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Chen X, Pang X, Yeo AJ, Xie S, Xiang M, Shi B, Yu G, Li C. The Molecular Mechanisms of Ferroptosis and Its Role in Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:889765. [PMID: 35663422 PMCID: PMC9160190 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.889765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a selective, semi-permeable layer of endothelial cells that protects the central nervous system from harmful substances circulating in blood. It is one of the important barriers of the nervous system. BBB dysfunction is an early pathophysiological change observed in nervous system diseases. There are few treatments for BBB dysfunction, so this motivates the review. Ferroptosis is a novel cell death mode caused by iron-mediated lipid peroxidation accumulation, which has recently attracted more attention due to its possible role in nervous system disorders. Studies have shown that lipid peroxidation and iron accumulation are related to the barrier dysfunction, especially the expression of tight junction proteins. Therefore, examination of the relationship between ferroptosis and BBB dysfunction may reveal new targets for the treatment of brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshu Chen
- Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xinru Pang
- Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Abrey J. Yeo
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Siwen Xie
- Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Mengting Xiang
- Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Bin Shi
- Neck-Shoulder and Lumbocrural Pain Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Gongchang Yu
- Neck-Shoulder and Lumbocrural Pain Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Gongchang Yu,
| | - Chao Li
- Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
- Chao Li,
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Onukwufor JO, Dirksen RT, Wojtovich AP. Iron Dysregulation in Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Alzheimer’s Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11040692. [PMID: 35453377 PMCID: PMC9027385 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a devastating progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by neuronal dysfunction, and decreased memory and cognitive function. Iron is critical for neuronal activity, neurotransmitter biosynthesis, and energy homeostasis. Iron accumulation occurs in AD and results in neuronal dysfunction through activation of multifactorial mechanisms. Mitochondria generate energy and iron is a key co-factor required for: (1) ATP production by the electron transport chain, (2) heme protein biosynthesis and (3) iron-sulfur cluster formation. Disruptions in iron homeostasis result in mitochondrial dysfunction and energetic failure. Ferroptosis, a non-apoptotic iron-dependent form of cell death mediated by uncontrolled accumulation of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation, is associated with AD and other neurodegenerative diseases. AD pathogenesis is complex with multiple diverse interacting players including Aβ-plaque formation, phosphorylated tau, and redox stress. Unfortunately, clinical trials in AD based on targeting these canonical hallmarks have been largely unsuccessful. Here, we review evidence linking iron dysregulation to AD and the potential for targeting ferroptosis as a therapeutic intervention for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- John O. Onukwufor
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (R.T.D.); (A.P.W.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Robert T. Dirksen
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (R.T.D.); (A.P.W.)
| | - Andrew P. Wojtovich
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (R.T.D.); (A.P.W.)
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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53
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Qiu C, Liu T, Luo D, Luan D, Cheng L, Wang S. Novel Therapeutic Savior for Osteosarcoma: The Endorsement of Ferroptosis. Front Oncol 2022; 12:746030. [PMID: 35402247 PMCID: PMC8987436 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.746030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis has recently been discovered as an iron-dependent and non-apoptotic regulated mechanism of cell death. The induction of ferroptosis in tumor cells improves tumor treatment, making it a current research hotspot. Mechanistically, it starts by lipid peroxidation, iron accumulation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and glutathione deprivation, highlighting novel treatment opportunities for many tumors and neurodegenerative disorders. Several tumor cell lines are resistant to ferroptosis inducers, even when the ferroptosis key enzyme glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) is blocked, indicating that other important elements are also involved in this process. Ferroptosis-suppressor-protein 1 (FSP1) was discovered to be one of these elements in addition to a few others such as ferroptotic gatekeepers like GTP cyclohydrolase 1 (GCH1) and dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH). Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant bone tumor observed most frequently in children and adolescents. Several studies demonstrated that ferroptosis plays a critical role in the treatment of osteosarcoma, in particular drug-resistant osteosarcoma cells. We outlined four primary regulators involved in ferroptosis in this article, reviewed previously published studies of ferroptosis in osteosarcoma to provide covert insights about osteosarcoma treatment, and highlighted several critical issues to point out future research possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Qiu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Tianyi Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Luo
- College of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Dongyang Luan
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lin Cheng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Lin Cheng, ; Songgang Wang,
| | - Songgang Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Lin Cheng, ; Songgang Wang,
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Li X, Chen T, Wu X, Jiang X, Luo P, E Z, Hu C, Ren C. Apoptosis-Inducing Factor 2 (AIF-2) Mediates a Caspase-Independent Apoptotic Pathway in the Tropical Sea Cucumber ( Holothuria leucospilota). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063008. [PMID: 35328428 PMCID: PMC8954137 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis, also known as programmed cell death, is a biological process that is critical for embryonic development, organic differentiation, and tissue homeostasis of organisms. As an essential mitochondrial flavoprotein, the apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) can directly mediate the caspase-independent mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. In this study, we identified and characterized a novel AIF-2 (HlAIF-2) from the tropical sea cucumber Holothuria leucospilota. HlAIF-2 contains a conserved Pyr_redox_2 domain and a putative C-terminal nuclear localization sequence (NLS) but lacks an N-terminal mitochondrial localization sequence (MLS). In addition, both NADH- and FAD-binding domains for oxidoreductase function are conserved in HlAIF-2. HlAIF-2 mRNA was ubiquitously detected in all tissues and increased significantly during larval development. The transcript expression of HlAIF-2 was significantly upregulated after treatment with CdCl2, but not the pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) in primary coelomocytes. In HEK293T cells, HlAIF-2 protein was located in the cytoplasm and nucleus, and tended to transfer into the nucleus by CdCl2 incubation. Moreover, there was an overexpression of HlAIF-2-induced apoptosis in HEK293T cells. As a whole, this study provides the first evidence for heavy metal-induced apoptosis mediated by AIF-2 in sea cucumbers, and it may contribute to increasing the basic knowledge of the caspase-independent apoptotic pathway in ancient echinoderm species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology (LMB), South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; (X.L.); (T.C.); (X.J.); (P.L.); (Z.E.); (C.H.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ting Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology (LMB), South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; (X.L.); (T.C.); (X.J.); (P.L.); (Z.E.); (C.H.)
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Xiaofen Wu
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell, University of Paris-Saclay, 91198 Paris, France;
| | - Xiao Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology (LMB), South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; (X.L.); (T.C.); (X.J.); (P.L.); (Z.E.); (C.H.)
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Peng Luo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology (LMB), South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; (X.L.); (T.C.); (X.J.); (P.L.); (Z.E.); (C.H.)
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Zixuan E
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology (LMB), South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; (X.L.); (T.C.); (X.J.); (P.L.); (Z.E.); (C.H.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chaoqun Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology (LMB), South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; (X.L.); (T.C.); (X.J.); (P.L.); (Z.E.); (C.H.)
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Chunhua Ren
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology (LMB), South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; (X.L.); (T.C.); (X.J.); (P.L.); (Z.E.); (C.H.)
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 510301, China
- Correspondence:
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55
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Zhou Y, Lin W, Rao T, Zheng J, Zhang T, Zhang M, Lin Z. Ferroptosis and Its Potential Role in the Nervous System Diseases. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:1555-1574. [PMID: 35264867 PMCID: PMC8901225 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s351799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a novel regulated cell death characterized by metabolic disorders and iron-dependent oxidative destruction of the lipid bilayer. It is primarily caused by the imbalance of oxidation and anti-oxidation in the body and is precisely regulated by numerous factors and pathways inside and outside the cell. Recent studies have indicated that ferroptosis plays a vital role in the pathophysiological process of multiple systems of the body including the nervous system. Ferroptosis may be closely linked to the occurrence and development of neurodegenerative diseases, strokes, and brain tumors. It may also be involved in the development, maturation, and aging of the nervous system. Therefore, this study aims to investigate ferroptosis’s occurrence and regulatory mechanism and summarize its research progress in the pathogenesis and treatment of neurological diseases. This would allow for novel ideas for basic and clinical research of neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyang Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second School of Medicine, Taizhou Women and Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second School of Medicine, Taizhou Women and Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tian Rao
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second School of Medicine, Taizhou Women and Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinyu Zheng
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tianlei Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second School of Medicine, Taizhou Women and Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second School of Medicine, Taizhou Women and Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenlang Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second School of Medicine, Taizhou Women and Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Zhenlang Lin, Email
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56
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Lan H, Gao Y, Zhao Z, Mei Z, Wang F. Ferroptosis: Redox Imbalance and Hematological Tumorigenesis. Front Oncol 2022; 12:834681. [PMID: 35155264 PMCID: PMC8826956 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.834681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a novel characterized form of cell death featured with iron-dependent lipid peroxidation, which is distinct from any known programmed cell death in the biological processes and morphological characteristics. Recent evidence points out that ferroptosis is correlated with numerous metabolic pathways, including iron homeostasis, lipid metabolism, and redox homeostasis, associating with the occurrence and treatment of hematological malignancies, such as multiple myeloma, leukemia, and lymphoma. Nowadays, utilizing ferroptosis as the target to prevent and treat hematological malignancies has become an active and challenging topic of research, and the regulatory network and physiological function of ferroptosis also need to be further elucidated. This review will summarize the recent progress in the molecular regulation of ferroptosis and the physiological roles and therapeutic potential of ferroptosis as the target in hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongying Lan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Gao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengyang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Ziqing Mei
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
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57
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Tang Z, Huang Z, Huang Y, Chen Y, Huang M, Liu H, Ye QA, Zhao J, Jia B. Ferroptosis: The Silver Lining of Cancer Therapy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:765859. [PMID: 34912804 PMCID: PMC8667274 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.765859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory cell death has been a major focus area of cancer therapy research to improve conventional clinical cancer treatment (e.g. chemotherapy and radiotherapy). Ferroptosis, a novel form of regulated cell death mediated by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation, has been receiving increasing attention since its discovery in 2012. Owing to the highly iron-dependent physiological properties of cancer cells, targeting ferroptosis is a promising approach in cancer therapy. In this review, we summarised the characteristics of ferroptotic cells, associated mechanisms of ferroptosis occurrence and regulation and application of the ferroptotic pathway in cancer therapy, including the use of ferroptosis in combination with other therapeutic modalities. In addition, we presented the challenges of using ferroptosis in cancer therapy and future perspectives that may provide a basis for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengming Tang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhijie Huang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yisheng Huang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanxin Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingshu Huang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongyu Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Q Adam Ye
- School of Stomatology and Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan, China.,Center of Regenerative Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianjiang Zhao
- Shenzhen Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bo Jia
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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58
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The Regulatory Effects and the Signaling Pathways of Natural Bioactive Compounds on Ferroptosis. Foods 2021; 10:foods10122952. [PMID: 34945503 PMCID: PMC8700948 DOI: 10.3390/foods10122952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural bioactive compounds abundantly presented in foods and medicinal plants have recently received a remarkable attention because of their various biological activities and minimal toxicity. In recent years, many natural compounds appear to offer significant effects in the regulation of ferroptosis. Ferroptosis is the forefront of international scientific research which has been exponential growth since the term was coined. This type of regulated cell death is driven by iron-dependent phospholipid peroxidation. Recent studies have shown that numerous organ injuries and pathophysiological processes of many diseases are driven by ferroptosis, such as cancer, arteriosclerosis, neurodegenerative disease, diabetes, ischemia-reperfusion injury and acute renal failure. It is reported that the initiation and inhibition of ferroptosis plays a pivotal role in lipid peroxidation, organ damage, neurodegeneration and cancer growth and progression. Recently, many natural phytochemicals extracted from edible plants have been demonstrated to be novel ferroptosis regulators and have the potential to treat ferroptosis-related diseases. This review provides an updated overview on the role of natural bioactive compounds and the potential signaling pathways in the regulation of ferroptosis.
