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Gilleron J, Chafik A, Lacas-Gervais S, Tanti JF, Cormont M. Golgi-associated retrograde protein (GARP) complex-dependent endosomes to trans Golgi network retrograde trafficking is controlled by Rab4b. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2024; 29:54. [PMID: 38627612 PMCID: PMC11020649 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-024-00574-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The trafficking of cargoes from endosomes to the trans-Golgi network requires numerous sequential and coordinated steps. Cargoes are sorted into endosomal-derived carriers that are transported, tethered, and fused to the trans-Golgi network. The tethering step requires several complexes, including the Golgi-associated retrograde protein complex, whose localization at the trans-Golgi network is determined by the activity of small GTPases of the Arl and Rab family. However, how the Golgi-associated retrograde protein complex recognizes the endosome-derived carriers that will fuse with the trans-Golgi network is still unknown. METHODS We studied the retrograde trafficking to the trans-Golgi network by using fluorescent cargoes in cells overexpressing Rab4b or after Rab4b knocked-down by small interfering RNA in combination with the downregulation of subunits of the Golgi-associated retrograde protein complex. We used immunofluorescence and image processing (Super Resolution Radial Fluctuation and 3D reconstruction) as well as biochemical approaches to characterize the consequences of these interventions on cargo carriers trafficking. RESULTS We reported that the VPS52 subunit of the Golgi-associated retrograde protein complex is an effector of Rab4b. We found that overexpression of wild type or active Rab4b increased early endosomal to trans-Golgi network retrograde trafficking of the cation-independent mannose-6-phosphate receptor in a Golgi-associated retrograde protein complex-dependent manner. Conversely, overexpression of an inactive Rab4b or Rab4b knockdown attenuated this trafficking. In the absence of Rab4b, the internalized cation-independent mannose 6 phosphate receptor did not have access to VPS52-labeled structures that look like endosomal subdomains and/or endosome-derived carriers, and whose subcellular distribution is Rab4b-independent. Consequently, the cation-independent mannose-6-phosphate receptor was blocked in early endosomes and no longer had access to the trans-Golgi network. CONCLUSION Our results support that Rab4b, by controlling the sorting of the cation-independent mannose-6-phosphate receptor towards VPS52 microdomains, confers a directional specificity for cargo carriers en route to the trans-Golgi network. Given the importance of the endocytic recycling in cell homeostasis, disruption of the Rab4b/Golgi-associated retrograde protein complex-dependent step could have serious consequences in pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Gilleron
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, Mediterranean Center of Molecular Medicine (C3M), Team "Insulin Resistance in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes", Bâtiment Archimed, 151 Route de Saint Antoine de Ginestière, BP 2 3194, 06200, Nice Cedex 03, France.
| | - Abderrahman Chafik
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, Mediterranean Center of Molecular Medicine (C3M), Team "Insulin Resistance in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes", Bâtiment Archimed, 151 Route de Saint Antoine de Ginestière, BP 2 3194, 06200, Nice Cedex 03, France
| | - Sandra Lacas-Gervais
- Université Côte d'Azur, CCMA, Centre Commun de Microscopie Appliquée (CCMA), Nice, France
| | - Jean-François Tanti
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, Mediterranean Center of Molecular Medicine (C3M), Team "Insulin Resistance in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes", Bâtiment Archimed, 151 Route de Saint Antoine de Ginestière, BP 2 3194, 06200, Nice Cedex 03, France
| | - Mireille Cormont
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, Mediterranean Center of Molecular Medicine (C3M), Team "Insulin Resistance in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes", Bâtiment Archimed, 151 Route de Saint Antoine de Ginestière, BP 2 3194, 06200, Nice Cedex 03, France.
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Vali A, Dalle H, Loubaresse A, Gilleron J, Havis E, Garcia M, Beaupère C, Denis C, Roblot N, Poussin K, Ledent T, Bouillet B, Cormont M, Tanti JF, Capeau J, Vatier C, Fève B, Grosfeld A, Moldes M. Adipocyte Glucocorticoid Receptor Activation With High Glucocorticoid Doses Impairs Healthy Adipose Tissue Expansion by Repressing Angiogenesis. Diabetes 2024; 73:211-224. [PMID: 37963392 DOI: 10.2337/db23-0165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
In humans, glucocorticoids (GCs) are commonly prescribed because of their anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. However, high doses of GCs often lead to side effects, including diabetes and lipodystrophy. We recently reported that adipocyte glucocorticoid receptor (GR)-deficient (AdipoGR-KO) mice under corticosterone (CORT) treatment exhibited a massive adipose tissue (AT) expansion associated with a paradoxical improvement of metabolic health compared with control mice. However, whether GR may control adipose development remains unclear. Here, we show a specific induction of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) and proangiogenic vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) expression in GR-deficient adipocytes of AdipoGR-KO mice compared with control mice, together with an increased adipose vascular network, as assessed by three-dimensional imaging. GR activation reduced HIF-1α recruitment to the Vegfa promoter resulting from Hif-1α downregulation at the transcriptional and posttranslational levels. Importantly, in CORT-treated AdipoGR-KO mice, the blockade of VEGFA by a soluble decoy receptor prevented AT expansion and the healthy metabolic phenotype. Finally, in subcutaneous AT from patients with Cushing syndrome, higher VEGFA expression was associated with a better metabolic profile. Collectively, these results highlight that adipocyte GR negatively controls AT expansion and metabolic health through the downregulation of the major angiogenic effector VEGFA and inhibition of vascular network development. ARTICLE HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Vali
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institute of CardioMetabolism and Nutrition, Paris, France
| | - Héloïse Dalle
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institute of CardioMetabolism and Nutrition, Paris, France
| | - Alya Loubaresse
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institute of CardioMetabolism and Nutrition, Paris, France
| | - Jérôme Gilleron
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, C3M, Team Cellular and Molecular Pathophysiology of Obesity, Nice, France
| | - Emmanuelle Havis
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INSERM, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement, Institut Biologie Paris Seine, Paris, France
| | - Marie Garcia
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institute of CardioMetabolism and Nutrition, Paris, France
| | - Carine Beaupère
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institute of CardioMetabolism and Nutrition, Paris, France
| | - Clémentine Denis
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institute of CardioMetabolism and Nutrition, Paris, France
| | - Natacha Roblot
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institute of CardioMetabolism and Nutrition, Paris, France
| | - Karine Poussin
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institute of CardioMetabolism and Nutrition, Paris, France
| | - Tatiana Ledent
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Benjamin Bouillet
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institute of CardioMetabolism and Nutrition, Paris, France
| | - Mireille Cormont
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, C3M, Team Cellular and Molecular Pathophysiology of Obesity, Nice, France
| | - Jean-François Tanti
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, C3M, Team Cellular and Molecular Pathophysiology of Obesity, Nice, France
| | - Jacqueline Capeau
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institute of CardioMetabolism and Nutrition, Paris, France
| | - Camille Vatier
