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Di Paolo NC, Shayakhmetov DM. Interleukin 1α and the inflammatory process. Nat Immunol 2016; 17:906-13. [PMID: 27434011 PMCID: PMC5152572 DOI: 10.1038/ni.3503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 367] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation occurs after disruption of tissue homeostasis by cell stress, injury or infection and ultimately involves the recruitment and retention of cells of hematopoietic origin, which arrive at the affected sites to resolve damage and initiate repair. Interleukin 1α (IL-1α) and IL-1β are equally potent inflammatory cytokines that activate the inflammatory process, and their deregulated signaling causes devastating diseases manifested by severe acute or chronic inflammation. Although much attention has been given to understanding the biogenesis of IL-1β, the biogenesis of IL-1α and its distinctive role in the inflammatory process remain poorly defined. In this review we examine key aspects of IL-1α biology and regulation and discuss its emerging importance in the initiation and maintenance of inflammation that underlie the pathology of many human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson C Di Paolo
- Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Dmitry M Shayakhmetov
- Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Center for Transplantation and Immune-mediated Disorders, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Emory Vaccine Center, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Sosa Peña MDP, Lopez-Soler R, Melendez JA. Senescence in chronic allograft nephropathy. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2016; 315:F880-F889. [PMID: 27306980 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00195.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite increasing numbers of patients on dialysis, the numbers of renal transplants performed yearly have remained relatively static. During the last 50 years, there have been many advances in the pharmacology of prevention of organ rejection. However, most patients will suffer from a slow but steady decline in renal function leading to graft loss. The most common cause of long-term graft loss is chronic allograft nephropathy (CAN). Therefore, elucidating and understanding the mechanisms involved in CAN is crucial for achieving better posttransplant outcomes. It is thought that the development of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) in proximal tubules is one of the first steps towards CAN, and has been shown to be a result of cellular senescence. Cells undergoing senescence acquire a senescence associated secretory phenotype (SASP) leading to the production of interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1α), which has been implicated in several degenerative and inflammatory processes including renal disease. A central mediator in SASP activation is the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are produced in response to numerous physiological and pathological stimuli. This review explores the connection between SASP and the development of EMT/CAN in an effort to suggest future directions for research leading to improved long-term graft outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Reynold Lopez-Soler
- Albany Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Division of Transplantation, Albany, New York
| | - J Andrés Melendez
- SUNY Polytechnic Institute, Colleges of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, Albany, New York
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53
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"Inflammaging" as a Druggable Target: A Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotype-Centered View of Type 2 Diabetes. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:1810327. [PMID: 27340505 PMCID: PMC4908264 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1810327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a complex phenomenon driven by a variety of molecular alterations. A relevant feature of aging is chronic low-grade inflammation, termed “inflammaging.” In type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), many elements of aging appear earlier or are overrepresented, including consistent inflammaging. T2DM patients have an increased death rate, associated with an incremented inflammatory score. The source of this inflammation is debated. Recently, the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) has been proposed as the main origin of inflammaging in both aging and T2DM. Different pathogenic mechanisms linked to T2DM progression and complications development have been linked to senescence and SASP, that is, oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Here we review the latest data connecting oxidative and ER stress with the SASP in the context of aging and T2DM, with emphasis on endothelial cells (ECs) and endothelial dysfunction. Moreover, since current medical practice is insufficient to completely suppress the increased death rate of diabetic patients, we propose a SASP-centered view of T2DM as a futuristic therapeutic option, possibly opening new prospects by moving the attention from one-organ studies of diabetes complications to a wider targeting of the aging process.
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54
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Obar JJ, Hohl TM, Cramer RA. New advances in invasive aspergillosis immunobiology leading the way towards personalized therapeutic approaches. Cytokine 2016; 84:63-73. [PMID: 27253487 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2016.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Invasive aspergillosis (IA) remains a devastating disease in immune compromised patients despite significant advances in our understanding of fungal virulence and host defense mechanisms. In this review, we summarize important research advances in the fight against IA with particular focus on early events in the interactions between Aspergillus fumigatus and the host that occur in the respiratory tract. Advances in understanding mechanisms of immune effector cell recruitment, antifungal effector mechanisms, and how the dynamic host-fungal interaction alters the local microenvironment to effect outcomes are highlighted. These advances illustrate exciting new therapeutic opportunities, but also emphasize the importance of understanding each unique fungus-host interaction for improving patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua J Obar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, United States.
| | - Tobias M Hohl
- Infectious Disease Service, Department of Medicine, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States; Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States.
| | - Robert A Cramer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, United States.
