51
|
Bergström SE, Bergdahl E, Sundqvist KG. A cytokine-controlled mechanism for integrated regulation of T-lymphocyte motility, adhesion and activation. Immunology 2014; 140:441-55. [PMID: 23866045 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Revised: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The co-ordination of T-cell motility, adhesion and activation remains poorly understood. It is also unclear how these functions are co-ordinated with external stimuli. Here we unveil a series of molecular interactions in cis at the surface of T lymphocytes with potent effects on motility and adhesion in these cells, and communicating with proliferative responses. These interactions were controlled by the signature cytokines of T helper subsets interleukin-2 (IL-2) and IL-4. Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) was found to play a key role for T-cell motility by promoting development of polarized cell shape and cell movement. Endogenous thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) enhanced cell surface expression of LRP1 through CD47. Cell surface expressed LRP1 induced motility and processing of TSP-1 while inhibiting adhesion to intercellular adhesion molecule 1 and fibronectin. Interleukin-2, but not IL-4, stimulated synthesis of TSP-1 and motility through TSP-1 and LRP1. Stimulation of the T-cell receptor (TCR)/CD3 complex inhibited TSP-1 expression. Inhibitor studies indicated that LRP1 regulated TSP-1 expression and promoted motility through JAK signalling. This LRP1-mediated motogenic signalling was connected to CD47/Gi protein signalling and IL-2-induced signalling through TSP-1. The motogenic TSP-1/LRP1 mechanism antagonized TCR/CD3-induced T-cell proliferation. These results indicate that LRP1 in collaboration with TSP-1 directs a counter-adhesive and counter-proliferative motogenic cascade. T cells seem programmed to prioritize movement before adhesion through this cascade. In conclusion, vital decision-making in T lymphocytes regulating motility, adhesive interactions and proliferation, are integrated through a molecular mechanism connecting different cell surface receptors and their signalling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sten-Erik Bergström
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden; Division of Clinical Immunology, Division of Therapeutic Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
52
|
Parapuram SK, Hodge W. The integrin needle in the stromal haystack: emerging role in corneal physiology and pathology. J Cell Commun Signal 2014; 8:113-24. [PMID: 24604397 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-014-0230-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies have established the role of activated corneal keratocytes in the fibrosis of the cornea. However, the role of keratocytes in maintaining the structural integrity of a normal cornea is less appreciated. We focus on the probable functions of integrins in the eye and of the importance of integrin-mediated keratocyte interactions with stromal matrix in the maintenance of corneal integrity. We point out that further understanding of how keratocytes interact with their matrix could establish a novel direction in preventing corneal pathology including loss of structural integrity as in keratoconus or as in fibrosis of the corneal stroma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sunil K Parapuram
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 4V2, Canada,
| | | |
Collapse
|
53
|
Lobatón T, Vermeire S, Van Assche G, Rutgeerts P. Review article: anti-adhesion therapies for inflammatory bowel disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2014; 39:579-94. [PMID: 24479980 DOI: 10.1111/apt.12639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Revised: 12/31/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A high proportion of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) do not achieve clinical remission with the current therapies including mesalazine (mesalamine), immunossupresants (IMS) and antibodies against tumour necrosis factor (anti-TNF). Moreover, IMS and anti-TNF involve a nonnegligible risk for infections and/or malignancies. The anti-adhesion molecules are one of the most interesting new treatments because of their gut-selectivity. AIM To review the physiopathology of the adhesion molecules and the current drugs targeting this mechanism. METHODS We performed a literature review in PubMed and in clinicaltrials.gov using the terms 'anti-adhesion molecules', 'inflammatory bowel disease', 'natalizumab', 'vedolizumab', 'AMG181', 'Etrolizumab', 'PF-00547659', 'AJM300', 'Alicaforsen' and 'CCX282-B' up to November 2013. RESULTS A total of eight drugs were found including those targeting the α4β1, α4β7 or αEβ7 integrins as well as the ICAM-1 and MAdCAM-1 addressins and the chemokine receptor 9. The rationale for these drugs is the blockade of gut-homing T lymphocytes and the ones targeting the α4β7/MAdCAM-1 interaction presented the most promising results in luminal disease. Vedolizumab, an α4β7 antibody, has completed phase 3 trials with very positive results especially for ulcerative colitis. However, many questions remain unanswered such as the effect of these therapies in perianal disease and extraintestinal manifestations. CONCLUSIONS The blockade of the α4β7/MAdCAM-1 interaction and especially vedolizumab is an effective and safe gut-specific treatment for IBD. Further studies are needed to clarify the efficacy and safety of the other anti-adhesion drugs and to define the specific indications of these therapies in the different scenarios of IBD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Lobatón
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
54
|
Bigé N, Boffa JJ, Lepeytre F, Shweke N. [Role of thrombospondin-1 in the development of kidney diseases]. Med Sci (Paris) 2013; 29:1131-7. [PMID: 24356144 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/20132912017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) is a 450-kDa matricellar glycoprotein. By its various domains, it can interact with various partners and exhibit anti-angiogenic, pro-apoptotic and immunomodulatory activities. TSP-1 is also a major endogenous activator of the pro-fibrotic growth factor TGF-β. In healthy adult renal parenchyma, TSP-1 expression is very scarce and limited to Bowman's capsule and interstitium. During nephropathies, many cell types can express or secrete TSP-1 (mesangial, endothelial, smooth muscle, tubular cells, podocytes and fibroblasts) depending on the nature of injury and the evolutive stage of the disease. Inhibition of the different domains of TSP-1 using specific antibodies or peptides, blockade of TSP-1 expression by antisense oligonucleotides and use of knock-out mice, allowed to identify the role of TSP-1 in various models of experimental nephropathy. All these studies demonstrated a deleterious effect of TSP-1 on renal repair by inducing TGF-β and fibrosis, decreasing VEGF and capillary density, and enhancing inflammatory cells recruitment. Thus, TSP-1 represents a potential therapeutic target for the management of chronic kidney diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naïke Bigé
- Service néphrologie et dialyse, Inserm UMRS 702, hôpital Tenon, 4, rue de la Chine, 75020 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Boffa
- Service néphrologie et dialyse, Inserm UMRS 702, hôpital Tenon, 4, rue de la Chine, 75020 Paris, France
| | - Fanny Lepeytre
- Service néphrologie et dialyse, Inserm UMRS 702, hôpital Tenon, 4, rue de la Chine, 75020 Paris, France
| | - Nasim Shweke
- Service néphrologie et dialyse, Inserm UMRS 702, hôpital Tenon, 4, rue de la Chine, 75020 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Thrombospondin-1 signaling through CD47 inhibits self-renewal by regulating c-Myc and other stem cell transcription factors. Sci Rep 2013; 3:1673. [PMID: 23591719 PMCID: PMC3628113 DOI: 10.1038/srep01673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Signaling through the thrombospondin-1 receptor CD47 broadly limits cell and tissue survival of stress, but the molecular mechanisms are incompletely understood. We now show that loss of CD47 permits sustained proliferation of primary murine endothelial cells, increases asymmetric division, and enables these cells to spontaneously reprogram to form multipotent embryoid body-like clusters. c-Myc, Klf4, Oct4, and Sox2 expression is elevated in CD47-null endothelial cells, in several tissues of CD47- and thrombospondin-1-null mice, and in a human T cell line lacking CD47. CD47 knockdown acutely increases mRNA levels of c-Myc and other stem cell transcription factors in cells and in vivo, whereas CD47 ligation by thrombospondin-1 suppresses c-Myc expression. The inhibitory effects of increasing CD47 levels can be overcome by maintaining c-Myc expression and are absent in cells with dysregulated c-Myc. Thus, CD47 antagonists enable cell self-renewal and reprogramming by overcoming negative regulation of c-Myc and other stem cell transcription factors.