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institute of CardioMetabolism and Nutrition, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Service Endocrinologie, CRMR PRISIS, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Fève
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institute of CardioMetabolism and Nutrition, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Service Endocrinologie, CRMR PRISIS, Paris, France
| | - Alexandra Grosfeld
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institute of CardioMetabolism and Nutrition, Paris, France
| | - Marthe Moldes
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institute of CardioMetabolism and Nutrition, Paris, France
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Jager J, Gilleron J. Exploring Adipose Tissue Functions. J Vis Exp 2023. [PMID: 37602890 DOI: 10.3791/64957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
ARTICLES DISCUSSED Cho, D. S., Doles, J. D. Preparation of adipose progenitor cells from mouse epididymal adipose tissues. Journal of Visualized Experiments. (162), doi: 10.3791/61694 (2020). Peics, J. et al. Isolation of adipogenic and fibro-inflammatory stromal cell subpopulations from murine intra-abdominal adipose depots. Journal of Visualized Experiments. (162), doi: 10.3791/61610 (2020). Estrada-Gutierrez, G. et al. Isolation of viable adipocytes and stromal vascular fraction from human visceral adipose tissue suitable for RNA analysis and macrophage phenotyping. Journal of Visualized Experiments. (164), doi: 10.3791/61884 (2020). Gilleron, J. et al. Exploring adipose tissue structure by methylsalicylate clearing and 3D imaging. Journal of Visualized Experiments. (162), doi: 10.3791/61640 (2020). Czepielewski, R. S. et al. Lymphatic and blood network analysis during obesity. Journal of Visualized Experiments. (165), doi: 10.3791/61814 (2020). Jager, J., Gaudfrin, M., Gilleron, J., Cormont, M., Tanti, J. F. An adipocyte cell culture model to study the impact of protein and micro-RNA modulation on adipocyte function. Journal of Visualized Experiments. (171), doi: 10.3791/61925 (2021). Poret, J. M., Molina, P. E., Simon, L. Isolation, proliferation and differentiation of rhesus macaque adipose-derived stem cells. Journal of Visualized Experiments. (171), doi: 10.3791/61732 (2021). Batista Jr., M. L., Meshulam, T., Desevin, K., Rabhi, N., Farmer, S. R. Three-dimensional adipocyte culture as a model to study cachexia-induced white adipose tissue remodeling. Journal of Visualized Experiments. (167), doi: 10.3791/61853 (2021). Akbar, N., Pinnick, K. E., Paget, D., Choudhury, R. P. Isolation and characterization of human adipocyte-derived extracellular vesicles using filtration and ultracentrifugation. Journal of Visualized Experiments. (170), doi: 10.3791/61979 (2021).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Jager
- Team Cellular and Molecular Pathophysiology of Obesity and Diabetes, C3M, Université Côte d'Azur, Inserm
| | - Jérôme Gilleron
- Team Cellular and Molecular Pathophysiology of Obesity and Diabetes, C3M, Université Côte d'Azur, Inserm;
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Roumiguié M, Estève D, Manceau C, Toulet A, Gilleron J, Belles C, Jia Y, Houël C, Pericart S, LeGonidec S, Valet P, Cormont M, Tanti JF, Malavaud B, Bouloumié A, Milhas D, Muller C. Periprostatic Adipose Tissue Displays a Chronic Hypoxic State that Limits Its Expandability. Am J Pathol 2022; 192:926-942. [PMID: 35358473 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2022.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
White adipose tissue accumulates at various sites throughout the body, some adipose tissue depots exist near organs whose function they influence in a paracrine manner. Prostate gland is surrounded by a poorly characterized adipose depot called periprostatic adipose tissue (PPAT), which plays emerging roles in prostate-related disorders. Unlike all other adipose depots, PPAT secretes proinflammatory cytokines even in lean individuals and does not increase in volume during obesity. These unique features remain unexplained because of the poor structural and functional characterization of this tissue. This study characterized the structural organization of PPAT in patients compared with abdominopelvic adipose tissue (APAT), an extraperitoneal adipose depot, the accumulation of which is correlated to body mass index. Confocal microscopy followed by three-dimensional reconstructions showed a sparse vascular network in PPAT when compared with that in APAT, suggesting that this tissue is hypoxic. Unbiased comparisons of PPAT and APAT transcriptomes found that most differentially expressed genes were related to the hypoxia response. High levels of the hypoxia-inducible factor 2α confirmed the presence of an adaptive response to hypoxia in PPAT. This chronic hypoxic state was associated with inflammation and fibrosis, which were not further up-regulated by obesity. This fibrosis and inflammation explain the failure of PPAT to expand in obesity and open new mechanistic avenues to explain its role in prostate-related disorders, including cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Roumiguié
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale (Equipe Labélisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer), Université de Toulouse, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Toulouse, France; Département d'Urologie, Institut Universitaire du Cancer, Toulouse, France
| | - David Estève
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale (Equipe Labélisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer), Université de Toulouse, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Toulouse, France
| | - Cécile Manceau
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale (Equipe Labélisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer), Université de Toulouse, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Toulouse, France; Département d'Urologie, Institut Universitaire du Cancer, Toulouse, France
| | - Aurélie Toulet
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale (Equipe Labélisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer), Université de Toulouse, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Toulouse, France
| | - Jérôme Gilleron
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire, Team Cellular and Molecular Pathophysiology of Obesity, Nice, France
| | - Chloé Belles
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, Toulouse, France
| | - Yiyue Jia
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale (Equipe Labélisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer), Université de Toulouse, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Toulouse, France
| | - Cynthia Houël
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale (Equipe Labélisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer), Université de Toulouse, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Toulouse, France
| | - Sarah Pericart
- Département d'Anatomo-Pathologie, Institut Universitaire du Cancer, Toulouse, France
| | - Sophie LeGonidec
- Institut RESTORE, Université de Toulouse, Centre national de la recherche scientifique U-5070, Etablissement Français du Sang, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, INSERM U1301, Toulouse, France
| | - Philippe Valet
- Institut RESTORE, Université de Toulouse, Centre national de la recherche scientifique U-5070, Etablissement Français du Sang, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, INSERM U1301, Toulouse, France
| | - Mireille Cormont
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire, Team Cellular and Molecular Pathophysiology of Obesity, Nice, France
| | - Jean-François Tanti
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire, Team Cellular and Molecular Pathophysiology of Obesity, Nice, France
| | - Bernard Malavaud
- Département d'Urologie, Institut Universitaire du Cancer, Toulouse, France
| | - Anne Bouloumié
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, Toulouse, France
| | - Delphine Milhas
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale (Equipe Labélisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer), Université de Toulouse, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Toulouse, France.
| | - Catherine Muller
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale (Equipe Labélisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer), Université de Toulouse, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Toulouse, France.
