51
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Splichal I, Donovan SM, Jenistova V, Splichalova I, Salmonova H, Vlkova E, Neuzil Bunesova V, Sinkora M, Killer J, Skrivanova E, Splichalova A. High Mobility Group Box 1 and TLR4 Signaling Pathway in Gnotobiotic Piglets Colonized/Infected with L. amylovorus, L. mucosae, E. coli Nissle 1917 and S. Typhimurium. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E6294. [PMID: 31847111 PMCID: PMC6940798 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a DNA-binding nuclear protein that can be actively secreted by immune cells after different immune stimuli or passively released from cells undergoing necrosis. HMGB1 amplifies inflammation, and its hypersecretion contributes to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome and death. We tested possible immunomodulatory effect of commensal Lactobacillus amylovorus (LA), Lactobacillus mucosae (LM) or probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) in infection of gnotobiotic piglets with Salmonella Typhimurium (ST). Transcription of HMGB1 and Toll-like receptors (TLR) 2, 4, and 9 and receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), TLR4-related molecules (MD-2, CD14, and LBP), and adaptor proteins (MyD88 and TRIF) in the ileum and colon were measured by RT-qPCR. Expression of TLR4 and its related molecules were highly upregulated in the ST-infected intestine, which was suppressed by EcN, but not LA nor LM. In contrast, HMGB1 expression was unaffected by ST infection or commensal/probiotic administration. HMGB1 protein levels in the intestine measured by ELISA were increased in ST-infected piglets, but they were decreased by previous colonization with E. coli Nissle 1917 only. We conclude that the stability of HMGB1 mRNA expression in all piglet groups could show its importance for DNA transcription and physiological cell functions. The presence of HMGB1 protein in the intestinal lumen probably indicates cellular damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Splichal
- Laboratory of Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 549 22 Novy Hradek, Czech Republic; (I.S.); (V.J.); (M.S.)
| | - Sharon M. Donovan
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA;
| | - Vera Jenistova
- Laboratory of Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 549 22 Novy Hradek, Czech Republic; (I.S.); (V.J.); (M.S.)
| | - Iva Splichalova
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Hana Salmonova
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (H.S.); (E.V.); (V.N.B.); (J.K.); (E.S.)
| | - Eva Vlkova
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (H.S.); (E.V.); (V.N.B.); (J.K.); (E.S.)
| | - Vera Neuzil Bunesova
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (H.S.); (E.V.); (V.N.B.); (J.K.); (E.S.)
| | - Marek Sinkora
- Laboratory of Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 549 22 Novy Hradek, Czech Republic; (I.S.); (V.J.); (M.S.)
| | - Jiri Killer
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (H.S.); (E.V.); (V.N.B.); (J.K.); (E.S.)
- Laboratory of Anaerobic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Skrivanova
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (H.S.); (E.V.); (V.N.B.); (J.K.); (E.S.)
| | - Alla Splichalova
- Laboratory of Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 549 22 Novy Hradek, Czech Republic; (I.S.); (V.J.); (M.S.)
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Li Y, Xie J, Li X, Fang J. Poly (ADP-ribosylation) of HMGB1 facilitates its acetylation and promotes HMGB1 translocation-associated chemotherapy-induced autophagy in leukaemia cells. Oncol Lett 2019; 19:368-378. [PMID: 31897149 PMCID: PMC6924101 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.11116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) is one of the most common and curable types of cancer in paediatric patients. However, chemotherapeutic resistance is a difficult but common obstacle when treating leukaemia in the clinical setting. Studies have demonstrated that drug resistance is partly attributable to autophagy induced by multiple chemotherapeutic agents. As an evolutionarily conserved non-histone chromatin-binding protein, high mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1) is considered to be an important factor in autophagy, and regulates autophagy at multiple levels via different subcellular localisations. In the present study, it was revealed that chemotherapeutic drugs induced autophagy in leukaemia cells and that translocation of HMGB1 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm is an important molecular event in this process. It was further demonstrated that poly (ADP-ribosylation) of HMGB1 facilitates its acetylation, thereby inducing HMGB1 translocation and ultimately promoting chemotherapy-induced autophagy in leukaemic cells. Targeted HMGB1 translocation may overcome chemotherapy-induced autophagy in leukaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyao Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumour Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China.,Department of Paediatrics, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Jianwei Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumour Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China.,Department of Paediatrics, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Xinyu Li
- Department of Paediatrics, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Jianpei Fang
- Department of Paediatrics, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
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53
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High mobility group box protein 1 neutralization therapy in ovine bacteremia: Lessons learned from an ovine septic shock model incorporating intensive care support. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:3271-3280. [PMID: 31602200 PMCID: PMC6777221 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a highly complex and often fatal syndrome which varies widely in its clinical manifestations, and therapies that target the underlying uncontrolled immune status in sepsis are needed. The failure of preclinical approaches to provide significant sepsis survival benefit in the clinic is often attributed to inappropriate animal disease models. It has been demonstrated that high mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1) blockade can reduce inflammation, mortality and morbidity in experimental sepsis without promoting immunosuppression. Within this study, we explored the use of ovine anti-HMGB1 antibodies in a model of ovine septic shock incorporating intensive care supports (OSSICS). Results: Septic sheep exhibited elevated levels of HMGB1 within 12 h after the induction of sepsis. In this study, sepsis was induced in six anaesthetized adult Border Leicester × Merino ewes via intravenous instillation of E. coli and sheep monitored according to intensive care unit standard protocols for 26 h, with the requirement for noradrenaline as the primary endpoint. Septic sheep exhibited a hyperdynamic circulation, renal dysfunction, deranged coagulation profile and severe metabolic acidosis. Sheep were assigned a severity of illness score, which increased over time. While a therapeutic effect of intravenous anti-HMGB1 antibody could not be observed in this model due to limited animal numbers, a reduced bacterial dose induced a septic syndrome of much lower severity. With modifications including a reduced bacterial dose, a longer timeframe and broad spectrum antibiotics, the OSSICS model may become a robust tool for preclinical assessment of sepsis therapeutics.
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Mauracher LM, Buchtele N, Schörgenhofer C, Weiser C, Herkner H, Merrelaar A, Spiel AO, Hell L, Ay C, Pabinger I, Jilma B, Schwameis M. Increased Citrullinated Histone H3 Levels in the Early Post-Resuscitative Period Are Associated with Poor Neurologic Function in Cardiac Arrest Survivors-A Prospective Observational Study. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8101568. [PMID: 31581493 PMCID: PMC6832426 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8101568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The exact contribution of neutrophils to post-resuscitative brain damage is unknown. We aimed to investigate whether neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation in the early phase after return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) may be associated with poor 30 day neurologic function in cardiac arrest survivors. This study prospectively included adult (≥18 years) out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) survivors with cardiac origin, who were subjected to targeted temperature management. Plasma levels of specific (citrullinated histone H3, H3Cit) and putative (cell-free DNA (cfDNA) and nucleosomes) biomarkers of NET formation were assessed at 0 and 12 h after admission. The primary outcome was neurologic function on day 30 after admission, which was assessed using the five-point cerebral performance category (CPC) score, classifying patients into good (CPC 1–2) or poor (CPC 3–5) neurologic function. The main variable of interest was the effect of H3Cit level quintiles at 12 h on 30 day neurologic function, assessed by logistic regression. The first quintile was used as a baseline reference. Results are given as crude odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI). Sixty-two patients (79% male, median age: 57 years) were enrolled. The odds of poor neurologic function increased linearly, with 0 h levels of cfNDA (crude OR 1.8, 95% CI: 1.2–2.7, p = 0.007) and nucleosomes (crude OR 1.7, 95% CI: 1.0–2.2, p = 0.049), as well as with 12 h levels of cfDNA (crude OR 1.6, 95% CI: 1.1–2.4, p = 0.024), nucleosomes (crude OR 1.7, 95% CI: 1.1–2.5, p = 0.020), and H3Cit (crude OR 1.6, 95% CI: 1.1–2.3, p = 0.029). Patients in the fourth (7.9, 95% CI: 1.1–56, p = 0.039) and fifth (9.0, 95% CI: 1.3–63, p = 0.027) H3Cit quintile had significantly higher odds of poor 30 day neurologic function compared to patients in the first quintile. Increased plasma levels of H3Cit, 12 h after admission, are associated with poor 30 day neurologic function in adult OHCA survivors, which may suggest a contribution of NET formation to post-resuscitative brain damage and therefore provide a therapeutic target in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa-Marie Mauracher
- Clinical Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Nina Buchtele
- Clinical Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | | | - Christoph Weiser
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Harald Herkner
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Anne Merrelaar
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Alexander O Spiel
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Lena Hell
- Clinical Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Cihan Ay
- Clinical Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119146 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Ingrid Pabinger
- Clinical Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Bernd Jilma
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Michael Schwameis
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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55
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Zhao J, Sun T, Wu S, Liu Y. High Mobility Group Box 1: An Immune-regulatory Protein. Curr Gene Ther 2019; 19:100-109. [PMID: 31223085 DOI: 10.2174/1566523219666190621111604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) presents in almost all somatic cells as a component of the cell nucleus. It is necessary for transcription regulation during cell development. Recent studies indicate that extracellular HMGB1, coming from necrotic cells or activated immune cells, triggers inflammatory response whereas intracellular HMGB1 controls the balance between autophagy and apoptosis. In addition, reduced HMGB1 can effectively mediate tissue regeneration. HMGB1, therefore, is regarded as a therapeutic target for inflammatory diseases. In this review, we summarized and discussed the immunomodulatory effect of HMGB1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zhao
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Hefei No. 2 People Hospital, Hefei 230000, China
| | - Tianle Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Shengdi Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yufeng Liu
- Department of Nursing, General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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56