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59
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The molecular mechanisms of ferroptosis and its role in cardiovascular disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 145:112423. [PMID: 34800783 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a programmed iron-dependent cell death characterized by accumulation of lipid peroxides (LOOH) and redox disequilibrium. Ferroptosis shows unique characteristics in biology, chemistry, and gene levels, compared to other cell death forms. The metabolic disorder of intracellular LOOH catalyzed by iron causes the inactivity of GPX4, disrupts the redox balance, and triggers cell death. Metabolism of amino acid, iron, and lipid, including associated pathways, is considered as a specific hallmark of ferroptosis. Epidemiological studies and animal experiments have shown that ferroptosis plays an important character in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease such as atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction (MI), ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), heart failure (HF), cardiac hypertrophy, cardiomyopathy, and abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). This review systematically summarized the latest research progress on the mechanisms of ferroptosis. Then we report the contribution of ferroptosis in cardiovascular diseases. Finally, we discuss and analyze the therapeutic approaches targeting for ferroptosis associated with cardiovascular diseases.
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60
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Pope CA, Wilkins HM, Swerdlow RH, Wolfe MS. Mutations in the Amyloid-β Protein Precursor Reduce Mitochondrial Function and Alter Gene Expression Independent of 42-Residue Amyloid-β Peptide. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 83:1039-1049. [PMID: 34366346 DOI: 10.3233/jad-210366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dominant missense mutations in the amyloid-β protein precursor (AβPP) cause early-onset familial Alzheimer's disease (FAD) and are associated with changes in the production or properties of the amyloid-β peptide (Aβ), particularly of the 42-residue variant (Aβ 42) that deposits in the Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain. Recent findings, however, show that FAD mutations in AβPP also lead to increased production of longer Aβ variants of 45-49 residues in length. OBJECTIVE We aimed to test neurotoxicity of Aβ 42 vis-á-vis longer variants, focusing specifically on mitochondrial function, as dysfunctional mitochondria are implicated in the pathogenesis of AD. METHODS We generated SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells stably expressing AβPP mutations that lead to increased production of long Aβ peptides with or without Aβ 42. These AβPP-expressing cells were tested for oxygen consumption rates (OCR) under different conditions designed to interrogate mitochondrial function. These cell lines were also examined for expression of genes important for mitochondrial or neuronal structure and function. RESULTS The mutant AβPP-expressing cells showed decreased basal OCRs as well as decreased OCRs associated with mitochondrial ATP production, even more so in the absence of Aβ 42 production. Moreover, mutant AβPP-expressing cells producing longer forms of Aβ displayed altered expression of certain mitochondrial- and neuronal-associated genes, whether or not Aβ 42 was produced. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that mutant AβPP can cause mitochondrial dysfunction that is associated with long Aβ but not with Aβ 42.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad A Pope
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Heather M Wilkins
- University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Russell H Swerdlow
- University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Michael S Wolfe
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
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61
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Wang X, Yamamoto Y, Imanishi M, Zhang X, Sato M, Sugaya A, Hirose M, Endo S, Natori Y, Moriwaki T, Yamato K, Hyodo I. Enhanced G1 arrest and apoptosis via MDM4/MDM2 double knockdown and MEK inhibition in wild-type TP53 colon and gastric cancer cells with aberrant KRAS signaling. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:558. [PMID: 34084225 PMCID: PMC8161467 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Murine double minute homolog 2 (MDM2) is an oncoprotein that induces p53 degradation via ubiquitin-ligase activity. MDM4 cooperates with MDM2-mediated p53 degradation, directly inhibiting p53 transcription by binding to its transactivation domain. Our previous study reported that the simultaneous inhibition of MDM2 and MDM4 using nutlin-3 (an inhibitor of the MDM2-p53 interaction) and chimeric small interfering RNA with DNA-substituted seed arms (named chiMDM2 and chiMDM4) more potently activated p53 than the MDM2 or MDM4 inhibitor alone and synergistically augmented antitumor effects in various types of cancer cells with the wild-type (wt) TP53. Recently, the synergism of MDM2 and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) inhibitors has been demonstrated in wt TP53 colorectal and non-small cell lung cancer cells harboring mutant-type (mt) KRAS. The current study examined whether chiMDM4 augmented the synergistic antitumor effects of MDM2 and MEK inhibition using chiMDM2 or nutlin-3 and trametinib, respectively. ChiMDM2 and trametinib used in combination demonstrated a synergistic antitumor activity in HCT116 and LoVo colon cancer cells, and SNU-1 gastric cancer cells harboring wt TP53 and mt KRAS. Furthermore, chiMDM4 synergistically enhanced this combinational effect. Similar results were observed when nutlin-3 was used instead of chiMDM2. MDM4/MDM2 double knockdown combined with trametinib treatment enhanced G1 arrest and apoptosis induction. This was associated with the accumulation of p53, suppression of phosphorylated-extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2, inhibition of retinoblastoma phosphorylation, suppression of E2F1-activated proteins, and potent activation of pro-apoptotic proteins, such as Fas and p53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis. The results inidcated that the triple inhibition of MDM4, MDM2 and MEK exerted a potent antitumor effect in wt TP53 colon and gastric cancer cells with mt KRAS. Simultaneous activation of p53 and inhibition of aberrant KRAS signaling may be a rational treatment strategy for gastrointestinal tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxuan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Yamamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Mamiko Imanishi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Xiaochen Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Masashi Sato
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Akinori Sugaya
- Division of Gastroenterology, Ibaraki Prefectural Central Hospital, Kasama, Ibaraki 309-1793, Japan
| | - Mitsuaki Hirose
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology, Tsuchiura Clinical Education and Training Center, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Tsuchiura, Ibaraki 300-8585, Japan
| | - Shinji Endo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shinmatsudo Central General Hospital, Matsudo, Chiba 270-0034, Japan
| | | | - Toshikazu Moriwaki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Kenji Yamato
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Ichinosuke Hyodo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.,Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, NHO Shikoku Cancer Center, Matsuyama, Ehime 791-0280, Japan
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Li L, Qiu C, Hou M, Wang X, Huang C, Zou J, Liu T, Qu J. Ferroptosis in Ovarian Cancer: A Novel Therapeutic Strategy. Front Oncol 2021; 11:665945. [PMID: 33996593 PMCID: PMC8117419 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.665945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OVCA) is one of the most lethal malignancies with a five-year relative survival below 50% by virtue of its high recurrence rate and inadequate early detection methods. For OVCA patients, modern approaches include debulking surgery, chemotherapies, angiogenesis inhibitors, poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors, and immunotherapies depending on the histological type and staging of the tumor. However, in most cases, simple standard treatment is not satisfactory. Thus, a more effective way of treatment is needed. Ferroptosis is a newly recognized type of regulated cell death marked by lipid peroxidation, iron accumulation and glutathione deprivation, having a connection with a variety of disorders and showing great potential in anti-tumor therapy. Intriguingly, a possible connection between ferroptosis and OVCA is shown on the basis of previously published findings. Furthermore, a growing number of ferroptosis protection pathways have been identified during the past few years with increasing ferroptosis regulators being discovered. In this review, we summarized several major pathways involved in ferroptosis and the study foundation of ferroptosis and ovarian cancer, hoping to provide clues regarding OVCA treatment. And some important issues were also raised to point out future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanyu Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Cheng Qiu
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Min Hou
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Changzhen Huang
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jialin Zou
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Tianyi Liu
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jinfeng Qu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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63
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Lillo-Moya J, Rojas-Solé C, Muñoz-Salamanca D, Panieri E, Saso L, Rodrigo R. Targeting Ferroptosis against Ischemia/Reperfusion Cardiac Injury. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10050667. [PMID: 33922912 PMCID: PMC8145541 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10050667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease is a leading cause of death worldwide. Primarily, ischemia causes decreased oxygen supply, resulting in damage of the cardiac tissue. Naturally, reoxygenation has been recognized as the treatment of choice to recover blood flow through primary percutaneous coronary intervention. This treatment is the gold standard therapy to restore blood flow, but paradoxically it can also induce tissue injury. A number of different studies in animal models of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) suggest that ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) accounts for up to 50% of the final myocardial infarct size. Oxidative stress plays a critical role in the pathological process. Iron is an essential mineral required for a variety of vital biological functions but also has potentially toxic effects. A detrimental process induced by free iron is ferroptosis, a non-apoptotic type of programmed cell death. Accordingly, efforts to prevent ferroptosis in pathological settings have focused on the use of radical trapping antioxidants (RTAs), such as liproxstatin-1 (Lip-1). Hence, it is necessary to develop novel strategies to prevent cardiac IRI, thus improving the clinical outcome in patients with ischemic heart disease. The present review analyses the role of ferroptosis inhibition to prevent heart IRI, with special reference to Lip-1 as a promising drug in this clinicopathological context.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Lillo-Moya
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile; (J.L.-M.); (C.R.-S.); (D.M.-S.)
| | - Catalina Rojas-Solé
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile; (J.L.-M.); (C.R.-S.); (D.M.-S.)
| | - Diego Muñoz-Salamanca
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile; (J.L.-M.); (C.R.-S.); (D.M.-S.)
| | - Emiliano Panieri
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer“, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicine Sapienza University, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (E.P.); (L.S.)
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer“, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicine Sapienza University, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (E.P.); (L.S.)
| | - Ramón Rodrigo
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile; (J.L.-M.); (C.R.-S.); (D.M.-S.)
