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Jin W, Lu Y, Li Q, Wang J, Zhang H, Chang G, Lin Y, Pang T. Down-regulation of the P-glycoprotein relevant for multidrug resistance by intracellular acidification through the crosstalk of MAPK signaling pathways. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2014; 54:111-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2014.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Revised: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Pereira AM, Tudor C, Pouille PA, Shekhar S, Kanger JS, Subramaniam V, Martín-Blanco E. Plasticity of the MAPK signaling network in response to mechanical stress. PLoS One 2014; 9:e101963. [PMID: 25025279 PMCID: PMC4099004 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells display versatile responses to mechanical inputs and recent studies have identified the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades mediating the biological effects observed upon mechanical stimulation. Although, MAPK pathways can act insulated from each other, several mechanisms facilitate the crosstalk between the components of these cascades. Yet, the combinatorial complexity of potential molecular interactions between these elements have prevented the understanding of their concerted functions. To analyze the plasticity of the MAPK signaling network in response to mechanical stress we performed a non-saturating epistatic screen in resting and stretched conditions employing as readout a JNK responsive dJun-FRET biosensor. By knocking down MAPKs, and JNK pathway regulators, singly or in pairs in Drosophila S2R+ cells, we have uncovered unexpected regulatory links between JNK cascade kinases, Rho GTPases, MAPKs and the JNK phosphatase Puc. These relationships have been integrated in a system network model at equilibrium accounting for all experimentally validated interactions. This model allows predicting the global reaction of the network to its modulation in response to mechanical stress. It also highlights its context-dependent sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea M. Pereira
- Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona (CSIC), Parc Cientific de Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac 10–12, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cicerone Tudor
- Nanobiophysics, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology & MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Philippe-Alexandre Pouille
- Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona (CSIC), Parc Cientific de Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac 10–12, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Shashank Shekhar
- Nanobiophysics, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology & MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes S. Kanger
- Nanobiophysics, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology & MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Vinod Subramaniam
- Nanobiophysics, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology & MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
- * E-mail: (VS); (EMB)
| | - Enrique Martín-Blanco
- Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona (CSIC), Parc Cientific de Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac 10–12, Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail: (VS); (EMB)
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Sorafenib resistance and JNK signaling in carcinoma during extracellular matrix stiffening. Biomaterials 2014; 35:5749-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.03.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Rana A, Rana B, Mishra R, Sondarva G, Rangasamy V, Das S, Viswakarma N, Kanthasamy A. Mixed Lineage Kinase-c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase Axis: A Potential Therapeutic Target in Cancer. Genes Cancer 2014; 4:334-41. [PMID: 24349631 DOI: 10.1177/1947601913485415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mixed lineage kinases (MLKs) are members of the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase (MAP3K) family and are reported to activate MAP kinase pathways. There have been at least 9 members of the MLK family identified to date, although the physiological functions of all the family members are yet unknown. However, MLKs in general have been implicated in neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson and Alzheimer diseases. Recent reports suggest that some of the MLK members could play a role in cancer via modulating cell migration, invasion, cell cycle, and apoptosis. This review article will first describe the biology of MLK members and then discuss the current progress that relates to their functions in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Rana
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA ; Hines Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Hines, IL, USA
| | - Basabi Rana
- Hines Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Hines, IL, USA ; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Rajakishore Mishra
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA ; Centre for Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Ranchi, India
| | - Gautam Sondarva
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Velusamy Rangasamy
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA ; Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Namakkal, India
| | - Subhasis Das
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Navin Viswakarma
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Anumantha Kanthasamy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
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Lee HS, Hwang CY, Shin SY, Kwon KS, Cho KH. MLK3 is part of a feedback mechanism that regulates different cellular responses to reactive oxygen species. Sci Signal 2014; 7:ra52. [PMID: 24894995 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2005260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) influence diverse cellular processes, including proliferation and apoptosis. Both endogenous and exogenous ROS activate signaling through mitogen-activated proteins kinase (MAPK) pathways, including those involving extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs) or c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs). Whereas low concentrations of ROS generally stimulate proliferation, high concentrations result in cell death. We found that low concentrations of ROS induced activating phosphorylation of ERKs, whereas high concentrations of ROS induced activating phosphorylation of JNKs. Mixed lineage kinase 3 (MLK3, also known as MAP3K11) directly phosphorylates JNKs and may control activation of ERKs. Mathematical modeling of MAPK networks revealed a positive feedback loop involving MLK3 that determined the relative phosphorylation of ERKs and JNKs by ROS. Cells exposed to an MLK3 inhibitor or cells in which MLK3 was knocked down showed increased activation of ERKs and decreased activation of JNKs and were resistant to cell death when exposed to high concentrations of ROS. Thus, the data indicated that MLK3 is a critical factor controlling the activity of kinase networks that control the cellular responses to different concentrations of ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Sung Lee
- Laboratory for Systems Biology and Bio-Inspired Engineering, Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea. Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae Young Hwang
- Laboratory for Systems Biology and Bio-Inspired Engineering, Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea. Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Aging Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Young Shin
- Laboratory for Systems Biology and Bio-Inspired Engineering, Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Sun Kwon
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Aging Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kwang-Hyun Cho
- Laboratory for Systems Biology and Bio-Inspired Engineering, Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea. Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea.
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Youl E, Magous R, Cros G, Oiry C. MAP Kinase cross talks in oxidative stress-induced impairment of insulin secretion. Involvement in the protective activity of quercetin. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2014; 28:608-15. [PMID: 24702479 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Revised: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Insulin secretion preservation is a major issue for the prevention or treatment of type 2 diabetes. We previously showed on β-cells that quercetin (Q), but not resveratrol (R) or N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), amplified glucose-induced insulin secretion in a calcium- and ERK1/2-dependent manner. Quercetin, but not resveratrol or NAC, also protected β-cell function and hyperamplified ERK1/2 phosphorylation in oxidative stress conditions. As quercetin may interfere with other stress-activated protein kinases (JNK and p38 MAPK), we further explored MAPK cross talks and their relationships with the mechanism of the protective effect of quercetin against oxidative stress. In INS-1 insulin-secreting β-cells, using pharmacological inhibitors of MAPK pathways, we found that under oxidative stress (50 μm H2O2) and glucose-stimulating insulin secretion conditions: (i) p38 MAPK phosphorylation was increased and regulated by ERK1/2 (positively) and JNK (negatively), although p38 MAPK activation did not seem to play any significant role in oxidative stress-induced insulin secretion impairment; (ii) the JNK pathway appeared to inhibit both ERK1/2 activation and insulin secretion, although JNK phosphorylation was not significantly changed in our experimental conditions; (iii) the functionality of β-cell in the presence of oxidative stress was closely linked to the level of ERK1/2 activation, (iv) quercetin, resveratrol, or NAC inhibited H2O2 -induced p38 MAPK phosphorylation. The preservation of β-cell function against oxidative stress appears dependent on the balance between ERK1/2 and JNK activation. The protecting effect of quercetin appears due to ERK1/2 hyperactivation, possibly induced by L-type calcium channel opening as we recently showed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estelle Youl
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR CNRS-5247, Universités Montpellier 1 et 2, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier, BP 14491, 34093, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
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Haeusgen W, Tueffers L, Herdegen T, Waetzig V. Map2k4δ — Identification and functional characterization of a novel Map2k4 splice variant. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2014; 1843:875-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2014.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Revised: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Kovalenko PL, Basson MD. Schlafen 12 expression modulates prostate cancer cell differentiation. J Surg Res 2014; 190:177-84. [PMID: 24768141 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2014.03.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Revised: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schlafen proteins have previously been linked to leukocyte and intestinal epithelial differentiation. We hypothesized that Schlafen 12 (SLFN12) overexpression in human prostate epithelial cells would modulate expression of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4), markers of prostatic epithelial differentiation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Differentiation of the human prostate cancer cell lines LNCaP and PC-3 was compared after infection with an adenoviral vector coding for SLFN12 (Ad-SLFN12) or green fluorescent protein (GFP) only expressing virus (control). Transcript levels of SLFN12, PSA, and DPP4 were evaluated by real-time reverse transcription PCR and protein levels by Western blotting. Because mixed lineage kinase (MLK) and one of its downstream effectors (extracellular signal-regulated kinases [ERK]) have previously been implicated in some aspects of prostate epithelial differentiation, we conducted further studies in which LNCaP cells were cotreated with dimethyl sulfoxide (control), PD98059 (ERK inhibitor), or MLK inhibitor during transfection with Ad-SLFN12 for 72 h. RESULTS Treatment of LNCaP or PC-3 cells with Ad-SLFN12 reduced PSA expression by 56.6±4.6% (P<0.05) but increased DPP4 transcript level by 4.8±1.0 fold (P<0.05) versus Ad-GFP-treated controls. Further studies in LNCaP cells showed that Ad-SLFN12 overexpression increased the ratio of the mature E-cadherin protein to its precursor protein. Furthermore, SLFN12 overexpression promoted DPP4 expression either when MLK or ERK was blocked. ERK inhibition did not reverse SLFN12-induced changes in PSA, E-cadherin, or DPP4. CONCLUSIONS SLFN12 may regulate differentiation in prostate epithelial cells, at least in part independently of ERK or MLK. Understanding how SLFN12 influences prostatic epithelial differentiation may ultimately identify targets to influence the phenotype of prostatic malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavlo L Kovalenko
- Department of Surgery, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Marc D Basson
- Department of Surgery, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan.