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Lu H, Zhang Z, Barnie PA, Su Z. Dual faced HMGB1 plays multiple roles in cardiomyocyte senescence and cardiac inflammatory injury. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2019; 47:74-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2019.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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57
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Deng M, Scott MJ, Fan J, Billiar TR. Location is the key to function: HMGB1 in sepsis and trauma-induced inflammation. J Leukoc Biol 2019; 106:161-169. [PMID: 30946496 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3mir1218-497r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a multifunctional nuclear protein, probably known best as a prototypical alarmin or damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecule when released from cells. However, HMGB1 has multiple functions that depend on its location in the nucleus, in the cytosol, or extracellularly after either active release from cells, or passive release upon lytic cell death. Movement of HMGB1 between cellular compartments is a dynamic process induced by a variety of cell stresses and disease processes, including sepsis, trauma, and hemorrhagic shock. Location of HMGB1 is intricately linked with its function and is regulated by a series of posttranslational modifications. HMGB1 function is also regulated by the redox status of critical cysteine residues within the protein, and is cell-type dependent. This review highlights some of the mechanisms that contribute to location and functions of HMGB1, and focuses on some recent insights on important intracellular effects of HMGB1 during sepsis and trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meihong Deng
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Pittsburgh Trauma Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Melanie J Scott
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Pittsburgh Trauma Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jie Fan
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Pittsburgh Trauma Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Research and Development, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Timothy R Billiar
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Pittsburgh Trauma Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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58
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Raucci A, Di Maggio S, Scavello F, D'Ambrosio A, Bianchi ME, Capogrossi MC. The Janus face of HMGB1 in heart disease: a necessary update. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:211-229. [PMID: 30306212 PMCID: PMC6339675 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2930-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a ubiquitous nuclear protein involved in transcription regulation, DNA replication and repair and nucleosome assembly. HMGB1 is passively released by necrotic tissues or actively secreted by stressed cells. Extracellular HMGB1 acts as a damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMPs) molecule and gives rise to several redox forms that by binding to different receptors and interactors promote a variety of cellular responses, including tissue inflammation or regeneration. Inhibition of extracellular HMGB1 in experimental models of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, myocarditis, cardiomyopathies induced by mechanical stress, diabetes, bacterial infection or chemotherapeutic drugs reduces inflammation and is protective. In contrast, administration of HMGB1 after myocardial infarction induced by permanent coronary artery ligation ameliorates cardiac performance by promoting tissue regeneration. HMGB1 decreases contractility and induces hypertrophy and apoptosis in cardiomyocytes, stimulates cardiac fibroblast activities, and promotes cardiac stem cell proliferation and differentiation. Interestingly, maintenance of appropriate nuclear HMGB1 levels protects cardiomyocytes from apoptosis by preventing DNA oxidative stress, and mice with HMGB1cardiomyocyte-specific overexpression are partially protected from cardiac damage. Finally, higher levels of circulating HMGB1 are associated to human heart diseases. Hence, during cardiac injury, HMGB1 elicits both harmful and beneficial responses that may in part depend on the generation and stability of the diverse redox forms, whose specific functions in this context remain mostly unexplored. This review summarizes recent findings on HMGB1 biology and heart dysfunctions and discusses the therapeutic potential of modulating its expression, localization, and oxidative-dependent activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Raucci
- Unit of Experimental Cardio-Oncology and Cardiovascular Aging, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Via C. Parea 4, 20138, Milan, Italy.
| | - Stefania Di Maggio
- Unit of Experimental Cardio-Oncology and Cardiovascular Aging, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Via C. Parea 4, 20138, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Scavello
- Unit of Experimental Cardio-Oncology and Cardiovascular Aging, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Via C. Parea 4, 20138, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro D'Ambrosio
- Unit of Experimental Cardio-Oncology and Cardiovascular Aging, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Via C. Parea 4, 20138, Milan, Italy
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco E Bianchi
- Chromatin Dynamics Unit, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Maurizio C Capogrossi
- Department of Cardiology, Ochsner Medical Center, New Orleans, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, USA
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59
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Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus induces concurrent elevation of High Mobility Group Box-1 protein and pro-inflammatory cytokines in experimentally infected piglets. Cytokine 2019; 113:21-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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60
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Abstract
High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is one of the most abundant proteins in eukaryotes and the best characterized damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP). The biological activities of HMGB1 depend on its subcellular location, context and post-translational modifications. Inside the nucleus, HMGB1 is engaged in many DNA events such as DNA repair, transcription regulation and genome stability; in the cytoplasm, its main function is to regulate the autophagic flux while in the extracellular environment, it possesses more complicated functions and it is involved in a large variety of different processes such as inflammation, migration, invasion, proliferation, differentiation and tissue regeneration. Due to this pleiotropy, the role of HMGB1 has been vastly investigated in various pathological diseases and a large number of studies have explored its function in cardiovascular pathologies. However, in this contest, the precise mechanism of action of HMGB1 and its therapeutic potential are still very controversial since is debated whether HMGB1 is involved in tissue damage or plays a role in tissue repair and regeneration. The main focus of this review is to provide an overview of the effects of HMGB1 in different ischemic heart diseases and to discuss its functions in these pathological conditions.
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Gaskell H, Ge X, Nieto N. High-Mobility Group Box-1 and Liver Disease. Hepatol Commun 2018; 2:1005-1020. [PMID: 30202816 PMCID: PMC6128227 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
High‐mobility group box‐1 (HMGB1) is a ubiquitous protein. While initially thought to be simply an architectural protein due to its DNA‐binding ability, evidence from the last decade suggests that HMGB1 is a key protein participating in the pathogenesis of acute liver injury and chronic liver disease. When it is passively released or actively secreted after injury, HMGB1 acts as a damage‐associated molecular pattern that communicates injury and inflammation to neighboring cells by the receptor for advanced glycation end products or toll‐like receptor 4, among others. In the setting of acute liver injury, HMGB1 participates in ischemia/reperfusion, sepsis, and drug‐induced liver injury. In the context of chronic liver disease, it has been implicated in alcoholic liver disease, liver fibrosis, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Recently, specific posttranslational modifications have been identified that could condition the effects of the protein in the liver. Here, we provide a detailed review of how HMGB1 signaling participates in acute liver injury and chronic liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harriet Gaskell
- Department of Pathology University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago IL
| | - Xiaodong Ge
- Department of Pathology University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago IL
| | - Natalia Nieto
- Department of Pathology University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago IL.,Department of Medicine University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago IL
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62
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High-mobility group box 1 is responsible for monosodium urate crystal-induced inflammation in human U937 macrophages. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 503:3248-3255. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.08.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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63
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Lenka SS, Paichha M, Basu M, Samanta M. LrHMGB1 Shares Structural Similarities with Human HMGB1, and Its Expression Is Induced in Bacterial Infection, Antiviral Vaccination, and Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns Stimulation. DNA Cell Biol 2018; 37:708-723. [DOI: 10.1089/dna.2018.4221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mahismita Paichha
- Immunology Laboratory, Fish Health Management Division, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Madhubanti Basu
- Immunology Laboratory, Fish Health Management Division, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Mrinal Samanta
- Immunology Laboratory, Fish Health Management Division, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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Weng L, Guo L, Vachani A, Mesaros C, Blair IA. Quantification of Serum High Mobility Group Box 1 by Liquid Chromatography/High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry: Implications for Its Role in Immunity, Inflammation, and Cancer. Anal Chem 2018; 90:7552-7560. [PMID: 29791130 PMCID: PMC6417096 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b01175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
![]()
High mobility group
box 1 (HMGB1) is a non-histone chromosomal
protein, which can be secreted through a variety of pathways and bind
to pattern recognition receptors to release pro-inflammatory cytokines.
Previous studies have suggested that HMGB1 is upregulated in numerous
inflammatory diseases and that it could be a biomarker for such diseases.
However, these studies used immunoassay-based methods to analyze serum
HMGB1. Autoantibodies to HMGB1 in serum are found in healthy control
subjects as well as in patients with different diseases. HMGB1 also
binds to haptoglobin, a highly abundant plasma protein. This means
that antibodies used in immunoassays must compete with binding of
HMGB1 to endogenous serum HMGB1 autoantibodies and haptoglobin. To
overcome these potential problems, we developed and validated a specific
and sensitive assay based on stable isotope dilution and immunopurification
to quantify HMGB1 in plasma and serum using two-dimensional nano-ultra-high-performance
liquid chromatography parallel reaction monitoring/high-resolution
mass spectrometry. Using this assay, we found that serum HMGB1 in
24 healthy control subjects (6.0 ± 2.1 ng/mL) was above the mean
concentration reported for 18 different diseases (5.4 ± 2.8 ng/mL)
where the analyses were conducted with immunoassay methodology. In
light of our finding, the role of HMGB1 in these diseases will have
to be re-evaluated. The concentration of HMGB1 in citrated and EDTA-treated
plasma from the same healthy control subjects was below the limit
of detection of our assay (1 ng/mL), confirming that HMGB1 in serum
arises when blood is allowed to clot. This means that future studies
on the role of HMGB1 in vivo should be conducted on plasma rather
than serum.