Collapse
|
56
|
Krishna SM, Golledge J. The role of thrombospondin-1 in cardiovascular health and pathology. Int J Cardiol 2013; 168:692-706. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2013.04.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2012] [Revised: 03/09/2013] [Accepted: 04/06/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
57
|
Miller TW, Kaur S, Ivins-O’Keefe K, Roberts DD. Thrombospondin-1 is a CD47-dependent endogenous inhibitor of hydrogen sulfide signaling in T cell activation. Matrix Biol 2013; 32:316-24. [PMID: 23499828 PMCID: PMC3706541 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2013.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2012] [Revised: 02/15/2013] [Accepted: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Thrombospondin-1 is a potent suppressor of T cell activation via its receptor CD47. However, the precise mechanism for this inhibition remains unclear. Because H2S is an endogenous potentiator of T cell activation and is necessary for full T cell activation, we hypothesized that thrombospondin-1 signaling through CD47 inhibits T cell activation by antagonizing H2S signaling. Primary T cells from thrombospondin-1 null mice were more sensitive to H2S-dependent activation assessed by proliferation and induction of interleukin-2 and CD69 mRNAs. Exogenous thrombospondin-1 inhibited H2S responses in wild type and thrombospondin-1 null T cells but enhanced the same responses in CD47 null T cells. Fibronectin, which shares integrin and glycosaminoglycan binding properties with thrombospondin-1 but not CD47 binding, did not inhibit H2S signaling. A CD47-binding peptide derived from thrombospondin-1 inhibited H2S-induced activation, whereas two other functional sequences from thrombospondin-1 enhanced H2S signaling. Therefore, engaging CD47 is necessary and sufficient for thrombospondin-1 to inhibit H2S-dependent T cell activation. H2S stimulated T cell activation by potentiating MEK-dependent ERK phosphorylation, and thrombospondin-1 inhibited this signaling in a CD47-dependent manner. Thrombospondin-1 also limited activation-dependent T cell expression of the H2S biosynthetic enzymes cystathionine β-synthase and cystathionine γ-lyase, thereby limiting the autocrine role of H2S in T cell activation. Thus, thrombospondin-1 signaling through CD47 is the first identified endogenous inhibitor of H2S signaling and constitutes a novel mechanism that negatively regulates T cell activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kelly Ivins-O’Keefe
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD, 20892
| | - David D. Roberts
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD, 20892
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Ghosh N, Chaki R, Mandal SC. Inhibition of selective adhesion molecules in treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. Int Rev Immunol 2013; 31:410-27. [PMID: 23083349 DOI: 10.3109/08830185.2012.690794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Lymphocyte infiltration into the intestinal tract in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is mediated by interaction between α4 integrin and its specific ligands. Development of monoclonal antibodies against α4 integrin allowed targeting of lymphocyte trafficking into the intestine as a novel therapeutic intervention. Natalizumab, vedolizumab, alicaforsen AJM300, rhuMAb β7, CCX282-B, and PF-00547,659 are few of monoclonal antibodies that have shown high promise in trials with the potential for more attractive benefit:risk ratio than currently available therapies. In this review, an attempt is made to underline the therapeutic potential and the safety of anti-adhesion molecule treatment in IBD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nilanjan Ghosh
- Dr. B.C. Roy College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Sciences, Durgapur, India. bhu
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
59
|
Shen J, James AW, Chung J, Lee K, Zhang JB, Ho S, Lee KS, Kim TM, Niimi T, Kuroda S, Ting K, Soo C. NELL-1 promotes cell adhesion and differentiation via Integrinβ1. J Cell Biochem 2013; 113:3620-8. [PMID: 22807400 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
NELL-1 (Nel-like molecule-1) is a secreted osteogenic growth factor first identified in human craniosynostosis (CS) patients. NELL-1 protein has been observed to promote bone and cartilage differentiation and to suppress adipogenesis in both in vitro and in vivo models. Despite these findings, the cell surface receptors of NELL-1 have remained unknown. In this study, we observed for the first time that NELL-1 promotes cell adherence in multiple cell lines, including ST2, C3H10T1/2, M2-10B4, ATDC5, and MC3T3 cells. Additionally, we found that NELL-1 binds to extracellular Integrinβ1 and induces cell focal adhesion. By utilizing siRNA methods, we determined that NELL-1 cell surface binding and enhanced cell attachment were dependent on Integrinβ1 expression. Finally, we observed that pre-coating of culture dishes or PLGA (polylactic-co-glycolic acid) scaffold with NELL-1 resulted in a significant increase in both cell attachment and osteogenic differentiation. Our results identify for the first time a cell surface target of NELL-1, Integrinβ1, and elucidate new functions of NELL-1 in promoting cell adherence and osteogenic differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Shen
- Dental and Craniofacial Research Institute and Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
60
|
Soto-Pantoja DR, Stein EV, Rogers NM, Sharifi-Sanjani M, Isenberg JS, Roberts DD. Therapeutic opportunities for targeting the ubiquitous cell surface receptor CD47. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2013; 17:89-103. [PMID: 23101472 PMCID: PMC3564224 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2013.733699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION CD47 is a ubiquitously expressed cell surface receptor that serves as a counter-receptor for SIRPα in recognition of self by the innate immune system. Independently, CD47 also functions as an important signaling receptor for regulating cell responses to stress. AREAS COVERED We review the expression, molecular interactions, and pathophysiological functions of CD47 in the cardiovascular and immune systems. CD47 was first identified as a potential tumor marker, and we examine recent evidence that its dysregulation contributes to cancer progression and evasion of anti-tumor immunity. We further discuss therapeutic strategies for enhancing or inhibiting CD47 signaling and applications of such agents in preclinical models of ischemia and ischemia/reperfusion injuries, organ transplantation, pulmonary hypertension, radioprotection, and cancer. EXPERT OPINION Ongoing studies are revealing a central role of CD47 for conveying signals from the extracellular microenvironment that limit cell and tissue survival upon exposure to various types of stress. Based on this key function, therapeutics targeting CD47 or its ligands thrombospondin-1 and SIRPα could have broad applications spanning reconstructive surgery, engineering of tissues and biocompatible surfaces, vascular diseases, diabetes, organ transplantation, radiation injuries, inflammatory diseases, and cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David R. Soto-Pantoja
- Cancer Research Training Award Fellow, Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1500
| | - Erica V. Stein
- Predoctoral Cancer Research Training Award Fellow, Laboratoryof Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1500 and Microbiology and Immunology Program of the Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Departments of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, George Washington University, 2300 Eye St., N.W., Ross Hall, Washington, D.C. 20037
| | - Natasha M. Rogers
- Visiting Research Fellow, Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, E1240 Biomedical Science Tower, Room E1200, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Maryam Sharifi-Sanjani
- Post-doctoral Fellow, Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, E1240 Biomedical Science Tower, Room E1200, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Jeffrey S. Isenberg
- Associate Professor of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, E1240 Biomedical Science Tower, Room E1258, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - David D. Roberts
- Chief, Biochemical Pathology Section, Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 10 Room 2A33, Bethesda, MD 20892-1500
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Modulation of integrin α4β1 by ADAM28 promotes lymphocyte adhesion and transendothelial migration. Cell Biol Int 2012; 35:1043-53. [PMID: 21332445 DOI: 10.1042/cbi20100885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
ADAMs (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase) are a family of type I transmembrane glycoproteins related to snake venom metalloproteases and disintegrins. They are regulatory proteins that modulate intercellular adhesion and the bioavailability of growth factors, and have been implicated in many disease states, including cancer, immunity and inflammation. One member of the ADAM family, ADAM28, has been reported to bind to the integrin α4β1 in humans; however, the distribution of ADAM28 and the biological consequences of ADAM28-α4β1 interactions are yet to be fully elucidated. The expression of ADAM28 in human and murine tissues was examined by multiple Affymetrix microarray analyses, real-time RT-PCR (reverse transcription-PCR) and immunohistochemical staining. We found that ADAM28 has a relatively restricted expression pattern in mouse and human and is highly expressed in the B-lymphocyte lineage, including chronic lymphocytic leukaemic B-cells. The murine B-lymphoma line L1-2 and recombinant soluble murine ADAM28 were used to investigate ADAM28-α4β1 interactions. Our data reveal that ADAM28 binding to α4β1 is typical of integrin-ligand interactions, since it is attenuated by anti-functional integrin antibodies, and is enhanced by Mn2+ and the integrin mAb (monoclonal antibody) 9EG7. However, a key finding was that soluble ADAM28 unexpectedly enhanced α4β1-dependent cell adhesion to VCAM-1 (vascular cell adhesion molecule-1). In so doing ADAM28 was able to influence lymphocyte adhesion to, and migration through, endothelial monolayers, suggesting a physiological role for ADAM28 in regulating the specific spatial and temporal transendothelial migration of lymphocytes.
