51
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Bhat TA, Hussain SZ, Wani SM, Rather MA, Reshi M, Naseer B, Qadri T, Khalil A. The impact of different drying methods on antioxidant activity, polyphenols, vitamin C and rehydration characteristics of Kiwifruit. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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52
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Wang Y, Lei Z, Ye R, Zhou W, Zhou Y, Zou Z, Li J, Yi L, Dai Z. Effects of Cadmium on Physiochemistry and Bioactive Substances of Muskmelon ( Cucumis melo L.). Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27092913. [PMID: 35566265 PMCID: PMC9101123 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Muskmelon pedicel is the fruit stalk of muskmelon and one of the traditional Chinese medicines, which can be used to treat jaundice, diabetes and neuropathy. However, in recent years, agricultural soil heavy metal cadmium (Cd) pollution has become serious, coupled with the imperfect sales management of herbal medicine, increasing the potential health risk of contaminated herbal medicine in the human body. In this paper, the comprehensive quality of contaminated muskmelon was tested. The results showed that Cd stress significantly inhibited the growth of muskmelon plants, reduced the anthocyanin and chlorophyll contents, and increased the fruit size and sweetness of muskmelon. In addition, heavy metal Cd can also cause oxidative stress in plants, resulting in a series of changes in antioxidant enzyme activities. In the experimental group, the content of polyphenols and saponins increased by 27.02% and 23.92%, respectively, after high-concentration Cd treatment, which may be a mechanism of plant resistance to stress. This paper reveals that the content of bioactive substances in Chinese herbal medicine is high, but the harm in heavy metals cannot be underestimated, which should be paid attention to by relevant departments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunqiang Wang
- Institute of Economic Crops, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan 430064, China; (Y.W.); (W.Z.); (L.Y.)
- Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Genetic Improvement Key Laboratory of Hubei Province, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Zhen Lei
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China; (Z.L.); (R.Y.); (Y.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Rongbin Ye
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China; (Z.L.); (R.Y.); (Y.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Wei Zhou
- Institute of Economic Crops, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan 430064, China; (Y.W.); (W.Z.); (L.Y.)
- Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Genetic Improvement Key Laboratory of Hubei Province, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China; (Z.L.); (R.Y.); (Y.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Zhengkang Zou
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China; (Z.L.); (R.Y.); (Y.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Junli Li
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China; (Z.L.); (R.Y.); (Y.Z.); (Z.Z.)
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (Z.D.)
| | - Licong Yi
- Institute of Economic Crops, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan 430064, China; (Y.W.); (W.Z.); (L.Y.)
- Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Genetic Improvement Key Laboratory of Hubei Province, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Zhaoyi Dai
- Institute of Economic Crops, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan 430064, China; (Y.W.); (W.Z.); (L.Y.)
- Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Genetic Improvement Key Laboratory of Hubei Province, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan 430064, China
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (Z.D.)
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Chitra L, Penislusshiyan S, Soundariya M, Logeswari S, Rajesh RV, Palvannan T. Anti-acetylcholinesterase activity of Corallocarpus epigaeus tuber: In vitro kinetics, in silico docking and molecular dynamics analysis. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.132450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Ahamad S, Mohammad Azmin SNH, Mat Nor MS, Zamzuri NDD, Babar M. Recent trends in pre‐processing and extraction of watermelon rind extract: A comprehensive review. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.16711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shahirah Ahamad
- Faculty of Agro‐Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan Jeli Campus, 17600 Jeli Kelantan Malaysia
- Bio Tajmeel Cosmeceutical Sdn Bhd, Lot 3174, Batu 23, Jalan Machang‐ Kota Bharu, 18500 Machang, Kelantan
| | | | - Mohd Shukri Mat Nor
- Jeli Agricultural Technology (DC0008911‐T), PT7458 Kampung Gemang Baru, 17700 Ayer Lanas Jeli Kelantan Malaysia
| | - Nur Dini Dayana Zamzuri
- Faculty of Agro‐Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan Jeli Campus, 17600 Jeli Kelantan Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Babar
- Chemical Engineering Department Khwaja Fareed University of Information Technology (KFUEIT), Rahimyar Khan Pakistan
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Extracts of Eucalyptus alba Promote Diabetic Wound Healing by Inhibiting α-Glucosidase and Stimulating Cell Proliferation. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:4953105. [PMID: 35463094 PMCID: PMC9033357 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4953105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of diabetic wounds has always been a challenge for primary and acute health care. Eucalyptus alba has been reported to be used for the treatment of wounds and oxidative stress. Effects of using different temperatures and solvents for the extraction of Eucalyptus alba leaves were investigated in terms of diabetic wound healing activity. Leaves of E. alba were dried at 10°C, 30°C, 50°C, and 100°C, and dissolved in ethanol, methanol, and acetone to obtain a total of 12 extracts. All the extracts have remarkable antidiabetic, antioxidant, and cell proliferation activities. Among the tested extracts, highest activities were observed with leaves dried at 10°C and 30°C, whereas drying at 100°C resulted in the lowest activities. Ethanol-based extracts exhibited significantly increased cell proliferation compared with methanol- and acetone-based extract. The present study suggests that leaves of E. alba should be dried at temperature not more than 30°C and extracted in ethanol for optimum results. However, further studies should focus on the identification of specific bioactive compounds in E. alba leaves.
