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Kårlund A, Gómez-Gallego C, Turpeinen AM, Palo-Oja OM, El-Nezami H, Kolehmainen M. Protein Supplements and Their Relation with Nutrition, Microbiota Composition and Health: Is More Protein Always Better for Sportspeople? Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11040829. [PMID: 31013719 PMCID: PMC6521232 DOI: 10.3390/nu11040829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Sports nutrition products are developed and targeted mainly for athletes to improve their nutrient intake, performance, and muscle growth. The fastest growing consumer groups for these products are recreational sportspeople and lifestyle users. Although athletes may have elevated physiological protein requirements and they may benefit from dietary supplements, the evidence regarding the role of dietary protein and supplements in the nutrition of recreational sportspeople and sedentary populations is somewhat complex and contradictory. In high-protein diets, more undigested protein-derived constituents end up in the large intestine compared to moderate or low-protein diets, and hence, more bacterial amino acid metabolism takes place in the colon, having both positive and negative systemic and metabolic effects on the host. The aim of the present review is to summarize the impact of the high-protein products and diets on nutrition and health, in sportspeople and in sedentary consumers. We are opening the debate about the current protein intake recommendations, with an emphasis on evidence-based effects on intestinal microbiota and personalized guidelines regarding protein and amino acid supplementation in sportspeople and lifestyle consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kårlund
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Carlos Gómez-Gallego
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland.
| | | | - Outi-Maaria Palo-Oja
- Business School, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Hani El-Nezami
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland.
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Marjukka Kolehmainen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland.
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Santos-Hernández M, Miralles B, Amigo L, Recio I. Intestinal Signaling of Proteins and Digestion-Derived Products Relevant to Satiety. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:10123-10131. [PMID: 30056702 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b02355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Luminal nutrients stimulate enteroendocrine cells through the activation of specific receptors to release hormones that inhibit appetite and promote glucose homeostasis. While food protein is the macronutrient with the highest effect on satiety, the signaling on the protein digestion products at the gut is poorly understood. This perspective aims to highlight the existing gaps in the study of protein digestion products as signaling molecules in gastrointestinal enteroendocrine cells. Because dietary protein digestion can be modulated by the technological processes applied to food, it is possible to target gut receptors to control food intake by formulating specific food ingredients or protein preloads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Santos-Hernández
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL) , Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM) , Campus de Excelencia Internacional (CEI) UAM + CSIC, Nicolás Cabrera, 9 , 28049 Madrid , Spain
| | - Beatriz Miralles
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL) , Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM) , Campus de Excelencia Internacional (CEI) UAM + CSIC, Nicolás Cabrera, 9 , 28049 Madrid , Spain
| | - Lourdes Amigo
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL) , Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM) , Campus de Excelencia Internacional (CEI) UAM + CSIC, Nicolás Cabrera, 9 , 28049 Madrid , Spain
| | - Isidra Recio
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL) , Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM) , Campus de Excelencia Internacional (CEI) UAM + CSIC, Nicolás Cabrera, 9 , 28049 Madrid , Spain
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53
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Bartkiene E, Sakiene V, Bartkevics V, Juodeikiene G, Lele V, Wiacek C, Braun PG. Modulation of the nutritional value of lupine wholemeal and protein isolates using submerged and solid-state fermentation with Pediococcus pentosaceus
strains. Int J Food Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.13775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Bartkiene
- Lithuanian University of Health Sciences; Tilzes g. 18 LT-47181 Kaunas Lithuania
| | - Vytaute Sakiene
- Lithuanian University of Health Sciences; Tilzes g. 18 LT-47181 Kaunas Lithuania
| | - Vadims Bartkevics
- University of Latvia; Jelgavas iela 1 LV-1004 Riga Latvia
- Institute of Food Safety; Animal Health and Environment; Lejupes iela 3 LV-1076 Riga Latvia
| | | | - Vita Lele
- Lithuanian University of Health Sciences; Tilzes g. 18 LT-47181 Kaunas Lithuania
| | - Claudia Wiacek
- Institute of Food Hygiene; Universität Leipzig; An den Tierkliniken 1 04103 Leipzig Germany
| | - Peggy G. Braun
- Institute of Food Hygiene; Universität Leipzig; An den Tierkliniken 1 04103 Leipzig Germany
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54
