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Zarmouh NO, Messeha SS, Elshami FM, Soliman KFA. Natural Products Screening for the Identification of Selective Monoamine Oxidase-B Inhibitors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 15. [PMID: 27341283 PMCID: PMC4898948 DOI: 10.9734/ejmp/2016/26453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Aims Monoamine oxidase-B inhibitors (MAO-BIs) are used for the initial therapy of Parkinson’s disease. Also, MAO-BIs have shown to be effective neuroprotective agents in several neurodegenerative diseases. However, some concerns exist regarding the long-term use of these compounds. Meanwhile, natural compounds showed potential MAO-B selective inhibitions. To date, few selective natural MAO-BIs have been identified. Therefore, the current study is designed to identify plants with potent and specific MAO-B inhibition. Study Design In this work, we utilized high throughput screening to evaluate the different plants ethanolic extract for their effectiveness to inhibit recombinant human (h)MAO-A and hMAO-B and to determine the relative selectivity of the top MAO-BI. Methodology Recombinant human isozymes were verified by Western blotting, and the 155 plants were screened. A continuous fluorometric screening assay was performed followed by two separate hMAO-A and hMAO-B microtiter screenings and IC50 determinations for the top extracts. Results In the screened plants, 9% of the extracts showed more than 1.5-fold relative inhibition of hMAO-B (RIB) and another 9% showed more than 1.5-fold relative inhibition of hMAO-A. The top extracts with the most potent RIBs were Psoralea corylifolia seeds, Phellodendron amurense bark, Glycyrrhiza uralensis roots, and Ferula assafoetida roots, with the highest RIB of 5.9-fold. Furthermore, extensive maceration of the promising extracts led to increase inhibitory effects with a preserved RIB as confirmed with luminescence assay. The top four extracts hMAO-BIs were equally potent (IC50= 1.3 to 3.8 μg/mL) with highly significant relative selectivities to inhibit hMAO-B (4.1- to 13.4-fold). Conclusion The obtained results indicate that Psoralea corylifolia seeds, Ferula assafoetida, Glycyrrhiza uralensis roots, and Phellodendron amurense ethanolic extracts have selective inhibitions for human MAO-B. Investigating these plant extracts as natural resources for novel selective MAO-BIs may lead to the development of molecules that can be used in the therapeutic management of neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najla O Zarmouh
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, Florida 32307, USA
| | - Samia S Messeha
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, Florida 32307, USA
| | - Faisel M Elshami
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, Florida 32307, USA
| | - Karam F A Soliman
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, Florida 32307, USA
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Protective Effects of Liquiritin on the Brain of Rats with Alzheimer's Disease. W INDIAN MED J 2016; 64:468-472. [PMID: 27399208 DOI: 10.7727/wimj.2016.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a sort of nerve degenerative disease with clinical manifestation of memory damage and cognitive dysfunction. Its typical pathological change is the abnormal deposition of amyloid-beta (Aβ). Method In this study, a rat AD model with liquiritin (LQ) interference was established to observe the effects of LQ on the AD rats' behavioural memory and primary hippocampus cells. Results Liquiritin had the effect of improving the rats' learning and memory ability, enhancing the activity of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in rats' brain tissues, increasing the antioxidant ability, protecting the primary cultured hippocampal neurons and inhibiting the apoptosis induced by Aβ25-35. Conclusion The protective effects of LQ can be related to the enhancement of antioxidase activity and clearance of oxygen radicals.
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An Analysis of the Combination Frequencies of Constituent Medicinal Herbs in Prescriptions for the Treatment of Stroke in Korean Medicine: Determination of a Group of Candidate Prescriptions for Universal Use. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:2674014. [PMID: 27087820 PMCID: PMC4818814 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2674014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 02/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In contrast to Western medicine, which typically prescribes one medicine to treat a specific disease, traditional East Asian medicine uses any one of a large number of different prescriptions (mixtures of medicinal herbs), according to the patient's characteristics. Although this can be considered an advantage, the lack of a universal prescription for a specific disease is considered a drawback of traditional East Asian medicine. The establishment of universally applicable prescriptions for specific diseases is therefore required. As a basic first step in this process, this study aimed to select prescriptions used in the treatment of stroke and, through the analysis of medicinal herb combination frequencies, select a high-frequency medicinal herb combination group for further experimental and clinical research. As a result, we selected some candidates of a medicinal herb combination and 13 candidates of a medicinal herb for the treatment of stroke.
