51
|
Qi HY, Li L, Ma H. Cellular stress response mechanisms as therapeutic targets of ginsenosides. Med Res Rev 2017; 38:625-654. [DOI: 10.1002/med.21450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-yi Qi
- College of Chinese Medicine; Southwest University; Chongqing P.R. China
| | - Li Li
- College of Chinese Medicine; Southwest University; Chongqing P.R. China
| | - Hui Ma
- College of Chinese Medicine; Southwest University; Chongqing P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Yang JS, Lu CC, Kuo SC, Hsu YM, Tsai SC, Chen SY, Chen YT, Lin YJ, Huang YC, Chen CJ, Lin WD, Liao WL, Lin WY, Liu YH, Sheu JC, Tsai FJ. Autophagy and its link to type II diabetes mellitus. Biomedicine (Taipei) 2017; 7:8. [PMID: 28612706 PMCID: PMC5479440 DOI: 10.1051/bmdcn/2017070201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy, a double-edged sword for cell survival, is the research object on 2016 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. Autophagy is a molecular mechanism for maintaining cellular physiology and promoting survival. Defects in autophagy lead to the etiology of many diseases, including diabetes mellitus (DM), cancer, neurodegeneration, infection disease and aging. DM is a metabolic and chronic disorder and has a higher prevalence in the world as well as in Taiwan. The character of diabetes mellitus is hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by insulin resistance and failure of producing insulin on pancreatic beta cells. In T2DM, autophagy is not only providing nutrients to maintain cellular energy during fasting, but also removes damaged organelles, lipids and miss-folded proteins. In addition, autophagy plays an important role in pancreatic beta cell dysfunction and insulin resistance. In this review, we summarize the roles of autophagy in T2DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jai-Sing Yang
-
Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University Taichung
404 Taiwan
| | - Chi-Cheng Lu
-
Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University Taichung
404 Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Chu Kuo
-
School of Pharmacy, China Medical University Taichung
404 Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Man Hsu
-
Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University Taichung
404 Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chang Tsai
-
Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University Taichung
404 Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yin Chen
-
Genetics Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital Taichung
404 Taiwan
-
School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Taichung
404 Taiwan
| | - Yng-Tay Chen
-
Genetics Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital Taichung
404 Taiwan
-
School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Taichung
404 Taiwan
| | - Ying-Ju Lin
-
Genetics Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital Taichung
404 Taiwan
-
School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Taichung
404 Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chuen Huang
-
Genetics Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital Taichung
404 Taiwan
-
School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Taichung
404 Taiwan
| | - Chao-Jung Chen
-
Genetics Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital Taichung
404 Taiwan
-
School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Taichung
404 Taiwan
| | - Wei-De Lin
-
Genetics Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital Taichung
404 Taiwan
-
School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Taichung
404 Taiwan
| | - Wen-Lin Liao
-
Genetics Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital Taichung
404 Taiwan
-
School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Taichung
404 Taiwan
| | - Wei-Yong Lin
-
Genetics Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital Taichung
404 Taiwan
-
School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Taichung
404 Taiwan
| | - Yu-Huei Liu
-
Genetics Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital Taichung
404 Taiwan
-
School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Taichung
404 Taiwan
| | - Jinn-Chyuan Sheu
-
Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University Kaohsiung
804 Taiwan
| | - Fuu-Jen Tsai
-
Genetics Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital Taichung
404 Taiwan
-
School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Taichung
404 Taiwan
-
Department of Medical Genetics, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University Taichung
404 Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Kolosenko I, Avnet S, Baldini N, Viklund J, De Milito A. Therapeutic implications of tumor interstitial acidification. Semin Cancer Biol 2017; 43:119-133. [PMID: 28188829 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Interstitial acidification is a hallmark of solid tumor tissues resulting from the combination of different factors, including cellular buffering systems, defective tissue perfusion and high rates of cellular metabolism. Besides contributing to tumor pathogenesis and promoting tumor progression, tumor acidosis constitutes an important intrinsic and extrinsic mechanism modulating therapy sensitivity and drug resistance. In fact, pharmacological properties of anticancer drugs can be affected not only by tissue structure and organization but also by the distribution of the interstitial tumor pH. The acidic tumor environment is believed to create a chemical barrier that limits the effects and activity of many anticancer drugs. In this review article we will discuss the general protumorigenic effects of acidosis, the role of tumor acidosis in the modulation of therapeutic efficacy and potential strategies to overcome pH-dependent therapy-resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iryna Kolosenko
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sofia Avnet
- Orthopaedic Pathophysiology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Nicola Baldini
- Orthopaedic Pathophysiology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Angelo De Milito
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Radwan SM, Hamdy NM, Hegab HM, El-Mesallamy HO. Beclin-1 and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α genes expression: Potential biomarkers in acute leukemia patients. Cancer Biomark 2017; 16:619-26. [PMID: 27002764 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-160603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Beclin-1, an important autophagic gene, and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), the master regulator of the hypoxic response, are reported in several human cancers. However, their expressions in acute leukemia haven't yet been well investigated. OBJECTIVE This study was designed to investigate the gene expression of beclin-1, microtubule-associated protein-1 light chain-3B (MAB1LC3B), the anti-apoptotic marker Bcl-2, and HIF-1α, as well as to evaluate the relationship between their expressions profile and prognosis in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) adult patients. METHODS The study involved 30 AML patients, 25 ALL patients, and 20 controls. Gene expression was analyzed using quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (QRT-PCR). RESULTS In both AML and ALL groups, beclin-1 and MAB1LC3B expressions were significantly down-regulated (p < 0.001), while HIF-1α (p < 0.01) and Bcl-2 (p < 0.001) expressions were significantly up-regulated compared to the control group. HIF-1α fold expression was significantly negatively correlated with beclin-1 (p < 0.01). Moreover, decreased beclin-1 gene expression and increased HIF-1α gene expression were both associated with poor survival, supporting their pivotal role in the development and progression of acute leukemia. CONCLUSIONS Both Beclin-1 and HIF-1α could be considered as important biomarkers determinants of pathogenesis and survival in acute leukemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara M Radwan
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nadia M Hamdy
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hany M Hegab
- Department of Internal Medicine-Clinical Hematology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hala O El-Mesallamy
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Gulati A. Endothelin Receptors, Mitochondria and Neurogenesis in Cerebral Ischemia. Curr Neuropharmacol 2017; 14:619-26. [PMID: 26786146 PMCID: PMC4981738 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x14666160119094959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Neurogenesis is most active during pre-natal development, however, it persists throughout the human lifespan. The putative role of mitochondria in neurogenesis and angiogenesis is gaining importance. Since, ETB receptor mediated neurogenesis and angiogenesis has been identified, the role of these receptors with relevance to mitochondrial functions is of interest. Methods: In addition to work from our laboratory, we undertook an extensive search of bibliographic databases for peer-reviewed research literature. Specific technical terms such as endothelin, mitochondria and neurogenesis were used to seek out and critically evaluate literature that was relevant. Results: The ET family consists of three isopeptides (ET-1, ET-2 and ET-3) that produce biological actions by acting on two types of receptors (ETA and ETB). In the central nervous system (CNS) ETA receptors are potent constrictors of the cerebral vasculature and appear to contribute in the causation of cerebral ischemia. ETA receptor antagonists have been found to be effective in animal model of cerebral ischemia; however, clinical studies have shown no efficacy. Mitochondrial functions are critically important for several neural development processes such as neurogenesis, axonal and dendritic growth, and synaptic formation. ET appears to impair mitochondrial functions through activation of ETA receptors. On the other hand, blocking ETB receptors has been shown to trigger apoptotic processes by activating intrinsic mitochondrial pathway. Mitochondria are important for their role in molecular regulation of neurogenesis and angiogenesis. Stimulation of ETB receptors in the adult ischemic brain has been found to promote angiogenesis and neurogenesis mediated through vascular endothelial growth factor and nerve growth factor. It will be interesting to investigate the effect of ETB receptor stimulation on mitochondrial functions in the CNS following cerebral ischemia. Conclusion: The findings of this review implicate brain ETB receptors in angiogenesis and neurogenesis following cerebral ischemia, it is possible that the positive effect of stimulating ETB receptors in cerebral ischemia may be mediated through mitochondrial functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anil Gulati
- Chicago College of Pharmacy, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL 60515-1235.
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Petibone DM, Majeed W, Casciano DA. Autophagy function and its relationship to pathology, clinical applications, drug metabolism and toxicity. J Appl Toxicol 2016; 37:23-37. [PMID: 27682190 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a cellular process that facilitates nutrient turnover and removal of expended macromolecules and organelles to maintain homeostasis. The recycling of cytosolic macromolecules and damaged organelles by autophagosomes occurs through the lysosomal degradation pathway. Autophagy can also be upregulated as a prosurvival pathway in response to stress stimuli such as starvation, hypoxia or cell damage. Over the last two decades, there has been a surge in research revealing the basic molecular mechanisms of autophagy in mammalian cells. A corollary of an advanced understanding of autophagy has been a concurrent expansion of research into understanding autophagic function and dysfunction in pathology. Recent studies have revealed a pivotal role for autophagy in drug toxicity, and for utilizing autophagic components as diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets in treating disease and cancer. In this review, advances in understanding the molecular basis of mammalian autophagy, methods used to induce and evaluate autophagy, and the diverse interactions between autophagy and drug toxicity, disease progression and carcinogenesis are discussed. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dayton M Petibone
- National Center for Toxicological Research, US FDA, Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Waqar Majeed
- Center of Integrative Nanotechnology Sciences, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, AR, 72204, USA
| | - Daniel A Casciano
- Center of Integrative Nanotechnology Sciences, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, AR, 72204, USA
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Langer R, Streutker CJ, Swanson PE. Autophagy and its current relevance to the diagnosis and clinical management of esophageal diseases. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2016; 1381:113-121. [PMID: 27526024 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 06/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved cell survival program that degrades dysfunctional organelles and misfolded or long-lived proteins through the formation of lysosomes. Basal autophagy helps to maintain cellular homeostasis, while additional autophagy can be induced under cellular stress conditions. Autophagy has shown to be involved in a variety of diseases, such as inflammation, autoimmune diseases, degeneration, and cancer. We review the relevance of autophagy to the diagnosis and clinical management of esophageal diseases with the following questions in mind. What is autophagy and can/should we detect it in routine pathology specimens? What is the role of autophagy in gastroesophageal reflux disease/inflammatory esophageal disease? What role may autophagy play in the interaction between pro- and antiapoptotic pathways in esophageal malignancies and treatment?