Collapse
|
62
|
Sampson HW, Chaput CD, Brannen J, Probe RA, Guleria RS, Pan J, Baker KM, VanBuren V. Alcohol induced epigenetic perturbations during the inflammatory stage of fracture healing. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2011; 236:1389-401. [PMID: 22087020 DOI: 10.1258/ebm.2011.011207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well recognized by orthopedic surgeons that fractures of alcoholics are more difficult to heal successfully and have a higher incidence of non-union, but the mechanism of alcohol's effect on fracture healing is unknown. In order to give direction for the study of the effects of alcohol on fracture healing, we propose to identify gene expression and microRNA changes during the early stages of fracture healing that might be attributable to alcohol consumption. As the inflammatory stage appears to be the most critical for successful fracture healing, this paper focuses on the events at day three following fracture or the stage of inflammation. Sprague-Dawley rats were placed on an ethanol-containing or pair-fed Lieber and DeCarli diet for four weeks prior to surgical fracture. Following insertion of a medullary pin, a closed mid-diaphyseal fracture was induced using a Bonnarens and Einhorn fracture device. At three days' post-fracture, the region of the fracture calluses was harvested from the right hind-limb. RNA was extracted and microarray analysis was conducted against the entire rat genome. There were 35 genes that demonstrated significant increased expression due to alcohol consumption and 20 that decreased due to alcohol. In addition, the expression of 20 microRNAs was increased and six decreased. In summary, while it is recognized that mRNA levels may or may not represent protein levels successfully produced by the cell, these studies reveal changes in gene expression that support the hypothesis that alcohol consumption affects events involved with inflammation. MicroRNAs are known to modulate mRNA and these findings were consistent with much of what was seen with mRNA microarray analysis, especially the involvement of smad4 which was demonstrated by mRNA microarray, microRNA and polymerase chain reaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Wayne Sampson
- Department of Systems Biology and Translational Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
63
|
Abstract
Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis are inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) quite common in the United States and other Western countries. Patients suffering IBD are at greater risk of developing colorectal adenocarcinoma than the general population. Both, the adenomacarcinoma and the inflammation-carcinogenesis processes are characterized by active angiogenesis. Recent studies also have shown that anti-angiogenesis might be a novel therapeutic approach for IBD. Thrombospondin 1 (TSP1) is an extracellular protein well known for its anti-angiogenic properties. TSP1 also has key functions in inflammation, which is assumed to be the primary cause for carcinogenesis in IBD. This review is focused on the role of TSP1 in colorectal carcinogenesis. The therapeutic effects of TSP derived-peptides on inhibiting the inflammation-carcinogenesis progression are also discussed.
Collapse
|
64
|
Sehrawat S, Rouse BT. Tregs and infections: on the potential value of modifying their function. J Leukoc Biol 2011; 90:1079-87. [PMID: 21914856 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0611271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
CD4(+) T cells, which express a master transcription factor, Foxp3, have been recognized as bona fide Tregs. These cells are essential to maintain immune homeostasis in healthy as well as infected mice and humans. Extensive investigations in the last decade have provided ways to manipulate the Foxp3(+) Treg response therapeutically so the role of such cells in microbe-induced inflammatory reactions can be evaluated. This review focuses on our current understanding of the mechanisms required for the generation and sustenance of Tregs in vivo and the potential value of modulating Tregs to control microbe-induced immunopathological responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sharvan Sehrawat
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
65
|
Extranodal dissemination of non-Hodgkin lymphoma requires CD47 and is inhibited by anti-CD47 antibody therapy. Blood 2011; 118:4890-901. [PMID: 21828138 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2011-02-338020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) presents as both localized and disseminated disease with spread to secondary sites carrying a worse prognosis. Although pathways driving NHL dissemination have been identified, there are few therapies capable of inhibiting them. Here, we report a novel role for the immunomodulatory protein CD47 in NHL dissemination, and we demonstrate that therapeutic targeting of CD47 can prevent such spread. We developed 2 in vivo lymphoma metastasis models using Raji cells, a human NHL cell line, and primary cells from a lymphoma patient. CD47 expression was required for Raji cell dissemination to the liver in mouse xenotransplants. Targeting of CD47 with a blocking antibody inhibited Raji cell dissemination to major organs, including the central nervous system, and inhibited hematogenous dissemination of primary lymphoma cells. We hypothesized that anti-CD47 antibody-mediated elimination of circulating tumor cells occurred through phagocytosis, a previously described mechanism for blocking anti-CD47 antibodies. As predicted, inhibition of dissemination by anti-CD47 antibodies was dependent on blockade of phagocyte SIRPα and required macrophage effector cells. These results demonstrate that CD47 is required for NHL dissemination, which can be therapeutically targeted with a blocking anti-CD47 antibody. Ultimately, these findings are potentially applicable to the dissemination and metastasis of other solid tumors.
Collapse
|
66
|
Martin-Manso G, Calzada MJ, Chuman Y, Sipes JM, Xavier CP, Wolf V, Kuznetsova SA, Rubin JS, Roberts DD. sFRP-1 binds via its netrin-related motif to the N-module of thrombospondin-1 and blocks thrombospondin-1 stimulation of MDA-MB-231 breast carcinoma cell adhesion and migration. Arch Biochem Biophys 2011; 509:147-56. [PMID: 21402050 PMCID: PMC3085965 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2011.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2010] [Revised: 03/03/2011] [Accepted: 03/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Secreted frizzled-related protein (sFRP)-1 is a Wnt antagonist that inhibits breast carcinoma cell motility, whereas the secreted glycoprotein thrombospondin-1 stimulates adhesion and motility of the same cells. We examined whether thrombospondin-1 and sFRP-1 interact directly or indirectly to modulate cell behavior. Thrombospondin-1 bound sFRP-1 with an apparent K(d)=48nM and the related sFRP-2 with a K(d)=95nM. Thrombospondin-1 did not bind to the more distantly related sFRP-3. The association of thrombospondin-1 and sFRP-1 is primarily mediated by the amino-terminal N-module of thrombospondin-1 and the netrin domain of sFRP-1. sFRP-1 inhibited α3β1 integrin-mediated adhesion of MDA-MB-231 breast carcinoma cells to a surface coated with thrombospondin-1 or recombinant N-module, but not adhesion of the cells on immobilized fibronectin or type I collagen. sFRP-1 also inhibited thrombospondin-1-mediated migration of MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 breast carcinoma cells. Although sFRP-2 binds similarly to thrombospondin-1, it did not inhibit thrombospondin-1-stimulated adhesion. Thus, sFRP-1 binds to thrombospondin-1 and antagonizes stimulatory effects of thrombospondin-1 on breast carcinoma cell adhesion and motility. These results demonstrate that sFRP-1 can modulate breast cancer cell responses by interacting with thrombospondin-1 in addition to its known effects on Wnt signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gema Martin-Manso
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Maria J. Calzada
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Yoshiro Chuman
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - John M. Sipes
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Charles P. Xavier
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Vladimir Wolf
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Svetlana A. Kuznetsova
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Jeffrey S. Rubin
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - David D. Roberts
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
