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The cellular and signalling alterations conducted by TGF-β contributing to renal fibrosis. Cytokine 2016; 88:115-125. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2016.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Han X, Wang Y, Zhang X, Qin Y, Qu B, Wu L, Ma J, Zhou Z, Qian J, Dai M, Tang Y, Chan EKL, Harley JB, Zhou S, Shen N. MicroRNA-130b Ameliorates Murine Lupus Nephritis Through Targeting the Type I Interferon Pathway on Renal Mesangial Cells. Arthritis Rheumatol 2016; 68:2232-43. [PMID: 27111096 DOI: 10.1002/art.39725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Han
- Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai China
| | - Yan Wang
- Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital, and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai China
| | - Yuting Qin
- Shanghai Institute of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital, and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai China
| | - Bo Qu
- Shanghai Institute of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital, and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai China
| | - Lingling Wu
- Shanghai Institute of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital, and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai China
| | - Jianyang Ma
- Shanghai Institute of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital, and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai China
| | - Zhenyuan Zhou
- Shanghai Institute of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital, and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai China
| | - Jie Qian
- Shanghai Institute of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital, and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai China
| | - Min Dai
- Shanghai Institute of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital, and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai China
| | - Yuanjia Tang
- Shanghai Institute of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital, and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai China
| | | | - John B. Harley
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and Cincinnati VA Medical Center; Cincinnati Ohio
| | - Shiyu Zhou
- Shanghai Institute of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital, and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai China
| | - Nan Shen
- Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Rheumatology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China, and Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; Cincinnati Ohio
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Knoppova B, Reily C, Maillard N, Rizk DV, Moldoveanu Z, Mestecky J, Raska M, Renfrow MB, Julian BA, Novak J. The Origin and Activities of IgA1-Containing Immune Complexes in IgA Nephropathy. Front Immunol 2016; 7:117. [PMID: 27148252 PMCID: PMC4828451 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common primary glomerulonephritis, frequently leading to end-stage renal disease, as there is no disease-specific therapy. IgAN is diagnosed from pathological assessment of a renal biopsy specimen based on predominant or codominant IgA-containing immunodeposits, usually with complement C3 co-deposits and with variable presence of IgG and/or IgM. The IgA in these renal deposits is galactose-deficient IgA1, with less than a full complement of galactose residues on the O-glycans in the hinge region of the heavy chains. Research from the past decade led to the definition of IgAN as an autoimmune disease with a multi-hit pathogenetic process with contributing genetic and environmental components. In this process, circulating galactose-deficient IgA1 (autoantigen) is bound by antiglycan IgG or IgA (autoantibodies) to form immune complexes. Some of these circulating complexes deposit in glomeruli, and thereby activate mesangial cells and induce renal injury through cellular proliferation and overproduction of extracellular matrix components and cytokines/chemokines. Glycosylation pathways associated with production of the autoantigen and the unique characteristics of the corresponding autoantibodies in patients with IgAN have been uncovered. Complement likely plays a significant role in the formation and the nephritogenic activities of these complexes. Complement activation is mediated through the alternative and lectin pathways and probably occurs systemically on IgA1-containing circulating immune complexes as well as locally in glomeruli. Incidence of IgAN varies greatly by geographical location; the disease is rare in central Africa but accounts for up to 40% of native-kidney biopsies in eastern Asia. Some of this variation may be explained by genetically determined influences on the pathogenesis of the disease. Genome-wide association studies to date have identified several loci associated with IgAN. Some of these loci are associated with the increased prevalence of IgAN, whereas others, such as deletion of complement factor H-related genes 1 and 3, are protective against the disease. Understanding the molecular mechanisms and genetic and biochemical factors involved in formation and activities of pathogenic IgA1-containing immune complexes will enable the development of future disease-specific therapies as well as identification of non-invasive disease-specific biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Knoppova
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University and University Hospital, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Colin Reily
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Nicolas Maillard
- Université Jean Monnet, Saint Etienne, France
- PRES Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Dana V. Rizk
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Zina Moldoveanu
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jiri Mestecky
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Milan Raska
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University and University Hospital, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Matthew B. Renfrow
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Bruce A. Julian
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jan Novak
