51
|
Guillén A, Stiborova K, Ressel L, Blackwood L, Finotello R, Amores-Fuster I, Jama N, Killick D. Immunohistochemical expression and prognostic significance of MAGE-A in canine oral malignant melanoma. Res Vet Sci 2021; 137:226-234. [PMID: 34023546 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2021.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Canine oral malignant melanoma (COMM) is considered a chemo-resistant cancer with a poor long-term prognosis. The melanoma-associated antigen A (MAGE-A) genes, which belong to the cancer-testis antigen family, are expressed in several different canine cancers but not in normal somatic tissue. This study evaluates the expression of MAGE-A proteins and their prognostic role in COMM. The study was conducted in 2 parts. During the first part, biopsies from oral malignant melanomas from 43 dogs were examined and immunohistochemically assessed for expression of MAGE-A proteins. For the second part, the association between MAGE-A expression and outcome was assessed using follow-up data which was available for 20 dogs whose primary tumour had been controlled with surgery +/- radiation therapy. MAGE-A proteins were expressed in 88.4% (38/43) of oral malignant melanomas and had a predominantly cytoplasmic expression pattern. Immunopositivity was observed in more than 50% of the cells in 21 dogs (48.8%). Immunostaining intensity was classified as weak, moderate and intense in 16 (37%), 16 (37%) and 6 (14%) cases, respectively. No staining for MAGE-A was seen in 5 dogs (11%). Dogs whose COMM had weak MAGE-A staining intensity had a median survival time (MST) of 320 days while this was 129 days for dogs with moderate and intense immunostaining (p = 0.161). Dogs whose COMM had >50% of positive staining neoplastic cells had an MST of 141 days and dogs with a staining <50% had an MST of 320 days (p = 0.164). MAGE-A expression did not influence survival in our cohort.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Guillén
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Science, University of Liverpool, Neston CH64 7TE, UK.
| | - Katerina Stiborova
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Science, University of Liverpool, Neston CH64 7TE, UK
| | - Lorenzo Ressel
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy Physiology and Pathology, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Science, University of Liverpool, Neston CH64 7TE, UK
| | - Laura Blackwood
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Science, University of Liverpool, Neston CH64 7TE, UK
| | - Riccardo Finotello
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Science, University of Liverpool, Neston CH64 7TE, UK
| | - Isabel Amores-Fuster
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Science, University of Liverpool, Neston CH64 7TE, UK
| | - Nimo Jama
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - David Killick
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Science, University of Liverpool, Neston CH64 7TE, UK
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Avdonkina NA, Danilova AB, Nekhaeva TL, Prosekina EA, Emelyanova NV, Novik AV, Girdyuk DV, Gafton GI, Baldueva IA. Clinical and immunological characteristics of sarcomas patients with clonogenic tumors. Immunobiology 2021; 226:152094. [PMID: 34052775 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2021.152094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Tumorigenesis is related to the generation of heterogeneous tumor cell population, which is the result of genetic and epigenetic alterations followed by clonal selections and subsequent expansion. In basic studies genetic, histological and morphological diversity of different clones within a patient's neoplasm and specifics of their interrelation with patient's immune system are investigated mostly on the models of tumors of epithelial origin. Mesenchymal tumors such as soft tissue and bone-derived sarcomas (STBS) have been poorly studied in this regard. The molecular genetic methods used to examine intratumoral heterogeneity do not currently provide insight into which portion of the identified subclones are able to grow autonomously. Limiting dilution cloning demonstrates the existence of self-regulating tumor cells in the population and can serve as an independent prognostic predictor of poor prognosis. Intratumoral heterogeneity results not only in differences in growth dynamics, gene expression, and phenotypic markers, but also in the resistance to treatment, especially immunotherapy, thus causing tumor eluding immune escape. The changes that accompany this process can be affected by the cellular immune system, resulting in an imbalance between populations. The variations in the population composition of immune system cells are now widely debated as a predictor of response to immunotherapy, which is of obvious interest for sarcomas, where the effectiveness of chemotherapy is low and the prognosis is unfavorable, especially in case of metastatic disease development. The search for new predictive markers of disease prognosis and treatment efficacy is an important task, to which this study is focused. Our results demonstrate that clonogenic tumor characteristics such as clonogenic potential is independent predictor of unfavorable prognosis in cases of cancer and correlate with the clinical characteristics of the tumor such as overall survival (OS) and progression free survival (PFS). It was found that patients with clonogenic sarcomas had a lower content of activated cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTL) with the CD3+CD8+HLA-DR+ phenotype and an increased number of natural NK killers (p < 0.05) compared to nonclonogenic tumors. In addition, according to our data, a high neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), a low value of major T-lymphocyte populations, and a higher number of natural killer cells (NK) in the blood can be negative prognostic factors for the immunotherapy of this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N A Avdonkina
- N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Pesochny, Leningradskaya Street 68, St. Petersburg 197758, Russian Federation.
| | - A B Danilova
- N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Pesochny, Leningradskaya Street 68, St. Petersburg 197758, Russian Federation
| | - T L Nekhaeva
- N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Pesochny, Leningradskaya Street 68, St. Petersburg 197758, Russian Federation
| | - E A Prosekina
- N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Pesochny, Leningradskaya Street 68, St. Petersburg 197758, Russian Federation
| | - N V Emelyanova
- N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Pesochny, Leningradskaya Street 68, St. Petersburg 197758, Russian Federation
| | - A V Novik
- N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Pesochny, Leningradskaya Street 68, St. Petersburg 197758, Russian Federation
| | - D V Girdyuk
- N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Pesochny, Leningradskaya Street 68, St. Petersburg 197758, Russian Federation
| | - G I Gafton
- N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Pesochny, Leningradskaya Street 68, St. Petersburg 197758, Russian Federation
| | - I A Baldueva
- N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Pesochny, Leningradskaya Street 68, St. Petersburg 197758, Russian Federation
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Herrera LRM. Reverse Vaccinology Approach in Constructing a Multi-Epitope Vaccine Against Cancer-Testis Antigens Expressed in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2021; 22:1495-1506. [PMID: 34048178 PMCID: PMC8408400 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2021.22.5.1495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The 5-year survival rate of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients has not significantly improved despite advancements in the currently applied treatments. Thus, efforts are put forth in developing novel immunotherapeutic agents targeting cancer-testis antigens (CTA) in NSCLC. This work utilized reverse vaccinology approach in designing a novel multi-epitope vaccine targeting melanoma-associated antigen 3 (MAGEA3), MAGEA4, New York esophageal squamous cell carcinoma-1 (NY-ESO-1), and Kita-Kyushu lung cancer antigen 1 (KK-LC1), being the most frequently expressed CTAs in NSCLC. Methods: Epitopes were mapped from the sequences of CTAs. The population coverage (PC) of identified CD4+ and CD8+ epitopes were estimated. Candidate linear B cell (BL), CD4+, and CD8+ epitopes were adjoined in a multi-epitope construct (Mvax) with flagellin domain as an adjuvant. Antigenicity, and cross-reactivity of Mvax were examined. The tertiary structure of Mvax was modelled, and validated. All epitopes included in the vaccine were docked with their human leukocyte antigen (HLA) binders. The immunogenicity of epitopes in Mvax was validated through molecular dynamics analysis. Results: Mvax contains 22 epitopes from MAGEA3, MAGEA4, NY-ESO-1, and KK-LC1. It is classified as antigenic, non-allergen, non-toxic, and possesses physicochemical stability. Epitopes have no significant hits with other human proteins, except for 2 other CTAs frequently expressed in NSCLC. The stretch of BL epitopes in Mvax confers flexibility, and accessibility emphasizing its antigenicity. The tertiary structure analysis showed that Mvax model has good structural quality. All epitopes included in the vaccine are highly immunogenic as indicated by favorable binding affinity, low binding energy, and acceptable root-mean-square deviation (RMSD). CD4+ and CD8+ epitopes have global PC of 81.81%, and 84.15%, respectively. Conclusion: Overall, in silico evaluations show that Mvax is a potential immunotherapeutic agent against NSCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leana Rich M Herrera
- Department of Physical Sciences, College of Science, Polytechnic University of the Philippines, Manila City, Philippines
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Lezcano C, Jungbluth AA, Busam KJ. PRAME Immunohistochemistry as an Ancillary Test for the Assessment of Melanocytic Lesions. Surg Pathol Clin 2021; 14:165-175. [PMID: 34023098 DOI: 10.1016/j.path.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PRAME (PReferentially expressed Antigen in MElanoma) is a melanoma-associated antigen expressed in cutaneous and ocular melanomas and some other malignant neoplasms, while its expression in normal tissue and benign tumors is limited. Detection of PRAME protein expression by immunohistochemistry in a cohort of 400 melanocytic tumors showed diffuse nuclear immunoreactivity for PRAME in most metastatic and primary melanomas. In contrast, most nevi were negative for PRAME or showed nondiffuse immunoreactivity. The difference in the extent of immunoreactivity for PRAME in unambiguous melanocytic tumors prompted the study of PRAME as an ancillary tool for evaluating melanocytic lesions in more challenging scenarios.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Lezcano
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Achim A Jungbluth
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Klaus J Busam
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Heidbuechel JPW, Engeland CE. Oncolytic viruses encoding bispecific T cell engagers: a blueprint for emerging immunovirotherapies. J Hematol Oncol 2021; 14:63. [PMID: 33863363 PMCID: PMC8052795 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-021-01075-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bispecific T cell engagers (BiTEs) are an innovative class of immunotherapeutics that redirect T cells to tumor surface antigens. While efficacious against certain hematological malignancies, limited bioavailability and severe toxicities have so far hampered broader clinical application, especially against solid tumors. Another emerging cancer immunotherapy are oncolytic viruses (OVs) which selectively infect and replicate in malignant cells, thereby mediating tumor vaccination effects. These oncotropic viruses can serve as vectors for tumor-targeted immunomodulation and synergize with other immunotherapies. In this article, we discuss the use of OVs to overcome challenges in BiTE therapy. We review the current state of the field, covering published preclinical studies as well as ongoing clinical investigations. We systematically introduce OV-BiTE vector design and characteristics as well as evidence for immune-stimulating and anti-tumor effects. Moreover, we address additional combination regimens, including CAR T cells and immune checkpoint inhibitors, and further strategies to modulate the tumor microenvironment using OV-BiTEs. The inherent complexity of these novel therapeutics highlights the importance of translational research including correlative studies in early-phase clinical trials. More broadly, OV-BiTEs can serve as a blueprint for diverse OV-based cancer immunotherapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes P W Heidbuechel
- Research Group Mechanisms of Oncolytic Immunotherapy, Clinical Cooperation Unit Virotherapy, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christine E Engeland
- Research Group Mechanisms of Oncolytic Immunotherapy, Clinical Cooperation Unit Virotherapy, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Center for Biomedical Research and Education (ZBAF), School of Medicine, Institute of Virology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Zhang H, Sun M, Wang J, Zeng B, Cao X, Han Y, Tan S, Gao GF. Identification of NY-ESO-1 157-165 Specific Murine T Cell Receptors With Distinct Recognition Pattern for Tumor Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2021; 12:644520. [PMID: 33833762 PMCID: PMC8021954 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.644520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
New York esophageal squamous cell carcinoma 1 (NY-ESO-1) is a promising target for T-cell receptor-engineered T cell (TCR-T) therapy, and targeting the human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A2 restricted NY-ESO-1157-165 epitope has yielded remarkable clinical benefits in the treatment of multiple advanced malignancies. Herein, we report the identification of two NY-ESO-1157-165 epitope-specific murine TCRs obtained from HLA-A*0201 transgenic mice. NY-ESO-1157-165 specific TCRs were isolated after vaccinating HLA-A2 transgenic mice with epitope peptides. HZ6 and HZ8 TCRs could specifically bind to NY-ESO-1157-165/HLA-A2 and were capable of cytokine secretion with engineered Jurkat T cells and primary T cells upon recognition with K562 target cells expressing the single-chain trimer (SCT) of NY-ESO-1157-165/HLA-A2. The reactivity profiles of the HZ6 and HZ8 TCRs were found to be distinct from one another when co-cultured with K562 target cells carrying alanine-substituted NY-ESO-1157-165 SCTs. The binding characterization revealed that the recognition pattern of the HZ6 TCR to NY-ESO-1157-165/HLA-A2 was substantially different from the widely used 1G4 TCR. These findings would broaden the understanding of immunogenicity of the NY-ESO-1157-165, and the two identified TCRs may serve as promising candidates for the future development of TCR-T therapy for tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helin Zhang
- Research Network of Immunity and Health (RNIH), Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Sun
- Research Network of Immunity and Health (RNIH), Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Bin Zeng
- College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, China.,College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaoqing Cao
- Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Han
- Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuguang Tan
