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Ohbuchi A, Kono M, Kitagawa K, Takenokuchi M, Imoto S, Saigo K. Quantitative analysis of hemin-induced neutrophil extracellular trap formation and effects of hydrogen peroxide on this phenomenon. Biochem Biophys Rep 2017; 11:147-153. [PMID: 28955779 PMCID: PMC5614717 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2017.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) can perpetuate sterile inflammation; thus, it is important to clarify their pathophysiological characteristics. Free heme, derived via hemolysis, is a major contributor to organ damage, and reportedly induces neutrophil activation as well as reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and NET formation. For this study, we examined hemin (Fe3+ -protoporphyrin IX)-induced NET formation quantitatively in vitro as well as the effects of oxidative stress. NETs formed in vitro from cultured neutrophils were quantitatively detected by using nuclease treatment and Sytox Green, a nucleic acid stain. Hemin-induced NET production was found to be in a dose-dependent manner, NADPH oxidase-dependent and toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 independent. Additionally, the iron molecule in the porphyrin ring was considered essential for the formation of NETs. In the presence of low concentrations of hydrogen peroxide, low concentrations of hemin-induced NETs were enhanced, unlike those of phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)-induced NETs. Quantitative analysis of NET formation may prove to be a useful tool for investigating NET physiology, and hemin could function as a possible therapeutic target for hemolysis-related events.
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Key Words
- DPI, diphenyleneiodonium
- ELISA, Enzyme-Linked Immuno-Sorbent Assay
- Extracellular trap
- HO-1, heme oxygenase-1
- Hemin
- Hydrogen peroxide
- LPS, lipopolysaccharide
- MPO, myeloperoxidase
- NADPH oxidase, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase
- NET, neutrophil extracellular traps
- Neutrophil
- PAD4, peptidylarginine deiminases 4
- PMA, phorbol myristate acetate
- Quantitative detection
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- TAK-242 (PubChem CID: 11703255)
- TLR, toll-like receptor
- diphenylene iodonium (PubChem CID: 3101)
- hemin (PubChem CID: 121225420)
- hydrogen peroxide (PubChem CID: 784)
- phorbol myristate acetate (PubChem CID: 22833501)
- polymyxin B (PubChem CID: 4868)
- protoporphyrin IX (PubChem CID: 4971)
- sytox green (PubChem CID: 46863923)
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Ohbuchi
- Faculty of Pharmacological Sciences, Himeji Dokkyo University, 7-2-1 Kamiono, Himeji, Hyogo 670-8524, Japan
| | - Mari Kono
- Scientific Research Division, Scientific Affairs, Sysmex Corporation, 1-3-2 Murotani, Nishi-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 651-2241, Japan
| | - Kaihei Kitagawa
- Faculty of Pharmacological Sciences, Himeji Dokkyo University, 7-2-1 Kamiono, Himeji, Hyogo 670-8524, Japan
| | - Mariko Takenokuchi
- Faculty of Pharmacological Sciences, Himeji Dokkyo University, 7-2-1 Kamiono, Himeji, Hyogo 670-8524, Japan
| | - Shion Imoto
- Department of Health Science, Kobe Tokiwa University, 2-6-2 Otani-cho, Nagata-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 653-0838, Japan
| | - Katsuyasu Saigo
- Faculty of Pharmacological Sciences, Himeji Dokkyo University, 7-2-1 Kamiono, Himeji, Hyogo 670-8524, Japan
- Corresponding author.
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Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a hematologic disorder caused by a well-characterized point mutation in the β-globin gene. Abnormal polymerization of hemoglobin tetramers results in the formation of sickle red blood cells that leads to vascular occlusions, hemolytic anemia, vascular inflammation and cumulative, multiple organ damage. Ongoing activation of coagulation is another hallmark of SCD. Recent studies strongly suggested that hypercoagulation in SCD is not just a secondary event but contributes directly to the disease pathophysiology. In this article we summarize mechanisms leading to the activation of coagulation, review data indicating direct contribution of coagulation to the pathology of SCD and, we discuss the anticoagulation as a possible treatment strategy to attenuate the disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Sparkenbaugh
- University of North Carolina, School of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - R Pawlinski
- University of North Carolina, School of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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53
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Singh SV, Manhas A, Singh SP, Mishra S, Tiwari N, Kumar P, Shanker K, Srivastava K, Sashidhara KV, Pal A. A phenolic glycoside from Flacourtia indica induces heme mediated oxidative stress in Plasmodium falciparum and attenuates malaria pathogenesis in mice. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 30:1-9. [PMID: 28545664 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2017.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flacourtia indica is especially popular among the various communities of many African countries where it is being used traditionally for the treatment of malaria. In our previous report, we have identified some phenolic glycosides from the aerial parts of F. indica as promising antiplasmodial agents under in vitro conditions. PURPOSE Antimalarial bioprospection of F. indica derived phenolic glycoside in Swiss mice (in vivo) with special emphasis on its mode of action. METHODS Chloroquine sensitive strain of Plasmodium falciparum was routinely cultured and used for the in vitro studies. The in vivo antimalarial potential of phenolic glycoside was evaluated against P. berghei in Swiss mice through an array of parameters viz., hematological, biochemical, chemo-suppression and mean survival time. RESULTS 2-(6-benzoyl-β-d-glucopyranosyloxy)-7-(1α, 2α, 6α-trihydroxy-3-oxocyclohex-4-enoyl)-5-hydroxybenzyl alcohol (CPG), a phenolic glycoside isolated from the aerial parts of F. indica was found to exhibit promising antiplasmodial activity by arresting the P. falciparum growth at the trophozoite stage. Spectroscopic investigations reveal that CPG possesses a strong binding affinity with free heme moieties. In addition, these interactions lead to the inhibition of heme polymerization in malaria parasite, augmenting oxidative stress, and delaying the rapid growth of parasite. Under in-vivo condition, CPG exhibited significant antimalarial activity against P. berghei at 50 and 75mg/kg body weight through chemo-suppression of parasitemia and ameliorating the parasite induced inflammatory and oxidative (hepatic) imbalance in the experimental mice. CONCLUSION CPG was found to be a potential antimalarial constituent of F. indica with an explored mechanism of action, which also offers the editing choices for developing CPG based antimalarial chemotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiv Vardan Singh
- Molecular Bioprospection Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Ashan Manhas
- Parasitology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Suriya P Singh
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Sonali Mishra
- Analytical Chemistry Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Nimisha Tiwari
- Molecular Bioprospection Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Parmanand Kumar
- Molecular Bioprospection Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Karuna Shanker
- Analytical Chemistry Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Kumkum Srivastava
- Parasitology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Koneni V Sashidhara
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Anirban Pal
- Molecular Bioprospection Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow 226015, India.
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Bukowska-Strakova K, Ciesla M, Szade K, Nowak WN, Straka R, Szade A, Tyszka-Czochara M, Najder K, Konturek A, Siedlar M, Dulak J, Jozkowicz A. Reprint of: Heme oxygenase 1 affects granulopoiesis in mice through control of myelocyte proliferation. Immunobiology 2017; 222:846-857. [PMID: 28576353 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2017.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is stress-inducible, cytoprotective enzyme degrading heme to carbon monoxide (CO), biliverdin and Fe2+. We showed that HO-1 knock-out mice (HO-1-/-) have a twofold higher level of granulocytes than wild type (WT) mice, despite decreased concentration of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) in the blood and reduced surface expression of G-CSF receptor on the hematopoietic precursors. This suggests the effect of HO-1 on granulopoiesis. Here we aimed to determine the stage of granulopoiesis regulated by HO-1. The earliest stages of hematopoiesis were not biased toward myeloid differentiation in HO-1-/- mice. Within committed granulocytic compartment, in WT mice, HO-1 was up-regulated starting from myelocyte stage. This was concomitant with up-regulation of miR-155, which targets Bach1, the HO-1 repressor. In HO-1-/- mice granulopoiesis was accelerated between myelocyte and metamyelocyte stage. There was a higher fraction of proliferating myelocytes, with increased nuclear expression of pro-proliferative C/EBPβ (CCAAT/enhancer binding protein beta) protein, especially its active LAP (liver-enriched activator proteins) isoform. Also our mathematical model confirmed shortening the myelocyte cyclic-time and prolonged mitotic expansion in absence of HO-1. It seems that changes in C/EBPβ expression and activity in HO-1-/- myelocytes can be associated with reduced level of its direct repressor miR-155 or with decreased concentration of CO, known to reduce nuclear translocation of C/EBPs. Mature HO-1-/- granulocytes were functionally competent as determined by oxidative burst capacity. In conclusion, HO-1 influences granulopoiesis through regulation of myelocyte proliferation. It is accompanied by changes in expression of transcriptionally active C/EBPβ protein. As HO-1 expression vary in human and is up-regulated in response to chemotherapy, it can potentially influence chemotherapy-induced neutropenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Bukowska-Strakova
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty Of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland; Department of Clinical Immunology and Transplantology, Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Maciej Ciesla
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty Of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Szade
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty Of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Witold Norbert Nowak
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty Of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Robert Straka
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Metal Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, Department of Heat Engineering and Environment Protection, Poland
| | - Agata Szade
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty Of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Tyszka-Czochara
- Department of Radioligands, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Karolina Najder
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty Of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Konturek
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty Of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Maciej Siedlar
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transplantology, Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jozef Dulak
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty Of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Alicja Jozkowicz
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty Of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.
