51
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Saied EM, Le TLS, Hornemann T, Arenz C. Synthesis and characterization of some atypical sphingoid bases. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:4047-4057. [PMID: 29960730 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Sphingolipids are ubiquitous and abundant components of all eukaryotic and some prokaryotic organisms. Sphingolipids show a large structural variety not only between the different species, but also within an individual cell. This variety is not limited to alterations in the polar headgroups of e.g. glycosphingolipids, but also affects the lipophilic anchors comprised of different fatty acids on the one hand and different sphingoid bases on the other hand. The structural variations within different sphingoid bases e.g. in pathogens can be used to identify novel biomarkers and drug targets and the specific change in the profile of common and uncommon sphingolipids are associated with pathological conditions like diabetes or cancer. Therefore, the emerging field of sphingolipidomics is dedicated to collect data on the sphingolipidome of a cell and hence to assign changes therein to certain states of a cell or to pathological conditions. This powerful tool however is still limited by the availability of structural information about the individual lipid species as well as by the availability of appropriate internal standards for quantification. Herein we describe the synthesis of a variety of 1-deoxy-sphingoid bases. 1-DeoxySphingolipids have recently acquired significant attention due to its pathological role in the rare inherited neuropathy, HSAN1 but also as predictive biomarkers in diabetes type II. Some of the compounds synthesized and characterized herein, have been used and will be used to elucidate the correct structure of these disease-related lipids and their metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Essa M Saied
- Institute for Chemistry, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany; Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Thuy Linh-Stella Le
- Institute for Chemistry, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - T Hornemann
- University of Zurich; University Hospital of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Arenz
- Institute for Chemistry, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany.
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52
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Sphingolipidomics analysis of large clinical cohorts. Part 1: Technical notes and practical considerations. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 504:596-601. [PMID: 29654754 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.04.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Lipids comprise an exceptionally diverse class of bioactive macromolecules. While quantitatively abundant lipid species serve fundamental roles in cell structure and energy metabolism, thousands of structurally-distinct, quantitatively minor species may serve as important regulators of cellular processes. Historically, a complete understanding of the biological roles of these lipids has been limited by a lack of sensitive, discriminating analytical techniques. The class of sphingolipids alone, for example, is known to consist of over 600 different confirmed species, but is likely to include tens of thousands of metabolites with potential biological significance. Advances in mass spectrometry (MS) have improved the throughput and discrimination of lipid analysis, allowing for the determination of detailed lipid profiles in large cohorts of clinical samples. Databases emerging from these studies will provide a rich resource for the identification of novel biomarkers and for the discovery of potential drug targets, analogous to that of existing genomics databases. In this review, we will provide an overview of the field of sphingolipidomics, and will discuss some of the challenges and considerations facing the generation of robust lipidomics databases.
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53
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Poad BLJ, Maccarone AT, Yu H, Mitchell TW, Saied EM, Arenz C, Hornemann T, Bull JN, Bieske EJ, Blanksby SJ. Differential-Mobility Spectrometry of 1-Deoxysphingosine Isomers: New Insights into the Gas Phase Structures of Ionized Lipids. Anal Chem 2018; 90:5343-5351. [PMID: 29608293 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b00469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Separation and structural identification of lipids remain a major challenge for contemporary lipidomics. Regioisomeric lipids differing only in position(s) of unsaturation are often not differentiated by conventional liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry approaches leading to the incomplete, or sometimes incorrect, assignation of molecular structure. Here we describe an investigation of the gas phase separations by differential-mobility spectrometry (DMS) of a series of synthetic analogues of the recently described 1-deoxysphingosine. The dependence of the DMS behavior on the position of the carbon-carbon double bond within the ionized lipid is systematically explored and compared to trends from complementary investigations, including collision cross-sections measured by drift tube ion mobility, reaction efficiency with ozone, and molecular dynamics simulations. Consistent trends across these modes of interrogation point to the importance of direct, through-space interactions between the charge site and the carbon-carbon double bond. Differences in the geometry and energetics of this intramolecular interaction underpin DMS separations and influence reactivity trends between regioisomers. Importantly, the disruption and reformation of these intramolecular solvation interactions during DMS are proposed to be the causative factor in the observed separations of ionized lipids which are shown to have otherwise identical collision cross-sections. These findings provide key insights into the strengths and limitations of current ion-mobility technologies for lipid isomer separations and can thus guide a more systematic approach to improved analytical separations in lipidomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berwyck L J Poad