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55
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Malaquin N, Martinez A, Rodier F. Keeping the senescence secretome under control: Molecular reins on the senescence-associated secretory phenotype. Exp Gerontol 2016; 82:39-49. [PMID: 27235851 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2016.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is historically associated with cancer suppression and aging. Recently, the reach of the senescence genetic program has been extended to include the ability of senescent cells to actively participate in tissue remodelling during many physiological processes, including placental biology, embryonic patterning, wound healing, and tissue stress responses caused by cancer therapy. Besides growth arrest, a significant feature of senescent cells is their ability to modify their immediate microenvironment using a senescence-associated (SA) secretome, commonly termed the SA secretory phenotype (SASP). Among others, the SASP contains growth factors, cytokines, and extracellular proteases that modulate the majority of both the beneficial and detrimental microenvironmental phenotypes caused by senescent cells. The SASP is thus becoming an obvious pharmaceutical target to manipulate SA effects. Herein, we review known signalling pathways underlying the SASP, including the DNA damage response (DDR), stress kinases, inflammasome, alarmin, inflammation- and cell survival-related transcription factors, miRNAs, RNA stability, autophagy, chromatin components, and metabolic regulators. We also describe the SASP as a temporally regulated dynamic sub-program of senescence that can be divided into a rapid DDR-associated phase, an early self-amplification phase, and a late "mature" phase, the late phase currently being the most widely studied SASP signature. Finally, we discuss how deciphering the signalling pathways regulating the SASP reveal targets that can be manipulated to harness the SA effects to benefit therapies for cancer and other age-related pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Francis Rodier
- CRCHUM et Institut du cancer de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada; Université de Montréal, Département de radiologie, radio-oncologie et médecine nucléaire, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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56
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Voelkel NF, Tamosiuniene R, Nicolls MR. Challenges and opportunities in treating inflammation associated with pulmonary hypertension. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2016; 14:939-51. [PMID: 27096622 DOI: 10.1080/14779072.2016.1180976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Inflammatory cells are present in the lungs from patients with many, if not all, forms of severe pulmonary hypertension. AREAS COVERED Historically the first inflammatory cell identified in the pulmonary vascular lesions was the mast cell. T and B lymphocytes, as well as macrophages, are present in and around the pulmonary arterioles and many patients have elevated blood levels of interleukin 1 and 6; some patients show elevated levels of leukotriene B4. An overlap between collagen-vascular disease-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and idiopathic PAH exists, yet only a few studies have been designed that evaluate the effect of anti-inflammatory treatments. Here we review the pertinent data that connect PAH and inflammation/autoimmune dysregulation and evaluate experimental models of severe PAH with an emphasis on the Sugen/athymic rat model of severe PAH. Expert commentary: We postulate that there are several inflammatory phenotypes and predict that there will be several anti-inflammatory treatment strategies for severe PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norbert F Voelkel
- a School of Pharmacy , Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond , VA , USA
| | - Rasa Tamosiuniene
- b Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division , Stanford University , Palo Alto , CA , USA
| | - Mark R Nicolls
- b Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division , Stanford University , Palo Alto , CA , USA
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57