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55
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Gomperts E, Belcher JD, Otterbein LE, Coates TD, Wood J, Skolnick BE, Levy H, Vercellotti GM. The role of carbon monoxide and heme oxygenase in the prevention of sickle cell disease vaso-occlusive crises. Am J Hematol 2017; 92:569-582. [PMID: 28378932 PMCID: PMC5723421 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.24750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) is a painful, lifelong hemoglobinopathy inherited as a missense point mutation in the hemoglobin (Hb) beta-globin gene. This disease has significant impact on quality of life and mortality, thus a substantial medical need exists to reduce the vaso-occlusive crises which underlie the pathophysiology of the disease. The concept that a gaseous molecule may exert biological function has been well known for over one hundred years. Carbon monoxide (CO), although studied in SCD for over 50 years, has recently emerged as a powerful cytoprotective biological response modifier capable of regulating a host of physiologic and therapeutic processes that, at low concentrations, exerts key physiological functions in various models of tissue inflammation and injury. CO is physiologically generated by the metabolism of heme by the heme oxygenase enzymes and is measurable in blood. A substantial amount of preclinical and clinical data with CO have been generated, which provide compelling support for CO as a potential therapeutic in a number of pathological conditions. Data underlying the therapeutic mechanisms of CO, including in SCD, have been generated by a plethora of in vitro and preclinical studies including multiple SCD mouse models. These data show CO to have key signaling impacts on a host of metallo-enzymes as well as key modulating genes that in sum, result in significant anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and anti-apoptotic effects as well as vasodilation and anti-adhesion of cells to the endothelium resulting in preservation of vascular flow. CO may also have a role as an anti-polymerization HbS agent. In addition, considerable scientific data in the non-SCD literature provide evidence for a beneficial impact of CO on cerebrovascular complications, suggesting that in SCD, CO could potentially limit these highly problematic neurologic outcomes. Research is needed and hopefully forthcoming, to carefully elucidate the safety and benefits of this potential therapy across the age spectrum of patients impacted by the host of pathophysiological complications of this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Gomperts
- Hillhurst Biopharmaceuticals, Inc, 2029 Verdugo Blvd., #125, Montrose, CA, 91020, USA
| | - John D Belcher
- University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware Street SE, MMC 480, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Leo E Otterbein
- Harvard Medical School; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 3 Blackfan Circle Center for Life Sciences, #630, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Thomas D Coates
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles; University of Southern California, 4650 Sunset Boulevard MS #54 Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA
| | - John Wood
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles; University of Southern California, 4650 Sunset Boulevard MS #54 Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA
| | - Brett E Skolnick
- Hillhurst Biopharmaceuticals, Inc, 2029 Verdugo Blvd., #125, Montrose, CA, 91020, USA
| | - Howard Levy
- Hillhurst Biopharmaceuticals, Inc, 2029 Verdugo Blvd., #125, Montrose, CA, 91020, USA
| | - Gregory M Vercellotti
- University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware Street SE, MMC 480, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
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56
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Li G, Xue H, Fan Z, Bai Y. Impact of heme on specific antibody production in mice: promotive, inhibitive or null outcome is determined by its concentration. Heliyon 2017; 3:e00303. [PMID: 28560357 PMCID: PMC5435615 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2017.e00303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Free heme is an endogenous danger signal that provokes innate immunity. Active innate immunity provides a precondition of an effective adaptive immune response. However, heme catabolites, CO, biliverdin and bilirubin trigger immunosuppression. Furthermore, free heme induces expression of heme oxygenase-1 to increase production of CO, biliverdin and bilirubin. As such, free heme can play a paradoxical role in adaptive immunity. What is the outcome of the animal immune response to an antigen in the presence of free heme? This question remains to be explored. Here, we report the immunization results of rats and mice after intraperitoneal injection of formulations containing BSA and heme. When the heme concentrations were below 1 μM, between 1 μM and 5 μM and above 5 μM, production of anti-BSA IgG and IgM was unaffected, enhanced and suppressed, respectively. The results suggest that heme can influence adaptive immunity by double concentration-thresholds. If the heme concentrations are less than the first threshold, there is no effect on adaptive immunity; if the concentrations are more than the first but less than the second threshold, there is promotion effect; and if the concentrations are more than the second threshold, there is an inhibitory effect. A hypothesis is also presented here to explain the mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guofu Li
- Experimental Training Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, China, 519082
| | - Haiyan Xue
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China, 510275
| | - Zeng Fan
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China, 510275
| | - Yun Bai
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China, 510275
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Jaworski FM, Gentilini LD, Gueron G, Meiss RP, Ortiz EG, Berguer PM, Ahmed A, Navone N, Rabinovich GA, Compagno D, Laderach DJ, Vazquez ES. In Vivo Hemin Conditioning Targets the Vascular and Immunologic Compartments and Restrains Prostate Tumor Development. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 23:5135-5148. [PMID: 28512172 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-0112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 04/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Conditioning strategies constitute a relatively unexplored and exciting opportunity to shape tumor fate by targeting the tumor microenvironment. In this study, we assessed how hemin, a pharmacologic inducer of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), has an impact on prostate cancer development in an in vivo conditioning model.Experimental Design: The stroma of C57BL/6 mice was conditioned by subcutaneous administration of hemin prior to TRAMP-C1 tumor challenge. Complementary in vitro and in vivo assays were performed to evaluate hemin effect on both angiogenesis and the immune response. To gain clinical insight, we used prostate cancer patient-derived samples in our studies to assess the expression of HO-1 and other relevant genes.Results: Conditioning resulted in increased tumor latency and decreased initial growth rate. Histologic analysis of tumors grown in conditioned mice revealed impaired vascularization. Hemin-treated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) exhibited decreased tubulogenesis in vitro only in the presence of TRAMP-C1-conditioned media. Subcutaneous hemin conditioning hindered tumor-associated neovascularization in an in vivo Matrigel plug assay. In addition, hemin boosted CD8+ T-cell proliferation and degranulation in vitro and antigen-specific cytotoxicity in vivo A significant systemic increase in CD8+ T-cell frequency was observed in preconditioned tumor-bearing mice. Tumors from hemin-conditioned mice showed reduced expression of galectin-1 (Gal-1), key modulator of tumor angiogenesis and immunity, evidencing persistent remodeling of the microenvironment. We also found a subset of prostate cancer patient-derived xenografts and prostate cancer patient samples with mild HO-1 and low Gal-1 expression levels.Conclusions: These results highlight a novel function of a human-used drug as a means of boosting the antitumor response. Clin Cancer Res; 23(17); 5135-48. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe M Jaworski
- Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (FCEN), Departamento de Química Biológica (QB), Laboratorio de Inflamación y Cáncer, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (FCEN), Departamento de Química Biológica (QB), Laboratorio de Glico-Oncología Molecular y Funcional, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lucas D Gentilini
- Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (FCEN), Departamento de Química Biológica (QB), Laboratorio de Glico-Oncología Molecular y Funcional, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Geraldine Gueron
- Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (FCEN), Departamento de Química Biológica (QB), Laboratorio de Inflamación y Cáncer, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Roberto P Meiss
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Oncological Studies, National Academy of Medicine, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Emiliano G Ortiz
- Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (FCEN), Departamento de Química Biológica (QB), Laboratorio de Inflamación y Cáncer, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paula M Berguer
- Fundación Instituto Leloir (FIL) - IIBBA - CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Asif Ahmed
- Aston Medical Research Institute, Aston Medical School, University of Aston, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Nora Navone
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology and the David H. Koch Center for Applied Research of Genitourinary Cancers, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Gabriel A Rabinovich
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniel Compagno
- Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (FCEN), Departamento de Química Biológica (QB), Laboratorio de Glico-Oncología Molecular y Funcional, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Diego J Laderach
- Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (FCEN), Departamento de Química Biológica (QB), Laboratorio de Glico-Oncología Molecular y Funcional, Buenos Aires, Argentina. .,CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de Luján, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Elba S Vazquez
- Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (FCEN), Departamento de Química Biológica (QB), Laboratorio de Inflamación y Cáncer, Buenos Aires, Argentina. .,CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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58
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Jung JY, Kwak YH, Chang I, Kwon WY, Suh GJ, Choi D. Protective effect of hemopexin on systemic inflammation and acute lung injury in an endotoxemia model. J Surg Res 2017; 212:15-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2016.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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59
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Park YJ, Lee SK, Jung YS, Lee M, Lee HY, Kim SD, Park JS, Koo J, Hwang JS, Bae YS. Promotion of formyl peptide receptor 1-mediated neutrophil chemotactic migration by antimicrobial peptides isolated from the centipede Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans. BMB Rep 2017; 49:520-5. [PMID: 27502013 PMCID: PMC5227146 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2016.49.9.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effects of two antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) isolated from Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans on neutrophil activity. Stimulation of mouse neutrophils with the two AMPs elicited chemotactic migration of the cells in a pertussis toxin-sensitive manner. The two AMPs also stimulated activation of ERK and Akt, which contribute to chemotactic migration of neutrophils. We found that AMP-stimulated neutrophil chemotaxis was blocked by a formyl peptide receptor (FPR) 1 antagonist (cyclosporin H); moreover the two AMPs stimulated the chemotactic migration of FPR1-expressing RBL-2H3 cells but not of vector-expressing RBL-2H3 cells. We also found that the two AMPs stimulate neutrophil migration in vivo, and that this effect is blocked in FPR1-deficient mice. Taken together, our results suggest that the two AMPs stimulate neutrophils, leading to chemotactic migration through FPR1, and the two AMPs will be useful for the study of FPR1 signaling and neutrophil activation. [BMB Reports 2016; 49(9): 520-525]
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoo Jung Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Sung Kyun Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Young Su Jung
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Mingyu Lee
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Ha Young Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Sang Doo Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Joon Seong Park
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - JaeHyung Koo
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Korea
| | - Jae Sam Hwang
- Department of Agricultural Biology, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Yoe-Sik Bae
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419; Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Korea
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60
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Zhang Z, Song Y, Zhang Z, Li D, Zhu H, Liang R, Gu Y, Pang Y, Qi J, Wu H, Wang J. Distinct role of heme oxygenase-1 in early- and late-stage intracerebral hemorrhage in 12-month-old mice. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2017; 37:25-38. [PMID: 27317654 PMCID: PMC5363754 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x16655814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2015] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a devastating form of stroke with high morbidity and mortality. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), the key enzyme in heme degradation, is highly expressed after ICH, but its role is still unclear. In this study, we used an HO-1 inducer and inhibitor to test the role of HO-1 in different stages of ICH in vivo and in vitro. In the early stage of ICH, high HO-1 expression worsened the outcomes of mice subjected to the collagenase-induced ICH model. HO-1 increased brain edema, white matter damage, neuronal death, and neurobehavioral deficits. Furthermore, elevated HO-1 increased inflammation, oxidative stress, matrix metalloproteinase-9/2 activity, and iron deposition. In the later stage of ICH, long-term induction of HO-1 increased hematoma absorption, angiogenesis, and recovery of neurologic function. We conclude that HO-1 activation mediates early brain damage after ICH but promotes neurologic function recovery in the later stage of ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhang
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Yuejia Song
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Ze Zhang
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Danyang Li
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Rui Liang
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Yunhe Gu
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Yuxin Pang
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Jiping Qi
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China
| | - He Wu
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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61
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Forest S, Rapido F, Hod EA. Storage Lesion: Evolving Concepts and Controversies. Respir Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-41912-1_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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62
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Bukowska-Strakova K, Ciesla M, Szade K, Nowak WN, Straka R, Szade A, Tyszka-Czochara M, Najder K, Konturek A, Siedlar M, Dulak J, Jozkowicz A. Heme oxygenase 1 affects granulopoiesis in mice through control of myelocyte proliferation. Immunobiology 2016; 222:506-517. [PMID: 27817989 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2016.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is stress-inducible, cytoprotective enzyme degrading heme to carbon monoxide (CO), biliverdin and Fe2+. We showed that HO-1 knock-out mice (HO-1-/-) have a twofold higher level of granulocytes than wild type (WT) mice, despite decreased concentration of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) in the blood and reduced surface expression of G-CSF receptor on the hematopoietic precursors. This suggests the effect of HO-1 on granulopoiesis. Here we aimed to determine the stage of granulopoiesis regulated by HO-1. The earliest stages of hematopoiesis were not biased toward myeloid differentiation in HO-1-/- mice. Within committed granulocytic compartment, in WT mice, HO-1 was up-regulated starting from myelocyte stage. This was concomitant with up-regulation of miR-155, which targets Bach1, the HO-1 repressor. In HO-1-/- mice granulopoiesis was accelerated between myelocyte and metamyelocyte stage. There was a higher fraction of proliferating myelocytes, with increased nuclear expression of pro-proliferative C/EBPβ (CCAAT/enhancer binding protein beta) protein, especially its active LAP (liver-enriched activator proteins) isoform. Also our mathematical model confirmed shortening the myelocyte cyclic-time and prolonged mitotic expansion in absence of HO-1. It seems that changes in C/EBPβ expression and activity in HO-1-/- myelocytes can be associated with reduced level of its direct repressor miR-155 or with decreased concentration of CO, known to reduce nuclear translocation of C/EBPs. Mature HO-1-/- granulocytes were functionally competent as determined by oxidative burst capacity. In conclusion, HO-1 influences granulopoiesis through regulation of myelocyte proliferation. It is accompanied by changes in expression of transcriptionally active C/EBPβ protein. As HO-1 expression vary in human and is up-regulated in response to chemotherapy, it can potentially influence chemotherapy-induced neutropenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Bukowska-Strakova
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty Of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland; Department of Clinical Immunology and Transplantology, Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Maciej Ciesla
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty Of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Szade
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty Of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Witold Norbert Nowak
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty Of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Robert Straka
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Metal Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, Department of Heat Engineering and Environment Protection, Poland
| | - Agata Szade
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty Of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Tyszka-Czochara
- Department of Radioligands, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Karolina Najder
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty Of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Konturek
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty Of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Maciej Siedlar
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transplantology, Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jozef Dulak
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty Of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Alicja Jozkowicz
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty Of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.