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Vali A, Dalle H, Gilleron J, Havis E, Garcia M, Beaupère C, Denis C, Poussin K, Roblot N, Ledent T, Bouillet B, Cormont M, Tanti JF, Capeau J, Vatier C, Fève B, Grosfeld A, Moldes M. Rôle du récepteur adipocytaire des glucocorticoïdes dans l’expansion et la vascularisation du tissu adipeux. NUTR CLIN METAB 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nupar.2021.12.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Gallerand A, Stunault MI, Merlin J, Luehmann HP, Sultan DH, Firulyova MM, Magnone V, Khedher N, Jalil A, Dolfi B, Castiglione A, Dumont A, Ayrault M, Vaillant N, Gilleron J, Barbry P, Dombrowicz D, Mack M, Masson D, Bertero T, Becher B, Williams JW, Zaitsev K, Liu Y, Guinamard RR, Yvan-Charvet L, Ivanov S. Brown adipose tissue monocytes support tissue expansion. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5255. [PMID: 34489438 PMCID: PMC8421389 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25616-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Monocytes are part of the mononuclear phagocytic system. Monocytes play a central role during inflammatory conditions and a better understanding of their dynamics might open therapeutic opportunities. In the present study, we focused on the characterization and impact of monocytes on brown adipose tissue (BAT) functions during tissue remodeling. Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis of BAT immune cells uncovered a large diversity in monocyte and macrophage populations. Fate-mapping experiments demonstrated that the BAT macrophage pool requires constant replenishment from monocytes. Using a genetic model of BAT expansion, we found that brown fat monocyte numbers were selectively increased in this scenario. This observation was confirmed using a CCR2-binding radiotracer and positron emission tomography. Importantly, in line with their tissue recruitment, blood monocyte counts were decreased while bone marrow hematopoiesis was not affected. Monocyte depletion prevented brown adipose tissue expansion and altered its architecture. Podoplanin engagement is strictly required for BAT expansion. Together, these data redefine the diversity of immune cells in the BAT and emphasize the role of monocyte recruitment for tissue remodeling. Adipose tissue is composed of a number of adipocytes and a number of other cells including immune cells. Here the authors use single-cell sequencing of murine brown adipose tissue immune cells and describe multiple macrophage and monocyte subsets and show that monocytes contribute to brown adipose tissue expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hannah P Luehmann
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Deborah H Sultan
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Maria M Firulyova
- Computer Technologies Department, ITMO University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | | | | | - Antoine Jalil
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, LNC UMR1231, Dijon, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Pascal Barbry
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, IPMC, Valbonne, France
| | - David Dombrowicz
- Univ.Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, Lille, France
| | - Matthias Mack
- Department of Internal Medicine - Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - David Masson
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, LNC UMR1231, Dijon, France
| | | | - Burkhard Becher
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jesse W Williams
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Konstantin Zaitsev
- Computer Technologies Department, ITMO University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Yongjian Liu
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
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Roumiguie M, Manceau C, Estève D, Belles C, Gilleron J, Bouloumié A, Malavaud B, Milhas D, Muller C. The adipose tissue that surrounds the prostate gland exhibits traits of hypoxic state that could contribute to its role in prostate cancer progression. Eur Urol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s0302-2838(21)00799-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Jager J, Gaudfrin M, Gilleron J, Cormont M, Tanti JF. An Adipocyte Cell Culture Model to Study the Impact of Protein and Micro-RNA Modulation on Adipocyte Function. J Vis Exp 2021. [PMID: 34028435 DOI: 10.3791/61925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Alteration of adipocyte function contributes to the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases including Type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance. This highlights the need to better understand the molecular mechanism involved in adipocyte dysfunction to develop new therapies against obesity-related diseases. Modulating the expression of proteins and micro-RNAs in adipocytes remains highly challenging. This paper describes a protocol to differentiate murine fibroblasts into mature adipocytes and to modulate the expression of proteins and micro-RNAs in mature adipocytes through reverse-transfection using small-interfering RNA (siRNA) and micro-RNA mimicking (miR mimic) oligonucleotides. This reverse-transfection protocol involves the incubation of the transfection reagent and the oligonucleotides to form a complex in the cell culture plate to which the mature adipocytes are added. The adipocytes are then allowed to reattach to the adherent plate surface in the presence of the oligonucleotides/transfection reagent complex. Functional analyses such as the study of insulin signaling, glucose uptake, lipogenesis, and lipolysis can be performed on the transfected 3T3-L1 mature adipocytes to study the impact of protein or micro-RNA manipulation on adipocyte function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Jager
- Université Côte d'Azur, Inserm, C3M, Team Cellular and Molecular Pathophysiology of Obesity and Diabetes, Nice, France;
| | - Mélanie Gaudfrin
- Université Côte d'Azur, Inserm, C3M, Team Cellular and Molecular Pathophysiology of Obesity and Diabetes, Nice, France
| | - Jérôme Gilleron
- Université Côte d'Azur, Inserm, C3M, Team Cellular and Molecular Pathophysiology of Obesity and Diabetes, Nice, France
| | - Mireille Cormont
- Université Côte d'Azur, Inserm, C3M, Team Cellular and Molecular Pathophysiology of Obesity and Diabetes, Nice, France
| | - Jean-François Tanti
- Université Côte d'Azur, Inserm, C3M, Team Cellular and Molecular Pathophysiology of Obesity and Diabetes, Nice, France
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Raad G, Serra F, Martin L, Derieppe MA, Gilleron J, Costa VL, Pisani DF, Amri EZ, Trabucchi M, Grandjean V. Paternal multigenerational exposure to an obesogenic diet drives epigenetic predisposition to metabolic diseases in mice. eLife 2021; 10:61736. [PMID: 33783350 PMCID: PMC8051948 DOI: 10.7554/elife.61736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a growing societal scourge. Recent studies have uncovered that paternal excessive weight induced by an unbalanced diet affects the metabolic health of offspring. These reports mainly employed single-generation male exposure. However, the consequences of multigenerational unbalanced diet feeding on the metabolic health of progeny remain largely unknown. Here, we show that maintaining paternal Western diet feeding for five consecutive generations in mice induces an enhancement in fat mass and related metabolic diseases over generations. Strikingly, chow-diet-fed progenies from these multigenerational Western-diet-fed males develop a 'healthy' overweight phenotype characterized by normal glucose metabolism and without fatty liver that persists for four subsequent generations. Mechanistically, sperm RNA microinjection experiments into zygotes suggest that sperm RNAs are sufficient for establishment but not for long-term maintenance of epigenetic inheritance of metabolic pathologies. Progressive and permanent metabolic deregulation induced by successive paternal Western-diet-fed generations may contribute to the worldwide epidemic of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georges Raad
- Université Côte d'Azur, Inserm, C3M, TeamControl of Gene Expression (10), Nice, France.,Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Inserm, iBV, Nice, France
| | - Fabrizio Serra
- Université Côte d'Azur, Inserm, C3M, TeamControl of Gene Expression (10), Nice, France
| | - Luc Martin
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Inserm, iBV, Nice, France
| | | | - Jérôme Gilleron
- Université Côte d'Azur, Inserm, C3M, Team Cellular and Molecular Pathophysiology of Obesity and Diabetes (7), Nice, France
| | - Vera L Costa
- Université Côte d'Azur, Inserm, C3M, TeamControl of Gene Expression (10), Nice, France
| | | | | | - Michele Trabucchi
- Université Côte d'Azur, Inserm, C3M, TeamControl of Gene Expression (10), Nice, France
| | - Valerie Grandjean
- Université Côte d'Azur, Inserm, C3M, TeamControl of Gene Expression (10), Nice, France