- Correspondence:
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64
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Lei G, Mao C, Yan Y, Zhuang L, Gan B. Ferroptosis, radiotherapy, and combination therapeutic strategies. Protein Cell 2021; 12:836-857. [PMID: 33891303 PMCID: PMC8563889 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-021-00841-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of regulated cell death driven by peroxidative damages of polyunsaturated-fatty-acid-containing phospholipids in cellular membranes, has recently been revealed to play an important role in radiotherapy-induced cell death and tumor suppression, and to mediate the synergy between radiotherapy and immunotherapy. In this review, we summarize known as well as putative mechanisms underlying the crosstalk between radiotherapy and ferroptosis, discuss the interactions between ferroptosis and other forms of regulated cell death induced by radiotherapy, and explore combination therapeutic strategies targeting ferroptosis in radiotherapy and immunotherapy. This review will provide important frameworks for future investigations of ferroptosis in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Lei
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China.,Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Chao Mao
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yuelong Yan
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Li Zhuang
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Boyi Gan
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,The University of Texas MD Anderson UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA.
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65
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Jiang X, Stockwell BR, Conrad M. Ferroptosis: mechanisms, biology and role in disease. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2021; 22:266-282. [PMID: 33495651 PMCID: PMC8142022 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-020-00324-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2731] [Impact Index Per Article: 910.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The research field of ferroptosis has seen exponential growth over the past few years, since the term was coined in 2012. This unique modality of cell death, driven by iron-dependent phospholipid peroxidation, is regulated by multiple cellular metabolic pathways, including redox homeostasis, iron handling, mitochondrial activity and metabolism of amino acids, lipids and sugars, in addition to various signalling pathways relevant to disease. Numerous organ injuries and degenerative pathologies are driven by ferroptosis. Intriguingly, therapy-resistant cancer cells, particularly those in the mesenchymal state and prone to metastasis, are exquisitely vulnerable to ferroptosis. As such, pharmacological modulation of ferroptosis, via both its induction and its inhibition, holds great potential for the treatment of drug-resistant cancers, ischaemic organ injuries and other degenerative diseases linked to extensive lipid peroxidation. In this Review, we provide a critical analysis of the current molecular mechanisms and regulatory networks of ferroptosis, the potential physiological functions of ferroptosis in tumour suppression and immune surveillance, and its pathological roles, together with a potential for therapeutic targeting. Importantly, as in all rapidly evolving research areas, challenges exist due to misconceptions and inappropriate experimental methods. This Review also aims to address these issues and to provide practical guidelines for enhancing reproducibility and reliability in studies of ferroptosis. Finally, we discuss important concepts and pressing questions that should be the focus of future ferroptosis research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejun Jiang
- Cell Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Brent R Stockwell
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Marcus Conrad
- Institute of Metabolism and Cell Death, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia.
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66
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The Multifaceted Regulation of Mitochondria in Ferroptosis. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11030222. [PMID: 33801920 PMCID: PMC8001967 DOI: 10.3390/life11030222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is characterized as a novel form of regulated cell death, which is initiated by the lethal accumulation of lipid peroxidation catalyzed by cellular labile free iron. This iron driven cell death sharply differs from other well characterized forms of regulated cell death at morphological, genetic and biochemical levels. Increasing research has elaborated a high relevance between dysregulated ferroptosis and the pathogenesis of degenerative diseases and organs injury in human patients. Additionally, targeted induction of ferroptosis is considered as a potentially therapeutic design for the clinical intervention of other therapy-resistant cancers. It is well understood that mitochondria, the cellular powerhouse, determine several types of regulated cell death. Recently, compromised mitochondrial morphology and functionalities have been primarily formulated in ferroptosis. Several mitochondria associated proteins and metabolic processes have been elaborated to fine-tune ferroptotic program. Herein, we critically review the recent advances in this booming field, with focus on summarizing the multifaceted mitochondrial regulation of ferroptosis and providing a perspective on the potential biochemical basis. Finally, we are attempting to shed light on an integrative view on the possibility of mitochondria- and ferroptosis-targeting therapeutics as novel treatment designs for the intervention of ferroptosis related diseases.
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67
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Owusu IA, Quaye O, Passalacqua KD, Wobus CE. Egress of non-enveloped enteric RNA viruses. J Gen Virol 2021; 102:001557. [PMID: 33560198 PMCID: PMC8515858 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A long-standing paradigm in virology was that non-enveloped viruses induce cell lysis to release progeny virions. However, emerging evidence indicates that some non-enveloped viruses exit cells without inducing cell lysis, while others engage both lytic and non-lytic egress mechanisms. Enteric viruses are transmitted via the faecal-oral route and are important causes of a wide range of human infections, both gastrointestinal and extra-intestinal. Virus cellular egress, when fully understood, may be a relevant target for antiviral therapies, which could minimize the public health impact of these infections. In this review, we outline lytic and non-lytic cell egress mechanisms of non-enveloped enteric RNA viruses belonging to five families: Picornaviridae, Reoviridae, Caliciviridae, Astroviridae and Hepeviridae. We discuss factors that contribute to egress mechanisms and the relevance of these mechanisms to virion stability, infectivity and transmission. Since most data were obtained in traditional two-dimensional cell cultures, we will further attempt to place them into the context of polarized cultures and in vivo pathogenesis. Throughout the review, we highlight numerous knowledge gaps to stimulate future research into the egress mechanisms of these highly prevalent but largely understudied viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene A. Owusu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5620, USA
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Osbourne Quaye
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Karla D. Passalacqua
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5620, USA
- Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Christiane E. Wobus
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5620, USA
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68
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Novo N, Ferreira P, Medina M. The apoptosis-inducing factor family: Moonlighting proteins in the crosstalk between mitochondria and nuclei. IUBMB Life 2021; 73:568-581. [PMID: 33035389 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In Homo sapiens, the apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) family is represented by three different proteins, known as AIF, AMID and AIFL, that have in common the mitochondrial localisation in healthy cells, the presence of FAD- and NADH-dependent domains involved in an -albeit yet not well understood- oxidoreductase function and their capability to induce programmed cell death. AIF is the best characterised family member, while the information about AMID and AIFL is much scarcer. Nonetheless, available data support different roles as well as mechanisms of action of their particular apoptogenic and redox domains regarding both pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic activities. Moreover, diverse cellular functions, to date far from fully clarified, are envisaged for the transcripts corresponding to these three proteins. Here, we review the so far available knowledge on the moonlighting human AIF family from their molecular properties to their relevance in health and disease, through the evaluation of their potential cell death and redox functions in their different subcellular locations. This picture emerging from the current knowledge of the AIF family envisages its contribution to regulate signalling and transcription machineries in the crosstalk among mitochondria, the cytoplasm and the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nerea Novo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Institute of Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI-IQFR and CBsC-CSIC Joint Units, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Patricia Ferreira
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Institute of Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI-IQFR and CBsC-CSIC Joint Units, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Milagros Medina
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Institute of Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI-IQFR and CBsC-CSIC Joint Units, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
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69
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Pandurangi RS, Tomasetti M, Verapazham ST, Paulmurugan R, Ma C, Rajput S, Anjanappa M, Nakshatri H. A Priori Activation of Apoptosis Pathways of Tumor (AAAPT) technology: Development of targeted apoptosis initiators for cancer treatment. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0225869. [PMID: 33556062 PMCID: PMC7870153 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells develop tactics to circumvent the interventions by desensitizing themselves to interventions. Amongst many, the principle routes of desensitization include a) activation of survival pathways (e.g. NF-kB, PARP) and b) downregulation of cell death pathways (e.g. CD95/CD95L). As a result, it requires high therapeutic dose to achieve tumor regression which, in turn damages normal cells through the collateral effects. Methods are needed to sensitize the low and non-responsive resistant tumor cells including cancer stem cells (CSCs) in order to evoke a better response from the current treatments. Current treatments including chemotherapy can induce cell death only in bulk cancer cells sparing CSCs and cancer resistant cells (CRCs) which are shown to be responsible for high recurrence of disease and low patient survival. Here, we report several novel tumor targeted sensitizers derived from the natural Vitamin E analogue (AMP-001-003). The drug design is based on a novel concept "A priori activation of apoptosis pathways of tumor technology (AAAPT) which is designed to activate specific cell death pathways and inhibit survival pathways simultaneously and selectively in cancer cells sparing normal cells. Our results indicate that AMP-001-003 sensitize various types of cancer cells including MDA-MB-231 (triple negative breast cancer), PC3 (prostate cancer) and A543 (lung cancer) cells resulting in reducing the IC-50 of doxorubicin in vitro when used as a combination. At higher doses, AMP-001 acts as an anti-tumor agent on its own. The synergy between AMP-001 and doxorubicin could pave a new pathway to use AAAPT leading molecules as neoadjuvant to chemotherapy to achieve better efficacy and reduced off-target toxicity compared to the current treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghu S. Pandurangi
- Sci-Engi-Medco Solutions Inc., St Charles, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Marco Tomasetti
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Section of Experimental and Occupational Medicine, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Sekar T. Verapazham
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Canary Center for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, United States of America
| | - Ramasamy Paulmurugan
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Canary Center for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, United States of America
| | - Cynthia Ma
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Sandeep Rajput
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Manjushree Anjanappa
- Department Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Harikrishna Nakshatri
- Department Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
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70
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Yan HF, Zou T, Tuo QZ, Xu S, Li H, Belaidi AA, Lei P. Ferroptosis: mechanisms and links with diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:49. [PMID: 33536413 PMCID: PMC7858612 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00428-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 588] [Impact Index Per Article: 196.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent cell death, which is different from apoptosis, necrosis, autophagy, and other forms of cell death. The process of ferroptotic cell death is defined by the accumulation of lethal lipid species derived from the peroxidation of lipids, which can be prevented by iron chelators (e.g., deferiprone, deferoxamine) and small lipophilic antioxidants (e.g., ferrostatin, liproxstatin). This review summarizes current knowledge about the regulatory mechanism of ferroptosis and its association with several pathways, including iron, lipid, and cysteine metabolism. We have further discussed the contribution of ferroptosis to the pathogenesis of several diseases such as cancer, ischemia/reperfusion, and various neurodegenerative diseases (e.g., Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease), and evaluated the therapeutic applications of ferroptosis inhibitors in clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Fa Yan
- Department of Neurology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Center for Biotherapy, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Ting Zou
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Qing-Zhang Tuo
- Department of Neurology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Center for Biotherapy, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuo Xu
- Department of Neurology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Center for Biotherapy, 610041, Chengdu, China
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Hua Li
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Abdel Ali Belaidi
- Melbourne Dementia Research Centre and the Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
| | - Peng Lei
- Department of Neurology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Center for Biotherapy, 610041, Chengdu, China.
