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Calcatera SM, Reicks D, Pratt SL. Novel and differentially abundant microRNAs in sperm cells, seminal plasma, and serum of boars due to porcine reproduction and respiratory syndrome virus infection. Anim Reprod Sci 2018; 199:60-71. [PMID: 30455097 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to identify and determine relative abundance of miRNAs in boar sperm, seminal plasma (SP), and serum pre- and post-viral infection. Functional enrichment analyses on predicted targets of miRNAs of interest were performed. Boars (n = 6) were inoculated with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSv) strain 1-8-4 (Day 0). Semen and serum were collected on Day -2 and 6. Sperm and SP were separated and aliquots were flash frozen and stored at -80 °C. Serum was frozen and stored at -80 °C. Total RNA was isolated from sperm and SP samples and subjected to RNA sequencing. Microarray analysis was performed using the Day -2 and 6 RNA samples from serum, sperm and SP. Potential miRNA targets were predicted using miRanda 3.3a and targets were then analyzed for enrichment of Gene Ontology) and InterPro terms and were considered to be enriched if P < 0.01 using the Bonferroni correction. Microarray analyses resulted in 83, 13, and 10 miRNAs with differences in abundances in sperm, serum, and SP, respectively, when comparing Day -2 and 6. Results from enrichment analyses indicated that the predicted targets of 35, nine, and five miRNAs with differences in abundances for sperm, SP, and serum, respectively, that have functions and/or conserved protein domains that are enriched when compared to the pig genome. Enriched terms for P2X purinoceptors were identified for sperm, SP and serum. Enriched terms for cell adhesion were identified for sperm and serum transcripts. Enriched terms for cell signaling were identified for sperm and SP transcripts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha M Calcatera
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, United States
| | - Darwin Reicks
- P.O. Box 314, 314 S. 3rd St., St. Peter, MN, 5608, United States
| | - Scott L Pratt
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, United States.
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Fereshteh Z, Schmidt SA, Al-Dossary AA, Accerbi M, Arighi C, Cowart J, Song JL, Green PJ, Choi K, Yoo S, Martin-DeLeon PA. Murine Oviductosomes (OVS) microRNA profiling during the estrous cycle: Delivery of OVS-borne microRNAs to sperm where miR-34c-5p localizes at the centrosome. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16094. [PMID: 30382141 PMCID: PMC6208369 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34409-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Oviductosomes (OVS) are nano-sized extracellular vesicles secreted in the oviductal luminal fluid by oviductal epithelial cells and known to be involved in sperm capacitation and fertility. Although they have been shown to transfer encapsulated proteins to sperm, cargo constituents other than proteins have not been identified. Using next-generation sequencing, we demonstrate that OVS are carriers of microRNAs (miRNAs), with 272 detected throughout the estrous cycle. Of the 50 most abundant, 6 (12%) and 2 (4%) were expressed at significantly higher levels (P < 0.05) at metestrus/diestrus and proestrus/estrus. RT-qPCR showed that selected miRNAs are present in oviductal epithelial cells in significantly (P < 0.05) lower abundance than in OVS, indicating selective miRNA packaging. The majority (64%) of the top 25 OVS miRNAs are present in sperm. These miRNAs’ potential target list is enriched with transcription factors, transcription regulators, and protein kinases and there are several embryonic developmentally-related genes. Importantly, OVS can deliver to sperm miRNAs, including miR-34c-5p which is essential for the first cleavage and is solely sperm-derived in the zygote. Z-stack of confocal images of sperm co-incubated with OVS loaded with labeled miRNAs showed the intracellular location of the delivered miRNAs. Interestingly, individual miRNAs were predominantly localized in specific head compartments, with miR-34c-5p being highly concentrated at the centrosome where it is known to function. These results, for the first time, demonstrate OVS’ ability to contribute to the sperm’s miRNA repertoire (an important role for solely sperm-derived zygotic miRNAs) and the physiological relevance of an OVS-borne miRNA that is delivered to sperm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Fereshteh
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Skye A Schmidt
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19711, USA
| | - Amal A Al-Dossary
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA.,Department of Biology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Monica Accerbi
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19711, USA
| | - Cecilia Arighi
- Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19711, USA
| | - Julie Cowart
- Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19711, USA
| | - Jia L Song
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Pamela J Green
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19711, USA
| | - Kyungmin Choi
- A.I. DuPont Hospital for Children, 1600 Rockland Rd, Wilmington, Delaware, 19803, USA
| | - Soonmoon Yoo
- A.I. DuPont Hospital for Children, 1600 Rockland Rd, Wilmington, Delaware, 19803, USA
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DeLeo AM, Ikezu T. Extracellular Vesicle Biology in Alzheimer's Disease and Related Tauopathy. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2018; 13:292-308. [PMID: 29185187 PMCID: PMC5972041 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-017-9768-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are physiological vesicles secreted from most eukaryotes and contain cargos of their cell of origin. EVs, and particularly a subset of EV known as exosomes, are emerging as key mediators of cell to cell communication and waste management for cells both during normal organismal function and in disease. In this review, we investigate the rapidly growing field of exosome biology, their biogenesis, cargo loading, and uptake by other cells. We particularly consider the role of exosomes in Alzheimer's disease, both as a pathogenic agent and as a disease biomarker. We also explore the emerging role of exosomes in chronic traumatic encephalopathy. Finally, we highlight open questions in these fields and the possible use of exosomes as therapeutic targets and agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annina M DeLeo