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63
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Whelihan MF, Lim MY, Mooberry MJ, Piegore MG, Ilich A, Wogu A, Cai J, Monroe DM, Ataga KI, Mann KG, Key NS. Thrombin generation and cell-dependent hypercoagulability in sickle cell disease. J Thromb Haemost 2016; 14:1941-1952. [PMID: 27430959 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Essentials Sickle cell disease is increasingly being recognized as a chronic hypercoagulable state. Thrombin generation is elevated in the whole blood, but not the plasma of sickle cell patients. Whole blood thrombin generation inversely correlates to erythrocyte phosphatidylserine exposure. Acquired protein S deficiency is likely explained by binding of protein S to sickle red cells. Click to hear Dr Hillery discuss coagulation and vascular pathologies in mouse models of sickle cell disease. SUMMARY Introduction Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a hypercoagulable state with chronic activation of coagulation and an increased incidence of thromboembolic events. However, although plasma pre-thrombotic markers such as thrombin-anithrombin complexes and D-dimer are elevated, there is no consensus on whether global assays of thrombin generation in plasma are abnormal in patients with SCD. Based on our recent observation that normal red blood cells (RBCs) contribute to thrombin generation in whole blood, we hypothesized that the cellular components in blood (notably phosphatidylserine-expressing erythrocytes) contribute to enhanced thrombin generation in SCD. Methods Whole blood and plasma thrombin generation assays were performed on blood samples from 25 SCD patients in a non-crisis 'steady state' and 25 healthy race-matched controls. Results Whole blood thrombin generation was significantly elevated in SCD, whereas plasma thrombin generation was paradoxically reduced compared with controls. Surprisingly, whole blood and plasma thrombin generation were both negatively correlated with phosphatidylserine exposure on RBCs. Plasma thrombin generation in the presence of exogenous activated protein C or soluble thrombomodulin revealed deficiencies in the protein C/S anticoagulant pathway in SCD. These global changes were associated with significantly lower plasma protein S activity in SCD that correlated inversely with RBC phosphatidylserine exposure. Conclusion Increased RBC phosphatidylserine exposure in SCD is associated with acquired protein S deficiency. In addition, these data suggest a cellular contribution to thrombin generation in SCD (other than RBC phosphatidylserine exposure) that explains the elevated thrombin generation in whole blood.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M Y Lim
- Department of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - M G Piegore
- Department of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - A Ilich
- Department of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - A Wogu
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - J Cai
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - D M Monroe
- Department of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - K I Ataga
- Department of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - K G Mann
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - N S Key
- Department of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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64
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Mendonça R, Silveira AAA, Conran N. Red cell DAMPs and inflammation. Inflamm Res 2016; 65:665-78. [PMID: 27251171 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-016-0955-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Intravascular hemolysis, or the destruction of red blood cells in the circulation, can occur in numerous diseases, including the acquired hemolytic anemias, sickle cell disease and β-thalassemia, as well as during some transfusion reactions, preeclampsia and infections, such as those caused by malaria or Clostridium perfringens. Hemolysis results in the release of large quantities of red cell damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) into the circulation, which, if not neutralized by innate protective mechanisms, have the potential to activate multiple inflammatory pathways. One of the major red cell DAMPs, heme, is able to activate converging inflammatory pathways, such as toll-like receptor signaling, neutrophil extracellular trap formation and inflammasome formation, suggesting that this DAMP both activates and amplifies inflammation. Other potent DAMPs that may be released by the erythrocytes upon their rupture include heat shock proteins (Hsp), such as Hsp70, interleukin-33 and Adenosine 5' triphosphate. As such, hemolysis represents a major inflammatory mechanism that potentially contributes to the clinical manifestations that have been associated with the hemolytic diseases, such as pulmonary hypertension and leg ulcers, and likely plays a role in specific complications of sickle cell disease such as endothelial activation, vaso-occlusive processes and tissue injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela Mendonça
- Hematology Center, School of Medicine, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Barão Geraldo, Campinas, Sao Paulo, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Angélica A A Silveira
- Hematology Center, School of Medicine, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Barão Geraldo, Campinas, Sao Paulo, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Nicola Conran
- Hematology Center, School of Medicine, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Barão Geraldo, Campinas, Sao Paulo, 13083-970, Brazil.
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65
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Roumenina LT, Rayes J, Lacroix-Desmazes S, Dimitrov JD. Heme: Modulator of Plasma Systems in Hemolytic Diseases. Trends Mol Med 2016; 22:200-213. [PMID: 26875449 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2016.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hemolytic diseases such as sickle-cell disease, β-thalassemia, malaria, and autoimmune hemolytic anemia continue to present serious clinical hurdles. In these diseases, lysis of erythrocytes causes the release of hemoglobin and heme into plasma. Extracellular heme has strong proinflammatory potential and activates immune cells and endothelium, thus contributing to disease pathogenesis. Recent studies have revealed that heme can interfere with the function of plasma effector systems such as the coagulation and complement cascades, in addition to the activity of immunoglobulins. Any perturbation in such functions may have severe pathological consequences. In this review we analyze heme interactions with coagulation, complement, and immunoglobulins. Deciphering such interactions to better understand the complex pathogenesis of hemolytic diseases is pivotal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubka T Roumenina
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) Université Paris 06, Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé (UMRS 1138), Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006 Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMRS 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMRS 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, F75006 Paris, France.
| | - Julie Rayes
- Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Institute for Biomedical Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Sébastien Lacroix-Desmazes
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) Université Paris 06, Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé (UMRS 1138), Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006 Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMRS 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMRS 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, F75006 Paris, France
| | - Jordan D Dimitrov
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC) Université Paris 06, Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé (UMRS 1138), Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006 Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMRS 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMRS 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, F75006 Paris, France.
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66
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Li S, Takahara T, Li XK, Fujino M, Sugiyama T, Tsukada K, Liu C, Kakuta Y, Nonomura N, Ito H, Takahashi K, Nakajima M, Tanaka T, Takahara S. 5-Aminolevulinic acid combined with ferrous iron ameliorate ischemia-reperfusion injury in the mouse fatty liver model. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 470:900-6. [PMID: 26820535 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.01.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The fatty liver could increase the risk of serious acute ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury, and hepatic steatosis is indeed a major risk factor for hepatic failure after grafting a fatty liver. MATERIALS & METHODS Fatty liver models of methionine- and choline-deficient high-fat mice were subjected to I/R injury with or without 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA)/sodium ferrous citrate (SFC) treatment. Levels of hepatic enzymes, lipid peroxidation and apoptosis, inflammatory cytokines and heme oxygenase (HO)-1, and the carbon monoxide (CO) in the liver, and reactive oxygen species (ROS), inflammatory cytokines and members of the signaling pathway in isolated Kupffer were assessed. RESULTS Alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels, the number of necrotic areas, thiobarbituric acid reactive substance content, TUNEL-positive cells, infiltrated macrophages, and the inflammatory cytokine expression after I/R injury were dramatically decreased, whereas the endogenous CO concentrations and the HO-1 expression were significantly increased by 5-ALA/SFC treatment. The expression of toll-like receptors 2 and 4, NF-κB and inflammatory cytokines and ROS production in Kupffer cells were significantly decreased with 5-ALA/SFC treatment. CONCLUSION 5-ALA/SFC significantly attenuates the injury level in the fatty liver after I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaowei Li
- Division of Transplantation Immunology, National Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Advanced Technology for Transplantation, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Second Department of Surgery, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan; Clinical Medicine Research Center of Affiliated Hospital, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Terumi Takahara
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.