- Central Analytical Research Facility, Institute for Future Environments , Queensland University of Technology , Brisbane , Queensland 4001 , Australia
| | - Alan T Maccarone
- Mass Spectrometry User Resource and Research Facility , University of Wollongong , Wollongong , New South Wales 2522 , Australia.,School of Chemistry , University of Wollongong , Wollongong , New South Wales 2522 , Australia
| | - Haibo Yu
- School of Chemistry , University of Wollongong , Wollongong , New South Wales 2522 , Australia
| | - Todd W Mitchell
- School of Medicine , University of Wollongong , Wollongong , New South Wales 2522 , Australia
| | - Essa M Saied
- Institute for Chemistry , Humboldt Universität zu Berlin , 12489 Berlin , Germany.,Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science , Suez Canal University , 41522 Ismailia , Egypt
| | - Christoph Arenz
- Institute for Chemistry , Humboldt Universität zu Berlin , 12489 Berlin , Germany
| | - Thorsten Hornemann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry , University Hospital of Zurich , CH-8091 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - James N Bull
- School of Chemistry , University of Melbourne , Parkville , Victoria 3010 , Australia
| | - Evan J Bieske
- School of Chemistry , University of Melbourne , Parkville , Victoria 3010 , Australia
| | - Stephen J Blanksby
- Central Analytical Research Facility, Institute for Future Environments , Queensland University of Technology , Brisbane , Queensland 4001 , Australia
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54
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55
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Hannich JT, Mellal D, Feng S, Zumbuehl A, Riezman H. Structure and conserved function of iso-branched sphingoid bases from the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Chem Sci 2017; 8:3676-3686. [PMID: 30155209 PMCID: PMC6094178 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc04831e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids are bio-active metabolites that show structural diversity among eukaryotes. They are essential for growth of all eukaryotic cells but when produced in an uncontrolled manner can lead to cell death and pathologies including auto-immune reactions, cancer, diabetes and neurodegeneration. Caenorhabditis elegans is an important genetic model organism both to find new drug-targets against parasitic nematodes and to study the conserved roles of sphingolipids in animals like their essential functions in very basic cellular processes ranging from maintenance of cell polarity and mitochondrial repair to growth and survival. C. elegans produces sphingoid bases which are structurally distinct from those of other animals as both iso- and anteiso-branched species have been reported. Using metabolic labeling we show that most worm sphingoid bases are iso-branched. We have synthesized the nematode-specific C17 iso-branched sphinganine and its 1-deoxy analogue and could show that both the iso-branch and the 1-hydroxyl group are essential to form functional nematode sphingolipids which are needed to maintain intestinal function. The organism specificity was examined by complementation experiments in Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast cells lacking sphingoid base synthesis. We found that iso-branched sphingoid base did not support growth of mutant cells and was toxic to wild type yeast. 1-Deoxy sphingolipids have been linked to the hereditary disease HSAN1A and other metabolic disorders including diabetes. We found that in C. elegans the 1-deoxy analogue cannot rescue the intestinal phenotype caused by sphingoid base depletion. In fact, in wild-type animals with normal sphingoid base biosynthesis, exogenous 1-deoxy analogue had a disruptive effect on apical cytoskeletal organization of intestinal cells indicating that atypical bases can interfere with normal sphingolipid function.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Thomas Hannich
- Department of Biochemistry , University of Geneva , CH-1205 Geneva , Switzerland .
- National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) "Chemical Biology" , Switzerland
| | - Denia Mellal
- Department of Chemistry , University of Fribourg , CH-1700 Fribourg , Switzerland .
- National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) "Chemical Biology" , Switzerland
| | - Suihan Feng
- Department of Biochemistry , University of Geneva , CH-1205 Geneva , Switzerland .
- National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) "Chemical Biology" , Switzerland
| | - Andreas Zumbuehl
- Department of Chemistry , University of Fribourg , CH-1700 Fribourg , Switzerland .
- National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) "Chemical Biology" , Switzerland
| | - Howard Riezman
- Department of Biochemistry , University of Geneva , CH-1205 Geneva , Switzerland .
