdk2/4. By 16 h, there is a 40% decrease in the steady-state levels of Cdk6. Restoration of CASZ1 decreases Cdk2-dependent cyclins A and E protein levels and Cdk4/6-dependent Cyclin D1 protein levels. The restoration of CASZ1 resulted in a decrease in pRb phosphorylation and a significant reduction of E2F transcriptional activity. Subsequent to the changes in the G 1/S transition, induction of CASZ1 results in a decrease in Cyclin B levels and Cdc25c phosphatase levels, an upstream activator of the G 2/M regulator CyclinB:Cdk1. In addition, induction of CASZ1 results in a decrease in the levels of phospho-Chk1, a key M-phase regulatory kinase. Similar results were found in a NB cell line with MYCN amplification. Taken together, this study indicates that restoration of CASZ1 activates pRb in G 1 and inhibits the G 2/M regulators Cyclin B1 and Chk1, leading to a lengthening of NB cell cycle progression and a subsequent decrease in cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Liu
- Pediatric Oncology Branch; National Cancer Institute; Bethesda, MD, USA
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81
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Lee SK, Zhao MH, Kwon JW, Li YH, Lin ZL, Jin YX, Kim NH, Cui XS. The association of mitochondrial potential and copy number with pig oocyte maturation and developmental potential. J Reprod Dev 2014; 60:128-35. [PMID: 24492657 PMCID: PMC3999391 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2013-098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ATP is critical for oocyte maturation, fertilization, and subsequent embryo development.
Both mitochondrial membrane potential and copy number expand during oocyte maturation. In
order to differentiate the roles of mitochondrial metabolic activity and mtDNA copy number
during oocyte maturation, we used two inhibitors, FCCP (carbonyl cyanide
p-(tri-fluromethoxy)phenyl-hydrazone) and ddC (2’3-dideoxycytidine), to deplete the
mitochondrial membrane potential (Δφm) and mitochondrial copy number,
respectively. FCCP (2000 nM) reduced ATP production by affecting mitochondrial
Δφm, decreased the mRNA expression of Bmp15 (bone
morphogenetic protein 15), and shortened the poly(A) tails of Bmp15,
Gdf9 (growth differentiation factor 9), and Cyclin B1
transcripts. FCCP (200 and 2000 nM) also affected p34cdc2 kinase activity. By
contrast, ddC did not alter ATP production. Instead, ddC significantly decreased mtDNA
copy number (P < 0.05). FCCP (200 and 2000 nM) also decreased extrusion of the first
polar body, whereas ddC at all concentrations did not affect the ability of immature
oocytes to reach metaphase II. Both FCCP (200 and 2000 nM) and ddC (200 and 2000 µM)
reduced parthenogenetic blastocyst formation compared with untreated oocytes. However,
these inhibitors did not affect total cell number and apoptosis. These findings suggest
that mitochondrial metabolic activity is critical for oocyte maturation and that both
mitochondrial metabolic activity and replication contribute to the developmental
competence of porcine oocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seul-Ki Lee
- Department of Animal Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 361-763, South Korea
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82
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Lee KH, Tsutsui T, Honda K, Asano R, Kumagai I, Ohtake H, Omasa T. Generation of high-producing cell lines by overexpression of cell division cycle 25 homolog A in Chinese hamster ovary cells. J Biosci Bioeng 2013; 116:754-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2013.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Revised: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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83
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Aqil M, Deliu Z, Elseth KM, Shen G, Xue J, Radosevich JA. Part II-mechanism of adaptation: A549 cells adapt to high concentration of nitric oxide through bypass of cell cycle checkpoints. Tumour Biol 2013; 35:2417-25. [PMID: 24241959 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-1319-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous work has shown enhanced survival capacity in high nitric oxide (HNO)-adapted tumor cells. In Part I of this series of manuscripts, we have shown that A549-HNO cells demonstrate an improved growth profile under UV and X-ray radiation treatment. These cells exhibit increased expression of proteins involved in DNA damage recognition and repair pathway, both the non-homologous end joining pathway and homologous recombination. These include Ku80, DNA-PK, XLF ligase and MRN complex proteins. Further, the A549-HNO cells show high levels of ATM, ATR, Chk1 and Chk2, and phospho-p53. Activation of these molecules may lead to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis due to DNA damage. This is observed in parent A549 cells in response to NO donor treatment; however, the A549-HNO cells proliferate and inhibit apoptosis. Cell cycle analysis showed slowed progression through S phase which will allow time for DNA repair. Thus, to better understand the increased growth rate in A549-HNO when compared to the parent cell line A549, we studied molecular mechanisms involved in cell