| | - Xiao-Kang Li
- Division of Transplantation Immunology, National Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Masayuki Fujino
- Division of Transplantation Immunology, National Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan; AIDS Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiro Sugiyama
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Tsukada
- Second Department of Surgery, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Chi Liu
- Division of Transplantation Immunology, National Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoichi Kakuta
- Department of Specific Organ Regulation (Urology), Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Norio Nonomura
- Department of Specific Organ Regulation (Urology), Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | - Shiro Takahara
- Department of Advanced Technology for Transplantation, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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67
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Soares MP, Bozza MT. Red alert: labile heme is an alarmin. Curr Opin Immunol 2015; 38:94-100. [PMID: 26741528 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2015.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Alarmins are a heterogeneous group of endogenous molecules that signal cellular damage when sensed extracellularly. Heme is an endogenous molecule that acts as a prosthetic group of hemoproteins, such as hemoglobin and myoglobin. When released from damaged red blood cells or muscle cells, oxidized hemoglobin and myoglobin release their prosthetic heme groups, respectively. This generates labile heme, which is sensed by pattern recognition receptors (PRR) expressed by innate immune cells and possibly regulatory T cells (TREG). The ensuing adaptive response, which alerts for the occurrence of red blood cell or muscle cell damage, regulates the pathologic outcome of hemolysis or rhabdomyolysis, respectively. In conclusion, we propose that labile heme is an alarmin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel P Soares
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua da Quinta Grande, 6, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal.
| | - Marcelo T Bozza
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373, Cidade Universitária, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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68
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Mosca T, Forte WCN. Comparative Efficiency and Impact on the Activity of Blood Neutrophils Isolated by Percoll, Ficoll and Spontaneous Sedimentation Methods. Immunol Invest 2015; 45:29-37. [DOI: 10.3109/08820139.2015.1085393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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69
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Hemopexin therapy reverts heme-induced proinflammatory phenotypic switching of macrophages in a mouse model of sickle cell disease. Blood 2015; 127:473-86. [PMID: 26675351 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2015-08-663245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hemolytic diseases, such as sickle cell anemia and thalassemia, are characterized by enhanced release of hemoglobin and heme into the circulation, heme-iron loading of reticulo-endothelial system macrophages, and chronic inflammation. Here we show that in addition to activating the vascular endothelium, hemoglobin and heme excess alters the macrophage phenotype in sickle cell disease. We demonstrate that exposure of cultured macrophages to hemolytic aged red blood cells, heme, or iron causes their functional phenotypic change toward a proinflammatory state. In addition, hemolysis and macrophage heme/iron accumulation in a mouse model of sickle disease trigger similar proinflammatory phenotypic alterations in hepatic macrophages. On the mechanistic level, this critically depends on reactive oxygen species production and activation of the Toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway. We further demonstrate that the heme scavenger hemopexin protects reticulo-endothelial macrophages from heme overload in heme-loaded Hx-null mice and reduces production of cytokines and reactive oxygen species. Importantly, in sickle mice, the administration of human exogenous hemopexin attenuates the inflammatory phenotype of macrophages. Taken together, our data suggest that therapeutic administration of hemopexin is beneficial to counteract heme-driven macrophage-mediated inflammation and its pathophysiologic consequences in sickle cell disease.
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70
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Wegiel B, Hauser CJ, Otterbein LE. Heme as a danger molecule in pathogen recognition. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 89:651-61. [PMID: 26456060 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Appropriate control of redox mechanisms are critical for and effective innate immune response, which employs multiple cell types, receptors and molecules that recognize danger signals when they reach the host. Recognition of pathogen-associated pattern molecules (PAMPs) is a fundamental host survival mechanism for efficient elimination of invading pathogens and resolution of the infection and inflammation. In addition to PAMPs, eukaryotic cells contain a plethora of intracellular molecules that are normally secured within the confines of the plasma membrane, but if liberated and encountered in the extracellular milieu can provoke rapid cell activation. These are known as Alarmins or Danger-Associated Molecular Patterns (DAMPs) and can be released actively by cells or passively as a result of sterile cellular injury after trauma, ischemia, or toxin-induced cell rupture. Both PAMPs and DAMPs are recognized by a series of cognate receptors that increase the generation of free radicals and activate specific signaling pathways that result in regulation of a variety of stress response, redox sensitive genes. Multiple mediators released, as cells die include, but are not limited to ATP, hydrogen peroxide, heme, formyl peptides, DNA or mitochondria provide the second signal to amplify immune responses. In this review, we will focus on how sterile and infective stimuli activate the stress response gene heme oxygenase-1 (Hmox1, HO-1), a master gene critical to an appropriate host response that is now recognized as one with enormous therapeutic potential. HO-1 gene expression is regulated in large part by redox-sensitive proteins including but not limited to nrf2. Both PAMPs and DAMPs increase the activation of nrf2 and HO-1. Heme is a powerful pro-oxidant and as such should be qualified as a DAMP. With its degradation by HO-1a molecule of carbon monoxide (CO) is generated that in turn serves as a bioactive signaling molecule. PAMPs such as bacterial endotoxin activate HO-1, and the CO that is generated diffuses into the extracellular milieu where it interacts with bacteria, altering their behavior to increase production of ATP, which then functions as a second signal danger molecule. This two-hit cycle scenario results in efficient and effective activation of host leukocytes to attack and clear bacteria in part via enhanced reactive oxygen species generation. We discuss this intimate communication that occurs between host and bacteria and how these molecules serve as critical regulators of the acute inflammatory response, the overall redox status of the cell, and survival of the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Wegiel
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Carl J Hauser
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Leo E Otterbein
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215.
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71
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Soares MP, Weiss G. The Iron age of host-microbe interactions. EMBO Rep 2015; 16:1482-500. [PMID: 26474900 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201540558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbes exert a major impact on human health and disease by either promoting or disrupting homeostasis, in the latter instance leading to the development of infectious diseases. Such disparate outcomes are driven by the ever-evolving genetic diversity of microbes and the countervailing host responses that minimize their pathogenic impact. Host defense strategies that limit microbial pathogenicity include resistance mechanisms that exert a negative impact on microbes, and disease tolerance mechanisms that sustain host homeostasis without interfering directly with microbes. While genetically distinct, these host defense strategies are functionally integrated, via mechanisms that remain incompletely defined. Here, we explore the general principles via which host adaptive responses regulating iron (Fe) metabolism impact on resistance and disease tolerance to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Günter Weiss
- Department of Internal Medicine VI, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
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72
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Evans C, Orf K, Horvath E, Levin M, De La Fuente J, Chakravorty S, Cunnington AJ. Impairment of neutrophil oxidative burst in children with sickle cell disease is associated with heme oxygenase-1. Haematologica 2015; 100:1508-16. [PMID: 26315932 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2015.128777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Sickle cell disease is a risk factor for invasive bacterial infections, and splenic dysfunction is believed to be the main underlying cause. We have previously shown that the liberation of heme in acute hemolysis can induce heme oxygenase-1 during granulopoiesis, impairing the ability of developing neutrophils to mount a bactericidal oxidative burst, and increasing susceptibility to bacterial infection. We hypothesized that this may also occur with the chronic hemolysis of sickle cell disease, potentially contributing to susceptibility to infections. We found that neutrophil oxidative burst activity was significantly lower in treatment-naïve children with sickle cell disease compared to age-, gender- and ethnicity-matched controls, whilst degranulation was similar. The defect in neutrophil oxidative burst was quantitatively related to both systemic heme oxygenase-1 activity (assessed by carboxyhemoglobin concentration) and neutrophil mobilization. A distinct population of heme oxygenase-1-expressing cells was present in the bone marrow of children with sickle cell disease, but not in healthy children, with a surface marker profile consistent with neutrophil progenitors (CD49d(Hi) CD24(Lo) CD15(Int) CD16(Int) CD11b(+/-)). Incubation of promyelocytic HL-60 cells with the heme oxygenase-1 substrate and inducer, hemin, demonstrated that heme oxygenase-1 induction during neutrophilic differentiation could reduce oxidative burst capacity. These findings indicate that impairment of neutrophil oxidative burst activity in sickle cell disease is associated with hemolysis and heme oxygenase-1 expression. Neutrophil dysfunction might contribute to risk of infection in sickle cell disease, and measurement of neutrophil oxidative burst might be used to identify patients at greatest risk of infection, who might benefit from enhanced prophylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceri Evans
- Section of Paediatrics, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Katharine Orf
- Section of Paediatrics, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Erzsebet Horvath
- Section of Paediatrics, Imperial College, London, UK Department of Immunology and Infection, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK
| | - Michael Levin
- Section of Paediatrics, Imperial College, London, UK Department of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, UK
| | - Josu De La Fuente
- Section of Paediatrics, Imperial College, London, UK Department of Paediatric Haematology, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Subarna Chakravorty
- Section of Paediatrics, Imperial College, London, UK Department of Paediatric Haematology, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Aubrey J Cunnington
- Section of Paediatrics, Imperial College, London, UK Department of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, UK
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Heme Signaling Impacts Global Gene Expression, Immunity and Dengue Virus Infectivity in Aedes aegypti. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135985. [PMID: 26275150 PMCID: PMC4537099 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood-feeding mosquitoes are exposed to high levels of heme, the product of hemoglobin degradation. Heme is a pro-oxidant that influences a variety of cellular processes. We performed a global analysis of heme-regulated Aedes aegypti (yellow fever mosquito) transcriptional changes to better understand influence on mosquito physiology at the molecular level. We observed an iron- and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-independent signaling induced by heme that comprised genes related to redox metabolism. By modulating the abundance of these transcripts, heme possibly acts as a danger signaling molecule. Furthermore, heme triggered critical changes in the expression of energy metabolism and immune response genes, altering the susceptibility towards bacteria and dengue virus. These findings seem to have implications on the adaptation of mosquitoes to hematophagy and consequently on their ability to transmit diseases. Altogether, these results may also contribute to the understanding of heme cell biology in eukaryotic cells.