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Sanctuary MR, Kain JN, Angkustsiri K, German JB. Dietary Considerations in Autism Spectrum Disorders: The Potential Role of Protein Digestion and Microbial Putrefaction in the Gut-Brain Axis. Front Nutr 2018; 5:40. [PMID: 29868601 PMCID: PMC5968124 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2018.00040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), characterized by a range of behavioral abnormalities and social deficits, display high incidence of gastrointestinal (GI) co-morbidities including chronic constipation and diarrhea. Research is now increasingly able to characterize the “fragile gut” in these children and understand the role that impairment of specific GI functions plays in the GI symptoms associated with ASD. This mechanistic understanding is extending to the interactions between diet and ASD, including food structure and protein digestive capacity in exacerbating autistic symptoms. Children with ASD and gut co-morbidities exhibit low digestive enzyme activity, impaired gut barrier integrity and the presence of antibodies specific for dietary proteins in the peripheral circulation. These findings support the hypothesis that entry of dietary peptides from the gut lumen into the vasculature are associated with an aberrant immune response. Furthermore, a subset of children with ASD exhibit high concentrations of metabolites originating from microbial activity on proteinaceous substrates. Taken together, the combination of specific protein intakes poor digestion, gut barrier integrity, microbiota composition and function all on a background of ASD represents a phenotypic pattern. A potential consequence of this pattern of conditions is that the fragile gut of some children with ASD is at risk for GI symptoms that may be amenable to improvement with specific dietary changes. There is growing evidence that shows an association between gut dysfunction and dysbiosis and ASD symptoms. It is therefore urgent to perform more experimental and clinical research on the “fragile gut” in children with ASD in order to move toward advancements in clinical practice. Identifying those factors that are of clinical value will provide an evidence-based path to individual management and targeted solutions; from real time sensing to the design of diets with personalized protein source/processing, all to improve GI function in children with ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan R Sanctuary
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Jennifer N Kain
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior Department, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Kathleen Angkustsiri
- School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, UC Davis MIND Institute, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - J Bruce German
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States.,Foods for Health Institute, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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55
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Demers-Mathieu V, Underwood MA, Beverly RL, Nielsen SD, Dallas DC. Comparison of Human Milk Immunoglobulin Survival during Gastric Digestion between Preterm and Term Infants. Nutrients 2018; 10:E631. [PMID: 29772785 PMCID: PMC5986510 DOI: 10.3390/nu10050631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Human milk provides immunoglobulins (Igs) that supplement the passive immune system of neonates; however, the extent of survival of these Igs during gastric digestion and whether this differs between preterm and term infants remains unknown. Human milk, and infant gastric samples at 2 h post-ingestion were collected from 15 preterm (23⁻32 week gestational age (GA)) mother-infant pairs and from 8 term (38⁻40 week of GA) mother-infant pairs within 7⁻98 days postnatal age. Samples were analyzed via ELISA for concentration of total IgA (secretory IgA (SIgA)/IgA), total secretory component (SC/SIgA/SIgM), total IgM (SIgM/IgM), and IgG as well as peptidomics. Total IgA concentration decreased by 60% from human milk to the preterm infant stomach and decreased by 48% in the term infant stomach. Total IgM and IgG concentrations decreased by 33% and 77%, respectively, from human milk to the term infant stomach but were stable in the preterm infant stomach. Release of peptides from all Ig isotypes in the term infant stomach was higher than in the preterm stomach. Overall, the stability of human milk Igs during gastric digestion is higher in preterm infant than in term infants, which could be beneficial for assisting the preterm infants' immature immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronique Demers-Mathieu
- Nutrition Program, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
| | - Mark A Underwood
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
| | - Robert L Beverly
- Nutrition Program, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
| | - Søren D Nielsen
- Nutrition Program, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
| | - David C Dallas
- Nutrition Program, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
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56
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Bartkiene E, Sakiene V, Bartkevics V, Rusko J, Lele V, Juodeikiene G, Wiacek C, Braun PG. Lupinus angustifolius L. lactofermentation and protein isolation: effects on phenolic compounds and genistein, antioxidant properties, trypsin inhibitor activity, and protein digestibility. Eur Food Res Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-018-3066-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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57
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Bertram HC, Jakobsen LMA. Nutrimetabolomics: integrating metabolomics in nutrition to disentangle intake of animal-based foods. Metabolomics 2018; 14:34. [PMID: 30830329 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-018-1322-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Food intake and metabolization of foods is a complex and multi-facetted process that encompasses the introduction of new metabolite compounds in our body, initiation or alterations in endogenous metabolic processes and biochemical pathways, and likely also involving the activity of the gut microbial community that we host. The explorative nature of metabolomics makes it a superior tool for examining the whole response to food intake in a more thorough way and has led to the introduction of the term nutrimetabolomics. Protein derived from animal sources constitutes an important part of our diet, and there is therefore an interest in understanding how these animal-derived dietary sources influence us metabolically. This review aims to illuminate how the introduction of nutrimetabolomics has contributed to gain novel insight into metabolic and nutritional aspects related to intake of animal-based foods.
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