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Currie HN, Vrana JA, Han AA, Scardoni G, Boggs N, Boyd JW. An approach to investigate intracellular protein network responses. Chem Res Toxicol 2014; 27:17-26. [PMID: 24359296 DOI: 10.1021/tx400247g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Modern toxicological evaluations have evolved to consider toxicity as a perturbation of biological pathways or networks. As such, toxicity testing approaches are shifting from common end point evaluations to pathway based approaches, where the degree of perturbation of select biological pathways is monitored. These new approaches are greatly increasing the data available to toxicologists, but methods of analyses to determine the inter-relationships between potentially affected pathways are needed to fully understand the consequences of exposure. An approach to construct dose-response curves that use graph theory to describe network perturbations among three disparate mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways is presented. Mitochondrial stress was induced in human hepatocytes (HepG2) by exposing the cells to increasing doses of the complex I inhibitor, deguelin. The relative phosphorylation responses of proteins involved in the regulation of the stress response were measured. Graph theory was applied to the phosphorylation data to obtain parameters describing the network perturbations at each individual dose tested. The graph theory results depicted the dynamic nature of the relationship between p38, JNK, and ERK1/2 under conditions of mitochondrial stress and revealed shifts in the relationships between these MAPK pathways at low doses. The inter-relationship, or crosstalk, among these 3 traditionally linear MAPK cascades was further probed by coexposing cells to deguelin plus SB202190 (JNK and p38 inhibitor) or deguelin plus SB202474 (JNK inhibitor). The cells exposed to deguelin plus SB202474 resulted in significantly decreased viability, which could be visualized and attributed to the decrease of ERK1/2 network centrality. The approach presented here allows for the construction and visualization of dose-response curves that describe network perturbations induced by chemical stress, which provides an informative and sensitive means of assessing toxicological effects on biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly N Currie
- Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University , 217 Clark Hall, Prospect Street, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
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Protective effect of Homer 1a on tumor necrosis factor-α with cycloheximide-induced apoptosis is mediated by mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. Apoptosis 2013; 17:975-88. [PMID: 22660975 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-012-0736-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Although Homer 1, of the postsynaptic density, regulates apoptosis, the signaling mechanisms are not fully elucidated. In this study, we found that tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)/cycloheximide (CHX) treatment transiently increased Homer 1a (the short variant of Homer 1), but did not affect Homer 1b/c (the long variant of Homer 1). Overexpression of Homer 1a blocked TNF-α/CHX-induced apoptotic cell death, whereas inhibition of Homer 1a induction enhanced the pro-apoptotic effect of TNF-α/CHX treatment. Moreover, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, as a potential activator of endogenous Homer 1a, inhibited apoptotic cell death after TNF-α/CHX treatment through induction of Homer 1a. Since three major mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways have important roles in apoptosis, we examined if Homer 1a is involved in the effects of MAPK pathways on apoptosis. It was shown that inhibition of the ERK1/2 pathway increased the expression and the protective effect of Homer 1a, but inhibition of the p38 pathway produced the opposite effect. Cross-talk among MAPK pathways was also associated with the regulation of Homer 1a during apoptotic cell death. Blocking the p38 pathway increased the activity in the ERK1/2 pathway, while inhibition of ERK1/2 pathway abolished the effect of p38 inhibitor on Homer 1a. Furthermore, Homer 1a reversely affected the activation of MAPK pathways. These findings suggest that Homer 1a plays an important role in the prevention of apoptotic cell death and contributes to distinct regulatory effects of MAPK pathways on apoptotic cell death.
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Grieco L, Calzone L, Bernard-Pierrot I, Radvanyi F, Kahn-Perlès B, Thieffry D. Integrative modelling of the influence of MAPK network on cancer cell fate decision. PLoS Comput Biol 2013; 9:e1003286. [PMID: 24250280 PMCID: PMC3821540 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) network consists of tightly interconnected signalling pathways involved in diverse cellular processes, such as cell cycle, survival, apoptosis and differentiation. Although several studies reported the involvement of these signalling cascades in cancer deregulations, the precise mechanisms underlying their influence on the balance between cell proliferation and cell death (cell fate decision) in pathological circumstances remain elusive. Based on an extensive analysis of published data, we have built a comprehensive and generic reaction map for the MAPK signalling network, using CellDesigner software. In order to explore the MAPK responses to different stimuli and better understand their contributions to cell fate decision, we have considered the most crucial components and interactions and encoded them into a logical model, using the software GINsim. Our logical model analysis particularly focuses on urinary bladder cancer, where MAPK network deregulations have often been associated with specific phenotypes. To cope with the combinatorial explosion of the number of states, we have applied novel algorithms for model reduction and for the compression of state transition graphs, both implemented into the software GINsim. The results of systematic simulations for different signal combinations and network perturbations were found globally coherent with published data. In silico experiments further enabled us to delineate the roles of specific components, cross-talks and regulatory feedbacks in cell fate decision. Finally, tentative proliferative or anti-proliferative mechanisms can be connected with established bladder cancer deregulations, namely Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) over-expression and Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 3 (FGFR3) activating mutations. Depending on environmental conditions, strongly intertwined cellular signalling pathways are activated, involving activation/inactivation of proteins and genes in response to external and/or internal stimuli. Alterations of some components of these pathways can lead to wrong cell behaviours. For instance, cancer-related deregulations lead to high proliferation of malignant cells enabling sustained tumour growth. Understanding the precise mechanisms underlying these pathways is necessary to delineate efficient therapeutical approaches for each specific tumour type. We particularly focused on the Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) signalling network, whose involvement in cancer is well established, although the precise conditions leading to its positive or negative influence on cell proliferation are still poorly understood. We tackled this problem by first collecting sparse published biological information into a comprehensive map describing the MAPK network in terms of stylised chemical reactions. This information source was then used to build a dynamical Boolean model recapitulating network responses to characteristic stimuli observed in selected bladder cancers. Systematic model simulations further allowed us to link specific network components and interactions with proliferative/anti-proliferative cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Grieco
- Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
- TAGC – Inserm U1090, Marseille, France
- Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Paris, France
- UMR 8197 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris, France
- Inserm 1024, Paris, France
- Institut Curie, Paris, France
- * E-mail: (LG); (DT)
| | - Laurence Calzone
- Institut Curie, Paris, France
- Inserm U900, Paris, France
- Ecole des Mines ParisTech, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Bernard-Pierrot
- Institut Curie, Paris, France
- UMR 144 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris, France
| | - François Radvanyi
- Institut Curie, Paris, France
- UMR 144 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris, France
| | | | - Denis Thieffry
- TAGC – Inserm U1090, Marseille, France
- Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Paris, France
- UMR 8197 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris, France
- Inserm 1024, Paris, France
- INRIA Paris-Rocquencourt, Rocquencourt, France
- * E-mail: (LG); (DT)
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Synergistic apoptosis of CML cells by buthionine sulfoximine and hydroxychavicol correlates with activation of AIF and GSH-ROS-JNK-ERK-iNOS pathway. PLoS One 2013; 8:e73672. [PMID: 24040019 PMCID: PMC3767640 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hydroxychavicol (HCH), a constituent of Piper betle leaf has been reported to exert anti-leukemic activity through induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The aim of the study is to optimize the oxidative stress –induced chronic myeloid leukemic (CML) cell death by combining glutathione synthesis inhibitor, buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) with HCH and studying the underlying mechanism. Materials and Methods Anti-proliferative activity of BSO and HCH alone or in combination against a number of leukemic (K562, KCL22, KU812, U937, Molt4), non-leukemic (A549, MIA-PaCa2, PC-3, HepG2) cancer cell lines and normal cell lines (NIH3T3, Vero) was measured by MTT assay. Apoptotic activity in CML cell line K562 was detected by flow cytometry (FCM) after staining with annexinV-FITC/propidium iodide (PI), detection of reduced mitochondrial membrane potential after staining with JC-1, cleavage of caspase- 3 and poly (ADP)-ribose polymerase proteins by western blot analysis and translocation of apoptosis inducing factor (AIF) by confocal microscopy. Intracellular reduced glutathione (GSH) was measured by colorimetric assay using GSH assay kit. 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCF-DA) and 4-amino-5-methylamino-2′,7′-difluorofluorescein (DAF-FM) were used as probes to measure intracellular increase in ROS and nitric oxide (NO) levels respectively. Multiple techniques like siRNA transfection and pharmacological inhibition were used to understand the mechanisms of action. Results Non-apoptotic concentrations of BSO significantly potentiated HCH-induced apoptosis in K562 cells. BSO potentiated apoptosis-inducing activity of HCH in CML cells by caspase-dependent as well as caspase-independent but apoptosis inducing factor (AIF)-dependent manner. Enhanced depletion of intracellular GSH induced by combined treatment correlated with induction of ROS. Activation of ROS- dependent JNK played a crucial role in ERK1/2 activation which subsequently induced the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). iNOS- mediated production of NO was identified as an effector molecule causing apoptosis of CML cells. Conclusion/Significance BSO synergizes with HCH in inducing apoptosis of CML cells through the GSH-ROS-JNK-ERK-iNOS pathway.