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Poole A, Kacer D, Cooper E, Tarantini F, Prudovsky I. Sustained Inhibition of Proliferative Response After Transient FGF Stimulation Is Mediated by Interleukin 1 Signaling. J Cell Physiol 2016. [PMID: 26218437 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Transient FGF stimulation of various cell types results in FGF memory--a sustained blockage of efficient proliferative response to FGF and other growth factors. FGF memory establishment requires HDAC activity, indicating its epigenetic character. FGF treatment stimulates proinflammatory NFκB signaling, which is also critical for FGF memory formation. The search for FGF-induced mediators of FGF memory revealed that FGF stimulates HDAC-dependent expression of the inflammatory cytokine IL1α. Similarly to FGF, transient cell treatment with recombinant IL1α inhibits the proliferative response to further FGF and EGF stimulation, but does not prevent FGF receptor-mediated signaling. Interestingly, like cells pretreated with FGF1, cells pretreated with IL1α exhibit enhanced restructuring of actin cytoskeleton and increased migration in response to FGF stimulation. IRAP, a specific inhibitor of IL 1 receptor, and a neutralizing anti-IL1α antibody prevent the formation of FGF memory and rescue an efficient proliferative response to FGF restimulation. A similar effect results following treatment with the anti-inflammatory agents aspirin and dexamethasone. Thus, FGF memory is mediated by proinflammatory IL1 signaling. It may play a role in the limitation of proliferative response to tissue damage and prevention of wound-induced hyperplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashleigh Poole
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Maine Medical Center, Maine
| | - Doreen Kacer
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Maine Medical Center, Maine
| | - Emily Cooper
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Maine Medical Center, Maine
| | - Francesca Tarantini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Research Unit of Medicine of Ageing, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Igor Prudovsky
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Maine Medical Center, Maine
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58
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Wang F, Cai F, Shi R, Wang XH, Wu XT. Aging and age related stresses: a senescence mechanism of intervertebral disc degeneration. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2016; 24:398-408. [PMID: 26455958 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2015.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 296] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 09/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is a complicated process that involves both age-related change and tissue damage caused by multiple stresses. In a degenerative IVD, cellular senescence accumulates and is associated with reduced proliferation, compromised self-repair, increased inflammatory response, and enhanced catabolic metabolism. In this review, we decipher the senescence mechanism of IVD degeneration (IVDD) by interpreting how aging coordinates with age-related, microenvironment-derived stresses in promoting disc cell senescence and accelerating IVDD. After chronic and prolonged replication, cell senescence may occur as a natural part of the disc aging process, but can potentially be accelerated by growth factor deficiency, oxidative accumulation, and inflammatory irritation. While acute disc injury, excessive mechanical overloading, diabetes, and chronic tobacco smoking contribute to the amplification of senescence-inducing stresses, the avascular nature of IVD impairs the immune-clearance of the senescent disc cells, which accumulate in cell clusters, demonstrate inflammatory and catabolic phenotypes, deteriorate disc microenvironment, and accelerate IVDD. Anti-senescence strategies, including telomerase transduction, supply of growth factors, and blocking cell cycle inhibitors, have been shown to be feasible in rescuing disc cells from early senescence, but their efficiency for disc regeneration requires more in vivo validations. Guidelines dedicated to avoiding or alleviating senescence-inducing stresses might decelerate cellular senescence and benefit patients with IVD degenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, 87# Dingjiaqiao Road, 210009 Nanjing, China; Surgery Research Center, School of Medicine, Southeast University, 87# Dingjiaqiao Road, 210009 Nanjing, China.
| | - F Cai
- Department of Spine Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, 87# Dingjiaqiao Road, 210009 Nanjing, China; Surgery Research Center, School of Medicine, Southeast University, 87# Dingjiaqiao Road, 210009 Nanjing, China.
| | - R Shi
- Department of Spine Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, 87# Dingjiaqiao Road, 210009 Nanjing, China; Surgery Research Center, School of Medicine, Southeast University, 87# Dingjiaqiao Road, 210009 Nanjing, China.
| | - X-H Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, 87# Dingjiaqiao Road, 210009 Nanjing, China; Surgery Research Center, School of Medicine, Southeast University, 87# Dingjiaqiao Road, 210009 Nanjing, China.
| | - X-T Wu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, 87# Dingjiaqiao Road, 210009 Nanjing, China; Surgery Research Center, School of Medicine, Southeast University, 87# Dingjiaqiao Road, 210009 Nanjing, China.