Faralli JA, Newman JR, Sheibani N, Dedhar S, Peters DM. Integrin-linked kinase regulates integrin signaling in human trabecular meshwork cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2011; 52:1684-92. [PMID: 21071740 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.10-6397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine whether integrin-linked kinase (ILK) controls the organization of the actin cytoskeleton in the trabecular meshwork (TM) by regulating integrin co-signaling. METHODS The cell binding domain and the Heparin II (Hep II) domain of fibronectin were used to activate α5β1 and α4β1 integrin signaling, respectively, in differentiated human TM (HTM) cells. The role of ILK was determined using either ILK small interfering RNA (siRNA) to knockout ILK expression or the ILK inhibitors, KP392 and QLT0267. The knockdown of ILK expression was verified by Western blot analysis. The presence of actin stress fibers and focal adhesions was determined by labeling cultures with phalloidin and anti-talin or ILK antibodies, respectively. RESULTS Cell spreading in differentiated HTM cells required ILK, since ILK siRNA and the ILK inhibitors significantly reduced cell spreading, actin polymerization, and the localization of talin and ILK in focal adhesions (FAs). Both cell spreading and the localization of talin and ILK to FAs in differentiated HTM cells could be rescued by inducing α4β1 integrin signaling with a recombinant Hep II domain of fibronectin, even though α4β1 integrins were not found in FAs. In the absence of ILK inhibition, the Hep II domain had minimal effect on α5β1 integrin-mediated spreading. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that cooperative α5β1/α4β1 integrin signaling may be regulated by ILK trans-dominantly and that alterations in ILK activity may affect actin cytoskeleton organization and contractility in the TM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Faralli
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
68
|
Kaur S, Kuznetsova SA, Pendrak ML, Sipes JM, Romeo MJ, Li Z, Zhang L, Roberts DD. Heparan sulfate modification of the transmembrane receptor CD47 is necessary for inhibition of T cell receptor signaling by thrombospondin-1. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:14991-5002. [PMID: 21343308 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.179663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell surface proteoglycans on T cells contribute to retroviral infection, binding of chemokines and other proteins, and are necessary for some T cell responses to the matricellular glycoprotein thrombospondin-1. The major cell surface proteoglycans expressed by primary T cells and Jurkat T cells have an apparent M(r) > 200,000 and are modified with chondroitin sulfate and heparan sulfate chains. Thrombospondin-1 bound in a heparin-inhibitable manner to this proteoglycan and to a soluble form released into the medium. Based on mass spectrometry, knockdown, and immunochemical analyses, the proteoglycan contains two major core proteins as follows: amyloid precursor-like protein-2 (APLP2, apparent M(r) 230,000) and CD47 (apparent M(r) > 250,000). CD47 is a known thrombospondin-1 receptor but was not previously reported to be a proteoglycan. This proteoglycan isoform of CD47 is widely expressed on vascular cells. Mutagenesis identified glycosaminoglycan modification of CD47 at Ser(64) and Ser(79). Inhibition of T cell receptor signaling by thrombospondin-1 was lost in CD47-deficient T cells that express the proteoglycan isoform of APLP2, indicating that binding to APLP2 is not sufficient. Inhibition of CD69 induction was restored in CD47-deficient cells by re-expressing CD47 or an S79A mutant but not by the S64A mutant. Therefore, inhibition of T cell receptor signaling by thrombospondin-1 is mediated by CD47 and requires its modification at Ser(64).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sukhbir Kaur
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20982, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
69
|
Ji W, Zhang W, Xiao W. E2F-1 directly regulates thrombospondin 1 expression. PLoS One 2010; 5:e13442. [PMID: 20976175 PMCID: PMC2955548 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0013442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2010] [Accepted: 09/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Thrombospondin 1 (TSP1) has been shown to play a critical role in inhibiting angiogenesis, resulting in inhibition of tumor growth and metastases. To figure out TSP1's regulators will lead to reveal its biological function mechanistically. In this study, we show that E2F-1 could activate the transcription of TSP1 by both promoter assays and Northern blot. Analysis of various TSP1 promoter mutant constructs showed that a sequence located −144/−137 up-stream of the transcriptional initiation site, related to the consensus E2F-responsive sequence, is necessary for the activation. In consistence with up-regulation of TSP-1 activity by over-expression of E2F-1, the knockdown of endogenous E2F-1 inhibited TSP-1 promoter activity significantly, implying that E2F-1 mediated regulation of TSP-1 is relevant in vivo. In addition, E2F-1 could also directly bind to the TSP1 promoter region covering −144/−137 region as revealed by ChIP assays. Furthermore, the E2F-1-induced activation of TSP1 gene transcription is suppressed by pRB1 in a dose-dependent manner. Taken together, the results demonstrate that TSP1 is a novel target for E2F1, which might imply that E2F-1 can affect angiogenesis by modulating TSP1 expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ji
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Conservation of Aquatic Organisms, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Conservation of Aquatic Organisms, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wuhan Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Conservation of Aquatic Organisms, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
70
|
McIntosh J, Dennison G, Holly JMP, Jarrett C, Frankow A, Foulstone EJ, Winters ZE, Perks CM. IGFBP-3 can either inhibit or enhance EGF-mediated growth of breast epithelial cells dependent upon the presence of fibronectin. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:38788-800. [PMID: 20851879 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.177311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Progression of breast cancer is associated with remodeling of the extracellular matrix, often involving a switch from estrogen dependence to a dependence on EGF receptor (EGFR)/HER-2 and is accompanied by increased expression of the main binding protein for insulin-like growth factors (IGFBP-3). We have examined the effects of IGFBP-3 on EGF responses of breast epithelial cells in the context of changes in the extracellular matrix. On plastic and laminin with MCF-10A normal breast epithelial cells, EGF and IGFBP-3 each increased cell growth and together produced a synergistic response, whereas with T47D breast cancer cells IGFBP-3 alone had no effect, but the ability of EGF to increase cell proliferation was markedly inhibited in the presence of IGFBP-3. In contrast on fibronectin with MCF-10A cells, IGFBP-3 alone inhibited cell growth and blocked EGF-induced proliferation. With the cancer cells, IGFBP-3 alone had no effect but enhanced the EGF-induced increase in cell growth. The insulin-like growth factor-independent effects of IGFBP-3 alone on cell proliferation were completely abrogated in the presence of an EGFR, tyrosine kinase inhibitor, Iressa. Although IGFBP-3 did not affect EGFR phosphorylation [Tyr(1068)], it was found to modulate receptor internalization and was associated with activation of Rho and subsequent changes in MAPK phosphorylation. The levels of fibronectin and IGFBP-3 within breast tumors may determine their dependence on EGFR and their response to therapies targeting this receptor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jamie McIntosh
- School of Clinical Sciences, IGFs and Metabolic Endocrinology Group, Learning and Research Building, 2nd Floor, University of Bristol, Southmead Hospital, Bristol BS10 5NB, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
71
|
ERIKSSON CATHARINA, RANTAPÄÄ-DAHLQVIST SOLBRITT, SUNDQVIST KARLGÖSTA. T-cell expression of CD91 - a marker of unresponsiveness to anti-TNF therapy in rheumatoid arthritis. APMIS 2010; 118:837-45. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0463.2010.02677.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
|
72
|
Overlapping and distinct mechanisms of action of multiple sclerosis therapies. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2010; 112:583-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2010.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2010] [Revised: 04/27/2010] [Accepted: 05/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
73
|
Abstract
Although biologic agents directed against tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) continue to be an effective therapeutic strategy for patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), approximately 30% of patients with Crohn's disease (CD) who are refractory to standard treatment do not respond to induction therapy with TNFα inhibitors and, of those who initially respond, 50% or more cease to respond within a year. Moreover, their use can be associated with significant safety issues. Clearly, there is a need to target alternative pathways involved in the inflammatory process. IBD is driven by the trafficking of lymphocytes from the circulation into the gut tissue that is mediated by adhesive interactions between the lymphocytes and endothelial cells. The adhesion molecules involved represent attractive targets for the development of new therapeutics which should aid in the resolution of existing inflammation, prevent recurrence of inflammation, and may potentially lead to long-term control of disease. In this article we review current opportunities and challenges facing anti-adhesion therapy in IBD, and discusses recent clinical development efforts that have focused on having an impact on two particular adhesive interactions: α(4)-integrin/MAdCAM-1 and β(2)-integrin/ICAM-1. Of particular interest is natalizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody against human α(4) integrin that is approved for the treatment of patients with moderately-to-severely active CD and evidence of active inflammation. This agent represents an efficacious therapeutic option for patients who do not respond to, or have failed, a TNF-α inhibitor.