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Matitau AE, Gabor TV, Gill RM, Scheid MP. MEKK2 kinase association with 14-3-3 protein regulates activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:28293-302. [PMID: 23963453 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.511352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
MEKK2 (MAP/ERK kinase kinase-2) is a serine/threonine kinase that belongs to the MEKK/STE11 family of MAP kinase kinase kinases (MAP(3)Ks). MEKK2 integrates stress and mitogenic signals to the activation of NF-κB, JNK1/2, p38, and ERK5 pathways. We have found that MEKK2 is regulated through a phosphorylation-dependent association with 14-3-3, a group of adapters that modulate dimerization and association between proteins. We found that MEKK2 was phosphorylated at Thr-283, which resulted in decreased activation loop phosphorylation at Ser-519 and consequently reduced activity. Mechanistically, we found that MEKK2 associated with inactive MEKK2 in the absence of 14-3-3 binding, which led to trans-autophosphorylation of Ser-519. Enforced binding with 14-3-3 reduced Ser-519 trans-autophosphorylation. Expression of T283A MEKK2 within a MEKK2(-/-) background enhanced stress-activated c-Jun N-terminal kinase activity while elevating IL-6 expression, but also reduced ERK activation with a corresponding reduced proliferation rate. These results indicate that Thr-283 phosphorylation is an important regulatory mechanism for MEKK2 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adi E Matitau
- From the Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada
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Sun X, Liu C, Qian M, Zhao Z, Guo J. Ceramide from sphingomyelin hydrolysis differentially mediates mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) activation following cerebral ischemia in rat hippocampal CA1 subregion. J Biomed Res 2013; 24:132-7. [PMID: 23554623 PMCID: PMC3596547 DOI: 10.1016/s1674-8301(10)60021-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2009] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To explore the role that ceramide plays in the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) during cerebral ischemia and reperfusion. Methods Rats were subjected to ischemia by the four-vessel occlusion (4-VO) method. The sphingomyelinase inhibitor TPCK was administered to the CA1 subregion of the rat hippocampus before inducing ischemia. Western blot was used to examine the activity of extracellular-signal regulated kinase (ERK) and c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK) using antibodies against ERK, JNK and diphosphorylated ERK and JNK. Results At 1h reperfusion post-ischemia, JNK reached its peak activity while ERK was undergoing a sharp inactivation (P < 0.05). The level of diphosphorylated JNK was significantly reduced but the sharp inactivation of ERK was visibly reversed (P < 0.05) by the sphingomyelinase inhibitor. Conclusion The ceramide signaling pathway is up-regulated through sphingomyelin hydrolysis in brain ischemia, promoting JNK activation and suppressing ERK activation, culminating in the ischemic lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Sun
- The Laboratory Center for Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China ; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
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Wang SN, Lee KT, Tsai CJ, Chen YJ, Yeh YT. Phosphorylated p38 and JNK MAPK proteins in hepatocellular carcinoma. Eur J Clin Invest 2012; 42:1295-301. [PMID: 23033928 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The p38 and JNK MAPK proteins function as key mediators in cellular responses to extracellular stimuli. Deregulated p38 and JNK expressions have been associated with cancer development. This study aimed to investigate the association of p-p38 and p-JNK levels of the cancerous tissues with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred and four liver cancer tissues of patients with HCC who underwent curative resection were prospectively collected. The levels of activated/p-p38 and p-JNK were determined by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The associations of results with clinicopathological characteristics and overall survival were further statically analysed using chi-squared test, two-tailed Student's t-test and Kaplan-Meier survival curve. RESULTS The p-p38 levels were significantly higher in the HCC patients with a larger tumour (≥ 3 cm) and satellite tumour, and significantly correlated with the p-JNK levels. High p-p38 and low p-JNK expressions were associated with a poor survival in the patients with HCC (odds ratio, 4·24 and 0·20; P = 0·03 and 0·03, respectively). The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the HCC patients with high p-p38 expressions had a poor overall survival than those with low p-p38 expressions (P = 0·04), and a coexistent and high p-JNK expression remarkably improved this trend. CONCLUSIONS Increasing p-p38 levels in HCC tissues were associated with tumour size and the formation of satellite tumours. High p-p38 expression could serve as a predictor for a poor survival for the patients with HCC. Simultaneous expression of p-JNK in HCC tissues might antagonize the promoting effect of p-p38 in human liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen-Nien Wang
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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66
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Dual-specificity phosphatases 2: surprising positive effect at the molecular level and a potential biomarker of diseases. Genes Immun 2012. [PMID: 23190643 DOI: 10.1038/gene.2012.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Dual-specificity phosphatases (DUSPs) is an emerging subclass of the protein tyrosine phosphatase gene superfamily, a heterogeneous group of protein phosphatases that can dephosphorylate both phosphotyrosine and phosphoserine/phosphothreonine residues within the one substrate. Recently, a series of investigations of DUSPs defined their essential roles in cell proliferation, cancer and the immune response. This review will focus on DUSP2, its involvement in different diseases and its potential as a therapeutic target.
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Castro AF, Campos T, Babcock JT, Armijo ME, Martínez-Conde A, Pincheira R, Quilliam LA. M-Ras induces Ral and JNK activation to regulate MEK/ERK-independent gene expression in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. J Cell Biochem 2012; 113:1253-64. [PMID: 22121046 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.23458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Constitutive activation of M-Ras has previously been reported to cause morphologic and growth transformation of murine cells, suggesting that M-Ras plays a role in tumorigenesis. Cell transformation by M-Ras correlated with weak activation of the Raf/MEK/ERK pathway, although contributions from other downstream effectors were suggested. Recent studies indicate that signaling events distinct from the Raf/MEK/ERK cascade are critical for human tumorigenesis. However, it is unknown what signaling events M-Ras triggers in human cells. Using constitutively active M-Ras (Q71L) containing additional mutations within its effector-binding loop, we found that M-Ras induces MEK/ERK-dependent and -independent Elk1 activation as well as phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt and JNK/cJun activation in human MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Among several human cell lines examined, M-Ras-induced MEK/ERK-independent Elk1 activation was only detected in MCF-7 cells, and correlated with Rlf/M-Ras interaction and Ral/JNK activation. Supporting a role for M-Ras signaling in breast cancer, EGF activated M-Ras and promoted its interaction with endogenous Rlf. In addition, constitutive activation of M-Ras induced estrogen-independent growth of MCF-7 cells that was dependent on PI3K/Akt, MEK/ERK, and JNK activation. Thus, our studies demonstrate that M-Ras signaling activity differs between human cells, highlighting the importance of defining Ras protein signaling within each cell type, especially when designing treatments for Ras-induced cancer. These findings also demonstrate that M-Ras activity may be important for progression of EGFR-dependent tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel F Castro
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile.