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The Effect of 3′,4′-Dihydroxyflavonol on Lipid Peroxidation in Rats with Cerebral Ischemia Reperfusion Injury. Neurochem Res 2016; 41:1732-40. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-016-1889-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Fujii S, Morinaga O, Uto T, Nomura S, Shoyama Y. Development of Double Eastern Blotting for Major Licorice Components, Glycyrrhizin and Liquiritin for Chemical Quality Control of Licorice Using anti-Glycyrrhizin and anti-Liquiritin Monoclonal Antibodies. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:1087-1093. [PMID: 26765784 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b04732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Licorice is utilized in various food industries around the world for seasoning agents, confectioneries, drinks, and functional foods. Glycyrrhizin (GL) and liquiritin (Liq) are major quality control chemical markers of licorice that have multifunctional bioactivities. Chemical quality control of licorice is important because its component profiles change depending environmental factors (climate, soil condition, and water deficit) and differences between species. Double eastern blotting using anti-GL and anti-Liq monoclonal antibodies was developed for more convenient, rapid, and specific quality control analysis of GL and Liq, respectively. Moreover, double eastern blotting was applied to investigate the immunohistochemical distributions of GL and Liq in the root of fresh licorice; the localization of both components was then clarified visually. This double eastern blotting technique for GL and Liq may serve as a powerful approach for visually determining the chemical quality of licorice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Fujii
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Health Management, Nagasaki International University , 2825-7 Huis Ten Bosch, Sasebo, 859-3298 Japan
| | - Osamu Morinaga
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University , 2825-7 Huis Ten Bosch, Sasebo, 859-3298 Japan
| | - Takuhiro Uto
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University , 2825-7 Huis Ten Bosch, Sasebo, 859-3298 Japan
| | - Shuichi Nomura
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Health Management, Nagasaki International University , 2825-7 Huis Ten Bosch, Sasebo, 859-3298 Japan
| | - Yukihiro Shoyama
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University , 2825-7 Huis Ten Bosch, Sasebo, 859-3298 Japan
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Wang T, Ding L, Jin H, Shi R, Li Y, Wu J, Li Y, Zhu L, Ma Y. Simultaneous quantification of catechin, epicatechin, liquiritin, isoliquiritin, liquiritigenin, isoliquiritigenin, piperine and glycyrrhetinic acid in rat plasma by HPLC-MS/MS: application to a pharmacokinetic study of Longhu Rendan pills. Biomed Chromatogr 2016; 30:1166-74. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tianming Wang
- Department of Pharmacology; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Liqing Ding
- Shanghai Zhonghua Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd.; Shanghai 200052 China
| | - Huajia Jin
- Shanghai Zhonghua Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd.; Shanghai 200052 China
| | - Rong Shi
- Department of Pharmacology; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Pharmacology; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Jiasheng Wu
- Department of Pharmacology; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Yifei Li
- Department of Pharmacology; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Li Zhu
- Shanghai Zhonghua Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd.; Shanghai 200052 China
| | - Yueming Ma
- Department of Pharmacology; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Shanghai 201203 China
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Xiao F, Yan B, Chen L, Zhou D. Review of the use of botanicals for epilepsy in complementary medical systems--Traditional Chinese Medicine. Epilepsy Behav 2015; 52:281-9. [PMID: 26052078 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2015.04.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2015] [Revised: 04/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In traditional Chinese medicine, botanical remedies have been used for centuries to treat seizures. This review aimed to summarize the botanicals that have been used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat epilepsy. We searched Chinese online databases to determine the botanicals used for epilepsy in traditional Chinese medicine and identified articles using a preset search syntax and inclusion criteria of each botanical in the PubMed database to explore their potential mechanisms. Twenty-three botanicals were identified to treat epilepsy in traditional Chinese medicine. The pharmacological mechanisms of each botanical related to antiepileptic activity, which were mainly examined in animal models, were reviewed. We discuss the use and current trends of botanical treatments in China and highlight the limitations of botanical epilepsy treatments. A substantial number of these types of botanicals would be good candidates for the development of novel AEDs. More rigorous clinical trials of botanicals in traditional Chinese medicine for epilepsy treatment are encouraged in the future. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Botanicals for Epilepsy".
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenglai Xiao
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041 Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Yan
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041 Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041 Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Zhou
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041 Chengdu, People's Republic of China.