cycle regulation in A549-HNO cells. During the initial time period of NO donor treatment, we observe high levels of cyclin/Cdk complexes involved in regulating various stages of the cell cycle. This would lead to bypass of G1-S and G2-M checkpoints. The HNO cells also show much higher expression of Cdc25A. Cdc25A activates Cdk molecules involved in different phases of the cell cycle. In addition, there is enhanced phosphorylation of the Rb protein in HNO cells. This leads to inactivation of Rb/E2F checkpoint regulating G1-S transition. This may lead to faster progression in S phase. Thus, all of these perturbations in HNO cells lead to accelerated cell cycle progression and a higher growth rate. We also assessed expression of cell cycle inhibitors in HNO cells. Interestingly, the HNO cells show a significant decline in p21CIP1 at initial time points, but with prolonged exposure, the levels were much higher than those of the parent cells. This suggests an initial bypass of cell cycle checkpoints as p21CIP1 can inhibit the activity of all cyclin/Cdk complexes. p21CIP1 is also known to inhibit p53-induced apoptosis. This could be important during later phases of the cell cycle to allow time for repair of damaged DNA and thus better survival of HNO cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeeha Aqil
- Department of Oral Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 801 S. Paulina St., Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
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84
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Liu LY, Huang WJ, Lin RJ, Lin SY, Liang YC. N-Hydroxycinnamide Derivatives of Osthole Presenting Genotoxicity and Cytotoxicity against Human Colon Adenocarcinoma Cells in Vitro and in Vivo. Chem Res Toxicol 2013; 26:1683-91. [DOI: 10.1021/tx400271n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Yu Liu
- Graduate
Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- School
of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical
Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Jan Huang
- Graduate
Institute of Pharmacognosy Science, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ren-Jye Lin
- Department
of Primary Care Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department
of General Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shyr-Yi Lin
- Department
of Primary Care Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department
of General Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chih Liang
- School
of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical
Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Traditional
Herbal Medicine Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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85
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Warfel NA, Dolloff NG, Dicker DT, Malysz J, El-Deiry WS. CDK1 stabilizes HIF-1α via direct phosphorylation of Ser668 to promote tumor growth. Cell Cycle 2013; 12:3689-701. [PMID: 24189531 DOI: 10.4161/cc.26930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) is a major mediator of tumor physiology, and its activation is correlated with tumor progression, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance. HIF-1 is activated in a broad range of solid tumors due to intratumoral hypoxia or genetic alterations that enhance its expression or inhibit its degradation. As a result, decreasing HIF-1α expression represents an attractive strategy to sensitize hypoxic tumors to anticancer therapies. Here, we show that cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) regulates the expression of HIF-1α, independent of its known regulators. Overexpression of CDK1 and/or cyclin B1 is sufficient to stabilize HIF-1α under normoxic conditions, whereas inhibition of CDK1 enhances the proteasomal degradation of HIF-1α, reducing its half-life and steady-state levels. In vitro kinase assays reveal that CDK1 directly phosphorylates HIF-1α at a previously unidentified regulatory site, Ser668. HIF-1α is stabilized under normoxic conditions during G 2/M phase via CDK1-mediated phosphorylation of Ser668. A phospho-mimetic construct of HIF-1α at Ser668 (S668E) is significantly more stable under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions, resulting in enhanced transcription of HIF-1 target genes and increased tumor cell invasion and migration. Importantly, HIF-1α (S668E) displays increased tumor angiogenesis, proliferation, and tumor growth in vivo compared with wild-type HIF-1α. Thus, we have identified a novel link between CDK1 and HIF-1α that provides a potential molecular explanation for the elevated HIF-1 activity observed in primary and metastatic tumors, independent of hypoxia, and offers a molecular rationale for the clinical translation of CDK inhibitors for use in tumors with constitutively active HIF-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noel A Warfel
- Department of Medicine (Hematology/Oncology); Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute; Penn State College of Medicine; Hershey, PA USA
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86