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74
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Acute hemolytic vascular inflammatory processes are prevented by nitric oxide replacement or a single dose of hydroxyurea. Blood 2015; 126:711-20. [PMID: 26019278 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2014-12-616250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemolysis and consequent release of cell-free hemoglobin (CFHb) impair vascular nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability and cause oxidative and inflammatory processes. Hydroxyurea (HU), a common therapy for sickle cell disease (SCD), induces fetal Hb production and can act as an NO donor. We evaluated the acute inflammatory effects of intravenous water-induced hemolysis in C57BL/6 mice and determined the abilities of an NO donor, diethylamine NONOate (DEANO), and a single dose of HU to modulate this inflammation. Intravenous water induced acute hemolysis in C57BL/6 mice, attaining plasma Hb levels comparable to those observed in chimeric SCD mice. This hemolysis resulted in significant and rapid systemic inflammation and vascular leukocyte recruitment within 15 minutes, accompanied by NO metabolite generation. Administration of another potent NO scavenger (2-phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide) to C57BL/6 mice induced similar alterations in leukocyte recruitment, whereas hemin-induced inflammation occurred over a longer time frame. Importantly, the acute inflammatory effects of water-induced hemolysis were abolished by the simultaneous administration of DEANO or HU, without altering CFHb, in an NO pathway-mediated manner. In vitro, HU partially reversed the Hb-mediated induction of endothelial proinflammatory cytokine secretion and adhesion molecule expression. In summary, pathophysiological levels of hemolysis trigger an immediate inflammatory response, possibly mediated by vascular NO consumption. HU presents beneficial anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting rapid-onset hemolytic inflammation via an NO-dependent mechanism, independently of fetal Hb elevation. Data provide novel insights into mechanisms of hemolytic inflammation and further support perspectives for the use of HU as an acute treatment for SCD and other hemolytic disorders.
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75
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Zimring JC, Spitalnik SL. Pathobiology of Transfusion Reactions. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY-MECHANISMS OF DISEASE 2015; 10:83-110. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathol-012414-040318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James C. Zimring
- Puget Sound Blood Center Research Institute, Seattle, Washington 98102;
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Steven L. Spitalnik
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032
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76
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Abstract
Many clinical settings are associated with haemolysis, from rare conditions, such as paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria, to common interventions, such as mechanical circulatory support and blood transfusion. The toxic effects of circulating free haemoglobin, haem, and iron are becoming increasingly understood and include an increased risk of thrombotic complications. This review summarizes the epidemiological evidence for an association between haemolysis and thrombosis and explores potential underlying mechanisms. New insights into the role haem plays in inflammatory signalling and in generating neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) may provide useful strategies for managing pathological states associated with severe haemolysis. A better understanding of the toxic effects of haemolysis will result in better therapies to prevent the side effect of thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla L'Acqua
- Department of Medical-Surgical Pathophysiology and Organ Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; Columbia University Medical Center - New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
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77
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Jeney V, Balla G, Balla J. Red blood cell, hemoglobin and heme in the progression of atherosclerosis. Front Physiol 2014; 5:379. [PMID: 25324785 PMCID: PMC4183119 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 09/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
For decades plaque neovascularization was considered as an innocent feature of advanced atherosclerotic lesions, but nowadays growing evidence suggest that this process triggers plaque progression and vulnerability. Neovascularization is induced mostly by hypoxia, but the involvement of oxidative stress is also established. Because of inappropriate angiogenesis, neovessels are leaky and prone to rupture, leading to the extravasation of red blood cells (RBCs) within the plaque. RBCs, in the highly oxidative environment of the atherosclerotic lesions, tend to lyse quickly. Both RBC membrane and the released hemoglobin (Hb) possess atherogenic activities. Cholesterol content of RBC membrane contributes to lipid deposition and lipid core expansion upon intraplaque hemorrhage. Cell-free Hb is prone to oxidation, and the oxidation products possess pro-oxidant and pro-inflammatory activities. Defense and adaptation mechanisms evolved to cope with the deleterious effects of cell free Hb and heme. These rely on plasma proteins haptoglobin (Hp) and hemopexin (Hx) with the ability to scavenge and eliminate free Hb and heme form the circulation. The protective strategy is completed with the cellular heme oxygenase-1/ferritin system that becomes activated when Hp and Hx fail to control free Hb and heme-mediated stress. These protective molecules have pharmacological potential in diverse pathologies including atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktória Jeney
- Department of Medicine, University of Debrecen Debrecen, Hungary ; MTA-DE Vascular Biology, Thrombosis and Hemostasis Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences Debrecen, Hungary
| | - György Balla
- MTA-DE Vascular Biology, Thrombosis and Hemostasis Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences Debrecen, Hungary ; Department of Pediatrics, University of Debrecen Debrecen, Hungary
| | - József Balla
- Department of Medicine, University of Debrecen Debrecen, Hungary
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78
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Abstract
The increase of extracellular heme is a hallmark of hemolysis or extensive cell damage. Heme has prooxidant, cytotoxic, and inflammatory effects, playing a central role in the pathogenesis of malaria, sepsis, and sickle cell disease. However, the mechanisms by which heme is sensed by innate immune cells contributing to these diseases are not fully characterized. We found that heme, but not porphyrins without iron, activated LPS-primed macrophages promoting the processing of IL-1β dependent on nucleotide-binding domain and leucine rich repeat containing family, pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3). The activation of NLRP3 by heme required spleen tyrosine kinase, NADPH oxidase-2, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, and K(+) efflux, whereas it was independent of heme internalization, lysosomal damage, ATP release, the purinergic receptor P2X7, and cell death. Importantly, our results indicated the participation of macrophages, NLRP3 inflammasome components, and IL-1R in the lethality caused by sterile hemolysis. Thus, understanding the molecular pathways affected by heme in innate immune cells might prove useful to identify new therapeutic targets for diseases that have heme release.
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79
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Gun SY, Claser C, Tan KSW, Rénia L. Interferons and interferon regulatory factors in malaria. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:243713. [PMID: 25157202 PMCID: PMC4124246 DOI: 10.1155/2014/243713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria is one of the most serious infectious diseases in humans and responsible for approximately 500 million clinical cases and 500 thousand deaths annually. Acquired adaptive immune responses control parasite replication and infection-induced pathologies. Most infections are clinically silent which reflects on the ability of adaptive immune mechanisms to prevent the disease. However, a minority of these can become severe and life-threatening, manifesting a range of overlapping syndromes of complex origins which could be induced by uncontrolled immune responses. Major players of the innate and adaptive responses are interferons. Here, we review their roles and the signaling pathways involved in their production and protection against infection and induced immunopathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sin Yee Gun
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore 138648
- Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228
| | - Carla Claser
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore 138648
| | - Kevin Shyong Wei Tan
- Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228
| | - Laurent Rénia
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore 138648
- Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228
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80
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Kono M, Saigo K, Takagi Y, Takahashi T, Kawauchi S, Wada A, Hashimoto M, Minami Y, Imoto S, Takenokuchi M, Morikawa T, Funakoshi K. Heme-related molecules induce rapid production of neutrophil extracellular traps. Transfusion 2014; 54:2811-9. [PMID: 24865940 DOI: 10.1111/trf.12700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Revised: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary endothelial cell damages caused by neutrophil overactivation could result in acute lung injuries including transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI). We previously reported that heme-related molecules derived from hemolysis induced the production of reactive oxygen species from neutrophils. Recently, neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have been demonstrated to associate with the onset of TRALI. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS In this study, neutrophils' morphologic changes induced by the heme-related molecule hemin were confirmed to be NETs via confocal laser scanning microscopy and electron microscopy (EM). Additionally, concentrations of hemin in red blood cell (RBC) components were measured via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and possible contribution of these molecules to the onset of TRALI was discussed. RESULTS SYTOX green staining observation via confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed that neutrophil morphology changed rapidly upon addition of hemin. The nuclei began to be enlarged and become segmented after 5 minutes, and NET-like structures were released from neutrophils after 15 minutes. In EM observation, NET-like structures appeared after 10 minutes and the nucleoplasm was partially separated from the nuclear membrane, which were consistent with the features of NET formation. These structures stained positively for both myeloperoxidase and histone H3 antibodies. CONCLUSION Thus, our results suggest that hemin induced NETs in 15 minutes, a quicker reaction than NET induction by phorbol myristate acetate requiring 3 hours. Moreover, since RBC components, especially those with long-term storage, contained sufficient hemin concentration to induce NETs, special attention to hemolysis of stored RBC components is important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Kono
- Cell Analysis Center, Scientific Affairs, Sysmex Corporation, Kobe, Japan
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81
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Dutra FF, Bozza MT. Heme on innate immunity and inflammation. Front Pharmacol 2014; 5:115. [PMID: 24904418 PMCID: PMC4035012 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2014.00115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Heme is an essential molecule expressed ubiquitously all through our tissues. Heme plays major functions in cellular physiology and metabolism as the prosthetic group of diverse proteins. Once released from cells and from hemeproteins free heme causes oxidative damage and inflammation, thus acting as a prototypic damage-associated molecular pattern. In this context, free heme is a critical component of the pathological process of sterile and infectious hemolytic conditions including malaria, hemolytic anemias, ischemia-reperfusion, and hemorrhage. The plasma scavenger proteins hemopexin and albumin reduce heme toxicity and are responsible for transporting free heme to intracellular compartments where it is catabolized by heme-oxygenase enzymes. Upon hemolysis or severe cellular damage the serum capacity to scavenge heme may saturate and increase free heme to sufficient amounts to cause tissue damage in various organs. The mechanism by which heme causes reactive oxygen generation, activation of cells of the innate immune system and cell death are not fully understood. Although heme can directly promote lipid peroxidation by its iron atom, heme can also induce reactive oxygen species generation and production of inflammatory mediators through the activation of selective signaling pathways. Heme activates innate immune cells such as macrophages and neutrophils through activation of innate immune receptors. The importance of these events has been demonstrated in infectious and non-infectious diseases models. In this review, we will discuss the mechanisms behind heme-induced cytotoxicity and inflammation and the consequences of these events on different tissues and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabianno F. Dutra
- Laboratório de Inflamação e Imunidade, Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcelo T. Bozza
- Laboratório de Inflamação e Imunidade, Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro, Brazil
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82
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Heme-induced neutrophil extracellular traps contribute to the pathogenesis of sickle cell disease. Blood 2014; 123:3818-27. [PMID: 24620350 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2013-10-529982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is characterized by recurring episodes of vascular occlusion in which neutrophil activation plays a major role. The disease is associated with chronic hemolysis with elevated cell-free hemoglobin and heme. The ensuing depletion of heme scavenger proteins leads to nonspecific heme uptake and heme-catalyzed generation of reactive oxygen species. Here, we have identified a novel role for heme in the induction of neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation in SCD. NETs are decondensed chromatin decorated by granular enzymes and are released by activated neutrophils. In humanized SCD mice, we have detected NETs in the lungs and soluble NET components in plasma. The presence of NETs was associated with hypothermia and death of these mice, which could be prevented and delayed, respectively, by dismantling NETs with DNase I treatment. We have identified heme as the plasma factor that stimulates neutrophils to release NETs in vitro and in vivo. Increasing or decreasing plasma heme concentrations can induce or prevent, respectively, in vivo NET formation, indicating that heme plays a crucial role in stimulating NET release in SCD. Our results thus suggest that NETs significantly contribute to SCD pathogenesis and can serve as a therapeutic target for treating SCD.