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Abstract
The cysteine (Cys) proteome is a major component of the adaptive interface between the genome and the exposome. The thiol moiety of Cys undergoes a range of biologic modifications enabling biological switching of structure and reactivity. These biological modifications include sulfenylation and disulfide formation, formation of higher oxidation states, S-nitrosylation, persulfidation, metalation, and other modifications. Extensive knowledge about these systems and their compartmentalization now provides a foundation to develop advanced integrative models of Cys proteome regulation. In particular, detailed understanding of redox signaling pathways and sensing networks is becoming available to allow the discrimination of network structures. This research focuses attention on the need for atlases of Cys modifications to develop systems biology models. Such atlases will be especially useful for integrative studies linking the Cys proteome to imaging and other omics platforms, providing a basis for improved redox-based therapeutics. Thus, a framework is emerging to place the Cys proteome as a complement to the quantitative proteome in the omics continuum connecting the genome to the exposome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Mi Go
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Joshua D Chandler
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Dean P Jones
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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60
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Primary biliary cirrhosis is a generalized autoimmune epithelitis. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:6432-46. [PMID: 25803105 PMCID: PMC4394541 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16036432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is a chronic progressive autoimmune cholestatic liver disease characterized by highly specific antimitochondrial antibodies (AMAs) and the specific immune-mediated injury of small intrahepatic bile ducts. Unique apoptotic feature of biliary epithelial cells (BECs) may contribute to apotope presentation to the immune system, causing unique tissue damage in PBC. Perpetuation of inflammation may result in senescence of BECs, contributing to irreversible loss of bile duct. In addition to the classic liver manifestations, focal inflammation and tissue damage are also seen in salivary glands and urinary tract in a significant proportion of PBC patients. These findings provide potent support to the idea that molecular mimicry may be involved in the breakdown of autoimmune tolerance and mucosal immunity may lead to a systematic epithelitis in PBC patients. Thus, PBC is considered a generalized epithelitis in clinical practice.
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Bozhkov AI, Nikitchenko YV. Thermogenesis and longevity in mammals. Thyroxin model of accelerated aging. Exp Gerontol 2014; 60:173-82. [PMID: 25446982 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2014.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Revised: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Development of experimental models of life span regulation is an important goal of modern gerontology. We proposed a thyroxin model of accelerated aging. Male Wistar rats at the age of 17 months received thyroxin in drinking water at a concentration of 6 mg/L for 2 months as a model of induced hyperthyroidism (IH). Administration of thyroxin resulted in a decrease in life span and a 2°C increase in body temperature that was accompanied by a 2 fold increase in thyroxin level and a 40% increase in triiodothyronine in blood serum. Induced hyperthyroidism can be used as a model of accelerated aging. We also found that thyroxin administration acts as uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation as treatment was accompanied by an increase in the generation of superoxide radicals by 50%. Antioxidant enzyme activity remained unchanged (glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase mitochondrial) or was reduced (glutathione-S-transferase by 1.7 times) as compared with the control. The activity of glucose-6-transferase was increased by 2.8 times as compared with control, and malate dehydrogenase activity in liver increased by 6.8 times. Induced hyperthyroidism in rats resulted in distinct epigenotype which was accompanied by a decrease in life span.
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Affiliation(s)
- A I Bozhkov
- Research Institute of Biology, V.N. Karazin Kharkov National University, 61022 Kharkov, Ukraine.
| | - Yu V Nikitchenko
- Research Institute of Biology, V.N. Karazin Kharkov National University, 61022 Kharkov, Ukraine
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Alder MN, Lindsell CJ, Wong HR. The pediatric sepsis biomarker risk model: potential implications for sepsis therapy and biology. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2014; 12:809-16. [PMID: 24754535 DOI: 10.1586/14787210.2014.912131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in adult and pediatric intensive care units. Heterogeneity of demographics, comorbidities, biological mechanisms, and severity of illness leads to difficulty in determining which patients are at highest risk of mortality. Determining mortality risk is important for weighing the potential benefits of more aggressive interventions and for deciding whom to enroll in clinical trials. Biomarkers can be used to parse patients into different risk categories and can outperform current methods of patient risk stratification based on physiologic parameters. Here we review the Pediatric Sepsis Biomarker Risk Model that has also been modified and applied to estimate mortality risk in adult patients. We compare the two models and speculate on the biological implications of the biomarkers in patients with sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew N Alder
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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