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Winnicki K. ATM/ATR-dependent Tyr15 phosphorylation of cyclin-dependent kinases in response to hydroxyurea in Vicia faba root meristem cells. PROTOPLASMA 2013; 250:1139-45. [PMID: 23468117 PMCID: PMC3788184 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-013-0490-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Accepted: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
DNA damage or stalled replication forks activate cell cycle checkpoints. However, the regulation of metabolic pathways that are responsible for maintenance of genome integrity in plants is still largely unknown. Present research on Vicia faba root meristem cells indicates that inhibitory phosphorylation of cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) at Tyr15 plays a prominent role during blockage of cell cycle in response to genotoxic stress. Phosphorylation of P-loop in Cdks takes place in ATM/ATR-dependent manner. Although, Tyr15 phosphorylation upon hydroxyurea (HU) treatment was found in most cells classified to G1 and S phase, interestingly, the number of phoshpo-Tyr15-positive cells decreases in G2 phase. Presented data confirm much similarity in regulation of Cdks functions under genotoxic stress between plants and animals; however, they may also substantiate evolutionarily developed differences especially in regulation of G2/M transition between these two kingdoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad Winnicki
- Department of Cytophysiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, ul. Pomorska 141/143, 90-236, Lodz, Poland,
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87
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Chaudhary P, Sharma R, Sahu M, Vishwanatha JK, Awasthi S, Awasthi YC. 4-Hydroxynonenal induces G2/M phase cell cycle arrest by activation of the ataxia telangiectasia mutated and Rad3-related protein (ATR)/checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1) signaling pathway. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:20532-46. [PMID: 23733185 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.467662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
4-Hydroxynonenal (HNE) has been widely implicated in the mechanisms of oxidant-induced toxicity, but the detrimental effects of HNE associated with DNA damage or cell cycle arrest have not been thoroughly studied. Here we demonstrate for the first time that HNE caused G2/M cell cycle arrest of hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 (p53 wild type) and Hep3B (p53 null) cells that was accompanied with decreased expression of CDK1 and cyclin B1 and activation of p21 in a p53-independent manner. HNE treatment suppressed the Cdc25C level, which led to inactivation of CDK1. HNE-induced phosphorylation of Cdc25C at Ser-216 resulted in its translocation from nucleus to cytoplasm, thereby facilitating its degradation via the ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal pathway. This phosphorylation of Cdc25C was regulated by activation of the ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related protein (ATR)/checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1) pathway. The role of HNE in the DNA double strand break was strongly suggested by a remarkable increase in comet tail formation and H2A.X phosphorylation in HNE-treated cells in vitro. This was supported by increased in vivo phosphorylation of H2A.X in mGsta4 null mice that have impaired HNE metabolism and increased HNE levels in tissues. HNE-mediated ATR/Chk1 signaling was inhibited by ATR kinase inhibitor (caffeine). Additionally, most of the signaling effects of HNE on cell cycle arrest were attenuated in hGSTA4 transfected cells, thereby indicating the involvement of HNE in these events. A novel role of GSTA4-4 in the maintenance of genomic integrity is also suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Chaudhary
- Department of Molecular Biology and Immunology and Institute for Cancer Research, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas 76107, USA
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88
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Alekseeva L, Rault L, Almeida S, Legembre P, Edmond V, Azevedo V, Miyoshi A, Even S, Taieb F, Arlot-Bonnemains Y, Le Loir Y, Berkova N. Staphylococcus aureus-induced G2/M phase transition delay in host epithelial cells increases bacterial infective efficiency. PLoS One 2013; 8:e63279. [PMID: 23717407 PMCID: PMC3662696 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a highly versatile, opportunistic pathogen and the etiological agent of a wide range of infections in humans and warm-blooded animals. The epithelial surface is its principal site of colonization and infection. In this work, we investigated the cytopathic effect of S. aureus strains from human and animal origins and their ability to affect the host cell cycle in human HeLa and bovine MAC-T epithelial cell lines. S. aureus invasion slowed down cell proliferation and induced a cytopathic effect, resulting in the enlargement of host cells. A dramatic decrease in the number of mitotic cells was observed in the infected cultures. Flow cytometry analysis revealed an S. aureus-induced delay in the G2/M phase transition in synchronous HeLa cells. This delay required the presence of live S. aureus since the addition of the heat-killed