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Hosseinzadeh H, Nassiri-Asl M. Pharmacological Effects of Glycyrrhiza spp. and Its Bioactive Constituents: Update and Review. Phytother Res 2015; 29:1868-86. [PMID: 26462981 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Revised: 07/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The roots and rhizomes of various species of the perennial herb licorice (Glycyrrhiza) are used in traditional medicine for the treatment of several diseases. In experimental and clinical studies, licorice has been shown to have several pharmacological properties including antiinflammatory, antiviral, antimicrobial, antioxidative, antidiabetic, antiasthma, and anticancer activities as well as immunomodulatory, gastroprotective, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, and cardioprotective effects. In recent years, several of the biochemical, molecular, and cellular mechanisms of licorice and its active components have also been demonstrated in experimental studies. In this review, we summarized the new phytochemical, pharmacological, and toxicological data from recent experimental and clinical studies of licorice and its bioactive constituents after our previous published review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Marjan Nassiri-Asl
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 341197-5981, Qazvin, Iran
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Li H, Ye M, Zhang Y, Huang M, Xu W, Chu K, Chen L, Que J. Blood-brain barrier permeability of Gualou Guizhi granules and neuroprotective effects in ischemia/reperfusion injury. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:1272-8. [PMID: 25815607 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to estimate the blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability of Gualou Guizhi granules (GLGZG) in normal rats and in rat models of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, and to examine the neuroprotective effects of GLGZG. A sensitive high‑performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight-mass spectrometry analytical method was developed to determinate the components of GLGZG in the plasma and brain tissue. Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in rats served as a model of in vivo I/R. Citrulline, gallic acid, albiflorin, peoniflorin, liquiritin apioside, liquiritin, isoliquiritin apioside, isoliquiritin, liquiritigenin, isoliquiritigenin and glycyrrhizinic acid rapidly passed into the bloodstream. Citrulline, albiflorin, peoniflorin, liquiritin apioside, liquiritin, liquiritigenin, isoliquiritigenin and glycyrrhizinic acid also passed the BBB and reached the brain tissue of MCAO rats, while isoliquiritigenin and glycyrrhizinic acid were not detected in the brain tissue of the normal rats. The potential neuroprotective effect of GLGZG was determined in MCAO rats. The intragastric administration of GLGZG following reperfusion of rats for 2 h decreased the neurological defects and infarction volume, attenuated pathological changes of brain tissue and exerted a significant protective effect in cerebral ischemia injury. In conclusion, certain components of GLGZG passed through the BBB, particularly following cerebral ischemia injury, and this may be therapeutically effective for the treatment of cerebral ischemia injury in the human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huang Li
- Pharmacy College, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Miao Ye
- Centre of Biomedical Research and Development, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Yuqin Zhang
- Pharmacy College, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Mingqing Huang
- Pharmacy College, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Wei Xu
- Pharmacy College, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Kedan Chu
- Pharmacy College, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Lidian Chen
- Rehabilitation Medicine College, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Jinhua Que
- Pharmacy College, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
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Zhang Y, Li H, Huang M, Chu K, Xu W, Zhang S, Que J, Chen L. Neuroprotective effects of Gualou Guizhi decoction in vivo and in vitro. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 158 Pt A:76-84. [PMID: 25456424 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Revised: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Gualou Guizhi decoction (GLGZD) prescribed in traditional Chinese medicine has been reported to have protective effects on ischemic stroke. The present study is to investigate the therapeutic effect of GLGZD on ischemic stroke and explore its mode of action. MATERIALS AND METHODS GLGZD was studied on transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) followed by reperfusion in vivo, as well as on hippocampal primary neuron cultures in vitro. RESULTS In vivo, it was shown that GLGZD treatment for 7 days could ameliorate transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO)-induced neurological deficit, histopathology changes and decrease infarct area. Further study demonstrated that GLGZD inhibited over-activation of astrocytes and apoptosis of neurons and GLGZD promoted up-regulation of neuronal specific marker neuron-specific nuclear (NeuN) and microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP-2) in brain. Moreover, the in vitro study revealed that GLGZD treatment protected against NMDA-induced cell apoptosis and neuronal loss, and promoted up-regulation of neuronal specific marker NeuN. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, the present study demonstrates that GLGZD produces a protection in the MCAO model rats via inhibiting over-activation of astrocytes, apoptosis of neurons and up-regulation of neuronal specific marker NeuN and MAP-2. Our study reveals that GLGZD might be a potential neuroprotective agent for stroke and can provide basic data for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqin Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian, Fuzhou 350122, PR China; Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, PR China
| | - Huang Li
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian, Fuzhou 350122, PR China
| | - Mei Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian, Fuzhou 350122, PR China
| | - Kedan Chu
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian, Fuzhou 350122, PR China
| | - Wei Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian, Fuzhou 350122, PR China.
| | | | - Jinhua Que
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian, Fuzhou 350122, PR China
| | - Lidian Chen
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, PR China.