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68
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Zhang K, Huang XZ, Li XN, Feng M, Li L, Cai XJ, Zhang C, Liu XL, Zhang MX, Zhang Y, Wang XL, Zhang M. Interleukin 6 destabilizes atherosclerotic plaques by downregulating prolyl-4-hydroxylase α1 via a mitogen-activated protein kinase and c-Jun pathway. Arch Biochem Biophys 2012; 528:127-33. [PMID: 23022409 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2012.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2012] [Revised: 09/03/2012] [Accepted: 09/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin 6 (IL-6) is a pivotal cytokine that regulates extracellular matrix metabolism by ameliorating the modification of collagen content, important in fibrous caps of atherosclerotic plaque. Prolyl-4-hydroxylase α1 (P4Hα1) is a key intracellular enzyme required for synthesis of collagen in animals. We investigated the relationship of IL-6 and P4Hα1 in atherosclerosis-prone mice and human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs). Apolipoprotein E (ApoE)-/- mice were fed a high-fat diet and a perivascular constrictive silica collar was placed on the right common carotid artery to induce atherosclerotic lesions, then mice were divided into two groups for transfection with empty lentivirus or IL-6 lentivirus. HASMCs were transfected with small interfering RNA or treated with recombinant human IL-6. IL-6 significantly downregulated collagen, P4Hα1 and smooth muscle cell contents in atherosclerotic mouse arteries. Macrophage and lipid contents in the atherosclerotic area were significantly increased with IL-6 treatment. IL-6 significantly downregulated P4Hα1 expression in HASMCs through an RAF-MEK1/2-ERK1/2 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, and c-Jun was involved in the process. Our findings highlight IL-6 destabilize atherosclerotic plaques in mice by downregulating P4Hα1 via an RAF-MEK1/2-ERK1/2 MAPK and c-Jun pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
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69
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Fey D, Croucher DR, Kolch W, Kholodenko BN. Crosstalk and signaling switches in mitogen-activated protein kinase cascades. Front Physiol 2012; 3:355. [PMID: 23060802 PMCID: PMC3449335 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2012.00355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2012] [Accepted: 08/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades control cell fate decisions, such as proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis by integrating and processing intra- and extracellular cues. However, similar MAPK kinetic profiles can be associated with opposing cellular decisions depending on cell type, signal strength, and dynamics. This implies that signaling by each individual MAPK cascade has to be considered in the context of the entire MAPK network. Here, we develop a dynamic model of feedback and crosstalk for the three major MAPK cascades; extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and also include input from protein kinase B (AKT) signaling. Focusing on the bistable activation characteristics of the JNK pathway, this model explains how pathway crosstalk harmonizes different MAPK responses resulting in pivotal cell fate decisions. We show that JNK can switch from a transient to sustained activity due to multiple positive feedback loops. Once activated, positive feedback locks JNK in a highly active state and promotes cell death. The switch is modulated by the ERK, p38, and AKT pathways. ERK activation enhances the dual specificity phosphatase (DUSP) mediated dephosphorylation of JNK and shifts the threshold of the apoptotic switch to higher inputs. Activation of p38 restores the threshold by inhibiting ERK activity via the PP1 or PP2A phosphatases. Finally, AKT activation inhibits the JNK positive feedback, thus abrogating the apoptotic switch and allowing only proliferative signaling. Our model facilitates understanding of how cancerous deregulations disturb MAPK signal processing and provides explanations for certain drug resistances. We highlight a critical role of DUSP1 and DUSP2 expression patterns in facilitating the switching of JNK activity and show how oncogene induced ERK hyperactivity prevents the normal apoptotic switch explaining the failure of certain drugs to induce apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Fey
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin Dublin, Ireland
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70
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Mielke MM, Bandaru VVR, Haughey NJ, Xia J, Fried LP, Yasar S, Albert M, Varma V, Harris G, Schneider EB, Rabins PV, Bandeen-Roche K, Lyketsos CG, Carlson MC. Serum ceramides increase the risk of Alzheimer disease: the Women's Health and Aging Study II. Neurology 2012; 79:633-41. [PMID: 22815558 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0b013e318264e380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Previous studies have shown that high serum ceramides are associated with memory impairment and hippocampal volume loss, but have not examined dementia as an outcome. The aim of this study was to examine whether serum ceramides and sphingomyelins (SM) were associated with an increased risk of all-cause dementia and Alzheimer disease (AD). METHODS Participants included 99 women without dementia aged 70-79, with baseline serum SM and ceramides, enrolled in a longitudinal population-based study and followed for up to 6 visits over 9 years. Baseline lipids, in tertiles, were examined in relation to all-cause dementia and AD using discrete time Cox proportional survival analysis. Lipids were analyzed using electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS Twenty-seven (27.3%) of the 99 women developed incident dementia. Of these, 18 (66.7%) were diagnosed with probable AD. Higher baseline serum ceramides, but not SM, were associated with an increased risk of AD; these relationships were stronger than with all-cause dementia. Compared to the lowest tertile, the middle and highest tertiles of ceramide d18:1-C16:0 were associated with a 10-fold (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.2-85.1) and 7.6-fold increased risk of AD (95% CI 0.9-62.1), respectively. The highest tertiles of ceramide d18:1-C24:0 (hazard ratio [HR] = 5.1, 95% CI 1.1-23.6) and lactosylceramide (HR = 9.8, 95% CI 1.2-80.1) were also associated with risk of AD. Total and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides were not associated with dementia or AD. CONCLUSIONS Results from this preliminary study suggest that particular species of serum ceramides are associated with incident AD and warrant continued examination in larger studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle M Mielke
- Division of Epidemiology, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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Abstract
Phosphatases are important regulators of intracellular signaling events, and their functions have been implicated in many biological processes. Dual-specificity phosphatases (DUSPs), whose family currently contains 25 members, are phosphatases that can dephosphorylate both tyrosine and serine/threonine residues of their substrates. The archetypical DUSP, DUSP1/MKP1, was initially discovered to regulate the activities of MAP kinases by dephosphorylating the TXY motif in the kinase domain. However, although DUSPs were discovered more than a decade ago, only in the past few years have their various functions begun to be described. DUSPs can be categorized based on the presence or absence of a MAP kinase-interacting domain into typical DUSPs and atypical DUSPs, respectively. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of how the activities of typical DUSPs are regulated and how typical DUSPs can regulate the functions of their targets. We also summarize recent findings from several in vivo DUSP-deficient mouse models that studied the involvement of DUSPs during the development and functioning of T cells. Finally, we discuss briefly the potential roles of DUSPs in the regulation of non-MAP kinase targets, as well as in the modulation of tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Yu Huang
- Immunology Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan.
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Sulfated Derivative of 20(S)-Ginsenoside Rh2 Inhibits Inflammatory Cytokines Through MAPKs and NF-kappa B Pathways in LPS-Induced RAW264.7 Macrophages. Inflammation 2012; 35:1659-68. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-012-9482-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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73
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Flavonoid baicalein modulates H2O2-induced mitogen-activated protein kinases activation and cell death in SK-N-MC cells. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2012; 32:549-60. [PMID: 22246135 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-011-9795-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2011] [Accepted: 12/26/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
It is believed that ROS-induced oxidative stress triggers numerous signaling pathways which are involved in neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease. To find the effective drugs for neurodegenerative diseases, the deep delve into molecular mechanisms underlie these diseases is necessary. In the current study, we investigated the effects of flavonoid baicalein on H(2)O(2)-induced oxidative stress and cell death in SK-N-MC cells. Our results revealed that the treatment of SK-N-MC cells with H(2)O(2) led to a decrease in cell viability through phosphorylation and activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs) and c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs) pathways followed by increase in Bax/Bcl2 ratio and initiation of caspase-dependent apoptotic pathways. In addition, our results showed that the exposure of SK-N-MC cells to H(2)O(2) ended up in reduction of glutathione (GSH) levels of SK-N-MC cells via JNK/ERK-mediated down-regulation of γ-glutamyl-cysteine synthetase (γ-GCS) expression. Our results demonstrated that flavonoid baicalein protected against H(2)O(2)-induced cell death by inhibition of JNK/ERK pathways activation and other key molecules in apoptotic pathways, including blockage of Bax and caspase-9 activation, induction of Bcl-2 expression and prevention of cell death. Baicalein supported intracellular defense mechanisms through maintaining GSH levels in SK-N-MC cells by the removal of inhibition effects of JNK/ERK pathways from γ-GCS expression. In addition, baicalein attenuated lipid and protein peroxidation and intracellular reactive oxygen species in SK-N-MC cells. In accordance with these observations, baicalein can be a promising candidate in antioxidant therapy and designing of natural-based drug for ROS-induced neurodegenerative disorders.