bacteria did not alter the cell cycle. The results of Western blot experiments showed that the G2/M transition delay was associated with the accumulation of inactive cyclin-dependent kinase Cdk1, a key inducer of mitosis entry, and with the accumulation of unphosphorylated histone H3, which was correlated with a reduction of the mitotic cell number. Analysis of S. aureus proliferation in asynchronous, G1- and G2-phase-enriched HeLa cells showed that the G2 phase was preferential for bacterial infective efficiency, suggesting that the G2 phase delay may be used by S. aureus for propagation within the host. Taken together, our results divulge the potential of S. aureus in the subversion of key cellular processes such as cell cycle progression, and shed light on the biological significance of S. aureus-induced host cell cycle alteration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila Alekseeva
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1253, Science et Technologie du Lait et de l'Œuf, Rennes, France
- AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1253, Science et Technologie du Lait et de l'Œuf, Rennes, France
| | - Lucie Rault
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1253, Science et Technologie du Lait et de l'Œuf, Rennes, France
- AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1253, Science et Technologie du Lait et de l'Œuf, Rennes, France
| | - Sintia Almeida
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1253, Science et Technologie du Lait et de l'Œuf, Rennes, France
- AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1253, Science et Technologie du Lait et de l'Œuf, Rennes, France
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Patrick Legembre
- Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail, U1085, Université Rennes-1, Rennes, France
| | - Valérie Edmond
- Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail, U1085, Université Rennes-1, Rennes, France
| | - Vasco Azevedo
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Anderson Miyoshi
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Sergine Even
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1253, Science et Technologie du Lait et de l'Œuf, Rennes, France
- AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1253, Science et Technologie du Lait et de l'Œuf, Rennes, France
| | - Frédéric Taieb
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, USC U1043, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Toulouse, France
| | - Yannick Arlot-Bonnemains
- CNRS, Unité Mixte de Recherche 6290, Biologie, Santé, Innovation technologique, Université Rennes-1, Rennes, France
| | - Yves Le Loir
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1253, Science et Technologie du Lait et de l'Œuf, Rennes, France
- AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1253, Science et Technologie du Lait et de l'Œuf, Rennes, France
| | - Nadia Berkova
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1253, Science et Technologie du Lait et de l'Œuf, Rennes, France
- AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1253, Science et Technologie du Lait et de l'Œuf, Rennes, France
- * E-mail:
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89
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Timofeev O, Schlereth K, Wanzel M, Braun A, Nieswandt B, Pagenstecher A, Rosenwald A, Elsässer HP, Stiewe T. p53 DNA binding cooperativity is essential for apoptosis and tumor suppression in vivo. Cell Rep 2013; 3:1512-25. [PMID: 23665223 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2013.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Revised: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Four molecules of the tumor suppressor p53 assemble to cooperatively bind proapoptotic target genes. The structural basis for cooperativity consists of interactions between adjacent DNA binding domains. Mutations at the interaction interface that compromise cooperativity were identified in cancer patients, suggesting a requirement of cooperativity for tumor suppression. We report on an analysis of cooperativity mutant p53E177R mice. Apoptotic functions of p53 triggered by DNA damage and oncogenes were abolished in these mice, whereas functions in cell-cycle control, senescence, metabolism, and antioxidant defense were retained and were sufficient to suppress development of spontaneous T cell lymphoma. Cooperativity mutant mice are nevertheless highly cancer prone and susceptible to different oncogene-induced tumors. Our data underscore the relevance of DNA binding cooperativity for p53-dependent apoptosis and tumor suppression and highlight cooperativity mutations as a class of p53 mutations that result in a selective loss of apoptotic functions due to an altered quaternary structure of the p53 tetramer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Timofeev
- Department of Molecular Oncology, University of Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany
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90