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CHEN H, SHI YY, WEI ML, LIU WY, FENG F. Chemical profile of the active fraction of Yi-Gan San by HPLC-DAD-Q-TOF-MS and its neuroprotective effect against glutamate-induced cytotoxicity. Chin J Nat Med 2014; 12:869-80. [DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(14)60130-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Tabassum R, Vaibhav K, Shrivastava P, Khan A, Ahmed ME, Ashafaq M, Khan MB, Islam F, Safhi MM, Islam F. Perillyl alcohol improves functional and histological outcomes against ischemia-reperfusion injury by attenuation of oxidative stress and repression of COX-2, NOS-2 and NF-κB in middle cerebral artery occlusion rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 747:190-9. [PMID: 25240714 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Revised: 09/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Perillyl alcohol (PA) is a monoterpene found in essential oils of mints, cherries, citreous fruits and lemon grass, reported to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. However, the role of PA in stroke is still illusive. Since oxidative stress and inflammation play a pivotal role in ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) injury, this study was designed to elucidate the potential effects of PA against I-R induced pathology in rat׳s brain. Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 2h followed by 22h reperfusion in Wistar male rats (250-280g, 14-16 weeks old) induced the behavioral and histological alterations along with exhausted antioxidant status and enhanced inflammatory mediators. However, PA administration (25, 50 and 100mg/kg b.wt orally once daily for 7 days) prior to MCAO significantly attenuated neurological deficits related to flexion test and spontaneous motor activity, improved grip strength and motor coordination in a dose dependent manner. PA treatment also inhibited oxidative stress in MCAO rats as evident from decreased lipid peroxidation and augmented level of reduced glutathione and restored activities of catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase and thus, reduced infarct volume and protected the brain histology after I-R injury. Furthermore, PA markedly suppressed the level of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF α and IL-6) and down regulated expressions of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS-2) and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) in MCAO group. In conclusion, PA mediates neuroprotection against I-R injury via mitigation of oxidative stress and inflammation and thus, may be a good therapeutic approach in stroke prone patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizwana Tabassum
- Neurotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Medical Elementology & Toxicology (DST-FIST and UGC-SAP-BSR funded department), Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Kumar Vaibhav
- Neurotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Medical Elementology & Toxicology (DST-FIST and UGC-SAP-BSR funded department), Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Pallavi Shrivastava
- Neurotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Medical Elementology & Toxicology (DST-FIST and UGC-SAP-BSR funded department), Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Andleeb Khan
- Neurotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Medical Elementology & Toxicology (DST-FIST and UGC-SAP-BSR funded department), Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Mohd Ejaz Ahmed
- Neurotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Medical Elementology & Toxicology (DST-FIST and UGC-SAP-BSR funded department), Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Mohammad Ashafaq
- Neurotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Medical Elementology & Toxicology (DST-FIST and UGC-SAP-BSR funded department), Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - M Badruzzaman Khan
- Neurotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Medical Elementology & Toxicology (DST-FIST and UGC-SAP-BSR funded department), Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Farah Islam
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Mohammed M Safhi
- Neuroscience and Toxicology Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Fakhrul Islam
- Neurotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Medical Elementology & Toxicology (DST-FIST and UGC-SAP-BSR funded department), Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062, India.
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Zeng LH, Zhang HD, Xu CJ, Bian YJ, Xu XJ, Xie QM, Zhang RH. Neuroprotective effects of flavonoids extracted from licorice on kainate-induced seizure in mice through their antioxidant properties. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2014; 14:1004-12. [PMID: 24190446 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1300138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A relationship between status epilepticus (SE) and oxidative stress has recently begun to be recognized. To explore whether the flavonoids extracted from licorice (LFs) have any protective effect on kainate (KA)-induced seizure in mice, we treated mice with LFs before and after KA injection. In KA-treated mice, we found that superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity decreased immediately after the onset of seizure at 1 h and then increased at 6 h. It returned to baseline 1 d after seizure and then increased again at 3, 7, and 28 d, while malondialdehyde (MDA) content remained at a high level at 1 h, 6 h, 3 d, 7 d, and 28 d, indicating a more oxidized status related to the presence of more reactive oxygen species (ROS). Treatment with LFs before KA injection reversed the seizure-induced change in SOD activity and MDA content at 1 h, 6 h, 3 d, 7 d, and 28 d. Treatment with LFs after seizure decreased KA-induced SOD activity and MDA content at 7 and 28 d. Also, LF pre- and post-KA treatments decreased seizure-induced neuronal cell death. Subsequently, Morris water maze tests revealed that the escape latency was significantly decreased and the number of target quadrant crossings was markedly increased in the LF-treated groups. Thus, our data indicate that LFs have protective effects on seizure-induced neuronal cell death and cognitive impairment through their anti-oxidative effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-hui Zeng