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Syed I, Kyathanahalli CN, Jayaram B, Govind S, Rhodes CJ, Kowluru RA, Kowluru A. Increased phagocyte-like NADPH oxidase and ROS generation in type 2 diabetic ZDF rat and human islets: role of Rac1-JNK1/2 signaling pathway in mitochondrial dysregulation in the diabetic islet. Diabetes 2011; 60:2843-52. [PMID: 21911753 PMCID: PMC3198065 DOI: 10.2337/db11-0809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the subunit expression and functional activation of phagocyte-like NADPH oxidase (Nox), reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and caspase-3 activation in the Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rat and diabetic human islets. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Expression of core components of Nox was quantitated by Western blotting and densitometry. ROS levels were quantitated by the 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate method. Rac1 activation was quantitated using the gold-labeled immunosorbent assay kit. RESULTS Levels of phosphorylated p47(phox), active Rac1, Nox activity, ROS generation, Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK) 1/2 phosphorylation, and caspase-3 activity were significantly higher in the ZDF islets than the lean control rat islets. Chronic exposure of INS 832/13 cells to glucolipotoxic conditions resulted in increased JNK1/2 phosphorylation and caspase-3 activity; such effects were largely reversed by SP600125, a selective inhibitor of JNK. Incubation of normal human islets with high glucose also increased the activation of Rac1 and Nox. Lastly, in a manner akin to the ZDF diabetic rat islets, Rac1 expression, JNK1/2, and caspase-3 activation were also significantly increased in diabetic human islets. CONCLUSIONS We provide the first in vitro and in vivo evidence in support of an accelerated Rac1-Nox-ROS-JNK1/2 signaling pathway in the islet β-cell leading to the onset of mitochondrial dysregulation in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Syed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Detroit, Michigan
| | | | - Bhavaani Jayaram
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Sudha Govind
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Christopher J. Rhodes
- Kovler Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Renu A. Kowluru
- Kresge Eye Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Anjaneyulu Kowluru
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Detroit, Michigan
- β-Cell Biochemistry Laboratory, John D. Dingell Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan
- Corresponding author: Anjaneyulu Kowluru,
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Reversal of Imatinib resistance in BCR-ABL-positive leukemia after inhibition of the Na+/H+ exchanger. Cancer Lett 2011; 308:81-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2011.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2011] [Revised: 04/16/2011] [Accepted: 04/24/2011] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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76
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Zheng H, Xue S, Lian F, Wang YY. A novel promising therapy for vein graft restenosis: Overexpressed Nogo-B induces vascular smooth muscle cell apoptosis by activation of the JNK/p38 MAPK signaling pathway. Med Hypotheses 2011; 77:278-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2011.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2010] [Revised: 04/19/2011] [Accepted: 04/28/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Lin Y, Chang G, Wang J, Jin W, Wang L, Li H, Ma L, Li Q, Pang T. NHE1 mediates MDA-MB-231 cells invasion through the regulation of MT1-MMP. Exp Cell Res 2011; 317:2031-40. [PMID: 21669197 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2011.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2011] [Revised: 05/27/2011] [Accepted: 05/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Na⁺/H⁺ exchanger 1 (NHE1), an important regulator of intracellular pH (pH(i)) and extracellular pH (pH(e)), has been shown to play a key role in breast cancer metastasis. However, the exact mechanism by which NHE1 mediates breast cancer metastasis is not yet well known. We showed here that inhibition of NHE1 activity, with specific inhibitor Cariporide, could suppress MDA-MB-231 cells invasion as well as the activity and expression of MT1-MMP. Overexpression of MT1-MMP resulted in a distinguished increase in MDA-MB-231 cells invasiveness, but treatment with Cariporide reversed the MT1-MMP-mediated enhanced invasiveness. To explore the role of MAPK signaling pathways in NHE1-mediated breast cancer metastasis, we compared the difference of constitutively phosphorylated ERK1/2, p38 MAPK and JNK in non-invasive MCF-7 cells and invasive MDA-MB-231 cells. Interestingly, we found that the phosphorylation levels of ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK in MDA-MB-231 cells were higher than in MCF-7 cells, but both MCF-7 cells and MDA-MB-231 cells expressed similar constitutively phosphorylated JNK. Treating MDA-MB-231 cells with Cariporide led to decreased phosphorylation level of both p38 MAPK and ERK1/2 in a time-dependent manner, but JNK activity was not influenced. Supplementation with MAPK inhibitor (MEK inhibitor PD98059, p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580 and JNK inhibitor SP600125) or Cariporide all exhibited significant depression of MDA-MB-231 cells invasion and MT1-MMP expression. Furthermore, we co-treated MDA-MB-231 cells with MAPK inhibitor and Cariporide. The result showed that Cariporide synergistically suppressed invasion and MT1-MMP expression with MEK inhibitor and p38 MAPK inhibitor, but not be synergistic with the JNK inhibitor. These findings suggest that NHE1 mediates MDA-MB-231 cells invasion partly through regulating MT1-MMP in ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK signaling pathways dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yani Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Hospital of Blood Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing Road 288, Tianjin 300020, China
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78
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Mitogen-activated protein kinases in hepatocellular carcinoma development. Semin Cancer Biol 2011; 21:10-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2010.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2010] [Revised: 10/05/2010] [Accepted: 10/13/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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79
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Sherrin T, Blank T, Todorovic C. c-Jun N-terminal kinases in memory and synaptic plasticity. Rev Neurosci 2011; 22:403-10. [DOI: 10.1515/rns.2011.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
AbstractThe c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) belong to the subfamily of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK). JNK is an important signaling enzyme that is involved in many facets of cellular regulation including gene expression, cell proliferation and programmed cell death. Activation of JNK isoforms (JNK1, 2, and 3) is regarded as a molecular switch in stress signal transduction. The activation of JNK pathways is also critical for pathological death associated with neurodegenerative diseases. Considering that a variety of stressors activate JNK, it is surprising that the role of hippocampal JNK in memory and synaptic plasticity has not yet been systematically investigated. Here we summarize the emerging evidence for the functions of hippocampal JNK in memory and synaptic plasticity, including our recent demonstration that JNK isoforms play critical roles in regulation of contextual fear conditioning under stressful and baseline conditions. We postulate that sustained activation of the hippocampal JNK2 and JNK3 pathways is involved in the initial stress response that ultimately leads to deficits in memory and long-term potentiation, whereas transient JNK1 activation regulates baseline contextual fear conditioning. Results obtained within the framework of our recent findings will be used for future work, which will differentiate mechanisms underlying beneficial short-term JNK action from prolonged JNK activation that may lead to memory deficits and neurodegeneration.
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80
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Zhang T, Feng Q. Nitric oxide and calcium signaling regulate myocardial tumor necrosis factor-α expression and cardiac function in sepsis. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2010; 88:92-104. [PMID: 20237583 DOI: 10.1139/y09-097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), a proinflammatory cytokine, is a critical inducer of myocardial dysfunction in sepsis. The purpose of this review is to summarize the mechanisms through which TNF-alpha production is regulated in cardiomyocytes in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a key pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) in sepsis. These mechanisms include Nox2-containing NAD(P)H oxidase, phospholipase C (PLC)gamma1, and Ca2+ signaling pathways. Activation of these pathways increases TNF-alpha expression via activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). Conversely, activation of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase 1 (JNK1) negatively regulates TNF-alpha production through inhibition of ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK activity. Interestingly, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) promotes TNF-alpha expression by enhancing p38 MAPK activation, whereas neuronal NOS (nNOS) inhibits TNF-alpha production by reducing Ca2+-dependent ERK1/2 activity. Therefore, the JNK1 and nNOS inhibitory pathways represent a "brake" that limits myocardial TNF-alpha expression in sepsis. Further understanding of these signal transduction mechanisms may lead to novel pharmacological therapies in sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
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81
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Hippocampal c-Jun-N-terminal kinases serve as negative regulators of associative learning. J Neurosci 2010; 30:13348-61. [PMID: 20926661 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3492-10.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In the adult mouse, signaling through c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs) links exposure to acute stress to various physiological responses. Inflammatory cytokines, brain injury and ischemic insult, or exposure to psychological acute stressors induce activation of hippocampal JNKs. Here we report that exposure to acute stress caused activation of JNKs in the hippocampal CA1 and CA3 subfields, and impaired contextual fear conditioning. Conversely, intrahippocampal injection of JNKs inhibitors sp600125 (30 μm) or D-JNKI1 (8 μm) reduced activity of hippocampal JNKs and rescued stress-induced deficits in contextual fear. In addition, intrahippocampal administration of anisomycin (100 μg/μl), a potent JNKs activator, mimicked memory-impairing effects of stress on contextual fear. This anisomycin-induced amnesia was abolished after cotreatment with JNKs selective inhibitor sp600125 without affecting anisomycin's ability to effectively inhibit protein synthesis as measured by c-Fos immunoreactivity. We also demonstrated milder and transient activation of the JNKs pathway in the CA1 subfield of the hippocampus during contextual fear conditioning and an enhancement of contextual fear after pharmacological inhibition of JNKs under baseline conditions. Finally, using combined biochemical and transgenic approaches with mutant mice lacking different members of the JNK family (Jnk1, Jnk2, and Jnk3), we provided evidence that JNK2 and JNK3 are critically involved in stress-induced deficit of contextual fear, while JNK1 mainly regulates baseline learning in this behavioral task. Together, these results support the possibility that hippocampal JNKs serve as a critical molecular regulator in the formation of contextual fear.