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Xie Z, Hou H, Luo D, An R, Zhao Y, Qiu C. ROS-Dependent Lipid Peroxidation and Reliant Antioxidant Ferroptosis-Suppressor-Protein 1 in Rheumatoid Arthritis: a Covert Clue for Potential Therapy. Inflammation 2021; 44:35-47. [PMID: 32920707 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-020-01338-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common systemic autoimmune disease with a prevalence of about 1% in which genetic and environmental risk factors both participate in performance of disease. Though several studies contributed in identifying its etiology and pathogenesis, the underlying mechanisms are still unknown. To date, so as palliative for RA, cure strategies are still popular. Hypoxia and oxidative stress are implicated to RA development and subsequent ROS-mediated cell death which is a critical feature for RA progression. As for cell death and lipid peroxidation, ferroptosis is a newly discovered, iron-dependent, and non-apoptotic cell death which draws various attention due to its potential strategies for cancer therapy. Meanwhile, ferroptosis-suppressor-protein 1 (FSP1) is recently identified as a seminal breakthrough owing to its property of versus ferroptosis. By virtue of the complicated research progress on FSP1 with ferroptosis, in this review, we summarize the whole region of relevance between ROS and RA. Taken together, we hypothesize that ROS accompanied with ferroptosis may function as a reciprocal with cell death that interplays with RA; besides, FSP1 might become a potential therapeutic target for RA because of its potential interaction with TNF-α/ROS-positive feedback loop. This review systematically concludes the previous understandings about identification of ROS and FSP1 and, in turn, aims to provide references for further achievements of them and hints on elucidation of its thorough underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxiang Xie
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Haodong Hou
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Luo
- College of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ran An
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunpeng Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Cheng Qiu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
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72
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Chen X, Comish PB, Tang D, Kang R. Characteristics and Biomarkers of Ferroptosis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:637162. [PMID: 33553189 PMCID: PMC7859349 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.637162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The induction and consequences of regulated cell death (RCD) are accompanied by changes in gene and protein expression, biochemical pathways, as well as cell morphology and size. Such RCDs have a significant impact on development, tissue homeostasis, and the occurrence and progression of disease. Among different forms of RCD, ferroptosis appears to be the main cause of tissue damage driven by iron overload and lipid peroxidation. In fact, the dysfunctional ferroptotic response is implicated in a variety of pathological conditions and diseases, such as neurodegenerative diseases, tissue ischemia-reperfusion injury, tumorigenesis, infections, and immune diseases. Ferroptotic response can be fine-tuned through various oxidative stress and antioxidant defense pathways, coupling with metabolism, gene transcription, and protein degradation machinery. Accordingly, a series of ferroptosis inducers or inhibitors targeting redox- or iron metabolism-related proteins or signal transduction have been developed. Although this kind of RCD has recently attracted great interest in basic and clinical research, detecting and monitoring a ferroptotic response still faces challenges. In this mini-review, we not only summarize the latest knowledge about the characteristics of ferroptosis in vitro and in vivo, but also discuss the specificity and limitations of current biomarkers of ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, The Third Affiliated Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Paul B Comish
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Daolin Tang
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, The Third Affiliated Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Rui Kang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
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73
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Ferroptosis-Related Flavoproteins: Their Function and Stability. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22010430. [PMID: 33406703 PMCID: PMC7796112 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis has been described recently as an iron-dependent cell death driven by peroxidation of membrane lipids. It is involved in the pathogenesis of a number of diverse diseases. From the other side, the induction of ferroptosis can be used to kill tumor cells as a novel therapeutic approach. Because of the broad clinical relevance, a comprehensive understanding of the ferroptosis-controlling protein network is necessary. Noteworthy, several proteins from this network are flavoenzymes. This review is an attempt to present the ferroptosis-related flavoproteins in light of their involvement in anti-ferroptotic and pro-ferroptotic roles. When available, the data on the structural stability of mutants and cofactor-free apoenzymes are discussed. The stability of the flavoproteins could be an important component of the cellular death processes.
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74
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Antonioli L, Fornai M, Pellegrini C, D'Antongiovanni V, Turiello R, Morello S, Haskó G, Blandizzi C. Adenosine Signaling in the Tumor Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1270:145-167. [PMID: 33123998 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-47189-7_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine, deriving from ATP released by dying cancer cells and then degradated in the tumor environment by CD39/CD73 enzyme axis, is linked to the generation of an immunosuppressed niche favoring the onset of neoplasia. Signals delivered by extracellular adenosine are detected and transduced by G-protein-coupled cell surface receptors, classified into four subtypes: A1, A2A, A2B, and A3. A critical role of this nucleoside is emerging in the modulation of several immune and nonimmune cells defining the tumor microenvironment, providing novel insights about the development of novel therapeutic strategies aimed at undermining the immune-privileged sites where cancer cells grow and proliferate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Antonioli
- Unit of Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Matteo Fornai
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | - Roberta Turiello
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy.,PhD Program in Drug discovery and Development, Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Silvana Morello
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - György Haskó
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Corrado Blandizzi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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75
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Zheng J, Conrad M. The Metabolic Underpinnings of Ferroptosis. Cell Metab 2020; 32:920-937. [PMID: 33217331 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2020.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 640] [Impact Index Per Article: 160.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Acute or chronic cellular stress resulting from aberrant metabolic and biochemical processes may trigger a pervasive non-apoptotic form of cell death, generally known as ferroptosis. Ferroptosis is unique among the different cell death modalities, as it has been mostly linked to pathophysiological conditions and because several metabolic pathways, such as (seleno)thiol metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, iron handling, mevalonate pathway, and mitochondrial respiration, directly impinge on the cells' sensitivity toward lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis. Additionally, key cellular redox systems, such as selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase 4 and the NAD(P)H/ferroptosis suppressor protein-1/ubiquinone axis, are at play that constantly surveil and neutralize oxidative damage to cellular membranes. Since this form of cell death emerges to be the root cause of a number of diseases and since it offers various pharmacologically tractable nodes for therapeutic intervention, there has been overwhelming interest in the last few years aiming for a better molecular understanding of the ferroptotic death process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiashuo Zheng
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Metabolism and Cell Death, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Marcus Conrad
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Metabolism and Cell Death, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; National Research Medical University, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Ostrovityanova 1, Moscow 117997, Russia.
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76
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Posttranslational Modifications in Ferroptosis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:8832043. [PMID: 33294126 PMCID: PMC7718049 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8832043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ferroptosis was first coined in 2012 to describe the form of regulated cell death (RCD) characterized by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation. To date, ferroptosis has been implicated in many diseases, such as carcinogenesis, degenerative diseases (e.g., Huntington's, Alzheimer's, and Parkinson's diseases), ischemia-reperfusion injury, and cardiovascular diseases. Previous studies have identified numerous targets involved in ferroptosis; for example, acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4 (ACSL4) and p53 induce while glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and apoptosis-inducing factor mitochondria-associated 2 (AIFM2, also known as FSP1) inhibit ferroptosis. At least three major pathways (the glutathione-GPX4, FSP1-coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), and GTP cyclohydrolase-1- (GCH1-) tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) pathways) have been identified to participate in ferroptosis regulation. Recent advances have also highlighted the crucial roles of posttranslational modifications (PTMs) of proteins in ferroptosis. Here, we summarize the recently discovered knowledge regarding the mechanisms underlying ferroptosis, particularly the roles of PTMs in ferroptosis regulation.
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77
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Abstract
Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) is a pathological process that occurs in numerous organs throughout the human body, and it is frequently associated with severe cellular damage and death. Recently it has emerged that ferroptosis, a new form of regulated cell death that is caused by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation, plays a significantly detrimental role in many I/R models. In this review, we aim to revise the pathological process of I/R and then explore the molecular pathogenesis of ferroptosis. Furthermore, we aim to evaluate the role that ferroptosis plays in I/R, providing evidence to support the targeting of ferroptosis in the I/R pathway may present as a therapeutic intervention to alleviate ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) associated cell damage and death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Fa Yan
- Department of Neurology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Qing-Zhang Tuo
- Department of Neurology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Qiao-Zhi Yin
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China. E-mail:
| | - Peng Lei
- Department of Neurology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China. E-mail:
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78
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Kuang F, Liu J, Tang D, Kang R. Oxidative Damage and Antioxidant Defense in Ferroptosis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:586578. [PMID: 33043019 PMCID: PMC7527737 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.586578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Many new types of regulated cell death have been recently implicated in human health and disease. These regulated cell deaths have different morphological, genetic, biochemical, and functional hallmarks. Ferroptosis was originally described as a carcinogenic RAS-dependent non-apoptotic cell death, and is now defined as a type of regulated necrosis characterized by iron accumulation, lipid peroxidation, and the release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Multiple oxidative and antioxidant systems, acting together autophagy machinery, shape the process of lipid peroxidation during ferroptosis. In particular, the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that depends on the activity of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases (NOXs) and the mitochondrial respiratory chain promotes lipid peroxidation by lipoxygenase (ALOX) or cytochrome P450 reductase (POR). In contrast, the glutathione (GSH), coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), and tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) system limits oxidative damage during ferroptosis. These antioxidant processes are further transcriptionally regulated by nuclear factor, erythroid 2-like 2 (NFE2L2/NRF2), whereas membrane repair during ferroptotic damage requires the activation of endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT)-III. A further understanding of the process and function of ferroptosis may provide precise treatment strategies for disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feimei Kuang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiao Liu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Daolin Tang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Rui Kang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
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79
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation; the Third Affiliated Hospital; School of Basic Medical Sciences; Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Jingbo Li
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Rui Kang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Daniel J. Klionsky
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Daolin Tang
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation; the Third Affiliated Hospital; School of Basic Medical Sciences; Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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80