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rupert Langer
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Catherine J Streutker
- Li Ka Shing Institute, St. Michael's Hospital and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Paul E Swanson
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Jeong SM, Hwang S, Park K, Yang S, Seong RH. Enhanced mitochondrial glutamine anaplerosis suppresses pancreatic cancer growth through autophagy inhibition. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30767. [PMID: 27477484 PMCID: PMC4967856 DOI: 10.1038/srep30767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells use precursors derived from tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle to support their unlimited growth. However, continuous export of TCA cycle intermediates results in the defect of mitochondrial integrity. Mitochondria glutamine metabolism plays an essential role for the maintenance of mitochondrial functions and its biosynthetic roles by refilling the mitochondrial carbon pool. Here we report that human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells have a distinct dependence on mitochondrial glutamine metabolism. Whereas glutamine flux into mitochondria contributes to proliferation of most cancer cells, enhanced glutamine anaplerosis results in a pronounced suppression of PDAC growth. A cell membrane permeable α-ketoglutarate analog or overexpression of glutamate dehydrogenase lead to decreased proliferation and increased apoptotic cell death in PDAC cells but not other cancer cells. We found that enhanced glutamine anaplerosis inhibits autophagy, required for tumorigenic growth of PDAC, by activating mammalian TORC1. Together, our results reveal that glutamine anaplerosis is a crucial regulator of growth and survival of PDAC cells, which may provide novel therapeutic approaches to treat these cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seung Min Jeong
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea.,Institute for Aging and Metabolic Diseases, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunsook Hwang
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungsoo Park
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungyeon Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea.,Institute for Aging and Metabolic Diseases, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Rho Hyun Seong
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Moon JY, Cho SK. Nobiletin Induces Protective Autophagy Accompanied by ER-Stress Mediated Apoptosis in Human Gastric Cancer SNU-16 Cells. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21070914. [PMID: 27428937 PMCID: PMC6272843 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21070914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Nobiletin, a major component of citrus fruits, is a polymethoxyflavone derivative that exhibits anticancer activity against several forms of cancer, including SNU-16 human gastric cancer cells. To explore the nobiletin-induced cell death mechanism, we examined the changes in protein expression caused by nobiletin in human gastric cancer SNU-16 cells by means of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DGE), followed by peptide mass fingerprinting (PMF) analysis. Seventeen of 20 selected protein spots were successfully identified, including nine upregulated and eight downregulated proteins. In nobiletin-treated SNU-16 cells the glucose-regulated protein 78 kDa (GRP78) mRNA level was induced most significantly among six proteins related to cell survival and death. Western blot analysis was used to confirm the expression of GRP78 protein. We detected increases in the levels of the ER-stress related proteins inositol requiring enzyme 1 alpha (IRE1-α), activating transcription factor 4 (ATF-4), and C/EBP homology protein (CHOP), as well as GRP78, in response to nobiletin in SNU-16 cells. Furthermore, the ER stress-mediated apoptotic protein caspase-4 was proteolytically activated by nobiletin. Pretreatment with chloroquine, an autophagy inhibitor, strongly augmented apoptosis in SNU-16 cells, as evidenced by decreased cell viability, an increased number of sub-G1 phase cells and increased levels of cleaved PARP. Our results suggest that nobiletin-induced apoptosis in SNU-16 cells is mediated by pathways involving intracellular ER stress-mediated protective autophagy. Thus, the combination of nobiletin and an autophagy inhibitor could be a promising treatment for gastric cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Yong Moon
- Subtropical Horticulture Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea.
| | - Somi Kim Cho
- Subtropical Horticulture Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea.
- Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, SARI, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Rothschild SI, Gautschi O, Batliner J, Gugger M, Fey MF, Tschan MP. MicroRNA-106a targets autophagy and enhances sensitivity of lung cancer cells to Src inhibitors. Lung Cancer 2016; 107:73-83. [PMID: 27372519 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Src tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) significantly inhibit cell migration and invasion in lung cancer cell lines with minor cytotoxic effects. In clinical trials, however, they show modest activity in combination with chemotherapeutic agents. Possible resistance mechanisms include the induction of cytoprotective autophagy upon Src inhibition. Autophagy is a cellular recycling process that allows cell survival in response to a variety of stress stimuli including responses to various treatments. MATERIAL AND METHODS We screened autophagic activity in A549, H460, and H1299 NSCLC cell lines treated with two different Src-TKIs (saracatinib, dasatinib) or shRNA targeting SRC. The autophagy response was determined by LC3B-I to -II conversion, increased ULK1 epxression and increased GFP-LC3B dot formation. Autophagy was inhibited by pharmacological (bafilomycin A, chloroquine) or genetic (ULK1 shRNA) means. Expression of miR-106a and miR-20b was analyzed by qPCR, and we used different lentivral vectors for ectopic expression of either miR-106a mimetics, anti-sense miR-106a or different miR-106a-363 cluster constructs. RESULTS In the current study we found that Src-TKIs induce autophagy in lung adenocarcinoma cell lines and that a combination of autophagy and Src tyrosine kinase inhibition results in cell death. Moreover, Src-TKI induced autophagy depends on the induction of the key autophagy kinase ULK1. This ULK1 upregulation is caused by downregulation of the ULK1-targeting microRNA-106a. An inverse correlation of miR-106a and ULK1 expression was seen in lung adenocarcinoma. Accordingly, ectopic expression of miR-106a in combination with Src-TKI treatment resulted in significant cell death as compared to control transduced cells. CONCLUSIONS Autophagy protects lung adenocarcinoma cells from Src-TKIs via a newly identified miR-106a-ULK1 signaling pathway. The combined inhibition of Src and ULK1/autophagy might represent a promising treatment option for future clinical trials. Lastly, our data might challenge the term "oncogenic" miR-106a as it can promote sensitivity to Src-TKIs thereby underlining the context-dependent function of miRNAs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sacha I Rothschild
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Switzerland; Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department Internal Medicine, Medical Oncology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Gautschi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Switzerland; Medical Oncology, Cantonal Hospital, Luzern, Switzerland
| | - Jasmin Batliner
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mathias Gugger
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Martin F Fey
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Switzerland; Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mario P Tschan
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Tomasetti M, Monaco F, Manzella N, Rohlena J, Rohlenova K, Staffolani S, Gaetani S, Ciarapica V, Amati M, Bracci M, Valentino M, Goodwin J, Nguyen M, Truksa J, Sobol M, Hozak P, Dong LF, Santarelli L, Neuzil J. MicroRNA-126 induces autophagy by altering cell metabolism in malignant mesothelioma. Oncotarget 2016; 7:36338-36352. [PMID: 27119351 PMCID: PMC5095004 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy favors both cell survival and cancer suppression, and increasing evidence reveals that microRNAs (MIRs) regulate autophagy. Previously we reported that MIR126 is downregulated in malignant mesothelioma (MM). Therefore, we investigated the role of MIR126 in the regulation of cell metabolism and autophagy in MM models. We report that MIR126 induces autophagic flux in MM cells by downregulating insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS1) and disrupting the IRS1 signaling pathway. This was specific to MM cells, and was not observed in non-malignant cells of mesothelial origin or in MM cells expressing MIR126-insensitive IRS1 transcript. The MIR126 effect on autophagy in MM cells was recapitulated by IRS1 silencing, and antagonized by IRS1 overexpression or antisense MIR126 treatment. The MIR126-induced loss of IRS1 suppressed glucose uptake, leading to energy deprivation and AMPK-dependent phosphorylation of ULK1. In addition, MIR126 stimulated lipid droplet accumulation in a hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF1α)-dependent manner. MIR126 also reduced pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK) and acetyl-CoA-citrate lyase (ACL) expression, leading to the accumulation of cytosolic citrate and paradoxical inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) activity. Simultaneous pharmacological and genetic intervention with PDK and ACL activity phenocopied the effects of MIR126. This suggests that in MM MIR126 initiates a metabolic program leading to high autophagic flux and HIF1α stabilization, incompatible with tumor progression of MM. Consistently, MIR126-expressing MM cells injected into immunocompromised mice failed to progress beyond the initial stage of tumor formation, showing that increased autophagy has a protective role in MM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Tomasetti
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Science, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60020, Ancona, Italy
| | - Federica Monaco
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Science, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60020, Ancona, Italy
| | - Nicola Manzella
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Science, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60020, Ancona, Italy
| | - Jakub Rohlena
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV, Vestec-Prague West, 25242, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Rohlenova
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV, Vestec-Prague West, 25242, Czech Republic
| | - Sara Staffolani
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Science, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60020, Ancona, Italy
| | - Simona Gaetani
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Science, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60020, Ancona, Italy
| | - Veronica Ciarapica
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Science, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60020, Ancona, Italy
| | - Monica Amati
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Science, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60020, Ancona, Italy
| | - Massimo Bracci
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Science, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60020, Ancona, Italy