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Zhang J, Harrison JS, Studzinski GP. Isoforms of p38MAPK gamma and delta contribute to differentiation of human AML cells induced by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D₃. Exp Cell Res 2010; 317:117-30. [PMID: 20804750 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2010.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2010] [Revised: 08/19/2010] [Accepted: 08/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of p38MAPK alpha/beta is known to enhance 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin (1,25D)-induced monocytic differentiation, but the detailed mechanism of this effect was not clear. We now show that the enhancement of differentiation becomes apparent with slow kinetics (12-24 h). Interestingly, the inhibition of p38MAPK alpha/beta by their selective inhibitor SB202190 (SB) leads to an upregulated expression of p38MAPK isoforms gamma and delta in 1,25D-treated AML cells, in cell lines and in primary culture. Although the expression and activating phosphorylations of p38MAPK alpha are also increased by an exposure of the cells to SB, its kinase activity is blocked by SB, as shown by reduced levels of phosphorylated Hsp27, a downstream target of p38MAPK alpha. A positive role of p38MAPKs in 1,25D-induced differentiation is shown by the inhibition of differentiation by antisense oligonucleotides to all p38MAPK isoforms. Other principal branches of MAPK pathways showed early (6 h) activation of MEK/ERK by SB, followed by activation of JNK1/2 pathway and enhanced expression and/or activation of PU.1, ATF-2 differentiation-related transcription factors. Taken together with previous reports, the results indicate that 1,25D-induced differentiation is enhanced by the activation of at least three branches of MAPK pathways (ERK1/2; p38MAPK gamma/delta; JNK1/2). This activation may result from the removal of feedback inhibition of an upstream regulator of those pathways, when p38MAPK alpha and beta are inhibited by SB.
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MESH Headings
- Antigens, Differentiation/genetics
- Antigens, Differentiation/metabolism
- Calcitriol/pharmacology
- Cell Differentiation/drug effects
- Cell Differentiation/genetics
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- HL-60 Cells
- Humans
- Imidazoles/pharmacology
- Isoenzymes/genetics
- Isoenzymes/metabolism
- Isoenzymes/physiology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 12/antagonists & inhibitors
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 12/genetics
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 12/metabolism
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 12/physiology
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 13/antagonists & inhibitors
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 13/genetics
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 13/metabolism
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 13/physiology
- Monocytes/drug effects
- Monocytes/metabolism
- Monocytes/physiology
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Pyridines/pharmacology
- Time Factors
- U937 Cells
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UMDNJ-New Jersey, Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
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83
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Han Y, Wu G, Deng J, Tao J, Guo L, Tian X, Kang J, Zhang X, Yan C. Cellular repressor of E1A-stimulated genes inhibits human vascular smooth muscle cell apoptosis via blocking P38/JNK MAP kinase activation. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2010; 48:1225-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2009.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2009] [Revised: 12/21/2009] [Accepted: 12/21/2009] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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84
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Yang JJ, Lee YJ, Hung HH, Tseng WP, Tu CC, Lee H, Wu WJ. ZAK inhibits human lung cancer cell growth via ERK and JNK activation in an AP-1-dependent manner. Cancer Sci 2010; 101:1374-81. [PMID: 20331627 PMCID: PMC11159936 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2010.01537.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2009] [Revised: 02/09/2010] [Accepted: 02/15/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel mixed-lineage kinase protein zipper sterile-alpha-motif kinase (ZAK) was first cloned by our laboratory. Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death in the world, including in Taiwan. Here, we wanted to investigate whether ZAK plays a potential role in lung cancer development. First, Western blot analysis results demonstrated that four cell lines expressed high levels of ZAK from among a panel of 10 lung cancer cell lines, and two of three normal lung cells expressed ZAK. ZAK gene expressions were down-regulated in lung cancers by real-time PCR analysis. Overexpression of ZAK suppressed cell proliferation in parallel with increased phosphorylated levels of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). In contrast, ZAK silencing cells inhibited the expressions of phosphorylated ERK and JNK without affecting the expression of phosphorylated p38. The effect of the decreased cell growth rate was significantly but incompletely reversed when ZAK-overexpressing cells were treated with a specific ERK or JNK inhibitor. Moreover, c-Fos and c-Jun, the major downstream components of MAPKs, were up-regulated by ERK and JNK, respectively. When ZAK-overexpressing cells introduced with c-Jun RNA interference (RNAi), the activator protein-1 (AP-1) transcription activity detected by a secreted alkaline phosphatase (SEAP) assay was suppressed and the decreased cell number was reversed compared with the control RNAi-treated group. More importantly, ZAK significantly depressed tumor growth in in vivo study. Taken together, results from both in vitro and in vivo studies indicated that the decrease of lung cancer cell proliferation by ZAK may involve the ERK and JNK pathways via an AP-1 transcription factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaw-Ji Yang
- Institutes of Oral Biology & Biomaterial Science, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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85
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Haughey NJ, Bandaru VVR, Bae M, Mattson MP. Roles for dysfunctional sphingolipid metabolism in Alzheimer's disease neuropathogenesis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2010; 1801:878-86. [PMID: 20452460 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2010.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2010] [Revised: 04/29/2010] [Accepted: 05/03/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sphingolipids in the membranes of neurons play important roles in signal transduction, either by modulating the localization and activation of membrane-associated receptors or by acting as precursors of bioactive lipid mediators. Activation of cytokine and neurotrophic factor receptors coupled to sphingomyelinases results in the generation of ceramides and gangliosides, which in turn, modify the structural and functional plasticity of neurons. In aging and neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), there are increased membrane-associated oxidative stress and excessive production and accumulation of ceramides. Studies of brain tissue samples from human subjects, and of experimental models of the diseases, suggest that perturbed sphingomyelin metabolism is a pivotal event in the dysfunction and degeneration of neurons that occurs in AD and HIV dementia. Dietary and pharmacological interventions that target sphingolipid metabolism should be pursued for the prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norman J Haughey
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
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86
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Cohen TS, Gray Lawrence G, Khasgiwala A, Margulies SS. MAPK activation modulates permeability of isolated rat alveolar epithelial cell monolayers following cyclic stretch. PLoS One 2010; 5:e10385. [PMID: 20442784 PMCID: PMC2860996 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0010385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2009] [Accepted: 04/08/2010] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
We cultured (5 days) rat alveolar epithelial cells to investigate the role of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPk) signaling in ventilator induced epithelial barrier dysfunction. Cells were stretched to a magnitude of 12% or 37% change in surface area at a rate of 0.25 Hz with and without pretreatment with either the JNK inhibitor SP600125 or the ERK inhibitor U0126. Following stretch (0, 10, 30, or 60 min), MAPk phosphorylation was examined, monolayer permeability to the uncharged tracer carboxyfluorescein measured (0, 10, 60 min of stretch), and occludin expression determined (0 and 60 min of stretch). Stretch to 12%, previously shown not to increase monolayer permeability, did not alter phosphorylation of any MAPk or occludin expression at any time point. Following stretch to 37%, phosphorylation of JNK, ERK, and p38 was significantly higher by 10 minutes than in unstretched monolayers. Phosphorylation of JNK and p38 subsided as stretch continued, and by 30 minutes returned to unstretched levels. Phosphorylation of ERK remained significantly elevated compared to unstretched levels at all stretch durations. Epithelial permeability increased significantly by 10 minutes of stretch compared to unstretched controls, with further significant increases by 60 minutes. Inhibition with U0126 and SP600125 prevented stretch-induced phosphorylation increases of ERK and JNK, respectively, however neither prevented increases in permeability following 10 minutes. Separately, inhibition of JNK or ERK prevented subsequent additional permeability increases as stretch continued to 60 minute time points. Inhibition of JNK, not ERK, prevented loss of occludin, and minimized loss of cell-cell contact following 60 minutes of stretch. These data suggest that stretch-induced JNK signaling modulates epithelial permeability through regulation tight junction protein expression, and is a potential target for clinical treatments during mechanical ventilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor S. Cohen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Gladys Gray Lawrence
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Amit Khasgiwala
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Susan S. Margulies
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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87
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Huang P, Han J, Hui L. MAPK signaling in inflammation-associated cancer development. Protein Cell 2010; 1:218-26. [PMID: 21203968 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-010-0019-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2009] [Accepted: 12/09/2009] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases comprise a family of protein-serine/threonine kinases, which are highly conserved in protein structures from unicellular eukaryotic organisms to multicellular organisms, including mammals. These kinases, including ERKs, JNKs and p38s, are regulated by a phosphorelay cascade, with a prototype of three protein kinases that sequentially phosphorylate one another. MAPKs transduce extracellular signals into a variety of cellular processes, such as cell proliferation, survival, death, and differentiation. Consistent with their essential cellular functions, MAPKs have been shown to play critical roles in embryonic development, adult tissue homeostasis and various pathologies. In this review, we discuss recent findings that reveal the profound impact of these pathways on chronic inflammation and, particularly, inflammation-associated cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyu Huang