- Laboratory of Molecular NeuroTherapeutics, Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord St, L-606, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
| | - Tsuneya Ikezu
- Laboratory of Molecular NeuroTherapeutics, Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord St, L-606, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
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Simon C, Greening DW, Bolumar D, Balaguer N, Salamonsen LA, Vilella F. Extracellular Vesicles in Human Reproduction in Health and Disease. Endocr Rev 2018; 39:292-332. [PMID: 29390102 DOI: 10.1210/er.2017-00229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Extensive evidence suggests that the release of membrane-enclosed compartments, more commonly known as extracellular vesicles (EVs), is a potent newly identified mechanism of cell-to-cell communication both in normal physiology and in pathological conditions. This review presents evidence about the formation and release of different EVs, their definitive markers and cargo content in reproductive physiological processes, and their capacity to convey information between cells through the transfer of functional protein and genetic information to alter phenotype and function of recipient cells associated with reproductive biology. In the male reproductive tract, epididymosomes and prostasomes participate in regulating sperm motility activation, capacitation, and acrosome reaction. In the female reproductive tract, follicular fluid, oviduct/tube, and uterine cavity EVs are considered as vehicles to carry information during oocyte maturation, fertilization, and embryo-maternal crosstalk. EVs via their cargo might be also involved in the triggering, maintenance, and progression of reproductive- and obstetric-related pathologies such as endometriosis, polycystic ovarian syndrome, preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, and erectile dysfunction. In this review, we provide current knowledge on the present and future use of EVs not only as biomarkers, but also as therapeutic targeting agents, mainly as vectors for drug or compound delivery into target cells and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Simon
- Igenomix Foundation, Valencia, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Clínico (INCLIVA), Valencia, Spain.,Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Valencia University, Valencia, Spain.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
| | - David W Greening
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David Bolumar
- Igenomix Foundation, Valencia, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Clínico (INCLIVA), Valencia, Spain
| | - Nuria Balaguer
- Igenomix Foundation, Valencia, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Clínico (INCLIVA), Valencia, Spain
| | - Lois A Salamonsen
- Centre for Reproductive Health, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Felipe Vilella
- Igenomix Foundation, Valencia, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Clínico (INCLIVA), Valencia, Spain.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
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Abstract
Millions or billions of sperm are deposited by artificial insemination or natural mating into the cow reproductive tract but only a few arrive at the site of fertilization and only one fertilizes an oocyte. The remarkable journey that successful sperm take to reach an oocyte is long and tortuous, and includes movement through viscous fluid, avoiding dead ends and hostile immune cells. The privileged collection of sperm that complete this journey must pass selection steps in the vagina, cervix, uterus, utero-tubal junction and oviduct. In many locations in the female reproductive tract, sperm interact with the epithelium and the luminal fluid, which can affect sperm motility and function. Sperm must also be tolerated by the immune system of the female for an adequate time to allow fertilization to occur. This review emphasizes literature about cattle but also includes work in other species that emphasizes critical broad concepts. Although all parts of the female reproductive tract are reviewed, particular attention is given to the sperm destination, the oviduct.
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Lamy J, Nogues P, Combes-Soia L, Tsikis G, Labas V, Mermillod P, Druart X, Saint-Dizier M. Identification by proteomics of oviductal sperm-interacting proteins. Reproduction 2018. [PMID: 29540510 DOI: 10.1530/rep-17-0712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The interactions between oviductal fluid (OF) proteins and spermatozoa play major roles in sperm selection, storage and capacitation before fertilization. However, only a few sperm-interacting proteins in the OF has been identified and very little is known about the regulation of sperm-oviduct interactions across the estrous cycle. Samples of bovine frozen-thawed sperm from three bulls were incubated with OF at pre-, post-ovulatory stages (Pre-/Post-ov) or luteal phase (LP) of the estrous cycle (7 mg/mL proteins, treated groups) or with a protein-free media (control). The proteomes of sperm cells were assessed by nanoLC-MS/MS and quantified by label-free methods. A total of 27 sperm-interacting proteins originating in the OF were identified. Among those, 14 were detected at all stages, eight at Post-ov and LP and five only at LP. The sperm-interacting proteins detected at all stages or at LP and Post-ov were on average more abundant at LP than at other stages (P < 0.05). At Pre-ov, OVGP1 was the most abundant sperm-interacting protein while at Post-ov, ACTB, HSP27, MYH9, MYH14 and OVGP1 were predominant. Different patterns of abundance of sperm-interacting proteins related to the stage were evidenced, which greatly differed from those previously reported in the bovine OF. In conclusion, this study highlights the important regulations of sperm-oviduct interactions across the estrous cycle and provides new protein candidates that may modulate sperm functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Lamy
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements (PRC)UMR85, INRA, CNRS, Université de Tours, IFCE, Nouzilly, France
| | - Perrine Nogues
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements (PRC)UMR85, INRA, CNRS, Université de Tours, IFCE, Nouzilly, France