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Sen A, Kumar P, Garg R, Lindsey SH, Katakam PVG, Bloodworth M, Pandey KN. Transforming growth factor β1 antagonizes the transcription, expression and vascular signaling of guanylyl cyclase/natriuretic peptide receptor A - role of δEF1. FEBS J 2016; 283:1767-81. [PMID: 26934489 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the role of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) in transcriptional regulation and function of the guanylyl cyclase A/natriuretic peptide receptor A gene (Npr1) and whether cross-talk exists between these two hormonal systems in target cells. After treatment of primary cultured rat thoracic aortic vascular smooth muscle cells and mouse mesangial cells with TGF-β1, the Npr1 promoter construct containing a δ-crystallin enhancer binding factor 1 (δEF1) site showed 85% reduction in luciferase activity in a time- and dose-dependent manner. TGF-β1 also significantly attenuated luciferase activity of the Npr1 promoter by 62%, and decreased atrial natriuretic peptide-mediated relaxation of mouse denuded aortic rings ex vivo. Treatment of cells with TGF-β1 increased the protein levels of δEF1 by 2.4-2.8-fold, and also significantly enhanced the phosphorylation of Smad 2/3, but markedly reduced Npr1 mRNA and receptor protein levels. Over-expression of δEF1 showed a reduction in Npr1 promoter activity by 75%, while deletion or site-directed mutagenesis of δEF1 sites in the Npr1 promoter eliminated the TGF-β1-mediated repression of Npr1 transcription. TGF-β1 significantly increased the expression of α-smooth muscle actin and collagen type I α2 in rat thoracic aortic vascular smooth muscle cells, which was markedly attenuated by atrial natriuretic peptide in cells over-expressing natriuretic peptide receptor A. Together, the present results suggest that an antagonistic cascade exists between the TGF-β1/Smad/δEF1 pathways and Npr1 expression and receptor signaling that is relevant to renal and vascular remodeling, and may be critical in the regulation of blood pressure and cardiovascular homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anagha Sen
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center and School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Prerna Kumar
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center and School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Renu Garg
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center and School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Sarah H Lindsey
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center and School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Prasad V G Katakam
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center and School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Meaghan Bloodworth
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center and School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Kailash N Pandey
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center and School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
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Transforming growth factor (TGF) β1 acted through miR-130b to increase integrin α5 to promote migration of colorectal cancer cells. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:10763-73. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-4965-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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De Chiara L, Crean J. Emerging Transcriptional Mechanisms in the Regulation of Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition and Cellular Plasticity in the Kidney. J Clin Med 2016; 5:jcm5010006. [PMID: 26771648 PMCID: PMC4730131 DOI: 10.3390/jcm5010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Notwithstanding controversies over the role of epithelial to mesenchymal transition in the pathogenesis of renal disease, the last decade has witnessed a revolution in our understanding of the regulation of renal cell plasticity. Significant parallels undoubtedly exist between ontogenic processes and the initiation and propagation of damage in the diseased kidney as evidenced by the reactivation of developmental programmes of gene expression, in particular with respect to TGFβ superfamily signaling. Indeed, multiple signaling pathways converge on a complex transcriptional regulatory nexus that additionally involves epigenetic activator and repressor mechanisms and microRNA regulatory networks that control renal cell plasticity. It is becoming increasingly apparent that differentiated cells can acquire an undifferentiated state akin to “stemness” which is leading us towards new models of complex cell behaviors and interactions. Here we discuss the latest findings that delineate new and novel interactions between this transcriptional regulatory network and highlight a hitherto poorly recognized role for the Polycomb Repressive Complex (PRC2) in the regulation of renal cell plasticity. A comprehensive understanding of how external stimuli interact with the epigenetic control of gene expression, in normal and diseased contexts, establishes a new therapeutic paradigm to promote the resolution of renal injury and regression of fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia De Chiara
- Diabetes Complications Research Centre, UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - John Crean
- Diabetes Complications Research Centre, UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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Bhatt K, Kato M, Natarajan R. Mini-review: emerging roles of microRNAs in the pathophysiology of renal diseases. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2015; 310:F109-18. [PMID: 26538441 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00387.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNA) are endogenously produced short noncoding regulatory RNAs that can repress gene expression by posttranscriptional mechanisms. They can therefore influence both normal and pathological conditions in diverse biological systems. Several miRNAs have been detected in kidneys, where they have been found to be crucial for renal development and normal physiological functions as well as significant contributors to the pathogenesis of renal disorders such as diabetic nephropathy, acute kidney injury, lupus nephritis, polycystic kidney disease, and others, due to their effects on key genes involved in these disease processes. miRNAs have also emerged as novel biomarkers in these renal disorders. Due to increasing evidence of their actions in various kidney segments, in this mini-review we discuss the functional significance of altered miRNA expression during the development of renal pathologies and highlight emerging miRNA-based therapeutics and diagnostic strategies for early detection and treatment of kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirti Bhatt