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
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88
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Ola A, Kerkelä R, Tokola H, Pikkarainen S, Skoumal R, Vuolteenaho O, Ruskoaho H. The mixed-lineage kinase 1-3 signalling pathway regulates stress response in cardiac myocytes via GATA-4 and AP-1 transcription factors. Br J Pharmacol 2010; 159:717-25. [PMID: 20067472 PMCID: PMC2828035 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2009.00567.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2009] [Revised: 09/23/2009] [Accepted: 09/30/2009] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The mixed-lineage kinases (MLKs) act upstream of mitogen-activated protein kinases, but their role in cardiac biology and pathology is largely unknown. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We investigated the effect of a MLK1-3 inhibitor CEP-11004 on G protein-coupled receptor agonist-induced stress response in neonatal rat cardiac myocytes in culture. KEY RESULTS CEP-11004 administration dose-dependently attenuated phenylephrine and endothelin-1 (ET-1)-induced c-Jun N-terminal kinase activation. MLK inhibition also reduced ET-1- and phenylephrine-induced phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. In contrast, phenylephrine-induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase phosphorylation was further up-regulated by CEP-11004. ET-1 increased activator protein-1 binding activity 3.5-fold and GATA-binding protein 4 (GATA-4) binding activity 1.8-fold, both of which were attenuated with CEP-11004 administration by 59% and 63% respectively. Phenylephrine induced activator protein-1 binding activity by 2.6-fold, which was decreased by 81% with CEP-11004 administration. Phenylephrine also induced a 3.7-fold increase in the transcriptional activity of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), which was attenuated by 41% with CEP-11004 administration. In agreement, MLK inhibition also reduced hypertrophic agonist-induced secretion of immunoreactive atrial natriuretic peptide and BNP. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS These results showed that inhibition of the MLK1-3 signalling pathway was sufficient for suppressing the activity of key nuclear effectors (GATA-4 and activator protein-1 transcription factors) in cardiac hypertrophy, and attenuated the agonist-induced atrial natriuretic peptide secretion and activation of BNP gene transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ola
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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89
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Robitaille H, Simard-Bisson C, Larouche D, Tanguay RM, Blouin R, Germain L. The Small Heat-Shock Protein Hsp27 Undergoes ERK-Dependent Phosphorylation and Redistribution to the Cytoskeleton in Response to Dual Leucine Zipper-Bearing Kinase Expression. J Invest Dermatol 2010; 130:74-85. [DOI: 10.1038/jid.2009.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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90
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Cheung BKW, Yim HCH, Lee NCM, Lau ASY. A novel anti-mycobacterial function of mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1. BMC Immunol 2009; 10:64. [PMID: 20017901 PMCID: PMC2804704 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2172-10-64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2009] [Accepted: 12/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the world. To combat against this pathogen, immune cells release cytokines including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), which is pivotal in the development of protective granulomas. Our previous results showed that Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG), a mycobacterium used as a model to investigate the immune response against MTB, stimulates the induction of TNF-alpha via mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in human blood monocytes. Since MAPK phosphatase-1 (MKP-1) is known to regulate MAPK activities, we examined whether MKP-1 plays a role in BCG-induced MAPK activation and cytokine expression. RESULTS Primary human blood monocytes were treated with BCG and assayed for MKP-1 expression. Our results demonstrated that following exposure to BCG, there was an increase in the expression of MKP-1. Additionally, the induction of MKP-1 was regulated by p38 MAPK and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1/2). Surprisingly, when MKP-1 expression was blocked by its specific siRNA, there was a significant decrease in the levels of phospho-MAPK (p38 MAPK and ERK1/2) and TNF-alpha inducible by BCG. CONCLUSIONS Since TNF-alpha is pivotal in granuloma formation, the results indicated an unexpected positive function of MKP-1 against mycobacterial infection as opposed to its usual phosphatase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benny K W Cheung
- Cytokine Biology Group, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, PR China.
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91
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Hsu SP, Ho PY, Liang YC, Ho YS, Lee WS. Involvement of the JNK activation in terbinafine-induced p21 up-regulation and DNA synthesis inhibition in human vascular endothelial cells. J Cell Biochem 2009; 108:860-6. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.22314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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92
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Li XN, Song J, Zhang L, LeMaire SA, Hou X, Zhang C, Coselli JS, Chen L, Wang XL, Zhang Y, Shen YH. Activation of the AMPK-FOXO3 pathway reduces fatty acid-induced increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species by upregulating thioredoxin. Diabetes 2009; 58:2246-57. [PMID: 19592618 PMCID: PMC2750236 DOI: 10.2337/db08-1512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Oxidative stress induced by free fatty acids contributes to the development of cardiovascular diseases in patients with metabolic syndrome. Reducing oxidative stress may attenuate these pathogenic processes. Activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) has been reported to reduce intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. The thioredoxin (Trx) system is a major antioxidant system. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms involved in the AMPK-mediated regulation of Trx expression and the reduction of intracellular ROS levels. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We observed that activation of AMPK by 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR) significantly reduced ROS levels induced by palmitic acid in human aortic endothelial cells. Activation of AMPK increased expression of the antioxidant Trx, which mediated the ROS reduction. RT-PCR showed that AMPK regulated Trx at the transcriptional level. RESULTS Forkhead transcription factor 3 (FOXO3) was identified as the target transcription factor involved in the upregulation of Trx expression. FOXO3 bound to the Trx promoter, recruited the histone acetylase p300 to the Trx promoter, and formed a transcription activator complex, which was enhanced by AICAR treatment. AMPK activated FOXO3 by promoting its nuclear translocation. We further showed that AICAR injection increased the expression of Trx and decreased ROS production in the aortic wall of ApoE-/- mice fed a high-fat diet. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that activation of the AMPK-FOXO3 pathway reduces ROS levels by inducing Trx expression. Thus, the AMPK-FOXO3-Trx axis may be an important defense mechanism against excessive ROS production induced by metabolic stress and could be a therapeutic target in treating cardiovascular diseases in metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Nan Li
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Texas Heart Institute at St. Luke's Episcopal Hospital, Houston, Texas
- Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jun Song
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Texas Heart Institute at St. Luke's Episcopal Hospital, Houston, Texas
- Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Texas Heart Institute at St. Luke's Episcopal Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Scott A. LeMaire
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Texas Heart Institute at St. Luke's Episcopal Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Xiaoyang Hou
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Texas Heart Institute at St. Luke's Episcopal Hospital, Houston, Texas
- Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Texas Heart Institute at St. Luke's Episcopal Hospital, Houston, Texas
- Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Joseph S. Coselli
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Texas Heart Institute at St. Luke's Episcopal Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Li Chen
- Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xing Li Wang
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Texas Heart Institute at St. Luke's Episcopal Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Yun Zhang
- Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Corresponding authors: Yun Zhang, , and Ying H. Shen,
| | - Ying H. Shen
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Texas Heart Institute at St. Luke's Episcopal Hospital, Houston, Texas
- Corresponding authors: Yun Zhang, , and Ying H. Shen,
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93
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Casals-Casas C, Alvarez E, Serra M, de la Torre C, Farrera C, Sánchez-Tilló E, Caelles C, Lloberas J, Celada A. CREB and AP-1 activation regulates MKP-1 induction by LPS or M-CSF and their kinetics correlate with macrophage activation versus proliferation. Eur J Immunol 2009; 39:1902-13. [PMID: 19585511 DOI: 10.1002/eji.200839037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
MAPK phosphatase-1 (MKP-1) is a protein phosphatase that plays a crucial role in innate immunity. This phosphatase inactivates ERK1/2, which are involved in two opposite functional activities of the macrophage, namely proliferation and activation. Here we found that although macrophage proliferation and activation induce MKP-1 with different kinetics, gene expression is mediated by the proximal promoter sequences localized between -380 and -180 bp. Mutagenesis experiments of the proximal element determined that CRE/AP-1 is required for LPS- or M-CSF-induced activation of the MKP-1 gene. Moreover, the results from gel shift analysis and chromatin immunoprecipitation indicated that c-Jun and CREB bind to the CRE/AP-1 box. The distinct kinetics shown by M-CSF and LPS correlates with the induction of JNK and c-jun, as well as the requirement for Raf-1. The signal transduction pathways that activate the induction of MKP-1 correlate kinetically with induction by M-CSF and LPS.