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Tan JH, Cao RC, Zhou L, Zhou ZT, Chen HJ, Xu J, Chen XM, Jin YC, Lin JY, Zeng JL, Li SJ, Luo M, Hu GD, Yang XB, Jin J, Zhang GW. ATF6 aggravates acinar cell apoptosis and injury by regulating p53/AIFM2 transcription in Severe Acute Pancreatitis. Theranostics 2020; 10:8298-8314. [PMID: 32724472 PMCID: PMC7381726 DOI: 10.7150/thno.46934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: There is no curative therapy for severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) due to poor understanding of its molecular mechanisms. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is involved in SAP and increased expression of ATF6 has been detected in SAP patients. Here, we aimed to investigate the role of ATF6 in a preclinical SAP mouse model and characterize its regulatory mechanism. Methods: Pancreatic tissues of healthy and SAP patients were collected during surgery. Humanized PRSS1 transgenic mice were treated with caerulein to mimic the SAP development, which was crossed to an ATF6 knockout mouse line, and pancreatic tissues from the resulting pups were screened by proteomics. Adenovirus-mediated delivery to the pancreas of SAP mice was used for shRNA-based knockdown or overexpression. The potential functions and mechanisms of ATF6 were clarified by immunofluorescence, immunoelectron microscopy, Western blotting, qRT-PCR, ChIP-qPCR and luciferase reporter assay. Results: Increased expression of ATF6 was associated with elevated apoptosis, ER and mitochondrial disorder in pancreatic tissues from SAP patients and PRSS1 mice. Knockout of ATF6 in SAP mice attenuated acinar injury, apoptosis and ER disorder. AIFM2, known as a p53 target gene, was identified as a downstream regulatory partner of ATF6, whose expression was increased in SAP. Functionally, AIFM2 could reestablish the pathological disorder in SAP tissues in the absence of ATF6. p53 expression was also increased in SAP mice, which was downregulated by ATF6 knockout. p53 knockout significantly suppressed acinar apoptosis and injury in SAP model. Mechanistically, ATF6 promoted AIFM2 transcription by binding to p53 and AIFM2 promoters. Conclusion: These results reveal that ATF6/p53/AIFM2 pathway plays a critical role in acinar apoptosis during SAP progression, highlighting novel therapeutic target molecules for SAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie-Hui Tan
- Division of Hepatobiliopancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rong-Chang Cao
- Division of Hepatobiliopancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Division of Hepatobiliopancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Tao Zhou
- Department of the Electronic Microscope Room, Central Laboratory, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huo-Ji Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia Xu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xue-Mei Chen
- Department of Occupational Health and Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang-Chen Jin
- The First Clinical Medical College, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Yu Lin
- The First Clinical Medical College, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun-Ling Zeng
- Laboratory Animal Research Center of Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shu-Ji Li
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guo-Dong Hu
- Department of Respiratory and Crit Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Bing Yang
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin Jin
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guo-Wei Zhang
- Division of Hepatobiliopancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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81
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Li J, Cao F, Yin HL, Huang ZJ, Lin ZT, Mao N, Sun B, Wang G. Ferroptosis: past, present and future. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:88. [PMID: 32015325 PMCID: PMC6997353 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2298-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1902] [Impact Index Per Article: 475.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a new type of cell death that was discovered in recent years and is usually accompanied by a large amount of iron accumulation and lipid peroxidation during the cell death process; the occurrence of ferroptosis is iron-dependent. Ferroptosis-inducing factors can directly or indirectly affect glutathione peroxidase through different pathways, resulting in a decrease in antioxidant capacity and accumulation of lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells, ultimately leading to oxidative cell death. Recent studies have shown that ferroptosis is closely related to the pathophysiological processes of many diseases, such as tumors, nervous system diseases, ischemia-reperfusion injury, kidney injury, and blood diseases. How to intervene in the occurrence and development of related diseases by regulating cell ferroptosis has become a hotspot and focus of etiological research and treatment, but the functional changes and specific molecular mechanisms of ferroptosis still need to be further explored. This paper systematically summarizes the latest progress in ferroptosis research, with a focus on providing references for further understanding of its pathogenesis and for proposing new targets for the treatment of related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Feng Cao
- General Surgery Department, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - He-Liang Yin
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Qiqihar, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, 161005, China.,Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Qiqihar Hospital, Southern Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, 161007, China
| | - Zi-Jian Huang
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhi-Tao Lin
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ning Mao
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Bei Sun
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China. .,Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
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82
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Doll S, Freitas FP, Shah R, Aldrovandi M, da Silva MC, Ingold I, Goya Grocin A, Xavier da Silva TN, Panzilius E, Scheel CH, Mourão A, Buday K, Sato M, Wanninger J, Vignane T, Mohana V, Rehberg M, Flatley A, Schepers A, Kurz A, White D, Sauer M, Sattler M, Tate EW, Schmitz W, Schulze A, O'Donnell V, Proneth B, Popowicz GM, Pratt DA, Angeli JPF, Conrad M. FSP1 is a glutathione-independent ferroptosis suppressor. Nature 2019; 575:693-698. [PMID: 31634899 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1707-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1725] [Impact Index Per Article: 345.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent form of necrotic cell death marked by oxidative damage to phospholipids1,2. To date, ferroptosis has been thought to be controlled only by the phospholipid hydroperoxide-reducing enzyme glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4)3,4 and radical-trapping antioxidants5,6. However, elucidation of the factors that underlie the sensitivity of a given cell type to ferroptosis7 is crucial to understand the pathophysiological role of ferroptosis and how it may be exploited for the treatment of cancer. Although metabolic constraints8 and phospholipid composition9,10 contribute to ferroptosis sensitivity, no cell-autonomous mechanisms have been identified that account for the resistance of cells to ferroptosis. Here we used an expression cloning approach to identify genes in human cancer cells that are able to complement the loss of GPX4. We found that the flavoprotein apoptosis-inducing factor mitochondria-associated 2 (AIFM2) is a previously unrecognized anti-ferroptotic gene. AIFM2, which we renamed ferroptosis suppressor protein 1 (FSP1) and which was initially described as a pro-apoptotic gene11, confers protection against ferroptosis elicited by GPX4 deletion. We further demonstrate that the suppression of ferroptosis by FSP1 is mediated by ubiquinone (also known as coenzyme Q10, CoQ10): the reduced form, ubiquinol, traps lipid peroxyl radicals that mediate lipid peroxidation, whereas FSP1 catalyses the regeneration of CoQ10 using NAD(P)H. Pharmacological targeting of FSP1 strongly synergizes with GPX4 inhibitors to trigger ferroptosis in a number of cancer entities. In conclusion, the FSP1-CoQ10-NAD(P)H pathway exists as a stand-alone parallel system, which co-operates with GPX4 and glutathione to suppress phospholipid peroxidation and ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Doll
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Florencio Porto Freitas
- Rudolf Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ron Shah
- Department of Chemistry & Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Maceler Aldrovandi
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Systems Immunity Research Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - Irina Ingold
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Andrea Goya Grocin
- Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Elena Panzilius
- Institute of Stem Cell Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christina H Scheel
- Institute of Stem Cell Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Clinic for Dermatology, St Josef Hospital Bochum, University of Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - André Mourão
- Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Katalin Buday
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Mami Sato
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jonas Wanninger
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Thibaut Vignane
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Vaishnavi Mohana
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Markus Rehberg
- Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Andrew Flatley
- Monoclonal Antibody Core Facility, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Aloys Schepers
- Monoclonal Antibody Core Facility, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Kurz
- Department of Biotechnology & Biophysics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Daniel White
- Systems Immunity Research Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Markus Sauer
- Department of Biotechnology & Biophysics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Michael Sattler
- Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Edward William Tate
- Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Werner Schmitz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Theodor Boveri Institute, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Almut Schulze
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Theodor Boveri Institute, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Valerie O'Donnell
- Systems Immunity Research Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Bettina Proneth
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Grzegorz M Popowicz
- Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Derek A Pratt
- Department of Chemistry & Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - Marcus Conrad
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.
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83
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Bersuker K, Hendricks JM, Li Z, Magtanong L, Ford B, Tang PH, Roberts MA, Tong B, Maimone TJ, Zoncu R, Bassik MC, Nomura DK, Dixon SJ, Olzmann JA. The CoQ oxidoreductase FSP1 acts parallel to GPX4 to inhibit ferroptosis. Nature 2019; 575:688-692. [PMID: 31634900 PMCID: PMC6883167 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1705-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1941] [Impact Index Per Article: 388.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a form of regulated cell death that is caused by the iron-dependent peroxidation of lipids1,2. The glutathione-dependent lipid hydroperoxidase glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) prevents ferroptosis by converting lipid hydroperoxides into non-toxic lipid alcohols3,4. Ferroptosis has previously been implicated in the cell death that underlies several degenerative conditions2, and induction of ferroptosis by the inhibition of GPX4 has emerged as a therapeutic strategy to trigger cancer cell death5. However, sensitivity to GPX4 inhibitors varies greatly across cancer cell lines6, which suggests that additional factors govern resistance to ferroptosis. Here, using a synthetic lethal CRISPR-Cas9 screen, we identify ferroptosis suppressor protein 1 (FSP1) (previously known as apoptosis-inducing factor mitochondrial 2 (AIFM2)) as a potent ferroptosis-resistance factor. Our data indicate that myristoylation recruits FSP1 to the plasma membrane where it functions as an oxidoreductase that reduces coenzyme Q10 (CoQ) (also known as ubiquinone-10), which acts as a lipophilic radical-trapping antioxidant that halts the propagation of lipid peroxides. We further find that FSP1 expression positively correlates with ferroptosis resistance across hundreds of cancer cell lines, and that FSP1 mediates resistance to ferroptosis in lung cancer cells in culture and in mouse tumour xenografts. Thus, our data identify FSP1 as a key component of a non-mitochondrial CoQ antioxidant system that acts in parallel to the canonical glutathione-based GPX4 pathway. These findings define a ferroptosis suppression pathway and indicate that pharmacological inhibition of FSP1 may provide an effective strategy to sensitize cancer cells to ferroptosis-inducing chemotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill Bersuker
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Joseph M Hendricks
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Zhipeng Li
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - Breanna Ford
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Peter H Tang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Melissa A Roberts
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Bingqi Tong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Thomas J Maimone
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Roberto Zoncu
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Michael C Bassik
- Department of Genetics and Stanford University Chemistry, Engineering and Medicine for Human Health (ChEM-H), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Daniel K Nomura
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Scott J Dixon
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - James A Olzmann
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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84
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Leal Zimmer FMA, Moura H, Barr JR, Ferreira HB. Intracellular changes of a swine tracheal cell line infected with a Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae pathogenic strain. Microb Pathog 2019; 137:103717. [PMID: 31494300 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae is the etiological agent of enzootic pneumonia (EP), a widespread disease that causes major economic losses to the pig industry. The swine host response plays an important role in the outcome of M. hyopneumoniae infections. The whole proteome of newborn pig trachea (NPTr) epithelial cells infected with the M. hyopneumoniae pathogenic strain 7448 was analyzed using an LC-MS/MS approach to shed light on intracellular processes triggered in response to the pathogen. Overall, 853 swine protein species were identified, 156 of which were differentially represented in response to M. hyopneumoniae 7448 infection in comparison with non-infected control cells. These differentially represented proteins were categorized by function. Fifty-seven of them were assigned to the immune system and/or response to stimulus functional subcategories. Comparative expression analysis of these immune-related proteins in NPTr cells infected with attenuated or non-pathogenic mycoplasmas (M. hyopneumoniae J strain and M. flocculare, respectively) revealed proteins whose abundance was altered only in response to the pathogenic M. hyopneumoniae 7448 strain. Among these proteins, calcium homeostasis and endoplasmic reticulum stress-related biomarkers were detected, providing evidence of molecular mechanisms that might lead to swine cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda M A Leal Zimmer
- Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural e Funcional, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Hercules Moura
- Biological Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Clinical Chemistry Branch, Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - John R Barr
- Biological Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Clinical Chemistry Branch, Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Henrique Bunselmeyer Ferreira
- Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural e Funcional, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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85
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Aryamloo P, Asgarian-Omran H, Aslani N, Hossein-Nataj H, Shokohi T, Badali H, Nabili M, Abdollahi Gohar A, Moazeni M. Cellular apoptosis: An alternative mechanism of action for caspofungin against Candida glabrata. Curr Med Mycol 2019; 5:9-15. [PMID: 31321332 PMCID: PMC6626714 DOI: 10.18502/cmm.5.2.1155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Although the mechanism of action for echinocandins is known, the physiological mechanisms by which these antifungal agents cause cell death via the classical apoptotic pathways are not well-defined yet. Regarding this, the present study aimed to evaluate the mechanisms of caspofungin-induced Candida glabrata cell death. Materials and Methods: For the purpose of the study, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of caspofungin against C. glabrata (ATCC 90030) was determined using the broth microdilution reference method (CLSI M27-A2 and M27-S4). The annexin V and propidium iodide staining was performed to determine the way through which caspofungin acts against C. glabrata (i.e., through the induction of apoptosis and/or necrosis). Additionally, the possible effect of caspofungin on inducing the expression of two apoptotic genes, namely MCA1 and NUC, was studied using the real-time polymerase chain reaction assay. Results: According to the obtained MIC value (0.5 µg/mL), C. glabrata, exposed to 0.25, 0.5, and 1 µg/mL of caspofungin, exhibited the features of late apoptosis/necrosis after 18 h of incubation. Furthermore, the use of 0.25, 0.5, and 1 µg/ml caspofungin induced apoptosis (early/late) in 14.67%, 17.04%, and 15.89% of the cells, respectively. The results showed a significant difference between the percentages of early-apoptotic cells at the three concentrations (P<0.05). In addition, the rate of necrosis was significantly greater than that of apoptosis in response to caspofungin. Accordingly, necrosis occurred in 71.26%, 71.26%, and 61.26% of the cells at the caspofungin concentrations of 0.25, 0.5, and 1 µg/mL, respectively (P<0.05). The analysis of the data in the REST software demonstrated a significant increase in the expression of MCA1 and NUC1 genes (P<0.05). Conclusion: As the findings of the present study indicated, caspofungin promoted both necrosis and apoptosis of C. glabrata cells at concentrations higher than or equal to the MIC value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Aryamloo
- Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Hossein Asgarian-Omran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,Immunogenetic Research Center, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Narges Aslani
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hadi Hossein-Nataj
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Tahereh Shokohi
- Invasive Fungi Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Hamid Badali
- Invasive Fungi Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Nabili
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Sari Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sari, Iran
| | | | - Maryam Moazeni
- Invasive Fungi Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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86
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Gonçalves AP, Heller J, Daskalov A, Videira A, Glass NL. Regulated Forms of Cell Death in Fungi. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1837. [PMID: 28983298 PMCID: PMC5613156 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell death occurs in all domains of life. While some cells die in an uncontrolled way due to exposure to external cues, other cells die in a regulated manner as part of a genetically encoded developmental program. Like other eukaryotic species, fungi undergo programmed cell death (PCD) in response to various triggers. For example, exposure to external stress conditions can activate PCD pathways in fungi. Calcium redistribution between the extracellular space, the cytoplasm and intracellular storage organelles appears to be pivotal for this kind of cell death. PCD is also part of the fungal life cycle, in which it occurs during sexual and asexual reproduction, aging, and as part of development associated with infection in phytopathogenic fungi. Additionally, a fungal non-self-recognition mechanism termed heterokaryon incompatibility (HI) also involves PCD. Some of the molecular players mediating PCD during HI show remarkable similarities to major constituents involved in innate immunity in metazoans and plants. In this review we discuss recent research on fungal PCD mechanisms in comparison to more characterized mechanisms in metazoans. We highlight the role of PCD in fungi in response to exogenic compounds, fungal development and non-self-recognition processes and discuss identified intracellular signaling pathways and molecules that regulate fungal PCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pedro Gonçalves
- Plant and Microbial Biology Department, University of California, BerkeleyBerkeley, CA, United States
| | - Jens Heller
- Plant and Microbial Biology Department, University of California, BerkeleyBerkeley, CA, United States
| | - Asen Daskalov
- Plant and Microbial Biology Department, University of California, BerkeleyBerkeley, CA, United States
| | - Arnaldo Videira
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do PortoPorto, Portugal.,I3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em SaúdePorto, Portugal
| | - N Louise Glass
- Plant and Microbial Biology Department, University of California, BerkeleyBerkeley, CA, United States
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87
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Kaczanowski S. Apoptosis: its origin, history, maintenance and the medical implications for cancer and aging. Phys Biol 2016; 13:031001. [DOI: 10.1088/1478-3975/13/3/031001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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88
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Liu J, Haddad EK, Marceau J, Morabito KM, Rao SS, Filali-Mouhim A, Sekaly RP, Graham BS. A Numerically Subdominant CD8 T Cell Response to Matrix Protein of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Controls Infection with Limited Immunopathology. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1005486. [PMID: 26943673 PMCID: PMC4778879 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
CD8 T cells are involved in pathogen clearance and infection-induced pathology in respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection. Studying bulk responses masks the contribution of individual CD8 T cell subsets to protective immunity and immunopathology. In particular, the roles of subdominant responses that are potentially beneficial to the host are rarely appreciated when the focus is on magnitude instead of quality of response. Here, by evaluating CD8 T cell responses in CB6F1 hybrid mice, in which multiple epitopes are recognized, we found that a numerically subdominant CD8 T cell response against DbM187 epitope of the virus matrix protein expressed high avidity TCR and enhanced signaling pathways associated with CD8 T cell effector functions. Each DbM187 T effector cell lysed more infected targets on a per cell basis than the numerically dominant KdM282 T cells, and controlled virus replication more efficiently with less pulmonary inflammation and illness than the previously well-characterized KdM282 T cell response. Our data suggest that the clinical outcome of viral infections is determined by the integrated functional properties of a variety of responding CD8 T cells, and that the highest magnitude response may not necessarily be the best in terms of benefit to the host. Understanding how to induce highly efficient and functional T cells would inform strategies for designing vaccines intended to provide T cell-mediated immunity. CD8 T cells play a key role in RSV clearance, immunopathology and disease. Therefore, CD8 T cells can help or harm the host depending on their timing, magnitude, and function. The CD8 T cell response represents a heterogeneous population of cells with phenotypically and functionally diverse subsets, and needs to at least be studied at the level of epitope specificity to understand how to diminish the risk of immunopathology. Studying the bulk response masks distinct contributions of individual CD8 T subsets to immunity and immunopathology. Focusing on CD8 T cell response with the highest magnitude overlooks role of subdominant responses. Here, we studied response to different epitopes and revealed that a numerically subdominant CD8 T cell response against DbM187 epitope of the virus matrix protein controlled virus replication efficiently with limited pulmonary inflammation and illness compared to the previously well-characterized and numerically dominant KdM282 T cell response. Our data show that selectively boosting of epitope-specific CD8 T cell responses may be more beneficial than indiscriminant boosting of all available epitopes to achieve rapid viral clearance while limiting immunopathology. This work has implications for antigen design of vaccines intended to induce T-cell-mediated immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JL); (BSG)
| | - Elias K. Haddad
- Drexel University, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Joshua Marceau
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kaitlyn M. Morabito
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Srinivas S. Rao
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ali Filali-Mouhim
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Rafick-Pierre Sekaly
- Center for AIDS Research, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Barney S. Graham
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JL); (BSG)
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89
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Miriyala S, Thippakorn C, Chaiswing L, Xu Y, Noel T, Tovmasyan A, Batinic-Haberle I, Vander Kooi CW, Chi W, Latif AA, Panchatcharam M, Prachayasittikul V, Butterfield DA, Vore M, Moscow J, St Clair DK. Novel role of 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal in AIFm2-mediated mitochondrial stress signaling. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 91:68-80. [PMID: 26689472 PMCID: PMC4761499 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2015] [Revised: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular complications are major side effects of many anticancer drugs. Accumulated evidence indicates that oxidative stress in mitochondria plays an important role in cardiac injury, but how mitochondrial redox mechanisms are involved in cardiac dysfunction remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE) activates the translocation of the mitochondrial apoptosis inducing factor (AIFm2) and facilitates apoptosis in heart tissue of mice and humans. Doxorubicin treatments significantly enhance cardiac levels of HNE and AIFm2. HNE adduction of AIFm2 inactivates the NADH oxidoreductase activity of AIFm2 and facilitates its translocation from mitochondria. His 174 on AIFm2 is the critical target of HNE adduction that triggers this functional switch. HNE adduction and translocation of AIFm2 from mitochondria upon Doxorubicin treatment are attenuated by superoxide dismutase mimetics. These results identify a previously unrecognized role of HNE with important consequences for mitochondrial stress signaling, heart failure, and the side effects of cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumitra Miriyala
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | | | - Luksana Chaiswing
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Teresa Noel
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Artak Tovmasyan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ines Batinic-Haberle
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Wang Chi
- Biostatistics Core, Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Ahmed Abdel Latif
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Manikandan Panchatcharam
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | | | - D Allan Butterfield
- Department of Chemistry and Membrane Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Mary Vore
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Jeffrey Moscow
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Daret K St Clair
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
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90
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Elvitigala DAS, Jayasooriya RGPT, Whang I, Lee J. First report on the gastropod proapoptotic AIF3 counterpart from disk abalone (Haliotis discus discus) deciphering its transcriptional modulation by induced pathogenic stress. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 47:697-705. [PMID: 26455649 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis inducing factor (AIF) is a flavoprotein that is involved in oxidative phosphorylation and induces apoptosis in eukaryotic cells. There are three isozymes of AIF that have been identified to date, designated as AIF1, AIF2, and AIF3; the human AIF3 is also known as an AIF-like protein (AIFL). This study aimed to identify and characterize a homologue of AIF3 from disk abalone (AbAIF3) that belongs to the phylum Mollusca. The open reading frame (ORF) of AbAIF3 is 1749 base pairs (bp) in length and encodes a protein of 583 amino acids, with a predicted molecular mass of 63.14 kDa. Based on our in-silico analysis, the AbAIF3 protein harbored the typical domain architecture as that of the known AIF family proteins, consisting of N-terminal Rieske and pyridine nucleotide-disulphide oxidoreductase domain. Comparative protein sequence analysis confirmed that AbAIF3 is a homolog of AIF3. Moreover, our phylogenetic analysis revealed that AbAIF3 had a close evolutionary relationship with the molluscan counterparts. Interestingly, AbAIF3 was shown to induce apoptosis in HEK293T cells using transfection assays followed by flow cytometric analysis. In addition, we found that AbAIF3 mRNA expression was ubiquitous in physiologically important tissues, and significantly modulated upon experimental immune stimulations in hemocytes. Collectively, our study illustrates the indispensable role of AbAIF3 in inducing apoptosis in disk abalones, which in turn might be involved in hosts' immune defense mechanisms against microbial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Don Anushka Sandaruwan Elvitigala
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea; Fish Vaccine Development Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - R G P T Jayasooriya
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Ilson Whang
- Fish Vaccine Development Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Jehee Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea; Fish Vaccine Development Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea.