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83
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Bindu S, Mazumder S, Dey S, Pal C, Goyal M, Alam A, Iqbal MS, Sarkar S, Azhar Siddiqui A, Banerjee C, Bandyopadhyay U. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug induces proinflammatory damage in gastric mucosa through NF-κB activation and neutrophil infiltration: anti-inflammatory role of heme oxygenase-1 against nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 65:456-467. [PMID: 23892052 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Revised: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-induced mitochondrial oxidative stress (MOS) is an important prostaglandin (PG)-independent pathway of the induction of gastric mucosal injury. However, the molecular mechanism behind MOS-mediated gastric pathology is still obscure. In various pathological conditions of tissue injury oxidative stress is often linked with inflammation. Here we report that MOS induced by indomethacin (an NSAID) induces gastric mucosal inflammation leading to proinflammatory damage. Indomethacin, time dependently stimulated the expression of proinflammatory molecules such as intercellular adhesion molecule 1(ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule 1(VCAM-1), interleukin1β (IL-1β), and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) in gastric mucosa in parallel with the increase of neutrophil infiltration and injury of gastric mucosa in rat. Western immunoblotting and confocal microscopic studies revealed that indomethacin induced nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) in gastric mucosal cells, which resulted in proinflammatory signaling. The prevention of MOS by antioxidant tryptamine-gallic acid hybrid (SEGA) inhibited indomethacin-induced expression of ICAM-1, VCAM-1, IL-1β, and MCP-1. SEGA also prevented indomethacin-induced NF-κB activation and neutrophil infiltration as documented by chromatin immunoprecipitation studies and neutrophil migration assay, respectively. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), a cytoprotective enzyme associated with tissue repair mechanisms is stimulated in response to oxidative stress. We have investigated the role of HO-1 against MOS and MOS-mediated inflammation in recovering from gastropathy. Indomethacin stimulated the expression of HO-1 and indomethacin-stimulated HO-1 expression was reduced by SEGA, an antioxidant, which could prevent MOS. Thus, the data suggested that the induction of HO-1 was a protective response against MOS developed by indomethacin. Moreover, the induction of HO-1 by cobalt protoporphyrin inhibited inflammation and chemical silencing of HO-1 by zinc protoporphyrin aggravated the inflammation by indomethacin. Thus, NSAID by promoting MOS-induced proinflammatory response damaged gastric mucosa and HO-1 protected NSAID-induced gastric mucosal damage by preventing NF-κB activation and proinflammatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samik Bindu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Somnath Mazumder
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Sumanta Dey
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Chinmay Pal
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Manish Goyal
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Athar Alam
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Mohd Shameel Iqbal
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Souvik Sarkar
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Asim Azhar Siddiqui
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Chinmoy Banerjee
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Uday Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India.
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84
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Heme triggers TLR4 signaling leading to endothelial cell activation and vaso-occlusion in murine sickle cell disease. Blood 2013; 123:377-90. [PMID: 24277079 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2013-04-495887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 490] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of sickle cell disease (SCD) is hampered by incomplete understanding of pathways linking hemolysis to vaso-occlusion. We investigated these pathways in transgenic sickle mice. Infusion of hemoglobin or heme triggered vaso-occlusion in sickle, but not normal, mice. Methemoglobin, but not heme-stabilized cyanomethemoglobin, induced vaso-occlusion, indicating heme liberation is necessary. In corroboration, hemoglobin-induced vaso-occlusion was blocked by the methemoglobin reducing agent methylene blue, haptoglobin, or the heme-binding protein hemopexin. Untreated HbSS mice, but not HbAA mice, exhibited ∼10% vaso-occlusion in steady state that was inhibited by haptoglobin or hemopexin infusion. Antibody blockade of adhesion molecules P-selectin, von Willebrand factor (VWF), E-selectin, vascular cell adhesion molecule 1, intercellular adhesion molecule 1, platelet endothelial cell (EC) adhesion molecule 1, α4β1, or αVβ3 integrin prevented vaso-occlusion. Heme rapidly (5 minutes) mobilized Weibel-Palade body (WPB) P-selectin and VWF onto EC and vessel wall surfaces and activated EC nuclear factor κB (NF-κB). This was mediated by TLR4 as TAK-242 blocked WPB degranulation, NF-κB activation, vaso-occlusion, leukocyte rolling/adhesion, and heme lethality. TLR4(-/-) mice transplanted with TLR4(+/+) sickle bone marrow exhibited no heme-induced vaso-occlusion. The TLR4 agonist lipopolysaccharide (LPS) activated ECs and triggered vaso-occlusion that was inhibited by TAK-242, linking hemolysis- and infection-induced vaso-occlusive crises to TLR4 signaling. Heme and LPS failed to activate VWF and NF-κB in TLR4(-/-) ECs. Anti-LPS immunoglobulin G blocked LPS-induced, but not heme-induced, vaso-occlusion, illustrating LPS-independent TLR4 signaling by heme. Inhibition of protein kinase C, NADPH oxidase, or antioxidant treatment blocked heme-mediated stasis, WPB degranulation, and oxidant production. We conclude that intravascular hemolysis in SCD releases heme that activates endothelial TLR4 signaling leading to WPB degranulation, NF-κB activation, and vaso-occlusion.
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85
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Adiponectin inhibits neutrophil phagocytosis of Escherichia coli by inhibition of PKB and ERK 1/2 MAPK signalling and Mac-1 activation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e69108. [PMID: 23935932 PMCID: PMC3723777 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Full length adiponectin is a potent immune modulatory adipokine, impacting upon the actions of several immune cells. Neutrophil oxidative burst has been shown to decrease in response to adiponectin, and we speculated that it could have other effects on neutrophil function. Here we report that adiponectin reduces the phagocytic ability of human neutrophils, decreasing significantly the ingestion of opsonised E. coli by these cells in whole blood (p<0.05) and as isolated neutrophils (p<0.05). We then determined the mechanisms involved. We observed that the activation of Mac-1, the receptor engaged in complement-mediated phagocytosis, was decreased by adiponectin in response to E. coli stimulation. Moreover, treatment of neutrophils with adiponectin prior to incubation with E. coli significantly inhibited signalling through the PI3K/PKB and ERK 1/2 pathways, with a parallel reduction of F-actin content. Studies with pharmacological inhibitors showed that inhibition of PI3K/PKB, but not ERK 1/2 signalling was able to prevent the activation of Mac-1. In conclusion, we propose that adiponectin negatively affects neutrophil phagocytosis, reducing the uptake of E. coli and inhibiting Mac-1 activation, the latter by blockade of the PI3K/PKB signal pathway.
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86
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Vasculotoxic and Proinflammatory Effects of Plasma Heme: Cell Signaling and Cytoprotective Responses. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 2013. [PMID: 25506596 PMCID: PMC4261193 DOI: 10.1155/2013/831596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The proinfammatory vasculotoxic effects of intravascular hemolysis are modulated by plasma hemoglobin and heme clearance via the haptoglobin/CD163 system and the hemopexin/CD91 system, respectively, and detoxification through the heme oxygenase/ferritin system. However, sudden or excessive hemolysis can overwhelm these protective systems leading to heme interacting with cells of the vasculature. Heme presents a damage-associated molecular pattern to the innate immune system. Heme is an extracellular inflammatory signaling molecule with strict binding specificity for TLR4 on monocyte/macrophages, endothelial, and other cells. The resulting TLR4 signaling cascade rapidly leads to intracellular oxidative stress and an inflammatory response. Heme also induces a cytoprotective response that includes Nrf2 responsive genes such as heme oxygenase-1, ferritin, haptoglobin, hemopexin, and other antioxidant response genes. It is the balance between the pro-inflammatory/vasculotoxic effects of plasma hemoglobin/heme and the cytoprotective responses that ultimately determines the pathophysiologic outcome in patients.
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87
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Natural history of the bruise: formation, elimination, and biological effects of oxidized hemoglobin. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2013; 2013:703571. [PMID: 23766858 PMCID: PMC3671564 DOI: 10.1155/2013/703571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Numerous disease states are associated with hemolysis or hemorrhage. Because red cells in the extravascular space tend to lyse quickly, hemoglobin (Hb) is released and is prone to autoxidation producing MetHb. Inorganic and organic peroxides may convert Hb and MetHb to higher oxidation states such as ferrylHb. FerrylHb is not a single chemical entity but is a mixture of globin- and porphyrin-centered radicals and covalently cross-linked Hb multimers. Oxidized Hb species are potent prooxidants caused mainly by heme release from oxidized Hb. Moreover, ferrylHb is a strong proinflammatory agonist that targets vascular endothelial cells. This proinflammatory effect of ferrylHb requires actin polymerization, is characterized by the upregulation of proinflammatory adhesion molecules, and is independent of heme release. Deleterious effects of native Hb are controlled by haptoglobin (Hp) that binds cell-free Hb avidly and facilitates its removal from circulation through the CD163 macrophage scavenger receptor-mediated endocytosis. Under circumstances of Hb oxidation, Hp can prevent heme release from MetHb, but unfortunately the Hp-mediated removal of Hb is severely compromised when Hb is structurally altered such as in ferrylHb allowing deleterious downstream reactions to occur even in the presence of Hp.