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56
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Effect of Drying Methods and Processing Conditions on the Quality of Curcuma longa Powder. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10040702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Turmeric (Curcuma longa) is a spice that has been used for a long time in traditional medicine for its anti-inflammatory properties and recently used in the food industry for its dyeing and flavoring properties. This work studied the effect of different drying methods (convection oven drying, fluidized bed drying, and traditional solar drying) on the quality of Curcuma longa powder. The effect of UV radiation on turmeric powder using different packaging materials (glass, aluminum foil bag, and low-density polyethylene bag), was also studied. Subsequently, the fluidized bed drying method was used to evaluate the effect of drying temperature. The results show that convection and fluidized bed drying had no significant impact on turmeric quality. However, solar drying degraded curcuminoids by 36.5% and the ORAC value decreased by 14%. Regarding the packaging materials, the aluminum bag prevented the deterioration of 14% of the curcuminoids for the powder exposed to UV radiation. Finally, the effect of temperature on fluidized bed drying was evaluated at 50–80 °C, finding that there were no significant differences in the curcuminoid content and antioxidant capacity of turmeric powder. This implies that the range of temperature used in this study is appropriate for drying this material using fluidized bed drying, producing a turmeric powder with a high content of bioactive compounds, when compared to convection oven and solar drying. Therefore, the turmeric powder obtained in this way can be used as an active ingredient in the formulation of different kinds of foods and supplements.
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De Martino L, Caputo L, Amato G, Iannone M, Barba AA, De Feo V. Postharvest Microwave Drying of Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.): The Influence of Treatments on the Quality of Dried Products. Foods 2022; 11:foods11071029. [PMID: 35407116 PMCID: PMC8998133 DOI: 10.3390/foods11071029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Edible herbs are widely used in the human diet due to their pleasant flavors and countless health benefits associated with their components having, mainly, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory therapeutic functions. Since herbs are highly perishable materials because of their high water content, to guarantee products are safe and stable over time, it is necessary that they undergo stabilization operations. The application of microwave-assisted drying, a promising technique in terms of process sustainability, for the stabilization of the aromatic herb, Ocimum basilicum L., was investigated. The activities were carried out by applying different operating conditions in order to evaluate the impact of the time/temperature combination on the final quality of dried basil. The latter was investigated via the chemical characterization of extracted essential oils and tissue damages. Conventional convective processes were also applied to perform comparisons between dried basil products both under production and the quality preservation points of view. Results showed that microwave heating is suitable as a drying method, as expected, due to the well-known interaction between vegetable tissue (rich in water) and the electromagnetic field; and that drying methods have a different influence on the chemical composition of the essential oils extracted from dried products, in terms of the number (ranging from 41 to 18 components in different dried samples) and percentage (until 67% in linalool and 21% in α-trans-bergamotene in different dried samples) of its’ constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura De Martino
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (L.D.M.); (L.C.); (G.A.); (M.I.); (V.D.F.)
| | - Lucia Caputo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (L.D.M.); (L.C.); (G.A.); (M.I.); (V.D.F.)
| | - Giuseppe Amato
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (L.D.M.); (L.C.); (G.A.); (M.I.); (V.D.F.)
| | - Marco Iannone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (L.D.M.); (L.C.); (G.A.); (M.I.); (V.D.F.)
| | - Anna Angela Barba
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (L.D.M.); (L.C.); (G.A.); (M.I.); (V.D.F.)
- EST Srl, University Spin-Off, Via Circumvallazione n.39, 83100 Avellino, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-089969240
| | - Vincenzo De Feo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (L.D.M.); (L.C.); (G.A.); (M.I.); (V.D.F.)
- Institute of Food Science, CNR, Via Roma, 83100 Avellino, Italy
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58
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Caputo L, Amato G, de Bartolomeis P, De Martino L, Manna F, Nazzaro F, De Feo V, Barba AA. Impact of drying methods on the yield and chemistry of Origanum vulgare L. essential oil. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3845. [PMID: 35264638 PMCID: PMC8907181 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07841-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) is mainly cultivated, both as fresh and dried herb, for several purposes, such as ailments, drugs, and spices. To evaluate the influence of some drying methods on the chemical composition of the essential oil of oregano, its aerial parts were dehydrated by convective drying techniques (shade, static oven), microwave-assisted heating (three different treatments) and osmotic treatment. The oils were analyzed by GC-FID and GC-MS. The highest essential oil yield was achieved from microwave and shade drying methods. In total, 39 components were found, with carvacrol (ranging from 56.2 to 81.4%) being the main constituent; other compounds present in lower amounts were p-cymene (1.6-17.7%), γ-terpinene (0.8-14.2%), α-pinene (0.1-2.1%), thymol methyl ether (0.4-1.8%) and thimoquinone (0.5-3.5%). The essential oil yields varied among the different treatments as well as the relative compositions. The percentages of p-cymene, γ-terpinene and α-pinene decreased significantly in the dried sample compared with the fresh sample; on the other hand, carvacrol, isoborneol and linalool increased significantly in the dried materials. The choice of the drying method for obtaining the essential oil therefore appears crucial not only in relation to the higher yield but also and above all in reference to the percentage presence of components that can direct the essential oil toward an appropriate use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Caputo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Amato
- Istituto di Scienze dell'Alimentazione, CNR, Via Roma 60, 83100, Avellino, Italy
| | - Pietro de Bartolomeis
- Caselle Società Agricola Srl, Via Mare Mediterraneo 18, 84098, Pontecagnano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Laura De Martino
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy.
| | - Francesco Manna
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Filomena Nazzaro
- Istituto di Scienze dell'Alimentazione, CNR, Via Roma 60, 83100, Avellino, Italy
| | - Vincenzo De Feo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy.,Istituto di Scienze dell'Alimentazione, CNR, Via Roma 60, 83100, Avellino, Italy
| | - Anna Angela Barba
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
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59
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Reversible Electroporation and Post-Electroporation Resting of Thai Basil Leaves Prior to Convective and Vacuum Drying. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12052343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Pretreatment by reversible electroporation followed by resting (storage under saturated moisture at 21 ± 2 °C) was evaluated for modification of the properties of dried and rehydrated Thai basil leaves. The treated leaves were dried by convection at 40 °C or in a vacuum at room temperature. The results showed that vacuum drying provoked more cell damage and tissue collapse than convective air drying at a moisture ratio (MR) of 0.2 and 0.1. Under this level of MR, the pulsed electric field (PEF) and resting pretreatment exerts a protective effect of the tissue for both drying methods. However, under complete dehydration (water activity, aw = 0.05) damage seems to be similar for both drying methods despite the PEF pretreatment. Remarkably, reversible electroporation followed by resting resulted in higher trichome preservation. At MR of 0.05, the area of trichomes on the surface of convective-dried, PEF-rested and fresh samples were not statistically different at 2267 ± 89 µm2 and 2218 ± 65 µm2, respectively, showing that this pretreatment still exerts a protective effect on trichomes when complete dehydration is achieved.