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65
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Davies JE, Apta BHR, Harper MT. Cross-reactivity of anti-HMGB1 antibodies for HMGB2. J Immunol Methods 2018; 456:72-76. [PMID: 29453955 PMCID: PMC5886380 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
HMGB1 and HMGB2 are DNA-interacting proteins but can also have extracellular actions during inflammation. Despite their relatively high homology, they may have distinct roles, making it essential to be able to differentiate between the two. Here we examine the specificity of five commercially-available anti-HMGB1 antibodies. By Western blotting of recombinant proteins and HMGB1−/− mouse embryonic fibroblasts, we identified only one HMGB1 antibody that, under our experimental conditions, did not also detect HMGB2. Selecting specific antibodies for HMGB1 and HMGB2 allowed identification of distinct HMGB1 and HMGB2 subcellular pools in primary neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica E Davies
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Bonita H R Apta
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Matthew T Harper
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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Regulation of Tumor Progression by Programmed Necrosis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:3537471. [PMID: 29636841 PMCID: PMC5831895 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3537471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Rapidly growing malignant tumors frequently encounter hypoxia and nutrient (e.g., glucose) deprivation, which occurs because of insufficient blood supply. This results in necrotic cell death in the core region of solid tumors. Necrotic cells release their cellular cytoplasmic contents into the extracellular space, such as high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), which is a nonhistone nuclear protein, but acts as a proinflammatory and tumor-promoting cytokine when released by necrotic cells. These released molecules recruit immune and inflammatory cells, which exert tumor-promoting activity by inducing angiogenesis, proliferation, and invasion. Development of a necrotic core in cancer patients is also associated with poor prognosis. Conventionally, necrosis has been thought of as an unregulated process, unlike programmed cell death processes like apoptosis and autophagy. Recently, necrosis has been recognized as a programmed cell death, encompassing processes such as oncosis, necroptosis, and others. Metabolic stress-induced necrosis and its regulatory mechanisms have been poorly investigated until recently. Snail and Dlx-2, EMT-inducing transcription factors, are responsible for metabolic stress-induced necrosis in tumors. Snail and Dlx-2 contribute to tumor progression by promoting necrosis and inducing EMT and oncogenic metabolism. Oncogenic metabolism has been shown to play a role(s) in initiating necrosis. Here, we discuss the molecular mechanisms underlying metabolic stress-induced programmed necrosis that promote tumor progression and aggressiveness.
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VanPatten S, Al-Abed Y. High Mobility Group Box-1 (HMGb1): Current Wisdom and Advancement as a Potential Drug Target. J Med Chem 2018; 61:5093-5107. [PMID: 29268019 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
High mobility group box-1 (HMGb1) protein, a nuclear non-histone protein that is released or secreted from the cell in response to damage or stress, is a sentinel for the immune system that plays a critical role in cell survival/death pathways. This review highlights key features of the endogenous danger-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) protein, HMGb1 in the innate inflammatory response along with various cofactors and receptors that regulate its downstream effects. The evidence demonstrating increased levels of HMGb1 in human inflammatory diseases and conditions is presented, along with a summary of current small molecule or peptide-like antagonists proven to specifically target HMGb1. Additionally, we delineate the measures needed toward validating this protein as a clinically relevant biomarker or bioindicator and as a relevant drug target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonya VanPatten
- Center for Molecular Innovation , The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research , 350 Community Drive , Manhasset , New York 11030 , United States
| | - Yousef Al-Abed
- Center for Molecular Innovation , The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research , 350 Community Drive , Manhasset , New York 11030 , United States
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Hwang JS, Kang ES, Han SG, Lim DS, Paek KS, Lee CH, Seo HG. Formononetin inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced release of high mobility group box 1 by upregulating SIRT1 in a PPARδ-dependent manner. PeerJ 2018; 6:e4208. [PMID: 29312829 PMCID: PMC5756453 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The release of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) induced by inflammatory signals acts as a cellular alarmin to trigger a chain of inflammatory responses. Although the inflammatory actions of HMGB1 are well studied, less is known about the therapeutic agents that can impede its release. This study investigated whether the isoflavonoid formononetin can modulate HMGB1 release in cellular inflammatory responses. Methods RAW264.7 murine macrophages were exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the presence or absence of formononetin. The levels of HMGB1 release, sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) expression, and HMGB1 acetylation were analyzed by immunoblotting and real-time polymerase chain reaction. The effects of resveratrol and sirtinol, an activator and inhibitor of SIRT1, respectively, on LPS-induced HMGB1 release were also evaluated. Results Formononetin modulated cellular inflammatory responses by suppressing the release of HMGB1 by macrophages exposed to LPS. In RAW264.7 cells, formononetin significantly attenuated LPS-induced release of HMGB1 into the extracellular environment, which was accompanied by a reduction in its translocation from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. In addition, formononetin significantly induced mRNA and protein expression of SIRT1 in a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ (PPARδ)-dependent manner. These effects of formononetin were dramatically attenuated in cells treated with small interfering RNA (siRNA) against PPARδ or with GSK0660, a specific inhibitor of PPARδ, indicating that PPARδ is involved in formononetin-mediated SIRT1 expression. In line with these effects, formononetin-mediated inhibition of HMGB1 release in LPS-treated cells was reversed by treatment with SIRT1-targeting siRNA or sirtinol, a SIRT1 inhibitor. By contrast, resveratrol, a SIRT1 activator, further potentiated the inhibitory effect of formononetin on LPS-induced HMGB1 release, revealing a possible mechanism by which formononetin regulates HMGB1 release through SIRT1. Furthermore, modulation of SIRT1 expression by transfection of SIRT1- or PPARδ-targeting siRNA significantly counteracted the inhibitory effects of formononetin on LPS-induced HMGB1 acetylation, which was responsible for HMGB1 release. Discussion This study shows for the first time that formononetin inhibits HMGB1 release by decreasing HMGB1 acetylation via upregulating SIRT1 in a PPARδ-dependent manner. Formononetin consequently exhibits anti-inflammatory activity. Identification of agents, such as formononetin, which can block HMGB1 release, may help to treat inflammation-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Seok Hwang
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Products, Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Sil Kang
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Products, Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Gu Han
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Products, Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dae-Seog Lim
- Department of Biotechnology, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
| | | | - Chi-Ho Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Products, Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Han Geuk Seo
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Products, Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
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Di Ruscio M, Vernia F, Ciccone A, Frieri G, Latella G. Surrogate Fecal Biomarkers in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Rivals or Complementary Tools of Fecal Calprotectin? Inflamm Bowel Dis 2017; 24:78-92. [PMID: 29272479 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izx011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current noninvasive methods for assessing intestinal inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remain unsatisfactory. Along with C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate, fecal calprotectin (FC) is the standard test for assessing IBD activity, even though its specificity and accuracy are not optimal and it lacks a validated cutoff. Over the past few decades, several fecal markers released from intestinal inflammatory cells have been investigated in IBD; they are the subject of this systematic review. METHODS A systematic electronic search of the English literature up to April 2017 was performed using Medline and the Cochrane Library. Only papers written in English that analyzed fecal biomarkers in IBD were included. In vitro studies, animal studies, studies on blood/serum samples, and studies analyzing FC or fecal lactoferrin alone were excluded. RESULTS Out of 1023 citations, 125 eligible studies were identified. Data were grouped according to each fecal marker including S100A12, high-mobility group box 1, neopterin, polymorphonuclear neutrophil elastase, fecal hemoglobin, alpha1-antitrypsin, human neutrophil peptides, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, chitinase 3-like-1, matrix metalloproteinase 9, lysozyme, M2-pyruvate kinase, myeloperoxidase, fecal eosinophil proteins, human beta-defensin-2, and beta-glucuronidase. Some of these markers showed a high sensitivity and specificity and correlated with disease activity, response to therapy, and mucosal healing. Furthermore, they showed a potential utility in the prediction of clinical relapse. CONCLUSIONS Several fecal biomarkers have the potential to become useful tools complementing FC in IBD diagnosis and monitoring. However, wide variability in their accuracy in assessment of intestinal inflammation suggests the need for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Di Ruscio
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Piazza S. Tommasi, Coppito, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Filippo Vernia
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Piazza S. Tommasi, Coppito, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Antonio Ciccone
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Piazza S. Tommasi, Coppito, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Frieri
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Piazza S. Tommasi, Coppito, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Giovanni Latella
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Piazza S. Tommasi, Coppito, L'Aquila, Italy
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Liu YJ, Li W, Chang F, Liu JN, Lin JX, Chen DX. MicroRNA-505 is downregulated in human osteosarcoma and regulates cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Oncol Rep 2017; 39:491-500. [PMID: 29251324 PMCID: PMC5783616 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.6142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) are involved in osteosarcoma tumorigenesis, progression, invasion and metastasis. For example, miR-505 plays important roles in human carcinogenesis; however, its exact function in osteosarcoma remains unclear. MicroRNA profiles of osteosarcoma and normal tissues were obtained by miRNA microarray assays, which were validated by quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Then, high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) expression was evaluated by qRT-PCR and western blot analysis. The correlation between miR-505 and HMGB1 was analyzed by Pearson correlation. In vitro, the biological functions of miR-505 were examined by wound healing, MTT and Transwell assays and western blot analysis in MG63 cells transfected with miRNA mimics or empty vector. Luciferase assay was utilized to assess whether HMGB1 is a target of miR-505. miRNA microarrays revealed 26 aberrant miRNAs in osteosarcoma tissues; miR-505 showed the most pronounced decrease (P<0.01), which was significantly associated with TNM stage and metastasis status (P<0.05). In addition, HMGB1 was highly expressed in osteosarcoma tissues (P<0.01), with a significantly negative correlation with miR-505 (r=−0.6679, P<0.001). Furthermore, miR-505 inhibited proliferation, migration and invasion abilities of MG63 cells (P<0.01). Moreover, luciferase activity of the HMGB1-3′-UTR plasmid was suppressed following miR-505 binding (P<0.01). Finally, HMGB1 overexpression partly reversed the effects of miR-505 on MG63 cells. In conclusion, miR-505 levels are decreased in osteosarcoma tissues, and reduced miR-505 expression is significantly associated with poorer clinical prognosis in patients with osteosarcomas. miR-505 inhibits osteosarcoma cell proliferation, migration and invasion by regulating HMGB1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jiang Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Hiser Medical Center of Qingdao, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, Hiser Medical Center of Qingdao, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Feng Chang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Hiser Medical Center of Qingdao, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Na Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Hiser Medical Center of Qingdao, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Jun-Xin Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University (Qingdao), Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - De-Xi Chen
- Department of Spine Surgery, Hiser Medical Center of Qingdao, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
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Identification of pharmacological agents that induce HMGB1 release. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14915. [PMID: 29097772 PMCID: PMC5668281 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14848-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The translocation of the protein high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and its secretion or passive release through the permeabilized plasma membrane, constitutes a major cellular danger signal. Extracellular HMGB1 can interact with pattern recognition receptors to stimulate pro-inflammatory and immunostimulatory pathways. Here, we developed a screening assay to identify pharmacological agents endowed with HMGB1 releasing properties. For this, we took advantage of the "retention using selective hooks" (RUSH) system in which a streptavidin-NLS3 fusion protein was used as a nuclear hook to sequestrate streptavidin-binding peptide (SBP) fused with HMGB1 and green fluorescent protein (GFP). When combined with biotin, which competitively disrupts the interaction between streptavidin-NLS3 and HMGB1-SBP-GFP, immunogenic cell death (ICD) inducers such as anthracyclines were able to cause the nucleo-cytoplasmic translocation of HMGB1-SBP-GFP. This system, was used in a high-content screening (HCS) campaign for the identification of HMGB1 releasing agents. Hits fell into three functional categories: known ICD inducers, microtubule inhibitors and epigenetic modifiers. These agents induced ICD through a panoply of distinct mechanisms. Their effective action was confirmed by multiple methods monitoring nuclear, cytoplasmic and extracellular HMGB1 pools, both in cultured human or murine cells, as well as in mouse plasma.