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Diabetes and Metabolic Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Mitsuo Kato
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Diabetes and Metabolic Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Rama Natarajan
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Diabetes and Metabolic Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, California
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Lv C, Zhou YH, Wu C, Shao Y, Lu CL, Wang QY. The changes in miR-130b levels in human serum and the correlation with the severity of diabetic nephropathy. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2015; 31:717-24. [PMID: 25952368 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.2659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circulating microRNA 130b has been closely associated with multiple diseases in humans such as cancer, obesity and diabetes mellitus. This study evaluates the correlation between serum miR-130b and the severity of diabetic nephropathy evaluated by measurement of albuminuria. METHODS Three hundred twenty-seven patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were divided into three groups: normoalbuminuria group [diabetes mellitus, urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (UACR) < 30 mg/g, n = 137], microalbuminuria group (DN1, UACR 30-300 mg/g, n = 122) and macroalbuminuria group (DN2, UACR > 300 mg/g, n = 68). The levels of serum miR-130b were validated by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Serum transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) and fibronectin were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Compared with control, serum miR-130b levels were significantly decreased in T2DM patients and further decreased in the patients of diabetes mellitus, DN1 and DN2 groups (p < 0.001). Furthermore, age-adjusted and sex-adjusted regression analyses showed that decreased level of serum miR-130b, increased levels of glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c ), homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), TGF-β1, HIF-1α and fibronectin were significantly correlated with UACR (p < 0.05). In addition, serum miR-130b levels were inversely correlated with HbA1c , HOMA-IR, TG, LDL, BUN, TGF-β1, HIF-1α and FN (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that serum miR-130b may be a new biomarker for the early diagnosis of DN in T2DM. Circulating miR-130b may possibly be involved in the pathological mechanism of DN, such as lipid metabolic disorders, oxidative stress, extracellular matrix deposition and renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Lv
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, China
| | - Yue-Hong Zhou
- Division of Endocrinology, Shenyang No. 8 Hospital, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110024, China
| | - Can Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, China
| | - Ying Shao
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, China
| | - Can-Lu Lu
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, China
| | - Qiu-Yue Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, China
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Kato M, Natarajan R. MicroRNAs in diabetic nephropathy: functions, biomarkers, and therapeutic targets. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2015; 1353:72-88. [PMID: 25877817 PMCID: PMC4607544 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.12758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression by posttranscriptional and epigenetic mechanisms and thereby affect many cellular processes and disease states. Over 2,000 human mature miRNAs have been identified, and at least 60% of all human protein-coding genes are known to be regulated by miRNAs. MicroRNA biogenesis involves classical transcription regulation and processing by key ribonucleases, as well as other protein factors and epigenetic mechanisms. Diabetic nephropathy (DN), a severe microvascular complication frequently associated with diabetes mellitus, is a major cause of renal failure. Although several mechanisms of regulation of key renal genes implicated in DN pathogenesis have been identified, a greater understanding is needed to develop better treatment modalities. Recent studies show that miRNAs induced in renal cells in vivo and in vitro under diabetic conditions can promote the accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins related to fibrosis and glomerular dysfunction. In this review, we highlight the significance of the expression of miRNAs in various stages of DN and emerging approaches to exploit them as biomarkers for early detection or novel therapeutic targets to prevent progression of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuo Kato
- Department of Diabetes Complications, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Rama Natarajan
- Department of Diabetes Complications, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California
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Mao S, Yan B, Zhang J. Association of transforming growth factor-β1 polymorphisms with the risk of chronic kidney diseases. Ren Fail 2015; 37:304-11. [DOI: 10.3109/0886022x.2015.1077324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Zhang Q, Liu LN, Yong Q, Deng JC, Cao WG. Intralesional injection of adipose-derived stem cells reduces hypertrophic scarring in a rabbit ear model. Stem Cell Res Ther 2015; 6:145. [PMID: 26282394 PMCID: PMC4539671 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-015-0133-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Revised: 05/31/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Redundant collagen deposition at sites of healing dermal wounds results in hypertrophic scars. Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) exhibit promise in a variety of anti-fibrosis applications by attenuating collagen deposition. The objective of this study was to explore the influence of an intralesional injection of ADSCs on hypertrophic scar formation by using an established rabbit ear model. METHODS Twelve New Zealand albino rabbits were equally divided into three groups, and six identical punch defects were made on each ear. On postoperative day 14 when all wounds were completely re-epithelialized, the first group received an intralesional injection of ADSCs on their right ears and Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) on their left ears as an internal control. Rabbits in the second group were injected with conditioned medium of the ADSCs (ADSCs-CM) on their right ears and DMEM on their left ears as an internal control. Right ears of the third group remained untreated, and left ears received DMEM. We quantified scar hypertrophy by measuring the scar elevation index (SEI) on postoperative days 14, 21, 28, and 35 with ultrasonography. Wounds were harvested 35 days later for histomorphometric and gene expression analysis. RESULTS Intralesional injections of ADSCs or ADSCs-CM both led to scars with a far more normal appearance and significantly decreased SEI (44.04 % and 32.48 %, respectively, both P <0.01) in the rabbit ears compared with their internal controls. Furthermore, we confirmed that collagen was organized more regularly and that there was a decreased expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and collagen type Ι in the ADSC- and ADSCs-CM-injected scars according to histomorphometric and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis. There was no difference between DMEM-injected and untreated scars. CONCLUSIONS An intralesional injection of ADSCs reduces the formation of rabbit ear hypertrophic scars by decreasing the α-SMA and collagen type Ι gene expression and ameliorating collagen deposition and this may result in an effective and innovative anti-scarring therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhi-Zao-Ju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Li-Na Liu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhi-Zao-Ju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Qi Yong
- Medical Science & Research Center, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 10 Tie-Yi Road, Beijing, 100038, China.
| | - Jing-Cheng Deng
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhi-Zao-Ju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Wei-Gang Cao
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhi-Zao-Ju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China.
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Lu L, Wang J, Lu H, Zhang G, Liu Y, Wang J, Zhang Y, Shang H, Ji H, Chen X, Duan Y, Li Y. MicroRNA-130a and -130b enhance activation of hepatic stellate cells by suppressing PPARγ expression: A rat fibrosis model study. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 465:387-93. [PMID: 26255201 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are the primary sources of extracellular matrix (ECM) in normal and fibrotic liver. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) maintains HSCs in a quiescent state, and its downregulation induces HSC activation. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) can induce PPARγ mRNA degradation, but the mechanism by which miRNAs regulate PPARγ in rat HSCs is unclear. This study aimed to investigate some miRNAs which putatively bind to the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of PPARγ mRNA, and increase expression of ECM genes in rat HSCs. In carbon tetrachloride injection (CCl4) and common bile duct ligation (CBDL) liver fibrosis models, miRNAs miR-130a, miR-130b, miR-301a, miR-27b and miR-340 levels were found to be increased and PPARγ expression decreased. Overexpression of miR-130a and miR-130b enhanced cell proliferation by involving Runx3. MiR-130a and miR-130b decreased PPARγ expression by targeting the 3'-UTR of PPARγ mRNA in rat HSC-T6 cells. Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) may mediate miR-130a and miR-130b overexpression, PPARγ downregulation, and ECM genes overexpression in cell culture. These findings suggest that miR-130a and miR-130b are involved in downregulation of PPARγ in liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Lu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.157, West 5th Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, China
| | - Jinlong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.157, West 5th Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, China
| | - Hongwei Lu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.157, West 5th Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, China
| | - Guoyu Zhang
- West Hospital Ward 1, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, No.256, Youyi Road(west), Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.157, West 5th Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, China
| | - Jiazhong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.157, West 5th Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, China
| | - Yafei Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.157, West 5th Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, China
| | - Hao Shang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.157, West 5th Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, China
| | - Hong Ji
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.157, West 5th Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.157, West 5th Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, China
| | - Yanxia Duan
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.157, West 5th Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, China
| | - Yiming Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.157, West 5th Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, China.
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Abstract
Human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV)-1 is a human retrovirus and the etiological agent of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL), a fatal malignancy of CD4/CD25+ T lymphocytes. In recent years, cellular as well as virus-encoded microRNA (miRNA) have been shown to deregulate signaling pathways to favor virus life cycle. HTLV-1 does not encode miRNA, but several studies have demonstrated that cellular miRNA expression is affected in infected cells. Distinct mechanisms such as transcriptional, epigenetic or interference with miRNA processing machinery have been involved. This article reviews the current knowledge of the role of cellular microRNAs in virus infection, replication, immune escape and pathogenesis of HTLV-1.