Collapse
|
74
|
Sun J, Shi Z, Guo H, Tu C. Changes in the porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cell proteome induced by infection with highly virulent classical swine fever virus. J Gen Virol 2010; 91:2254-62. [PMID: 20463149 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.022020-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Leukopenia and immunosuppression are characteristic clinical manifestations of classical swine fever and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) are major targets of classical swine fever virus. To investigate proteomic expression changes in swine PBMCs during lethal CSFV infection, proteins of PBMCs from five lethally CSFV-infected pigs were resolved by two-dimensional electrophoresis followed by mass spectrometry. Quantitative intensity analysis revealed that 66 protein spots showed altered expression, 44 of which were identified as 34 unique proteins by MALDI-TOF-MS/MS. Cellular functions of these proteins included cytoskeletal, energy metabolism, protein translation and processing, antioxidative stress, heat shock and blood clotting. Western blot analysis confirmed the upregulation of annexin A1 and downregulation of cofilin. Identification of these changed levels of expression provides an understanding at the molecular level of the response of in vivo target cells to CSFV infection and of the pathogenic mechanisms of leukopenia and immunosuppression induced by the virus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinfu Sun
- College of Science, Northeastern University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
75
|
Thrombospondin-1 as a Paradigm for the Development of Antiangiogenic Agents Endowed with Multiple Mechanisms of Action. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2010; 3:1241-1278. [PMID: 27713299 PMCID: PMC4034032 DOI: 10.3390/ph3041241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2010] [Revised: 04/20/2010] [Accepted: 04/22/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Uncontrolled neovascularization occurs in several angiogenesis-dependent diseases, including cancer. Neovascularization is tightly controlled by the balance between angiogenic growth factors and antiangiogenic agents. The various natural angiogenesis inhibitors identified so far affect neovascularization by different mechanisms of action. Thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) is a matricellular modular glycoprotein that acts as a powerful endogenous inhibitor of angiogenesis. It acts both indirectly, by sequestering angiogenic growth factors and effectors in the extracellular environment, and directly, by inducing an antiangiogenic program in endothelial cells following engagement of specific receptors including CD36, CD47, integrins and proteoglycans (all involved in angiogenesis ). In view of its central, multifaceted role in angiogenesis, TSP-1 has served as a source of antiangiogenic tools, including TSP-1 fragments, synthetic peptides and peptidomimetics, gene therapy strategies, and agents that up-regulate TSP-1 expression. This review discusses TSP-1-based inhibitors of angiogenesis, their mechanisms of action and therapeutic potential, drawing our experience with angiogenic growth factor-interacting TSP-1 peptides, and the possibility of exploiting them to design novel antiangiogenic agents.
Collapse
|
76
|
Schwinn MK, Gonzalez JM, Gabelt BT, Sheibani N, Kaufman PL, Peters DM. Heparin II domain of fibronectin mediates contractility through an alpha4beta1 co-signaling pathway. Exp Cell Res 2010; 316:1500-12. [PMID: 20302860 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2010.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2009] [Revised: 02/26/2010] [Accepted: 03/10/2010] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
In the trabecular meshwork (TM) of the eye, regulation of tissue contractility by the PPRARI sequence within the Heparin II (HepII) domain of fibronectin is believed to control the movement of aqueous humor and dictate the level of intraocular pressure. This study shows that the HepII domain utilizes activated alpha4beta1 integrin and collagen to mediate a co-signaling pathway that down-regulates contractility in TM cells. siRNA silencing of alpha4beta1 integrin blocked the actin disrupting effects of both PPRARI and the HepII domain. The down-regulation of the actin cytoskeleton and contractility did not involve syndecan-4 or other heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) since siRNA silencing of syndecan-4 expression or heparitinase removal of cell surface HSPGs did not prevent the HepII-mediated disruption of the actin cytoskeleton. HepII-mediated disruption of the cytoskeleton depended upon the presence of collagen in the extracellular matrix, and cell binding studies indicated that HepII signaling involved cross-talk between alpha4beta1 and alpha1/alpha2beta1 integrins. This is the first time that the PPRARI sequence in the HepII domain has been shown to serve as a physiological alpha4beta1 ligand, suggesting that alpha4beta1 integrin may be a key regulator of tissue contractility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie K Schwinn
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
77
|
Aberrant methylation of thrombospondin-1 and its association with reduced expression in gastric cardia adenocarcinoma. J Biomed Biotechnol 2010; 2010:721485. [PMID: 20300551 PMCID: PMC2838370 DOI: 10.1155/2010/721485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2009] [Revised: 12/08/2009] [Accepted: 12/31/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Investigate the promoter methylation of the Thrombospondin-1 (TSP1) gene in gastric cardia adenocarcinoma (GCA). METHODS MSP approach, immunohistochemistry method, and RT-PCR were used respectively to examine the promoter methylation of TSP1, its protein and mRNA expression in tumors and corresponding normal tissues. The expression and concentration of TGF-beta1 were examined respectively by immunohistochemistry and ELISA method. The status of T cell immunity was examined by Flow cytometry analysis. RESULTS TSP1 was methylated in 34/96 (35.4%) tumor specimens, which was significantly higher than that in corresponding normal tissues (P < .001). Protein and mRNA expression of TSP1 in GCA tumor tissues were reduced significantly and were associated with TSP1 methylation. The protein expression of TGF-beta1 was significantly higher in tumor tissues (P < .001) and was associated with TNM stage and histological differentiation. The concentration of active and total TGF-beta1 did not show significant difference between the GCA patients with hypermethylation of TSP1 and without methylation of TSP1 (P > .05). The function of T cell immunity was significantly different between the GCA patients with hypermethylation of TSP1 and without methylation of TSP1. CONCLUSIONS Epigenetic silencing of TSP1 gene by promoter hypermethylation may play an important role in GCA.
Collapse
|
78
|
|
79
|
Maxhimer JB, Shih HB, Isenberg JS, Miller TW, Roberts DD. Thrombospondin-1/CD47 blockade following ischemia-reperfusion injury is tissue protective. Plast Reconstr Surg 2009; 124:1880-1889. [PMID: 19952644 PMCID: PMC2794041 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0b013e3181bceec3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nitric oxide has prosurvival effects that can limit ischemia-reperfusion injuries. However, the matrix glycoprotein thrombospondin-1 is induced following ischemia-reperfusion injury and limits nitric oxide signaling by engaging its cell surface receptor CD47. In this article, the authors examine whether postinjury blocking of this inhibitory signal can protect from ischemia-reperfusion injury in a rat flap model. METHODS A total of 40 tissue flaps were created in rats based solely on the deep inferior epigastric vessels. Microvascular clamps were used to create 45 minutes of ischemia time to the flaps. The flaps were then treated using a monoclonal antibody to CD47 or an isotype-matched control immunoglobulin G1 5 or 30 minutes after clamp removal. Twenty-four or 72 hours postoperatively, the necrotic area of the flap was determined, and serum, deep inferior epigastric vessels, and flaps were harvested for analysis from five rats in each respective group. RESULTS Treatment with a CD47 antibody 5 minutes after reperfusion significantly reduces flap necrosis compared with immunoglobulin G1 control (9 percent versus 43 percent; p < 0.01). The protective effect is even more dramatic when treatment is delayed until 30 minutes after reperfusion (10 percent versus 88 percent for control; p < 0.01). Markers of neutrophil and endothelial cell activation along with total leukocytes are reduced in CD47 antibody-treated flaps, as are tissue malondialdehyde levels. Levels of cyclic guanosine monophosphate are elevated 72 hours postoperatively in the CD47 antibody-treated deep inferior epigastric vessels versus the control flaps. CONCLUSIONS Therapies targeting the thrombospondin-1 receptor CD47 offer potential for increasing tissue survival in ischemia-reperfusion injuries. The ability to protect when given after ischemia-reperfusion injury enables a broader clinical applicability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justin B Maxhimer
- Bethesda and Baltimore, Md.; and Pittsburgh, Pa. From the Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health; the Department of Surgery, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions; the Howard Hughes Medical Institute-National Institutes of Health Research Scholar Program; and the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
80
|