| | - Lucie Combes-Soia
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements (PRC)UMR85, INRA, CNRS, Université de Tours, IFCE, Nouzilly, France.,INRACIRE (Plate-forme de Chirurgie et d'Imagerie pour la Recherche et l'Enseignement), PAIB (Pôle d'Analyse et d'Imagerie des Biomolécules), Nouzilly, France
| | - Guillaume Tsikis
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements (PRC)UMR85, INRA, CNRS, Université de Tours, IFCE, Nouzilly, France
| | - Valérie Labas
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements (PRC)UMR85, INRA, CNRS, Université de Tours, IFCE, Nouzilly, France.,INRACIRE (Plate-forme de Chirurgie et d'Imagerie pour la Recherche et l'Enseignement), PAIB (Pôle d'Analyse et d'Imagerie des Biomolécules), Nouzilly, France
| | - Pascal Mermillod
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements (PRC)UMR85, INRA, CNRS, Université de Tours, IFCE, Nouzilly, France
| | - Xavier Druart
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements (PRC)UMR85, INRA, CNRS, Université de Tours, IFCE, Nouzilly, France
| | - Marie Saint-Dizier
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements (PRC)UMR85, INRA, CNRS, Université de Tours, IFCE, Nouzilly, France .,University of ToursFaculty of Sciences and Techniques, Tours, France
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57
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Wu KZ, Li K, Galileo DS, Martin-DeLeon PA. Junctional adhesion molecule A: expression in the murine epididymal tract and accessory organs and acquisition by maturing sperm. Mol Hum Reprod 2018; 23:132-140. [PMID: 28062807 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaw082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Is junctional adhesion molecule A (JAM-A), a sperm protein essential for normal motility, expressed in the murine post-testicular pathway and involved in sperm maturation? SUMMARY ANSWER JAM-A is present in the prostate and seminal vesicles and in all three regions of the epididymis where it is secreted in epididymosomes in the luminal fluid and can be delivered to sperm in vitro. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY JAM-A shares with the plasma membrane Ca2+ATPase 4 (PMCA4, the major Ca2+ efflux pump in murine sperm) a common interacting partner, CASK (Ca2+/CaM-dependent serine kinase). JAM-A, like PMCA4, plays a role in Ca2+ regulation, since deletion of Jam-A results in significantly elevated intracellular Ca2+ levels and reduced sperm motility. Recently, PMCA4 was reported to be expressed in the epididymis and along with CASK was shown to be in a complex on epididymosomes where it was transferred to sperm. Because of the association of JAM-A with CASK in sperm and because of the presence of PMCA4 and CASK in the epididymis, the present study was performed to determine whether JAM-A is expressed in the epididymis and delivered to sperm during their maturation. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION The epididymides, prostate and seminal vesicles were collected from sexually mature C57BL/6J and Institute for Cancer Research mice and antibodies specific for JAM-A and Ser285 -phosphorylated JAM-A (pJAM-A) were used for the analysis. Tissues, sperm and epididymal luminal fluid (ELF) were studied. Epididymosomes were also isolated for study. Caput and caudal sperm were co-incubated with ELF individually to determine their abilities to acquire JAM-A in vitro. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Sections of all three regions of the epididymis were subjected to indirect immunofluorescence analysis. Epididymal tissues, fluid, sperm, prostate and seminal vesicle tissues were analyzed for JAM-A and/or pJAM-A via western blotting analysis. The relative amounts of JAM-A and pJAM-A among epididymal tissues, ELF and sperm were detected by western blot via quantification of band intensities. Epididymosomes were isolated by ultracentrifugation of the ELF after it was clarified to remove cells and tissue fragments, and the proteins western blotted for JAM-A and pJAM-A, and exosomal biochemical markers. FACS analysis was used to quantify the amount of JAM-A present on caput and caudal sperm, as well as the amount of JAM-A acquired in vitro after their co-incubation with ELF. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Western blots revealed that JAM-A is expressed in all three regions of the epididymis, the prostate and seminal vesicles. As confirmed by indirect immunofluorescence, a western blot showed that JAM-A has a higher expression in the corpus and caudal regions, where it is significantly (P < 0.01) more abundant than in the caput. Both JAM-A and Ser285-phosphorylated JAM-A (pJAM-A) are secreted into the ELF where it is highest in the distal regions. In the ELF, both JAM-A and pJAM-A were detected in epididymosomes. Western blotting of sperm proteins showed a significant (P < 0.01) increase of JAM-A and pJAM-A in caudal, compared with caput, sperm. Flow-cytometric analysis confirmed the increase in JAM-A in caudal sperm where it was 1.4-fold higher than in caput ones. Co-incubation of caput and caudal sperm with ELF demonstrated ~2.3- and ~1.3-fold increases, respectively, in JAM-A levels indicating that epididymosomes transfer more JAM-A to caput sperm that are less saturated with the protein than caudal ones. LARGE SCALE DATA Not applicable. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION First, although the ELF was clarified prior to ultracentrifugation for epididymosome isolation, we cannot rule out contamination of the epididymosomal proteins by those from epididymal epithelial cells. Second, the JAM-A detected in the prostate and seminal vesicles might not necessarily be secreted from those organs and may only be present within the tissues, where it would be unable to impact sperm in the ejaculate. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Although performed in the mouse the study has implications for humans, as the highly conserved JAM-A is a signaling protein in human sperm. There is physiological significance to the finding that JAM-A, which regulates sperm motility and intracellular Ca2+, exists in elevated levels in the cauda where sperm gain motility and fertilizing ability. The study suggests that the acquisition of JAM-A in the epididymal tract is involved in the mechanism by which sperm gain their motility during epididymal maturation. This increased understanding of sperm physiology is important for aspects of ART. STUDY FUNDING AND COMPETING INTEREST(S) The work was supported by NIH-RO3HD073523 and NIH-5P20RR015588 grants to P.A.M.-D. The authors declare there are no conflicts of interests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathie Z Wu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, 219 Mckinly Lab, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Kun Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, 219 Mckinly Lab, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Deni S Galileo