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Samakradhamrongthai RS, Nortuy N, Jannu T, Supawan T, Chanakun P, Yimkaew Y, Renaldi G. Influence of three drying methods on physicochemical properties of okra (
Abelmoschus esculentus
L.) powder. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.16381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajnibhas Sukeaw Samakradhamrongthai
- Food Science and Technology Program, Faculty of Agro‐Industry Prince of Songkla University Hat Yai Thailand
- Agro‐Industrial Product Development Research Unit, Faculty of Agro‐Industry Prince of Songkla University Hat Yai Thailand
- Cluster of Innovation Food and Agro‐Industry Faculty of Agro‐Industry Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai Thailand
| | - Nutthamon Nortuy
- Agro‐Industrial Product Development Research Unit, Faculty of Agro‐Industry Prince of Songkla University Hat Yai Thailand
| | - Taruedee Jannu
- Agro‐Industrial Product Development Research Unit, Faculty of Agro‐Industry Prince of Songkla University Hat Yai Thailand
| | - Thanyapohn Supawan
- Agro‐Industrial Product Development Research Unit, Faculty of Agro‐Industry Prince of Songkla University Hat Yai Thailand
| | - Phruttinan Chanakun
- Food Science and Technology Program, Faculty of Agro‐Industry Prince of Songkla University Hat Yai Thailand
| | - Yadaporn Yimkaew
- Food Science and Technology Program, Faculty of Agro‐Industry Prince of Songkla University Hat Yai Thailand
| | - Gerry Renaldi
- Food Science and Technology Program, Faculty of Agro‐Industry Prince of Songkla University Hat Yai Thailand
- Agro‐Industrial Product Development Research Unit, Faculty of Agro‐Industry Prince of Songkla University Hat Yai Thailand
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Krakowska-Sieprawska A, Kiełbasa A, Rafińska K, Ligor M, Buszewski B. Modern Methods of Pre-Treatment of Plant Material for the Extraction of Bioactive Compounds. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27030730. [PMID: 35163995 PMCID: PMC8840492 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In this review, recent advances in the methods of pre-treatment of plant material for the extraction of secondary metabolites with high biological activity are presented. The correct preparation of the material for extraction is as important as the selection of the extraction method. This step should prevent the degradation of bioactive compounds as well as the development of fungi and bacteria. Currently, the methods of preparation are expected to modify the particles of the plant material in such a way that will contribute to the release of bioactive compounds loosely bonded to cell wall polymers. This review presents a wide range of methods of preparing plant material, including drying, freeze-drying, convection drying, microwave vacuum drying, enzymatic processes, and fermentation. The influence of the particular methods on the structure of plant material particles, the level of preserved bioactive compounds, and the possibility of their release during the extraction were highlighted. The plant material pre-treatment techniques used were discussed with respect to the amount of compounds released during extraction as well their application in various industries interested in products with a high content of biologically active compounds, such as the pharmaceutical, cosmetics, and food industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Krakowska-Sieprawska
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Gagarina 7 St., PL-87100 Torun, Poland; (A.K.-S.); (A.K.); (K.R.); (M.L.)
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Wileńska 4 St., PL-87100 Torun, Poland
| | - Anna Kiełbasa
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Gagarina 7 St., PL-87100 Torun, Poland; (A.K.-S.); (A.K.); (K.R.); (M.L.)
| | - Katarzyna Rafińska
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Gagarina 7 St., PL-87100 Torun, Poland; (A.K.-S.); (A.K.); (K.R.); (M.L.)
| | - Magdalena Ligor
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Gagarina 7 St., PL-87100 Torun, Poland; (A.K.-S.); (A.K.); (K.R.); (M.L.)
| | - Bogusław Buszewski
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Gagarina 7 St., PL-87100 Torun, Poland; (A.K.-S.); (A.K.); (K.R.); (M.L.)
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Wileńska 4 St., PL-87100 Torun, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-56-611-4308; Fax: +49-56-611-4837
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Caesium-133 Accumulation by Freshwater Macrophytes: Partitioning of Translocated Ions and Enzyme Activity in Plants and Microorganisms. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14031132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The potential of aquatic plants to accumulate Cs may be of notable importance in the environmental monitoring of radioactive wastes. This study aimed to evaluate the accumulation of Cs-133 by freshwater macrophytes Bacopa amplexicaulis, Elodea densa, Ceratophyllum submersum, and Limnobium laevigantum after a 10-day incubation period with CsCl (1–1000 μM). The partitioning of Cs and other elements, including 21 metals, such as P, B, and As, was analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry combined with principal component analysis (PCA). The enzymatic activity of plant crude extracts and aquatic microorganisms was characterized. The transfer factor (TF) reached the highest values of 0.13 and 0.10 for C. submersum and L. laevigantum, respectively, at 1000 μM Cs. The TFs in the other sets were below 0.1. In the presence of Cs-133, there was a significant increase in dehydrogenase activity (p < 0.05) and a decrease in the activity of the Folin–Ciocalteu assay. A three-fold decrease in culturable microorganisms was found in plants with 1000 μM Cs. PCA analysis revealed the species-specific elemental distribution in plant biomass and the aquatic phase. A negative correlation between Na, Ca (2.0–2.5, PC1) and Mg, K, and P (−2, PC1) was found. Certain enzyme groups can serve as bioindicators of Cs pollution in aquatic ecosystems.