| | - Matteo Valentino
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Science, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60020, Ancona, Italy
| | - Jacob Goodwin
- School of Medical Science and Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Southport, Qld, 4222, Australia
| | - Maria Nguyen
- School of Medical Science and Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Southport, Qld, 4222, Australia
| | - Jaroslav Truksa
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV, Vestec-Prague West, 25242, Czech Republic
| | - Margaryta Sobol
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 4, 142 20, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Hozak
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 4, 142 20, Czech Republic
| | - Lan-Feng Dong
- School of Medical Science and Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Southport, Qld, 4222, Australia
| | - Lory Santarelli
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Science, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60020, Ancona, Italy
| | - Jiri Neuzil
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV, Vestec-Prague West, 25242, Czech Republic
- School of Medical Science and Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Southport, Qld, 4222, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Xue H, Zhang J, Guo X, Wang J, Li J, Gao X, Guo X, Li T, Xu S, Zhang P, Liu Q, Li G. CREBRF is a potent tumor suppressor of glioblastoma by blocking hypoxia-induced autophagy via the CREB3/ATG5 pathway. Int J Oncol 2016; 49:519-28. [PMID: 27278737 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia induces protective autophagy in advanced glioblastoma cells, and targeting this process may improve the outcome for glioblastoma patients. Recent studies have suggested that the autophagic process is upregulated in glioblastoma cells in response to extensive hypoxia. Here, we describe a novel tumor suppressor in glioblastoma cells, whereby hypoxia downregulated CREBRF expression and acts as a potent inhibitor of autophagy in glioblastoma cells via the CREB3/ATG5 pathway. Our results demonstrate that CREBRF expression negatively correlates with autophagic and HIF-1α levels in different grade gliomas. Given that CREBRF is a negative regulator of CREB3, CREB3 knockdown also repressed hypoxia-induced autophagy in glioblastoma cells in vitro. Collectively, our findings provide new insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying hypoxia-induced glioblastoma cell autophagy and indicate that the hypoxia/CREBRF/CREB3/ATG5 pathway plays a central role in malignant glioma progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Xue
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Jinsen Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Xing Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, 5009 Bergen, Norway
| | - Jiangbing Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofan Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Tong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Shugang Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Brain Science Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Qinglin Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Fritzen AM, Frøsig C, Jeppesen J, Jensen TE, Lundsgaard AM, Serup AK, Schjerling P, Proud CG, Richter EA, Kiens B. Role of AMPK in regulation of LC3 lipidation as a marker of autophagy in skeletal muscle. Cell Signal 2016; 28:663-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
64
|
Zhang J, Riby JE, Conde L, Grizzle WE, Cui X, Skibola CF. A Fucus vesiculosus extract inhibits estrogen receptor activation and induces cell death in female cancer cell lines. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 16:151. [PMID: 27234961 PMCID: PMC4884380 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1129-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously reported the anti-estrogenic activity of the brown seaweed, Fucus vesiculosus. The present study aimed to further investigate its anti-estrogenic modes of action and to assess other potentially biologically relevant anti-tumorigenic effects in estrogen receptor (ER)-dependent and -independent female cancer cell lines. METHODS The CALUX® assay was used to determine the effect of a F. vesiculosus extract (FVE) on activation of the ER. Aromatase enzymatic activity was measured to determine the potential effect of FVE on estradiol (E2) biosynthesis. Transcriptional activity profiling of 248 genes involved in cancer, immunity, hormonal regulation, protein phosphorylation, transcription, metabolism, and cellular structure was conducted using the NanoString nCounter® analysis system in FVE-treated breast, ovarian and endometrial cancer cell lines. The effects of FVE on cell viability, morphology, membrane integrity, mitochondrial toxicity, induction of apoptotic and autophagic markers, and cell signaling were also analyzed. RESULTS In co-treatments with 12.5 pM (EC50) E2, FVE (2 %) reduced ER activation by 50 %, exhibiting potent ER antagonistic effects. FVE inhibited aromatase activity in an in vitro assay (IC50 2.0 %). ER-dependent and -independent cancer cell lines showed significantly decreased viability that correlated with increasing FVE concentrations and altered morphological features suggestive of apoptosis and autophagy. Expression of genes that were significantly altered by FVE (p < 0.05) revealed predominantly apoptotic, autophagic and kinase signaling pathways. FVE also effectively inhibited the phosphorylation of Akt, resulting in reduced mTORC1 activities to stimulate autophagy in cells. Concentration-dependent cleavage of PARP and induction of caspase-3 and -7 activities were observed in MDA-MB-231 cells supporting a role for FVE in the promotion of apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides new insights into the anti-estrogenic activity of F. vesiculosus. Moreover, the induction of autophagy and apoptosis on breast, endometrial and ovarian cancer cell lines suggests additional anti-tumorigenic actions of FVE that are independent of ER status in female cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianqing Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1665 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
- The UAB Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1824 6th Avenue South, Birmingham, 35233, AL, USA
| | - Jacques E Riby
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1665 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
- The UAB Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1824 6th Avenue South, Birmingham, 35233, AL, USA
| | - Lucia Conde
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1665 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - William E Grizzle
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, 35294, AL, USA
- The UAB Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1824 6th Avenue South, Birmingham, 35233, AL, USA
| | - Xiangqin Cui
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, 35294, AL, USA
| | - Christine F Skibola
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1665 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
- The UAB Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1824 6th Avenue South, Birmingham, 35233, AL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
65
|
Nie H, Wang Y, Qin Y, Gong XG. Oleanolic acid induces autophagic death in human gastric cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Cell Biol Int 2016; 40:770-8. [PMID: 27079177 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Oleanolic acid (OA), a plant-derived pentacyclic terpenoid, is known to have hepatoprotective effects. In this study, we found that OA induced autophagic cell death in multiple human gastric cancer cell lines. Moreover, OA-induced autophagy was shown for the first time in human gastric cancer cells, evidenced by the formation of GFP-RFP-LC3 puncta and autophagosomes. OA suppressed phospho-mTOR through inhibition of the PI3 K/AKT and ERK/p38 MAPK signalling pathways and through activation of the AMPK signalling pathway. Furthermore, we found that OA-induced cytotoxicity and autophagy could be blocked by the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine or via siRNA targeting Beclin-1. Our in vivo research showed that OA delayed the formation of MGC-803 tumours in an autophagy-dependent manner. These results reveal a novel mechanism for OA in gastric cancer cells and suggest that OA could be a novel agent in the treatment of gastric cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Nie
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Room 345, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Room 345, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yong Qin
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Room 345, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xing-Guo Gong
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Room 345, Hangzhou 310058, China
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
Xue H, Yuan G, Guo X, Liu Q, Zhang J, Gao X, Guo X, Xu S, Li T, Shao Q, Yan S, Li G. A novel tumor-promoting mechanism of IL6 and the therapeutic efficacy of tocilizumab: Hypoxia-induced IL6 is a potent autophagy initiator in glioblastoma via the p-STAT3-MIR155-3p-CREBRF pathway. Autophagy 2016; 12:1129-52. [PMID: 27163161 PMCID: PMC4990999 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2016.1178446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia induces protective autophagy in glioblastoma cells and new therapeutic avenues that target this process may improve the outcome for glioblastoma patients. Recent studies have suggested that the autophagic process is upregulated in glioblastomas in response to extensive hypoxia. Hypoxia also induces the upregulation of a specific set of proteins and microRNAs (miRNAs) in a variety of cell types. IL6 (interleukin 6), an inflammatory autocrine and paracrine cytokine that is overexpressed in glioblastoma, has been reported to be a biomarker for poor prognosis because of its tumor-promoting effects. Here, we describe a novel tumor-promoting mechanism of IL6, whereby hypoxia-induced IL6 acts as a potent initiator of autophagy in glioblastoma via the phosphorylated (p)-STAT3-MIR155-3p pathway. IL6 and p-STAT3 levels correlated with the abundance of autophagic cells and HIF1A levels in human glioma tissues and with the grade of human glioma, whereas inhibition of exogenous or endogenous IL6 repressed autophagy in glioblastoma cells in vitro. Knockdown of endogenous MIR155-3p inhibited IL6-induced autophagy, and enforced expression of MIR155-3p restored the anti-autophagic activity of IL6 inhibitors. We show that the hypoxia-IL6-p-STAT3-MIR155-3p-CREBRF-CREB3-ATG5 pathway plays a central role in malignant glioma progression, with blockade of the IL6 receptor by tocilizumab demonstrating a certain level of therapeutic efficacy in a xenograft model in vivo, especially in combination with temozolomide. Moreover, tocilizumab inhibits autophagy by promoting tumor apoptosis. Collectively, our findings provide new insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying hypoxia-induced glioma cell autophagy and point toward a possible efficacious adjuvant therapy for glioblastoma patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Xue
- a Department of Neurosurgery , Qilu Hospital of Shandong University , Jinan , Shandong Province , China.,b Brain Science Research Institute, Shandong University , Jinan , Shandong Province , China
| | - Guang Yuan
- c Department of Neurosurgery , Central Hospital of Zibo City , Zibo , Shandong Province , China
| | - Xing Guo
- a Department of Neurosurgery , Qilu Hospital of Shandong University , Jinan , Shandong Province , China.,b Brain Science Research Institute, Shandong University , Jinan , Shandong Province , China