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Zhang J, Zhang L, Zhang S, Yu Q, Xiong F, Huang K, Wang CY, Yang P. HMGB1, an innate alarmin, plays a critical role in chronic inflammation of adipose tissue in obesity. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 454:103-111. [PMID: 28619625 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Obesity has emerged as an imminent global public health concern over the past several decades. It has now become evident that obesity is characterized by the persistent and low-grade inflammation in the adipose tissue, and serves as an independent risk factor for many metabolic disorders such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Particularly, adipocytes originated from obese mice and humans likely predominate necrosis upon stressful insults, leading to passive release of cellular contents including the high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) into the extracellular milieu. Extracellular HMGB1 acts as an innate alarmin to stimulate the activation of resident immune cells in the adipose tissue. Upon activation, those resident immune cells actively secrete additional HMGB1, which in turn activates/recruits additional immune cells, and induces adipocyte death. This review summarizes those novel discoveries in terms of HMGB1 in the initiation and maintenance of chronic inflammatory state in adipose tissue in obesity, and discusses its potential application in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Health, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave., Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Health, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave., Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Health, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave., Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Qilin Yu
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Health, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave., Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Fei Xiong
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Health, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave., Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Kun Huang
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Cong-Yi Wang
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Health, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave., Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Ping Yang
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Health, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave., Wuhan, 430030, China.
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Chang YC, Lin CW, Hsieh MC, Wu HJ, Wu WS, Wu WC, Kao YH. High mobility group B1 up-regulates angiogenic and fibrogenic factors in human retinal pigment epithelial ARPE-19 cells. Cell Signal 2017; 40:248-257. [PMID: 28970183 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia-induced retinal neovascularization plays a central role in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy. This study aimed to investigate whether hypoxia leads to the release of nuclear high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) peptides from cultured retinal pigment epithelial ARPE-19 cells, to determine the effect of HMGB1 on angiogenic cytokine production and elucidate the involved signaling pathways. A chemical hypoxia mimetic agent, cobalt chloride, induced SIRT1 downregulation, HMGB1 nucleocytoplasmic relocation and extracellular release from ARPE-19 cells, implicating its autocrine function. Resveratrol treatment significantly reduced secretion of HMGB1 from ARPE-19 cells exposed to hypoxia. Cell proliferation and cell cycle analyses demonstrated that exogenous HMGB1 caused significant growth suppression and G1 cell cycle arrest in ARPE-19 cells. Morphological observations showed that HMGB1 enhanced adhesion, but suppressed migration of ARPE-19 cells. More intriguingly, HMGB1 up-regulated expression of angiofibrogenic factors in ARPE-19 cells, including VEGF, bFGF, TGF-β2, and CTGF. Signal profiling characterization indicated that HMGB1 triggered hyperphosphorylation of Akt, p38 MAPK, and NF-κB, but not that of ERK, JNK, and Smad2, whereas inhibition of PI3K, MAPK, or NF-κB significantly attenuated the HMGB1-driven cytokine overproduction in ARPE-19 cells. Functional neutralization with anti-TLR4 and -RAGE antibodies confirmed that both receptors were involved in the cytokine overproduction. In conclusion, chemically-mimicked hypoxia induced nucleocytoplasmic relocation and release of HMGB1 peptides, which in turn up-regulated the production of angiofibrogenic factors in RPE cells, thereby contributing to the pathogenesis of hypoxia-associated diabetic retinopathies. Conversely, blockades of intraocular HMGB1 bioavailability or signal activation may prevent angiofibrogenesis in development of diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yo-Chen Chang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Municipal Hsiao-Kang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wei Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chu Hsieh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Horng-Jiun Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Sheng Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chuan Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Ying-Hsien Kao
- Department of Medical Research, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Laboratory Science, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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O'Reilly S. Toll Like Receptors in systemic sclerosis: An emerging target. Immunol Lett 2017; 195:2-8. [PMID: 28888416 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Pattern Recognition Receptors are critical receptors that elicit an immune response upon their activation that culminates in activation of NF-KB and cytokine secretion. Key among these receptors are the Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs). These evolutionary conserved receptors form a key part in the defence against various pathogens and comprise a key part of the innate immune system. Systemic sclerosis is an autoimmune disease in which a breach of tolerance has occurred and leads to fulminant autoimmunity, dysregulated cytokines, pro-fibrotic mediators and activation of fibroblasts leading to fibrosis via collagen deposition. It has become apparent in recent years that the innate immune system and specifically TLRs are important in disease pathogenesis; responding to internal ligands to initiate an innate immune response ultimately leading to release of a variety of factors that initiate and perpetuate fibrosis. This review will examine the recent evidence of TLR signalling in systemic sclerosis and the internal danger associated molecules that may mediate the fibrotic cascade. Evaluation of their contribution to disease in systemic sclerosis and possible therapeutic targeting will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven O'Reilly
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Ellison Building, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
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Rider P, Voronov E, Dinarello CA, Apte RN, Cohen I. Alarmins: Feel the Stress. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 198:1395-1402. [PMID: 28167650 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decade, danger-associated molecular pattern molecules, or alarmins, have been recognized as signaling mediators of sterile inflammatory responses after trauma and injury. In contrast with the accepted passive release models suggested by the "danger hypothesis," it was recently shown that alarmins can also directly sense and report damage by signaling to the environment when released from live cells undergoing physiological stress, even without loss of subcellular compartmentalization. In this article, we review the involvement of alarmins such as IL-1α, IL-33, IL-16, and high-mobility group box 1 in cellular and physiological stress, and suggest a novel activity of these molecules as central initiators of sterile inflammation in response to nonlethal stress, a function we denote "stressorins." We highlight the role of posttranslational modifications of stressorins as key regulators of their activity and propose that targeted inhibition of stressorins or their modifiers could serve as attractive new anti-inflammatory treatments for a broad range of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peleg Rider
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, 84105 Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Elena Voronov
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, 84105 Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | | | - Ron N Apte
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, 84105 Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Idan Cohen
- Faculty of Medicine, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya Hospital, 22100 Nahariya, Israel
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Park EJ, Kim YM, Chang KC. Hemin Reduces HMGB1 Release by UVB in an AMPK/HO-1-dependent Pathway in Human Keratinocytes HaCaT Cells. Arch Med Res 2017; 48:423-431. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2017.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Ramos-Sánchez JM, Triozzi PM, Moreno-Cortés A, Conde D, Perales M, Allona I. Real-time monitoring of PtaHMGB activity in poplar transactivation assays. PLANT METHODS 2017; 13:50. [PMID: 28638438 PMCID: PMC5472981 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-017-0199-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Precise control of gene expression is essential to synchronize plant development with the environment. In perennial plants, transcriptional regulation remains poorly understood, mainly due to the long time required to perform functional studies. Transcriptional reporters based on luciferase have been useful to study circadian and diurnal regulation of gene expression, both by transcription factors and chromatin remodelers. The high mobility group proteins are considered transcriptional chaperones that also modify the chromatin architecture. They have been found in several species, presenting in some cases a circadian expression of their mRNA or protein. RESULTS Transactivation experiments have been shown as a powerful and fast method to obtain information about the potential role of transcription factors upon a certain reporter. We designed and validated a luciferase transcriptional reporter using the 5' sequence upstream ATG of Populus tremula × alba LHY2 gene. We showed the robustness of this reporter line under long day and continuous light conditions. Moreover, we confirmed that pPtaLHY2::LUC activity reproduces the accumulation of PtaLHY2 mRNA. We performed transactivation studies by transient expression, using the reporter line as a genetic background, unraveling a new function of a high mobility group protein in poplar, which can activate the PtaLHY2 promoter in a gate-dependent manner. We also showed PtaHMGB2/3 needs darkness to produce that activation and exhibits an active degradation after dawn, mediated by the 26S proteasome. CONCLUSIONS We generated a stable luciferase reporter poplar line based on the circadian clock gene PtaLHY2, which can be used to investigate transcriptional regulation and signal transduction pathway. Using this reporter line as a genetic background, we established a methodology to rapidly assess potential regulators of diurnal and circadian rhythms. This tool allowed us to demonstrate that PtaHMGB2/3 promotes the transcriptional activation of our reporter in a gate-dependent manner. Moreover, we added new information about the PtaHMGB2/3 protein regulation along the day. This methodology can be easily adapted to other transcription factors and reporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M. Ramos-Sánchez
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus Montegancedo UPM, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paolo M. Triozzi
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus Montegancedo UPM, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alicia Moreno-Cortés
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus Montegancedo UPM, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Conde
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus Montegancedo UPM, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariano Perales
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus Montegancedo UPM, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Allona
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus Montegancedo UPM, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28040 Madrid, Spain
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He SJ, Cheng J, Feng X, Yu Y, Tian L, Huang Q. The dual role and therapeutic potential of high-mobility group box 1 in cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:64534-64550. [PMID: 28969092 PMCID: PMC5610024 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is an abundant protein in most eukaryocytes. It can bind to several receptors such as advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and Toll-like receptors (TLRs), in direct or indirect way. The biological effects of HMGB1 depend on its expression and subcellular location. Inside the nucleus, HMGB1 is engaged in many DNA events such as DNA repair, transcription, telomere maintenance, and genome stability. While outside the nucleus, it possesses more complicated functions, including regulating cell proliferation, autophagy, inflammation and immunity. During tumor development, HMGB1 has been characterized as both a pro- and anti-tumoral protein by either promoting or suppressing tumor growth, proliferation, angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis. However, the current knowledge concerning the positive and negative effects of HMGB1 on tumor development is not explicit. Here, we evaluate the role of HMGB1 in tumor development and attempt to reconcile the dual effects of HMGB1 in carcinogenesis. Furthermore, we would like to present current strategies targeting against HMGB1, its receptor or release, which have shown potentially therapeutic value in cancer intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Jia He
- Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Cheng
- Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Feng
- Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Oncology Department, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ling Tian
- Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Huang
- Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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79
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Sun J, Guo E, Yang J, Yang Y, Liu S, Hu J, Jiang X, Dirsch O, Dahmen U, Dong W, Liu A. Carbon monoxide ameliorates hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury via sirtuin 1-mediated deacetylation of high-mobility group box 1 in rats. Liver Transpl 2017; 23:510-526. [PMID: 28133883 DOI: 10.1002/lt.24733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) exerts protective effects on hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI), but the underlying molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is an important mediator of injury and inflammation in hepatic IRI. Here, we investigated whether CO could attenuate hepatic IRI via inhibition of HMGB1 release, particularly through sirtuin 1 (SIRT1). CO was released by treatment with carbon monoxide-releasing molecule (CORM)-2. CORM-2-delivered CO ameliorated hepatic IRI, as indicated by lower serum aminotransferase levels, lower hepatic inflammatory responses, and less severe ischemia/reperfusion-associated histopathologic changes. Treatment with CORM-2 significantly inhibited IRI-induced HMGB1 translocation and release. SIRT1 expression was increased by CORM-2 pretreatment. When CORM-2-induced SIRT1 expression was inhibited using EX527, HMGB1 translocation and release were increased and hepatic IRI was worsened, whereas SIRT1 activation by resveratrol reversed this trend. In vitro, CORM-2 reduced hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced HMGB1 translocation and release, these inhibitions were blocked by SIRT1 inhibition using EX527 or SIRT1 small interfering RNA both in alpha mouse liver 12 cells and RAW264.7 macrophages. Moreover, SIRT1 directly interacted with and deacetylated HMGB1. IRI increased HMGB1 acetylation, which was abolished by CORM-2 treatment via SIRT1. In conclusion, these results suggest that CO may increase SIRT1 expression, which may decrease HMGB1 acetylation and subsequently reduce its translocation and release, thereby protecting against hepatic IRI. Liver Transplantation 23 510-526 2017 AASLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Sun
- Department of Biliopancreatic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Enshuang Guo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiankun Yang
- Experimental Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Experimental Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shenpei Liu
- Experimental Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jifa Hu
- Experimental Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaojing Jiang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Wuhan, China
| | - Olaf Dirsch
- Experimental Transplantation Surgery, Department of General, Visceral and Vascular Surgery, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Uta Dahmen
- Experimental Transplantation Surgery, Department of General, Visceral and Vascular Surgery, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Wei Dong
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province for the Clinical Medicine Research Center of Hepatic Surgery, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Public Health, Wuhan, China
| | - Anding Liu
- Experimental Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Experimental Transplantation Surgery, Department of General, Visceral and Vascular Surgery, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
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80
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Di Candia L, Gomez E, Venereau E, Chachi L, Kaur D, Bianchi ME, Challiss RAJ, Brightling CE, Saunders RM. HMGB1 is upregulated in the airways in asthma and potentiates airway smooth muscle contraction via TLR4. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 140:584-587.e8. [PMID: 28259445 PMCID: PMC5540224 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.11.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Leonarda Di Candia
- Institute for Lung Health, Department of Infection, Immunity & Inflammation, Glenfield Hospital, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Edith Gomez
- Institute for Lung Health, Department of Infection, Immunity & Inflammation, Glenfield Hospital, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Emilie Venereau
- San Raffaele University and Scientific Institute and HMGBiotech s.r.l., Milan, Italy
| | - Latifa Chachi
- Institute for Lung Health, Department of Infection, Immunity & Inflammation, Glenfield Hospital, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Davinder Kaur
- Institute for Lung Health, Department of Infection, Immunity & Inflammation, Glenfield Hospital, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Marco E Bianchi
- San Raffaele University and Scientific Institute and HMGBiotech s.r.l., Milan, Italy
| | - R A John Challiss
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher E Brightling
- Institute for Lung Health, Department of Infection, Immunity & Inflammation, Glenfield Hospital, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth M Saunders
- Institute for Lung Health, Department of Infection, Immunity & Inflammation, Glenfield Hospital, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom.
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81
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Ding J, Cui X, Liu Q. Emerging role of HMGB1 in lung diseases: friend or foe. J Cell Mol Med 2016; 21:1046-1057. [PMID: 28039939 PMCID: PMC5431121 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung diseases remain a serious problem for public health. The immune status of the body is considered to be the main influencing factor for the progression of lung diseases. HMGB1 (high‐mobility group box 1) emerges as an important molecule of the body immune network. Accumulating data have demonstrated that HMGB1 is crucially implicated in lung diseases and acts as independent biomarker and therapeutic target for related lung diseases. This review provides an overview of updated understanding of HMGB1 structure, release styles, receptors and function. Furthermore, we discuss the potential role of HMGB1 in a variety of lung diseases. Further exploration of molecular mechanisms underlying the function of HMGB1 in lung diseases will provide novel preventive and therapeutic strategies for lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junying Ding
- Beijing Key Lab of Basic Study on Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Infectious Diseases, Beijing Research Institute of TCM, Beijing Hospital of TCM affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuran Cui
- Beijing Key Lab of Basic Study on Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Infectious Diseases, Beijing Research Institute of TCM, Beijing Hospital of TCM affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qingquan Liu
- Beijing Key Lab of Basic Study on Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Infectious Diseases, Beijing Research Institute of TCM, Beijing Hospital of TCM affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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82
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Kim YM, Park EJ, Kim JH, Park SW, Kim HJ, Chang KC. Ethyl pyruvate inhibits the acetylation and release of HMGB1 via effects on SIRT1/STAT signaling in LPS-activated RAW264.7 cells and peritoneal macrophages. Int Immunopharmacol 2016; 41:98-105. [PMID: 27865166 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), a cytokine present in the late phase of sepsis, may be a potential target for the treatment of sepsis. For HMGB1 to be actively secreted from macrophages during infections, it must be post-translationally modified. Although ethyl pyruvate (EP), a simple aliphatic ester derived from pyruvic acid, has been shown to inhibit the release of HMGB1 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated RAW 264.7 cells, the underlying mechanism(s) are not yet clear. We investigated the hypothesis that the upregulation of SIRT1 by EP might promote the deacetylation of HMGB1, which reduces HMGB1 release in LPS-activated macrophages. Our results show that EP induced the expression of the SIRT1 protein in RAW264.7 cells and that it significantly inhibited the LPS-induced acetylation of HMGB1. Transfection with a SIRT1-overexpressing vector resulted in a significant decrease in the acetylation of HMGB1 in LPS-activated RAW264.7 cells relative to control cells. The genetic ablation or the pharmacological inhibition of SIRT1 by sirtinol increased LPS-induced HMGB1 acetylation. Moreover, EP inhibited the acetylation of HMGB1 in peritoneal macrophages treated with LPS. Interestingly, EP significantly reduced the LPS-induced phosphorylation of STAT1, which was significantly reversed by siSIRT1 transfection in RAW264.7 cells, indicating that SIRT1 negatively regulates the phosphorylation of STAT1. Overall, the results show that EP promotes the deacetylation of HMGB1 via the inhibition of STAT1 phosphorylation through the upregulation of SIRT1, which reduces HMGB1 release in LPS-activated RAW264.7 cells. In conclusion, EP might be useful in the treatment of diseases that target HMGB1, such as sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Min Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-751, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jung Park
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-751, Republic of Korea; Department of Convergence Medical Science (BK21 Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-751, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hwan Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-751, Republic of Korea; Department of Convergence Medical Science (BK21 Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-751, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Won Park
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-751, Republic of Korea; Department of Convergence Medical Science (BK21 Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-751, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jung Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-751, Republic of Korea; Department of Convergence Medical Science (BK21 Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-751, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Churl Chang
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-751, Republic of Korea; Department of Convergence Medical Science (BK21 Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-751, Republic of Korea.
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83
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HMGB1, IL-1α, IL-33 and S100 proteins: dual-function alarmins. Cell Mol Immunol 2016; 14:43-64. [PMID: 27569562 PMCID: PMC5214941 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2016.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 324] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Our immune system is based on the close collaboration of the innate and adaptive immune systems for the rapid detection of any threats to the host. Recognition of pathogen-derived molecules is entrusted to specific germline-encoded signaling receptors. The same receptors have now also emerged as efficient detectors of misplaced or altered self-molecules that signal tissue damage and cell death following, for example, disruption of the blood supply and subsequent hypoxia. Many types of endogenous molecules have been shown to provoke such sterile inflammatory states when released from dying cells. However, a group of proteins referred to as alarmins have both intracellular and extracellular functions which have been the subject of intense research. Indeed, alarmins can either exert beneficial cell housekeeping functions, leading to tissue repair, or provoke deleterious uncontrolled inflammation. This group of proteins includes the high-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1), interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-33 and the Ca2+-binding S100 proteins. These dual-function proteins share conserved regulatory mechanisms, such as secretory routes, post-translational modifications and enzymatic processing, that govern their extracellular functions in time and space. Release of alarmins from mesenchymal cells is a highly relevant mechanism by which immune cells can be alerted of tissue damage, and alarmins play a key role in the development of acute or chronic inflammatory diseases and in cancer development.