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Ruedel A, Dietrich P, Schubert T, Hofmeister S, Hellerbrand C, Bosserhoff AK. Expression and function of microRNA-188-5p in activated rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2015; 8:6607-6616. [PMID: 26261542 PMCID: PMC4525876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Activated synovial fibroblasts in rheumatoid arthritis (RASF) play a critical role in the pathology of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Recent studies suggested that deregulation of microRNAs (miRs) affects the development and progression of RA. Therefore, we aimed to identify de-regulated miRs in RASF and to identify target genes that may contribute to the aggressive phenotype of RASF. Quantitative real-time PCR revealed a marked downregulation of miR-188-5p in synovial tissue samples of RA patients as well as in RASF. Exposure to the cytokine interleukine-1β lead to a further downregulation of miR-188-5p expression levels compared to control cells. Re-expression of miR-188-5p in RASF by transient transfection significantly inhibited cell migration. However, miR-188-5p re-expression had no effects on glycosaminoglycan degradation or expression of repellent factors, which have been previously shown to affect the invasive behavior of RASF. In search for target genes of miR-188-5p in RASF we performed gene expression profiling in RASF and found a strong regulatory effect of miR-188-5p on the hyaluronan binding protein KIAA1199 as well as collagens COL1A1 and COL12A1, which was confirmed by qRT-PCR. In silico analysis revealed that KIAA1199 carries a 3'UTR binding site for miR-188-5p. COL1A1 and COL12A1 showed no binding site in the mRNA region, suggesting an indirect regulation of these two genes by miR-188-5p. In summary, our study showed that miR-188-5p is down-regulated in RA in vitro and in vivo, most likely triggered by an inflammatory environment. MiR-188-5p expression is correlated to the activation state of RASF and inhibits migration of these cells. Furthermore, miR-188-5p is directly and indirectly regulating the expression of genes, which may play a role in extracellular matrix formation and destruction in RA. Herewith, this study identified potential novel therapeutic targets to inhibit the development and progression of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke Ruedel
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Regensburg Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Peter Dietrich
- Institute for Biochemistry, Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University Erlangen Fahrstraße 17, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas Schubert
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Erlangen Krankenhausstr.12, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Simone Hofmeister
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Regensburg Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Claus Hellerbrand
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Regensburg Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Anja Katrin Bosserhoff
- Institute for Biochemistry, Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University Erlangen Fahrstraße 17, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
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Ruedel A, Dietrich P, Schubert T, Hofmeister S, Hellerbrand C, Bosserhoff AK. Expression and function of microRNA-188-5p in activated rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2015; 8:4953-4962. [PMID: 26191188 PMCID: PMC4503060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Activated synovial fibroblasts in rheumatoid arthritis (RASF) play a critical role in the pathology of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Recent studies suggested that deregulation of microRNAs (miRs) affects the development and progression of RA. Therefore, we aimed to identify de-regulated miRs in RASF and to identify target genes that may contribute to the aggressive phenotype of RASF. Quantitative real-time PCR revealed a marked downregulation of miR-188-5p in synovial tissue samples of RA patients as well as in RASF. Exposure to the cytokine interleukine-1β lead to a further downregulation of miR-188-5p expression levels compared to control cells. Re-expression of miR-188-5p in RASF by transient transfection significantly inhibited cell migration. However, miR-188-5p re-expression had no effects on glycosaminoglycan degradation or expression of repellent factors, which have been previously shown to affect the invasive behavior of RASF. In search for target genes of miR-188-5p in RASF we performed gene expression profiling in RASF and found a strong regulatory effect of miR-188-5p on the hyaluronan binding protein KIAA1199 as well as collagens COL1A1 and COL12A1, which was confirmed by qRT-PCR. In silico analysis revealed that KIAA1199 carries a 3'UTR binding site for miR-188-5p. COL1A1and COL12A1 showed no binding site in the mRNA region, suggesting an indirect regulation of these two genes by miR-188-5p. In summary, our study showed that miR-188-5p is down-regulated in RA in vitro and in vivo, most likely triggered by an inflammatory environment. MiR-188-5p expression is correlated to the activation state of RASF and inhibits migration of these cells. Furthermore, miR-188-5p is directly and indirectly regulating the expression of genes, which may play a role in extracellular matrix formation and destruction in RA. Herewith, this study identified potential novel therapeutic targets to inhibit the development and progression of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke Ruedel
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital RegensburgFranz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Peter Dietrich