- National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) "Chemical Biology" , Switzerland
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56
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Merrill AH, Sullards MC. Opinion article on lipidomics: Inherent challenges of lipidomic analysis of sphingolipids. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2017; 1862:774-776. [PMID: 28161582 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2017.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 01/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A challenge for sphingolipidomic analysis is the vast number of subspecies, including a large number of isomers-a complication that was even appreciated by the original discoverer of sphingolipids J. L. W. Thudichum (The Chemistry of the Brain, p. x, 1884): "In the course of my researches many unforeseen complications arose, prominent amongst which were those caused by the occurrence of chemical principles having the same atomic or elementary composition, but differing in other chemical, or in physical properties, varieties producing the phenomenon which in chemistry is termed isomerism." Therefore, it is essential to choose the appropriate method(s) for the goal of the analysis, to know the assumptions and limitations of method(s) used, and to temper interpretation of the data accordingly. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: BBALIP_Lipidomics Opinion Articles edited by Sepp Kohlwein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfred H Merrill
- School of Biological Sciences, Chemistry and Biochemistry, and the Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0230 USA.
| | - M Cameron Sullards
- School of Biological Sciences, Chemistry and Biochemistry, and the Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0230 USA.
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57
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Perez-Matos MC, Morales-Alvarez MC, Mendivil CO. Lipids: A Suitable Therapeutic Target in Diabetic Neuropathy? J Diabetes Res 2017; 2017:6943851. [PMID: 28191471 PMCID: PMC5278202 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6943851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) encompasses multiple syndromes with a common pathogenesis. Glycemic control shows a limited correlation with DPN, arguing in favor of major involvement of other factors, one of which is alterations of lipid and lipoprotein metabolism. Consistent associations have been found between plasma triglycerides/remnant lipoproteins and the risk of DPN. Studies in cultured nerve tissue or in murine models of diabetes have unveiled mechanisms linking lipid metabolism to DPN. Deficient insulin action increases fatty acids flux to nerve cells, inducing mitochondrial dysfunction, anomalous protein kinase C signaling, and perturbations in the physicochemical properties of the plasma membrane. Oxidized low-density lipoproteins bind to cellular receptors and promote generation of reactive oxygen species, worsening mitochondrial function and altering the electrical properties of neurons. Supplementation with specific fatty acids has led to prevention or reversal of different modalities of DPN in animal models. Post hoc and secondary analyses of clinical trials have found benefits of cholesterol reducing (statins and ezetimibe), triglyceride-reducing (fibrates), or lipid antioxidant (thioctic acid) therapies over the progression and severity of DPN. However, these findings are mostly hypothesis-generating. Randomized trials are warranted in which the impact of intensive plasma lipids normalization on DPN outcomes is specifically evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - C. O. Mendivil
- School of Medicine, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
- Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Bogotá, Colombia
- *C. O. Mendivil:
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58
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Mi JN, Han Y, Xu Y, Kou J, Wang JR, Jiang ZH. New Immunosuppressive Sphingoid Base and Ceramide Analogues in Wild Cordyceps. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38641. [PMID: 27966660 PMCID: PMC5155214 DOI: 10.1038/srep38641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A comprehensive identification of sphingoid bases and ceramides in wild Cordyceps was performed by integrating a sequential chromatographic enrichment procedure and an UHPLC-ultrahigh definition-Q-TOF-MS based sphingolipidomic approach. A total of 43 sphingoid bases and 303 ceramides were identified from wild Cordyceps, including 12 new sphingoid base analogues and 159 new ceramide analogues based on high-resolution MS and MS/MS data, isotope distribution, matching with the comprehensive personal sphingolipid database, confirmation by sphingolipid standards and chromatographic retention time rule. The immunosuppressive bioassay results demonstrated that Cordyceps sphingoid base fraction exhibits more potent immunosuppressive activity than ceramide fraction, elucidating the immunosuppressive ingredients of wild Cordyceps. This study represented the most comprehensive identification of sphingoid bases and ceramides from a natural source. The findings of this study provided an insight into therapeutic application of wild Cordyceps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Ning Mi
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Yuwei Han
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Complex Prescription of TCM, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yingqiong Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Complex Prescription of TCM, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Junping Kou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Complex Prescription of TCM, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Jing-Rong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Zhi-Hong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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59
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Alecu I, Tedeschi A, Behler N, Wunderling K, Lamberz C, Lauterbach MAR, Gaebler A, Ernst D, Van Veldhoven PP, Al-Amoudi A, Latz E, Othman A, Kuerschner L, Hornemann T, Bradke F, Thiele C, Penno A. Localization of 1-deoxysphingolipids to mitochondria induces mitochondrial dysfunction. J Lipid Res 2016; 58:42-59. [PMID: 27881717 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m068676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