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Rodríguez-Ferreiro AO, Ochoa-Pacheco A, Méndez-Rodriguez D, Ortiz-Beatón E, Font-Salmo O, Guisado-Bourzac F, Molina-Bertrán S, Monzote L, Cos P, Foubert K, Pieters L, Perez-Novo C, Vanden Berghe W, Escalona-Arranz JC, Setzer WN. LC-MS Characterization and Biological Activities of Cuban Cultivars of Plectranthus neochilus Schltr. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11010134. [PMID: 35009137 PMCID: PMC8747120 DOI: 10.3390/plants11010134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Plectranthus neochilus Schltr. (Lamiaceae) is a plant recently introduced in Cuba. Worldwide, it is an ethnomedicinal alternative for its use against microbial infections, but the Cuban population use the extracts to treat sleep disorders. To address this apparent incongruity, four collections (from different seasonal conditions in the year) of Cuban P. neochilus cultivars were analyzed in terms of their pharmacognostic characteristics. Three extracts using fresh and dried leaves were chemically and biologically characterized. UPLC-DAD-MS/MS analysis was performed to determine their chemical composition, while a panel of nine microorganisms was used to evaluate their antimicrobial activity. Finally, cytotoxic effects of different fractions were measured in three cell lines by the resazurin viability assay. In contrast to previously reported micro and macromorphological properties of P. neochilus, the leaves from the Cuban cultivars did not present glandular trichomes, nor did they produce quantifiable levels of essential oils. Moreover, aqueous extracts used by the population revealed no significant antimicrobial activity and were not cytotoxic. The three extracts showed a similar phytochemical composition, i.e., eight flavonoids, seven abietane diterpenes, and rosmarinic acid as the major constituent, most of them reported for the first time in this species. The low yield of essential oil, the absence of glandular trichomes, compounds with a high level of oxidation, and a moderate antimicrobial activity detected were the most distinctive pharmacognostic and biological characteristics of P. neochilus grown in Cuba. These aspects could explain its non-use as an antimicrobial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annarli O. Rodríguez-Ferreiro
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Telecom, Informatics and Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de Oriente, Santiago de Cuba 90500, Cuba; (A.O.R.-F.); (E.O.-B.); (O.F.-S.)
| | - Ania Ochoa-Pacheco
- Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Natural and Exact Sciences, Universidad de Oriente, Santiago de Cuba 90500, Cuba; (A.O.-P.); (S.M.-B.)
| | - Daniel Méndez-Rodriguez
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Applied Chemistry, University of Camagüey, Camagüey 74650, Cuba;
| | - Emilia Ortiz-Beatón
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Telecom, Informatics and Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de Oriente, Santiago de Cuba 90500, Cuba; (A.O.R.-F.); (E.O.-B.); (O.F.-S.)
| | - Oneida Font-Salmo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Telecom, Informatics and Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de Oriente, Santiago de Cuba 90500, Cuba; (A.O.R.-F.); (E.O.-B.); (O.F.-S.)
| | - Frenkel Guisado-Bourzac
- Laboratory of Applied Genetic and Genomic, School of Sea Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaiso, Valvaraiso 2362807, Chile;
| | - Silvia Molina-Bertrán
- Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Natural and Exact Sciences, Universidad de Oriente, Santiago de Cuba 90500, Cuba; (A.O.-P.); (S.M.-B.)
| | - Lianet Monzote
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Tropical Medicine “Pedro Kourí”, Havana 11400, Cuba;
- Research Network Natural Products against Neglected Diseases (ResNetNPND), University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany;
| | - Paul Cos
- Research Network Natural Products against Neglected Diseases (ResNetNPND), University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany;
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Kenn Foubert
- Natural Products & Food Research and Analysis (NatuRA), Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium; (K.F.); (L.P.)
| | - Luc Pieters
- Natural Products & Food Research and Analysis (NatuRA), Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium; (K.F.); (L.P.)
| | - Claudina Perez-Novo
- Laboratory for Protein Chemistry, Proteomics and Epigenetic Signaling, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium; (C.P.-N.); (W.V.B.)
| | - Wim Vanden Berghe
- Laboratory for Protein Chemistry, Proteomics and Epigenetic Signaling, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium; (C.P.-N.); (W.V.B.)
| | - Julio C. Escalona-Arranz
- Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Natural and Exact Sciences, Universidad de Oriente, Santiago de Cuba 90500, Cuba; (A.O.-P.); (S.M.-B.)
- Correspondence: or (J.C.E.-A.); (W.N.S.)
| | - William N. Setzer
- Research Network Natural Products against Neglected Diseases (ResNetNPND), University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany;
- Aromatic Plant Research Center, 230 N 1200 E, Suite 100, Lehi, UT 84043, USA
- Correspondence: or (J.C.E.-A.); (W.N.S.)