- Institute for Biochemistry, Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Emil-Fischer Zentrum, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-NürnbergFahrstraße 17, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas Schubert
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of ErlangenKrankenhausstr.12, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Simone Hofmeister
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital RegensburgFranz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Claus Hellerbrand
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital RegensburgFranz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Anja-Katrin Bosserhoff
- Institute for Biochemistry, Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Emil-Fischer Zentrum, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-NürnbergFahrstraße 17, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
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Han F, Konkalmatt P, Chen J, Gildea J, Felder RA, Jose PA, Armando I. MiR-217 mediates the protective effects of the dopamine D2 receptor on fibrosis in human renal proximal tubule cells. Hypertension 2015; 65:1118-25. [PMID: 25801876 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.114.05096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Lack or downregulation of the dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) increases the vulnerability to renal inflammation independent of blood pressure in mice. Common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs6276, 6277, and 1800497 in the human D2R gene are associated with decreased receptor expression/function and hypertension. Human renal proximal tubule cells from subjects carrying these SNPs have decreased D2R expression and increased expression of profibrotic factors and production of extracellular matrix proteins. We tested the hypothesis that the D2R mediates these effects by regulating micro-RNA expression. In cells carrying D2R SNPs, micro-RNAs (miRs)-217, miR-224, miR-335, and miR-1265 were downregulated, whereas miR-1290 was upregulated >4-fold compared with those carrying D2R wild-type alleles. However, only miR-217 was directly regulated by D2R expression. In cells carrying D2R wild-type, miR-217 inhibitor increased the expression of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, matrix metalloproteinase 3, fibronectin 1, and collagen 1a, whereas miR-217 mimic had the opposite effect. In cells carrying D2R SNPs, miR-217 mimic also decreased the expression of TGFβ1 and its targets. Wnt5a, a miR-217 target, was increased in cells carrying D2R SNPs and decreased by miR-217 mimic but increased by miR-217 inhibitor in both cell types. In cells carrying D2R wild-type, Wnt5a treatment increased TGFβ1 while silencing Ror2, a Wnt5a receptor, decreased TGFβ1 and blunted the Wnt5a-induced increase in cells carrying D2R wild-type. Our results show that renal proximal tubule cells from subjects carrying D2R SNPs resulting in D2R downregulation have increased TGFβ1 that is mediated by decreased regulation of the miR-217-Wnt5a-Ror2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Han
- From the Kidney Disease Center, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China (F.H., J.C.); Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine (P.K., P.A.J., I.A.) and Department of Physiology (P.A.J.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; and Department of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville (J.G., R.A.F.)
| | - Prasad Konkalmatt
- From the Kidney Disease Center, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China (F.H., J.C.); Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine (P.K., P.A.J., I.A.) and Department of Physiology (P.A.J.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; and Department of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville (J.G., R.A.F.)
| | - Jianghua Chen
- From the Kidney Disease Center, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China (F.H., J.C.); Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine (P.K., P.A.J., I.A.) and Department of Physiology (P.A.J.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; and Department of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville (J.G., R.A.F.)
| | - John Gildea
- From the Kidney Disease Center, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China (F.H., J.C.); Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine (P.K., P.A.J., I.A.) and Department of Physiology (P.A.J.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; and Department of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville (J.G., R.A.F.)
| | - Robin A Felder
- From the Kidney Disease Center, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China (F.H., J.C.); Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine (P.K., P.A.J., I.A.) and Department of Physiology (P.A.J.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; and Department of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville (J.G., R.A.F.)
| | - Pedro A Jose
- From the Kidney Disease Center, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China (F.H., J.C.); Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine (P.K., P.A.J., I.A.) and Department of Physiology (P.A.J.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; and Department of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville (J.G., R.A.F.)
| | - Ines Armando
- From the Kidney Disease Center, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China (F.H., J.C.); Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine (P.K., P.A.J., I.A.) and Department of Physiology (P.A.J.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; and Department of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville (J.G., R.A.F.)