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, 219 Mckinly Lab, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Patricia A Martin-DeLeon
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, 219 Mckinly Lab, Newark, DE 19716, USA
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Yu X, Noll RR, Romero Dueñas BP, Allgood SC, Barker K, Caplan JL, Machner MP, LaBaer J, Qiu J, Neunuebel MR. Legionella effector AnkX interacts with host nuclear protein PLEKHN1. BMC Microbiol 2018; 18:5. [PMID: 29433439 PMCID: PMC5809941 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-017-1147-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The intracellular bacterial pathogen Legionella pneumophila proliferates in human alveolar macrophages, resulting in a severe pneumonia termed Legionnaires’ disease. Throughout the course of infection, L. pneumophila remains enclosed in a specialized membrane compartment that evades fusion with lysosomes. The pathogen delivers over 300 effector proteins into the host cell, altering host pathways in a manner that sets the stage for efficient pathogen replication. The L. pneumophila effector protein AnkX targets host Rab GTPases and functions in preventing fusion of the Legionella-containing vacuole with lysosomes. However, the current understanding of AnkX’s interaction with host proteins and the means through which it exerts its cellular function is limited. Results Here, we investigated the protein interaction network of AnkX by using the nucleic acid programmable protein array (NAPPA), a high-density platform comprising 10,000 unique human ORFs. This approach facilitated the discovery of PLEKHN1 as a novel interaction partner of AnkX. We confirmed this interaction through multiple independent in vitro pull-down, co-immunoprecipitation, and cell-based assays. Structured illumination microscopy revealed that endogenous PLEKHN1 is found in the nucleus and on vesicular compartments, whereas ectopically produced AnkX co-localized with lipid rafts at the plasma membrane. In mammalian cells, HaloTag-AnkX co-localized with endogenous PLEKHN1 on vesicular compartments. A central fragment of AnkX (amino acids 491–809), containing eight ankyrin repeats, extensively co-localized with endogenous PLEKHN1, indicating that this region may harbor a new function. Further, we found that PLEKHN1 associated with multiple proteins involved in the inflammatory response. Conclusions Altogether, our study provides evidence that in addition to Rab GTPases, the L. pneumophila effector AnkX targets nuclear host proteins and suggests that AnkX may have novel functions related to manipulating the inflammatory response. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12866-017-1147-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences-Beijing (PHOENIX Center), Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Rebecca R Noll
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, 105 The Green, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Barbara P Romero Dueñas
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, 105 The Green, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Samual C Allgood
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, 105 The Green, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Kristi Barker
- Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Caplan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, 105 The Green, Newark, DE, 19716, USA.,Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, 19716, DE, USA
| | - Matthias P Machner
- Cell Biology and Neurobiology Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Joshua LaBaer
- Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Ji Qiu
- Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA.
| | - M Ramona Neunuebel
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, 105 The Green, Newark, DE, 19716, USA.
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Whitfield M, Guiton R, Rispal J, Acar N, Kocer A, Drevet JR, Saez F. Dyslipidemia alters sperm maturation and capacitation in LXR-null mice. Reproduction 2017; 154:827-842. [DOI: 10.1530/rep-17-0467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Lipid metabolism disorders (dyslipidemia) are causes of male infertility, but little is known about their impact on male gametes when considering post-testicular maturation events, given that studies concentrate most often on endocrine dysfunctions and testicular consequences. In this study, three-month-old wild-type (wt) and Liver-X-Receptors knock out (Lxrα;β−/−) males were fed four weeks with a control or a lipid-enriched diet containing 1.25% cholesterol (high cholesterol diet (HCD)). The HCD triggered a dyslipidemia leading to sperm post-testicular alterations and infertility. Sperm lipids were analyzed by LC–MS and those fromLxrα;β−/−males fed the HCD showed higher chol/PL and PC/PE ratios compared towt-HCD (P < 0.05) and lower oxysterol contents compared to wt (P < 0.05) orLxrα;β−/−(P < 0.05). These modifications impaired membrane-associated events triggering the tyrosine phosphorylation normally occurring during the capacitation process, as shown by phosphotyrosine Western blots. Using flow cytometry, we showed that a smaller subpopulation of spermatozoa fromLxrα;β−/−-HCD males could raise their membrane fluidity during capacitation (P < 0.05 vswtorwt-HCD) as well as their intracellular calcium concentration (P < 0.05 vsLxrα;β−/−andP < 0.001 vswt). The accumulation of the major sperm calcium efflux pump (PMCA4) was decreased inLxrα;β−/−males fed the HCD (P < 0.05 vsLxrα;β−/−andP < 0.001 vswt). This study is the first showing an impact of dyslipidemia on post-testicular sperm maturation with consequences on the capacitation signaling cascade. It may lead to the identification of fertility prognostic markers in this pathophysiological situation, which could help clinicians to better understand male infertilities which are thus far classified as idiopathic.