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64
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Pheno-Morphological and Essential Oil Composition Responses to UVA Radiation and Protectants: A Case Study in Three Thymus Species. HORTICULTURAE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae8010031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation mainly includes UVA (320–400 nm). UVA intensity varies depending on the season and geographic location, while it is projected to rise owing to climate change. Since it elicits secondary metabolism, additional knowledge on the UVA dependence of phytochemical production is required for both farmers and processors, particularly under natural settings. In this field study, the pheno-morphological traits and essential oil composition responses to UVA intensity were addressed in three Thymus species [T. daenensis (endemic to Iran), T. fedtschenkoi (semi-endemic), T. vulgaris (common thyme)]. During growth, three UVA levels (ambient, enriched, excluded) were realized in combination with spraying protectants [water (control), melatonin, glutathione, iron-zinc nanofertilizer]. In T. daenensis, enriched UVA caused early flowering. The height of T. daenensis was the longest under enriched UVA, and the shortest under excluded UVA. In control plants, enriched and excluded UVA stimulated the accumulation of oxygenated metabolites in T. daenensis and T. fedtschenkoi. Altogether, under enriched UVA some phenolic compounds (e.g., thymol, carvacrol, γ-terpinene) increased in the essential oil of all three species, but others decreased. In all taxa, glutathione caused a significant essential oil content reduction. Iron-zinc nanofertilizer increased essential oil accumulation in T. daenensis and T. vulgaris. Treatments also induced an alteration of the essential oil composition. In conclusion, cultivation regime effects on the essential oil quality (composition) and quantity were strongly species dependent. T. deanensis underwent the most consistent enhancement under UVA, making the species more adaptable to climate change, whereas T. fedtschenkoi the least.
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65
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Macchioni V, Picchi V, Carbone K. Hop Leaves as an Alternative Source of Health-Active Compounds: Effect of Genotype and Drying Conditions. PLANTS 2021; 11:plants11010099. [PMID: 35009102 PMCID: PMC8747731 DOI: 10.3390/plants11010099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
In hop cultivation, one-third of the crop is a valuable product (hop cones), and two-thirds is unexploited biomass, consisting mainly of leaves and stems, which, in a circular economy approach, can be recovered and, once stabilized, supplied to industrial sectors, such as cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and phytotherapy, with high added value. In this regard, this study aimed to investigate the effects of two different drying methods: oven drying (OD) at 45 °C and freeze-drying (FD), on the overall nutraceutical profile (i.e., total phenols, total flavans and total thiols), pigment content (i.e., carotenoids and chlorophylls) and the antioxidant potential of leaves from five different Humulus lupulus varieties grown in central Italy. Moreover, attenuated total reflectance infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy was applied to dried leaf powders to study the influence of both the variety and treatment on their molecular fingerprints. The spectral data were then analyzed by principal component analysis (PCA), which was able to group the samples mainly based on the applied treatment. Considering the overall phytochemical profile, FD appeared to be the most suitable drying method, while OD provided higher carotenoid retention, depending on the genotype considered. Finally, unsupervised chemometric tools (i.e., PCA and hierarchical clustering) revealed that the two main clusters contained subclusters based on the drying treatment applied; these subgroups were related to the susceptibility of the variety to the drying conditions studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Macchioni
- CREA-Research Centre for Olive, Fruit and Citrus Crops, Via di Fioranello 52, 00134 Rome, Italy;
| | - Valentina Picchi
- CREA-Research Centre for Engineering and Agro-Food Processing, Via G. Venezian 26, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Katya Carbone
- CREA-Research Centre for Olive, Fruit and Citrus Crops, Via di Fioranello 52, 00134 Rome, Italy;
- Correspondence:
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66
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Pilot Cultivation of the Vulnerable Cretan Endemic Verbascum arcturus L. (Scrophulariaceae): Effect of Fertilization on Growth and Quality Features. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su132414030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The domestication of wild-growing plants, including cultivation and fertilization protocols, is able to alleviate the ecological risks posed by the uncontrolled harvesting of range-restricted local endemic plants. In this field study focused on Verbascum arcturus, a vulnerable local endemic of Crete (Greece), the effect of two kinds of fertilization applied by two methods (foliar/root) was investigated. The foliar application included conventional or integrated nutrient management (INM) fertilization. Root application included the application of conventional fertilizers, biostimulants, or INM with biostimulants. Several properties of plant growth, physiology and nutrition were determined. The results showed that fertilization treatment affected neither leaf color and shape nor plant growth, morphology, dry mass partitioning or nutrient content. However, both kinds of foliar-applied fertilization enhanced Zn and B in leaves and soil-applied biostimulant increased leaf Ca. Considering both chlorophyll and antioxidant compounds’ content, foliar application of the INM fertilizers, as well as soil application of the conventional fertilizers or biostimulants, could be considered as accepted options. This study reports for the first time an assessment of the total phenolic and flavonoids content evidenced in V. arcturus and encourages the use of fertilization in promoting the herbal antioxidant profile without compromising visual quality or yield. The findings of this study could be considered as a documented contribution toward the sustainable exploitation of V. arcturus.
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67
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Possibility of Pulsed Electric Field and Essential Oil Pre-treatment, Microwave-air Dehydration to the Quality of the Dehydrated Sesban (Sesbania sesban) Flower. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.15.4.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-heat ahead-treatment in advance of the main dehydration is essential to preserve the quality and ensure food safety. Pulsed electric field (PEF) utilizes a high-voltage electric field in a very short duration to inhibit microbes and enzymes while maintaining the most sensory and nutritional characteristics. For thermal sensitive components, the dehydration process should be performed at low temperatures. Freeze dehydration, vacuum dehydration required high cost for equipment, energy consumption, low quantity in long dehydration time. Microwave-air dehydration is considered as a promising alternative technical approach. Sesban (Sesbania sesban) flower contains numerous phytochemical components promoting health-benefit. However, it’s highly perishable after harvesting. Consumers enjoy the dried sesban flower as a healthy drink. This study examined the possibility of PEF ahead-treatment in microbial inhibition and enzymatic inactivation; essential oil and Microwave-air dehydration on retention of total phenolic content (TPC), vitamin C, 2,2 diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl of free radical scavenging (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) of the dehydrated sesban flower. Research also monitored the microbial stability of the dehydrated sesban flower during 12 months of preservation. Results showed that PEF at pulse strength 1000 kV/cm, pulse duration 90 µs, pulse number 45 was remarkably inactivated polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase in raw material. Rosemary essential oil soaked for sesban flower before dehydration positively preserved the ascorbic acid, phenolic content and antioxidant capacity. These PEF and essential oil ahead-treatments strongly facilitated for the main Microwave-air dehydration. Among different air temperatures from 20°C to 40°C in microwave-air dehydration, the highest Vitamin C, TPC, DPPH and FRAP of the dried flower were recorded at air temperature from 20°C to 30°C with no significant difference. Meanwhile, airspeed 1.2 m/s showed the highest Vitamin C, TPC, DPPH and FRAP of the dried flower with no significant difference with airspeed 1.4 m/s and 1.6 m/s. There was no significant difference in Vitamin C, TPC, DPPH and FRAP of the dried flower by microwave power from 1.15 to 1.45W/g. Therefore, a combination of microwave and air dehydration at air temperature 25°C, airspeed 1.2 m/s, the microwave energy density of 1.45 W/g was recommended to better preserve vitamin C, TPC, DPPH, FRAP. Microbial stability of the dehydrated flower was also observed during 12 months of storage by 3 month-interval sampling. Coliform, yeast and mold criteria in dried product were stable within acceptable limits.