| | - Qinglin Liu
- a Department of Neurosurgery , Qilu Hospital of Shandong University , Jinan , Shandong Province , China
| | - Jinsen Zhang
- a Department of Neurosurgery , Qilu Hospital of Shandong University , Jinan , Shandong Province , China.,b Brain Science Research Institute, Shandong University , Jinan , Shandong Province , China
| | - Xiao Gao
- a Department of Neurosurgery , Qilu Hospital of Shandong University , Jinan , Shandong Province , China
| | - Xiaofan Guo
- a Department of Neurosurgery , Qilu Hospital of Shandong University , Jinan , Shandong Province , China
| | - Shugang Xu
- a Department of Neurosurgery , Qilu Hospital of Shandong University , Jinan , Shandong Province , China.,d Department of Neurosurgery , Dezhou People's Hospital , Dezhou , Shandong Province , China
| | - Tong Li
- a Department of Neurosurgery , Qilu Hospital of Shandong University , Jinan , Shandong Province , China
| | - Qianqian Shao
- e Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University , Jinan , Shandong Province , China
| | - Shaofeng Yan
- b Brain Science Research Institute, Shandong University , Jinan , Shandong Province , China
| | - Gang Li
- a Department of Neurosurgery , Qilu Hospital of Shandong University , Jinan , Shandong Province , China.,b Brain Science Research Institute, Shandong University , Jinan , Shandong Province , China
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
The glutamine-alpha-ketoglutarate (AKG) metabolism and its nutritional implications. Amino Acids 2016; 48:2067-80. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-016-2254-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
68
|
Xue H, Ji Y, Wei S, Yu Y, Yan X, Liu S, Zhang M, Yao F, Lan X, Chen L. HGSD attenuates neuronal apoptosis through enhancing neuronal autophagy in the brain of diabetic mice: The role of AMP-activated protein kinase. Life Sci 2016; 153:23-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
69
|
A hybrid model of molecular regulation and population dynamics for yeast autophagy. J Theor Biol 2016; 402:45-53. [PMID: 27103581 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2016.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Revised: 03/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved lysosome-based degradation process that is involved in maintaining cellular homeostasis and stress responses. Dysregulation of autophagy is known to associate with many diseases. In this paper, we establish a Hybrid model of Molecular regulation and Population dynamics (HMP model) for yeast autophagy to study how autophagy regulation at molecular level affects the cell population dynamics under the stress of starvation. The model includes interactions between amino acids, TORC1, Atg1 complex, and Atg8 lipidation at the molecular level, and cell death and division at the cell behavior level. Two feedback loops are involved in autophagy induction, in which the negative feedback of TORC1 activation has been known previously, and the positive feedback between TORC1 and Atg1 complex formation is introduced according to the similarity of Drosophila and mammalian cells. We demonstrate that the two feedback loops play distinct roles in autophagy regulation. The positive feedback is pro-survival, whereas the negative feedback has little effect on the survival of population during starvation. In addition, autophagy deficient cells can be rescued from starvation by amino acid exchanges from their neighboring wild type cells.
Collapse
|
70
|
Shi Y, Tan SH, Ng S, Zhou J, Yang ND, Koo GB, McMahon KA, Parton RG, Hill MM, Del Pozo MA, Kim YS, Shen HM. Critical role of CAV1/caveolin-1 in cell stress responses in human breast cancer cells via modulation of lysosomal function and autophagy. Autophagy 2016; 11:769-84. [PMID: 25945613 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2015.1034411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
CAV1 (caveolin 1, caveolae protein, 22kDa) is well known as a principal scaffolding protein of caveolae, a specialized plasma membrane structure. Relatively, the caveolae-independent function of CAV1 is less studied. Autophagy is a process known to involve various membrane structures, including autophagosomes, lysosomes, and autolysosomes for degradation of intracellular proteins and organelles. Currently, the function of CAV1 in autophagy remains largely elusive. In this study, we demonstrate for the first time that CAV1 deficiency promotes both basal and inducible autophagy. Interestingly, the promoting effect was found mainly in the late stage of autophagy via enhancing lysosomal function and autophagosome-lysosome fusion. Notably, the regulatory function of CAV1 in lysosome and autophagy was found to be caveolae-independent, and acts through lipid rafts. Furthermore, the elevated autophagy level induced by CAV1 deficiency serves as a cell survival mechanism under starvation. Importantly, downregulation of CAV1 and enhanced autophagy level were observed in human breast cancer cells and tissues. Taken together, our data reveal a novel function of CAV1 and lipid rafts in breast cancer development via modulation of lysosomal function and autophagy.
Collapse
Key Words
- ATP6V0D1, ATPase H+ transporting lysosomal 38kDa, V0 subunit d1
- Baf, bafilomycin A1
- CAV1, caveolin 1
- CHO, water-soluble cholesterol
- CQ, choloroquine
- CTSL, cathepsin L
- CTxB, cholera toxin subunit B
- DRF, detergent-resistant fraction
- DSF, detergent-soluble fraction
- EGF, epidermal growth factor
- KO, knockout
- LAMP1, lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1
- MAP1LC3/LC3, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3
- MBCD, methyl-β-cyclodextrin
- MEF, mouse embryonic fibroblasts
- MTOR, mechanistic target of rapamycin
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- PI, propidium iodide
- PLA, proximity ligation assay
- PTRF, polymerase I and transcript release factor
- TFRC, transferrin receptor
- TSC, tuberous sclerosis complex
- WT, wild type.
- autophagy
- breast cancer
- caveolin 1
- lipid rafts
- lysosome
- tfLC3B, mRFP-GFP tandem fluorescent-tagged LC3B
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yin Shi
- a Department of Physiology; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine; National University of Singapore ; Singapore
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
71
|
Xu C, Feng K, Zhao X, Huang S, Cheng Y, Qian L, Wang Y, Sun H, Jin M, Chuang TH, Zhang Y. Regulation of autophagy by E3 ubiquitin ligase RNF216 through BECN1 ubiquitination. Autophagy 2015; 10:2239-50. [PMID: 25484083 PMCID: PMC4502788 DOI: 10.4161/15548627.2014.981792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved biological process involved in an array of physiological and pathological events. Without proper control, autophagy contributes to various disorders, including cancer and autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. It is therefore of vital importance that autophagy is under careful balance. Thus, additional regulators undoubtedly deepen our understanding of the working network, and provide potential therapeutic targets for disorders. In this study, we found that RNF216 (ring finger protein 216), an E3 ubiquitin ligase, strongly inhibits autophagy in macrophages. Further exploration demonstrates that RNF216 interacts with BECN1, a key regulator in autophagy, and leads to ubiquitination of BECN1, thereby contributing to BECN1 degradation. RNF216 was involved in the ubiquitination of lysine 48 of BECN1 through direct interaction with the triad (2 RING fingers and a DRIL [double RING finger linked]) domain. We further showed that inhibition of autophagy through overexpression of RNF216 in alveolar macrophages promotes Listeria monocytogenes growth and distribution, while knockdown of RNF216 significantly inhibited these outcomes. These effects were confirmed in a mouse model of L. monocytogenes infection, suggesting that manipulating RNF216 expression could be a therapeutic approach. Thus, our study identifies a novel negative regulator of autophagy and suggests that RNF216 may be a target for treatment of inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
Key Words
- Atg, autophagy-related
- BALF, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid
- BECN1
- BMDM, bone marrow-derived macrophage
- CFU, colony-forming unit
- GFP, green fluorescent protein
- HRP, horseradish peroxidase
- LPS, lipopolysaccharide
- MAP1LC3A, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 α
- MOI, multiplicity of infection
- NFKB, nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- RIPK1, receptor (TNFRSF)-interacting serine-threonine kinase 1
- RNF216
- RNF216, ring finger protein 216;TIRAP, toll-interleukin 1 receptor (TIR) domain containing adaptor protein
- TICAM1/TRIF, toll-like receptor adaptor molecule 1
- TICAM2, toll-like receptor adaptor molecule 2
- TLR, toll-like receptor
- TNF, tumor necrosis factor
- TRAF, TNF receptor-associated factor
- Triad, 2 RING fingers and a DRIL (double RING finger linked)
- Ub, ubiquitin
- autophagy
- i.t., intratracheally
- protein degradation
- shRNA, short hairpin RNA
- ubiquitination
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Congfeng Xu
- a Shanghai Institute of Immunology; Institutes of Medical Sciences; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM); and Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology; Institute of Health Sciences; Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences & SJTUSM ; Shanghai , China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
72
|
Wang XS, Tian Z, Zhang N, Han J, Guo HL, Zhao MG, Liu SB. Protective Effects of Gastrodin Against Autophagy-Mediated Astrocyte Death. Phytother Res 2015; 30:386-96. [PMID: 26643508 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Gastrodin is an active ingredient derived from the rhizome of Gastrodia elata. This compound is usually used to treat convulsive illness, dizziness, vertigo, and headache. This study aimed to investigate the effect of gastrodin on the autophagy of glial cells exposed to lipopolysaccharides (LPS, 1 µg/mL). Autophagy is a form of programmed cell death, although it also promotes cell survival. In cultured astrocytes, LPS exposure induced excessive autophagy and apoptosis, which were significantly prevented by the pretreatment cells with gastrodin (10 μM). The protective effects of gastrodin via autophagy inhibition were verified by the decreased levels of LC3-II, P62, and Beclin-1, which are classical markers for autophagy. Furthermore, gastrodin protected astrocytes from apoptosis through Bcl-2 and Bax signaling pathway. The treatment of astrocytes with rapamycin (500 nM), wortmannin (100 nM), and LY294002 (10 μM), which are inhibitors of mTOR and PI3K, respectively, eliminated the known effects of gastrodin on the inhibited Beclin-1 expression. Furthermore, gastrodin blocked the down-regulation of glutamine synthetase induced by LPS exposure in astrocytes. Our results suggest that gastrodin can be used as a preventive agent for the excessive autophagy induced by LPS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin-shang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Zhen Tian
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Jing Han
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Hong-liang Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Ming-gao Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Shui-bing Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| |
Collapse
|
73
|