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Czepielewski RS, Gallerand A, Gilleron J, Khedher N, Randolph GJ, Ivanov S. Lymphatic and Blood Network Analysis During Obesity. J Vis Exp 2020. [PMID: 33283786 DOI: 10.3791/61814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphatic collecting vessels and lymph nodes are inevitably embedded in adipose tissue. The physiological significance of this observation remains still not elucidated. However, obesity is characterized by impaired lymphatic function and increased vessel permeability. Inversely, lymphatic dysfunction induces obesity in mice, suggesting a significant interplay between lymphatic vessels and the adipose tissue. Therefore, understanding factors leading to lymphatic dysfunction might open new therapeutic windows to prevent obesity and associated comorbidities. The first step in this process requires a precise and detailed visualization of the lymphatic network in healthy and inflamed adipose tissue. Here, we describe a rapid, inexpensive, and efficient method that allows to label and analyze lymphatic and blood vessels. This approach takes advantage of the skin-draining brachial lymph node localization within the subcutaneous adipose tissue. The lymphatic arborization of this tissue can be revealed by injecting fluorochrome-conjugated lectins subcutaneously. Moreover, the in vivo labeling approach provides a way to evaluate lymphatic vessel density and functions. Coupled to blood vessel, adipocyte and immune cell staining, the protocol allows for high-resolution mapping of the subcutaneous adipose tissue by 3D imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexandre Gallerand
- Université Côte d'Azur; Mediterranean Center of Molecular Medicine C3M, Team 13, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) UMR1065
| | - Jérôme Gilleron
- Université Côte d'Azur; Mediterranean Center of Molecular Medicine C3M, Team 7, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) UMR1065
| | - Narges Khedher
- Université Côte d'Azur; Mediterranean Center of Molecular Medicine C3M, Team 13, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) UMR1065
| | - Gwendalyn J Randolph
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine
| | - Stoyan Ivanov
- Université Côte d'Azur; Mediterranean Center of Molecular Medicine C3M, Team 13, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) UMR1065;
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11
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Gilleron J, Meziat C, Sulen A, Ivanov S, Jager J, Estève D, Muller C, Tanti JF, Cormont M. Exploring Adipose Tissue Structure by Methylsalicylate Clearing and 3D Imaging. J Vis Exp 2020. [PMID: 32894273 DOI: 10.3791/61640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a major worldwide public health issue that increases the risk to develop cardiovascular diseases, type-2 diabetes, and liver diseases. Obesity is characterized by an increase in adipose tissue (AT) mass due to adipocyte hyperplasia and/or hypertrophia, leading to profound remodeling of its three-dimensional structure. Indeed, the maximal capacity of AT to expand during obesity is pivotal to the development of obesity-associated pathologies. This AT expansion is an important homeostatic mechanism to enable adaptation to an excess of energy intake and to avoid deleterious lipid spillover to other metabolic organs, such as muscle and liver. Therefore, understanding the structural remodeling that leads to the failure of AT expansion is a fundamental question with high clinical applicability. In this article, we describe a simple and fast clearing method that is routinely used in our laboratory to explore the morphology of mouse and human white adipose tissue by fluorescent imaging. This optimized AT clearing method is easily performed in any standard laboratory equipped with a chemical hood, a temperature-controlled orbital shaker and a fluorescent microscope. Moreover, the chemical compounds used are readily available. Importantly, this method allows one to resolve the 3D AT structure by staining various markers to specifically visualize the adipocytes, the neuronal and vascular networks, and the innate and adaptive immune cells distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Gilleron
- Université Côte d'Azur, Inserm UMR1065, C3M, Team "Cellular and Molecular Pathophysiology of Obesity", Nice, France;
| | - Cindy Meziat
- Université Côte d'Azur, Inserm UMR1065, C3M, Team "Cellular and Molecular Pathophysiology of Obesity", Nice, France
| | - André Sulen
- Integrated Cardio Metabolic Center, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stoyan Ivanov
- Université Côte d'Azur, Inserm UMR1065, C3M, Team "Haematometabolism in Diseases", Nice, France
| | - Jennifer Jager
- Université Côte d'Azur, Inserm UMR1065, C3M, Team "Cellular and Molecular Pathophysiology of Obesity", Nice, France
| | - David Estève
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Catherine Muller
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Francois Tanti
- Université Côte d'Azur, Inserm UMR1065, C3M, Team "Cellular and Molecular Pathophysiology of Obesity", Nice, France
| | - Mireille Cormont
- Université Côte d'Azur, Inserm UMR1065, C3M, Team "Cellular and Molecular Pathophysiology of Obesity", Nice, France
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12
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Gilleron J, Bouget G, Ivanov S, Meziat C, Ceppo F, Vergoni B, Djedaini M, Soprani A, Dumas K, Jacquel A, Yvan-Charvet L, Venteclef N, Tanti JF, Cormont M. Rab4b Deficiency in T Cells Promotes Adipose Treg/Th17 Imbalance, Adipose Tissue Dysfunction, and Insulin Resistance. Cell Rep 2019; 25:3329-3341.e5. [PMID: 30566860 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.11.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity modifies T cell populations in adipose tissue, thereby contributing to adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance. Here, we show that Rab4b, a small GTPase governing endocytic trafficking, is pivotal in T cells for the development of these pathological events. Rab4b expression is decreased in adipose T cells from mice and patients with obesity. The specific depletion of Rab4b in T cells causes adipocyte hypertrophy and insulin resistance in chow-fed mice and worsens insulin resistance in obese mice. This phenotype is driven by an increase in adipose Th17 and a decrease in adipose Treg due to a cell-autonomous skew of differentiation toward Th17. The Th17/Treg imbalance initiates adipose tissue inflammation and reduces adipogenesis, leading to lipid deposition in liver and muscles. Therefore, we propose that the obesity-induced loss of Rab4b in adipose T cells may contribute to maladaptive white adipose tissue remodeling and insulin resistance by altering adipose T cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Gilleron
- INSERM UMR1065, Mediterranean Center of Molecular Medicine C3M, Team "Cellular and Molecular Physiopathology of Obesity and Diabetes," Nice, France; Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Gwennaëlle Bouget
- INSERM UMR1065, Mediterranean Center of Molecular Medicine C3M, Team "Cellular and Molecular Physiopathology of Obesity and Diabetes," Nice, France; Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Stoyan Ivanov
- Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France; INSERM U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire C3M, Team "Metabolism and Cancer," Nice, France
| | - Cindy Meziat
- INSERM UMR1065, Mediterranean Center of Molecular Medicine C3M, Team "Cellular and Molecular Physiopathology of Obesity and Diabetes," Nice, France; Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Franck Ceppo
- INSERM UMR1065, Mediterranean Center of Molecular Medicine C3M, Team "Cellular and Molecular Physiopathology of Obesity and Diabetes," Nice, France; Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Bastien Vergoni
- INSERM UMR1065, Mediterranean Center of Molecular Medicine C3M, Team "Cellular and Molecular Physiopathology of Obesity and Diabetes," Nice, France; Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Mansour Djedaini
- INSERM UMR1065, Mediterranean Center of Molecular Medicine C3M, Team "Cellular and Molecular Physiopathology of Obesity and Diabetes," Nice, France; Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Antoine Soprani
- Sorbonne Université, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, INSERM, UMR S_1138 Cordeliers Research Center, Paris, France; Clinique Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, Ramsey Générale de Santé, Paris, France
| | - Karine Dumas
- INSERM UMR1065, Mediterranean Center of Molecular Medicine C3M, Team "Cellular and Molecular Physiopathology of Obesity and Diabetes," Nice, France; Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Arnaud Jacquel
- Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France; INSERM U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire C3M, Team "Cell Death, Differentiation, and Cancer," Nice, France
| | - Laurent Yvan-Charvet
- Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France; INSERM U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire C3M, Team "Metabolism and Cancer," Nice, France
| | - Nicolas Venteclef
- Sorbonne Université, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, INSERM, UMR S_1138 Cordeliers Research Center, Paris, France
| | - Jean-François Tanti
- INSERM UMR1065, Mediterranean Center of Molecular Medicine C3M, Team "Cellular and Molecular Physiopathology of Obesity and Diabetes," Nice, France; Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Mireille Cormont
- INSERM UMR1065, Mediterranean Center of Molecular Medicine C3M, Team "Cellular and Molecular Physiopathology of Obesity and Diabetes," Nice, France; Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France.