Liu Z, Christensson M, Forslöw A, De Meester I, Sundqvist KG. A CD26-controlled cell surface cascade for regulation of T cell motility and chemokine signals. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 183:3616-24. [PMID: 19687096 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0804336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chemokines are key regulators of cell trafficking, and dipeptidyl peptidase IV/CD26 (CD26) inactivates chemokines. Here we show that the CD26-processed chemokines SDF1alpha/CXCL12 and RANTES/CCL5, in contrast to a control chemokine not processed by CD26, are potent inducers of cell surface expression of thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) in T lymphocytes through a CD26-controlled mechanism and that TSP-1 stimulates expression of lipoprotein receptor related protein/CD91. Accordingly, intact TSP-1 and a peptide mimetic of a sequence in TSP-1 were sufficient to stimulate CD91 expression. The chemokine-induced expression of TSP-1 and CD91 was mimicked by inhibitors of CD26 and CXCL12 and CCL5 as well as inhibitors of CD26 stimulated polarized cytoplasmic spreading and migration through TSP-1. Silencing of CD26 using small interfering RNA or Ab-induced modulation of CD26 also increased TSP-1 expression and enhanced cytoplasmic spreading and T cell migration markedly. These results indicate that CD26 is an endogenous inhibitor of T cell motility through inhibition of TSP-1 expression and that chemokines stimulate cell polarity and migration through abrogation of the CD26-dependent inhibition. This suggests that T cell motility is regulated by a cascade of interacting cell surface molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwen Liu
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute at Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
81
|
Heymans S, Hirsch E, Anker SD, Aukrust P, Balligand JL, Cohen-Tervaert JW, Drexler H, Filippatos G, Felix SB, Gullestad L, Hilfiker-Kleiner D, Janssens S, Latini R, Neubauer G, Paulus WJ, Pieske B, Ponikowski P, Schroen B, Schultheiss HP, Tschöpe C, Van Bilsen M, Zannad F, McMurray J, Shah AM. Inflammation as a therapeutic target in heart failure? A scientific statement from the Translational Research Committee of the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur J Heart Fail 2009; 11:119-29. [PMID: 19168509 DOI: 10.1093/eurjhf/hfn043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of heart failure poses enormous challenges for health care systems worldwide. Despite effective medical interventions that target neurohumoral activation, mortality and morbidity remain substantial. Evidence for inflammatory activation as an important pathway in disease progression in chronic heart failure has emerged in the last two decades. However, clinical trials of 'anti-inflammatory' therapies (such as anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha approaches) have to date failed to show benefit in heart failure patients. The Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology recently organized an expert workshop to address the issue of inflammation in heart failure from a basic science, translational and clinical perspective, and to assess whether specific inflammatory pathways may yet serve as novel therapeutic targets for this condition. This consensus document represents the outcome of the workshop and defines key research questions that still need to be addressed as well as considering the requirements for future clinical trials in this area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephane Heymans
- Experimental & Molecular Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
82
|
Guimont-Desrochers F, Beauchamp C, Chabot-Roy G, Dugas V, Hillhouse EE, Dusseault J, Langlois G, Gautier-Ethier P, Darwiche J, Sarfati M, Lesage S. Absence of CD47 in vivo influences thymic dendritic cell subset proportions but not negative selection of thymocytes. Int Immunol 2009; 21:167-77. [PMID: 19147837 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxn135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
CD47 is a ubiquitously expressed molecule which has been attributed a role in many cellular processes. Its role in preventing cellular phagocytosis has defined CD47 as an obligatory self-molecule providing a 'don't-eat-me-signal'. Additionally, CD47-CD172a interactions are important for cellular trafficking. Yet, the contribution of CD47 to T cell stimulation remains controversial, acting sometimes as a co-stimulator and sometimes as an inhibitor of TCR signalling or peripheral T cell responses. Most of the experiments leading to this controversy have been carried in in vitro systems. Moreover, the role of CD47 on thymocyte differentiation, which precisely relies on TCR signal strength, has not been evaluated. Here, we examine the in vivo role of CD47 in T cell differentiation using CD47-deficient mice. We find that, in the absence of CD47, thymocyte positive and negative selection processes are not altered. Indeed, our data demonstrate that the absence of CD47 does not influence the strength of TCR signalling in thymocytes. Furthermore, in agreement with a role for CD47-CD172a interactions in CD172a(+) dendritic cell migration, we report a reduced proportion of thymic dendritic cells expressing CD172a in CD47-deficient mice. As the total proportion of dendritic cells is maintained, this creates an imbalance in the proportion of CD172a(+) and CD172a(low) dendritic cells in the thymus. Together, these data indicate that the altered proportion of thymic dendritic cell subsets does not have a primordial influence on thymic selection processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Guimont-Desrochers
- Research Centre, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
83
|
Isenberg JS, Annis DS, Pendrak ML, Ptaszynska M, Frazier WA, Mosher DF, Roberts DD. Differential interactions of thrombospondin-1, -2, and -4 with CD47 and effects on cGMP signaling and ischemic injury responses. J Biol Chem 2008; 284:1116-25. [PMID: 19004835 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m804860200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Thrombospondin-1 regulates nitric oxide (NO) signaling in vascular cells via CD47. Because CD47 binding motifs are conserved in the C-terminal signature domains of all five thrombospondins and indirect evidence has implied CD47 interactions with other family members, we compared activities of recombinant signature domains of thrombospondin-1, -2, and -4 to interact with CD47 and modulate cGMP signaling. Signature domains of thrombospondin-2 and -4 were less active than that of thrombospondin-1 for inhibiting binding of radiolabeled signature domain of thrombospondin-1 or SIRPalpha (signal-regulatory protein) to cells expressing CD47. Consistent with this binding selectivity, the signature domain of thrombospondin-1 was more potent than those of thrombospondin-2 or -4 for inhibiting NO-stimulated cGMP synthesis in vascular smooth muscle cells and downstream effects on cell adhesion. In contrast to thrombospondin-1- and CD47-null cells, primary vascular cells from thrombospondin-2-null mice lack enhanced basal and NO-stimulated cGMP signaling. Effects of endogenous thrombospondin-2 on NO/cGMP signaling could be detected only in thrombospondin-1-null cells. Furthermore, tissue survival of ischemic injury and acute recovery of blood flow in thrombospondin-2-nulls resembles that of wild type mice. Therefore, thrombospondin-1 is the dominant regulator of NO/cGMP signaling via CD47, and its limiting role in acute ischemic injury responses is not shared by thrombospondin-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeff S Isenberg
- Laboratory of Pathology, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
84
|
Isenberg JS, Maxhimer JB, Hyodo F, Pendrak ML, Ridnour LA, DeGraff WG, Tsokos M, Wink DA, Roberts DD. Thrombospondin-1 and CD47 limit cell and tissue survival of radiation injury. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2008; 173:1100-12. [PMID: 18787106 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2008.080237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Radiation, a primary mode of cancer therapy, acutely damages cellular macromolecules and DNA and elicits stress responses that lead to cell death. The known cytoprotective activity of nitric oxide (NO) is blocked by thrombospondin-1, a potent antagonist of NO/cGMP signaling in ischemic soft tissues, suggesting that thrombospondin-1 signaling via its receptor CD47 could correspondingly increase radiosensitivity. We show here that soft tissues in thrombospondin-1-null mice are remarkably resistant to radiation injury. Twelve hours after 25-Gy hindlimb irradiation, thrombospondin-1-null mice showed significantly less cell death in both muscle and bone marrow. Two months after irradiation, skin and muscle units in null mice showed minimal histological evidence of radiation injury and near full retention of mitochondrial function. Additionally, both tissue perfusion and acute vascular responses to NO were preserved in irradiated thrombospondin-1-null hindlimbs. The role of thrombospondin-1 in radiosensitization is specific because thrombospondin-2-null mice were not protected. However, mice lacking CD47 showed radioresistance similar to thrombospondin-1-null mice. Both thrombospondin-1- and CD47-dependent radiosensitization is cell autonomous because vascular cells isolated from the respective null mice showed dramatically increased survival and improved proliferative capacity after irradiation in vitro. Therefore, thrombospondin-1/CD47 antagonists may have selective radioprotective activity for normal tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeff S Isenberg
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1500, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
85
|