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Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) agonist inhibits collagen synthesis in human hypertrophic scar fibroblasts by targeting Smad3 via miR-145. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 459:49-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.02.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Shimozono R, Nishimura K, Akiyama H, Funamoto S, Izawa A, Sai T, Kunita K, Kainoh M, Suzuki T, Kawada N. Interferon-β Mediates Signaling Pathways Uniquely Regulated in Hepatic Stellate Cells and Attenuates the Progression of Hepatic Fibrosis in a Dietary Mouse Model. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2015; 35:464-73. [PMID: 25715168 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2014.0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The results of clinical and experimental studies suggest that type I interferons (IFNs) may have direct antifibrotic activity in addition to their antiviral properties. However, the mechanisms are still unclear; in particular, little is known about the antifibrotic activity of IFN-β and how its activity is distinct from that of IFN-α. Using DNA microarrays, we demonstrated that gene expression in TWNT-4 cells, an activated human hepatic stellate cell line, was remarkably altered by IFN-β more than by IFN-α. Integrated pathway enrichment analyses revealed that a variety of IFN-β-mediated signaling pathways are uniquely regulated in TWNT-4 cells, including those related to cell cycle and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling. To investigate the antifibrotic activity of IFN-β and the involvement of TLR4 signaling in vivo, we used mice fed a choline-deficient l-amino acid-defined diet as a model of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis-related hepatic fibrosis. In this model, the administration of IFN-β significantly attenuated augmentation of the area of liver fibrosis, with accompanying transcriptional downregulation of the TLR4 adaptor molecule MyD88. Our results provide important clues for understanding the mechanisms of the preferential antifibrotic activity of IFN-β and suggest that IFN-β itself, as well as being a modulator of its unique signaling pathway, may be a potential treatment for patients with hepatic fibrosis in a pathogenesis-independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rieko Shimozono
- 1 Pharmaceutical Research Laboratory, Toray Industries, Inc. , Kamakura, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kazumi Nishimura
- 1 Pharmaceutical Research Laboratory, Toray Industries, Inc. , Kamakura, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hideo Akiyama
- 2 New Projects Development Division, Toray Industries, Inc. , Kamakura, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Saeko Funamoto
- 3 Department of Bio Research, Kamakura Techno-Science, Inc. , Kamakura, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Akiko Izawa
- 1 Pharmaceutical Research Laboratory, Toray Industries, Inc. , Kamakura, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takafumi Sai
- 1 Pharmaceutical Research Laboratory, Toray Industries, Inc. , Kamakura, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kana Kunita
- 1 Pharmaceutical Research Laboratory, Toray Industries, Inc. , Kamakura, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Mie Kainoh
- 1 Pharmaceutical Research Laboratory, Toray Industries, Inc. , Kamakura, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Suzuki
- 1 Pharmaceutical Research Laboratory, Toray Industries, Inc. , Kamakura, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Norifumi Kawada
- 4 Department of Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University , Abeno, Osaka, Japan
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Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous short non-coding RNAs that regulate most of important cellular processes by inhibiting gene expression through the post-transcriptional repression of their target mRNAs. In kidneys, miRNAs have been associated in renal development, homeostasis, and physiological functions. Results from clinical and experimental animal studies demonstrate that miRNAs play essential roles in the pathogenesis of various renal diseases. Chronic kidney diseases (CKD) is characterized by renal fibrosis. Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) is recognized as a major mediator of renal fibrosis because it is able to stimulate the accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins to impair normal kidney function. Recently, emerging evidence demonstrate the relationship between TGF-β signaling and miRNAs expression during renal diseases. TGF-β regulates expression of several microRNAs, such as miR-21, miR-192, miR-200, miR-433, and miR-29. MiR-21, miR-192, and miR-433 which are positively induced by TGF-β signaling play a pathological role in kidney diseases. In contrast, members in both miR-29 and miR-200 families which are inhibited by TGF-β signaling protect kidneys from renal fibrosis by suppressing the deposition of ECM and preventing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, respectively. Clinically, the presence of miRNAs in blood and urine has been examined to be early biomarkers for detecting renal diseases. From experimental animal studies of CKD, targeting microRNAs also provides evidence about therapeutic potential of miRNAs during renal diseases. Now, it comes to the stage to examine the exact mechanisms of miRNAs during the initiation and progression of renal diseases. Therefore, determining the function of miRNAs in renal fibrosis may facilitate the development of both early diagnosis and treatment of renal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur C-K Chung