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13
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Durand P, Martin G, Blondet A, Gilleron J, Carette D, Janczarski S, Christin E, Pointis G, Perrard MH. Effects of low doses of carbendazim or iprodione either separately or in mixture on the pubertal rat seminiferous epithelium: An ex vivo study. Toxicol In Vitro 2017; 45:366-373. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2017.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Priya A, Sugatha J, Parveen S, Lacas-gervais S, Raj P, Gilleron J, Datta S. Essential and selective role of SNX12 in transport of endocytic and retrograde cargo. J Cell Sci 2017; 130:2707-2721. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.201905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The endosomal protein sorting machineries play vital roles in diverse physiologically important cellular processes. Much of the core membrane sorting apparatus are conserved in evolution, such as retromer, involved in the recycling of a diverse set of cargoes via retrograde trafficking route. Here, using a RNAi based loss of function study, we identified that SNX12 when suppressed, leads to severe blockage in CIM6PR transport and alters the morphology of the endocytic compartments. We demonstrate that SNX12 is involved in the early phase of CIM6PR transport and mediates receptor recycling upstream of the other well established SNX components of retromer. Ultra-structural analysis revealed that SNX12 resides on tubulo-vesicular structures, inspite of lacking a BAR domain. Further, we illustrate that SNX12 plays a key role in intraluminal vesicle formation and in the maturation of a sub-population of early endosomes to late endosomes thereby regulating selective endocytic transport of cargo for degradation. This study therefore provides evidence for the existence of early endosomal sub-populations, which have differential roles in sorting of the cargoes along endocytic degradative pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amulya Priya
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal-462023, India
| | - Jini Sugatha
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal-462023, India
| | - Sameena Parveen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal-462023, India
| | - Sandra Lacas-gervais
- Centre Commun de Microscopie Appliquée, Université Nice-Sophia Antipolis, 06108 Nice Cedex 2, France
| | - Prateek Raj
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Jérôme Gilleron
- INSERM U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire C3M, Nice, France
| | - Sunando Datta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal-462023, India
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15
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Vergoni B, Cornejo PJ, Gilleron J, Djedaini M, Ceppo F, Jacquel A, Bouget G, Ginet C, Gonzalez T, Maillet J, Dhennin V, Verbanck M, Auberger P, Froguel P, Tanti JF, Cormont M. DNA Damage and the Activation of the p53 Pathway Mediate Alterations in Metabolic and Secretory Functions of Adipocytes. Diabetes 2016; 65:3062-74. [PMID: 27388216 DOI: 10.2337/db16-0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Activation of the p53 pathway in adipose tissue contributes to insulin resistance associated with obesity. However, the mechanisms of p53 activation and the effect on adipocyte functions are still elusive. Here we found a higher level of DNA oxidation and a reduction in telomere length in adipose tissue of mice fed a high-fat diet and an increase in DNA damage and activation of the p53 pathway in adipocytes. Interestingly, hallmarks of chronic DNA damage are visible at the onset of obesity. Furthermore, injection of lean mice with doxorubicin, a DNA damage-inducing drug, increased the expression of chemokines in adipose tissue and promoted its infiltration by proinflammatory macrophages and neutrophils together with adipocyte insulin resistance. In vitro, DNA damage in adipocytes increased the expression of chemokines and triggered the production of chemotactic factors for macrophages and neutrophils. Insulin signaling and effect on glucose uptake and Glut4 translocation were decreased, and lipolysis was increased. These events were prevented by p53 inhibition, whereas its activation by nutlin-3 reproduced the DNA damage-induced adverse effects. This study reveals that DNA damage in obese adipocytes could trigger p53-dependent signals involved in alteration of adipocyte metabolism and secretory function leading to adipose tissue inflammation, adipocyte dysfunction, and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastien Vergoni
- INSERM, UMR 1065, C3M, Team 7 Molecular and Cellular Physiopathology of Obesity and Diabetes, Nice, France Université Côte d'Azur, C3M, Nice, France
| | - Pierre-Jean Cornejo
- INSERM, UMR 1065, C3M, Team 7 Molecular and Cellular Physiopathology of Obesity and Diabetes, Nice, France Université Côte d'Azur, C3M, Nice, France
| | - Jérôme Gilleron
- INSERM, UMR 1065, C3M, Team 7 Molecular and Cellular Physiopathology of Obesity and Diabetes, Nice, France Université Côte d'Azur, C3M, Nice, France
| | - Mansour Djedaini
- INSERM, UMR 1065, C3M, Team 7 Molecular and Cellular Physiopathology of Obesity and Diabetes, Nice, France Université Côte d'Azur, C3M, Nice, France
| | - Franck Ceppo
- INSERM, UMR 1065, C3M, Team 7 Molecular and Cellular Physiopathology of Obesity and Diabetes, Nice, France Université Côte d'Azur, C3M, Nice, France
| | - Arnaud Jacquel
- Université Côte d'Azur, C3M, Nice, France INSERM, UMR 1065, C3M, Team 2 Cell Death, Differentiation and Cancer, Nice, France
| | - Gwennaelle Bouget
- INSERM, UMR 1065, C3M, Team 7 Molecular and Cellular Physiopathology of Obesity and Diabetes, Nice, France Université Côte d'Azur, C3M, Nice, France
| | - Clémence Ginet
- INSERM, UMR 1065, C3M, Team 7 Molecular and Cellular Physiopathology of Obesity and Diabetes, Nice, France Université Côte d'Azur, C3M, Nice, France
| | - Teresa Gonzalez
- INSERM, UMR 1065, C3M, Team 7 Molecular and Cellular Physiopathology of Obesity and Diabetes, Nice, France Université Côte d'Azur, C3M, Nice, France INSERM, UMR 1062, Nutrition, Obesity and Risk of Thrombosis, Marseille, France
| | - Julie Maillet
- CNRS, UMR 8199, Lille Pasteur Institute, Lille, France Lille University, Lille, France European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Lille, France
| | - Véronique Dhennin
- CNRS, UMR 8199, Lille Pasteur Institute, Lille, France Lille University, Lille, France European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Lille, France
| | - Marie Verbanck
- CNRS, UMR 8199, Lille Pasteur Institute, Lille, France Lille University, Lille, France European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Lille, France
| | - Patrick Auberger
- Université Côte d'Azur, C3M, Nice, France INSERM, UMR 1065, C3M, Team 2 Cell Death, Differentiation and Cancer, Nice, France
| | - Philippe Froguel
- CNRS, UMR 8199, Lille Pasteur Institute, Lille, France Lille University, Lille, France European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Lille, France Department of Genomics of Common Disease, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, U.K
| | - Jean-François Tanti
- INSERM, UMR 1065, C3M, Team 7 Molecular and Cellular Physiopathology of Obesity and Diabetes, Nice, France Université Côte d'Azur, C3M, Nice, France
| | - Mireille Cormont
- INSERM, UMR 1065, C3M, Team 7 Molecular and Cellular Physiopathology of Obesity and Diabetes, Nice, France Université Côte d'Azur, C3M, Nice, France