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - George F Gao
- Research Network of Immunity and Health (RNIH), Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Si Y, Yue J, Liu Z, Li M, Du F, Wang X, Dai Z, Hu N, Ju J, Gao S, Wang X, Yuan P. Phase-Transformation Nanoparticle-Mediated Sonodynamic Therapy: An Effective Modality to Enhance Anti-Tumor Immune Response by Inducing Immunogenic Cell Death in Breast Cancer. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:1913-1926. [PMID: 33707946 PMCID: PMC7943766 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s297933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Immunologically quiescent of breast cancer cells has been recognized as the key impediment for the breast cancer immunotherapy. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of nanoparticle-mediated sonodynamic therapy (SDT) in promoting anti-tumor immune of breast cancer cells and its potential immune mechanisms. Materials and Methods The phase-transformation nanoparticles (LIP-PFH nanoparticles) were in-house prepared and its physiochemical characters were detected. The CCK-8 assay, apoptosis analysis and Balb/c tumor model establishment were used to explore the anti-tumor effect of LIP-PFH nanoparticles triggered by low-intensity focused ultrasound (LIFU) both in vitro and in vivo. Flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry of CD4+T, CD8+T, CD8+PD-1+T in blood, spleen and tumor tissue were performed to represent the change of immune response. Detection of immunogenic cell death (ICD) markers was examined to study the potential mechanisms. Results LIP-PFH nanoparticles triggered by LIFU could inhibit the proliferation and promote the apoptosis of 4T1 cells both in vitro and in vivo. CD4+T and CD8+T cell subsets were significantly increased in blood, spleen and tumor tissue, meanwhile CD8+PD-1+T cells were reduced, indicating enhancement of anti-tumor immune response of breast cancer cells in the nanoparticle-mediated SDT group. Detection of ICD markers (ATP, high-mobility group box B1, and calreticulin) and flow cytometric analysis of dendritic cell (DC) maturity further showed that the nanoparticle-mediated SDT can promote DC maturation to increase the proportion of cytotoxic T cells by inducing ICD of breast cancer cells. Conclusion The therapy of nanoparticles-mediated SDT can effectively enhance anti-tumor immune response of breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Si
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Yue
- Department of VIP Medical Services, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, People's Republic of China
| | - Mo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Du
- China Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), The VIPII Gastrointestinal Cancer Division of Medical Department, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, 100142, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Wang
- Department of VIP Medical Services, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong Dai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Huanxing Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100005, People's Republic of China
| | - Nanlin Hu
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Ju
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, People's Republic of China
| | - Songlin Gao
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Yuan
- Department of VIP Medical Services, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Aaes TL, Vandenabeele P. The intrinsic immunogenic properties of cancer cell lines, immunogenic cell death, and how these influence host antitumor immune responses. Cell Death Differ 2021; 28:843-860. [PMID: 33214663 PMCID: PMC7937679 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-020-00658-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Modern cancer therapies often involve the combination of tumor-directed cytotoxic strategies and generation of a host antitumor immune response. The latter is unleashed by immunotherapies that activate the immune system generating a more immunostimulatory tumor microenvironment and a stronger tumor antigen-specific immune response. Studying the interaction between antitumor cytotoxic therapies, dying cancer cells, and the innate and adaptive immune system requires appropriate experimental tumor models in mice. In this review, we discuss the immunostimulatory and immunosuppressive properties of cancer cell lines commonly used in immunogenic cell death (ICD) studies being apoptosis or necroptosis. We will especially focus on the antigenic component of immunogenicity. While in several cancer cell lines the epitopes of endogenously expressed tumor antigens are known, these intrinsic epitopes are rarely determined in experimental apoptotic or necroptotic ICD settings. Instead by far the most ICD research studies investigate the antigenic response against exogenously expressed model antigens such as ovalbumin or retroviral epitopes (e.g., AH1). In this review, we will argue that the immune response against endogenous tumor antigens and the immunopeptidome profile of cancer cell lines affect the eventual biological readouts in the typical prophylactic tumor vaccination type of experiments used in ICD research, and we will propose additional methods involving immunopeptidome profiling, major histocompatibility complex molecule expression, and identification of tumor-infiltrating immune cells to document intrinsic immunogenicity following different cell death modalities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tania Løve Aaes
- grid.11486.3a0000000104788040Unit for Cell Clearance in Health and Disease, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium ,grid.5342.00000 0001 2069 7798Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium ,Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Peter Vandenabeele
- grid.5342.00000 0001 2069 7798Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium ,Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium ,grid.11486.3a0000000104788040Unit of Molecular Signaling and Cell Death, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Lohman ME, Steen AJ, Grekin RC, North JP. The utility of PRAME staining in identifying malignant transformation of melanocytic nevi. J Cutan Pathol 2021; 48:856-862. [PMID: 33433032 DOI: 10.1111/cup.13958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND PReferentially expressed Antigen in MElanoma (PRAME) immunohistochemical (IHC) staining is used to aid melanoma diagnosis. PRAME expression in nevus-associated melanoma (NAM) has not been evaluated. METHODS PRAME IHC was applied to cases of NAM; staining for each population of melanocytes (benign and malignant) was graded based on the percentage of labeled cells. No labeling was graded 0, 1% to 25% labeling was 1+, 26% to 50% was 2+, 51% to 75% was 3+, and >76% was 4+. RESULTS Thirty-six cases were reviewed. Sixty-seven percent (24/36) of melanomas were PRAME positive (4+) while no (0/36) nevi showed 4+ positivity. Eighty-one percent (29/36) of nevi were completely PRAME negative compared to 17% (6/36) of melanomas. In 67% of cases (24/36) PRAME differentiated between benign and malignant melanocyte populations. CONCLUSIONS We identified a high rate (67%) of differential PRAME staining in adjacent benign and malignant melanocyte populations in NAM. In PRAME positive (4+) melanomas, PRAME differentiates 100% (24/24) of benign and malignant melanocyte populations. When 4+ staining is used as the threshold for positivity, PRAME staining has a sensitivity of 67% (24/36) and a specificity of 100% (36/36). These results support PRAME IHC can assist in distinguishing melanocyte populations in melanoma arising within nevi.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mary E Lohman
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Aaron J Steen
- Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Roy C Grekin
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jeffrey P North
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Aoki T, Savage KJ, Steidl C. Biology in Practice: Harnessing the Curative Potential of the Immune System in Lymphoid Cancers. J Clin Oncol 2021; 39:346-360. [PMID: 33434057 DOI: 10.1200/jco.20.01761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Aoki
- Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, British Columbia Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kerry J Savage
- Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, British Columbia Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Medical Oncology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Christian Steidl
- Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, British Columbia Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Chen SY, Chen S, Feng W, Li Z, Luo Y, Zhu X. A STING-related prognostic score predicts high-risk patients of colorectal cancer and provides insights into immunotherapy. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:14. [PMID: 33553307 PMCID: PMC7859804 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-2430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Targeted therapeutic strategies for advanced colorectal cancer (CRC) have been limited. STING is crucial to the antitumor immunotherapy, for it stimulates IFN signaling to mediate the crosstalk between innate and adaptive immune responses. Emerging evidence suggests that STING also contributes to the prognosis of CRC. However, prognostic models relating to STING have not yet been explored. Methods A total of 431 CRC samples from the TCGA database were analyzed to explore the prognostic value of STING-related genes. We trained prognostic models using the multivariate Cox regression. A STING-related prognostic score (SPS) was calculated as the gene expression multiplied by the corresponding coefficients of the final model. A backward stepAIC strategy was adopted to select the optimal model. A nomogram was used to personalize medical decisions for CRC. Results The expression level of STING was upregulated in the CMS1 subtype (P=0.036). Among STING-related genes, DHX9 (HR =0.72, P=0.01), IRF2 (HR =1.34, P=0.022), and POLR1D (HR =1.23, P=0.038) showed significant prognostic value. The SPS was proven to be an independent risk factor (training: HR =2.9, P=0.00013; validation: HR =3.02, P=0.01), and outperformed random classifiers in identifying high-risk CRC. The high SPS group was characterized by less genomic aberrations, upregulated IL6-JAK-STAT3 and IL2-STAT5 signaling pathways, increased expression of TIM-3, increased infiltration of regulatory T (Treg) cells and T helper 17 (Th17) cells, and decreased infiltration of M0 macrophages. Finally, the nomogram based on the SPS and clinical factors showed good performance in CRC. Conclusions SPS is an independent risk factor that could identify high-risk CRC. While ICBs may benefit patients of the CMS1 subtype, for the CMS2, CMS3, and CMS4 subtypes in the high SPS group, STING agonists and immunotherapies targeting the Th17 axis may be beneficial. Finally, the SPS-based nomogram could help advance personalized medical decisions for CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Si-Yuan Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Siyu Chen
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Breast Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wanjing Feng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziteng Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yixiao Luo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Rohozinski J, Edwards CL. Does EIF2S3 Retrogene Activation Regulate Cancer/Testis Antigen Expression in Human Cancers? Front Oncol 2020; 10:590408. [PMID: 33330072 PMCID: PMC7734959 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.590408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer/Testis (C/T) antigens are a group of antigens, expressed in almost all types of cancers, which can elicit an immune response in patients whose cancers express these antigens. They are currently of great interest as targets for the development of cancer biomarkers and the creation of immunotherapies that directly target tumors in patients. Currently there are 280 C/T antigens and their variants listed on the C/T antigen data base. All known C/T antigens are encoded for by genes which are normally only expressed in the male testis; specifically during the process of spermatogenesis. They are therefore only expressed in germ cells that are in the process of differentiating into sperm. Expression of C/T antigens in tumors is thus a biological anomaly as, with the exception of germ cell tumors, cancers arise from somatic tissues which are not known to express any of the genes specifically involved in spermatogenesis. How and why C/T antigens are expressed in tumors remains an enigma. In this paper we present a hypothesis which proposes a mechanism for the activation of C/T antigen encoding genes in tumors. We propose that aberrant activation of the human autosomal retrogene, EIF2S3B, which regulates initiation and maintenance of spermatogenesis in males, is responsible for C/T expression. Because both male and females have tumors that express C/T antigens activation of spermatogenesis genes in tumors must involve a non-sex specific pathway. This can be explained by the copy number of EIF2S3 genes uniquely present within the human genome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Rohozinski
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.,Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Creighton L Edwards
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.,Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Shuvalov O, Kizenko A, Petukhov A, Fedorova O, Daks A, Bottrill A, Snezhkina AV, Kudryavtseva AV, Barlev N. SEMG1/2 augment energy metabolism of tumor cells. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:1047. [PMID: 33311447 PMCID: PMC7733513 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03251-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
SEMG1 and SEMG2 genes belong to the family of cancer-testis antigens (CTAs), whose expression normally is restricted to male germ cells but is often restored in various malignancies. High levels of SEMG1 and SEMG2 expression are detected in prostate, renal, and lung cancer as well as hemoblastosis. However, the functional importance of both SEMGs proteins in human neoplasms is still largely unknown. In this study, by using a combination of the bioinformatics and various cellular and molecular assays, we have demonstrated that SEMG1 and SEMG2 are frequently expressed in lung cancer clinical samples and cancer cell lines of different origins and are negatively associated with the survival rate of cancer patients. Using the pull-down assay followed by LC-MS/MS mass-spectrometry, we have identified 119 proteins associated with SEMG1 and SEMG2. Among the SEMGs interacting proteins we noticed two critical glycolytic enzymes-pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) and lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA). Importantly, we showed that SEMGs increased the protein level and activity of both PKM2 and LDHA. Further, both SEMGs increased the membrane mitochondrial potential (MMP), glycolysis, respiration, and ROS production in several cancer cell lines. Taken together, these data provide first evidence that SEMGs can up-regulate the energy metabolism of cancer cells, exemplifying their oncogenic features.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alexey Petukhov
- Institute of Cytology RAS, St-Petersburg, Russia
- Almazov National Medical Research Center, St-Petersburg, Russia
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Nikolai Barlev
- Institute of Cytology RAS, St-Petersburg, Russia.