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84
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PPAR Ligands Function as Suppressors That Target Biological Actions of HMGB1. PPAR Res 2016; 2016:2612743. [PMID: 27563308 PMCID: PMC4985574 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2612743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), which has become one of the most intriguing molecules in inflammatory disorders and cancers and with which ligand-activated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are highly associated, is considered as a therapeutic target. Of particular interest is the fact that certain PPAR ligands have demonstrated their potent anti-inflammatory activities and potential anticancer effects. In this review article we summarize recent experimental evidence that PPAR ligands function as suppressors that target biological actions of HMGB1, including intracellular expression, receptor signaling cascades, and extracellular secretion of HMGB1 in cell lines and/or animal models. We also propose the possible mechanisms underlying PPAR involvement in inflammatory disorders and discuss the future therapeutic value of PPAR ligands targeting HMGB1 molecule for cancer prevention and treatment.
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85
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Venereau E, De Leo F, Mezzapelle R, Careccia G, Musco G, Bianchi ME. HMGB1 as biomarker and drug target. Pharmacol Res 2016; 111:534-544. [PMID: 27378565 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
High Mobility Group Box 1 protein was discovered as a nuclear protein, but it has a "second life" outside the cell where it acts as a damage-associated molecular pattern. HMGB1 is passively released or actively secreted in a number of diseases, including trauma, chronic inflammatory disorders, autoimmune diseases and cancer. Extracellular HMGB1 triggers and sustains the inflammatory response by inducing cytokine release and by recruiting leucocytes. These characteristics make extracellular HMGB1 a key molecular target in multiple diseases. A number of strategies have been used to prevent HMGB1 release or to inhibit its activities. Current pharmacological strategies include antibodies, peptides, decoy receptors and small molecules. Noteworthy, salicylic acid, a metabolite of aspirin, has been recently found to inhibit HMGB1. HMGB1 undergoes extensive post-translational modifications, in particular acetylation and oxidation, which modulate its functions. Notably, high levels of serum HMGB1, in particular of the hyper-acetylated and disulfide isoforms, are sensitive disease biomarkers and are associated with different disease stages. In the future, the development of isoform-specific HMGB1 inhibitors may potentiate and fine-tune the pharmacological control of inflammation. We review here the current therapeutic strategies targeting HMGB1, in particular the emerging and relatively unexplored small molecules-based approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Venereau
- Chromatin Dynamics Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; HMGBiotech s.r.l., Milan, Italy
| | - Federica De Leo
- Biomolecular NMR Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Rosanna Mezzapelle
- Chromatin Dynamics Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgia Careccia
- Chromatin Dynamics Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanna Musco
- Biomolecular NMR Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco E Bianchi
- Chromatin Dynamics Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.
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86
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Xia Q, Xu J, Chen H, Gao Y, Gong F, Hu L, Yang L. Association between an elevated level of HMGB1 and non-small-cell lung cancer: a meta-analysis and literature review. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:3917-23. [PMID: 27418836 PMCID: PMC4935082 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s104409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND HMGB1 has been overexpressed in the tissues or serum of patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in several studies. However, the results remain inconsistent. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to perform a meta-analysis to investigate the relationship between elevated level of HMGB1 and NSCLC. METHODS Associated studies were included, and the pooled risk difference and mean difference (MD) together with 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated. RESULTS A total of ten relevant studies on HMGB1 expression were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled results suggested that the expression of HMGB1 in NSCLC tissues was notably higher than those in corresponding nontumor normal tissues by using immu-nohistochemistry (risk difference =0.38, 95% CI: 0.28-0.48, Z=7.67, P<0.00001, I (2)=0%), Western blot (MD =0.27, 95% CI: 0.06-0.47, Z=2.57, P<0.01), or real-time polymerase chain reaction (MD =15.15, 95% CI: 14.8-15.5, Z=2.08, P=0.04). Serum HMGB1 levels were similarly significantly higher in patients with NSCLC than those in healthy controls. The pooled MDs of HMGB1 in patients with NSCLC compared with healthy controls were 17.54 with 95% CI: 10.99-24.09, Z=5.25, P<0.00001. Two of the included studies were fully reviewed without performing meta-analysis due to the different detection methods used. The protein level of HMGB1 in patients with NSCLC of tumor, nodes, and metastasis (TNM) stages III-IV was higher than that of TNM stages I-II (P<0.047 and P<0.001, respectively). CONCLUSION The expression levels of HMGB1 in both tissues and serum of patients with NSCLC were statistically higher than those of normal lung samples, which indicated that elevated levels of HMGB1 can reveal changes that correlated with disease progression, or even the risk of NSCLC disease progression. The elevated level of HMGB1 could also be considered as a potential biomarker for the diagnosis of patients with NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quansong Xia
- Clinical Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University
| | - Juan Xu
- The People's Hospital of Guandu District, Kunming
| | - Huoying Chen
- Department of Immunology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanzhang Gao
- Clinical Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University
| | - Feili Gong
- Department of Immunology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Liya Hu
- Clinical Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University
| | - Li Yang
- Clinical Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University
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87
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NK Cells, Tumor Cell Transition, and Tumor Progression in Solid Malignancies: New Hints for NK-Based Immunotherapy? J Immunol Res 2016; 2016:4684268. [PMID: 27294158 PMCID: PMC4880686 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4684268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Several evidences suggest that NK cells can patrol the body and eliminate tumors in their initial phases but may hardly control established solid tumors. Multiple factors, including the transition of tumor cells towards a proinvasive/prometastatic phenotype, the immunosuppressive effect of the tumor microenvironment, and the tumor structure complexity, may account for limited NK cell efficacy. Several putative mechanisms of NK cell suppression have been defined in these last years; conversely, the cross talk between NK cells and tumor cells undergoing different transitional phases remains poorly explored. Nevertheless, recent in vitro studies and immunohistochemical analyses on tumor biopsies suggest that NK cells could not only kill tumor cells but also influence their evolution. Indeed, NK cells may induce tumor cells to change the expression of HLA-I, PD-L1, or NKG2D-L and modulate their susceptibility to the immune response. Moreover, NK cells may be preferentially located in the borders of tumor masses, where, indeed, tumor cells can undergo Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) acquiring prometastatic phenotype. Finally, the recently highlighted role of HMGB1 both in EMT and in amplifying the recruitment of NK cells provides further hints on a possible effect of NK cells on tumor progression and fosters new studies on this issue.
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88
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Lea JD, Clarke JI, McGuire N, Antoine DJ. Redox-Dependent HMGB1 Isoforms as Pivotal Co-Ordinators of Drug-Induced Liver Injury: Mechanistic Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets. Antioxid Redox Signal 2016; 24:652-65. [PMID: 26481429 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2015.6406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a critical protein in the coordination of the inflammatory response in drug-induced liver injury (DILI). HMGB1 is released from necrotic hepatocytes and activated immune cells. The extracellular function of HMGB1 is dependent upon redox modification of cysteine residues that control chemoattractant and cytokine-inducing properties. Existing biomarkers of DILI such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT) have limitations such as lack of sensitivity and tissue specificity that can adversely affect clinical intervention. RECENT ADVANCES HMGB1 isoforms have been shown to be more sensitive biomarkers than ALT for predicting DILI development and the requirement for liver transplant following acetaminophen (APAP) overdose. Hepatocyte-specific conditional knockout of HMGB1 has demonstrated the pivotal role of HMGB1 in DILI and liver disease. Tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) enables the characterization and quantification of different mechanism-dependent post-translationally modified isoforms of HMGB1. CRITICAL ISSUES HMGB1 shows great promise as a biomarker of DILI. However, current diagnostic assays are either too time-consuming to be clinically applicable (MS/MS) or are unable to distinguish between different redox and acetyl isoforms of HMGB1 (ELISA). Additionally, HMGB1 is not liver specific, so while it outperforms ALT (also not liver specific) as a biomarker for the prediction of DILI development, it should be used in a biomarker panel along with liver-specific markers such as miR-122. FUTURE DIRECTIONS A point-of-care test for HMGB1 and the development of redox and acetyl isoform-targeting antibodies will advance clinical utility. Work is ongoing to validate baseline levels of circulating HMGB1 in healthy volunteers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D Lea
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, University of Liverpool , Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Joanna I Clarke
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, University of Liverpool , Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Niamh McGuire
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, University of Liverpool , Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel J Antoine
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, University of Liverpool , Liverpool, United Kingdom
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Lundbäck P, Stridh P, Klevenvall L, Jenkins RE, Fischer M, Sundberg E, Andersson U, Antoine DJ, Harris HE. Characterization of the Inflammatory Properties of Actively Released HMGB1 in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis. Antioxid Redox Signal 2016; 24:605-19. [PMID: 25532033 PMCID: PMC4841912 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2014.6039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Pathogenic effects of the endogenous inflammatory mediator high mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1) have been described in several inflammatory diseases. Recent reports have underlined the importance of post-translational modifications (PTMs) in determination of HMGB1 function and release mechanisms. We investigated the occurrence of PTMs of HMGB1 obtained from synovial fluid (SF) of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) patients. RESULTS Analyses of 17 JIA patients confirmed high HMGB1 levels in SF. Liquid chromatography tandem mass-spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analyses of PTMs revealed that total HMGB1 levels were not associated with increased lactate dehydrogenase activity but strongly correlated with nuclear location sequence 2 (NLS2) hyperacetylation, indicating active release of HMGB1. The correlation between total HMGB1 levels and NLS2 hypoacetylation suggests additional, acetylation-independent release mechanisms. Monomethylation of lysine 43 (K43), a proposed neutrophil-specific PTM, was strongly associated with high HMGB1 levels, implying that neutrophils are a source of released HMGB1. Analysis of cysteine redox isoforms, fully reduced HMGB1, disulfide HMGB1, and oxidized HMGB1, revealed that HMGB1 acts as both a chemotactic and a cytokine-inducing mediator. These properties were associated with actively released HMGB1. INNOVATION This is the first report that characterizes HMGB1-specific PTMs during a chronic inflammatory condition. CONCLUSION HMGB1 in SF from JIA patients is actively released through both acetylation-dependent and -nondependent manners. The presence of various functional HMGB1 redox isoforms confirms the complexity of their pathogenic role during chronic inflammation. Defining HMGB1 release pathways and redox isoforms is critical for the understanding of the contribution of HMGB1 during inflammatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Lundbäck