Meijer AJ, Lorin S, Blommaart EF, Codogno P. Regulation of autophagy by amino acids and MTOR-dependent signal transduction. Amino Acids 2015; 47:2037-63. [PMID: 24880909 PMCID: PMC4580722 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-014-1765-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Amino acids not only participate in intermediary metabolism but also stimulate insulin-mechanistic target of rapamycin (MTOR)-mediated signal transduction which controls the major metabolic pathways. Among these is the pathway of autophagy which takes care of the degradation of long-lived proteins and of the elimination of damaged or functionally redundant organelles. Proper functioning of this process is essential for cell survival. Dysregulation of autophagy has been implicated in the etiology of several pathologies. The history of the studies on the interrelationship between amino acids, MTOR signaling and autophagy is the subject of this review. The mechanisms responsible for the stimulation of MTOR-mediated signaling, and the inhibition of autophagy, by amino acids have been studied intensively in the past but are still not completely clarified. Recent developments in this field are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alfred J Meijer
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Séverine Lorin
- UPRES EA4530, Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Pharmacie, 5 rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, 92296, Châtenay-Malabry Cedex, France
| | - Edward F Blommaart
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Patrice Codogno
- INSERM U1151-CNRS UMR 8253, Université Paris Descartes, 14 rue Maria Helena Vieira Da Silva CS61431, 75993, Paris Cedex 14, France
| |
Collapse
|
74
|
Interactions between Autophagy and Bacterial Toxins: Targets for Therapy? Toxins (Basel) 2015; 7:2918-58. [PMID: 26248079 PMCID: PMC4549733 DOI: 10.3390/toxins7082918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a physiological process involved in defense mechanisms for clearing intracellular bacteria. The autophagic pathway is finely regulated and bacterial toxins interact with this process in a complex manner. Bacterial toxins also interact significantly with many biochemical processes. Evaluations of the effects of bacterial toxins, such as endotoxins, pore-forming toxins and adenylate cyclases, on autophagy could support the development of new strategies for counteracting bacterial pathogenicity. Treatment strategies could focus on drugs that enhance autophagic processes to improve the clearance of intracellular bacteria. However, further in vivo studies are required to decipher the upregulation of autophagy and potential side effects limiting such approaches. The capacity of autophagy activation strategies to improve the outcome of antibiotic treatment should be investigated in the future.
Collapse
|
75
|
Abnormal Glucose Metabolism in Alzheimer's Disease: Relation to Autophagy/Mitophagy and Therapeutic Approaches. Neurochem Res 2015; 40:2557-69. [PMID: 26077923 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-015-1631-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2015] [Revised: 05/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Diminished glucose metabolism accompanies many neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease. An understanding of the relation of these metabolic changes to the disease will enable development of novel therapeutic strategies. Following a metabolic challenge, cells generally conserve energy to preserve viability. This requires activation of many cellular repair/regenerative processes such as mitophagy/autophagy and fusion/fission. These responses may diminish cell function in the long term. Prolonged fission induces mitophagy/autophagy which promotes repair but if prolonged progresses to mitochondrial degradation. Abnormal glucose metabolism alters protein signaling including the release of proteins from the mitochondria or migration of proteins from the cytosol to the mitochondria or nucleus. This overview provides an insight into the different mechanisms of autophagy/mitophagy and mitochondrial dynamics in response to the diminished metabolism that occurs with diseases, especially neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. The review discusses multiple aspects of mitochondrial responses including different signaling proteins and pathways of mitophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis. Improving cellular bioenergetics and mitochondrial dynamics will alter protein signaling and improve cellular/mitochondrial repair and regeneration. An understanding of these changes will suggest new therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
|
76
|
Hać A, Domachowska A, Narajczyk M, Cyske K, Pawlik A, Herman-Antosiewicz A. S6K1 controls autophagosome maturation in autophagy induced by sulforaphane or serum deprivation. Eur J Cell Biol 2015; 94:470-81. [PMID: 26054233 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2015.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Revised: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well established that mTORC1 suppresses autophagy by phosphorylation and inactivation of proteins involved in autophagosome formation. However, the role of its substrate, p70S6 kinase1 (S6K1), in autophagy is quite controversial. In some models S6K1 activity correlates with autophagy suppression, however, some other studies show that S6K1 promotes rather than inhibits this process. Here, we investigated the role of S6K1 in prostate cancer cells (PC-3) and non-cancerous, mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF), either treated with autophagy inducer sulforaphane, an isothiocyanate derived from cruciferous plants, or deprived of serum. Our results indicate that constitutively active S6K1 decreases the level of LC3 processing and foci formation by autophagosomal vacuoles in cells treated with sulforaphane. On the other hand, presence of S6K1 is necessary for autophagosome maturation under conditions of autophagy induced by either sulforaphane or serum deprivation. Diminished level of S6K1 or lack of S6 kinases results in both, accumulation of autophagosomes and drop in the autophagolysosome number, and thus disturbs autophagy flux under stress conditions. Moreover, lack of S6 kinases reduces cell survival under stress conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Hać
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Anna Domachowska
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Magdalena Narajczyk
- Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Karolina Cyske
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Anna Pawlik
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Anna Herman-Antosiewicz
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
77
|
Carette D, Gilleron J, Denizot JP, Grant K, Pointis G, Segretain D. New cellular mechanisms of gap junction degradation and recycling. Biol Cell 2015; 107:218-31. [PMID: 25818265 DOI: 10.1111/boc.201400048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND INFORMATION Connexins (Cxs), the constitutive proteins of gap junctions, are key actors of many physiological processes. Therefore, alterations of Cx expression and degradation lead to the development of physiopathological disorders. Because of the formation of a double membrane vesicle termed annular gap junction (AGJ), gap junction degradation is a unique physiological process for which many cellular aspects remain unclear. RESULTS By using a combination of time-lapse fluorescence microscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, we evidenced new specific cellular events concerning gap junction degradation and recycling. Indeed, by time lapse video microscopy we demonstrated, for the first time to our knowledge, that an entire AGJ can be fully recycled back to the plasma membrane. Moreover, we dissected the degradative processes of gap junction by electron microscopy approaches. Interestingly, in addition to canonical autophagy and heterophagy pathways, previously described, we discovered that both pathways could sometimes intermingle. Strikingly, our results also highlighted a new lysosome-based autophagy pathway that could play a pivotal role in common autophagy degradation. CONCLUSIONS The present investigation reveals that AGJ degradation is a more complex process that it was previously thought. First, a complete recycling of the gap junction plaque after its internalisation could occur. Second, the degradation of this peculiar double membrane structure is possible through autophagy, heterophagy, hetero-autophagy or by lysosomal-based autophagy. Altogether, this work underlines novel aspects of gap junction degradation that could be extended to other cell biology processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diane Carette
- INSERM U 1065, Team 5 «Physiopathological control of germ cell proliferation: genomic and non-genomic mechanisms», University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Nice cedex 3, 06204, France.,UMR S1147, University Paris Descartes, Paris, 75006, France.,University of Versailles, Saint Quentin, 78035, France
| | - Jérôme Gilleron
- INSERM U 1065, Team 5 «Physiopathological control of germ cell proliferation: genomic and non-genomic mechanisms», University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Nice cedex 3, 06204, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Denizot
- Unité de Neurosciences, Information et Complexité, CNRS UPR3293, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91190, France
| | - Kirsty Grant
- Unité de Neurosciences, Information et Complexité, CNRS UPR3293, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91190, France
| | - Georges Pointis
- INSERM U 1065, Team 5 «Physiopathological control of germ cell proliferation: genomic and non-genomic mechanisms», University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Nice cedex 3, 06204, France
| | - Dominique Segretain
- UMR S1147, University Paris Descartes, Paris, 75006, France.,University of Versailles, Saint Quentin, 78035, France
| |
Collapse
|
78
|
Michiels CF, Fransen P, De Munck DG, De Meyer GRY, Martinet W. Defective autophagy in vascular smooth muscle cells alters contractility and Ca2+ homeostasis in mice. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2015; 308:H557-67. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00659.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionary preserved process that prevents the accumulation of unwanted cytosolic material through the formation of autophagosomes. Although autophagy has been extensively studied to understand its function in normal physiology, the role of vascular smooth muscle (SM) cell (VSMC) autophagy in Ca2+ mobilization and contraction remains poorly understood. Recent evidence shows that autophagy is involved in controlling contractile function and Ca2+ homeostasis in certain cell types. Therefore, autophagy might also regulate contractile capacity and Ca2+-mobilizing pathways in VSMCs. Contractility (organ chambers) and Ca2+ homeostasis (myograph) were investigated in aortic segments of 3.5-mo-old mice containing a SM cell-specific deletion of autophagy-related 7 ( Atg7; Atg7 fl/ fl SM22α -Cre+ mice) and in segments of corresponding control mice ( Atg7+/+ SM22α -Cre+). Our results indicate that voltage-gated Ca2+ channels (VGCCs) of Atg7 fl/ fl SM22α -Cre+ VSMCs were more sensitive to depolarization, independent of changes in resting membrane potential. Contractions elicited with K+ (50 mM) or the VGCC agonist BAY K8644 (100 nM) were significantly higher due to increased VGCC expression and activity. Interestingly, the sarcoplasmic reticulum of Atg7 fl/ fl SM22α -Cre+ VSMCs was enlarged, which, combined with increased sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase 2 expression and higher store-operated Ca2+ entry, promoted inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-mediated contractions of Atg7 fl/ fl SM22α -Cre+ segments and maximized the Ca2+ storing capacity of the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Moreover, decreased plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase expression in Atg7 fl/ fl SM22α -Cre+ VSMCs hampered Ca2+ extrusion to the extracellular environment. Overall, our study indicates that defective autophagy in VSMCs leads to an imbalance between Ca2+ release/influx and Ca2+ reuptake/extrusion, resulting in higher basal Ca2+ concentrations and significant effects on vascular reactivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul Fransen