Isenberg JS, Maxhimer JB, Powers P, Tsokos M, Frazier WA, Roberts DD. Treatment of liver ischemia-reperfusion injury by limiting thrombospondin-1/CD47 signaling. Surgery 2008; 144:752-61. [PMID: 19081017 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2008.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2008] [Accepted: 07/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury remains a primary complication of transplant surgery, accounting for about 80% of liver transplant failures, and is a major source of morbidity in other pathologic conditions. Activation of endothelium and inflammatory cell recruitment are central to the initiation and promulgation of I/R injury, which can be limited by the bioactive gas nitric oxide (NO). The discovery that thrombsospondin-1 (TSP1), via CD47, limits NO signaling in vascular cells and ischemic injuries in vivo suggested that I/R injury could be another important target of this signaling pathway. METHODS Wild-type, TSP1-null, and CD47-null mice underwent liver I/R injury. Wild-type animals were pretreated with CD47 or control antibodies before liver I/R injury. Tissue perfusion via laser Doppler imaging, serum enzymes, histology, and immunohistology were assessed. RESULTS TSP1-null and CD47-null mice subjected to subtotal liver I/R injury showed improved perfusion relative to wild-type mice. Null mice subjected to liver I/R had decreased liver enzyme release and less histologic evidence of injury. Elevated TSP1 expression in liver tissue after I/R injury suggested that preventing its interaction with CD47 could be protective. Thus, pretreatment of wild-type mice using a blocking CD47 antibody improved recovery of tissue perfusion and preserved liver integrity after I/R injury. CONCLUSIONS Tissue survival and perfusion after liver I/R injury are limited by TSP1 and CD47. Targeting CD47 before I/R injury enhances tissue survival and perfusion in a model of liver I/R injury and suggests therapeutics for enhancing organ survival in transplantation surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeff S Isenberg
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
86
|
Kuznetsova SA, Mahoney DJ, Martin-Manso G, Ali T, Nentwich HA, Sipes JM, Zeng B, Vogel T, Day AJ, Roberts DD. TSG-6 binds via its CUB_C domain to the cell-binding domain of fibronectin and increases fibronectin matrix assembly. Matrix Biol 2008; 27:201-10. [PMID: 18042364 PMCID: PMC2384166 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2007.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2007] [Revised: 09/05/2007] [Accepted: 10/11/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Human plasma fibronectin binds with high affinity to the inflammation-induced secreted protein TSG-6. Fibronectin binds to the CUB_C domain of TSG-6 but not to its Link module. TSG-6 can thus act as a bridging molecule to facilitate fibronectin association with the TSG-6 Link module ligand thrombospondin-1. Fibronectin binding to TSG-6 is divalent cation-independent and is conserved in cellular fibronectins. Based on competition binding studies using recombinant and proteolytic fragments of fibronectin, TSG-6 binding localizes to type III repeats 9-14 of fibronectin. This region of fibronectin contains the Arg-Gly-Asp sequence recognized by alpha5beta1 integrin, but deletion of that sequence does not prevent TSG-6 binding, and TSG-6 does not inhibit cell adhesion on fibronectin substrates mediated by this integrin. This region of fibronectin is also involved in fibronectin matrix assembly, and addition of TSG-6 enhances exogenous and endogenous fibronectin matrix assembly by human fibroblasts. Therefore, TSG-6 is a high affinity ligand that can mediate fibronectin interactions with other matrix components and modulate some interactions of fibronectin with cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana A. Kuznetsova
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - David J. Mahoney
- MRC Immunochemistry Unit, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Gema Martin-Manso
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Tariq Ali
- MRC Immunochemistry Unit, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Hilke A. Nentwich
- MRC Immunochemistry Unit, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - John M. Sipes
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Bixi Zeng
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Tikva Vogel
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Anthony J. Day
- MRC Immunochemistry Unit, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - David D. Roberts
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| |
Collapse
|
87
|
Punekar S, Zak S, Kalter VG, Dobransky L, Punekar I, Lawler JW, Gutierrez LS. Thrombospondin 1 and its mimetic peptide ABT-510 decrease angiogenesis and inflammation in a murine model of inflammatory bowel disease. Pathobiology 2008; 75:9-21. [PMID: 18334835 DOI: 10.1159/000113790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2007] [Accepted: 09/07/2007] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Vascular abnormalities and expression of proangiogenic factors have been repeatedly reported in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Thrombospondin 1 (TSP-1) is a protein well known for its antiangiogenic and anti-inflammatory properties. Using the dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) model, the role of TSP-1 in IBD has been investigated in vivo. METHODS TSP-1-deficient mice (TSP-1-/-) and WT mice were treated with DSS for 7 days. Disease activity indices, myeloperoxidase activity (MPO) and histology were analyzed. Microvascular density (MVD) was quantified using immunohistochemistry (IMH) with CD31 antibody. TGF-beta(1), basic FGF, VEGF, TNF-alpha and MMPs protein levels were evaluated by IMH and enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA). Mice were treated with ABT-510 (Abbott Laboratories), an antiangiogenic TSP peptide, using miniosmotic pumps for 7 days. RESULTS TSP-1(-/-) mice had a worse clinical outcome and exhibited severe signs of rectal bleeding compared to the WT controls. The TSP-1-/- mice showed a higher level of crypt damage and deeper lesions. The grade of inflammation and the levels of MPO activity were also significantly higher in colons of TSP-1-/- mice. TSP-1-/- mice displayed higher MVD in focal areas of the colon after only 3 days of DSS treatment. Furthermore, clinical severity of the colitis and angiogenesis was significantly diminished when mice was treated with ABT-510. CONCLUSIONS These findings directly link TSP-1 as a protective factor in IBD and suggest antiangiogenesis treatment, including compounds such as ABT-510 as an adjuvant therapy for IBD.
Collapse
|
88
|
Isenberg JS, Frazier WA, Roberts DD. Thrombospondin-1: a physiological regulator of nitric oxide signaling. Cell Mol Life Sci 2008; 65:728-42. [PMID: 18193160 PMCID: PMC2562780 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-007-7488-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Thrombospondin-1 is a secreted protein that modulates vascular cell behavior via several cell surface receptors. In vitro, nanomolar concentrations of thrombospondin-1 are required to alter endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cell adhesion, proliferation, motility, and survival. Yet, much lower levels of thrombospondin-1 are clearly functional in vivo. This discrepancy was explained with the discovery that the potency of thrombospondin-1 increases more than 100-fold in the presence of physiological levels of nitric oxide (NO). Thrombospondin-1 binding to CD47 inhibits NO signaling by preventing cGMP synthesis and activation of its target cGMP-dependent protein kinase. This potent antagonism of NO signaling allows thrombospondin-1 to acutely constrict blood vessels, accelerate platelet aggregation, and if sustained, inhibit angiogenic responses. Acute antagonism of NO signaling by thrombospondin-1 is important for hemostasis but becomes detrimental for tissue survival of ischemic injuries. New therapeutic approaches targeting thrombospondin-1 or CD47 can improve recovery from ischemic injuries and overcome a deficit in NO-responsiveness in aging. (Part of a Multi-author Review).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J. S. Isenberg
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room 2A33, 10 Center Dr MSC1500, Bethesda, Maryland 20892 USA
| | - W. A. Frazier
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110 USA
| | - D. D. Roberts
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room 2A33, 10 Center Dr MSC1500, Bethesda, Maryland 20892 USA
| |
Collapse
|
89
|
Calzada MJ, Kuznetsova SA, Sipes JM, Rodrigues RG, Cashel JA, Annis DS, Mosher DF, Roberts DD. Calcium indirectly regulates immunochemical reactivity and functional activities of the N-domain of thrombospondin-1. Matrix Biol 2007; 27:339-51. [PMID: 18226512 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2007.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2005] [Revised: 12/04/2007] [Accepted: 12/07/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Conformational changes induced in thrombospondin-1 by removal of calcium regulate interactions with some ligands of its N-modules. Because calcium binds primarily to elements of the C-terminal signature domain of thrombospondin-1, which are distant from the N-modules, such regulation was unexpected. To clarify the mechanism for this regulation, we compared ligand binding to the N-modules of thrombospondin-1 in the full-length protein and recombinant trimeric thrombospondin-1 truncated prior to the signature domain. Three monoclonal antibodies were identified that recognize the N-modules, two of which exhibit calcium-dependent binding to native thrombospondin-1 but not to the truncated trimeric protein. These antibodies or calcium selectively modulate interactions of fibronectin, heparin, sulfatide, alpha3beta1 integrin, tumor necrosis factor-alpha-stimulated gene-6 protein, and, to a lesser extent, alpha4beta1 integrin with native thrombospondin-1 but not with the truncated protein. These results indicate connectivity between calcium binding sites in the C-terminal signature domain and the N-modules of thrombospondin-1 that regulates ligand binding and functional activities of the N-modules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria J Calzada
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
90
|