- MIPT, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Moscow, Russia, 141701.
- IBMC Orekhovicha, Moscow, Russia, 119435.
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
Ruan H, Zhou Y, Shen J, Zhai Y, Xu Y, Pi L, Huang R, Chen K, Li X, Ma W, Wu Z, Deng X, Wang X, Zhang C, Guan M. Circulating tumor cell characterization of lung cancer brain metastases in the cerebrospinal fluid through single-cell transcriptome analysis. Clin Transl Med 2020; 10:e246. [PMID: 33377642 PMCID: PMC7737787 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain metastases explain the majority of mortality associated with lung cancer, which is the leading cause of cancer death. Cytology analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) remains the diagnostic gold standard, however, the circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in CSF (CSF-CTCs) are not well defined at the molecular and transcriptome levels. METHODS We established an effective CSF-CTCs collection procedure and isolated individual CSF cells from five lung adenocarcinoma leptomeningeal metastases (LUAD-LM) patients and three controls. Three thousand seven hundred ninety-two single-cell transcriptomes were sequenced, and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) gene expression analysis was used to perform a comprehensive characterization of CSF cells. RESULTS Through clustering and expression analysis, we defined CSF-CTCs at the transcriptome level based on epithelial markers, proliferation markers, and genes with lung origin. The metastatic-CTC signature genes are enriched for metabolic pathway and cell adhesion molecule categories, which are crucial for the survival and metastases of tumor cells. We discovered substantial heterogeneity in patient CSF-CTCs. We quantified the degree of heterogeneity and found significantly greater among-patient heterogeneity compared to among-cell heterogeneity within a patient. This observation could be explained by spatial heterogeneity of metastatic sites, cell-cycle gene, and cancer-testis antigen (CTA) expression profiles as well as the proportion of CTCs displaying mesenchymal and cancer stem cell properties. In addition, our CSF-CTCs transcriptome profiling allowed us to determine the biomarkers during the progression of an LM patient with cancer of unknown primary site (CUP). CONCLUSIONS Our results will provide candidate genes for an RNA-based digital detection of CSF-CTCs from LUAD-LM and CUP-LM cases, and shed light on the therapy and mechanism of LUAD-LM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haoyu Ruan
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryHuashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yihang Zhou
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy and Institute for Regenerative MedicineShanghai East HospitalShanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease ResearchSchool of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
- Department of PathobiologyAuburn UniversityAuburnAlabama
| | - Jie Shen
- 10K Genomics Technology Co., Ltd.ShanghaiChina
| | - Yue Zhai
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy and Institute for Regenerative MedicineShanghai East HospitalShanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease ResearchSchool of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Ying Xu
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy and Institute for Regenerative MedicineShanghai East HospitalShanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease ResearchSchool of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Linyu Pi
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy and Institute for Regenerative MedicineShanghai East HospitalShanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease ResearchSchool of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Ruofan Huang
- Department of OncologyHuashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Kun Chen
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryHuashan Hospital NorthFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xiangyu Li
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryHuashan Hospital NorthFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Weizhe Ma
- Central LaboratoryHuashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Zhiyuan Wu
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryHuashan Hospital NorthFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xuan Deng
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryHuashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of PathobiologyAuburn UniversityAuburnAlabama
- HudsonAlpha Institute for BiotechnologyHuntsvilleAlabama
- Alabama Agricultural Experiment StationAuburn UniversityAuburnAlabama
| | - Chao Zhang
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy and Institute for Regenerative MedicineShanghai East HospitalShanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease ResearchSchool of Life Sciences and TechnologyTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Ming Guan
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryHuashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| |
Collapse
|
65
|
Feng M, Zhao Z, Yang M, Ji J, Zhu D. T-cell-based immunotherapy in colorectal cancer. Cancer Lett 2020; 498:201-209. [PMID: 33129958 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. CRC therapeutic strategies include surgical resection, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and other approaches. However, patients with metastatic CRC have worse prognoses. In recent years, T-cell-based immunotherapy has elicited promising responses in B-cell malignancies, melanoma, and lung cancer, but most CRC patients are resistant to immunotherapy, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy. Immune checkpoint inhibitors have shown encouraging results in non-small cell lung cancer, melanoma, and other cancers, but immune checkpoint blockade is only effective for CRC subset with microsatellite instability. Other immunotherapies, such as cytokines, cancer vaccines, small molecules, oncolytic viruses, and chimeric antigen-receptor therapy, are currently in use against CRC. This review analyzes recent developments in immunotherapy for CRC treatment as well as the challenges in overcoming resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mei Feng
- Minhang Hospital and Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Zhongwei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, Affiliated Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, Lishui, 323000, China
| | - Mengxuan Yang
- Minhang Hospital and Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jiansong Ji
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, Affiliated Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, Lishui, 323000, China.
| | - Di Zhu
- Minhang Hospital and Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China; Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of ImmunoTherapeutics, Fudan University, 201203, China.
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
Rittenhouse-Olson K. Letter from the Editor 2020: Annual Summary and Introduction of the Thematic Issue and Guest Editor. Immunol Invest 2020; 49:687-691. [PMID: 33043771 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2020.1810392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
67
|
Cui Z, Li Y, Gao Y, Kong L, Lin Y, Chen Y. Cancer-testis antigen lactate dehydrogenase C4 in hepatocellular carcinoma: a promising biomarker for early diagnosis, efficacy evaluation and prognosis prediction. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:19455-19467. [PMID: 33035196 PMCID: PMC7732326 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Expressions and clinical implications of cancer-testis antigen (CTA) lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)-C4 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have not been fully elucidated. Herein, expressions of LDHC mRNA in the serum and serum-derived exosomes of early-stage HCC patients were determined using qRT-PCR, and the expression of LDH-C4 protein in HCC tissues was detected using high-throughput tissue microarray analysis. It was found that positive rates of LDHC mRNA expressions in the serum and serum exosomes of HCC patients were 68% and 60%, respectively. The AUCs of serum and exosomal LDHC in differentiating HCC patients from healthy controls were 0.8382 and 0.9451, respectively. The serum and exosomal LDHC levels in HCC patients in the treatment group were higher than the levels in the preliminary diagnosis group, but lower than those in the recurrence group. Survival analysis showed that the expression of LDH-C4 was negatively correlated with the prognosis of HCC. The Cox regression analysis showed that an LDH-C4 level was an independent risk factor for the prognosis of HCC patients. Therefore, serum and exosomal LDHC can be used as a biomarker for early diagnosis, efficacy evaluation and recurrence prediction of HCC. Moreover, LDH-C4 can be used as an important reference indicator for monitoring the prognosis of HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaolei Cui
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Biotherapy, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Cancer Hospital and Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou 350014, Fujian, PR China
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The First Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350009, Fujian, PR China
| | - Yanni Gao
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Biotherapy, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Cancer Hospital and Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou 350014, Fujian, PR China
| | - Lingying Kong
- Department of Pathology, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated People’s Hospital, Fuzhou 350004, Fujian, PR China
| | - Yingfeng Lin
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Biotherapy, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Cancer Hospital and Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou 350014, Fujian, PR China
| | - Yan Chen
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Biotherapy, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Cancer Hospital and Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou 350014, Fujian, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
68
|
Bell D, Bell A, Ferrarotto R, Glisson B, Takahashi Y, Fuller G, Weber R, Hanna E. High-grade sinonasal carcinomas and surveillance of differential expression in immune related transcriptome. Ann Diagn Pathol 2020; 49:151622. [PMID: 32927372 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2020.151622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The skull base is the location of a wide variety of malignant tumors. Among them is sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma (SNUC), a highly aggressive sinonasal neoplasm that was recently reclassified into subgroups of high-grade carcinomas with unique genomic events (e.g., SMARC-deficient carcinoma, nuclear protein in testis NUT carcinoma). Other high-grade carcinomas in this location are neuroendocrine carcinomas, sinonasal adenocarcinomas, and teratocarcinosarcomas. Given the rarity of these tumors, little transcriptomic data is available. The aim of this study was to characterize the immune-oncology gene expression profile in SNUC and other high-grade sinonasal carcinomas. Next-generation sequencing was performed in 30 high-grade sinonasal carcinoma samples using the HTG EdgeSeq Precision Immuno-Oncology Panel. Ingenuity pathway analysis was performed to understand the immunobiology, signaling, and functional perturbations during tumor development. The samples were divided into 3 groups: 21 SNUCs and SMARC-deficient sinonasal carcinomas; 5 high-grade neuroendocrine carcinomas (HGNECs), with small cell and large cell variants; and 4 high-grade sinonasal carcinomas (HGSNCs) of mixed histology (1 NUT carcinoma, 1 teratocarcinosarcoma, and 2 sinonasal adenocarcinomas). PRAME and ASCL1 emerged as upregulated transcripts with strong protein validation for SNUC and HGNEC; other upregulated candidates EZH2 and BRCA1 offer consideration for alternative targeted therapy, and downregulation of major histocompatibility complex molecules and chemokines represent another hurdle in the development of effective immunotherapy. This immune-oncology gene expression analysis of 3 groups of high-grade sinonasal carcinoma with emphasis on SNUC identified a number of differentially expressed transcripts reflecting effects on tumorigenesis. Identification of immune pathways should be further investigated for possible integration of immunotherapy into a multidisciplinary approach to these cancers and personalized treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Bell
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, United States of America; Department Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, United States of America.
| | - Achim Bell
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, United States of America
| | - Renata Ferrarotto
- Thoracic-Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, United States of America
| | - Bonnie Glisson
- Thoracic-Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, United States of America
| | - Yoko Takahashi
- Department Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, United States of America
| | - Gregory Fuller
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, United States of America
| | - Randal Weber
- Department Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, United States of America
| | - Ehab Hanna
- Department Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
69
|
Luo B, Yun X, Li J, Fan R, Guo WW, Liu C, Lin YD, Ge YY, Zeng X, Bi SQ, Nong WX, Zhang QM, Xie XX. Cancer-testis Antigen OY-TES-1 Expression and Immunogenicity in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Curr Med Sci 2020; 40:719-728. [PMID: 32862383 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-020-2241-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cancer testis (CT) antigens have received particular attention in cancer immunotherapy. OY-TES-1 is a member of CT antigens. This study was to evaluate OY-TES-1 expression and immunogenicity in hepatocelluar carcinoma (HCC). OY-TES-1 mRNA expression was detected in 56 HCC tissues and 5 normal liver tissues by reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR). Of the 56 cases of HCC tissues tested, 37 cases had tumor and matched adjacent non-cancer tissues and were subjected to both RT-PCR and quantitative real-time PCR. OY-TES-1 protein was subsequently observed on a panel of tissue microarrays. Sera from patients were tested for OY-TES-1 antibody by ELISA. To identify OY-TES-1 capable of inducing cellular immune response, OY-TES-1 protein was used to sensitize dentritic cells and the cytotoxicity effect was measured in vitro. The results showed that OY-TES-1 mRNA was highly expressed in 41 of the 56 (73.21%) HCC tissues, whereas none in 5 normal liver tissues. OY-TES-1 mRNA was frequently expressed not only in HCC tissues (72.97%, 27/37), but also in paired adjacent non-cancer tissues (64.86%, 24/37). But the mean expression level of OY-TES-1 mRNA in HCC tissues was significantly higher than that in adjacent non-cancer tissues (0.76854 vs. 0.09834, P=0.021). Immunohistochemistry showed that OY-TES-1 protein expression was detected in 6 of the 49 cases of HCC tissues, and absent in 9 cases of normal liver and 6 cases of cirrhosis tissues. Seropositivity was detected in 10 of the 45 HCC patients, but not detected in 17 cirrhosis patients and 76 healthy donors. The specific cytotoxic T cells elicited by OY-TES-1 could kill HLA-A2+ HCC cell line which expressed OY-TES-1. The target lysis was mainly HLA class I -dependent and could be blocked by antibodies against monomorphic HLA class I but not HLA class II molecule. In summary, OY-TES-1 expression is up-regulated in HCC tissues and can be recognized by humoral and cellular responses, which suggests that OY-TES-1 is an attractive target for tumor immunotherapy in HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Luo
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Xiang Yun
- Department of Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Jing Li
- Clinical Laboratory, Chinese Medicine Hospital, Quanzhou, 362000, China
| | - Rong Fan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Wen-Wen Guo
- Department of Pathology, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Yong-da Lin
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Ying-Ying Ge
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Xia Zeng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Shui-Qing Bi
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Wei-Xia Nong
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China.