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Profiling of proteins secreted in the bovine oviduct reveals diverse functions of this luminal microenvironment. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188105. [PMID: 29155854 PMCID: PMC5695823 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The oviductal microenvironment is a site for key events that involve gamete maturation, fertilization and early embryo development. Secretions into the oviductal lumen by either the lining epithelium or by transudation of plasma constituents are known to contain elements conducive for reproductive success. Although previous studies have identified some of these factors involved in reproduction, knowledge of secreted proteins in the oviductal fluid remains rudimentary with limited definition of function even in extensively studied species like cattle. In this study, we used a shotgun proteomics approach followed by bioinformatics sequence prediction to identify secreted proteins present in the bovine oviductal fluid (ex vivo) and secretions from the bovine oviductal epithelial cells (in vitro). From a total of 2087 proteins identified, 266 proteins could be classified as secreted, 109 (41%) of which were common for both in vivo and in vitro conditions. Pathway analysis indicated different classes of proteins that included growth factors, metabolic regulators, immune modulators, enzymes, and extracellular matrix components. Functional analysis revealed mechanisms in the oviductal lumen linked to immune homeostasis, gamete maturation, fertilization and early embryo development. These results point to several novel components that work together with known elements mediating functional homeostasis, and highlight the diversity of machinery associated with oviductal physiology and early events in cattle fertility.
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61
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Pratt SL, Calcatera SM. Expression of microRNA in male reproductive tissues and their role in male fertility. Reprod Fertil Dev 2017; 29:24-31. [PMID: 28278790 DOI: 10.1071/rd16293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA (miRNA) are small non-coding RNA, approximately 22 nucleotides in length, that regulate gene expression through their ability to bind to mRNA. The role of miRNA in cellular and tissue development is well documented and their importance in male reproductive tissue development is actively being evaluated. They are present in spermatogonia, Sertoli and Leydig cells within the testis and are present in mature spermatozoa, indicating roles in normal testicular development, function and spermatogenesis. Their presence in spermatozoa has led to postulations about the roles of male miRNA during early embryonic development after fertilisation, including chromatin restructuring and possible epigenetic effects on embryo development. MiRNAs are also present in body fluids, such as blood serum, milk, ovarian follicular fluid and seminal fluid. Circulating miRNAs are stable, and aberrant expression of cellular or extracellular miRNA has been associated with multiple pathophysiological conditions, the most studied being numerous forms of cancer. Considering that miRNAs are present in spermatozoa and in seminal fluid, their stability and the relatively non-invasive procedures required to obtain these samples make miRNAs excellent candidates for use as biomarkers of male reproduction and fertility. Biomarkers, such as miRNAs, identifying fertile males would be of financial interest to the animal production industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Pratt
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634-0311, USA
| | - S M Calcatera
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634-0311, USA
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Huang A, Isobe N, Yoshimura Y. Changes in localization and density of CD63-positive exosome-like substances in the hen oviduct with artificial insemination and their effect on sperm viability. Theriogenology 2017; 101:135-143. [PMID: 28708510 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 06/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Avian sperm are stored in the sperm storage tubules (SSTs) of the hen oviduct for a prolonged period. However, the precise mechanisms by which sperm are kept alive in the SSTs are still not fully understood. The aim of this study was to determine whether exosomes are secreted by SST cells and play a role in the survival of sperm. Utero-vaginal junction (UVJ) tissue from approximately 50 wk old White Leghorn hens was collected before (control group) and after intravaginal insemination with seminal plasma (SP group) or semen (AI group). The samples were used to prepare frozen sections and total protein extraction. The localization of the CD63, an exosome marker, was determined by immunohistochemistry and its protein level in the UVJ mucosal tissues was examined by Western blot. Exosomes were isolated from the culture media of UVJ and vaginal mucosa cells by ultracentrifugation and characterized by SDS-PAGE and Western blot. The viability and motility of sperm incubated with exosomes were also examined. CD63 was localized in the apical region of UVJ mucosal epithelium cells and SST cells of control, SP, and AI groups. The CD63 protein decreased in SST cells surrounding resident sperm and tended to appear in the SST lumen in the AI group. The protein level of CD63 in UVJ mucosal tissues was significantly higher in the AI group than control. The CD63 protein (approximately 75 kDa) was detected in ultracentrifugation pellets from the culture medium of UVJ and vagina cells. The viability of sperm incubated with 1 μg/μl vaginal exosomes was significantly decreased but was not affected by UVJ exosomes. These results suggest that exosomes were synthesized by SST cells and may be secreted into SST lumen when sperm were stored in SSTs. The role of SST exosomes in sperm storage needs to be examined further.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Huang
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
| | - N Isobe
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan; Research Center for Animal Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
| | - Y Yoshimura
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan; Research Center for Animal Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan.