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Yu Y, Xing K, Badamas R, Kuszynski CA, Wuand H, Lou MF. Overexpression of thioredoxin-binding protein 2 increases oxidation sensitivity and apoptosis in human lens epithelial cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 57:92-104. [PMID: 23291592 PMCID: PMC3593751 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2012] [Revised: 12/01/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Thioredoxin (Trx) is an important redox regulator with cytosolic Trx1 and mitochondrial Trx2 isozymes. Trx has multiple physiological functions in cells and its bioavailability is negatively controlled through active-site binding to a specific thioredoxin-binding protein (TBP-2). This paper describes the delicate balance between TBP-2 and Trx and the effect of overexpression of TBP-2 in human lens epithelial cells. Cells overexpressing TBP-2 (TBP-2 OE) showed a sevenfold increase in TBP-2 and a nearly 40% suppression of Trx activity but no change in Trx expression. The TBP-2 OE cells grew slower and their population decreased to 30% by day 7. Cell cycle analysis showed that TBP-2 OE cells arrested at the G2/M stage and that they displayed low expression of the cell cycle elements P-cdc2(Y15), cdc2, cdc25A, and cdc25C. Furthermore, TBP-2 OE cells were more sensitive to oxidation. Under H2O2 (200μM, 24h) treatment, these cells lost 80% viability and became highly apoptotic. Brief oxidative stress (200μM, 30min) to TBP-2 OE cells disrupted the Trx antiapoptotic function by dissociating the cytosolic and mitochondrial Trx-ASK binding complexes. The same H2O2-treated cells also showed activated ASK (P-ASK), increased Bax, lowered Bcl-2, cytochrome c release, and elevated caspase 3/7 activity. We conclude from these studies that high cellular levels of TBP-2 can potentially suppress Trx bioavailability and increase oxidation sensitivity. Overexpression of TBP-2 also causes slow growth by mitotic arrest and apoptosis by activating the ASK death pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibo Yu
- Eye Center of the 2 Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Center of Redox Biology and School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE
| | - Kuiyi Xing
- Center of Redox Biology and School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE
| | - Rilwan Badamas
- Center of Redox Biology and School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE
| | - Charles A. Kuszynski
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Hongli Wuand
- Center of Redox Biology and School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE
| | - Marjorie F. Lou
- Center of Redox Biology and School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
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91
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Chiou YS, Sang S, Cheng KH, Ho CT, Wang YJ, Pan MH. Peracetylated (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (AcEGCG) potently prevents skin carcinogenesis by suppressing the PKD1-dependent signaling pathway in CD34 + skin stem cells and skin tumors. Carcinogenesis 2013; 34:1315-22. [DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgt042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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92
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Chen YJ, Chang MC, Jane Yao CC, Lai HH, Chang JZC, Jeng JH. Mechanoregulation of osteoblast-like MG-63 cell activities by cyclic stretching. J Formos Med Assoc 2012; 113:447-53. [PMID: 24961187 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2012.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2012] [Revised: 09/30/2012] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Mechanical loading plays an important role in regulating bone formation and remodeling. Relevant mechanical stretching can increase the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblastic cells in vitro. However, little is known about the effects of supraphysiological high-level mechanical stretching on the growth and cell cycle progression of osteoblastic cells. METHODS Osteoblast-like MG-63 cells were seeded onto flexible-bottomed plates and subjected to cyclic mechanical stretching (15% elongation, 0.5 Hz) for 24 and 48 hours in a Flexercell FX-4000 strain unit. Cellular activities were measured by an assay based on the reduction of the tetrazolium salt, 3-[4,5-dimethyldiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetra-zolium bromide (MTT). The number of viable cells was also determined by the trypan blue dye exclusion technique. Cell cycle progression was checked by flow cytometry. mRNA expressions of apoptosis- and cell cycle-related genes (Bcl2, Bax, cdc2, cdc25C, and cyclin B1) were analyzed using an RT-PCR technique. RESULTS The number of viable cells significantly decreased in osteoblast-like MG-63 cells subjected to cyclic mechanical stretching for 24 or 48 hours. The MTT activity of stretched cells did not change at 24 hours, whereas a significant decrease was noted at 48 hours in comparison to the unstretched controls. The flow cytometry showed that mechanical stretching induced S-phase cell cycle arrest. Furthermore, exposure to mechanical stretching led to apoptotic cell death, as shown by the increase in the hypodiploid sub-G0/G1 cell population. Furthermore, a decreased cdc25C mRNA level was consistently noted in stretched cells. However, the mRNA expressions of Bcl2, Bax, cdc2, and cyclin B1 genes were not significantly altered compared to the unstretched control cells. CONCLUSION High-level mechanical stretching induced S-phase cell cycle arrest and apoptotic cell death in osteoblastic cells. The results suggest that heavy tensional force is a negative regulator of osteoblastic activities and should, therefore, be minimized if bone formation is attempted during orthodontic/orthopedic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Jane Chen