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou 310015, China; Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Song E, Fu J, Xia X, Su C, Song Y. Bazhen decoction protects against acetaminophen induced acute liver injury by inhibiting oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis in mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107405. [PMID: 25222049 PMCID: PMC4164650 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 08/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Bazhen decoction is a widely used traditional Chinese medicinal decoction, but the scientific validation of its therapeutic potential is lacking. The objective of this study was to investigate corresponding anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptosis activities of Bazhen decoction, using acetaminophen-treated mice as a model system. A total of 48 mice were divided into four groups. Group I, negative control, treated with vehicle only. Group II, fed with 500 mg/kg/day Bazhen decoction for 10 continuous days. Group III, received a single dose of 900 mg/kg acetaminophen. Group IV, fed with 500 mg/kg/day Bazhen decoction for 10 continuous days and a single dose of 900 mg/kg acetaminophen 30 min before last Bazhen decoction administration. Bazhen decoction administration significantly decrease acetaminophen-induced serum ALT, AST, ALP, LDH, TNF-α, IL-1β, ROS, TBARS and protein carbonyl group levels, as well as GSH depletion and loss of MMP. Bazhen decoction restore SOD, CAT, GR and GPx activities and depress the expression of pro-inflammatory factors, such as iNOS, COX-2, TNF-α, NF-κB, IL-1β and IL-6, respectively. Moreover, Bazhen decoction down-regulate acetaminophen-induced Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, caspase 3, caspase 8 and caspase 9. These results suggest the anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptosis properties of Bazhen decoction towards acetaminophen-induced liver injury in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erqun Song
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Ministry of Education), College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Juanli Fu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Ministry of Education), College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomin Xia
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Ministry of Education), College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanyang Su
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Ministry of Education), College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Song
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Ministry of Education), College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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Tu Q, Cao H, Zhong W, Ding B, Tang X. Atorvastatin protects against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury through anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Neural Regen Res 2014; 9:268-75. [PMID: 25206811 PMCID: PMC4146150 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.128220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In addition to its lipid-lowering effect, atorvastatin exerts anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects as well. In this study, we hypothesized that atorvastatin could protect against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. The middle cerebral artery ischemia/reperfusion model was established, and atorvastatin, 6.5 mg/kg, was administered by gavage. We found that, after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury, levels of the inflammation-related factors E-selectin and myeloperoxidase were upregulated, the oxidative stress-related marker malondialdehyde was increased, and superoxide dismutase activity was decreased in the ischemic cerebral cortex. Atorvastatin pretreatment significantly inhibited these changes. Our findings indicate that atorvastatin protects against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury through anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyun Tu
- Department of Geriatrics, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Hui Cao
- Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Wei Zhong
- Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Binrong Ding
- Department of Geriatrics, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xiangqi Tang
- Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
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Khosravi I, Sahihi M. Computational Studies on the Interaction of Arctiin and Liquiritin With β-lactoglobulin. J MACROMOL SCI B 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/00222348.2014.946844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Simultaneous determination of puerarin, daidzin, daidzein, paeoniflorin, albiflorin, liquiritin and liquiritigenin in rat plasma and its application to a pharmacokinetic study of Ge-Gen Decoction by a liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2014; 95:76-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2014.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Revised: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Teng L, Meng Q, Lu J, Xie J, Wang Z, Liu Y, Wang D. Liquiritin modulates ERK‑ and AKT/GSK‑3β‑dependent pathways to protect against glutamate‑induced cell damage in differentiated PC12 cells. Mol Med Rep 2014; 10:818-24. [PMID: 24888902 PMCID: PMC4094771 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutamate has a key role in the neuronal cell damage associated with Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Liquiritin (LQ), a major constituent of Glycyrrhiza Radix, possesses various pharmacological activities. The present study investigated the neuroprotective effect of LQ against glutamate‑induced cell damage in the differentiated PC12 (DPC12) rat pheochromocytoma cell line. Pretreatment with 25 and 50 µM LQ for 3 h resulted in a significant increase in cell viability and inhibited excessive lactate dehydrogenase release in glutamate‑exposed DPC12 cells. LQ also ameliorated glutamate‑induced nuclear and mitochondrial apoptotic alterations, intracellular calcium overload and the abnormal expression of apoptosis‑related proteins, including cytochrome c, B‑cell lymphoma (Bcl)‑2 and Bcl2‑associated X protein. Treatment with LQ alone or in combination with glutamate was found to enhance the phosphoactivation of extracellular signal‑regulated kinases (ERKs), AKT and its downstream element glycogen synthase kinase‑3β (GSK3β), in a time‑dependent manner. However, no effect was observed on the expression of total‑ERKs, ‑AKT and ‑GSK3β. Furthermore, pre‑incubation with 10 µM PD98059 or LY94002, inhibitors of ERK and phosphatidylinositide 3‑kinase, respectively, for 30 min significantly suppressed the LQ‑induced increase in glutamate‑exposed DPC12 cell viability. To the best of our knowledge, the present study provides the first experimental evidence that LQ has a neuroprotective effect against glutamate toxicity in DPC12 cells, predominantly through the ERK and AKT/GSK‑3β pathways. Therefore, LQ may have potential for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesheng Teng
- College of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
| | - Qingfan Meng
- College of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
| | - Jiahui Lu
- College of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
| | - Jing Xie
- College of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
| | - Zhenzuo Wang
- College of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
| | - Yan Liu
- College of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
| | - Di Wang
- College of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