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63
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Osycka‐Salut CE, Castellano L, Fornes D, Beltrame JS, Alonso CA, Jawerbaum A, Franchi A, Díaz ES, Perez Martinez S. Fibronectin From Oviductal Cells Fluctuates During the Estrous Cycle and Contributes to Sperm–Oviduct Interaction in Cattle. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:4095-4108. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia E. Osycka‐Salut
- Laboratorio de Biotecnologías Reproductivas y Mejoramiento Genético Animal (IIB‐INTECH Dr. Rodolfo UgaldeCONICET/UNSAM)Buenos AiresArgentina
- Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción en Mamíferos(CEFYBO‐CONICET/UBA)Buenos AiresArgentina
| | - Luciana Castellano
- Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción en Mamíferos(CEFYBO‐CONICET/UBA)Buenos AiresArgentina
| | - Daiana Fornes
- Laboratorio de Reproducción y Metabolismo(CEFYBO‐CONICET/UBA)Buenos AiresArgentina
| | - Jimena S. Beltrame
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Farmacología de la Reproducción(CEFYBO‐CONICET/UBA)Buenos AiresArgentina
| | - Carlos A.I. Alonso
- Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción en Mamíferos(CEFYBO‐CONICET/UBA)Buenos AiresArgentina
| | - Alicia Jawerbaum
- Laboratorio de Reproducción y Metabolismo(CEFYBO‐CONICET/UBA)Buenos AiresArgentina
| | - Ana Franchi
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología de la Preñez y el Parto(CEFYBO‐CONICET/UBA)Buenos AiresArgentina
| | - Emilce S. Díaz
- Laboratorio de Biología de la ReproducciónFacultad de Ciencias de la SaludUniversidad de AntofagastaAntofagastaChile
| | - Silvina Perez Martinez
- Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción en Mamíferos(CEFYBO‐CONICET/UBA)Buenos AiresArgentina
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Olli KE, Li K, Galileo DS, Martin-DeLeon PA. Plasma membrane calcium ATPase 4 (PMCA4) co-ordinates calcium and nitric oxide signaling in regulating murine sperm functional activity. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:11-22. [PMID: 28247940 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Reduced sperm motility (asthenospermia) and resulting infertility arise from deletion of the Plasma Membrane Ca2+ -ATPase 4 (Pmca4) gene which encodes the highly conserved Ca2+ efflux pump, PMCA4. This is the major Ca2+ clearance protein in murine sperm. Since the mechanism underlying asthenospermia in PMCA4's absence or reduced activity is unknown, we investigated if sperm PMCA4 negatively regulates nitric oxide synthases (NOSs) and when absent NO, peroxynitrite, and oxidative stress levels are increased. Using co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) and Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET), we show an association of PMCA4 with the NOSs in elevated cytosolic [Ca2+ ] in capacitated and Ca2+ ionophore-treated sperm and with neuronal (nNOS) at basal [Ca2+ ] (ucapacitated sperm). FRET efficiencies for PMCA4-eNOS were 35% and 23% in capacitated and uncapacitated sperm, significantly (p < 0.01) different, with the molecules being <10 nm apart. For PMCA4-nNOS, this interaction was seen only for capacitated sperm where FRET efficiency was 24%, significantly (p < 0.05) higher than in uncapacitated sperm (6%). PMCA4 and the NOSs were identified as interacting partners in a quaternary complex that includes Caveolin1, which co-immunoprecipitated with eNOS in a Ca2+ -dependent manner. In Pmca4-/- sperm NOS activity was elevated twofold in capacitated/uncapacitated sperm (vs. wild-type), accompanied by a twofold increase in peroxynitrite levels and significantly (p < 0.001) increased numbers of apoptotic germ cells. The data support a quaternary complex model in which PMCA4 co-ordinates Ca2+ and NO signaling to maintain motility, with increased NO levels resulting in asthenospermia in Pmca4-/- males. They suggest the involvement of PMCA4 mutations in human asthenospermia, with diagnostic relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine E Olli
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware
| | - Kun Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware
| | - Deni S Galileo
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware
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65
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Sharif M, Silva E, Shah STA, Miller DJ. Redistribution of soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive-factor attachment protein receptors in mouse sperm membranes prior to the acrosome reaction. Biol Reprod 2017; 96:352-365. [PMID: 28203732 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.116.143735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Formation of complexes between soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive-factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) proteins on opposing membranes is the minimal requirement for intracellular membrane fusion. The SNARE, syntaxin 2, is found on the sperm plasma membrane and a second SNARE, vesicle associated membrane protein 2 (VAMP2, also known as synaptobrevin 2, SYB2), is on the apposing outer acrosomal membrane. During the acrosome reaction, the outer acrosomal membrane fuses at hundreds of points with the plasma membrane. We hypothesized that syntaxin 2 and VAMP2 redistribute within their respective membranes prior to the acrosome reaction to form trans-SNARE complexes and promote membrane fusion. Immunofluorescence and superresolution structured illumination microscopy were used to localize syntaxin 2 and VAMP2 in mouse sperm during capacitation. Initially, syntaxin 2 was found in puncta throughout the acrosomal region. At 60 and 120 min of capacitation, syntaxin 2 was localized in puncta primarily in the apical ridge. Although deletion of bicarbonate during incubation had no effect, syntaxin 2 puncta were relocated in the restricted region in less than 20% of sperm incubated without albumin. In contrast, VAMP2 was already found in puncta within the apical ridge prior to capacitation. The puncta containing syntaxin 2 and VAMP2 did not precisely co-localize at 0 or 60 min of capacitation time. In summary, syntaxin 2 shifted its location to the apical ridge on the plasma membrane during capacitation in an albumin-dependent manner but VAMP2 was already localized to the apical ridge. Puncta containing VAMP2 did not co-localize with those containing syntaxin 2 during capacitation; therefore, formation of trans-SNARE complexes containing these SNAREs does not occur until after capacitation, immediately prior to acrosomal exocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Momal Sharif
- Institute of Animal Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Elena Silva
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1207 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Syed Tahir Abbas Shah
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1207 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - David J Miller
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1207 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL, USA
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Protocol for Exosome Isolation from Small Volume of Ovarian Follicular Fluid: Evaluation of Ultracentrifugation and Commercial Kits. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1660:321-341. [PMID: 28828668 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7253-1_26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The ovarian follicular fluid (FF) is a complex fluid that constitutes the microenvironment of developing follicles and contains factors secreted by the surrounding cells and blood plasma compounds that cross the "blood-follicle barrier." Upon oocyte retrieval (in human, bovine, and equine) the follicular fluid is normally discarded and represents a repertoire of cellular messages exchanged during follicle development, thus providing a suitable sample for performing oocyte quality diagnostics. Several studies report on the presence of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in FF from human, bovine and equine. Here, we describe the process of FF collection from human and bovine and the enrichment and isolation of EVs that we termed folliculosomes (FFEs), using available commercial kits as well as the traditional ultracentrifugation methods.