- School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University; Dental Department, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Chi Chang
- Biomedical Science Team, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Chen Jane Yao
- School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University; Dental Department, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Hua Lai
- School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University; Dental Department, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jenny Zwei-Chieng Chang
- School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University; Dental Department, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jiiang-Huei Jeng
- School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University; Dental Department, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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93
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Kienzle C, Eisler SA, Villeneuve J, Brummer T, Olayioye MA, Hausser A. PKD controls mitotic Golgi complex fragmentation through a Raf-MEK1 pathway. Mol Biol Cell 2012; 24:222-33. [PMID: 23242995 PMCID: PMC3564543 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e12-03-0198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Before entering mitosis, the stacks of the Golgi cisternae are separated from each other, and inhibiting this process delays entry of mammalian cells into mitosis. Protein kinase D (PKD) is known to be involved in Golgi-to-cell surface transport by controlling the biogenesis of specific transport carriers. Here we show that depletion of PKD1 and PKD2 proteins from HeLa cells by small interfering RNA leads to the accumulation of cells in the G2 phase of the cell cycle and prevents cells from entering mitosis. We further provide evidence that inhibition of PKD blocks mitotic Raf-1 and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) activation, and, as a consequence, mitotic Golgi fragmentation, which could be rescued by expression of active MEK1. Finally, Golgi fluorescence recovery after photobleaching analyses demonstrate that PKD is crucial for the cleavage of the noncompact zones of Golgi membranes in G2 phase. Our findings suggest that PKD controls interstack Golgi connections in a Raf-1/MEK1-dependent manner, a process required for entry of the cells into mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Kienzle
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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94
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Indirubin, an acting component of indigo naturalis, inhibits EGFR activation and EGF-induced CDC25B gene expression in epidermal keratinocytes. J Dermatol Sci 2012; 67:140-6. [PMID: 22721997 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2012.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2012] [Revised: 05/20/2012] [Accepted: 05/25/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Topical indigo naturalis ointment is clinically proved to be an effective therapy for plaque-type psoriasis. Indirubin, as the active component of indigo naturalis, inhibits cell proliferation of epidermal keratinocytes. However, the detailed underlying mechanism is not fully understood. OBJECTIVE To further investigate the anti-proliferating effects of indigo naturalis and indirubin on epidermal keratinocytes. METHODS The decreased expression of CDC25B in indigo naturalis- or indirubin-treated epidermal keratinocytes, as revealed by cDNA microarray analysis, was studied. The CDC25B expression was examined under different serum concentrations and compared between primary and immortalized keratinocytes. The activation of EGFR and the effect of EGF on the cell proliferation and CDC25B expression were also investigated in epidermal keratinocytes. RT/real-time PCR and western blot method were used to analyze the CDC25B expression at the mRNA and protein levels, respectively. RESULTS Indigo naturalis and indirubin were confirmed to down-regulate CDC25B expression significantly at both the mRNA and protein levels. The growth-dependent expression of CDC25B was demonstrated by the increased expression in serum-stimulated and immortalized keratinocytes. The activation of EGF receptor, known to be highly expressed in psoriatic lesions, was inhibited by indigo naturalis or indirubin. The cell proliferation and CDC25B expression of epidermal keratinocytes were induced by EGF alone and confirmed to be inhibited by indigo naturalis or indirubin. CONCLUSION Except being a common therapeutic target in various cancers, CDC25B also plays an important role in the hyper-proliferation of epidermal keratinocytes which can be suppressed by anti-psoriatic drug indigo naturalis and its component, indirubin.