| | - Qing-Mei Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China.
| | - Xiao-Xun Xie
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China. .,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China. .,Key Laboratory Research on Preclinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China.
| |
Collapse
|
70
|
Barros LRC, Souza-Santos PTD, Pretti MAM, Vieira GF, Bragatte MADS, Mendes MFDA, De Freitas MV, Scherer NDM, De Oliveira IM, Rapozo DCM, Fernandes PV, Simão TDA, Soares-Lima SC, Boroni M, Ribeiro Pinto LF, Bonamino MH. High infiltration of B cells in tertiary lymphoid structures, TCR oligoclonality, and neoantigens are part of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma microenvironment. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 108:1307-1318. [PMID: 32827331 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.5ma0720-710rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCA) exhibits high intratumoral molecular heterogeneity posing a challenge to cancer therapy. Immune checkpoint blockade therapy has been approved for this disease, but with modest results. RNA-Seq data from paired tumor and surrounding nonmalignant tissue from 14 patients diagnosed with ESCA without previous treatment and from The Cancer Genome Atlas-ESCA cohort were analyzed. Herein, we investigated ESCA immune landscape including mutation-derived neoantigens and immune cell subpopulations. Tumor-associated antigen expression was determined by in silico analyses and confirmed by immunohistochemistry showing that PRAME, CEACAM4, and MAGEA11 proteins are expressed on tumors. Immune checkpoint molecules gene expression was higher in the tumor compared with surrounding nonmalignant tissue, but its expression varies greatly among patients. TCR repertoire and BCR transcripts analysis evidenced low clonal diversity with one TCR clone predicted to be specific for a MAGEA11-derived peptide. A high number of B-cell clones infiltrating the tumors and the abundance of these cells in tertiary lymphoid structures observed in ESCA tumors support B cells as a potential immune modulator in this tumor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marco Antonio Marques Pretti
- Programa de Carcinogênese Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Câncer-INCA, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratório de Bioinformática e Biologia Computacional, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, INCA
| | - Gustavo Fioravanti Vieira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Desenvolvimento Humano, Universidade La Salle, Canoas, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Alves De Souza Bragatte
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Marcus Fabiano De Almeida Mendes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Martiela Vaz De Freitas
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Tatiana De Almeida Simão
- Departamento de Bioquímica, IBRAG, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Mariana Boroni
- Laboratório de Bioinformática e Biologia Computacional, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, INCA
| | - Luis Felipe Ribeiro Pinto
- Programa de Carcinogênese Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Câncer-INCA, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Departamento de Bioquímica, IBRAG, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Martin Hernan Bonamino
- Programa de Carcinogênese Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Câncer-INCA, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Vice-Presidência de Pesquisa e Coleções Biológicas (VPPCB), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
71
|
Yang L, Dao FT, Chang Y, Wang YZ, Li LD, Chen WM, Long LY, Liu YR, Lu J, Liu KY, Qin YZ. Both Methylation and Copy Number Variation Participated in the Varied Expression of PRAME in Multiple Myeloma. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:7545-7553. [PMID: 32801773 PMCID: PMC7402861 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s240979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The cancer-testis antigen, which is a preferentially expressed antigen of melanoma (PRAME), is an ideal target for immunotherapy and cancer vaccines. Since the expression of this antigen is relevant to therapy responses, the heterogeneity in its expression and the underlying mechanism need to be investigated. Patients and Methods Plasma cell sorting was performed in 48 newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (MM) patients. Real-time quantitative PCR was performed to examine the PRAME transcript levels and gene copy numbers. Bisulfate clone sequencing of the PRAME promoter and exon 1b regions was performed in 4 patients. Quantitative methylation-specific PCR of the +287 CpG site was performed for all patients. The human MM cell lines RPMI8226, LP-1 and MOLP-2 were treated with 5-azacytidine. Results The median PRAME transcript level was 3.1% (range: 0–298.3%) in the plasma cells sorted from the 48 MM patients. Eleven (22.9%) and 37 (77.1%) patients were individually categorized into the PRAME low- and high-expression groups according to the cut-off value of 0.05%. The methylation ratios of the promoter and the 3ʹ region of exon 1b region were both negatively related to the transcript levels. The degrees of methylation at the +287 CpG site were significantly negatively related to the transcript levels in all 48 patients (r=−0.44, P=0.0018), and those in the high-expression group (r=−0.69, P<0.0001) but not those in the low-expression group (r=−0.27, P=0.43). All 5 patients with homozygous deletions were categorized into the low-expression group. There were no significant differences in the PRAME transcript levels between the hemizygous deletion (n=8) and no deletion (n=35) groups (P=0.40). Furthermore, the PRAME transcript levels significantly increased in the MM cell lines after treatment with 5-azacytidine. Conclusion Both methylation and copy number variation may participate in the regulation of PRAME expression in MM; in patients with no homozygous deletion, PRAME expression is mainly controlled by methylation, and a proportion of fairly low expression is caused by homozygous deletion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng-Ting Dao
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Chang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Zhe Wang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling-Di Li
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Min Chen
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling-Yu Long
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Rong Liu
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Lu
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai-Yan Liu
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Zhen Qin
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
72
|
Yang X, Potts PR. CSAG2 is a cancer-specific activator of SIRT1. EMBO Rep 2020; 21:e50912. [PMID: 32761762 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202050912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
SIRT1 is a NAD+ -dependent deacetylase that controls key metabolic and signaling pathways, including inactivating the p53 tumor suppressor. However, the mechanisms controlling SIRT1 enzymatic activity in the context of cancer are unclear. Here, we show that the previously undescribed CSAG2 protein is a direct activator of SIRT1. CSAG2 is normally restricted to expression in the male germline but is frequently re-activated in cancers. CSAG2 is necessary for cancer cell proliferation and promotes tumorigenesis in vivo. Biochemical studies revealed that CSAG2 directly binds to and stimulates SIRT1 activity toward multiple substrates. Importantly, CSAG2 enhances SIRT1-mediated deacetylation of p53, inhibits p53 transcriptional activity, and improves cell survival in response to genotoxic stress. Mechanistically, CSAG2 binds SIRT1 catalytic domain and promotes activity independent of altering substrate affinity. Together, our results identify a previously undescribed mechanism for SIRT1 activation in cancer cells and highlight unanticipated approaches to therapeutically modulate SIRT1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Yang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Patrick Ryan Potts
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
73
|
Abstract
Myeloproliferative diseases, including myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), are driven by genetic abnormalities and increased inflammatory signaling and are at high risk to transform into acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Myeloid-derived suppressor cells were reported to enhance leukemia immune escape by suppressing an effective anti-tumor immune response. MPNs are a potentially immunogenic disease as shown by their response to interferon-α treatment and allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Novel immunotherapeutic approaches such as immune checkpoint inhibition, tumor vaccination, or cellular therapies using target-specific lymphocytes have so far not shown strong therapeutic efficacy. Potential reasons could be the pro-inflammatory and immunosuppressive microenvironment in the bone marrow of patients with MPN, driving tumor immune escape. In this review, we discuss the biology of MPNs with respect to the pro-inflammatory milieu in the bone marrow (BM) and potential immunotherapeutic approaches.
Collapse
|
74
|
Wang X, Gao X, Tian J, Zhang R, Qiao Y, Hua X, Shi G. LINC00261 inhibits progression of pancreatic cancer by down-regulating miR-23a-3p. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 689:108469. [PMID: 32590069 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are usually dysregulated in the progression of pancreatic cancer. This research aims to explore the function and mechanism of LINC00261 in pancreatic cancer cell viability, invasion and apoptosis. Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database was applied to analyze the association between survival probability of patients and level of LINC00261 or miR-23a-3p in pancreatic cancer. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was conducted to analyze the levels of LINC00261 and miR-23a-3p. Cell viability, invasion and apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cells were determined via MTT, transwell invasion assay, and flow cytometry, respectively. The target relationship between LINC00261 and miR-23a-3p was determined via dual-luciferase reporter and RNA immunoprecipitation assays. Low level of LINC00261 indicated low survival probability of pancreatic cancer patients. LINC00261 level was decreased in pancreatic cancer cells than that in normal pancreatic ductal epithelial cells. Addition of LINC00261 restrained cell viability and invasion and facilitated apoptosis. miR-23a-3p was negatively correlated with LINC00261 level and high expression of miR-23a-3p indicated low survival probability. miR-23a-3p was targeted by LINC00261 and attenuated the influence of LINC00261 on pancreatic cancer cell viability, invasion and apoptosis. In conclusion, LINC00261 overexpression repressed cell viability and invasion and enhanced apoptosis by decreasing miR-23a-3p expression in pancreatic cancer cells, indicating a new target for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, 110042, China
| | - Xiaozhuo Gao
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, 110042, China
| | - Jiaxun Tian
- Department of Laboratory, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, 110042, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, 110042, China
| | - Yun Qiao
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, 110042, China
| | - Xiangdong Hua
- Department of Laboratory, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, 110042, China
| | - Gang Shi
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, 110042, China.