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67
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Franchi A, Cubilla M, Guidobaldi HA, Bravo AA, Giojalas LC. Uterosome-like vesicles prompt human sperm fertilizing capability. Mol Hum Reprod 2016; 22:833-841. [PMID: 27678485 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaw066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Does the rapid transit through the uterine environment modulate the sperm physiological state? SUMMARY ANSWER The uterosome-like vesicles (ULVs) secreted by endometrial epithelial cells (EECs) in vitro are able to fuse with human spermatozoa, prompting their fertilizing capacity. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Early studies suggest that sperm capacitation begins in the uterus and ends in the oviduct, and that a synergistic effect of both female organs may accelerate this process. Although it has been reported that co-incubation of human spermatozoa with endometrial cell-conditioned medium (CM) stimulates sperm capacitation, the mechanism mediating this communication is unknown. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Human ULVs secreted by EECs were characterized and their effect on human sperm physiology was analysed. Spermatozoa were incubated with EEC-derived CM or ULV, after which sperm capacitation was evaluated at different time points. In addition, the interaction of spermatozoa with ULV was analysed. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS ULVs were isolated by ultracentrifugation and identified using electron microscopy and Western blotting to assess the presence of specific protein markers. Following seminal plasma removal, human spermatozoa were incubated CM or ULV, after which sperm capacitation was evaluated as the ability of the sperm to undergo the induced acrosome reaction and the level of protein tyrosine phosphorylation (PY) determined by Western blot and immunocytochemistry. The interaction of spermatozoa with labelled ULV was analysed by fluorescence microscopy. In all cases, at least three biological replicates from different sperm donors were performed for each set of experiments. Significant differences between mean values were determined by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc test. Differences between treatments were considered statistically significant at P ≤ 0.05. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE The level of capacitated spermatozoa and those recruited by chemotaxis increased 3- to 4-fold when spermatozoa were incubated in the presence of CM for 4 h. Even a 15 min incubation of spermatozoa with CM was also enough to increase the level of capacitated cells 3- to 4-fold (P < 0.05). Furthermore, a short co-incubation of spermatozoa with ULV stimulates sperm capacitation, as determined by the increase in the level of induced acrosome reaction and the induction of PY. In addition, after the co-incubation of spermatozoa with fluorescent labelled ULV, the sperm cells acquired the fluorescent staining which indicates that ULV might be transferred to the sperm surface by a fusion mechanism. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION This is an in vitro study performed with human biological material, spermatozoa and endometrial derived cells; the latter being a cell line originally isolated from a uterine adenocarcinoma. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS The capability of spermatozoa to briefly interact with ULVs supports the hypothesis that any step of sperm transport may have physiological consequences, despite the interaction lasting for only a limited period of time. This way of communication of spermatozoa with cell products of uterine origin opens new frontiers of investigation (e.g. the signalling molecules involved), shedding light on the sperm processes that prepare the male gamete for fertilization, which might have implications for human infertility treatment. LARGE SCALE DATA N/A. STUDY FUNDING AND COMPETING INTERESTS The project was financially supported by SECyT-UNC. The authors declare no conflict of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Franchi
- Centro de Biología Celular y Molecular (FCEFN-UNC) and Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET-UNC), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Av. Vélez Sarsfield 1611, 5016 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - M Cubilla
- Centro de Biología Celular y Molecular (FCEFN-UNC) and Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET-UNC), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Av. Vélez Sarsfield 1611, 5016 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - H A Guidobaldi
- Centro de Biología Celular y Molecular (FCEFN-UNC) and Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET-UNC), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Av. Vélez Sarsfield 1611, 5016 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - A A Bravo
- Centro de Biología Celular y Molecular (FCEFN-UNC) and Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET-UNC), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Av. Vélez Sarsfield 1611, 5016 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - L C Giojalas
- Centro de Biología Celular y Molecular (FCEFN-UNC) and Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET-UNC), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Av. Vélez Sarsfield 1611, 5016 Córdoba, Argentina
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68