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Fujii S, Morinaga O, Uto T, Nomura S, Shoyama Y. Development of a monoclonal antibody-based immunochemical assay for liquiritin and its application to the quality control of licorice products. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:3377-3383. [PMID: 24621071 DOI: 10.1021/jf404731z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Liquiritin was reacted with a keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) to synthesize a liquiritin-KLH conjugate as an immunogen for mice. A hybridoma cell line named 2F8 secreted a monoclonal antibody (mAb) against liquiritin, which was applied to an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for liquiritin. ELISA showed a good linear range from 0.39 to 25 μg/mL of liquiritin. The maximum relative standard deviation (RSD) values for the intra-assay and interassay were approximately 5%. The recovery rates of liquiritin were in the range of 100.9-103.7%, and the concentrations of liquiritin in various licorice roots, as determined by ELISA, showed a good correlation with those analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC; R² = 0.948). These results suggested that ELISA with anti-liquiritin mAb could be a simple, rapid, convenient, and accurate method for the high-throughput analysis of liquiritin in various licorice products including liqueurs, sweets, and food supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Fujii
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Health Management, and ‡Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University , 2825-7 Huis Ten Bosch, Sasebo 859-3298 Japan
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Kao TC, Wu CH, Yen GC. Bioactivity and potential health benefits of licorice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:542-53. [PMID: 24377378 DOI: 10.1021/jf404939f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Licorice is an herbal plant named for its unique sweet flavor. It is widely used in the food and tobacco industries as a sweetener. Licorice is also used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and complementary medicine. Because the use of licorice has long been a part of TCM, the details of its therapeutic applications have been thoroughly established. In modern science, licorice is of interest because of its broad range of applications. Extracts of and compounds isolated from licorice have been well studied and biologically characterized. In this review, we discuss the nutraceutical and functional activities of licorice as well as those of the extracts of and the isolated compounds from licorice, including agents with anti-inflammatory activity, cell-protective abilities, and chemopreventive effects. The side effects of licorice are also enumerated. A comparison of the activities of licorice described by modern science and TCM is also presented, revealing the correspondence of certain characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Chien Kao
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University , 250 Kuokuang Road, Taichung 402, Taiwan
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Yang EJ, Park GH, Song KS. Neuroprotective effects of liquiritigenin isolated from licorice roots on glutamate-induced apoptosis in hippocampal neuronal cells. Neurotoxicology 2013; 39:114-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2013.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Revised: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Kanno H, Kawakami Z, Iizuka S, Tabuchi M, Mizoguchi K, Ikarashi Y, Kase Y. Glycyrrhiza and Uncaria Hook contribute to protective effect of traditional Japanese medicine yokukansan against amyloid β oligomer-induced neuronal death. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 149:360-370. [PMID: 23838475 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.06.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Revised: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 06/30/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Yokukansan, a traditional Japanese (Kampo) medicine, composed of seven medicinal herbs has been traditionally used to treat neurosis, insomnia, and night crying and irritability in children. Recently, this medicine has been reported to improve the behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) that often become problematic in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). AIM OF THE STUDY Amyloid β (Aβ) oligomers, which are extremely toxic to neurons, are involved in neurodegeneration in AD. In animals, yokukansan has been proven to improve memory impairments and BPSD-like behavior in transgenic mice overexpressing amyloid precursor protein and mice intracerebroventricularly injected with Aβ oligomers. These results suggest that yokukansan is potentially able to reduce the neurotoxicity of Aβ oligomers. Therefore, the present study aimed to explore the improving effects brought by yokukansan that consists of seven herbs for Aβ oligomer-induced neurotoxicity in vitro and to identify the candidate herbs in yokukansan's action. MATERIALS AND METHODS Primary cultured rat cortical neurons were used. Neurotoxicity induced by Aβ oligomers (3µM) and improving effects of yokukansan (300-1000 µg/mL) and its constituent herbs were evaluated in MTT assay, DNA fragmentation analysis, and electron microscopic analysis at 48h after treatment with Aβ oligomers and drugs. Moreover, changes in expression of genes related to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and in caspase-3 activity that is the enzyme closely related to apoptosis were analyzed to investigate the underlying mechanisms. RESULTS Yokukansan ameliorated Aβ oligomer-induced neuronal damage in a dose-dependent manner in the MTT assay. This drug also suppressed DNA fragmentation caused by Aβ oligomers. Electron microscopic analysis suggested that yokukansan reduced karyopyknosis and the expansion of rough ER caused by Aβ oligomers. However, neither Aβ oligomers nor yokukansan affected the mRNA expression of any ER stress-related genes, including CHOP and GRP78. On the other hand, yokukansan dose-dependently suppressed Aβ oligomer-induced activation of caspase-3. Among the seven constituents of yokukansan, Glycyrrhiza and Uncaria Hook (60-200 µg/mL) suppressed Aβ oligomer-induced neuronal damage, DNA fragmentation, karyopyknosis, and caspase-3 activation to almost the same extent as yokukansan. CONCLUSIONS The present results suggest that yokukansan possesses an ameliorative effect against Aβ oligomer-induced neuronal apoptosis through the suppression of caspase-3 activation. Glycyrrhiza and Uncaria Hook may, at least in part, contribute to the neuroprotective effect of yokukansan. These mechanisms may underlie the improving effects of yokukansan on memory impairment and BPSD-like behaviors induced by Aβ oligomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitomi Kanno
- Tsumura Research Laboratories, Kampo Scientific Strategies Division, Tsumura & Co., 3586 Yoshiwara, Ami-machi, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki 300-1192, Japan.