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68
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Oliveira-Alves SC, Andrade F, Prazeres I, Silva AB, Capelo J, Duarte B, Caçador I, Coelho J, Serra AT, Bronze MR. Impact of Drying Processes on the Nutritional Composition, Volatile Profile, Phytochemical Content and Bioactivity of Salicornia ramosissima J. Woods. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1312. [PMID: 34439560 PMCID: PMC8389250 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10081312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Salicornia ramosissima J. Woods is a halophyte plant recognized as a promising natural ingredient and will eventually be recognized a salt substitute (NaCl). However, its shelf-life and applicability in several food matrices requires the use of drying processes, which may have an impact on its nutritional and functional value. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of oven and freeze-drying processes on the nutritional composition, volatile profile, phytochemical content, and bioactivity of S. ramosissima using several analytical tools (LC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS and SPME-GC-MS) and bioactivity assays (ORAC, HOSC, and ACE inhibition and antiproliferative effect on HT29 cells). Overall, results show that the drying process changes the chemical composition of the plant. When compared to freeze-drying, the oven-drying process had a lower impact on the nutritional composition but the phytochemical content and antioxidant capacity were significantly reduced. Despite this, oven-dried and freeze-dried samples demonstrated similar antiproliferative (17.56 mg/mL and 17.24 mg/mL, respectively) and antihypertensive (24.56 mg/mL and 18.96 mg/mL, respectively) activities. The volatile composition was also affected when comparing fresh and dried plants and between both drying processes: while for the freeze-dried sample, terpenes corresponded to 57% of the total peak area, a decrease to 17% was observed for the oven-dried sample. The oven-dried S. ramosissima was selected to formulate a ketchup and the product formulated with 2.2% (w/w) of the oven-dried plant showed a good consumer acceptance score. These findings support the use of dried S. ramosissima as a promising functional ingredient that can eventually replace the use of salt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila C. Oliveira-Alves
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal; (S.C.O.-A.); (F.A.); (I.P.); (A.T.S.)
| | - Fábio Andrade
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal; (S.C.O.-A.); (F.A.); (I.P.); (A.T.S.)
| | - Inês Prazeres
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal; (S.C.O.-A.); (F.A.); (I.P.); (A.T.S.)
| | - Andreia B. Silva
- DCFM, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas e do Medicamento, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. das Forças Armadas, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal;
- iMed ULisboa, Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Jorge Capelo
- INIAV, Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, Av. da República, 2780-505 Oeiras, Portugal;
| | - Bernardo Duarte
- MARE, Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; (B.D.); (I.C.)
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Isabel Caçador
- MARE, Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; (B.D.); (I.C.)
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Júlio Coelho
- Horta da Ria Lda., Rua de São Rui, 3830-362 Gafanha Nazaré, Portugal;
| | - Ana Teresa Serra
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal; (S.C.O.-A.); (F.A.); (I.P.); (A.T.S.)
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Maria R. Bronze
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal; (S.C.O.-A.); (F.A.); (I.P.); (A.T.S.)