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95
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Shen T, Huang S. The Role of Cdc25A in the Regulation of Cell Proliferation and Apoptosis. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2012; 12:631-9. [DOI: 10.2174/187152012800617678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2011] [Revised: 12/22/2011] [Accepted: 12/31/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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96
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Foskolou IP, Stellas D, Rozani I, Lavigne MD, Politis PK. Prox1 suppresses the proliferation of neuroblastoma cells via a dual action in p27-Kip1 and Cdc25A. Oncogene 2012; 32:947-60. [PMID: 22508481 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2012.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is a pediatric tumor that originates from precursor cells of the sympathetic nervous system with less than 40% long-term survival in children diagnosed with high-risk disease. These clinical observations underscore the need for novel insights in the mechanisms of malignant transformation and progression. Accordingly, it was recently reported that Prox1, a homeobox transcription regulator, is expressed in higher levels in human neuroblastoma with favorable prognosis. Consistently, we have recently shown that Prox1 exerts a strong antiproliferative effect on neural precursor cells during embryonic development. Thus, Prox1 is a candidate gene with a critical role in suppressing malignant neuroblastoma transformation. Here, we provide evidence that Prox1 strongly suppresses the proliferation of mouse and human neuroblastoma cell lines and blocks the growth of neuroblastoma tumors in SCID mice. Conversely, short hairpin RNA (shRNA) -mediated knockdown of basal Prox1 expression significantly induces proliferation, genomic instability and the ability of neuroblastoma cells to form tumors. Mechanistically, analysis of an inducible Prox1-overexpressing Neuro2A cell line indicates that Prox1 is sufficient to suppress CyclinD1, CyclinA and CyclinB1, consistent with a role in cell cycle arrest. Surprisingly, Prox1 strongly induces CyclinE1 expression in the same system despite its action on blocking cell cycle progression, which could account for the context dependent oncogenic function of Prox1. Most importantly, Prox1 was sufficient to decrease Cdc25A and induce p27-Kip1, but not p21-Cip1 or p53. By alleviating the Prox1 action in Cdc25A and p27-Kip1 expression, we were able to rescue its effect on cell cycle arrest. Together these data suggest that Prox1 negatively regulates neuroblastoma carcinogenesis through suppression of Cdc25A and induction of p27-Kip1 to counteract CyclinE1 overexpression and block cell cycle progression. Furthermore, these observations render Prox1 a candidate target for the treatment of neuroblastoma tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- I P Foskolou
- Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
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97
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Peco E, Escude T, Agius E, Sabado V, Medevielle F, Ducommun B, Pituello F. The CDC25B phosphatase shortens the G2 phase of neural progenitors and promotes efficient neuron production. Development 2012; 139:1095-104. [PMID: 22318230 DOI: 10.1242/dev.068569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
During embryonic development, changes in cell cycle kinetics have been associated with neurogenesis. This observation suggests that specific cell cycle regulators may be recruited to modify cell cycle dynamics and influence the decision between proliferation and differentiation. In the present study, we investigate the role of core positive cell cycle regulators, the CDC25 phosphatases, in this process. We report that, in the developing chicken spinal cord, only CDC25A is expressed in domains where neural progenitors undergo proliferative self-renewing divisions, whereas the combinatorial expression of CDC25A and CDC25B correlates remarkably well with areas where neurogenesis occurs. We also establish that neural progenitors expressing both CDC25A and CDC25B have a shorter G2 phase than those expressing CDC25A alone. We examine the functional relevance of these correlations using an RNAi-based method that allows us to knock down CDC25B efficiently and specifically. Reducing CDC25B expression results in a specific lengthening of the G2 phase, whereas the S-phase length and the total cell cycle time are not significantly modified. This modification of cell cycle kinetics is associated with a reduction in neuron production that is due to the altered conversion of proliferating neural progenitor cells to post-mitotic neurons. Thus, expression of CDC25B in neural progenitors has two functions: to change cell cycle kinetics and in particular G2-phase length and also to promote neuron production, identifying new roles for this phosphatase during neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Peco
- Université de Toulouse, CBD, 118 route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France
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98