| |
Collapse
|
75
|
Safavi A, Kefayat A, Mahdevar E, Ghahremani F, Nezafat N, Modarressi MH. Efficacy of co-immunization with the DNA and peptide vaccines containing SYCP1 and ACRBP epitopes in a murine triple-negative breast cancer model. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2020; 17:22-34. [PMID: 32497486 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2020.1763693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiepitope cancer vaccines have gained lots of attention for prophylactic and therapeutic purposes in cancer patients. In our previous study, multiepitope DNA and peptide cancer vaccines consisted of the most immunodominant epitopes of ACRBP and SYCP1 antigens were designed by bioinformatic tools. In this study, the effect of prophylactic co-immunization with these DNA and peptide cancer vaccines in the 4T1 breast cancer animal model was assessed. Serum levels of the peptide-specific IgG total, IgG2a and IgG1 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Also, the efficacy of the immunized mice splenocytes' for producing interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) was evaluated. The co-immunization caused a significant (P < .05) increase in the serum levels of IgG1 and IgG2a. The co-immunized mice splenocytes exhibited significantly enhanced IL-4 (6.6-fold) and IFN-γ (19-fold) production. Also, their lymphocytes exhibited higher proliferation rate (3-fold) and granzyme B production (6.5-fold) in comparison with the control. The prophylactic co-immunization significantly decreased the breast tumors' volume (78%) and increased the tumor-bearing mice survival time (37.5%) in comparison with the control. Taking together, prophylactic co-immunization with these multiepitope DNA and peptide cancer vaccines can activate the immune system against breast cancer. However, further experiments are needed to evaluate their efficacy from different angles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashkan Safavi
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University , Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhosein Kefayat
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Prevention Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences , Isfahan, Iran
| | - Elham Mahdevar
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Science and Arts University , Yazd, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ghahremani
- Department of Medical Physics and Radiotherapy, Arak School of Paramedicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences , Arak, Iran
| | - Navid Nezafat
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz, Iran
| | | |
Collapse
|
76
|
Hou Z, Liang X, Wang X, Zhou Z, Shi G. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells infiltration in non-small-cell lung cancer tumor and MAGE-A4 and NY-ESO-1 expression. Oncol Lett 2020; 19:3982-3992. [PMID: 32382343 PMCID: PMC7202317 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer/testis antigens melanoma-associated antigen 4 (MAGE-A4) and New York esophageal squamous cell carcinoma-1 (NY-ESO-1) are of clinical interest as biomarkers and present valuable targets for immunotherapy; however, they are poor prognostic markers in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In addition, myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are recognized as a key element in tumor escape and progression. The aim of the present study was to investigate the diagnostic and prognostic value of MAGE-A4 and NY-ESO-1, and their association with MDSCs in NSCLC samples. The expression levels of MAGE-A4 and NY-ESO-1, and the infiltration of MDSCs (CD33+), were analyzed by immunohistochemistry of 67 tissue samples from patients with NSCLC. Overall, 58.33% of the NSCLC squamous cell carcinoma tissues and 94.7% of adenocarcinoma tissues were positive for MAGE-A4. NY-ESO-1 expression was observed in 52.78% of the squamous cell carcinoma tissues and 80% of the adenocarcinoma tissues. In primary adenocarcinoma tumor tissues, MAGE-A4 and NY-ESO-1 demonstrated a higher intensity of expression compared with the squamous cell carcinoma tissues. A total of 33 (91.7%) squamous cell carcinoma and 19 (95.0%) adenocarcinoma specimens were positive for CD33. The expression of MAGE-A4 and NY-ESO-1 antigens and infiltration of MDSCs was associated with poor prognosis of patients with NSCLC. Further studies investigating the association between these findings and underlying molecular mechanisms are required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenbo Hou
- Department of Pathology, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, Shandong 255000, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Liang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, Shandong 255000, P.R. China
| | - Xinmei Wang
- Department of Pathology, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, Shandong 255000, P.R. China
| | - Ziqiang Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, Shandong 255000, P.R. China
| | - Guilan Shi
- Department of Immunology, School of Nursing, Zibo Vocational Institute, Zibo, Shandong 255314, P.R. China.,Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23508, USA
| |
Collapse
|
77
|
Li Z, Tang J, Wen W, Wu W, Wang J, Xu J, Yu Y, He Z, Pan X, Wei H, Zhu Y, Hu S, Cao J, Shen H, Que J, Wang W, Zhu Q, Chen L. Systematic analysis of genetic variants in cancer-testis genes identified two novel lung cancer susceptibility loci in Chinese population. J Cancer 2020; 11:1985-1993. [PMID: 32194810 PMCID: PMC7052880 DOI: 10.7150/jca.40002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer-testis (CT) genes played important roles in the progression of malignant tumors and were recognized as promising therapeutic targets. However, the roles of genetic variants in CT genes in lung cancer susceptibility have not been well depicted. This study aimed to evaluate the associations between genetic variants in CT genes and lung cancer risk in Chinese population. A total of 22,556 qualified SNPs from 268 lung cancer associated CT genes were initially evaluated based on our previous lung cancer GWAS (Genome-wide association studies) with 2,331 cases and 3,077 controls. As a result, 17 candidate SNPs were further genotyped in 1,056 cases and 1,053 controls using Sequenom platform. Two variants (rs6941653, OPRM1, T > C, screening: OR = 1.24, 95%CI: 1.12-1.38, P = 2.40×10-5; validation: OR = 1.18, 95%CI: 1.01-1.37, P = 0.039 and rs402969, NLRP8, C > T, screening: OR = 1.15, 95%CI: 1.04-1.26, P = 0.006; validation: OR = 1.16, 95%CI: 1.02-1.33, P = 0.028) were identified as novel lung cancer susceptibility variants. Stratification analysis indicated that the effect of rs6941653 was stronger in lung squamous cell carcinoma (OR = 1.36) than that in lung adenocarcinoma (OR = 1.15, I2 = 77%, P = 0.04). Finally, functional annotations, differential gene expression analysis, pathway and gene ontology analyses were performed to suggest the potential functions of our identified variants and genes. In conclusion, this study identified two novel lung cancer risk variants in Chinese population and provided deeper insight into the roles of CT genes in lung tumorigenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Jianwei Tang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Wei Wen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Weibing Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Yue Yu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Zhicheng He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Xianglong Pan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Haixing Wei
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Yining Zhu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Shuo Hu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Jing Cao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Hongbing Shen
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, International Joint Research Center, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Jun Que
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Quan Zhu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| |
Collapse
|
78
|
Li L, Cheng GH, Chen C, Ma DM, Deng XC. Actin‑like protein 8 executes a promoting function in the malignant progression of endometrial cancer: identification of a promising biomarker. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2020; 84:1160-1167. [PMID: 32125225 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2020.1736508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) is generally considered as a disease that affects older women. We attempt to explore the role of actin‑like protein 8 (ACTL8) in EC and how it achieves its function. Based on the data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), we found that ACTL8 expression was up-regulated in EC tissues and correlated with shorter overall survival of EC patients. ACTL8 expression was significantly associated with age, clinical-stage, or grade. Cox proportional hazards model analysis revealed that ACTL8 expression, grade, and clinical-stage were promising independent prognostic factors of EC. Knockdown of ACTL8 repressed the proliferative, migrating and invading capabilities of human EC cell lines KLE and Ishikawa. Silencing ACTL8 up-regulated the negative cell cycle regulator p21 and epithelial marker E-cadherin, and down-regulated the positive cell cycle regulator Cyclin A, mesenchymal markers MMP-9 and N-cadherin in KLE cells. Collectively, these outcomes illustrated that ACTL8 might act as a tumor facilitator during EC progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Guang-Hui Cheng
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - De-Mei Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Chao Deng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
79
|
Taherian-Esfahani Z, Dashti S. Cancer-testis antigens: An update on their roles in cancer immunotherapy. Hum Antibodies 2020; 27:171-183. [PMID: 30909205 DOI: 10.3233/hab-190366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several recent studies have assessed suitability of tumor antigens for immunotherapy. Based on the restricted expression pattern in somatic tissues, cancer-testis antigens (CTAs) are possible candidates for cancer immunotherapy. These antigens are expressed in various tumors including gastrointestinal, breast, skin and hematologic malignancies. OBJECTIVES To find clinical trials utilizing CTAs in cancer patients. METHODS We searched PubMed, google scholar and specific websites that registers clinical trials. RESULTS A number of clinical trials have been designed to evaluate safety and efficacy of CTA-based treatments. The results of some of them have been promising. In the current literature search, we summarized the clinical trials of CTA-based therapies in cancer patients. CONCLUSIONS Based on the availability of different formulations of CTA-based vaccines, future researches should compare efficiency of these modalities.
Collapse
|
80
|
Danilova A, Misyurin V, Novik A, Girdyuk D, Avdonkina N, Nekhaeva T, Emelyanova N, Pipia N, Misyurin A, Baldueva I. Cancer/testis antigens expression during cultivation of melanoma and soft tissue sarcoma cells. Clin Sarcoma Res 2020; 10:3. [PMID: 32042403 PMCID: PMC6998350 DOI: 10.1186/s13569-020-0125-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autologous dendritic cells (DC) loaded with tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) are a promising approach for anticancer immunotherapy. Polyantigen lysates appear to be an excellent source of TAAs for loading onto the patient's dendritic cells. Cancer/testis antigens (CTA) are expressed by a wide range of tumors, but are minimally expressed on normal tissues, and could serve as a universal target for immunotherapy. However, CTA expression levels can vary significantly in patients with the same tumor type. We proposed that patients who do not respond to DC-based therapy may have distinct features of the CTA expression profile on tumor cells. PATIENTS AND METHODS We compared the gene expression of the principal families CTA in 22 melanoma and 27 soft tissue and bone sarcomas cell lines (STBS), received from patients and used for DC vaccine preparation. RESULTS The majority (47 of 49, 95.9%) cell lines showed CTA gene activity. The incidence of gene expression of GAGE, NYESO1, MAGEA1, PRAME's was significantly different (adj. p < 0.05) between melanoma and sarcoma cell lines. The expression of the SCP1 gene was detected neither in melanoma cells nor in the STBS cells. Clustering by the gene expression profile revealed four different expression patterns. We found three main patterns types: hyperexpression of multiple CTA, hyperexpression of one CTA with almost no expression of others, and no expression of CTA. All clusters types exist in melanoma and sarcoma cell lines. We observed dependence of killing efficacy from the PRAME (rho = 0.940, adj. p < 0.01) expression during real-time monitoring with the xCELLigence system of the interaction between melanoma or sarcoma cells with the T-lymphocytes activated by the lysate of selected allogenous melanoma cell lines with high expression of CTA. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that one can use lysates from allogeneic melanoma cell lines as a source of CTA for DC load during the production of anticancer vaccines for the STBS treatment. Patterns of CTA expression should be evaluated as biomarkers of response in prospective clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Danilova
- N.N. Petrov’ National Medical Cancer Research Center, Leningradskaya str., 68, Pesochniy, Saint-Petersburg, 197758 Russian Federation
- Department of Oncoimmunology, N.N. Petrov’ National Medical Cancer Research Center, Leningradskaya str., 68, Pesochniy, Saint-Petersburg, 197758 Russian Federation
| | - Vsevolod Misyurin
- N.N. Blokhin’ National Medical Cancer Research Center, Kashirskoye sh. 24, Moscow, 115478 Russian Federation
| | - Aleksei Novik
- N.N. Petrov’ National Medical Cancer Research Center, Leningradskaya str., 68, Pesochniy, Saint-Petersburg, 197758 Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry Girdyuk
- N.N. Petrov’ National Medical Cancer Research Center, Leningradskaya str., 68, Pesochniy, Saint-Petersburg, 197758 Russian Federation
| | - Natalia Avdonkina
- N.N. Petrov’ National Medical Cancer Research Center, Leningradskaya str., 68, Pesochniy, Saint-Petersburg, 197758 Russian Federation
| | - Tatiana Nekhaeva
- N.N. Petrov’ National Medical Cancer Research Center, Leningradskaya str., 68, Pesochniy, Saint-Petersburg, 197758 Russian Federation
| | - Natalia Emelyanova
- N.N. Petrov’ National Medical Cancer Research Center, Leningradskaya str., 68, Pesochniy, Saint-Petersburg, 197758 Russian Federation
| | - Nino Pipia
- N.N. Petrov’ National Medical Cancer Research Center, Leningradskaya str., 68, Pesochniy, Saint-Petersburg, 197758 Russian Federation
| | - Andrey Misyurin
- N.N. Blokhin’ National Medical Cancer Research Center, Kashirskoye sh. 24, Moscow, 115478 Russian Federation
| | - Irina Baldueva
- N.N. Petrov’ National Medical Cancer Research Center, Leningradskaya str., 68, Pesochniy, Saint-Petersburg, 197758 Russian Federation
| |
Collapse
|
81
|