1-Deoxysphingolipids (deoxySLs) are atypical sphingolipids that are elevated in the plasma of patients with type 2 diabetes and hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type 1 (HSAN1). Clinically, diabetic neuropathy and HSAN1 are very similar, suggesting the involvement of deoxySLs in the pathology of both diseases. However, very little is known about the biology of these lipids and the underlying pathomechanism. We synthesized an alkyne analog of 1-deoxysphinganine (doxSA), the metabolic precursor of all deoxySLs, to trace the metabolism and localization of deoxySLs. Our results indicate that the metabolism of these lipids is restricted to only some lipid species and that they are not converted to canonical sphingolipids or fatty acids. Furthermore, exogenously added alkyne-doxSA [(2S,3R)-2-aminooctadec-17-yn-3-ol] localized to mitochondria, causing mitochondrial fragmentation and dysfunction. The induced mitochondrial toxicity was also shown for natural doxSA, but not for sphinganine, and was rescued by inhibition of ceramide synthase activity. Our findings therefore indicate that mitochondrial enrichment of an N-acylated doxSA metabolite may contribute to the neurotoxicity seen in diabetic neuropathy and HSAN1. Hence, we provide a potential explanation for the characteristic vulnerability of peripheral nerves to elevated levels of deoxySLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Alecu
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Tedeschi
- Axonal Growth and Regeneration, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany
| | - Natascha Behler
- LIMES Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Klaus Wunderling
- LIMES Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christian Lamberz
- Cyro-Electron Microscopy and Tomography, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Anne Gaebler
- LIMES Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Daniela Ernst
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Paul P Van Veldhoven
- Laboratory for Lipid Biochemistry and Protein Interactions, Campus Gasthuisberg, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ashraf Al-Amoudi
- Cyro-Electron Microscopy and Tomography, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany
| | - Eicke Latz
- Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Alaa Othman
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Lars Kuerschner
- LIMES Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Thorsten Hornemann
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Frank Bradke
- Axonal Growth and Regeneration, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christoph Thiele
- LIMES Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Anke Penno
- LIMES Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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60
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Duan J, Ishida M, Aida K, Tsuduki T, Zhang J, Manabe Y, Hirata T, Sugawara T. Dietary Cerebroside from Sea Cucumber (Stichopus japonicus): Absorption and Effects on Skin Barrier and Cecal Short-Chain Fatty Acids. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:7014-7021. [PMID: 27585906 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b02564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Sphingolipids from marine sources have attracted more attention recently because of their distinctive structures and expected functions. In this study, the content and components of cerebroside from sea cucumber Stichopus japonicus were analyzed. The absorption of cerebroside from S. japonicus was investigated with an in vivo lipid absorption assay. The result revealed that S. japonicus is a rich source of cerebroside that contained considerable amounts of odd carbon chain sphingoid bases. The cumulative recoveries of d17:1- and d19:2-containing cerebrosides were 0.31 ± 0.16 and 0.32 ± 0.10%, respectively, for 24 h after administration. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first work that shows sphingolipids from a marine source could be absorbed in vivo and incorporated into ceramides. In addition, dietary supplementation with sea cucumber cerebroside to hairless mouse improved the skin barrier function and increased short-chain fatty acids in cecal contents, which have shown beneficial effects on the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Duan
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University , Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Marina Ishida
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University , Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Aida
- Innovation Center, Nippon Flour Mills Co., Ltd. , Atsugi 243-0041, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Tsuduki
- Laboratory of Food and Biomolecular Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University , Sendai 981-8555, Japan
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Yuki Manabe
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University , Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Takashi Hirata
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University , Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
- Shijonawate Gakuen University , Daito 574-0011, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Sugawara
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University , Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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61
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Lai MKP, Chew WS, Torta F, Rao A, Harris GL, Chun J, Herr DR. Biological Effects of Naturally Occurring Sphingolipids, Uncommon Variants, and Their Analogs. Neuromolecular Med 2016; 18:396-414. [DOI: 10.1007/s12017-016-8424-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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62