- iMed ULisboa, Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
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69
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Keskin M, Arslan A, Soysal Y, Sekerli YE, Celiktas N. Feasibility of a chromameter and chemometric techniques to discriminate pure and mixed organic and conventional red pepper powders: A pilot study. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.15846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Muharrem Keskin
- Department of Biosystems Engineering Faculty of Agriculture Hatay Mustafa Kemal University Antakya Hatay Turkey
| | - Aysel Arslan
- Department of Biosystems Engineering Faculty of Agriculture Hatay Mustafa Kemal University Antakya Hatay Turkey
| | - Yurtsever Soysal
- Department of Biosystems Engineering Faculty of Agriculture Hatay Mustafa Kemal University Antakya Hatay Turkey
| | - Yunus Emre Sekerli
- Department of Biosystems Engineering Faculty of Agriculture Hatay Mustafa Kemal University Antakya Hatay Turkey
| | - Nafiz Celiktas
- Department of Field Crops Faculty of Agriculture Hatay Mustafa Kemal University Antakya, Hatay Turkey
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70
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Cui Q, Wang Y, Zhou W, He S, Yang M, Xue Q, Wang Y, Zhao T, Cao J, Khan A, Cheng G. Phenolic composition, antioxidant and cytoprotective effects of aqueous‐methanol extract from
Anneslea fragrans
leaves as affected by drying methods. Int J Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.15084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qimin Cui
- Faculty of Agriculture and Food Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming 650500 China
| | - Yudan Wang
- Faculty of Agriculture and Food Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming 650500 China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Green Preparation Technology of Biobased Materials Yunnan Minzu University Kunming 650500 China
| | - Wenbing Zhou
- Yunnan Tobacco Company Yuxi Branch Yuxi 653100 China
| | - Shuyue He
- Faculty of Agriculture and Food Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming 650500 China
| | - Meilian Yang
- Faculty of Agriculture and Food Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming 650500 China
| | - Qingwang Xue
- Department of Chemistry Liaocheng University Liaocheng 252059 China
| | - Yifen Wang
- Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming 650223 China
| | - Tianrui Zhao
- Faculty of Agriculture and Food Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming 650500 China
| | - Jianxin Cao
- Faculty of Agriculture and Food Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming 650500 China
| | - Afsar Khan
- Department of Chemistry COMSATS University Islamabad Abbottabad Campus Abbottabad 22060 Pakistan
| | - Guiguang Cheng
- Faculty of Agriculture and Food Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming 650500 China
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71
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Jeong HG, Jung DY, Jo K, Lee S, Choi YS, Yong HI, Jung S. Alternative of Phosphate by Freeze- or Oven-Dried Winter Mushroom Powder in Beef Patty. Food Sci Anim Resour 2021; 41:542-553. [PMID: 34017960 PMCID: PMC8112311 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2021.e18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated freeze- or oven-dried winter mushroom powder (FDP or ODP, respectively) as an alternative to phosphate in beef patties. The beef patties were prepared with four treatments: no addition of phosphate and winter mushroom (control), addition of 0.3% sodium pyrophosphate (BP), addition of 1% FDP (BFW), and addition of 1% ODP (BOW). The pH of FDP and ODP was 6.73, and 7.00, respectively. FDP and ODP contained phenolic compound at a level of 3.50 and 5.45 g gallic acid equivalent/kg, respectively. The cooking loss of beef patties was the highest in the control and lowest in BP (p<0.05). BFW had lower cooking loss than the control (p<0.05), and BOW showed similar cooking loss as that of the control (p>0.05). Inhibition of lipid oxidation was found in BP and BOW as compared with control (p<0.05). BFW was similar to the control in terms of the degree of lipid oxidation (p>0.05). BOW showed lower L* and higher a* values than those of the control, BP and BFW (p<0.05). Texture properties such as hardness, springiness, cohesiveness, gumminess, and chewiness were the highest in BP (p<0.05). A slight increase in hardness and springiness was observed in BOW compared to those of the control (p<0.05). The results showed that FDP and ODP did not exhibit all the properties of phosphate in beef patties. Therefore, FDP and ODP can be used for partial substitution of phosphate in beef patties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Gyung Jeong
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Doo Yeon Jung
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Kyung Jo
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Seonmin Lee
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Yun-Sang Choi
- Research Group of Food Processing, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Hae In Yong
- Research Group of Food Processing, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Samooel Jung
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
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72
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Jonas M, Schieberle P. Characterization of the Key Aroma Compounds in Fresh Leaves of Garden Sage ( Salvia officinalis L.) by Means of the Sensomics Approach: Influence of Drying and Storage and Comparison with Commercial Dried Sage. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:5113-5124. [PMID: 33881309 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c01275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The overall aroma profiles of commercial dried sage differ significantly from the profile of macerated fresh leaves. To clarify changes in the key aroma compounds, first an aroma extract dilution analysis was applied on an extract/distillate prepared from the fresh leaves of Italian garden sage cultivated in a green house in Germany. Among the 39 aroma active compounds characterized, (Z)-3-hexenal, 1,8-cineol, borneol and eugenol showed the highest flavor dilution (FD) factors. Odorants identified with FD factors between 64 and 8192 were quantitated to calculate odor activity values (OAV; ratio of concentration to odor threshold). The highest OAVs were determined for myrcene, (Z)-3-hexenal, (1S,2R,4S)-borneol and 1,8-cineol. A mixture of 22 key reference aroma compounds in the same concentrations as determined in the fresh sage leaves successfully mimicked the overall aroma profile of the spice. To get insight into changes induced by drying, all key aroma compounds were quantitated in sage leaves from the same plant by drying at 50 °C. While all monoterpenes remained nearly unchanged during drying, in particular highly volatile compounds such as dimethyl sulfide or 2- and 3-methylbutanal were decreased. Almost a total loss occurred for 3-(methylthio)propanal, phenylacetaldehyde, and (Z)-3-hexenal. By contrast, storage of the dried leaves for 12 months at room temperature in the dark did not much effect the concentrations of selected key odorants, thus indicating that drying is the most important factor for the changes in aroma compounds. Sensory profiling of six commercial sage samples showed different aroma profiles, which also clearly differed from the profile of the sage dried in lab scale, which was rated to elicit the most typical sage aroma. In addition, the concentrations of selected key aroma compounds as well as the total amount of volatiles were clearly lower in all commercial samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Jonas
- Leibniz Institute for Food Systems Biology at TU Munich (formerly Deutsche Forschungsanstalt für Lebensmittelchemie), Lise-Meitner-Straße 34, D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Peter Schieberle
- Faculty of Chemistry, Technical University Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
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73