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88
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Sparkenbaugh E, Pawlinski R. Interplay between coagulation and vascular inflammation in sickle cell disease. Br J Haematol 2013; 162:3-14. [PMID: 23593937 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.12336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Sickle cell disease is the most common inherited haematological disorder that leads to the irreversible damage of multiple organs. Although sickling of red blood cells and vaso-occlusion are central to the pathophysiology of sickle cell disease, the importance of haemolytic anaemia and vasculopathy has been recently recognized. A hypercoagulable state is another prominent feature of sickle cell disease and is mediated by activation of both intrinsic and extrinsic coagulation pathways. Growing evidence demonstrates that coagulation may not only contribute to the thrombotic complications, but also to vascular inflammation associated with this disease. This article summarizes the role of vascular inflammation and coagulation activation, discusses potential mechanisms responsible for activation of coagulation and reviews recent data demonstrating the crosstalk between coagulation and vascular inflammation in sickle cell disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Sparkenbaugh
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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Proinflammatory responses of heme in alveolar macrophages: repercussion in lung hemorrhagic episodes. Mediators Inflamm 2013; 2013:946878. [PMID: 23690673 PMCID: PMC3652176 DOI: 10.1155/2013/946878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Revised: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical and experimental observations have supported the notion that free heme released during hemorrhagic and hemolytic episodes may have a major role in lung inflammation. With alveolar macrophages (AM) being the main line of defense in lung environments, the influence of free heme on AM activity and function was investigated. We observed that heme in a concentration range found during hemolytic episodes (3–30 μM) elicits AM to present a proinflammatory profile, stimulating reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) generation and inducing IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10 secretion. ROS production is NADPH oxidase-dependent, being inhibited by DPI and apocynin, and involves p47 subunit phosphorylation. Furthermore, heme induces NF-κB nuclear translocation, iNOS, and also HO-1 expression. Moreover, AM stimulated with free heme show enhanced phagocytic and bactericidal activities. Taken together, the data support a dual role for heme in the inflammatory response associated with lung hemorrhage, acting as a proinflammatory molecule that can either act as both an adjuvant of the innate immunity and as an amplifier of the inflammatory response, leading tissue injury. The understanding of heme effects on pulmonary inflammatory processes can lead to the development of new strategies to ameliorate tissue damage associated with hemorrhagic episodes.
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90
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Neal MD, Raval JS, Triulzi DJ, Simmons RL. Innate immune activation after transfusion of stored red blood cells. Transfus Med Rev 2013; 27:113-8. [PMID: 23434246 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmrv.2013.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2012] [Revised: 11/26/2012] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The transfusion of red blood cells (RBCs), although necessary for treatment of anemia and blood loss, has also been linked to increased morbidity and mortality. RBCs stored for longer durations and transfused in larger volumes are often cited as contributory to adverse outcomes. The potential mechanisms underlying deleterious effects of RBC transfusion are just beginning to be elucidated. In this narrative review, we explore the hypothesis that prolonged RBC storage results in elaboration of substances which may function as danger associated molecular pattern molecules that activate the innate immune system with consequences unfavorable to healthy homeostasis. The nature of these chemical mediators and the biological responses to them offers insight into the mechanisms of these pathological responses. Three major areas of activation of the innate immune apparatus by stored RBCs have been tentatively identified: RBC hemolysis, recipient neutrophil priming, and reactive oxygen species production. The possible mechanisms by which each might perturb the innate immune response are reviewed in a search for potential novel pathways through which transfusion can lead to an altered inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Neal
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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91
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Percário S, Moreira DR, Gomes BAQ, Ferreira MES, Gonçalves ACM, Laurindo PSOC, Vilhena TC, Dolabela MF, Green MD. Oxidative stress in malaria. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:16346-72. [PMID: 23208374 PMCID: PMC3546694 DOI: 10.3390/ijms131216346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2012] [Revised: 11/08/2012] [Accepted: 11/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria is a significant public health problem in more than 100 countries and causes an estimated 200 million new infections every year. Despite the significant effort to eradicate this dangerous disease, lack of complete knowledge of its physiopathology compromises the success in this enterprise. In this paper we review oxidative stress mechanisms involved in the disease and discuss the potential benefits of antioxidant supplementation as an adjuvant antimalarial strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandro Percário
- Oxidative Stress Research Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Para (LAPEO/ICB/UFPA) Av. Augusto Correa, 1, Guama, Belem, Para 66075-110, Brazil; E-Mails: (D.R.M.); (B.A.Q.G.); (M.E.S.F.); (A.C.M.G.); (P.S.O.C.L.); (T.C.V.)
| | - Danilo R. Moreira
- Oxidative Stress Research Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Para (LAPEO/ICB/UFPA) Av. Augusto Correa, 1, Guama, Belem, Para 66075-110, Brazil; E-Mails: (D.R.M.); (B.A.Q.G.); (M.E.S.F.); (A.C.M.G.); (P.S.O.C.L.); (T.C.V.)
| | - Bruno A. Q. Gomes
- Oxidative Stress Research Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Para (LAPEO/ICB/UFPA) Av. Augusto Correa, 1, Guama, Belem, Para 66075-110, Brazil; E-Mails: (D.R.M.); (B.A.Q.G.); (M.E.S.F.); (A.C.M.G.); (P.S.O.C.L.); (T.C.V.)
| | - Michelli E. S. Ferreira
- Oxidative Stress Research Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Para (LAPEO/ICB/UFPA) Av. Augusto Correa, 1, Guama, Belem, Para 66075-110, Brazil; E-Mails: (D.R.M.); (B.A.Q.G.); (M.E.S.F.); (A.C.M.G.); (P.S.O.C.L.); (T.C.V.)
| | - Ana Carolina M. Gonçalves
- Oxidative Stress Research Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Para (LAPEO/ICB/UFPA) Av. Augusto Correa, 1, Guama, Belem, Para 66075-110, Brazil; E-Mails: (D.R.M.); (B.A.Q.G.); (M.E.S.F.); (A.C.M.G.); (P.S.O.C.L.); (T.C.V.)
| | - Paula S. O. C. Laurindo
- Oxidative Stress Research Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Para (LAPEO/ICB/UFPA) Av. Augusto Correa, 1, Guama, Belem, Para 66075-110, Brazil; E-Mails: (D.R.M.); (B.A.Q.G.); (M.E.S.F.); (A.C.M.G.); (P.S.O.C.L.); (T.C.V.)
| | - Thyago C. Vilhena
- Oxidative Stress Research Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Para (LAPEO/ICB/UFPA) Av. Augusto Correa, 1, Guama, Belem, Para 66075-110, Brazil; E-Mails: (D.R.M.); (B.A.Q.G.); (M.E.S.F.); (A.C.M.G.); (P.S.O.C.L.); (T.C.V.)
| | - Maria F. Dolabela
- Pharmacy Faculty, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Para. Av. Augusto Correa, 1, Guama, Belem, Para 66075-110, Brazil; E-Mail:
| | - Michael D. Green
- US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE, mailstop G49, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; E-Mail:
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Morphological and flow-cytometric analysis of haemin-induced human neutrophil activation: implications for transfusion-related acute lung injury. BLOOD TRANSFUSION = TRASFUSIONE DEL SANGUE 2012; 11:53-60. [PMID: 22790260 DOI: 10.2450/2012.0141-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2011] [Accepted: 01/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) is associated with vascular endothelial cell injury following neutrophil activation. Recently, it has been suggested that haem-related molecules induce activation of neutrophils and that erythrocyte-derived substances contained in blood preparations are involved in TRALI. We observed the morphological effects and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production of haem-related molecules and investigated the effects of signal transduction inhibitors on haem-induced neutrophil activation. MATERIALS AND METHODS The polymorphonuclear cell fraction was isolated and stimulated using a control stimulant, PMA or fMLP, or by haem-related molecules, haemin, ferric citrate, or protoporphyrin IX. After stimulation, neutrophil was analysed using electron microscopy, a flowcytometer (FCM) and confocal laser scanning microscope to determine the fluorescent intensity of aminophenyl fluorescein (to detect ROS). RESULTS In FCM analysis, haemin and protoporphyrin IX, both of which have a porphyrin ring, induced ROS production in neutrophils. Ferric citrate, which has no porphyrin ring, did not induce neutrophil activation. Haemin alone induced ROS production at relatively high concentrations, whereas low-level fMLP acted as an agonist in the presence of low concentrations of haemin. Haem-related molecules induced ROS production in neutrophil granules through signal transduction in a way similar to PMA. However, in electron microscopy studies, haemin stimulated neutrophils showed minute process at their surface and did not show the vacuolation observable following stimulation with PMA or fMLP. DISCUSSION We suggest that low concentrations of haem-related molecules with porphyrin rings in the presence of other stimulating agent are important for ROS production and possibly the onset of TRALI. The ROS production induced by these molecules is dependent on a signal transduction pathway in a way similar to PMA.