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Increased Plasma Levels of Select Deoxy-ceramide and Ceramide Species are Associated with Increased Odds of Diabetic Neuropathy in Type 1 Diabetes: A Pilot Study. Neuromolecular Med 2016; 19:46-56. [PMID: 27388466 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-016-8423-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Plasma deoxy-sphingoid bases are elevated in type 2 diabetes patients and correlate with the stage of diabetic distal sensorimotor polyneuropathy; however, associations between deoxy-sphingolipids (DSL) and neuropathy in type 1 diabetes have not been examined. The primary aim of this exploratory pilot study was to assess the associations between multiple sphingolipid species including DSL and free amino acids and the presence of symptomatic neuropathy in a DCCT/EDIC type 1 diabetes subcohort. Using mass spectroscopy, plasma levels of DSL and free amino acids in DCCT/EDIC type 1 diabetes participants (n = 80), with and without symptoms of neuropathy, were investigated. Patient-determined neuropathy was based on 15-item self-administered questionnaire (Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument) developed to assess distal symmetrical peripheral neuropathy in diabetes. Patients who scored ≥4, or reported inability to sense their feet during walking or to distinguish hot from cold water while bathing were considered neuropathic. Plasma levels of ceramide, sphingomyelin, hexosyl- and lactosylceramide species, and amino acids were measured and analyzed relative to neuropathy status in the patient. Deoxy-C24-ceramide, C24- and C26-ceramide were higher in patients with neuropathy than those without neuropathy. Cysteine was higher in patients with neuropathy. No differences in other sphingolipids or amino acids were detected. The covariate-adjusted Odds Ratios of positive patient-reported neuropathy was associated with increased levels of deoxy-C24-, and deoxy-C24:1-ceramide; C22-, C24-, and C26-ceramide; and cysteine. Plasma deoxy-ceramide and ceramide species may have potential diagnostic and prognostic significance in diabetic neuropathy.
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63
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Oswald MCW, West RJH, Lloyd-Evans E, Sweeney ST. Identification of dietary alanine toxicity and trafficking dysfunction in a Drosophila model of hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type 1. Hum Mol Genet 2015; 24:6899-909. [PMID: 26395456 PMCID: PMC4654049 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddv390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type 1 (HSAN1) is characterized by a loss of distal peripheral sensory and motorneuronal function, neuropathic pain and tissue necrosis. The most common cause of HSAN1 is due to dominant mutations in serine palmitoyl-transferase subunit 1 (SPT1). SPT catalyses the condensation of serine with palmitoyl-CoA, the initial step in sphingolipid biogenesis. Identified mutations in SPT1 are known to both reduce sphingolipid synthesis and generate catalytic promiscuity, incorporating alanine or glycine into the precursor sphingolipid to generate a deoxysphingoid base (DSB). Why either loss of function in SPT1, or generation of DSBs should generate deficits in distal sensory function remains unclear. To address these questions, we generated a Drosophila model of HSAN1. Expression of dSpt1 bearing a disease-related mutation induced morphological deficits in synapse growth at the larval neuromuscular junction consistent with a dominant-negative action. Expression of mutant dSpt1 globally was found to be mildly toxic, but was completely toxic when the diet was supplemented with alanine, when DSBs were observed in abundance. Expression of mutant dSpt1 in sensory neurons generated developmental deficits in dendritic arborization with concomitant sensory deficits. A membrane trafficking defect was observed in soma of sensory neurons expressing mutant dSpt1, consistent with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to Golgi block. We found that we could rescue sensory function in neurons expressing mutant dSpt1 by co-expressing an effector of ER-Golgi function, Rab1 suggesting compromised ER function in HSAN1 affected dendritic neurons. Our Drosophila model identifies a novel strategy to explore the pathological mechanisms of HSAN1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C W Oswald
- Department of Biology and Hull-York Medical School, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK and
| | - Ryan J H West
- Department of Biology and Hull-York Medical School, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK and
| | - Emyr Lloyd-Evans
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Sean T Sweeney
- Department of Biology and Hull-York Medical School, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK and
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64
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Merrill AH, Carman GM. Introduction to Thematic Minireview Series: Novel Bioactive Sphingolipids. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:15362-15364. [PMID: 25947376 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.r115.663708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine was named by J. L. W. Thudichum for its enigmatic properties. This descriptor has applied to sphingolipids for over a century because new enigmas continue to surface. This JBC minireview series presents articles about three novel subspecies of sphingolipids, α-galactosylceramides, 4,5-dihydroceramides, and 1-deoxysphingolipids, that have important activities but, until recently, remained undetected (or at least understudied) in the shadow of very closely related compounds. They also serve as a reminder that important metabolites still lie "off the radar screen" in reports of global and comprehensive metabolomic profiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfred H Merrill
- Schools of Biology and Chemistry & Biochemistry, and the Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332; Schools of Biology and Chemistry & Biochemistry, and the Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332; Schools of Biology and Chemistry & Biochemistry, and the Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332.
| | - George M Carman
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, and New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901
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