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Dorien G. De Munck
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - Wim Martinet
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
79
|
Sun LQ, Gao JL, Cui Y, Zhao MM, Jing XB, Li R, Tian YX, Cui JZ, Wu ZX. Neuronic autophagy contributes to p-connexin 43 degradation in hippocampal astrocytes following traumatic brain injury in rats. Mol Med Rep 2015; 11:4419-23. [PMID: 25626126 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Connexins, gap junction proteins, have short half‑lives of only a few hours; therefore, degradation of these proteins can rapidly modulate their function. Autophagy is a type of degradation pathway that has been implicated in several diseases and was reported to be induced following traumatic brain injury (TBI). The aim of the present study was to investigate the involvement of neuronic autophagy in proteolysis of phosphorylated connexin 43 (p‑Cx43) in hippocampal astrocytes following TBI in rats. Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence showed a TBI‑induced increase in levels of astrocytic p‑Cx43 following treatment with 3‑methyladenine, an inhibitor of autophagy, in the hippocampus. Internalized gap junctions were observed in the neuronic cytoplasm using transmission electron microscopy. These results demonstrated that neuronic autophagy may regulate cellular levels of p‑Cx43 in hippocampal astrocytes following TBI. This therefore indicated that the persistence of p‑Cx43 accumulation was due to insufficient degradation capacity of constitutive autophagy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Qian Sun
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute and Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Jun Ling Gao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Science, Hebei United University, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Ying Cui
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Science, Hebei United University, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Man Man Zhao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Science, Hebei United University, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Bin Jing
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tangshan Ophthalmology Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Ran Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Science, Hebei United University, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Yan Xia Tian
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Science, Hebei United University, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Jian Zhong Cui
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Zhong-Xue Wu
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute and Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
80
|
Clusterin facilitates stress-induced lipidation of LC3 and autophagosome biogenesis to enhance cancer cell survival. Nat Commun 2014; 5:5775. [PMID: 25503391 PMCID: PMC4275590 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We define stress-induced adaptive survival pathways linking autophagy with the molecular chaperone clusterin (CLU) that function to promote anticancer treatment resistance. During treatment stress, CLU co-localizes with LC3 via an LIR-binding sequence within autophagosome membranes, functioning to facilitate LC3–Atg3 heterocomplex stability and LC3 lipidation, and thereby enhance autophagosome biogenesis and autophagy activation. Stress-induced autophagy is attenuated with CLU silencing in CLU−/− mice and human prostate cancer cells. CLU-enhanced cell survival occurs via autophagy-dependent pathways, and is reduced following autophagy inhibition. Combining CLU inhibition with anticancer treatments attenuates autophagy activation, increases apoptosis and reduces prostate cancer growth. This study defines a novel adaptor protein function for CLU under stress conditions, and highlights how co-targeting CLU and autophagy can amplify proteotoxic stress to delay cancer progression. The induction of autophagy under stress conditions such as chemotherapy is a contributing factor towards resistance to anticancer therapy. Here, Zhang et al. identify the molecular chaperone clusterin as an adaptor that facilitates lipidation of LC3 and autophagosome biogenesis.
Collapse
|
81
|
Zhou J, Hu SE, Tan SH, Cao R, Chen Y, Xia D, Zhu X, Yang XF, Ong CN, Shen HM. Andrographolide sensitizes cisplatin-induced apoptosis via suppression of autophagosome-lysosome fusion in human cancer cells. Autophagy 2014; 8:338-49. [DOI: 10.4161/auto.18721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
|
82
|
Jin H, Lei J. A mathematical model of cell population dynamics with autophagy response to starvation. Math Biosci 2014; 258:1-10. [PMID: 25223236 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbs.2014.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Revised: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we study the role of autophagy in yeast cell population dynamics in response to starvation by a mathematical model based on the logistic growth model. We analytically study the boundedness of solutions, and the existence and stability of equilibrium states under general biologically acceptable assumptions. Finally, we perform numerical studies for Saccharomyces cerevisiae response to starvation with autophagy. The results show that autophagy is valuable in maintaining cell population in starvation, and attenuating population fluctuations in response to perturbations in environmental nutrients. Furthermore, we show that proper level autophagy promotes cell survival through the inhibition of cell death by autophagy as well as the secretion of nutrients from autophagic cells, however excessive autophagy can decrease cell population due to autophagic cell death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huiqin Jin
- Zhou Pei-Yuan Center for Applied Mathematics, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jinzhi Lei
- Zhou Pei-Yuan Center for Applied Mathematics, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| |
Collapse
|
83
|
Autophagy and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:120179. [PMID: 25295245 PMCID: PMC4175790 DOI: 10.1155/2014/120179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy, or cellular self-digestion, is a catabolic process that targets cell constituents including damaged organelles, unfolded proteins, and intracellular pathogens to lysosomes for degradation. Autophagy is crucial for development, differentiation, survival, and homeostasis. Important links between the regulation of autophagy and liver complications associated with obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), have been reported. The spectrum of these hepatic abnormalities extends from isolated steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), steatofibrosis, which sometimes leads to cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. NAFLD is one of the three main causes of cirrhosis and increases the risk of liver-related death and hepatocellular carcinoma. The pathophysiological mechanisms of the progression of a normal liver to steatosis and then more severe disease are complex and still unclear. The regulation of the autophagic flux, a dynamic response, and the knowledge of the role of autophagy in specific cells including hepatocytes, hepatic stellate cells, immune cells, and hepatic cancer cells have been extensively studied these last years. This review will provide insight into the current understanding of autophagy and its role in the evolution of the hepatic complications associated with obesity, from steatosis to hepatocellular carcinoma.
Collapse
|
84
|
Mallat A, Lodder J, Teixeira-Clerc F, Moreau R, Codogno P, Lotersztajn S. Autophagy: a multifaceted partner in liver fibrosis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:869390. [PMID: 25254217 PMCID: PMC4164803 DOI: 10.1155/2014/869390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a common wound healing response to chronic liver injury of all causes, and its end-stage cirrhosis is responsible for high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Fibrosis results from prolonged parenchymal cell apoptosis and necrosis associated with an inflammatory reaction that leads to recruitment of immune cells, activation and accumulation of fibrogenic cells, and extracellular matrix accumulation. The fibrogenic process is driven by hepatic myofibroblasts, that mainly derive from hepatic stellate cells undergoing a transdifferentiation from a quiescent, lipid-rich into a fibrogenic myofibroblastic phenotype, in response to paracrine/autocrine signals produced by neighbouring inflammatory and parenchymal cells. Autophagy is an important regulator of liver homeostasis under physiological and pathological conditions. This review focuses on recent findings showing that autophagy is a novel, but complex, regulatory pathway in liver fibrosis, with profibrogenic effects relying on its direct contribution to the process of hepatic stellate cell activation, but with antifibrogenic properties via indirect hepatoprotective and anti-inflammatory properties. Therefore, cell-specific delivery of drugs that exploit autophagic pathways is a prerequisite to further consider autophagy as a potential target for antifibrotic therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ariane Mallat
- INSERM U955, 94000 Créteil, France
- Université Paris-Est, Faculté de Médecine, UMR-S955, 94000 Créteil, France
| | - Jasper Lodder
- INSERM U1149, Center for Research on Inflammation, 75018 Paris, France
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Site Xavier Bichat, 75018 Paris, France
- Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, 75018 Paris, France
| | - Fatima Teixeira-Clerc
- INSERM U955, 94000 Créteil, France
- Université Paris-Est, Faculté de Médecine, UMR-S955, 94000 Créteil, France
| | - Richard Moreau
- INSERM U1149, Center for Research on Inflammation, 75018 Paris, France
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Site Xavier Bichat, 75018 Paris, France
- Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, 75018 Paris, France
- Département Hospitalo-Universitaire (DHU) UNITY, Service d'Hépatologie, Hôpital Beaujon, AP-HP, 92000 Clichy, France
| | - Patrice Codogno
- INSERM U1151-CNRS UMR8223, INEM, 75014 Paris, France
- Université Paris-Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Site Necker Enfants-Malades, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Sophie Lotersztajn
- INSERM U1149, Center for Research on Inflammation, 75018 Paris, France
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Site Xavier Bichat, 75018 Paris, France
- Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, 75018 Paris, France
- Département Hospitalo-Universitaire (DHU) UNITY, Service d'Hépatologie, Hôpital Beaujon, AP-HP, 92000 Clichy, France
| |
Collapse
|
85
|