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Cotugno R, Fortunato R, Santoro A, Gallotta D, Braca A, De Tommasi N, Belisario MA. Effect of sesquiterpene lactone coronopilin on leukaemia cell population growth, cell type-specific induction of apoptosis and mitotic catastrophe. Cell Prolif 2011; 45:53-65. [PMID: 22168177 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2184.2011.00796.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate anti-leukaemic potential of coronopilin, a sesquiterpene lactone from Ambrosia arborescens, and to characterize mechanism(s) underlying its activity. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was conducted on Jurkat and U937, two leukaemia-derived cell lines. Apoptosis and impairment of cell cycle progression were evaluated by flow cytometry and by microscopic analysis. Changes in protein expression and activation were evaluated by western blot analysis. Coronopilin-tubulin covalent adducts were demonstrated by mass spectrometry. RESULTS Coronopilin inhibited (IC(50) ≤ 20 μm) leukaemia cell population growth, but displayed poor cytotoxicity to normal white blood cells. On Jurkat cells, coronopilin exerted cell population growth inhibition activity, mainly by triggering caspase-dependent apoptosis. Conversely, in U937 cells, coronopilin's primary response was a robust arrest in G(2) /M. Marked increase in mitotic index and presence of activated cyclin B1/Cdk1 complex, phosphorylated histone H3 at Ser10, and hyperpolymerized tubulin indicated that cells accumulated in mitosis. Prolonged mitotic arrest ultimately resulted in U937 mitotic catastrophe, and dying cells exhibited the features of non-caspase-dependent death. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that coronopilin efficiently inhibited leukaemia cell population growth by triggering cell type-specific responses. Moreover, coronopilin-mediated cell population expansion inhibition was specific to neoplastic cells, as normal white blood cell viability was not significantly affected. Thus, coronopilin may represent an interesting new chemical scaffold upon which to develop new anti-leukaemic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Cotugno
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
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99
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Zeestraten ECM, Maak M, Shibayama M, Schuster T, Nitsche U, Matsushima T, Nakayama S, Gohda K, Friess H, van de Velde CJH, Ishihara H, Rosenberg R, Kuppen PJK, Janssen KP. Specific activity of cyclin-dependent kinase I is a new potential predictor of tumour recurrence in stage II colon cancer. Br J Cancer 2011; 106:133-40. [PMID: 22108518 PMCID: PMC3251853 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2011.504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: There are no established biomarkers to identify tumour recurrence in stage II colon cancer. As shown previously, the enzymatic activity of the cyclin-dependent kinases 1 and 2 (CDK1 and CDK2) predicts outcome in breast cancer. Therefore, we investigated whether CDK activity identifies tumour recurrence in colon cancer. Methods: In all, 254 patients with completely resected (R0) UICC stage II colon cancer were analysed retrospectively from two independent cohorts from Munich (Germany) and Leiden (Netherlands). None of the patients received adjuvant treatment. Development of distant metastasis was observed in 27 patients (median follow-up: 86 months). Protein expression and activity of CDKs were measured on fresh-frozen tumour samples. Results: Specific activity (SA) of CDK1 (CDK1SA), but not CDK2, significantly predicted distant metastasis (concordance index=0.69, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.55–0.79, P=0.036). Cutoff derivation by maximum log-rank statistics yielded a threshold of CDK1SA at 11 (SA units, P=0.029). Accordingly, 59% of patients were classified as high-risk (CDK1SA ⩾11). Cox proportional hazard analysis revealed CDK1SA as independent prognostic variable (hazard ratio=6.2, 95% CI: 1.44–26.9, P=0.012). Moreover, CKD1SA was significantly elevated in microsatellite-stable tumours. Conclusion: Specific activity of CDK1 is a promising biomarker for metastasis risk in stage II colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- E C M Zeestraten
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 Leiden, The Netherlands
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Gogineni VR, Nalla AK, Gupta R, Dinh DH, Klopfenstein JD, Rao JS. Chk2-mediated G2/M cell cycle arrest maintains radiation resistance in malignant meningioma cells. Cancer Lett 2011; 313:64-75. [PMID: 21945852 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2011.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2011] [Revised: 08/19/2011] [Accepted: 08/22/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
In continuation to our studies on radioresistance in meningioma, here we show that radiation treatment (7Gy) induces G2/M cell cycle arrest in meningioma cells. Phosphorylation of Chk2, Cdc25c and Cdc2 were found to be key events since interference with Chk2 activation and cyclin B1/Cdc2 interaction led to permanent arrest followed by apoptosis. Irradiated cells showed recovery and formed aggressive intracranial tumors with rapid spread and morbidity. Nevertheless, knock down of uPAR with or without radiation induced permanent arrest in G2/M phase and subsequent apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, our data suggest that combination treatment with radiation and uPAR knock down or other inhibitors resulting in non-reversible G2/M arrest may be beneficial in the management of meningiomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkateswara Rao Gogineni
- Departments of Cancer Biology & Pharmacology and Neurosurgery, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, IL, USA
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