Ma S, Wang X, Zhang Z, Liu D. Actin-like protein 8 promotes cell proliferation, colony-formation, proangiogenesis, migration and invasion in lung adenocarcinoma cells. Thorac Cancer 2020; 11:526-536. [PMID: 31962007 PMCID: PMC7049497 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.13247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the leading cause of cancer‐associated mortality worldwide of which lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most common. The identification of oncogenes and effective drug targets is the key to individualized LUAD treatment. Actin‐like protein 8 (ACTL8), a member of the cancer/testis antigen family, is associated with tumor growth and patient prognosis in various types of cancer. However, whether ACTL8 is involved in the development of LUAD remains unknown. The aim of the present study was to demonstrate the role of ACTL8 in human LUAD cells. Methods The expression of ACTL8 in LUAD tissues and cell lines was assessed using immunohistochemistry and western blotting. Additionally, plasmids expressing ACTL8‐specific short hairpin RNAs were used to generate lentiviruses which were subsequently used to infect A549 and NCI‐H1975 human LUAD cells. Cell proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis, as well as cell cycle progression and the expression of protein markers of epithelial to mesenchymal transition were investigated. A549 cell tumor growth in nude mice was also examined. Results The results showed that ACTL8 was highly expressed in A549 and NCI‐H1975 LUAD cell lines. Additionally, ACTL8‐knockdown inhibited proliferation, colony formation, cell cycle progression, migration and invasion, and increased apoptosis in both cell lines. Furthermore, in vivo experiments in nude mice revealed that ACTL8‐knockdown inhibited A549 cell tumor growth. Conclusion These results suggest that ACTL8 serves an oncogenic role in human LUAD cells, and that ACTL8 may represent a potential therapeutic target for LUAD. Key points Our results suggest that ACTL8 serves an oncogenic role in human LUAD cells, and that ACTL8 may represent a potential therapeutic target for LUAD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shanwu Ma
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- Department of Pathology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenrong Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Deruo Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
82
|
Xu Z, Tang H, Zhang T, Sun M, Han Q, Xu J, Wei M, Yu Z. TEX19 promotes ovarian carcinoma progression and is a potential target for epitope vaccine immunotherapy. Life Sci 2019; 241:117171. [PMID: 31843525 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.117171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Testis Expressed 19 (TEX19) is one of cancer/testis antigens identified in recent years and is related to the oncogenesis and progress of several cancers. This study aimed to reveal the role of TEX19 in ovarian cancer (OC) and searched for potential candidate epitope peptides of TEX19 to facilitate clinical application. MAIN METHODS TEX19 levels were evaluated by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in 98 human ovarian tissue samples. The correlation of TEX19 levels with patients' clinicopathological features was assessed. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blotting analysis were utilized to detect TEX19 levels in ovarian cell lines and TEX19-deficient cells. The level of TEX19 in OVCAR-3 and A2780 was knocked down by small interfering RNA (siRNA), and loss-of-function assays were used to determine the biological effects of TEX19 on the proliferation, migration, and invasion of OC cells. Subsequently, candidate epitope peptides from TEX19 were predicted and verified by the IEDB database, pepsite2 website, MOE software, and T2 cell binding assay. KEY FINDINGS TEX19 was significantly upregulated in OC which correlated to higher TNM stage, lymph node involvement, and invasiveness. Knockdown of TEX19 inhibited proliferation, migration, and invasion of OC cells. Additionally, we screened four peptides derived from TEX19 and found TL to be the dominant peptide with the greatest affinity with HLA-A*0201. SIGNIFICANCE Our data indicated a cancer-promoting effect of TEX19 in OC and demonstrated that TL could be a potential candidate for an anti-tumor epitope vaccine of OC, suggesting that TEX19 is a promising biomarker and immunotherapeutic target for OC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxu Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No.77, Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, PR China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of molecular targeted anti-tumor drug development and evaluation, China Medical University, No.77, Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, PR China; Liaoning Cancer immune peptide drug Engineering Technology Research Center, China Medical University, No.77, Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, PR China; Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, No.77, Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, PR China
| | - Haichao Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No.77, Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, PR China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of molecular targeted anti-tumor drug development and evaluation, China Medical University, No.77, Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, PR China; Liaoning Cancer immune peptide drug Engineering Technology Research Center, China Medical University, No.77, Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, PR China; Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, No.77, Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, PR China
| | - Tianshu Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No.1 Tian Tan Xi Li, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100050, PR China; No.9, Dongdan Santiao, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, PR China
| | - Mingli Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No.77, Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, PR China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of molecular targeted anti-tumor drug development and evaluation, China Medical University, No.77, Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, PR China; Liaoning Cancer immune peptide drug Engineering Technology Research Center, China Medical University, No.77, Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, PR China; Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, No.77, Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, PR China
| | - Qiang Han
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No.77, Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, PR China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of molecular targeted anti-tumor drug development and evaluation, China Medical University, No.77, Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, PR China; Liaoning Cancer immune peptide drug Engineering Technology Research Center, China Medical University, No.77, Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, PR China; Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, No.77, Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, PR China
| | - Jiao Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No.77, Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, PR China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of molecular targeted anti-tumor drug development and evaluation, China Medical University, No.77, Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, PR China; Liaoning Cancer immune peptide drug Engineering Technology Research Center, China Medical University, No.77, Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, PR China; Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, No.77, Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, PR China
| | - Minjie Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No.77, Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, PR China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of molecular targeted anti-tumor drug development and evaluation, China Medical University, No.77, Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, PR China; Liaoning Cancer immune peptide drug Engineering Technology Research Center, China Medical University, No.77, Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, PR China; Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, No.77, Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, PR China.
| | - Zhaojin Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No.77, Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, PR China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of molecular targeted anti-tumor drug development and evaluation, China Medical University, No.77, Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, PR China; Liaoning Cancer immune peptide drug Engineering Technology Research Center, China Medical University, No.77, Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, PR China; Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, No.77, Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
83
|
Cui Z, Chen Y, Hu M, Lin Y, Zhang S, Kong L, Chen Y. Diagnostic and prognostic value of the cancer-testis antigen lactate dehydrogenase C4 in breast cancer. Clin Chim Acta 2019; 503:203-209. [PMID: 31794764 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lactate dehydrogenase C4 (LDH-C4) as a cancer/testis antigen (CTA) is abnormally expressed in some malignant tumors. However, the expression and clinical significance of LDH-C4 in breast cancer (BC) has not been characterized. METHODS We determined LDHC mRNA expression in serum and serum-derived exosomes of BC patients by quantitative RT-PCR. We also evaluated the protein expression of LDH-C4 in BC tissues using high-throughput tissue microarray analysis and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Our results showed high mRNA expression level of LDHC in serum and serum-derived exosomes of BC patients. The LDHC level in serum and exosomes could distinguish BC cases from healthy individuals based on their AUCs of 0.9587 and 0.9464, respectively. Besides, the LDHC level in exosomes of BC patients associated with tumor size, and positively correlated with HER2 and Ki-67 expressions (all with P < 0.05). Serum and exosomal level of LDHC negatively correlated with medical treatment and positively with the recurrence of BC. Survival analysis showed that LDH-C4 expression negatively correlated with BC prognosis. CONCLUSION Serum and exosomal LDHC may be an effective indicator for the diagnosis, efficacy evaluation, and monitoring the recurrence of BC. LDH-C4 may act as a biomarker that predicts BC prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaolei Cui
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Biotherapy, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Yansong Chen
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Biotherapy, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Minhua Hu
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Biotherapy, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Yingfeng Lin
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Biotherapy, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Shuyu Zhang
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Biotherapy, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Lingying Kong
- Department of Pathology, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated People's Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China.
| | - Yan Chen
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Biotherapy, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
84
|
Pourmaleki M, Young JH, Socci ND, Chiang S, Edelweiss M, Li Y, Zhang M, Roshal L, Chi DS, Busam KJ, Mellinghoff IK, Hollmann TJ. Extramammary Paget disease shows differential expression of B7 family members B7-H3, B7-H4, PD-L1, PD-L2 and cancer/testis antigens NY-ESO-1 and MAGE-A. Oncotarget 2019; 10:6152-6167. [PMID: 31692889 PMCID: PMC6817453 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Extramammary Paget disease (EMPD) is a rare cutaneous adenocarcinoma of the anogenital region most commonly treated with surgical excision. Surgical margin clearance is often problematic and recurrence rates remain high indicating the need for additional therapeutic options. Topical immunomodulators have been used with reported success suggesting EMPD may respond to other immunotherapies. This study investigates EMPD protein expression of targetable B7 family members and cancer/testis antigens (CTAs) B7-H3, B7-H4, PD-L1, PD-L2, MAGE-A, and NY-ESO-1 and components of antigen presenting machinery B2M and MHC-I. Fifty-seven specimens from 48 patients (31 female and 17 male), representing in situ, invasive, and metastatic disease of primary and secondary origin were stained and scored (627 total slides). The percentage of cases expressing each immune regulatory molecule in the in situ followed by invasive tumor components was: B7-H3 (94, 90), B7-H4 (82, 78), PD-L1 (6, 10), MAGE-A (39, 50), NY-ESO-1 (16, 20), B2M (100, 89), and MHC-I (78, 79). PD-L2 was negative in all cases. There was high correlation between marker expression within the in situ and invasive tumor components of the same case. B7-H4 was preferentially expressed in primary cutaneous EMPD. Co-expression of B7 family members B7-H3 and B7-H4 was found within the in situ and invasive tumor components of 74% and 48% of cases, respectively. These findings provide an initial characterization of EMPD tumor cell expression of B7-H3, B7-H4, PD-L1, PD-L2, MAGE-A, and NY-ESO-1 and indicate the potential for new immunotherapeutic options for patients with EMPD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Pourmaleki
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jonathan H Young
- Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.,Present address: School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Nicholas D Socci
- Bioinformatics Core, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Sarah Chiang
- Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Marcia Edelweiss
- Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Yanyun Li
- Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Mianlei Zhang
- Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Lev Roshal
- Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Dennis S Chi
- Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Klaus J Busam
- Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ingo K Mellinghoff
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.,Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Travis J Hollmann
- Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| |
Collapse
|
85
|
Wei R, Dean DC, Thanindratarn P, Hornicek FJ, Guo W, Duan Z. Cancer testis antigens in sarcoma: Expression, function and immunotherapeutic application. Cancer Lett 2019; 479:54-60. [PMID: 31634526 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Sarcomas are a group of heterogeneous malignancies of mesenchymal origin. Patient outcomes remain especially grim for those with recurrent or metastatic disease, and current therapeutic strategies have not significantly improved outcomes over the past few decades. This has led to a number of studies assessing novel therapies. Cancer testis antigens (CTAs) are tumor-associated antigens with physiologic expression in the testis and various malignancies, including sarcomas. Genes encoding CTAs include MAGE, NY-ESO-1, PRAME, TRAG-3/CSAGE, and SSX. The importance and function of CTAs in tumorigenesis have gained recognition in recent years. They are also proving as robust diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. Therapeutically, antigens derived from CTAs are highly recognizable by T lymphocytes and therefore capable of generating a potent antitumor immune response. CTAs are, therefore, promising targets for novel immunotherapies. Here we review the emerging works on expression, function, and immunotherapeutic application of CTAs in sarcoma therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ran Wei
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 615 Charles E. Young Dr. South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA; Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, No. 11 Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100044, China.
| | - Dylan C Dean
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 615 Charles E. Young Dr. South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Pichaya Thanindratarn
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 615 Charles E. Young Dr. South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Francis J Hornicek
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 615 Charles E. Young Dr. South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Wei Guo
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, No. 11 Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100044, China.