Brigger D, Proikas-Cezanne T, Tschan MP. WIPI-dependent autophagy during neutrophil differentiation of NB4 acute promyelocytic leukemia cells. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1315. [PMID: 24991767 PMCID: PMC4123064 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Revised: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Members of the WD-repeat protein interacting with phosphoinositides (WIPI) family are phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PI3P) effectors that are essential for the formation of autophagosomes. Autophagosomes, unique double-membraned organelles, are characteristic for autophagy, a bulk degradation mechanism with cytoprotective and homeostatic function. Both, WIPI-1 and WIPI-2 are aberrantly expressed in several solid tumors, linking these genes to carcinogenesis. We now found that the expression of WIPI-1 was significantly reduced in a large cohort of 98 primary acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patient samples (complex karyotypes; t(8;21); t(15,17); inv(16)). In contrast, the expression of WIPI-2 was only reduced in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), a distinct subtype of AML (t(15,17)). As AML cells are blocked in their differentiation, we tested if the expression levels of WIPI-1 and WIPI-2 increase during all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA)-induced neutrophil differentiation of APL. According to the higher WIPI-1 expression in granulocytes compared with immature blast cells, WIPI-1 but not WIPI-2 expression was significantly induced during neutrophil differentiation of NB4 APL cells. Interestingly, the induction of WIPI-1 expression was dependent on the transcription factor PU.1, a master regulator of myelopoiesis, supporting our notion that WIPI-1 expression is reduced in AML patients lacking proper PU-1 activity. Further, knocking down WIPI-1 in NB4 cells markedly attenuated the autophagic flux and significantly reduced neutrophil differentiation. This result was also achieved by knocking down WIPI-2, suggesting that both WIPI-1 and WIPI-2 are functionally required and not redundant in mediating the PI3P signal at the onset of autophagy in NB4 cells. In line with these data, downregulation of PI3KC3 (hVPS34), which generates PI3P upstream of WIPIs, also inhibited neutrophil differentiation. In conclusion, we demonstrate that both WIPI-1 and WIPI-2 are required for the PI3P-dependent autophagic activity during neutrophil differentiation, and that PU.1-dependent WIPI-1 expression is significantly repressed in primary AML patient samples and that the induction of autophagic flux is associated with neutrophil differentiation of APL cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Brigger
- 1] Division of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland [2] Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - T Proikas-Cezanne
- Autophagy Laboratory, Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Germany
| | - M P Tschan
- 1] Division of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland [2] Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland [3] Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
86
|
Cerezo M, Tomic T, Ballotti R, Rocchi S. Is it time to test biguanide metformin in the treatment of melanoma? Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2014; 28:8-20. [PMID: 24862830 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Metformin is the most widely used antidiabetic drug that belongs to the biguanide class. It is very well tolerated and has the major clinical advantage of not inducing hypoglycemia. Metformin decreases hepatic glucose production via a mechanism requiring liver kinase B1, which controls the metabolic checkpoint, AMP-activated protein kinase-mammalian target of rapamycin and neoglucogenic genes. The effects of metformin on this pathway results in reduced protein synthesis and cell proliferation. These observations have given the impetus for many investigations on the role of metformin in the regulation of tumor cell proliferation, cell-cycle regulation, apoptosis, and autophagy. Encouraging results from these studies have shown that metformin could potentially be used as an efficient anticancer drug in various neoplasms such as prostate, breast, lung, pancreas cancers, and melanoma. These findings are strengthened by retrospective epidemiological studies that have found a decrease in cancer risk in diabetic patients treated with metformin. In this review, we have focused our discussion on recent molecular mechanisms of metformin that have been described in various solid tumors in general and in melanoma in particular.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Cerezo
- INSERM, U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Equipe Biologie et Pathologie des Cellules Mélanocytaire: de la Pigmentation Cutanée au Mélanome, Nice, France; Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, UFR de Médecine, Nice, France
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
87
|
Ahn JH, Lee YW, Ahn SK, Lee M. Oncogenic BRAF inhibitor UAI-201 induces cell cycle arrest and autophagy in BRAF mutant glioma cells. Life Sci 2014; 104:38-46. [PMID: 24721513 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2014.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Revised: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS An activating mutation of BRAF (BRAF-V600E) has been reported in a subset of malignant brain tumors. Thus, the aim of the present study was to identify the antiproliferative effect of the new oncogenic B-Raf targeting drug UAI-201 on 6 types of glioma cell lines with differing B-Raf mutational status. MAIN METHODS The IC50 values of UAI-201 were determined using crystal violet assays in six glioma cell lines. Real-time RT-PCR was performed to assess the functional role of multidrug resistance proteins in response to UAI-201. The effects of UAI-201 on six glioma cells were further examined by immunoblotting analysis, cell cycle analysis, flow cytometric apoptotic assay and autophagy assay. To identify the role of autophagy in UAI-201-induced growth inhibition, Atg5 and Beclin 1 were knocked down by RNA interference. KEY FINDINGS Real-time RT-PCR analysis showed a poor correlation between UAI-201 activity and the expression level of multidrug resistance proteins. The growth inhibitory effects of UAI-201 correlated with the BRAF-V600E genotype of the glioma cell lines. BRAF blockade with UAI-201 resulted in dose-dependent inhibition of MEK/ERK phosphorylations and increased G0/G1 arrest in glioma cells with BRAF-V600E. Interestingly, UAI-201 preferentially induced autophagy in BRAF-V600E cells, but not in BRAF-WT cells. More notably, autophagy inhibition through siRNA-mediated Beclin 1 knockdown partially attenuated the growth inhibition induced by UAI-201 in BRAF-V600E cells. SIGNIFICANCE The pro-death autophagic processes could be one of the underlying mechanisms for the sensitization of BRAF-V600E glioma cells toward UAI-201.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ho Ahn
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon 406-772, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Woo Lee
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech), Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Soon Kil Ahn
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon 406-772, Republic of Korea; YOUAI Co., Ltd., Suwon-Si, Gyeonggi-Do 443-766, Republic of Korea
| | - Michael Lee
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon 406-772, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
88
|
Hong Y, Won J, Lee Y, Lee S, Park K, Chang KT, Hong Y. Melatonin treatment induces interplay of apoptosis, autophagy, and senescence in human colorectal cancer cells. J Pineal Res 2014; 56:264-74. [PMID: 24484372 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In Asia, the incidence of colorectal cancer has been increasing gradually due to a more Westernized lifestyle. The aim of study is to determine the interaction between melatonin-induced cell death and cellular senescence. We treated HCT116 human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells with 10 μm melatonin and determined the levels of cell death-related proteins and evaluated cell cycle kinetics. The plasma membrane melatonin receptor, MT1, was significantly decreased by melatonin in a time-dependent manner, whereas the nuclear receptor, RORα, was increased only after 12 hr treatment. HCT116 cells, which upregulated both pro-apoptotic Bax and anti-apoptotic Bcl-xL in the early response to melatonin treatment, activated autophagic as well as apoptotic machinery within 18 hr. Melatonin decreased the S-phase population of the cells to 57% of the control at 48 hr, which was concomitant with a reduction in BrdU-positive cells in the melatonin-treated cell population. We found not only marked attenuation of E- and A-type cyclins, but also increased expression of p16 and p-p21. Compared to the cardiotoxicity of Trichostatin A in vitro, single or cumulative melatonin treatment induced insignificant detrimental effects on neonatal cardiomyocytes. We found that 10 μm melatonin activated cell death programs early and induced G1-phase arrest at the advanced phase. Therefore, we suggest that melatonin is a potential chemotherapeutic agent for treatment of colon cancer, the effects of which are mediated by regulation of both cell death and senescence in cancerous cells with minimized cardiotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunkyung Hong
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Graduate School of Inje University, Gimhae, Korea; Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disease Center, College of Biomedical Science & Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae, Korea; Ubiquitous Healthcare Research Center, Inje University, Gimhae, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
89
|
Yuan G, Yan SF, Xue H, Zhang P, Sun JT, Li G. Cucurbitacin I induces protective autophagy in glioblastoma in vitro and in vivo. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:10607-10619. [PMID: 24599950 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.528760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent need for new therapeutic avenues to improve the outcome of patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Current studies have suggested that cucurbitacin I, a natural selective inhibitor of JAK2/STAT3, has a potent anticancer effect on a variety of cancer cell types. This study showed that autophagy and apoptosis were induced by cucurbitacin I. Exposure of GBM cells to cucurbitacin I resulted in pronounced apoptotic cell death through activating bcl-2 family proteins. Cells treatment with cucurbitacin I up-regulated Beclin 1 and triggered autophagosome formation and accumulation as well as conversion of LC3I to LC3II. Activation of the AMP-activated protein kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin/p70S6K pathway, but not the PI3K/AKT pathway, occurred in autophagy induced by cucurbitacin I, which was accompanied by decreased hypoxia-inducible factor 1α. Stable overexpression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α induced by FG-4497 prevented cucurbitacin I-induced autophagy and down-regulation of bcl-2. Knockdown of beclin 1 or treatment with the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine also inhibited autophagy induced by cucurbitacin I. A coimmunoprecipitation assay showed that the interaction of Bcl-2 and Beclin 1/hVps34 decreased markedly in cells treated with cucurbitacin I. Furthermore, knockdown of beclin 1 or treatment with the lysosome inhibitor chloroquine sensitized cancer cells to cucurbitacin I-induced apoptosis. Finally, a xenograft model provided additional evidence for the occurrence of cucurbitacin I-induced apoptosis and autophagy in vitro. Our findings provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying cucurbitacin I-mediated GBM cell death and may provide an efficacious therapy for patients harboring GBM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guang Yuan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, China; Brain Science Research Institute, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, China