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91
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Shelar SB, Kaminska KK, Reddy SA, Kumar D, Tan CT, Yu VC, Lu J, Holmgren A, Hagen T, Chew EH. Thioredoxin-dependent regulation of AIF-mediated DNA damage. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 87:125-36. [PMID: 26119781 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2015] [Revised: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The thioredoxin (Trx) system is one major redox system in mammalian cells. One of its component, Trx, is involved in redox homeostasis and many cellular biological processes through participating in disulfide reduction, S-nitrosylation/S-denitrosylation reactions and protein-protein interactions. In this study, we report the identification of a novel interaction between cytosolic/nuclear Trx1 and apoptosis inducing factor (AIF), and the redox sensitivity and biological significance of the Trx-AIF interaction was characterized. Cytosolic Trx1 but not mitochondrial Trx2 was observed to interact with AIF under physiological conditions and Trx1's active site cysteines were crucial for the interaction. Under oxidative stress conditions, Trx-AIF interaction was disrupted. When the treated cells were allowed to recover from oxidative stress by means of removal of the oxidants, interaction between Trx1 and AIF was re-established time-dependently, which underpins the biological relevance of a Trx-dependent redox regulation of AIF-mediated cell death. Indeed, in times of oxidative stress, nuclear translocation of AIF was found to occur concurrently with perturbations to the Trx-AIF interaction. Once localized in the nucleus, reduced Trx1 hindered the interaction between AIF and DNA, thereby bringing about an attenuation of AIF-mediated DNA damage. In conclusion, characterization of the Trx-AIF interaction has led to an understanding of the effect of reduced Trx1 on possibly regulating AIF-dependent cell death through impeding AIF-mediated DNA damage. Importantly, identification of the novel interaction between Trx1 and AIF has provided opportunities to design and develop therapeutically relevant strategies that either promote or prevent this protein-protein interaction for the treatment of different disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep B Shelar
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, S117543, Republic ofSingapore
| | - Kamila K Kaminska
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, S117543, Republic ofSingapore
| | - Shridhivya A Reddy
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, S117543, Republic ofSingapore
| | - Dilip Kumar
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A⁎STAR), S138648, Republic of Singapore
| | - Chong-Teik Tan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, S117543, Republic ofSingapore
| | - Victor C Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, S117543, Republic ofSingapore
| | - Jun Lu
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Arne Holmgren
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thilo Hagen
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, S117597, Republic of Singapore
| | - Eng-Hui Chew
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, S117543, Republic ofSingapore.
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92
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Fazakerley DJ, Naghiloo S, Chaudhuri R, Koumanov F, Burchfield JG, Thomas KC, Krycer JR, Prior MJ, Parker BL, Murrow BA, Stöckli J, Meoli CC, Holman GD, James DE. Proteomic Analysis of GLUT4 Storage Vesicles Reveals Tumor Suppressor Candidate 5 (TUSC5) as a Novel Regulator of Insulin Action in Adipocytes. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:23528-42. [PMID: 26240143 PMCID: PMC4583025 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.657361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin signaling augments glucose transport by regulating glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) trafficking from specialized intracellular compartments, termed GLUT4 storage vesicles (GSVs), to the plasma membrane. Proteomic analysis of GSVs by mass spectrometry revealed enrichment of 59 proteins in these vesicles. We measured reduced abundance of 23 of these proteins following insulin stimulation and assigned these as high confidence GSV proteins. These included established GSV proteins such as GLUT4 and insulin-responsive aminopeptidase, as well as six proteins not previously reported to be localized to GSVs. Tumor suppressor candidate 5 (TUSC5) was shown to be a novel GSV protein that underwent a 3.7-fold increase in abundance at the plasma membrane in response to insulin. siRNA-mediated knockdown of TUSC5 decreased insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, although overexpression of TUSC5 had the opposite effect, implicating TUSC5 as a positive regulator of insulin-stimulated glucose transport in adipocytes. Incubation of adipocytes with TNFα caused insulin resistance and a concomitant reduction in TUSC5. Consistent with previous studies, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ agonism reversed TNFα-induced insulin resistance. TUSC5 expression was necessary but insufficient for PPARγ-mediated reversal of insulin resistance. These findings functionally link TUSC5 to GLUT4 trafficking, insulin action, insulin resistance, and PPARγ action in the adipocyte. Further studies are required to establish the exact role of TUSC5 in adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Fazakerley
- From the Charles Perkins Centre, School of Molecular Bioscience, and The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia, and
| | - Sheyda Naghiloo
- From the Charles Perkins Centre, School of Molecular Bioscience, and The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia, and
| | - Rima Chaudhuri
- From the Charles Perkins Centre, School of Molecular Bioscience, and The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia, and
| | - Françoise Koumanov
- the Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - James G Burchfield
- From the Charles Perkins Centre, School of Molecular Bioscience, and The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia, and
| | - Kristen C Thomas
- From the Charles Perkins Centre, School of Molecular Bioscience, and
| | - James R Krycer
- From the Charles Perkins Centre, School of Molecular Bioscience, and The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia, and
| | - Matthew J Prior
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia, and
| | - Ben L Parker
- From the Charles Perkins Centre, School of Molecular Bioscience, and The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia, and
| | - Beverley A Murrow
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia, and
| | - Jacqueline Stöckli
- From the Charles Perkins Centre, School of Molecular Bioscience, and The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia, and
| | - Christopher C Meoli
- From the Charles Perkins Centre, School of Molecular Bioscience, and The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia, and
| | - Geoffrey D Holman
- the Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - David E James
- From the Charles Perkins Centre, School of Molecular Bioscience, and The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia, and School of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia,
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93
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Zhang K, Wang X, Wang C, Zheng H, Li T, Xiao S, Wang M, Fei C, Zhang L, Xue F. Investigation of quinocetone-induced mitochondrial damage and apoptosis in HepG2 cells and compared with its metabolites. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2015; 39:555-567. [PMID: 25681706 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2015.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Revised: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Quinocetone (QCT) has been widely used as an animal growth promoter in China. However, amounts of available data indicated that QCT probably had potential toxicity. The present study was aimed to investigate the genotoxicity, mitochondrial damage and apoptosis in HepG2 cells for QCT and its metabolites, DQCT and MQCA. QCT has seriously cytotoxic to HepG2 cells. The cell viability test and cytokinesis-block micronucleus test showed that the micronucleus frequency of cells treated with QCT has increased significantly, compared with DQCT and MQCA. With increasing of QCT concentrations, the genomic template stability and mitochondrial damage of HepG2 cells were aggravated. QCT-induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells were also observed. Data of caspase activities in measurement and real-time RT-PCR possibly suggested both of the mitochondria-dependent and mitochondria-independent pathways participated in the HepG2 cells apoptosis. However, all the results suggested that DQCT and MQCA showed only a little cytotoxic to HepG2 cells. In a word, QCT had toxic effects on HepG2 cells and resulted in the mitochondria-dependent and mitochondria-independent pathways of apoptosis, but the intermediate metabolites of QCT (DQCT and MQCA) were not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Safety Evaluation and Residues Research, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China.
| | - Xiaoyang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Safety Evaluation and Residues Research, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Chunmei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Safety Evaluation and Residues Research, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Haihong Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Safety Evaluation and Residues Research, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Tao Li
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Safety Evaluation and Residues Research, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Sui Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Safety Evaluation and Residues Research, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Mi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Safety Evaluation and Residues Research, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Chenzhong Fei
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Safety Evaluation and Residues Research, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Lifang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Safety Evaluation and Residues Research, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Feiqun Xue
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Safety Evaluation and Residues Research, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
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Tao YF, Li ZH, Wang NN, Fang F, Xu LX, Pan J. tp53-dependent G2 arrest mediator candidate gene, Reprimo, is down-regulated by promoter hypermethylation in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma 2015; 56:2931-44. [PMID: 25629980 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2015.1011157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Reprimo (RPRM) is a novel tumor suppressor. However, the expression and molecular function of RPRM in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is still unknown. We observed hypermethylation of the RPRM promoter in 8/11 leukemia cell lines and in 44.8% (47/105) of pediatric AML samples compared with 6.7% (2/30) of control samples. Bisulfite genomic sequencing analysis showed that the RPRM promoter was methylated in the majority of AML samples (66.2-83.1%), whereas RPRM was almost unmethylated in normal bone marrow samples (20.0-27.7%). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed poor survival outcomes in samples with RPRM promoter methylation (p < 0.001). Proliferation of AML cells was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner (p < 0.05) after RPRM overexpression with lentivirus transfection. Apoptosis was up-regulated in RPRM-overexpressing AML cells. Real-time polymerase chain reaction array analysis revealed 50 dysregulated genes that might be implicated in apoptosis of RPRM-induced AML cells. RPRM may be a putative tumor suppressor in pediatric AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Fang Tao
- a Department of Hematology and Oncology , Children's Hospital of Soochow University , Suzhou , China
| | - Zhi-Heng Li
- a Department of Hematology and Oncology , Children's Hospital of Soochow University , Suzhou , China
| | - Na-Na Wang
- a Department of Hematology and Oncology , Children's Hospital of Soochow University , Suzhou , China
| | - Fang Fang
- a Department of Hematology and Oncology , Children's Hospital of Soochow University , Suzhou , China
| | - Li-Xiao Xu
- a Department of Hematology and Oncology , Children's Hospital of Soochow University , Suzhou , China
| | - Jian Pan
- a Department of Hematology and Oncology , Children's Hospital of Soochow University , Suzhou , China
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95
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Tao YF, Xu LX, Lu J, Hu SY, Fang F, Cao L, Xiao PF, Du XJ, Sun LC, Li ZH, Wang NN, Su GH, Li YH, Li G, Zhao H, Li YP, Xu YY, Zhou HT, Wu Y, Jin MF, Liu L, Zhu XM, Ni J, Wang J, Xing F, Zhao WL, Pan J. Early B-cell factor 3 (EBF3) is a novel tumor suppressor gene with promoter hypermethylation in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2015; 34:4. [PMID: 25609158 PMCID: PMC4311429 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-014-0118-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML) comprises up to 20% of all childhood leukemia. Recent research shows that aberrant DNA methylation patterning may play a role in leukemogenesis. The epigenetic silencing of the EBF3 locus is very frequent in glioblastoma. However, the expression profiles and molecular function of EBF3 in pediatric AML is still unclear. Methods Twelve human acute leukemia cell lines, 105 pediatric AML samples and 30 normal bone marrow/idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (NBM/ITP) control samples were analyzed. Transcriptional level of EBF3 was evaluated by semi-quantitative and real-time PCR. EBF3 methylation status was determined by methylation specific PCR (MSP) and bisulfite genomic sequencing (BGS). The molecular mechanism of EBF3 was investigated by apoptosis assays and PCR array analysis. Results EBF3 promoter was hypermethylated in 10/12 leukemia cell lines. Aberrant EBF3 methylation was observed in 42.9% (45/105) of the pediatric AML samples using MSP analysis, and the BGS results confirmed promoter methylation. EBF3 expression was decreased in the AML samples compared with control. Methylated samples revealed similar survival outcomes by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. EBF3 overexpression significantly inhibited cell proliferation and increased apoptosis. Real-time PCR array analysis revealed 93 dysregulated genes possibly implicated in the apoptosis of EBF3-induced AML cells. Conclusion In this study, we firstly identified epigenetic inactivation of EBF3 in both AML cell lines and pediatric AML samples for the first time. Our findings also showed for the first time that transcriptional overexpression of EBF3 could inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis in AML cells. We identified 93 dysregulated apoptosis-related genes in EBF3-overexpressing, including DCC, AIFM2 and DAPK1. Most of these genes have never been related with EBF3 over expression. These results may provide new insights into the molecular mechanism of EBF3-induced apoptosis; however, further research will be required to determine the underlying details. Our findings suggest that EBF3 may act as a putative tumor suppressor gene in pediatric AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Fang Tao
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Li-Xiao Xu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Jun Lu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Shao-Yan Hu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Fang Fang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Lan Cao
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Pei-Fang Xiao
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Xiao-Juan Du
- Department of Gastroenterology, the 5th Hospital of Chinese PLA, Yin chuan, China.