| | - Zhenfeng Duan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 615 Charles E. Young Dr. South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
86
|
Liu MY, Su H, Huang HL, Chen JQ. Cancer stem-like cells with increased expression of NY-ESO-1 initiate breast cancer metastasis. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:3664-3672. [PMID: 31579408 PMCID: PMC6757292 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer stem-like cells (BCSLCs) with a CD44+/CD24−/low phenotype initiate the invasion and metastasis of breast cancer. The expression of New York oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma 1 (NY-ESO-1), one of the most immunogenic cancer-testicular antigens, is largely restricted to cancer and germ cells/placental trophoblasts, with little to no expression in normal adult somatic cells. Currently, few studies have reported the expression or function of NY-ESO-1 in BCSLCs. In the present study, immunohistochemistry indicated enhanced expression levels of NY-ESO-1/CD44 (P<0.01) and decreased expression levels of CD24 (P<0.01) in metastatic breast cancer tissues (MBCT) compared with non-MBCT. Additionally, the co-localization of CD44, CD24 and NY-ESO-1 in tissue samples was determined using immunofluorescence analysis. The results revealed that the expression of NY-ESO-1/CD44/CD24 was associated with breast cancer metastasis. Moreover, Spearman's rank correlation analysis indicated that CD44/CD24 expression was significantly correlated with that of NY-ESO-1. In the present study, mammosphere culture, a valuable method of BCSLC enrichment, was used to enrich MCF-7 and SK-BR-3 BCSLCs; immunofluorescence, western blotting and flow cytometry demonstrated increased expression levels of NY-ESO-1 and CD44, and low expression levels of CD24 in BCSLCs. Furthermore, the cell migration and invasion assays verified that BCSLCs with an increased NY-ESO-1 expression level exhibited greater invasive and migratory capacity compared with parental breast cancer cells. In addition to previously reported findings from the Oncomine database, it was ascertained that CD44+/CD24−/low BCSLCs with an increased level of NY-ESO-1 expression initiated the invasion and metastasis of breast cancer; therefore, NY-ESO-1 may serve as a novel target for metastatic breast cancer immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mai-Ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510260, P.R. China.,Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510260, P.R. China.,Stem Cell Translational Medicine Centre, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510260, P.R. China
| | - Hang Su
- Stem Cell Translational Medicine Centre, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510260, P.R. China
| | - Hua-Lan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510260, P.R. China.,Stem Cell Translational Medicine Centre, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510260, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Qi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510260, P.R. China.,Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510260, P.R. China.,Stem Cell Translational Medicine Centre, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510260, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
87
|
Xu B, Jungbluth AA, Frosina D, Alzumaili B, Aleynick N, Slodkowska E, Higgins K, Ho A, Morris L, Ghossein R, Katabi N. The immune microenvironment and expression of PD-L1, PD-1, PRAME and MHC I in salivary duct carcinoma. Histopathology 2019; 75:672-682. [PMID: 31237963 DOI: 10.1111/his.13944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Salivary duct carcinoma (SDC) is an aggressive salivary malignancy that results in high mortality rates and is often resistant to chemotherapy. Anti-programmed death-1 (PD-1)/programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) checkpoint inhibitors have led to dramatic improvements in patients with various cancers. Other immunotherapeutic approaches, e.g. cancer vaccines, have shown promising results. Cancer testis antigens, e.g. preferentially expressed antigen in melanoma (PRAME), are regarded as promising vaccine targets because of their tumour-specific expression pattern. METHODS AND RESULTS We analysed the immunoexpression of PD-L1, PD-1, major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC I) and PRAME in 53 SDCs. The immunoexpression levels of PD-L1 in tumour cells (TCs) and immune cells (ICs), PD-1 in ICs, PRAME in TCs and MHC I in TCs were analysed, and were correlated with outcome. PRAME expression was seen in 83% of SDCs. No PRAME staining was present in normal salivary gland tissue. With the three established diagnostic algorithms proposed for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, the criteria being a combined positive score of ≥1, TC% ≥1%, and TC% ≥25%, 35 (66%), 17 (32%) and three cases (6%), respectively, were deemed to be positive for PD-L1. PD-1-positive ICs were seen in 35 (66%) cases. MHC I down-regulation was seen in 82% of SDCs. There was a significant correlation among PD-L1 expression in ICs, PD-1 expression in ICs, and PRAME expression in TCs. PD-L1 expression in TCs and lack of PD-1 expression in ICs were associated with decreased disease-specific survival in SDC patients. CONCLUSIONS Alterations of the tumour immune microenvironment are common in SDCs, including expression of PD-1/PD-L1 and PRAME, which opens the way to potential novel immune therapies, such as cancer vaccination and PD-1/PD-L1 blockade, in these tumours.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Xu
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Achim A Jungbluth
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Denise Frosina
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bayan Alzumaili
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nathaniel Aleynick
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elzbieta Slodkowska
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Diagnostics, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kevin Higgins
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alan Ho
- Department of Medical Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Luc Morris
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ronald Ghossein
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nora Katabi
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
88
|
Li R, Guo M, Song L. PAS Domain Containing Repressor 1 (PASD1) Promotes Glioma Cell Proliferation Through Inhibiting Apoptosis In Vitro. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:6955-6964. [PMID: 31558691 PMCID: PMC6761850 DOI: 10.12659/msm.916308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background PAS domain containing repressor 1 (PASD1), the cancer-testis antigen (CTA), has been reported to be aberrantly expressed in various cancer tissues and cancer cell lines; however, normal PASD1 expression can be detected in normal tissue, excluding testicular tissue. Moreover, PASD1 is reported to be abnormally expressed in various malignant tumors. However, it remains unclear whether PASD1 participates in tumorigenesis of glioma. Material/Methods PASD1 expression was detected by immunohistochemistry in 155 glioma tissue specimens in this study. Furthermore, the relationship of PASD1 expression with clinicopathological features in glioma cases was statistically analyzed. In addition, PASD1 was knocked down by small interference RNA (shRNA) in glioma cell line (LN229), so as to assess the potential to use it as the target for treating glioma. Results Our findings suggested that PASD1 expression in glioma patients was extremely upregulated compared with that in normal tissue samples and cell lines. Moreover, PASD1 expression was found to be markedly correlated with gender, The World Health Organization grade and p53 expression; in addition, high PASD1 expression indicated poor prognosis for glioma patients. Additionally, downregulation of PASD1 inhibited the proliferation ability of cells and resulted in cell arrest at the G2/M phase, which was achieved through accelerating apoptosis. Furthermore, our results indicated that PASD1 downregulation could upregulate some apoptosis-modulating proteins at the same time it downregulated some cycle-regulating proteins. Conclusions Taken together, our findings demonstrated that PASD1, an oncogene, can potentially serve as an independent prognostic factor for glioma patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruoyan Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China (mainland)
| | - Mengguo Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China (mainland)
| | - Laijun Song
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China (mainland)
| |
Collapse
|
89
|
Safavi A, Kefayat A, Sotoodehnejadnematalahi F, Salehi M, Modarressi MH. Production, purification, and in vivo evaluation of a novel multiepitope peptide vaccine consisted of immunodominant epitopes of SYCP1 and ACRBP antigens as a prophylactic melanoma vaccine. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 76:105872. [PMID: 31499268 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma cells are significantly resistance to the current treatments. Therefore, the best option for high-risk populations is prevention. Recently, many preventive cancer vaccines have been developed. In our previous study, several bioinformatic tools were employed for selection of the most immunodominant epitopes of acrosin binding protein (ACRBP) and synaptonemal complex protein 1 (SYCP1) antigens to design multiepitope DNA and peptide cancer vaccines. In the current study, the final construct of the multiepitope DNA vaccine was placed into a pcDNA3.1 vector and then, subcloned into a pET-28a (+) expression vector for transfecting BL21 E. coli strain. The recombinant multiepitope peptide vaccine, weighing 6.35 kDa, was purified by Fast protein liquid chromatography technique (FPLC) and detected by western blotting. Subsequently, C57BL/6 mice were immunized by a mixture of the peptide vaccine and incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA) (four vaccinations with one-week intervals). Two weeks after the last vaccination, the serum levels of the peptide-specific IgG total, IgG2a, and IgG1 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Also, the immunized mice splenocytes efficacy for producing interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) after stimulation with the peptide vaccine was evaluated. At last, the prophylactic effect of the peptide vaccine immunization was evaluated in B16-F10 murine melanoma model. The peptide vaccine immunization caused a significant increase in the serum levels of IgG1, IgG2a, and IgG2a. Also, the immunized mice splenocytes exhibited significantly higher ability to produce IL-4 (10-fold) and IFN-γ (16-fold) after stimulation with the peptide vaccine, in comparison with the PBS and IFA groups. The peptide immunized mice exhibited 50.2% and 43% decrease in the mean tumors' volume in comparison with PBS and IFA groups. Also, the mean survival time for the peptide immunized mice was 33 ± 1.3 days which was 5 and 6 days more than the PBS and IFA groups, respectively. The obtained results exhibit high efficacy of the designed multiepitope peptide vaccine for the immune system activation and anti-tumor prophylactic effects in the murine melanoma model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashkan Safavi
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhosein Kefayat
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Prevention Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-73461, Iran
| | | | - Mansoor Salehi
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | |
Collapse
|
90
|
TEX9 and eIF3b functionally synergize to promote the progression of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:875. [PMID: 31481019 PMCID: PMC6724304 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-6071-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most frequent malignant digestive tumors around the world. We previously demonstrated that eIF3b could promote the progression of ESCC. The exact mechanisms underlying these effects remained unknown. Methods Quantitative proteomics was applied to detect the potential targets of Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 subunit b (eIF3b). RT-qPCR and Western blot were performed to detect the expression of targeted gene and pathway related genes. RNA-immunoprecipitation was applied to verify the binding of eIF3b with targeted gene. Moreover, CCK-8 assay, colony-formation assay, transwell assay, flow cytometry for cell apoptosis and tumor xenograft assay were performed to analyze the regulation of the targeted gene on the bio-function of ESCC cells. Results Quantitative proteomics data showed that Testis-expressed protein 9 (TEX9) expression was positively associated with eIF3b expression. RT-qPCR and Western blot results confirmed the quantitative proteomics data and demonstrated that TEX9 expression was positively correlated with TNM stage in ESCC. Furtherly, RNA-immunoprecipitation confirmed that eIF3b binding to TEX9 mRNA. The bio-function related assay demonstrated that TEX9 and eIF3b functionally synergized to promote the proliferation and migration, and inhibited the apoptosis of ESCC cells. In the analysis of mechanism, we revealed that TEX9 and eIF3b promoted the progression of ESCC through the activation of AKT signaling pathway. Conclusions The synergized promoting role of TEX9 and eIF3b in the progression of ESCC may provide a novel mechanism for exploring viable therapeutic strategies for ESCC. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-019-6071-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
|
91
|
Abstract
PRAME (PReferentially expressed Antigen in MElanoma) is a melanoma-associated antigen that was isolated by autologous T cells in a melanoma patient. While frequent PRAME mRNA expression is well documented in cutaneous and ocular melanomas, little is known about PRAME protein expression in melanocytic tumors. In this study we examined the immunohistochemical expression of PRAME in 400 melanocytic tumors, including 155 primary and 100 metastatic melanomas, and 145 melanocytic nevi. Diffuse nuclear immunoreactivity for PRAME was found in 87% of metastatic and 83.2% of primary melanomas. Among melanoma subtypes, PRAME was diffusely expressed in 94.4% of acral melanomas, 92.5% of superficial spreading melanomas, 90% of nodular melanomas, 88.6% of lentigo maligna melanomas, and 35% of desmoplastic melanomas. When in situ and nondesmoplastic invasive melanoma components were present, PRAME expression was seen in both. Of the 140 cutaneous melanocytic nevi, 86.4% were completely negative for PRAME. Immunoreactivity for PRAME was seen, albeit usually only in a minor subpopulation of lesional melanocytes, in 13.6% of cutaneous nevi, including dysplastic nevi, common acquired nevi, traumatized/recurrent nevi, and Spitz nevi. Rare isolated junctional melanocytes with immunoreactivity for PRAME were also seen in solar lentigines and benign nonlesional skin. Our results suggest that immunohistochemical analysis for PRAME expression may be useful for diagnostic purposes to support a suspected diagnosis of melanoma. It may also be valuable for margin assessment of a known PRAME-positive melanoma, but its expression in nevi, solar lentigines, and benign nonlesional skin can represent a pitfall and merits further investigations to better assess the potential clinical utility of this marker.