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93
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Dey S, Bindu S, Goyal M, Pal C, Alam A, Iqbal MS, Kumar R, Sarkar S, Bandyopadhyay U. Impact of intravascular hemolysis in malaria on liver dysfunction: involvement of hepatic free heme overload, NF-κB activation, and neutrophil infiltration. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:26630-46. [PMID: 22696214 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.341255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We have investigated the impact of persistent intravascular hemolysis on liver dysfunction using the mouse malaria model. Intravascular hemolysis showed a positive correlation with liver damage along with the increased accumulation of free heme and reactive oxidants in liver. Hepatocytes overinduced heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) to catabolize free heme in building up defense against this pro-oxidant milieu. However, in a condition of persistent free heme overload in malaria, the overactivity of HO-1 resulted in continuous transient generation of free iron to favor production of reactive oxidants as evident from 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein fluorescence studies. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay documented the activation of NF-κB, which in turn up-regulated intercellular adhesion molecule 1 as evident from chromatin immunoprecipitation studies. NF-κB activation also induced vascular cell adhesion molecule 1, keratinocyte chemoattractant, and macrophage inflammatory protein 2, which favored neutrophil extravasation and adhesion in liver. The infiltration of neutrophils correlated positively with the severity of hemolysis, and neutrophil depletion significantly prevented liver damage. The data further documented the elevation of serum TNFα in infected mice, and the treatment of anti-TNFα antibodies also significantly prevented neutrophil infiltration and liver injury. Deferoxamine, which chelates iron, interacts with free heme and bears antioxidant properties that prevented oxidative stress, NF-κB activation, neutrophil infiltration, hepatocyte apoptosis, and liver damage. Furthermore, the administration of N-acetylcysteine also prevented NF-κB activation, neutrophil infiltration, hepatocyte apoptosis, and liver damage. Thus, hepatic free heme accumulation, TNFα release, oxidative stress, and NF-κB activation established a link to favor neutrophil infiltration in inducing liver damage during hemolytic conditions in malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumanta Dey
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
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94
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Lundvig DMS, Immenschuh S, Wagener FADTG. Heme oxygenase, inflammation, and fibrosis: the good, the bad, and the ugly? Front Pharmacol 2012; 3:81. [PMID: 22586396 PMCID: PMC3345581 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2012.00081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2012] [Accepted: 04/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Upon injury, prolonged inflammation and oxidative stress may cause pathological wound healing and fibrosis, leading to formation of excessive scar tissue. Fibrogenesis can occur in most organs and tissues and may ultimately lead to organ dysfunction and failure. The underlying mechanisms of pathological wound healing still remain unclear, and are considered to be multifactorial, but so far, no efficient anti-fibrotic therapies exist. Extra- and intracellular levels of free heme may be increased in a variety of pathological conditions due to release from hemoproteins. Free heme possesses pro-inflammatory and oxidative properties, and may act as a danger signal. Effects of free heme may be counteracted by heme-binding proteins or by heme degradation. Heme is degraded by heme oxygenase (HO) that exists as two isoforms: inducible HO-1 and constitutively expressed HO-2. HO generates the effector molecules biliverdin/bilirubin, carbon monoxide, and free iron/ferritin. HO deficiency in mouse and man leads to exaggerated inflammation following mild insults, and accumulating epidemiological and preclinical studies support the widely recognized notion of the cytoprotective, anti-oxidative, and anti-inflammatory effects of the activity of the HO system and its effector molecules. In this review, we address the potential effects of targeted HO-1 induction or administration of HO-effector molecules as therapeutic targets in fibrotic conditions to counteract inflammatory and oxidative insults. This is exemplified by various clinically relevant conditions, such as hypertrophic scarring, chronic inflammatory liver disease, chronic pancreatitis, and chronic graft rejection in transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ditte M S Lundvig
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre Nijmegen, Netherlands
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95
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Larsen R, Gouveia Z, Soares MP, Gozzelino R. Heme cytotoxicity and the pathogenesis of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. Front Pharmacol 2012; 3:77. [PMID: 22586395 PMCID: PMC3343703 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2012.00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2012] [Accepted: 04/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Heme, iron (Fe) protoporphyrin IX, functions as a prosthetic group in a range of hemoproteins essential to support life under aerobic conditions. The Fe contained within the prosthetic heme groups of these hemoproteins can catalyze the production of reactive oxygen species. Presumably for this reason, heme must be sequestered within those hemoproteins, thereby shielding the reactivity of its Fe-heme. However, under pathologic conditions associated with oxidative stress, some hemoproteins can release their prosthetic heme groups. While this heme is not necessarily damaging per se, it becomes highly cytotoxic in the presence of a range of inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor. This can lead to tissue damage and, as such, exacerbate the pathologic outcome of several immune-mediated inflammatory conditions. Presumably, targeting “free heme” may be used as a therapeutic intervention against these diseases.
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96
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Abstract
Diseases that cause hemolysis or myonecrosis lead to the leakage of large amounts of heme proteins. Free heme has proinflammatory and cytotoxic effects. Heme induces TLR4-dependent production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF), whereas heme cytotoxicity has been attributed to its ability to intercalate into cell membranes and cause oxidative stress. We show that heme caused early macrophage death characterized by the loss of plasma membrane integrity and morphologic features resembling necrosis. Heme-induced cell death required TNFR1 and TLR4/MyD88-dependent TNF production. Addition of TNF to Tlr4(-/-) or to Myd88(-/-) macrophages restored heme-induced cell death. The use of necrostatin-1, a selective inhibitor of receptor-interacting protein 1 (RIP1, also known as RIPK1), or cells deficient in Rip1 or Rip3 revealed a critical role for RIP proteins in heme-induced cell death. Serum, antioxidants, iron chelation, or inhibition of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) ameliorated heme-induced oxidative burst and blocked macrophage cell death. Macrophages from heme oxygenase-1 deficient mice (Hmox1(-/-)) had increased oxidative stress and were more sensitive to heme. Taken together, these results revealed that heme induces macrophage necrosis through 2 synergistic mechanisms: TLR4/Myd88-dependent expression of TNF and TLR4-independent generation of ROS.
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97
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Gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) mediates chemotaxis in neutrophils. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011; 109:547-52. [PMID: 22203955 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1110996109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil migration to inflamed sites is crucial for both the initiation of inflammation and resolution of infection, yet these cells are involved in perpetuation of different chronic inflammatory diseases. Gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) is a neuropeptide that acts through G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) involved in signal transmission in both central and peripheral nervous systems. Its receptor, gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR), is expressed by various cell types, and it is overexpressed in cancer cells. RC-3095 is a selective GRPR antagonist, recently found to have antiinflammatory properties in arthritis and sepsis models. Here we demonstrate that i.p. injection of GRP attracts neutrophils in 4 h, and attraction is blocked by RC-3095. Macrophage depletion or neutralization of TNF abrogates GRP-induced neutrophil recruitment to the peritoneum. In vitro, GRP-induced neutrophil migration was dependent on PLC-β2, PI3K, ERK, p38 and independent of Gαi protein, and neutrophil migration toward synovial fluid of arthritis patients was inhibited by treatment with RC-3095. We propose that GRPR is an alternative chemotactic receptor that may play a role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory disorders.
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98
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Cunnington AJ, de Souza JB, Walther M, Riley EM. Malaria impairs resistance to Salmonella through heme- and heme oxygenase-dependent dysfunctional granulocyte mobilization. Nat Med 2011; 18:120-7. [PMID: 22179318 PMCID: PMC3272454 DOI: 10.1038/nm.2601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2010] [Accepted: 11/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
In sub-Saharan Africa, invasive non-Typhoid Salmonella (NTS) is a common and often fatal complication of Plasmodium falciparum infection. Induction of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) mediates tolerance to the cytotoxic effects of heme during malarial hemolysis but might impair resistance to NTS by limiting production of bactericidal reactive oxygen species. We show that co-infection of mice with Plasmodium yoelii 17XNL (Py17XNL) and S. typhimurium causes acute, fatal bacteremia with increased bacterial load; features reproduced by phenylhydrazine hemolysis or hemin administration. S. typhimurium localized predominantly in granulocytes. Py17XNL, phenylhydrazine and hemin caused premature mobilization of granulocytes from bone marrow with a quantitative defect in the oxidative burst. Inhibition of HO by tin protoporphyrin abrogated the impairment of resistance to S. typhimurium by hemolysis. Thus a mechanism of tolerance to one infection, malaria, impairs resistance to another, NTS. Furthermore, HO inhibitors may be useful adjunctive therapy for NTS infection in the context of hemolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aubrey J Cunnington
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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99
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Bindu S, Pal C, Dey S, Goyal M, Alam A, Iqbal MS, Dutta S, Sarkar S, Kumar R, Maity P, Bandyopadhyay U. Translocation of heme oxygenase-1 to mitochondria is a novel cytoprotective mechanism against non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced mitochondrial oxidative stress, apoptosis, and gastric mucosal injury. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:39387-402. [PMID: 21908612 PMCID: PMC3234763 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.279893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2011] [Revised: 08/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of action of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in mitochondrial oxidative stress (MOS)-mediated apoptotic tissue injury was investigated. MOS-mediated gastric mucosal apoptosis and injury were introduced in rat by indomethacin, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Here, we report that HO-1 was not only induced but also translocated to mitochondria during gastric mucosal injury to favor repair mechanisms. Furthermore, mitochondrial translocation of HO-1 resulted in the prevention of MOS and mitochondrial pathology as evident from the restoration of the complex I-driven mitochondrial respiratory control ratio and transmembrane potential. Mitochondrial translocation of HO-1 also resulted in time-dependent inhibition of apoptosis. We searched for the plausible mechanisms responsible for HO-1 induction and mitochondrial localization. Free heme, the substrate for HO-1, was increased inside mitochondria during gastric injury, and mitochondrial entry of HO-1 decreased intramitochondrial free heme content, suggesting that a purpose of mitochondrial translocation of HO-1 is to detoxify accumulated heme. Heme may activate nuclear translocation of NF-E2-related factor 2 to induce HO-1 through reactive oxygen species generation. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation studies indicated nuclear translocation of NF-E2-related factor 2 and its binding to HO-1 promoter to induce HO-1 expression during gastric injury. Inhibition of HO-1 by zinc protoporphyrin aggravated the mucosal injury and delayed healing. Zinc protoporphyrin further reduced the respiratory control ratio and transmembrane potential and enhanced MOS and apoptosis. In contrast, induction of HO-1 by cobalt protoporphyrin reduced MOS, corrected mitochondrial dysfunctions, and prevented apoptosis and gastric injury. Thus, induction and mitochondrial localization of HO-1 are a novel cytoprotective mechanism against MOS-mediated apoptotic tissue injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samik Bindu
- From the Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Chinmay Pal
- From the Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Sumanta Dey
- From the Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Manish Goyal
- From the Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Athar Alam
- From the Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Mohd. Shameel Iqbal
- From the Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Shubham Dutta
- From the Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Souvik Sarkar
- From the Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Rahul Kumar
- From the Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Pallab Maity
- From the Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Uday Bandyopadhyay
- From the Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
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100
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Ishizuka M, Abe F, Sano Y, Takahashi K, Inoue K, Nakajima M, Kohda T, Komatsu N, Ogura SI, Tanaka T. Novel development of 5-aminolevurinic acid (ALA) in cancer diagnoses and therapy. Int Immunopharmacol 2011; 11:358-65. [PMID: 21144919 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2010.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2010] [Revised: 11/21/2010] [Accepted: 11/22/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Early detection and intervention are needed for optimal outcomes in cancer therapy. Improvements in diagnostic technology, including endoscopy, photodynamic diagnosis (PDD), and photodynamic therapy (PDT), have allowed substantial progress in the treatment of cancer. 5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is a natural, delta amino acid biosynthesized by animal and plant mitochondria. ALA is a precursor of porphyrin, heme, and bile pigments, and it is metabolized into protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) in the course of heme synthesis. PpIX preferentially accumulates in tumor cells resulting in a red fluorescence following irradiation with violet light and the formation of singlet oxygen. This reaction, utilized to diagnose and treat cancer, is termed ALA-induced PDD and PDT. In this review, the biological significance of heme metabolites, the mechanism of PpIX accumulation in tumor cells, and the therapeutic potential of ALA-induced PDT alone and combined with hyperthermia and immunotherapy are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Ishizuka
- SBI ALApromo Co, LTD Roppongi 1-6-1, Minato-ku, Tokyo 106-6019, Japan
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