- Partner State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University Hong Kong, China ; HKBU Institute for Research and Continuing Education Shenzhen, China
| | - Hui Y Lan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong, China
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Sodium valproate ameliorates diabetes-induced fibrosis and renal damage by the inhibition of histone deacetylases in diabetic rat. Exp Mol Pathol 2015; 98:230-9. [PMID: 25576297 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2015.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Revised: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent reports emphasize the contribution of histone deacetylases (HDACs) in the pathogenesis of diabetic renal injury and fibrosis. Valproic acid (VPA) is a first-line drug used for the treatment of epilepsy and migraine as well as established as a HDAC inhibitor. The present study was aimed to evaluate the anti-fibrotic and renoprotective effects of VPA in diabetic nephropathy (DN). Diabetes was induced by single injection of STZ (50mg/kg), whereas VPA at the doses of 150 and 300mg/kg/day was administered for 8 consecutive weeks by oral route in Sprague Dawley rats. The renal injuries and fibrosis were assessed by histology, fibrosis specific staining and fibroblast activation by a transmission electron microscope, while expression of proteins of interest was evaluated by western blotting and immunohistochemistry. VPA treatment ameliorated the histological alterations as well as fibrosis, and decreased the expression of TGF-β1, CTGF, α-SMA, fibronectin, collagen I, COX-2, ICAM-1 and HDAC4/5/7. Further, VPA treatment significantly increased histone H3 acetylation and MMP-2 expression. The present study clearly established that VPA treatment ameliorates the renal injury and fibrosis in diabetic kidney by preventing the myofibroblast activation and fibrogenesis by HDAC inhibition and associated mechanisms, thereby improving the profibrotic and anti-fibrotic protein balance.
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Park JT, Kato M, Lanting L, Castro N, Nam BY, Wang M, Kang SW, Natarajan R. Repression of let-7 by transforming growth factor-β1-induced Lin28 upregulates collagen expression in glomerular mesangial cells under diabetic conditions. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2014; 307:F1390-403. [PMID: 25354942 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00458.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of mesangial extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins such as collagen type 1-α2 (Col1a2) and collagen type 4-α1 (Col4a1) is a key feature of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 plays important roles in ECM accumulation in DN, and evidence shows a mediatory role for microRNAs. In the present study, we found that microRNA let-7 family members (let-7b/c/d/g/i) were downregulated in TGF-β-treated mouse mesangial cells (MMCs) along with upregulation of Col1a2 and Col4a1. Ectopic expression of let-7b in TGF-β-treated MMCs attenuated Col1a2 and Col4a1 upregulation. Conversely, let-7b inhibitors increased Col1a2 and Col4a1 levels. Cotransfection of MMCs with mouse Col1a2 or Col4a1 3'-untranslated region luciferase constructs and let-7b inhibitors increased luciferase activity. However, constructs with let-7 target site mutations were unresponsive to TGF-β. TGF-β-induced 3'-untranslated region activity was attenuated by let-7b mimics, suggesting that Col1a2 and Col4a1 are direct targets of let-7b. In addition, Lin28b, a negative regulator of let-7 biogenesis, was upregulated in TGF-β-treated MMCs. Luciferase assays showed that the Lin28b promoter containing the Smad-binding element (SBE) responded to TGF-β, which was abolished in constructs without SBE. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays showed TGF-β-induced enrichment of Smad2/3 at the Lin28b promoter, together suggesting that Lin28b is transcriptionally induced by TGF-β through SBE. Furthermore, let-7b levels were decreased, whereas Lin28b, Col1a2, and Col4a1 levels were increased, in glomeruli of diabetic mice compared with nondiabetic control mice, demonstrating the in vivo relevance of this Lin28/let-7/collagen axis. These results identify Lin28 as a new TGF-β target gene and suggest a novel role for the Lin28/let-7 pathway in controlling TGF-β-induced collagen accumulation in DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Tak Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; and Division of Molecular Diabetes Research, Department of Diabetes, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Mitsuo Kato
- Division of Molecular Diabetes Research, Department of Diabetes, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Linda Lanting
- Division of Molecular Diabetes Research, Department of Diabetes, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Nancy Castro
- Division of Molecular Diabetes Research, Department of Diabetes, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Bo Young Nam
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; and
| | - Mei Wang
- Division of Molecular Diabetes Research, Department of Diabetes, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Shin-Wook Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; and
| | - Rama Natarajan
- Division of Molecular Diabetes Research, Department of Diabetes, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California
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