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Segretain D, Gilleron J, Bacro JN, Di Marco M, Carette D, Pointis G. Ultrastructural localization and distribution of Nardilysin in mammalian male germ cells. Basic Clin Androl 2016; 26:5. [PMID: 27051521 PMCID: PMC4820967 DOI: 10.1186/s12610-016-0032-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background NRD convertase, also termed Nardilysin, is a Zn++ metalloendopeptidase that specifically cleaves the N-terminus of arginine and lysine residues into dibasic moieties. Although this enzyme was found located within the testis, its function in male reproduction is largely unknown. In addition, the precise distribution of this enzyme within germ cells remains to be determined. Methods To answer these questions, we developed an immuno-gold electron microscopy analysis to detect Nardilysin at ultrastructural level in mice. In addition, we performed a quantitative analysis of these gold particles to statistically estimate the distribution of Nardilysin in the different subcellular compartments of differentiating late spermatids/spermatozoa. Results Expression of Nardilysin in wild-type mice was restricted to germ cells and markedly increased during the last steps of spermiogenesis. In elongated spermatids, we found the enzyme mainly localized in the cytoplasm, more precisely associated with two microtubular structures, the manchette and the axoneme. No labelling was detected over the membranous organelles of the spermatids. To test whether this localization is dependent of the functional microtubules organization of the flagella, we analysed the localization into a specific mouse mutant ebo/ebo (ébouriffé) known to be sterile due to an impairment of the final organization of the flagellum. In the ebo/ebo, the enzyme was still localized over the microtubules of the axoneme and over the isolated cytoplasmic microtubules doublets. Quantification of gold particles in wild-type and mutant flagella revealed the specific association of the enzyme within the microtubular area of the axoneme. Conclusions The strong and specific accumulation of Nardilysin in the manchette and axoneme suggests that the enzyme probably contributes either to the establishment of these specific microtubular structures and/or to their functional properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Segretain
- UMR S 1147 Université Paris Descartes, 45 rue des Saint-Pères, 75006 Paris, France ; Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Versailles, 78000 France
| | - J Gilleron
- INSERM U 1065, Université Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 151 route Saint-Antoine de Ginestière BP 2 3194, 06204, Nice, cedex 3 France
| | - J N Bacro
- Institut de Mathématiques et de Modélisation de Montpellier (I3M), UMR CNRS 5149 Université Montpellier, CC 51; 4 place Eugène Bataillon 34095, Montpellier, cedex 5 France
| | - M Di Marco
- UMR S 1147 Université Paris Descartes, 45 rue des Saint-Pères, 75006 Paris, France ; Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Versailles, 78000 France
| | - D Carette
- UMR S 1147 Université Paris Descartes, 45 rue des Saint-Pères, 75006 Paris, France ; Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Versailles, 78000 France
| | - G Pointis
- INSERM U 1065, Université Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 151 route Saint-Antoine de Ginestière BP 2 3194, 06204, Nice, cedex 3 France
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Carette D, Gilleron J, Denizot JP, Grant K, Pointis G, Segretain D. New cellular mechanisms of gap junction degradation and recycling. Biol Cell 2015; 107:218-31. [PMID: 25818265 DOI: 10.1111/boc.201400048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND INFORMATION Connexins (Cxs), the constitutive proteins of gap junctions, are key actors of many physiological processes. Therefore, alterations of Cx expression and degradation lead to the development of physiopathological disorders. Because of the formation of a double membrane vesicle termed annular gap junction (AGJ), gap junction degradation is a unique physiological process for which many cellular aspects remain unclear. RESULTS By using a combination of time-lapse fluorescence microscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, we evidenced new specific cellular events concerning gap junction degradation and recycling. Indeed, by time lapse video microscopy we demonstrated, for the first time to our knowledge, that an entire AGJ can be fully recycled back to the plasma membrane. Moreover, we dissected the degradative processes of gap junction by electron microscopy approaches. Interestingly, in addition to canonical autophagy and heterophagy pathways, previously described, we discovered that both pathways could sometimes intermingle. Strikingly, our results also highlighted a new lysosome-based autophagy pathway that could play a pivotal role in common autophagy degradation. CONCLUSIONS The present investigation reveals that AGJ degradation is a more complex process that it was previously thought. First, a complete recycling of the gap junction plaque after its internalisation could occur. Second, the degradation of this peculiar double membrane structure is possible through autophagy, heterophagy, hetero-autophagy or by lysosomal-based autophagy. Altogether, this work underlines novel aspects of gap junction degradation that could be extended to other cell biology processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane Carette
- INSERM U 1065, Team 5 «Physiopathological control of germ cell proliferation: genomic and non-genomic mechanisms», University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Nice cedex 3, 06204, France.,UMR S1147, University Paris Descartes, Paris, 75006, France.,University of Versailles, Saint Quentin, 78035, France
| | - Jérôme Gilleron
- INSERM U 1065, Team 5 «Physiopathological control of germ cell proliferation: genomic and non-genomic mechanisms», University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Nice cedex 3, 06204, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Denizot
- Unité de Neurosciences, Information et Complexité, CNRS UPR3293, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91190, France
| | - Kirsty Grant
- Unité de Neurosciences, Information et Complexité, CNRS UPR3293, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91190, France
| | - Georges Pointis
- INSERM U 1065, Team 5 «Physiopathological control of germ cell proliferation: genomic and non-genomic mechanisms», University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Nice cedex 3, 06204, France
| | - Dominique Segretain
- UMR S1147, University Paris Descartes, Paris, 75006, France.,University of Versailles, Saint Quentin, 78035, France
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18
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Perrin L, Lacas-Gervais S, Gilleron J, Ceppo F, Prodon F, Benmerah A, Tanti JF, Cormont M. Rab4b controls an early endosome sorting event by interacting with the γ-subunit of the clathrin adaptor complex 1. J Cell Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.145946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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19