| | - Li-Chao Sun
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Cancer Institute (Hospital), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhi-Heng Li
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Na-Na Wang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Guang-Hao Su
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Yan-Hong Li
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - He Zhao
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Yi-Ping Li
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Yun-Yun Xu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Hui-Ting Zhou
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Yi Wu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Mei-Fang Jin
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Xue-Ming Zhu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Jian Ni
- Translational Research Center, Second Hospital, The Second Clinical School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Feng Xing
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Wen-Li Zhao
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Jian Pan
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
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96
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Nishizaki T, Kanno T, Tsuchiya A, Kaku Y, Shimizu T, Tanaka A. 1-[2-(2-Methoxyphenylamino)ethylamino]-3-(naphthalene-1- yloxy)propan-2-ol may be a promising anticancer drug. Molecules 2014; 19:21462-72. [PMID: 25532843 PMCID: PMC6271752 DOI: 10.3390/molecules191221462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Revised: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
We have originally synthesized the naftopidil analogue 1-[2-(2-methoxyphenylamino)ethylamino]-3-(naphthalene-1-yloxy)propan-2-ol (HUHS 1015) as a new anticancer drug. HUHS1015 induces cell death in a wide variety of human cancer cell lines originated from malignant pleural mesothelioma, lung cancer, hepatoma, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, bladder cancer, prostate cancer, and renal cancer. HUHS1015-induced cell death includes necrosis (necroptosis) and apoptosis, and the underlying mechanism differs depending upon cancer cell types. HUHS1015 effectively suppresses tumor growth in mice inoculated with NCI-H2052, MKN45, or CW2 cells, with a potential similar to or higher than that of currently used anticancer drugs. Here we show how HUHS1015 might offer brilliant hope for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Nishizaki
- Division of Bioinformation, Department of Physiology, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Kanno
- Division of Bioinformation, Department of Physiology, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Japan.
| | - Ayako Tsuchiya
- Division of Bioinformation, Department of Physiology, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Japan.
| | - Yoshiko Kaku
- Division of Bioinformation, Department of Physiology, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Japan.
| | - Tadashi Shimizu
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Advanced Medicinal Research Center, Hyogo University of Health Sciences, 1-3-6 Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-8530, Japan.
| | - Akito Tanaka
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Advanced Medicinal Research Center, Hyogo University of Health Sciences, 1-3-6 Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-8530, Japan.
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97
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Kuo HC, Hui S, Choi J, Asiegbu FO, Valkonen JPT, Lee YH. Secret lifestyles of Neurospora crassa. Sci Rep 2014; 4:5135. [PMID: 24875794 PMCID: PMC4038807 DOI: 10.1038/srep05135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurospora crassa has a long history as an excellent model for genetic, cellular, and biochemical research. Although this fungus is known as a saprotroph, it normally appears on burned vegetations or trees after forest fires. However, due to a lack of experimental evidence, the nature of its association with living plants remains enigmatic. Here we report that Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) is a host plant for N. crassa. The endophytic lifestyle of N. crassa was found in its interaction with Scots pine. Moreover, the fungus can switch to a pathogenic state when its balanced interaction with the host is disrupted. Our data reveal previously unknown lifestyles of N. crassa, which are likely controlled by both environmental and host factors. Switching among the endophytic, pathogenic, and saprotrophic lifestyles confers upon fungi phenotypic plasticity in adapting to changing environments and drives the evolution of fungi and associated plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Che Kuo
- Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sun Hui
- Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaeyoung Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Fungal Pathogenesis, and Center for Fungal Genetic Resources, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Korea
| | | | - Jari P. T. Valkonen
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yong-Hwan Lee
- Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Fungal Pathogenesis, and Center for Fungal Genetic Resources, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Korea
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98
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Batinic-Haberle I, Tovmasyan A, Roberts ERH, Vujaskovic Z, Leong KW, Spasojevic I. SOD therapeutics: latest insights into their structure-activity relationships and impact on the cellular redox-based signaling pathways. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 20:2372-415. [PMID: 23875805 PMCID: PMC4005498 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2012.5147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2013] [Revised: 06/30/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymes are indispensable and ubiquitous antioxidant defenses maintaining the steady-state levels of O2·(-); no wonder, thus, that their mimics are remarkably efficacious in essentially any animal model of oxidative stress injuries thus far explored. RECENT ADVANCES Structure-activity relationship (half-wave reduction potential [E1/2] versus log kcat), originally reported for Mn porphyrins (MnPs), is valid for any other class of SOD mimics, as it is dominated by the superoxide reduction and oxidation potential. The biocompatible E1/2 of ∼+300 mV versus normal hydrogen electrode (NHE) allows powerful SOD mimics as mild oxidants and antioxidants (alike O2·(-)) to readily traffic electrons among reactive species and signaling proteins, serving as fine mediators of redox-based signaling pathways. Based on similar thermodynamics, both SOD enzymes and their mimics undergo similar reactions, however, due to vastly different sterics, with different rate constants. CRITICAL ISSUES Although log kcat(O2·(-)) is a good measure of therapeutic potential of SOD mimics, discussions of their in vivo mechanisms of actions remain mostly of speculative character. Most recently, the therapeutic and mechanistic relevance of oxidation of ascorbate and glutathionylation and oxidation of protein thiols by MnP-based SOD mimics and subsequent inactivation of nuclear factor κB has been substantiated in rescuing normal and killing cancer cells. Interaction of MnPs with thiols seems to be, at least in part, involved in up-regulation of endogenous antioxidative defenses, leading to the healing of diseased cells. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Mechanistic explorations of single and combined therapeutic strategies, along with studies of bioavailability and translational aspects, will comprise future work in optimizing redox-active drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Batinic-Haberle
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical School, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Artak Tovmasyan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical School, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Emily R. H. Roberts
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Zeljko Vujaskovic
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical School, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Kam W. Leong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
- King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia Kingdom
| | - Ivan Spasojevic
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical School, Durham, North Carolina
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Thangam R, Senthilkumar D, Suresh V, Sathuvan M, Sivasubramanian S, Pazhanichamy K, Gorlagunta PK, Kannan S, Gunasekaran P, Rengasamy R, Sivaraman J. Induction of ROS-dependent mitochondria-mediated intrinsic apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 cells by glycoprotein from Codium decorticatum. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:3410-3421. [PMID: 24694116 DOI: 10.1021/jf405329e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Marine macroalgae consist of a range of bioactive molecules exhibiting different biological activities, and many of these properties are attributed to sulfated polysaccharides, fucoxanthin, phycobiliproteins, and halogenated compounds. In this study, a glycoprotein (GLP) with a molecular mass of ∼48 kDa was extracted and purified from Codium decorticatum and investigated for its cytotoxic properties against human MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. The IC₅₀ values of GLP against MDA-MB-231 and normal breast HBL-100 cells (control) were 75 ± 0.23 μg/mL (IC₂₅), 55 ± 0.32 μg/mL (IC₅₀), and 30 ± 0.43 μg/mL (IC₇₅) and 90 ± 0.57 μg/mL (IC₂₅), 80 ± 0.48 μg/mL (IC₅₀), and 60 ± 0.26 μg/mL (IC₇₅), respectively. Chromatin condensation and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage studies showed that the GLP inhibited cell viability by inducing apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 cells. Induction of mitochondria-mediated intrinsic apoptotic pathway by GLP was evidenced by the events of loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨ(m)), bax/bcl-2 dysregulation, cytochrome c release, and activation of caspases 3 and 9. Apoptosis-associated factors such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and loss of ΔΨ(m) were evaluated by DCFH-DA staining and flow cytometry, respectively. Cell cycle arrest of G₂/M phase and expression of apoptosis associated proteins were determined using flow cytometry and Western blotting, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramar Thangam
- Proteomics and Molecular Cell Physiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University , Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
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100
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CZT-1 is a novel transcription factor controlling cell death and natural drug resistance in Neurospora crassa. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2014; 4:1091-102. [PMID: 24717808 PMCID: PMC4065252 DOI: 10.1534/g3.114.011312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
We pinpoint CZT-1 (cell death–activated zinc cluster transcription factor) as a novel transcription factor involved in tolerance to cell death induced by the protein kinase inhibitor staurosporine in Neurospora crassa. Transcriptional profiling of staurosporine-treated wild-type cells by RNA-sequencing showed that genes encoding the machinery for protein synthesis are enriched among the genes repressed by the drug. Functional category enrichment analyses also show that genes encoding components of the mitochondrial respiratory chain are downregulated by staurosporine, whereas genes involved in endoplasmic reticulum activities are upregulated. In contrast, a staurosporine-treated Δczt-1 deletion strain is unable to repress the genes for the respiratory chain and to induce the genes related to the endoplasmic reticulum, indicating a role for CZT-1 in the regulation of activity of these organelles. The Δczt-1 mutant strain displays increased reactive oxygen species accumulation on insult with staurosporine. A genome-wide association study of a wild population of N. crassa isolates pointed out genes associated with a cell death role of CZT-1, including catalase-1 (cat-1) and apoptosis-inducing factor–homologous mitochondrion-associated inducer of death 2 (amid-2). Importantly, differences in the expression of czt-1 correlates with resistance to staurosporine among wild isolate strains. Our results reveal a novel transcription factor that regulates drug resistance and cell death in response to staurosporine in laboratory strains as well as in wild isolates of N. crassa.
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