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94
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Huang G, Shi LZ, Chi H. Regulation of JNK and p38 MAPK in the immune system: signal integration, propagation and termination. Cytokine 2009; 48:161-9. [PMID: 19740675 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2009.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2009] [Accepted: 08/10/2009] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Stress-activated MAP kinases (MAPKs), comprised of JNK and p38, play prominent roles in the innate and adaptive immune systems. Activation of MAPKs is mediated by a three-tiered kinase module comprised of MAPK kinase kinases (MAP3Ks), MAPK kinases (MAP2Ks) and MAPKs through sequential protein phosphorylation. Activated MAPKs, in turn, phosphorylate transcription factors and other targets to regulate gene transcription and immune responses. Recent studies have provided new insight into the upstream and downstream components of the MAPK pathway that facilitate the activation and propagation of MAPK signaling in immune responses. Moreover, MAPK activity is negatively regulated by MAPK phosphatases (MKPs), a group of dual-specificity phosphatases that dephosphorylate and inactivate the MAPKs. Here we discuss the recent advances in our understanding of these regulatory processes in MAPK signaling with a focus on their impacts on immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonghua Huang
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
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95
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Chi H, Bennett AM, Flavell RA. Mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 (MKP-1): a critical regulator of innate immune responses. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/17471060601137415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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96
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Short-term modulation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase in pancreatic islets by glucose and palmitate: possible involvement of ceramide. Pancreas 2009; 38:585-92. [PMID: 19295452 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0b013e31819fef03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The effect of glucose and palmitate on the phosphorylation of proteins associated with cell growth and survival (extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 [ERK1/2] and stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase [SAPK/JNK]) and on the expression of immediate early genes was investigated. METHODS Groups of freshly isolated rat pancreatic islets were incubated in 10-mmol/L glucose with palmitate, LY294002, or fumonisin B1 for the measurement of the phosphorylation and the content of ERK1/2, JNK/SAPK, and v-akt murine thymoma viral oncongene (AKT) (serine 473) by immunoblotting. The expressions of the immediate early genes, c-fos and c-jun, were evaluated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Glucose at 10 mmol/L induced ERK1/2 and AKT phosphorylations and decreased SAPK/JNK phosphorylation. Palmitate (0.1 mmol/L) abolished the glucose effect on ERK1/2, AKT, and SAPK/JNK phosphorylations. LY294002 caused a similar effect. The inhibitory effect of palmitate on glucose-induced ERK1/2 and AKT phosphorylation changes was not observed in the presence of fumonisin B1. Glucose increased c-fos and decreased c-jun expressions. Palmitate and LY294002 abolished these latter glucose effects. The presence of fumonisin B1 abolished the effect induced by palmitate on c-jun expression. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that short-term changes of mitogen-activated protein kinase and AKT signaling pathways and c-fos and c-jun expressions caused by glucose are abolished by palmitate through phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibition via ceramide synthesis.
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97
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Bouma HR, Ploeg RJ, Schuurs TA. Signal transduction pathways involved in brain death-induced renal injury. Am J Transplant 2009; 9:989-97. [PMID: 19422328 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2009.02587.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Kidneys derived from brain death organ donors show an inferior survival when compared to kidneys derived from living donors. Brain death is known to induce organ injury by evoking an inflammatory response in the donor. Neuronal injury triggers an inflammatory response in the brain, leading to endothelial dysfunction and the release of cytokines in the circulation. Serum levels of interleukin-6, -8, -10, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) are increased after brain death. Binding with cytokine-receptors in kidneys stimulates activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB), selectins, adhesion molecules and production of chemokines leading to cellular influx. Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAP-kinases) mediate inflammatory responses and together with NF-kappaB they seem to play an important role in brain death induced renal injury. Altering the activation state of MAP-kinases could be a promising drug target for early intervention to reduce cerebral injury related donor kidney damage and improve outcome after transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H R Bouma
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Groningen University Institute of Drug Exploration, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
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98
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Lowe XR, Bhattacharya S, Marchetti F, Wyrobek AJ. Early brain response to low-dose radiation exposure involves molecular networks and pathways associated with cognitive functions, advanced aging and Alzheimer's disease. Radiat Res 2009; 171:53-65. [PMID: 19138050 DOI: 10.1667/rr1389.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2008] [Accepted: 06/06/2008] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the cognitive and behavioral consequences of brain exposures to low-dose ionizing radiation has broad relevance for health risks from medical radiation diagnostic procedures, radiotherapy and environmental nuclear contamination as well as for Earth-orbit and space missions. Analyses of transcriptome profiles of mouse brain tissue after whole-body irradiation showed that low-dose exposures (10 cGy) induced genes not affected by high-dose radiation (2 Gy) and that low-dose genes were associated with unique pathways and functions. The low-dose response had two major components: pathways that are consistently seen across tissues and pathways that were specific for brain tissue. Low-dose genes clustered into a saturated network (P < 10(-53)) containing mostly down-regulated genes involving ion channels, long-term potentiation and depression, vascular damage, etc. We identified nine neural signaling pathways that showed a high degree of concordance in their transcriptional response in mouse brain tissue after low-dose irradiation, in the aging human brain (unirradiated), and in brain tissue from patients with Alzheimer's disease. Mice exposed to high-dose radiation did not show these effects and associations. Our findings indicate that the molecular response of the mouse brain within a few hours after low-dose irradiation involves the down-regulation of neural pathways associated with cognitive dysfunctions that are also down-regulated in normal human aging and Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu R Lowe
- Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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99
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Boutros T, Chevet E, Metrakos P. Mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase/MAP kinase phosphatase regulation: roles in cell growth, death, and cancer. Pharmacol Rev 2009; 60:261-310. [PMID: 18922965 DOI: 10.1124/pr.107.00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 438] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase dual-specificity phosphatase-1 (also called MKP-1, DUSP1, ERP, CL100, HVH1, PTPN10, and 3CH134) is a member of the threonine-tyrosine dual-specificity phosphatases, one of more than 100 protein tyrosine phosphatases. It was first identified approximately 20 years ago, and since that time extensive investigations into both mkp-1 mRNA and protein regulation and function in different cells, tissues, and organs have been conducted. However, no general review on the topic of MKP-1 exists. As the subject matter pertaining to MKP-1 encompasses many branches of the biomedical field, we focus on the role of this protein in cancer development and progression, highlighting the potential role of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family. Section II of this article elucidates the MAPK family cross-talk. Section III reviews the structure of the mkp-1 encoding gene, and the known mechanisms regulating the expression and activity of the protein. Section IV is an overview of the MAPK-specific dual-specificity phosphatases and their role in cancer. In sections V and VI, mkp-1 mRNA and protein are examined in relation to cancer biology, therapeutics, and clinical studies, including a discussion of the potential role of the MAPK family. We conclude by proposing an integrated scheme for MKP-1 and MAPK in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek Boutros
- Department of Surgery, Royal Victoria Hospital, McGill University, 687 Pine Ave. W., Montreal, QC H3A1A1, Canada.
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Peng T, Zhang T, Lu X, Feng Q. JNK1/c-fos inhibits cardiomyocyte TNF- expression via a negative crosstalk with ERK and p38 MAPK in endotoxaemia. Cardiovasc Res 2008; 81:733-41. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvn336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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