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Gao J, Inagaki Y, Liu Y. Research progress on flavonoids isolated from traditional Chinese medicine in treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Intractable Rare Dis Res 2013; 2:3-10. [PMID: 25343094 PMCID: PMC4204571 DOI: 10.5582/irdr.2013.v2.1.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Revised: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a severe condition in aging countries. The currently used drugs including donepezil, rivastigmine, galantamine, and memantine are effective in managing the symptoms. However, they are hardly capable of preventing, halting, or reversing the disease. In the long history of development of traditional Chinese medicine, much experience has accumulated and is summarized in treatment of diseases that correspond to the concept of AD. In recent years, exploration of natural active ingredients from medicinal herbs for treatment of AD has attracted substantial attention. Some flavonoids have been revealed to have a variety of biological actions such as scavenging free radicals, inhibiting neuron apoptosis, and nurturing neuronal cells that constitute the basis for treatment of AD. In this article, we review recent research progress on flavonoids isolated from traditional Chinese medicine against AD and their underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Gao
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Address correspondence to: Dr. Jianjun Gao, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. E-mail:
| | - Yoshinori Inagaki
- The Laboratory of Microbiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Anesthesia, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
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Liquiritin attenuates advanced glycation end products-induced endothelial dysfunction via RAGE/NF-κB pathway in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2012; 374:191-201. [PMID: 23229233 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-012-1519-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2012] [Accepted: 11/07/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs)-induced vasculopathy, including oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis responses, contributes to the high morbidity and mortality of coronary artery diseases in diabetic patients. The present study was conducted to evaluate the protective activity of liquiritin (Liq) on AGEs-induced endothelial dysfunction and explore its underlying mechanisms. After pretreatment with Liq, a significant reduction in AGEs-induced apoptosis, as well as reactive oxygen species generation and malondialdehyde level in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were observed via acridine orange/ethidium bromide fluorescence staining test. Notably, Liq also significantly increased AGEs-reduced superoxide dismutase activity. Furthermore, the pretreatment with receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE)-antibody or Liq remarkably down-regulated TGF-beta1 and RAGE protein expressions and significantly blocked NF-κB activation which were proved by immunocytochemistry or immunofluorescence assays. These results indicated that Liq held potential for the protection on AGEs-induced endothelial dysfunction via RAGE/NF-κB pathway in HUVECs and might be a promising agent for the treatment of vasculopathy in diabetic patients.
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Guo B, Fan XR, Fang ZZ, Cao YF, Hu CM, Yang J, Zhang YY, He RR, Zhu X, Yu ZW, Sun XY, Hong M, Yang L. Deglycosylation of Liquiritin Strongly Enhances its Inhibitory Potential Towards UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) Isoforms. Phytother Res 2012; 27:1232-6. [PMID: 23065713 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.4855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2012] [Revised: 08/29/2012] [Accepted: 09/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Guo
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University; Jinzhou; 121001; China
| | - Xu-Ran Fan
- Joint Center for Translational Medicine; Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences and The first Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University; No.457, Zhongshan Road; Dalian; 116023; China
| | | | - Yun-Feng Cao
- Joint Center for Translational Medicine; Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences and The first Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University; No.457, Zhongshan Road; Dalian; 116023; China
| | - Cui-Min Hu
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research; National Cancer Institute; Bethesda; Maryland; 20892; USA
| | - Julin Yang
- Ningbo College of Health Sciences; Ningbo; 315100; China
| | - Yan-Yan Zhang
- Joint Center for Translational Medicine; Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences and The first Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University; No.457, Zhongshan Road; Dalian; 116023; China
| | - Rong-Rong He
- Pharmacy College; Jinan University; Guangzhou; 510632; China
| | - Xu Zhu
- Joint Center for Translational Medicine; Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences and The first Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University; No.457, Zhongshan Road; Dalian; 116023; China
| | - Zhen-Wen Yu
- Joint Center for Translational Medicine; Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences and The first Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University; No.457, Zhongshan Road; Dalian; 116023; China
| | - Xiao-Yu Sun
- Joint Center for Translational Medicine; Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences and The first Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University; No.457, Zhongshan Road; Dalian; 116023; China
| | - Mo Hong