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Nguyen HPT, Simpson RJ, Salamonsen LA, Greening DW. Extracellular Vesicles in the Intrauterine Environment: Challenges and Potential Functions. Biol Reprod 2016; 95:109. [PMID: 27655784 PMCID: PMC5333933 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.116.143503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes (30–150 nm) and microvesicles (100–1500 nm), play important roles in mediating cell-cell communication. Such particles package distinct cargo elements, including lipids, proteins, mRNAs, microRNAs, and DNA, that vary depending on the cell of origin and its phenotype. This cargo can be horizontally transferred to target cells where its components can reprogram the recipient cell to modify its function. EVs have been identified within the uterine cavity of women, sheep, and mice, where they contribute to the microenvironment of sperm transport, and of blastocyst and endometrial preparation for implantation. It is likely that exosomes and microvesicles carry different cargo and coordinate different roles in this intrauterine environment. Understanding and defining these subtypes of EVs is important for future functional studies and clinical translation. Here we critically review the various purification and validation procedures for extracellular vesicle analysis and discuss what is known of endometrial-derived exosome cargo and of their hormonal regulation. The current knowledge of the functions of uterine exosomes, with respect to sperm transport and function, and of their actions on trophectodermal cells to promote implantation are summarized and evaluated in their physiological context. Given the potential importance of this form of cell-cell interactions within the reproductive tract, the critical issues discussed will guide new insights in this rapidly expanding field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong P T Nguyen
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research (previously Prince Henry's Institute), Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Richard J Simpson
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lois A Salamonsen
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research (previously Prince Henry's Institute), Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - David W Greening
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Characterisation of mouse epididymosomes reveals a complex profile of microRNAs and a potential mechanism for modification of the sperm epigenome. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31794. [PMID: 27549865 PMCID: PMC4994100 DOI: 10.1038/srep31794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence has shown that the sperm epigenome is vulnerable to dynamic modifications arising from a variety of paternal environment exposures and that this legacy can serve as an important determinant of intergenerational inheritance. It has been postulated that such exchange is communicated to maturing spermatozoa via the transfer of small non-protein-coding RNAs (sRNAs) in a mechanism mediated by epididymosomes; small membrane bound vesicles released by the soma of the male reproductive tract (epididymis). Here we confirm that mouse epididymosomes encapsulate an impressive cargo of >350 microRNAs (miRNAs), a developmentally important sRNA class, the majority (~60%) of which are also represented by the miRNA signature of spermatozoa. This includes >50 miRNAs that were found exclusively in epididymal sperm and epididymosomes, but not in the surrounding soma. We also documented substantial changes in the epididymosome miRNA cargo, including significant fold changes in almost half of the miRNAs along the length of the epididymis. Finally, we provide the first direct evidence for the transfer of several prominent miRNA species between mouse epididymosomes and spermatozoa to afford novel insight into a mechanism of intercellular communication by which the sRNA payload of sperm can be selectively modified during their post-testicular maturation.
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70
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Andrews RE, Galileo DS, Martin-DeLeon PA. Plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase 4: interaction with constitutive nitric oxide synthases in human sperm and prostasomes which carry Ca2+/CaM-dependent serine kinase. Mol Hum Reprod 2015; 21:832-43. [PMID: 26345709 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gav049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Deletion of the gene encoding the widely conserved plasma membrane calcium ATPase 4 (PMCA4), a major Ca(2+) efflux pump, leads to loss of sperm motility and male infertility in mice. PMCA4's partners in sperm and how its absence exerts its effect on fertility are unknown. We hypothesize that in sperm PMCA4 interacts with endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) which are rapidly activated by Ca(2+), and that these fertility-modulating proteins are present in prostasomes, which deliver them to sperm. We show that in human sperm PMCA4 is present on the acrosome, inner acrosomal membrane, posterior head, neck, midpiece and the proximal principal piece. PMCA4 localization showed inter- and intra-individual variation and was most abundant at the posterior head/neck junction, co-localizing with NOSs. Co-immunoprecipitations (Co-IP) revealed a close association of PMCA4 and the NOSs in Ca(2+) ionophore-treated sperm but much less so in uncapacitated untreated sperm. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) showed a similar Ca(2+)-related association: PMCA4 and the NOSs are within 10 nm apart, and preferentially so in capacitated, compared with uncapacitated, sperm. FRET efficiencies varied, being significantly (P < 0.001) higher at high cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)]c) in capacitated sperm than at low [Ca(2+)]c in uncapacitated sperm for the PMCA4-eNOS complex. These dynamic interactions were not seen for PMCA4-nNOS complexes, which had the highest FRET efficiencies. Further, along with Ca(2+)/CaM-dependent serine kinase (CASK), PMCA4 and the NOSs are present in the seminal plasma, specifically in prostasomes where Co-IP showed complexes similar to those in sperm. Finally, flow cytometry demonstrated that following co-incubation of sperm and seminal plasma, PMCA4 and the NOSs can be delivered in vitro to sperm via prostasomes. Our findings indicate that PMCA4 interacts simultaneously with the NOSs preferentially at high [Ca(2+)]c in sperm to down-regulate them, and thus prevent elevated levels of NO, known to induce asthenozoospermia via oxidative stress. Our studies point to the potential underlying cause of infertility in PMCA4's absence, and suggest that inactivating mutations of PMCA4 could lead to asthenozoospermia and human infertility. Screening for these mutations may serve both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E Andrews
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 17916, USA
| | - Deni S Galileo
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 17916, USA
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