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Hazrati S, Lotfi K, Govahi M, Ebadi M. A comparative study: Influence of various drying methods on essential oil components and biological properties of Stachys lavandulifolia. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:2612-2619. [PMID: 34026076 PMCID: PMC8116876 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Stachys is a member of the Lamiaceae family. These are important medicinal plants which grow all over the world and are known for their flavoring and therapeutic effects and Stachys lavandulifolia is an endemic species of Iran. To acquire high-quality essential oil (EO), drying technique was implemented which is an essential part of this process. The present study designed to evaluate the influences of different drying techniques (fresh sample, shade, sunlight, freeze-drying, microwave, and oven-drying (40, 60, and 80°C) on EO yield and composition of S. lavandulifolia. The results indicated that the maximum EO yield was obtained by the shade-drying method. The main compounds found in the fresh samples were spathulenol, myrcene, β-pinene, δ-cadinene, and α-muurolol, while spathulenol, cyrene, δ-cadinene, p-cymene, decane, α-terpinene, β-pinene, and intermedeol were found to be the dominant compounds in the dry samples. Drying techniques were found to have a significant impact on the values of the main compositions, for example, monoterpene hydrocarbons such as α-pinene, β-pinene, myrcene, and β-phellandrene were significantly reduced by microwave drying, oven-drying (40, 60, and 80°C), and sunlight-drying methods. Drying techniques increased the antioxidant activity of S. lavandulifolia EOs especially those acquired by freeze-drying with the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values 101.8 ± 0.8 mg/ml in DPPH assay and 315.2 ± 2.1 mg/ml in decreasing power assay. As a result, shade-, sun-, and oven-drying (40°C) were found to be the most important techniques for attaining maximum yields of EO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Hazrati
- Department of AgronomyFaculty of AgricultureAzarbaijan Shahid Madani UniversityTabrizIran
| | - Kazem Lotfi
- Department of AgronomyFaculty of AgricultureAzarbaijan Shahid Madani UniversityTabrizIran
| | - Mostafa Govahi
- Department of Nano BiotechnologyFaculty of BiotechnologyAmol University of Special Modern TechnologiesAmolIran
| | - Mohammad‐Taghi Ebadi
- Department of Horticultural ScienceFaculty of AgricultureTarbiat Modares UniversityTehranIran
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74
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Barisik Marasli D, Colak Gunes N, Tavman S. A comprehensive review of solar photovoltaic hybrid food drying systems. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:4152-4168. [PMID: 33480259 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1873728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Demand for all resources, especially food, water, and energy, has increased with the rapid increase in the world population. These resources are limited and not enough for the growing population of the world. Therefore, the food-energy-water nexus approach has gained much attention in recent years. Less energy and water consumption and less waste generation became the target for the more sustainable food production. Qualitative and quantitative losses in agricultural commodities growing in rural areas depend both on the structure of foods and incorrect or inadequate process applied to postharvest operations to preserve food. Therefore, drying is the most preferred food preservation method. To minimize the energy consumption during drying process, renewable energy technologies are emerging as an alternative solution. It reduces dependency of fossil fuels, adds value to agricultural products to meet the increasing demand, and minimizes qualitative and quantitative losses. In this work, theoretical and experimental studies of photovoltaic-thermal (PV/T) or photovoltaic (PV) integrated food-drying systems were comprehensively reviewed. The researches covered in this review are classified into three groups: PV module integrated, PV/T collector-assisted food-drying systems, and PV/T-assisted heat pump-drying systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sebnem Tavman
- Department of Food Engineering, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
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75
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Erukainure OL, Atolani O, Muhammad A, Katsayal SB, Ebhuoma OO, Ibeji CU, Mesaik MA. Targeting the initiation and termination codons of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein as possible therapy against COVID-19: the role of novel harpagide 5-O-β-D-glucopyranoside from Clerodendrum volubile P Beauv. (Labiatae). J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 40:2475-2488. [PMID: 33140706 PMCID: PMC7651195 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1840439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The global spread of the coronavirus infections disease − 2019 (COVID-19) and the search for new drugs from natural products particularly from plants are receiving much attention recently. In this study, the therapeutic potential of a new iridoid glycoside isolated from the leaves of Clerodendrum volubile against COVID-19 was investigated. Harpagide 5-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (HG) was isolated, characterised and investigated for its druglikeness, optimized geometry, and pharmacokinetics properties. Its immunomodulatory was determined by chemiluminescence assay using polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) in addition to T-cell proliferation assay. In silico analysis was used in determining its molecular interaction with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-COV-2). HG displayed potent druglikeness properties, with no inhibitory effect on cytochrome P450 (1A2, 2C19, 2C9, 2D6 and 3A4) and a predicted LD50 of 2000 mg/kg. Its 1H-NMR chemical shifts showed a little deviation of 0.01 and 0.11 ppm for H-4 and H-9, respectively. HG significantly suppressed oxidative bursts in PMNs, while concomitantly inhibiting T-cell proliferation. It also displayed a very strong binding affinity with the translation initiation and termination sequence sites of spike (S) protein mRNA of SARS-COV-2, its gene product, and host ACE2 receptor. These results suggest the immunomodulatory properties and anti-SARS-COV-2 potentials of HG which can be explored in the treatment and management of COVID-19. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma
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Affiliation(s)
- Ochuko L Erukainure
- Department of Pharmacology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | | | - Aliyu Muhammad
- Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | | | - Osadolor O Ebhuoma
- School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Collins U Ibeji
- Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - M Ahmed Mesaik
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Impact of production and drying methods on the volatile and phenolic characteristics of fresh and powdered sweet red peppers. Food Chem 2020; 338:128129. [PMID: 33092010 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Aroma, phenolic compounds and sensory properties of fresh and powdered organic and conventional sweet red peppers dried by three methods (hot air, intermittent microwave and infrared) were studied. The number of aroma compounds was higher in both fresh and powdered organic pepper samples; however, the total amount was higher in conventional samples. In both organic and conventional samples, alcohols were the dominant aroma group. (E)-β-ionone and β-ocimene, which are important compounds in peppers, were determined only in organic peppers. Among the drying methods, intermittent microwave drying was more effective in creating new aroma compounds. The liquid chromatography, coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) revealed that luteolin derivative compounds comprised an average of 70% of the phenolics. Higher amount of phenolic were determined in organic samples. Infrared drying was more effective in retaining of phenolics than the other two methods. Sensory analysis revealed that hot air-dried samples were least preferred.
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