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Perrin L, Laura P, Lacas-Gervais S, Sandra LG, Gilleron J, Jérôme G, Ceppo F, Franck C, Prodon F, François P, Benmerah A, Alexandre B, Tanti JF, Jean-François T, Cormont M, Mireille C. Rab4b controls an early endosome sorting event by interacting with the γ-subunit of the clathrin adaptor complex 1. J Cell Sci 2013; 126:4950-62. [PMID: 24006255 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.130575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The endocytic pathway is essential for cell homeostasis and numerous small Rab GTPases are involved in its control. The endocytic trafficking step controlled by Rab4b has not been elucidated, although recent data suggested it could be important for glucose homeostasis, synaptic homeostasis or adaptive immunity. Here, we show that Rab4b is required for early endosome sorting of transferrin receptors (TfRs) to the recycling endosomes, and we identified the AP1γ subunit of the clathrin adaptor AP-1 as a Rab4b effector and key component of the machinery of early endosome sorting. We show that internalised transferrin (Tf) does not reach Vamp3/Rab11 recycling endosomes in the absence of Rab4b, whereas it is rapidly recycled back to the plasma membrane. By contrast, overexpression of Rab4b leads to the accumulation of internalised Tf within AP-1- and clathrin-coated vesicles. These vesicles are poor in early and recycling endocytic markers except for TfR and require AP1γ for their formation. Furthermore, the targeted overexpression of the Rab4b-binding domain of AP1γ to early endosome upon its fusion with FYVE domains inhibited the interaction between Rab4b and endogenous AP1γ, and perturbed Tf traffic. We thus proposed that the interaction between early endocytic Rab4b and AP1γ could allow the budding of clathrin-coated vesicles for subsequent traffic to recycling endosomes. The data also uncover a novel type of endosomes, characterised by low abundance of either early or recycling endocytic markers, which could potentially be generated in cell types that naturally express high level of Rab4b.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Perrin Laura
- INSERM U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire C3M, Nice, France
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Chevallier D, Carette D, Gilleron J, Segretain D, Pointis G. The Emerging Role of Connexin 43 in Testis Pathogenesis. Curr Mol Med 2013; 13:1331-44. [DOI: 10.2174/15665240113139990066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2013] [Revised: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Mauro V, Carette D, Pontier-Bres R, Dompierre J, Czerucka D, Segretain D, Gilleron J, Pointis G. The anti-mitotic drug griseofulvin induces apoptosis of human germ cell tumor cells through a connexin 43-dependent molecular mechanism. Apoptosis 2013; 18:480-91. [DOI: 10.1007/s10495-012-0800-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Gilleron J, Carette D, Chevallier D, Segretain D, Pointis G. Molecular connexin partner remodeling orchestrates connexin traffic: from physiology to pathophysiology. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2012; 47:407-23. [PMID: 22551357 DOI: 10.3109/10409238.2012.683482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Connexins, through gap junctional intercellular communication, are known to regulate many physiological functions involved in developmental processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation, migration and apoptosis. Strikingly, alterations of connexin expression and trafficking are often, if not always, associated with human developmental diseases and carcinogenesis. In this respect, disrupted trafficking dynamics and aberrant intracytoplasmic localization of connexins are considered as typical features of functionality failure leading to the pathological state. Recent findings demonstrate that interactions of connexins with numerous protein partners, which take place throughout connexin trafficking, are essential for gap junction formation, membranous stabilization and degradation. In the present study, we give an overview of the physiological molecular machinery and of the specific interactions between connexins and their partners, which are involved in connexin trafficking, and we highlight their changes in pathological situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Gilleron
- INSERM U 1065, University Nice Sophia Antipolis, Team 5, C3M, 151 route Saint-Antoine de Ginestière, France
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Gilleron J, Malassiné A, Carette D, Segretain D, Pointis G. Chemical connexin impairment in the developing gonad associated with offspring infertility. Curr Med Chem 2012; 18:5145-58. [PMID: 22050760 DOI: 10.2174/092986711797636117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2011] [Revised: 09/03/2011] [Accepted: 09/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A dramatical decline in human male reproductive function has been reported for the past 20 years. Many recent epidemiological, clinical and experimental findings suggest that the reproductive dysfunction could result from prenatal and neonatal chemical compound exposure. Even if numerous studies argue for a relationship between male infertility and environmental and/or occupational exposure, the molecular mechanisms by which these anti-reproductive compounds act are still unclear. Recent findings showed that a family of transmembranous proteins, connexins, regulates numerous physiological functions involved in the development such as cell proliferation, differentiation, migration and apoptosis. In the testis and the ovary, connexins are known to be essential for the establishment and the maintenance of spermatogenesis in males and oogenesis and folliculogenesis in females. Moreover, mutation of connexin genes leads to several developmental human diseases (myelin-related diseases, hearing loss, congenital cataract, skin disorders or more complex syndromes such as the oculodendrodigital dysplasia....) and altered connexin expression, trafficking and degradation are often associated with the tumoral process. We propose, in the present work, to give an overview of connexin expression and intercellular gap junction coupling during development: in preimplantation, implantation and postimplantation embryos. Moreover, we underline the impact of maternal chemical exposure on connexin expression during fetal gonad development and we link this effect to future offspring fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Gilleron
- INSERM U 895, University Sophia Antipolis, Team 5 «Physiopathology of Germ Cell Control: Genomic and Non Genomic Mechanisms», C3M, 06204 Nice Cedex 3, France
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Pointis G, Gilleron J, Carette D, Segretain D. Testicular connexin 43, a precocious molecular target for the effect of environmental toxicants on male fertility. Spermatogenesis 2011; 1:303-317. [PMID: 22332114 DOI: 10.4161/spmg.1.4.18392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2011] [Revised: 10/10/2011] [Accepted: 10/10/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Many recent epidemiological, clinical and experimental findings support the hypothesis that environmental toxicants are responsible for the increasing male reproductive disorders (congenital malformations, declining sperm counts and testicular cancer) over the past 20 years. It has also been reported that exposure to these toxicants, during critical periods of development (fetal and neonatal), represents a more considerable risk for animals and humans than exposure during adulthood. However, the molecular targets for these chemicals have not been clearly identified. Recent studies showed that a family of transmembranous proteins, named connexins, regulates numerous physiological processes involved in testicular development and function, such as Sertoli and germ cell proliferation, differentiation, germ cell migration and apoptosis. In the testis, knockout strategy revealed that connexin 43, the predominant connexin in this organ, is essential for spermatogenesis. In addition, there is evidence that many environmental toxicants could alter testicular connexin 43 by dysregulation of numerous mechanisms controlling its function. In the present work, we propose first to give an overview of connexin expression and intercellular gap junction coupling in the developing fetal and neonatal testes. Second, we underline the impact of maternally chemical exposure on connexin 43 expression in the perinatal developing testis. Lastly, we attempt to link this precocious effect to male offspring fertility.