| | - Shao-Feng Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, China
| | - Hao Xue
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, China
| | - Jin-Tang Sun
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, China; Brain Science Research Institute, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
90
|
Hu F, Liu F. Targeting tissue-specific metabolic signaling pathways in aging: the promise and limitations. Protein Cell 2014; 5:21-35. [PMID: 24474199 PMCID: PMC3938851 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-013-0002-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been well established that most of the age-related diseases such as insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, and atherosclerosis are all closely related to metabolic dysfunction. On the other hand, interventions on metabolism such as calorie restriction or genetic manipulations of key metabolic signaling pathways such as the insulin and mTOR signaling pathways slow down the aging process and improve healthy aging. These findings raise an important question as to whether improving energy homeostasis by targeting certain metabolic signaling pathways in specific tissues could be an effective anti-aging strategy. With a more comprehensive understanding of the tissue-specific roles of distinct metabolic signaling pathways controlling energy homeostasis and the cross-talks between these pathways during aging may lead to the development of more effective therapeutic interventions not only for metabolic dysfunction but also for aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Hu
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
91
|
Weis S, Toniazzo A, Ander B, Zhan X, Careaga M, Ashwood P, Wyse A, Netto C, Sharp F. Autophagy in the brain of neonates following hypoxia–ischemia shows sex- and region-specific effects. Neuroscience 2014; 256:201-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Revised: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
92
|
SUN LIQIAN, GAO JUNLING, CUI CHANGMEN, CUI YING, JING XIAOBIN, ZHAO MANMAN, WANG YONGCHAO, TIAN YANXIA, WANG KAIJIE, CUI JIANZHONG. Astrocytic p-connexin 43 regulates neuronal autophagy in the hippocampus following traumatic brain injury in rats. Mol Med Rep 2013; 9:77-82. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2013.1787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
|
93
|
Lorin S. [Leucine sensing in the regulation of autophagy: glutamate dehydrogenase is on the way]. Med Sci (Paris) 2013; 29:839-42. [PMID: 24148120 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/20132910009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Séverine Lorin
- EA4530, faculté de pharmacie, université Paris-Sud, 5, rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| |
Collapse
|
94
|
Targeting tissue-specific metabolic signaling pathways in aging: the promise and limitations. Protein Cell 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13238-013-3077-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
|
95
|
Tuloup-Minguez V, Hamaï A, Greffard A, Nicolas V, Codogno P, Botti J. Autophagy modulates cell migration and β1 integrin membrane recycling. Cell Cycle 2013; 12:3317-28. [PMID: 24036548 PMCID: PMC3885642 DOI: 10.4161/cc.26298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Revised: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell migration is dependent on a series of integrated cellular events including the membrane recycling of the extracellular matrix receptor integrins. In this paper, we investigate the role of autophagy in regulating cell migration. In a wound-healing assay, we observed that autophagy was reduced in cells at the leading edge than in cells located rearward. These differences in autophagy were correlated with the robustness of MTOR activity. The spatial difference in the accumulation of autophagic structures was not detected in rapamycin-treated cells, which had less migration capacity than untreated cells. In contrast, the knockdown of the autophagic protein ATG7 stimulated cell migration of HeLa cells. Accordingly, atg3(-/-) and atg5(-/-) MEFs have greater cell migration properties than their wild-type counterparts. Stimulation of autophagy increased the co-localization of β1 integrin-containing vesicles with LC3-stained autophagic vacuoles. Moreover, inhibition of autophagy slowed down the lysosomal degradation of internalized β1 integrins and promoted its membrane recycling. From these findings, we conclude that autophagy regulates cell migration, a central mechanism in cell development, angiogenesis, and tumor progression, by mitigating the cell surface expression of β1 integrins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmed Hamaï
- INSERM UMR 845; University of Paris 5 René Descartes; Paris, France
| | - Anne Greffard
- INSERM UMR 984; University of Paris-Sud 11; Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Valérie Nicolas
- Microscopy Facility IFR-141-IPSIT; University of Paris-Sud 11; Chatenay-Malabry, France
| | - Patrice Codogno
- INSERM UMR 984; University of Paris-Sud 11; Châtenay-Malabry, France
- INSERM UMR 845; University of Paris 5 René Descartes; Paris, France
| | - Joëlle Botti
- INSERM UMR 984; University of Paris-Sud 11; Châtenay-Malabry, France
- INSERM UMR 845; University of Paris 5 René Descartes; Paris, France
- Lariboisière-Saint Louis Medicine School; University of Paris 7 Denis Diderot; Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
96
|
Kim YK, Yoon HH, Lee YD, Youn DY, Ha TJ, Kim HS, Lee JH. Anthocyanin Extracts from Black Soybean (Glycine max L.) Protect Human Glial Cells Against Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation by Promoting Autophagy. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2013; 20:68-74. [PMID: 24116277 PMCID: PMC3792204 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2012.20.1.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2011] [Revised: 11/30/2011] [Accepted: 12/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins have received growing attention as dietary antioxidants for the prevention of oxidative damage. Astrocytes, which are specialized glial cells, exert numerous essential, complex functions in both healthy and diseased central nervous system (CNS) through a process known as reactive astrogilosis. Therefore, the maintenance of glial cell viability may be important because of its role as a key modulator of neuropathological events. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of anthocyanin on the survival of glial cells exposed to oxidative stress. Our results demonstrated that anthocyanin extracts from black soybean increased survival of U87 glioma cells in a dose dependent manner upon oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD), accompanied by decrease levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). While treatment cells with anthocyanin extracts or OGD stress individually activated autophagy induction, the effect was significantly augmented by pretreatment cells with anthocyanin extracts prior to OGD. The contribution of autophagy induction to the protective effects of anthocyanin was verified by the observation that silencing the Atg5 expression, an essential regulator of autophagy induction, reversed the cytoprotective effect of anthocyanin extracts against OGD stress. Treatment of U87 cells with rapamycin, an autophagy inducer, increased cell survival upon OGD stress comparable to anthocyanin, indicating that autophagy functions as a survival mechanism against oxidative stress-induced cytotoxicity in glial cells. Our results, therefore, provide a rationale for the use of anthocyanin as a preventive agent for brain dysfunction caused by oxidative damage, such as a stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Kwan Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul 137-701
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
97
|
Dupont N, Codogno P. Non-canonical Autophagy: Facts and Prospects. CURRENT PATHOBIOLOGY REPORTS 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s40139-013-0030-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
98
|
Park JH, Lee JE, Lee SJ, Park SJ, Park KH, Jeong M, Koh HC. Potential autophagy enhancers protect against fipronil-induced apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells. Toxicol Lett 2013; 223:25-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Revised: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
99
|
Abstract
Autophagy maintains cell, tissue and organism homeostasis through degradation. Codogno, Boya and Reggiori review recent data that have uncovered unexpected functions of autophagy, such as regulation of metabolism, membrane transport and modulation of host defenses. Autophagy maintains cell, tissue and organism homeostasis through degradation. Complex post-translational modulation of the Atg (autophagy-related) proteins adds additional entry points for crosstalk with other cellular processes and helps define cell-type-specific regulations of autophagy. Beyond the simplistic view of a process exclusively dedicated to the turnover of cellular components, recent data have uncovered unexpected functions for autophagy and the autophagy-related genes, such as regulation of metabolism, membrane transport and modulation of host defenses — indicating the novel frontiers lying ahead.
Collapse
|
100
|
Kim YK, Ahn JH, Lee M. Src Family Kinase Inhibitor PP2 Induces LC3 Conversion in a Manner That is Uncoupled from Autophagy and Increases Apoptosis in Multidrug-Resistant Cells. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2013; 20:393-8. [PMID: 24009826 PMCID: PMC3762265 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2012.20.4.393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2012] [Revised: 06/18/2012] [Accepted: 06/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, we reported that defective autophagy may contribute to the inhibition of the growth in response to PP2 (4-amino-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-(t-butyl)pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine), a selective SFK inhibitor, in multidrug-resistant v-Ha-ras-transformed NIH 3T3 cells (Ras-NIH 3T3/Mdr). In this study, we demonstrated that PP2 induces LC3 conversion via a mechanism that is uncoupled from autophagy and increases apoptosis in Ras-NIH 3T3/Mdr cells. PP2 preferentially induced autophagy in Ras-NIH 3T3 cells rather than in Ras-NIH 3T3/Mdr cells as determined by LC3-I to LC3-II conversion and GFP-LC3 fluorescence microscopy. Beclin 1 knockdown experiments showed that, regardless of drug resistance, PP2 induces autophagy via a Beclin 1-dependent mechanism. PP2 induced a conformational change in Beclin 1, resulting in the enhancement of the pro-autophagic activity of Beclin 1, in Ras-NIH 3T3 cells. Further, PI3K inhibition induced by wortmannin caused a significant increase in apoptosis in Ras-NIH 3T3 cells, as demonstrated by flow cytometric analysis of Annexin V staining, implying that autophagy inhibition through PI3K increases apoptosis in response to PP2 in Ras-NIH 3T3 cells. However, despite the fact that wortmannin abrogates PP2-induced GFP-LC3 punctae formation, some LC3 conversion remains in Ras-NIH 3T3/Mdr cells, suggesting that LC3 conversion may occur in an autophagy-independent manner. Taken together, these results suggest that PP2 induces LC3 conversion independent of PI3K, concomitant with the uncoupling of LC3 conversion from autophagy, in multidrug-resistant cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Ki Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, University of Incheon, Incheon 406-772, Republic of Korea
| | | | | |
Collapse
|