- 1 Department of Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pernilla Stridh
- 2 Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lena Klevenvall
- 3 Department of Women's and Children's Health, Paediatric Unit, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rosalind E Jenkins
- 4 MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Liverpool University , Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Marie Fischer
- 1 Department of Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erik Sundberg
- 3 Department of Women's and Children's Health, Paediatric Unit, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulf Andersson
- 3 Department of Women's and Children's Health, Paediatric Unit, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniel J Antoine
- 4 MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Liverpool University , Liverpool, United Kingdom
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90
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Tang Y, Zhao X, Antoine D, Xiao X, Wang H, Andersson U, Billiar TR, Tracey KJ, Lu B. Regulation of Posttranslational Modifications of HMGB1 During Immune Responses. Antioxid Redox Signal 2016; 24:620-34. [PMID: 26715031 PMCID: PMC5349223 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2015.6409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE High-mobility group protein 1 (HMGB1) is an evolutionarily conserved and multifunctional protein. The biological function of HMGB1 depends on its cellular locations, binding partners, and redox states. Extracellular HMGB1 is a mediator of inflammation during infection or tissue injury. Immune cells actively release HMGB1 in response to infection, which in turn orchestrates both innate and adaptive immune responses. RECENT ADVANCES Hyperacetylation of HMGB1 within its nuclear localization sequences mobilizes HMGB1 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and subsequently promotes HMGB1 release. The redox states of the cysteines in positions 23, 45, and 106 determine the biological activity of the extracellular HMGB1. CRITICAL ISSUES The full picture and the detailed molecular mechanisms of how cells regulate the posttranslational modifications and the redox status of HMGB1 during immune responses or under stress not only unravel the molecular mechanisms by which cells regulate the release and the biological function of HMGB1 but may also provide novel therapeutic targets to treat inflammatory diseases. FUTURE DIRECTIONS It is important to identify the signaling pathways that regulate the posttranslational modifications and the redox status of HMGB1 and find their roles in host immune responses and pathogenesis of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiting Tang
- 1 Department of Hematology, The 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha, China .,2 State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Biological Science and Technology, Central South University , Changsha, China .,3 Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University , Changsha, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- 1 Department of Hematology, The 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha, China .,2 State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Biological Science and Technology, Central South University , Changsha, China
| | - Daniel Antoine
- 4 Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Research Council Centre for Drug Safety Science, University of Liverpool , Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Xianzhong Xiao
- 5 Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Sepsis and Translational Medicine, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University , Changsha, China .,6 Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University , Changsha, China
| | - Haichao Wang
- 7 Department of Emergency Medicine, North Shore University Hospital , Manhasset, New York
| | - Ulf Andersson
- 8 Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Timothy R Billiar
- 9 Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Kevin J Tracey
- 10 Center of Biomedical Science, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research , Manhasset, New York
| | - Ben Lu
- 1 Department of Hematology, The 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha, China .,2 State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Biological Science and Technology, Central South University , Changsha, China .,5 Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Sepsis and Translational Medicine, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University , Changsha, China .,10 Center of Biomedical Science, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research , Manhasset, New York
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91
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Kim YH, Kwak MS, Park JB, Lee SA, Choi JE, Cho HS, Shin JS. N-linked glycosylation plays a crucial role in the secretion of HMGB1. J Cell Sci 2016; 129:29-38. [PMID: 26567221 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.176412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
HMGB1 protein is a delayed mediator of sepsis that is secreted to the extracellular milieu in response to various stimulants, inducing a pro-inflammatory response. HMGB1 is devoid of an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-targeting signal peptide; hence, the mechanism of extracellular secretion is not completely understood, although HMGB1 is secreted after being subjected to post-translational modifications. Here, we identified the role of N-glycosylation of HMGB1 in extracellular secretion. We found two consensus (N37 and N134) and one non-consensus (N135) residues that were N-glycosylated in HMGB1 by performing liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and analyzing for N-glycan composition and structure. Inhibition of N-glycosylation with tunicamycin resulted in a molecular shift of HMGB1 as assessed by gel electrophoresis. Non-glycosylated double mutant (N→Q) HMGB1 proteins (HMGB1(N37Q/N134Q) and HMGB1(N37Q/N135Q)) showed localization to the nuclei, strong binding to DNA, weak binding to the nuclear export protein CRM1 and rapid degradation by ubiquitylation. These mutant proteins had reduced secretion even after acetylation, phosphorylation, oxidation and exposure to pro-inflammatory stimuli. Taken together, we propose that HMGB1 is N-glycosylated, and that this is important for its DNA interaction and is a prerequisite for its nucleocytoplasmic transport and extracellular secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Hun Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea
| | - Man Sup Kwak
- Department of Microbiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea
| | - Jun Bae Park
- Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Shin-Ae Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea
| | - Ji Eun Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 156-707, Korea
| | - Hyun-Soo Cho
- Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Jeon-Soo Shin
- Department of Microbiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea Severance Biomedical Science Institute and Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea
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92
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Wang Y, Zhong J, Zhang X, Liu Z, Yang Y, Gong Q, Ren B. The Role of HMGB1 in the Pathogenesis of Type 2 Diabetes. J Diabetes Res 2016; 2016:2543268. [PMID: 28101517 PMCID: PMC5215175 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2543268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Significance. With an alarming increase in recent years, diabetes mellitus has become a global challenge. Despite advances in treatment of diabetes mellitus, currently, medications available are unable to control the progression of diabetes and its complications. Growing evidence suggests that inflammation is an important pathogenic mediator in the development of diabetes mellitus. The perspectives including suggestions for new therapies involving the shift from metabolic stress to inflammation should be taken into account. Critical Issues. High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), a nonhistone nuclear protein regulating gene expression, was rediscovered as an endogenous danger signal molecule to trigger inflammatory responses when released into extracellular milieu in the late 1990s. Given the similarities of inflammatory response in the development of T2D, we will discuss the potential implication of HMGB1 in the pathogenesis of T2D. Importantly, we will summarize and renovate the role of HMGB1 and HMGB1-mediated inflammatory pathways in adipose tissue inflammation, insulin resistance, and islet dysfunction. Future Directions. HMGB1 and its downstream receptors RAGE and TLRs may serve as potential antidiabetic targets. Current and forthcoming projects in this territory will pave the way for prospective approaches targeting the center of HMGB1-mediated inflammation to improve T2D and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Wang
- Department of Immunology, Medical School, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China
| | - Jixin Zhong
- Department of Immunology, Medical School, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Xiangzhi Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434000, China
| | - Ziwei Liu
- Department of Immunology, Medical School, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China
| | - Yuan Yang
- Department of Immunology, Medical School, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China
| | - Quan Gong
- Department of Immunology, Medical School, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China
- *Quan Gong: and
| | - Boxu Ren
- Department of Immunology, Medical School, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China
- *Boxu Ren:
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93
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Gangemi S, Casciaro M, Trapani G, Quartuccio S, Navarra M, Pioggia G, Imbalzano E. Association between HMGB1 and COPD: A Systematic Review. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:164913. [PMID: 26798204 PMCID: PMC4698778 DOI: 10.1155/2015/164913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
HMGB1 is an alarmin, a protein that warns and activates inflammation. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterised by a progressive airflow obstruction and airway inflammation. Current anti-inflammatory therapies are poorly effective in maintaining lung function and symptoms of COPD. This underlines the need for finding new molecular targets involved in disease pathogenesis in order to block pathology progression. This review aims to analyse latest advances on HMGB1 role, utilisation, and potential application in COPD. To this purpose we reviewed experimental studies that investigated this alarmin as marker as well as a potential treatment in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. This systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. In almost all the studies, it emerged that HMGB1 levels are augmented in smokers and in patients affected by COPD. It emerged that cigarette smoking, the most well-known causative factor of COPD, induces neutrophils death and necrosis. The necrosis of neutrophil cells leads to HMGB1 release, which recruits other neutrophils in a self-maintaining process. According to the results reported in the paper both inhibiting HMGB1 and its receptor (RAGE) and blocking neutrophils necrosis (inducted by cigarette smoking) could be the aim for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastiano Gangemi
- School and Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital “G. Martino”, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Marco Casciaro
- School and Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital “G. Martino”, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Giovanni Trapani
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Quartuccio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Michele Navarra
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, University Pole Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Giovanni Pioggia
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems (ISASI), Messina Unit, 98100 Messina, Italy
| | - Egidio Imbalzano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
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94
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Cai J, Wen J, Bauer E, Zhong H, Yuan H, Chen AF. The Role of HMGB1 in Cardiovascular Biology: Danger Signals. Antioxid Redox Signal 2015; 23:1351-69. [PMID: 26066838 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2015.6408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Accumulating evidence shows that dysregulated immune response contributes to several types of CVDs such as atherosclerosis and pulmonary hypertension (PH). Vascular intimal impairment and low-density lipoprotein oxidation trigger a complex network of innate immune responses and sterile inflammation. RECENT ADVANCES High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), a nuclear DNA-binding protein, was recently discovered to function as a damage-associated molecular pattern molecule (DAMP) that initiates the innate immune responses. These findings lead to the understanding that HMGB1 plays a critical role in the inflammatory response in the pathogenesis of CVD. CRITICAL ISSUES In this review, we highlight the role of extracellular HMGB1 as a proinflammatory mediator as well as a DAMP in coronary artery disease, cerebral artery disease, peripheral artery disease, and PH. FUTURE DIRECTIONS A key focus for future researches on HMGB1 location, structure, modification, and signaling will reveal HMGB1's multiple functions and discover a targeted therapy that can eliminate HMGB1-mediated inflammation without interfering with adaptive immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Cai