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Gilleron J, Carette D, Fiorini C, Dompierre J, Macia E, Denizot JP, Segretain D, Pointis G. The large GTPase dynamin2: A new player in connexin 43 gap junction endocytosis, recycling and degradation. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2011; 43:1208-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2011.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2011] [Revised: 04/14/2011] [Accepted: 04/18/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Segretain D, Zeghimi A, Carette D, Carpentier F, Dompierre J, Gilleron J, Pointis G. Connexines testiculaires: marqueurs physiopathologiques et cibles potentielles aux toxiques environnementaux. Basic Clin Androl 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s12610-011-0123-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Résumé
Les jonctions communicantes et leurs protéines constitutives, les connexines (Cxs), sont des constituants nécessaires à la cohésion tissulaire et reconnus comme suppresseurs de tumeurs. Le but de la présente revue est de faire le point sur l’organisation et le rôle des Cxs au sein du testicule et d’analyser leur expression en physiopathologie testiculaire. Organisées en structures hexamèriques formant un canal reliant directement les cytoplasmes des cellules adjacentes, les Cxs sont impliquées dans de nombreux processus physiologiques tels que la prolifération et la différenciation cellulaires. Le maintien d’une balance entre prolifération, différenciation et apoptose est un équilibre primordial évitant une prolifération cellulaire anarchique, risque de cancer. La spermatogenèse est un modèle sophistiqué de prolifération et de différenciation des cellules germinales dans lequel les Cxs jouent un rôle essentiel. Il est acquis qu’une altération de l’expression membranaire des Cxs est l’un des signes avant-coureurs de la cinétique tumorale germinale, et il a été suggéré que les toxiques environnementaux qui, dans leur grande majorité, affectent l’expression de ces protéines, puissent être impliqués dans le développement de cette pathologie. La recherche de molécules capables de freiner les effets délétères de toxiques carcinogènes sur les Cxs semble être à l’heure actuelle une voie intéressante ouvrant de nouvelles perspectives en santé humaine.
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Mauro V, Chevallier D, Gilleron J, Defamie N, Carette D, Gasc J, Segretain D, Pointis G. Aberrant Cytoplasmic Accumulation of Connexin 43 in Human Testicular Seminoma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.2174/1875318300801010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In the present study Cx43 mRNA and protein were analyzed in germ cells of men with normal spermatogenesis
and in human testicular seminoma. In normal testis Cx43 mRNAs were basally located within seminiferous tubules and
expressed in the most basally located germ cells (spermatogonia, early spermatocytes, and pachytene spermatocytes) and
in Sertoli cells. Immunofluorescence analysis showed that Cx43 signal was mainly located in the basal compartment of
seminiferous tubules and was stage-dependent. Cx43 mRNAs were also detected in human testicular seminoma.
Transcripts were present within seminoma cells identified by PLAP staining. However, Cx43 protein exhibited an
intracytoplasmic accumulation, within an intracellular compartment distinct from the Golgi apparatus and was
undetectable at the plasma membrane level, suggesting post-translational rather than transcriptional abnormalities. This
aberrant intracytoplasmic accumulation of Cx43 is due neither to a dysfunction of the protein trafficking machinery nor to
a specific alteration of its major protein partner, ZO-1, since the tight junction associated protein was detected at the
plasma membrane level and did not colocalize with Cx43.
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Godet M, Sabido O, Gilleron J, Durand P. Meiotic progression of rat spermatocytes requires mitogen-activated protein kinases of Sertoli cells and close contacts between the germ cells and the Sertoli cells. Dev Biol 2008; 315:173-88. [PMID: 18234180 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2007.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2007] [Revised: 12/06/2007] [Accepted: 12/17/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Progression of germ cells through meiosis is regulated by phosphorylation events. We previously showed the key role of cyclin dependent kinases in meiotic divisions of rat spermatocytes co-cultured with Sertoli cells (SC). In the present study, we used the same culture system to address the role of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in meiotic progression. Phosphorylated ERK1/2 were detected in vivo and in freshly isolated SC and in pachytene spermatocytes (PS) as early as 3 h after seeding on SC. The yield of the two meiotic divisions and the percentage of highly MPM-2-labeled pachytene and secondary spermatocytes (SII) were decreased in co-cultures treated with U0126, an inhibitor of the ERK-activating kinases, MEK1/2. Pre-incubation of PS with U0126 resulted in a reduced number of in vitro formed round spermatids without modifying the number of SII or the MPM-2 labeling of PS or SII. Conversely, pre-treatment of SC with U0126 led to a decrease in the percentage of highly MPM-2-labeled PS associated with a decreased number of SII and round spermatids. These results show that meiotic progression of spermatocytes is dependent on SC-activated MAPKs. In addition, high MPM-2 labeling was not acquired by PS cultured alone in Sertoli cell conditioned media, indicating a specific need for cell-cell contact between germ cells and SC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murielle Godet
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Lyon F-69003, France.
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Pointis G, Fiorini C, Gilleron J, Carette D, Segretain D. Connexins as Precocious Markers and Molecular Targets for Chemical and Pharmacological Agents in Carcinogenesis. Curr Med Chem 2007; 14:2288-303. [PMID: 17896977 DOI: 10.2174/092986707781696564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Gap junctions, intercellular channels structured by the connexin protein family, have been implicated in the control of cell homeostasis, proliferation, differentiation and death. A loss of the gap junction intercellular communication and/or connexin dysfunction are typical features of cancer per se and have been associated with the effect of many carcinogens. Indeed, many early human neoplasia of various organs and human tumor cell lines exhibit deficient connexin-mediated communication expression mainly related, in a large number of observations, with an aberrant cytoplasmic localization of this membranous protein. Restoration of normal phenotype in transformed cells by restoration of exogenous connexin gave rise to the concept that connexins may act as tumor suppressors. However, the mechanisms by which connexins mediate such a tumor suppressor effect are multiple. They may result from: formation of functional channels; hemichannels or are directly associated with connexin expression. In addition, the literature shows that they may be dependent upon the cell type and the connexin type. In the present review, we analyze all these aspects of connexin/gap junction involvement in the carcinogenesis process, in human cancers and discuss the possibility of using connexins as potential anti-oncogenic targets for cancer chemoprevention and/or chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Pointis
- INSERM U 670, Faculté de Médecine, 27 avenue de Valombrose, 06107 Nice cedex 02, France.
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