- Joint Center for Translational Medicine; Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences and The first Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University; No.457, Zhongshan Road; Dalian; 116023; China
| | - Lu Yang
- Joint Center for Translational Medicine; Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences and The first Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University; No.457, Zhongshan Road; Dalian; 116023; China
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Inhibitory effects of glycyrrhizae radix and its active component, isoliquiritigenin, on Aβ(25–35)-induced neurotoxicity in cultured rat cortical neurons. Arch Pharm Res 2012; 35:897-904. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-012-0515-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2011] [Revised: 11/22/2011] [Accepted: 12/05/2011] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Shin IS, Seo CS, Lee MY, Ha HK, Huh JI, Shin HK. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of the genotoxicity of Gumiganghwal-tang, a traditional herbal prescription. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 141:350-356. [PMID: 22414481 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2011] [Revised: 01/17/2012] [Accepted: 02/24/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Gumiganghwal-tang (GGT, known as Kumi-Kyokatsu-to in Japanese) is a traditional herbal prescription made from nine different herbs that is used for the treatment of the common cold, pain, and inflammatory diseases. AIM OF THE STUDY This study evaluated the potential genotoxicity of an aqueous GGT extract using three standard battery of tests as part of a safety evaluation. MATERIALS AND METHODS We prepared GGT using a water extraction method and subsequently extracted six compounds from GGT by high performance liquid chromatography. GGT extract genotoxicity was assayed using three standard tests including the in vitro bacterial reverse mutation test, the in vitro chromosomal aberration test with Chinese hamster lung cells, and the in vivo micronucleus test using ICR mouse bone marrow recommended by the Korean Food and Drug Administration. RESULTS The bacterial reverse mutation assay showed that GGT extract doses ranging from 333.3 up to 5000mg/plate induced a greater than 2-fold increase in the number of revertant TA1537 strain colonies exhibiting metabolic activation (with S-9 mix), when compared with the vehicle control. The chromosomal aberration test showed that GGT extract induced an increase in the number of chromosomal aberrations after treatment for 6h with the S-9 mix and 22h without the S-9 mix, when compared with vehicle control. In contrast, the micronucleus test showed that GGT extract did not significantly increase the number of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCEs) in ICR mouse bone marrow. CONCLUSIONS Based on these results, it was concluded that GGT extract acted as a genotoxic material in our experimental conditions. We did not identify the compounds responsible for the induction of genotoxic effects, but it was significant that we provided a basic genotoxicity profile for GGT.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Sik Shin
- Basic Herbal Medicine Research Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine,1672 Yuseongdae-ro, Yusung-gu, Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea
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Lin X, Yu S, Chen Y, Wu J, Zhao J, Zhao Y. Neuroprotective effects of diallyl sulfide against transient focal cerebral ischemia via anti-apoptosis in rats. Neurol Res 2012; 34:32-7. [PMID: 22196859 DOI: 10.1179/1743132811y.0000000054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Diallyl sulfide (DAS) is the main organosulfur component of garlic and it is known for multiple pharmacological actions. Recent studies have demonstrated that DAS has neuroprotective effects against ischemia/reperfusion injury. While some of the possible mechanisms behind this protection have been explored, its ability to inhibit apoptosis has yet to be fully explained. In the present study, the effects of DAS on focal cerebral ischemia in rats were tested and its anti-apoptotic action was explored. METHODS To examine the protective effects of DAS, focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion was induced in rats by transient middle cerebral artery occlusion for 2 hours followed by reperfusion for 24 hours. The animals received DAS in quantities of 100, 150, and 200 mg/kg (intraperitoneal; every day), for 7 days before transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. The neurological score and infarct volume were measured at 24 hours after the end of reperfusion. Apoptotic cells were counted by terminal dUTP nick end labeling staining and apoptotic mechanisms were studied by fluorescence immunohistochemistry staining and western blot analysis. RESULTS For animals with induced ischemia/reperfusion, those pretreated with 200 mg/kg DAS showed an infarct volume (22.36 ± 0.67%) significantly lower than that of the non-treated ischemia/reperfusion group (38.23 ± 0.72%), and the percentage of terminal dUTP nick-end labeling-positive cells (23.46 ± 1.02%) of the DAS-pretreated group was also significantly decreased compared to non-treated (36.41 ± 1.58%). Fluorescence immunohistochemistry staining and western blot analysis indicated that DAS reduced caspase-3 expression and increased Bcl-2 expression. CONCLUSION These results suggest that the mechanism by which DAS protects the brain from ischemia/reperfusion injury is related to its anti-apoptotic effects in part.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Lin
- Department of Pathology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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