- 1 The Center of Clinical Pharmacology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha, China
- 2 Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- 3 Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha, China
| | - Juan Wen
- 1 The Center of Clinical Pharmacology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha, China
- 3 Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha, China
| | - Eileen Bauer
- 2 Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Hua Zhong
- 1 The Center of Clinical Pharmacology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha, China
- 2 Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- 3 Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha, China
| | - Hong Yuan
- 1 The Center of Clinical Pharmacology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha, China
- 3 Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha, China
| | - Alex F Chen
- 1 The Center of Clinical Pharmacology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha, China
- 2 Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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95
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Zeng W, Shan W, Gao L, Gao D, Hu Y, Wang G, Zhang N, Li Z, Tian X, Xu W, Peng J, Ma X, Yao J. Inhibition of HMGB1 release via salvianolic acid B-mediated SIRT1 up-regulation protects rats against non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16013. [PMID: 26525891 PMCID: PMC4630617 DOI: 10.1038/srep16013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The inflammatory mediator high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, the regulation of HMGB1 in NAFLD, particularly through sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the role of SIRT1-mediated inhibition of HMGB1 release in NAFLD and the effect of salvianolic acid B (SalB), which is a water-soluble phenolic acid extracted from Radix Salvia miltiorrhiza, on NAFLD through SIRT1/HMGB1 signaling. In vivo, SalB treatment significantly attenuated high-fat diet (HFD)-induced liver damage, hepatic steatosis, and inflammation. Importantly, SalB significantly inhibited HMGB1 nuclear translocation and release, accompanied by SIRT1 elevation. In HepG2 cells, palmitic acid (PA)-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines release were blocked by HMGB1 small interfering RNA (siRNA) transfection. Moreover, pharmacological SIRT1 inhibition by Ex527 induced HMGB1 translocation and release, whereas SIRT1 activation by resveratrol or SalB reversed this trend. SIRT1 siRNA abrogated the SalB-mediated inhibition of HMGB1 acetylation and release, suggesting that SalB-mediated protection occurs by SIRT1 targeting HMGB1 for deacetylation. We are the first to demonstrate that the SIRT1/HMGB1 pathway is a key therapeutic target for controlling NAFLD inflammation and that SalB confers protection against HFD- and PA-induced hepatic steatosis and inflammation through SIRT1-mediated HMGB1 deacetylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Zeng
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Wen Shan
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Lili Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Dongyan Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Yan Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Guangzhi Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Zhenlu Li
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Xiaofeng Tian
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinyong Peng
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Xiaochi Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Jihong Yao
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
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96
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Wang C, de Souza AW, Westra J, Bijl M, Chen M, Zhao MH, Kallenberg CG. Emerging role of high mobility group box 1 in ANCA-associated vasculitis. Autoimmun Rev 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2015.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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97
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Effect of Negative Pressure Therapy on the Inflammatory Response of the Intestinal Microenvironment in a Porcine Septic Model. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:419841. [PMID: 26294849 PMCID: PMC4534613 DOI: 10.1155/2015/419841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In a swine model of ischemia/reperfusion injury coupled with sepsis, we have previously shown attenuation of secondary organ injury and decreased mortality with negative pressure therapy (NPT). We hypothesized that NPT modulates the intestinal microenvironment by mediating the innate immune system. Sepsis was induced in 12 anesthetized female pigs. Group 1 (n = 6) was decompressed at 12 hrs after injury (T12) and treated with standard of care (SOC), and group 2 (n = 6) with NPT for up to T48. Immunoparalysis was evident as lymphocytopenia at T24 in both groups; however, survival was improved in the NPT group versus SOC (Odds ratio = 4.0). The SOC group showed significant reduction in lymphocyte numbers compared to NPT group by T48 (p < 0.05). The capacity of peritoneal fluid to stimulate a robust reactive oxygen species response in vitro was greater for the NPT group, peaking at T24 for both M1 (p = 0.0197) and M2 macrophages (p = 0.085). Plasma elicited little if any effect which was confirmed by microarray analysis. In this septic swine model NPT appeared to modulate the intestinal microenvironment, facilitating an early robust, yet transient, host defense mediated by M1 and M2 macrophages. NPT may help overcome immunoparalysis that occurs during inflammatory response to septic injury.
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98
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Hernández-Pando R, Barrios-Payán J, Mata-Espinosa D, Marquina-Castillo B, Hernández-Ramírez D, Botasso OA, Isabel Bini E. The Role of High Mobility Group Box 1 Protein (HMGB1) in the Immunopathology of Experimental Pulmonary Tuberculosis. PLoS One 2015. [PMID: 26201072 PMCID: PMC4511675 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is the prototype of alarmin protein released by stressed or dying cells. The redox state of this protein confers different functions in the regulation of inflammation and immune response. Aim Determine the kinetics, cellular sources and function of HMGB1 in experimental tuberculosis. Methods BALB/c mice were infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain H37Rv. At different time points, HMGB1 was quantified in bronchial lavage fluid (BALF) and in lungs was determined its cellular sources by immunohistochemistry. HMGB1 was blocked with specific antibodies or recombinant HMGB1 was administered during early or late infection. Bacilli burdens, inflammation and cytokines expression were determined. Results The maximal concentration of HMGB1 in BALF was at day one of infection. Bronchial epithelium and macrophages were the most important sources. At day 7 to 21 the oxidized HMGB1 was predominant, while during late infection only the reduced form was seen. Blocking HMGB1 during early infection produced significant decrease of bacilli burdens and high production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, while the opposite was seen when HMGB1 was administered. Blocking HMGB1 activity or administrated it in high amounts during late infection worsening the disease. Conclusions HMGB1 is liberated during experimental tuberculosis and promotes or suppress the immune response and inflammation depending on the redox state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rogelio Hernández-Pando
- Experimental Pathology Section, Department of Pathology, National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition “Salvador Zubirán”, México City, 14000, México
| | - Jorge Barrios-Payán
- Experimental Pathology Section, Department of Pathology, National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition “Salvador Zubirán”, México City, 14000, México
| | - Dulce Mata-Espinosa
- Experimental Pathology Section, Department of Pathology, National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition “Salvador Zubirán”, México City, 14000, México
| | - Brenda Marquina-Castillo
- Experimental Pathology Section, Department of Pathology, National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition “Salvador Zubirán”, México City, 14000, México
| | - Diego Hernández-Ramírez
- Immunology Department, National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition “Salvador Zubirán”, México City, 14000, México
| | - Oscar Adelmo Botasso
- Institute of Experimental and Clinic Immunology, Rosario, IDICER, CONICET, School of Medical Sciences, Santa Fe 3100, Rosario, 2000, Argentina
| | - Estela Isabel Bini
- Experimental Pathology Section, Department of Pathology, National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition “Salvador Zubirán”, México City, 14000, México
- Institute of Experimental and Clinic Immunology, Rosario, IDICER, CONICET, School of Medical Sciences, Santa Fe 3100, Rosario, 2000, Argentina
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Sepsis is a state of disrupted inflammatory homeostasis that is initiated by infection. High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein acting as a late mediator of severe vascular inflammatory conditions, such as sepsis and endothelial cell protein C receptor (EPCR), is involved in vascular inflammation. Fisetin, an active compound from the family Fabaceae, was reported to have antiviral, neuroprotective, and anti-inflammatory activities. Here, we determined the anti-septic effects of fisetin on HMGB1-mediated inflammatory responses and on the shedding of EPCR in vitro and in vivo, for the first time. First, we monitored the effects of post-treatment fisetin on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-mediated release of HMGB1 and HMGB1-mediated regulation of pro-inflammatory responses in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and septic mice. Post-treatment fisetin was found to suppress LPS-mediated release of HMGB1 and HMGB1-mediated cytoskeletal rearrangements. Fisetin also inhibited HMGB1-mediated hyperpermeability and leukocyte migration in septic mice. Fisetin induced potent inhibition of phorbol-12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and CLP-induced EPCR. Fisetin also inhibited the expression and activity of tumor necrosis factor-α converting enzyme, induced by PMA in endothelial cells. In addition, fisetin inhibited the production of tumor necrosis factor-α and the activation of AKT, nuclear factor-κB, and extracellular regulated kinases 1/2 by HMGB1 in HUVECs. Fisetin also down-regulated CLP-induced release of HMGB1, production of interleukin 1β, and reduced septic mortality. Collectively, these results suggest that fisetin may be a candidate therapeutic agent for the treatment of vascular inflammatory diseases via inhibition of the HMGB1 signaling pathway.
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100
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Lee W, Ku SK, Park EJ, Na DH, Kim KM, Bae JS. Exendin-4 inhibits HMGB1-induced inflammatory responses in HUVECs and in murine polymicrobial sepsis. Inflammation 2015; 37:1876-88. [PMID: 24826914 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-014-9919-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Exendin-4 (EX4) has been reported to attenuate myocardial ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury and inflammatory and oxidative responses. Nuclear DNA-binding protein high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein acts as a late mediator of severe vascular inflammatory conditions. However, the effect of EX4 on HMGB1-induced inflammatory response has not been studied. First, we accessed this question by monitoring the effects of posttreatment EX4 on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-mediated release of HMGB1 and HMGB1-mediated regulation of proinflammatory responses in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and septic mice. Posttreatment EX4 was found to suppress LPS-mediated release of HMGB1 and inhibited HMGB1-mediated hyperpermeability and leukocyte migration in septic mice. EX4 also induced downregulation of CLP-induced release of HMGB1, production of IL-6, and mortality. Collectively, these results suggest that EX4 may be regarded as a candidate therapeutic agent for treatment of vascular inflammatory diseases via inhibition of the HMGB1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonhwa Lee
- College of Pharmacy, CMRI, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 702-701, Republic of Korea
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