Collapse
|
92
|
Rittenhouse-Olson K. Thematic 2019 Letter from the Editor. Immunol Invest 2019; 48:673-679. [PMID: 31423924 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2019.1645985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
93
|
Salgado-Albarrán M, González-Barrios R, Guerra-Calderas L, Alcaraz N, Estefanía Sánchez-Correa T, Castro-Hernández C, Sánchez-Pérez Y, Aréchaga-Ocampo E, García-Carrancá A, Cantú de León D, Herrera LA, Baumbach J, Soto-Reyes E. The epigenetic factor BORIS (CTCFL) controls the androgen receptor regulatory network in ovarian cancer. Oncogenesis 2019; 8:41. [PMID: 31406110 PMCID: PMC6690894 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-019-0150-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The identification of prognostic biomarkers is a priority for patients suffering from high-grade serous ovarian cancer (SOC), which accounts for >70% of ovarian cancer (OC) deaths. Meanwhile, borderline ovarian cancer (BOC) is a low malignancy tumor and usually patients undergo surgery with low probabilities of recurrence. However, SOC remains the most lethal neoplasm due to the lack of biomarkers for early diagnosis and prognosis. In this regard, BORIS (CTCFL), a CTCF paralog, is a promising cancer biomarker that is overexpressed and controls transcription in several cancer types, mainly in OC. Studies suggest that BORIS has an important function in OC by altering gene expression, but the effect and extent to which BORIS influences transcription in OC from a genome-wide perspective is unclear. Here, we sought to identify BORIS target genes in an OC cell line (OVCAR3) with potential biomarker use in OC tumor samples. To achieve this, we performed in vitro knockout and knockdown experiments of BORIS in OVCAR3 cell line followed by expression microarrays and bioinformatics network enrichment analysis to identify relevant BORIS target genes. In addition, ex vivo expression data analysis of 373 ovarian cancer patients were evaluated to identify the expression patterns of BORIS target genes. In vitro, we uncovered 130 differentially expressed genes and obtained the BORIS-associated regulatory network, in which the androgen receptor (AR) acts as a major transcription factor. Also, FN1, FAM129A, and CD97 genes, which are related to chemoresistance and metastases in OC, were identified. In SOC patients, we observed that malignancy is associated with high levels of BORIS expression while BOC patients show lower levels. Our study suggests that BORIS acts as a main regulator, and has the potential to be used as a prognostic biomarker and to yield novel drug targets among the genes BORIS controls in SOC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marisol Salgado-Albarrán
- Natural Sciences Department, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Cuajimalpa (UAM-C), Mexico City, 05300, Mexico.,Chair of Experimental Bioinformatics, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Rodrigo González-Barrios
- Cancer Biomedical Research Unit, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Lissania Guerra-Calderas
- Natural Sciences Department, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Cuajimalpa (UAM-C), Mexico City, 05300, Mexico
| | - Nicolás Alcaraz
- The Bioinformatics Centre Section for RNA and Computational Biology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Yesennia Sánchez-Pérez
- Cancer Biomedical Research Unit, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Elena Aréchaga-Ocampo
- Natural Sciences Department, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Cuajimalpa (UAM-C), Mexico City, 05300, Mexico
| | | | - David Cantú de León
- Cancer Biomedical Research Unit, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis A Herrera
- Cancer Biomedical Research Unit, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jan Baumbach
- Chair of Experimental Bioinformatics, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ernesto Soto-Reyes
- Natural Sciences Department, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Cuajimalpa (UAM-C), Mexico City, 05300, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
94
|
Zhou YT, Qiu JJ, Wang Y, Liu PC, Lv Q, Du ZG. Sperm Protein Antigen 17 Expression Correlates With Lymph Node Metastasis and Worse Overall Survival in Patients With Breast Cancer. Front Oncol 2019; 9:710. [PMID: 31417875 PMCID: PMC6685407 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The expression and role of sperm protein antigen 17 (SPA17), which has been confirmed to be immunogenic, in breast cancer remain unclear. We examined the expression of SPA17 in breast cancer and assessed its effect on patient prognosis and its function in breast cancer development. Methods: SPA17 expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry and Q-RT-PCR in 120 breast tissue samples. Correlation of SPA17 expression with the patients' clinicopathological parameters and overall survival was assessed. The function of SPA17 was also explored. Results: By reviewing Gene Expression Omnibus datasets, we found that SPA17 expression in ductal breast carcinoma in situ (log2[fold change] = 1.14, p-value = 0.004) and invasive ductal breast cancer (log2[fold change] = 1.03, p-value = 0.016) tissues was 2.20 and 2.05 times higher, respectively, than that in normal breast tissues. Our result also showed that 27% (27/100) of breast cancer samples expressed SPA17 but none of the normal breast (0/20) samples did. Lymph node metastasis (p < 0.001) and molecular subtyping (p = 0.002) were independent factors associated with SPA17 expression. Most importantly, SPA17 expression resulted in poor prognosis. In addition, cell function assay validated that SPA17 increased the migration (p < 0.001) and invasion (p = 0.007) of breast cancer cells, but not affected the proliferation of breast cancer cells. Conclusion: Our results demonstrated the vital role of SPA17 in the development and metastasis of breast cancer and that SPA17 may be a new therapeutic target in improving breast cancer prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Zhou
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Juan-Juan Qiu
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yao Wang
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | | | - Qing Lv
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zheng-Gui Du
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
95
|
Dashti S, Taherian-Esfahani Z. Cellular immune responses against cancer-germline genes in cancers. Hum Antibodies 2019; 28:57-64. [PMID: 31356200 DOI: 10.3233/hab-190392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer-germline genes are a class of genes that are normally expressed in testis, trophoblast and few somatic tissues but abnormally expressed in tumor tissues. Their expression signature indicates that they can induce cellular immune responses, thus being applied as targets in cancer immunotherapy. OBJECTIVES To obtain the data of cellular immune responses against cancer-germline genes in cancer. METHODS We searched PubMed/Medline with the key words cancer-germline antigen, cancer-testis antigen, CD4+ T cell, CD8+ T cell and cancer. RESULTS About 40 cancer-germline genes have been shown to induce T cell specific responses in cancer patients. Melanoma, lung and breast cancer are among the mostly assessed cancer types. Several epitopes have been identified which can be used in immunotherapy of cancer. CONCLUSION Cellular immune responses against cancer-germline genes are indicative of appropriateness of these genes as therapeutic targets.
Collapse
|
96
|
Kochin V, Nishikawa H. <Editors' Choice> Meddling with meddlers: curbing regulatory T cells and augmenting antitumor immunity. NAGOYA JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE 2019; 81:1-18. [PMID: 30962651 PMCID: PMC6433633 DOI: 10.18999/nagjms.81.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
CD4+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) expressing the transcription factor forkhead
box P3 (FoxP3) play an important role in self-tolerance and immune homeostasis. Tregs have
evolved to protect the host from aberrant immune responses against self-components and
collateral damages occurring in the process of defense against invading pathogens by
softening immune responses. However, they turned to be a scourge in malignant tumors by
not only allowing and promoting tumor growth but also suppressing effective antitumor
actions, both inherent (host’s immune surveillance) and extrinsic (anticancer therapy). An
increase in the number of Tregs infiltrating into tumor sites and a concomitant decrease
in the number of CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes are associated with a poor
prognosis for various types of cancers, marking Tregs as notorious meddlers with an
effective antitumor response. Various cancer immunotherapy approaches are often dampened
by meddling Tregs, making them one of the major targets in the treatment of cancer. The
recent success of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) that target immune checkpoint
molecules expressed by Tregs or effector T cells implies, that “meddling with meddlers”
represents an effective strategy in cancer immunotherapy. However, clinical responses to
ICIs are effective and durable only in some patients with cancer, whereas more than half
of them do not show significant clinical improvement. This implies that a therapeutic
approach based on the use of a single ICI, or targeting Tregs alone, is insufficient,
highlighting the need for combinatorial approaches. With regard to antitumor immune
stimulation, several approaches, such as vaccination with peptides (or the corresponding
DNA) to stimulate antigen-presenting CD8+ T cells with tumor-specific
neoantigens, cancer/testis antigens, or cancer stem cell antigens, that eventually boost
effective cytotoxic antitumor responses are being tested. This review describes the
immunosuppressive physiology of Tregs and their meddling with the host’s antitumor
immunity; current and prospective approaches to curb Tregs; and approaches to augment
antitumor immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vitaly Kochin
- Department of Immunology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Nishikawa
- Department of Immunology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Division of Cancer Immunology, Research Institute/Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center (EPOC), National Cancer Center, Tokyo / Chiba, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
97
|
Thematic 2018 Letter from the Editor. Immunol Invest 2019; 47:765-769. [PMID: 31282800 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2018.1552391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
98
|
Moghbeli M. Genetic and molecular biology of breast cancer among Iranian patients. J Transl Med 2019; 17:218. [PMID: 31286981 PMCID: PMC6615213 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-019-1968-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract Background, Breast cancer (BC) is one of the leading causes of cancer related deaths in Iran. This high ratio of mortality had a rising trend during the recent years which is probably associated with late diagnosis. Main body Therefore it is critical to define a unique panel of genetic markers for the early detection among our population. In present review we summarized all of the reported significant genetic markers among Iranian BC patients for the first time, which are categorized based on their cellular functions. Conclusions This review paves the way of introducing a unique ethnic specific panel of diagnostic markers among Iranian BC patients. Indeed, this review can also clarify the genetic and molecular bases of BC progression among Iranians.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meysam Moghbeli
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
99
|
Mahmoudian J, Ghods R, Nazari M, Jeddi-Tehrani M, Ghahremani MH, Ghaffari-Tabrizi-Wizsy N, Ostad SN, Zarnani AH. PLAC1: biology and potential application in cancer immunotherapy. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2019; 68:1039-1058. [PMID: 31165204 PMCID: PMC11028298 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-019-02350-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of immunotherapy has revolutionized medical oncology with unprecedented advances in cancer treatment over the past two decades. However, a major obstacle in cancer immunotherapy is identifying appropriate tumor-specific antigens to make targeted therapy achievable with fewer normal cells being impaired. The similarity between placentation and tumor development and growth has inspired many investigators to discover antigens for effective immunotherapy of cancers. Placenta-specific 1 (PLAC1) is one of the recently discovered placental antigens with limited normal tissue expression and fundamental roles in placental function and development. There is a growing body of evidence showing that PLAC1 is frequently activated in a wide variety of cancer types and promotes cancer progression. Based on the restricted expression of PLAC1 in testis, placenta and a wide variety of cancers, we have designated this molecule with new terminology, cancer-testis-placenta (CTP) antigen, a feature that PLAC1 shares with many other cancer testis antigens. Recent reports from our lab provide compelling evidence on the preferential expression of PLAC1 in prostate cancer and its potential utility in prostate cancer immunotherapy. PLAC1 may be regarded as a potential CTP antigen for targeted cancer immunotherapy based on the available data on its promoting function in cancer development and also its expression in cancers of different histological origin. In this review, we will summarize current data on PLAC1 with emphasis on its association with cancer development and immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jafar Mahmoudian
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
- Monoclonal Antibody Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roya Ghods
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahboobeh Nazari
- Monoclonal Antibody Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmood Jeddi-Tehrani
- Monoclonal Antibody Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Ghahremani
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Pharmacology Building, Enghelab St., Tehran, 1417614411, Iran
| | | | - Seyed Nasser Ostad
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Pharmacology Building, Enghelab St., Tehran, 1417614411, Iran.
| | - Amir-Hassan Zarnani
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Nafisi Building, Enghelab St., Tehran, 1417613151, Iran.
- Reproductive Immunology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
- Immunology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
100
|
Rossi JF, Céballos P, Lu ZY. Immune precision medicine for cancer: a novel insight based on the efficiency of immune effector cells. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2019; 39:34. [PMID: 31200766 PMCID: PMC6567551 DOI: 10.1186/s40880-019-0379-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cell growth is associated with immune surveillance failure. Nowadays, restoring the desired immune response against cancer cells remains a major therapeutic strategy. Due to the recent advances in biological knowledge, efficient therapeutic tools have been developed to support the best bio-clinical approaches for immune precision therapy. One of the most important successes in immune therapy is represented by the applicational use of monoclonal antibodies, particularly the use of rituximab for B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders. More recently, other monoclonal antibodies have been developed, to inhibit immune checkpoints within the tumor microenvironment that limit immune suppression, or to enhance some immune functions with immune adjuvants through different targets such as Toll-receptor agonists. The aim is to inhibit cancer proliferation by the diminishing/elimination of cancer residual cells and clinically improving the response duration with no or few adverse effects. This effect is supported by enhancing the number, functions, and activity of the immune effector cells, including the natural killer (NK) lymphocytes, NKT-lymphocytes, γδ T-lymphocytes, cytotoxic T-lymphocytes, directly or indirectly through vaccines particularly with neoantigens, and by lowering the functions of the immune suppressive cells. Beyond these new therapeutics and their personalized usage, new considerations have to be taken into account, such as epigenetic regulation particularly from microbiota, evaluation of transversal functions, particularly cellular metabolism, and consideration to the clinical consequences at the body level. The aim of this review is to discuss some practical aspects of immune therapy, giving to clinicians the concept of immune effector cells balancing between control and tolerance. Immunological precision medicine is a combination of modern biological knowledge and clinical therapeutic decisions in a global vision of the patient.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-François Rossi
- Institut Sainte Catherine, 84918, Avignon, France. .,Université Montpellier 1, UFR Médecine, 34396, Montpellier, France. .,Département d'Hématologie, CHU de Montpellier, 34295, Montpellier, France.
| | - Patrice Céballos
- Département d'Hématologie, CHU de Montpellier, 34295, Montpellier, France
| | - Zhao-Yang Lu
- Unité de Thérapie Cellulaire, CHU Saint-Eloi, 34295, Montpellier, France
| |
Collapse
|