Leppänen VM, Tossavainen H, Permi P, Lehtiö L, Rönnholm G, Goldman A, Kilpelaïnen I, Pihlajamaa T. Crystal structure of the N-terminal NC4 domain of collagen IX, a zinc binding member of the laminin-neurexin-sex hormone binding globulin (LNS) domain family. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:23219-30. [PMID: 17553797 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m702514200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Collagen IX, located on the surface of collagen fibrils, is crucial for cartilage integrity and stability. The N-terminal NC4 domain of the alpha1(IX) chain is probably important in this because it interacts with various macromolecules such as proteoglycans and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein. At least 17 distinct collagen polypeptides carry an NC4-like unit near their N terminus, but this report, describing the crystal structure of NC4 at 1.8-A resolution, represents the first atomic level structure for these domains. The structure is similar to previously characterized laminin-neurexin-sex hormone binding globulin (LNS) structures, dominated by an antiparallel beta-sheet sandwich. In addition, a zinc ion was found in a position similar to that of the metal binding site of other LNS domains. A partial backbone NMR assignment of NC4 was obtained and utilized in NMR titration studies to investigate the zinc binding in solution state and to quantitate the affinity of metal binding. The K(d) of 11.5 mM suggests a regulatory rather than a structural role for zinc in solution. NMR titration with a heparin tetrasaccharide revealed the presence of a secondary binding site for heparin on NC4, showing structural and functional conservation with thrombospondin-1, but a markedly reduced affinity for the ligand. Also the overall arrangement of the N and C termini of NC4 resembles most closely the N-terminal domain of thrombospondin-1, distinguishing the two from the majority of the published LNS structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veli-Matti Leppänen
- Program in Structural Biology and Biophysics, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
91
|
Bandyopadhyay G, De A, Laudanski K, Li F, Lentz C, Bankey P, Miller-Graziano C. Negative signaling contributes to T-cell anergy in trauma patients. Crit Care Med 2007; 35:794-801. [PMID: 17255857 DOI: 10.1097/01.ccm.0000256847.61085.a5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Maintenance of postinjury T-lymphocyte immune paralysis or anergy could result from failure to activate costimulatory receptors during T-cell receptor activation and/or from chronic stimulation of a competing set of elevated corepressor receptors. Our objective was to assess whether elevated posttrauma T-lymphocyte surface expression of corepressor receptors was associated with immunodepressed lymphocyte responses and corresponded to increased inhibitory and decreased activating signal transduction molecules. DESIGN Prospective observational study. SETTING University trauma intensive care unit and research laboratory. PATIENTS Sixty-one severe thermal and mechanical trauma patients. INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Isolated trauma patients' and controls' peripheral blood T cells were assayed for negative and positive costimulation receptor expression. These receptor expression levels were compared (flow cytometry) between the two groups and correlated to T-cell levels of inhibitory and activating signal transduction molecules and proliferation capacity. Patients' proliferation hyporesponsive (anergic) T cells had increased expression of novel inhibitory receptors (corepressors) PD-1 (p < .05) and CD47 (p < .05) vs. patients' T-cell proliferation competent or controls' T cells. Patients' T-cell CD152 (CTLA-4) expression was also elevated vs. controls. Only patients' anergic T cells had simultaneously increased levels of the inhibitory signal transduction proteins, c-Cbl, a ubiquitin-ligase (p < .01) and SHP-1, a phosphatase (p < .01), concomitant to depressed phosphorylation of the activating signal kinases Erk, Zap70, and CD3Euro. T-cell receptor complex phosphorylation and activation of the interleukin-2 pivotal transcriptional complex protein CREB were also simultaneously depressed as c-Cbl and SHP-1 were elevated. CONCLUSIONS Up-regulated corepressor receptor expression is novelly shown to characterize trauma patients' anergic T cells and correlate with predominance of inhibitory overactivating signal transduction molecules during T-cell stimulation. This could contribute to postinjury immunosuppression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gautam Bandyopadhyay
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Rochester, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
92
|
Lamy L, Foussat A, Brown EJ, Bornstein P, Ticchioni M, Bernard A. Interactions between CD47 and Thrombospondin Reduce Inflammation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2007; 178:5930-9. [PMID: 17442977 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.178.9.5930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
CD47 on the surface of T cells was shown in vitro to mediate either T cell activation or, in the presence of high amounts of thrombospondin (TSP), T cell apoptosis. We report here that CD47-deficient mice, as well as TSP-1 or TSP-2-deficient mice, sustain oxazolone-induced inflammation for more than four days, whereas wild-type mice reduce the inflammation within 48 h. We observe that prolonged inflammation in CD47-, TSP-1-, or TSP-2-deficient mice is accompanied by a local deficiency of T cell apoptosis. Finally, we show that upon activation normal T cells increase the expression of the proapoptotic Bcl-2 family member BNIP3 (Bcl-2/adenovirus E1B 19-kDa interacting protein) and undergo CD47-mediated apoptosis. This finding is consistent with our previous demonstration of a physical interaction between BNIP3 and CD47 that inhibits BNIP3 degradation by the proteasome, sensitizing T cells to CD47-induced apoptosis. Overall, these results reveal an important role in vivo for this new CD47/BNIP3 pathway in limiting inflammation by controlling the number of activated T cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Lamy
- INSERM Unit 576, Hospitalier de l'Université de Nice, University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Hôpital de l'Archet I, 151 rue Saint Antoine de Ginestière, Nice, France
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
93
|
Staniszewska I, Zaveri S, Del Valle L, Oliva I, Rothman VL, Croul SE, Roberts DD, Mosher DF, Tuszynski GP, Marcinkiewicz C. Interaction of alpha9beta1 integrin with thrombospondin-1 promotes angiogenesis. Circ Res 2007; 100:1308-16. [PMID: 17413041 DOI: 10.1161/01.res.0000266662.98355.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Thrombospondin-1 is a multifunctional protein interacting with several cell surface receptors including integrins. We found that it is a ligand for alpha9beta1 integrin, and has an integrin binding site within its N-terminal domain (NoC1). Interaction of thrombospondin-1 and its recombinant NoC1 domain with alpha9beta1 integrin was confirmed in ELISA and cell adhesion assays. Binding of NoC1 to cells expressing alpha9beta1 integrin activated signaling proteins such as Erk1/2 and paxillin. Blocking of this integrin by monoclonal antibody and the met-leu-asp-disintegrin inhibited dermal human microvascular endothelial cell proliferation and NoC1-induced migration of these cells. Immunohistochemical studies revealed that alpha9beta1 is expressed on microvascular endothelium in several organs including skin, lung, heart and brain. NoC1 induced neovascularization in an experimental quail chorioallantoic membrane system and Matrigel plug formation assay in mice. This proangiogenic activity of NoC1 in vivo was inhibited by alpha9beta1 inhibitors. In summary, our results revealed that alpha9beta1 integrin expressed on microvascular endothelial cells interacts with thrombospondin-1, and this interaction is involved in modulation of angiogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Staniszewska
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Neurovirology, Temple University, School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
94
|
|
95
|
The molecular signature of therapeutic mesenchymal stem cells exposes the architecture of the hematopoietic stem cell niche synapse. BMC Genomics 2007; 8:65. [PMID: 17341312 PMCID: PMC1821333 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-8-65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2006] [Accepted: 03/06/2007] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) niche of the bone marrow is comprised of HSCs, osteoblasts, endothelial cells and a stromal component of non-hematopoietic multipotent cells of mesenchymal origin named "mesenchymal stem cells" (MSCs). RESULTS Here we studied the global transcriptional profile of murine MSCs with immuno-therapeutic potential and compared it with that of 486 publicly available microarray datasets from 12 other mouse tissues or cell types. Principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering identified a unique pattern of gene expression capable of distinctively classifying MSCs from other tissues and cells. We then performed an analysis aimed to identify absolute and relative abundance of transcripts in all cell types. We found that the set of transcripts uniquely expressed by MSCs is enriched in transcription factors and components of the Wnt signaling pathway. The analysis of differentially expressed genes also identified a set of genes specifically involved in the HSC niche and is complemented by functional studies that confirm the findings. Interestingly, some of these genes play a role in the maintenance of HSCs in a quiescent state supporting their survival and preventing them from proliferating and differentiating. We also show that MSCs modulate T cell functions in vitro and, upon in vivo administration, ameliorate experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). CONCLUSION Altogether, these findings provide novel and important insights on the mechanisms of T cell function regulation by MSCs and help to cement the rationale for their application in the treatment of autoimmune diseases.
Collapse
|
96
|
Humphries JD, Humphries MJ. CD14 is a ligand for the integrin α4β1. FEBS Lett 2007; 581:757-63. [PMID: 17274987 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2007.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2006] [Revised: 01/15/2007] [Accepted: 01/18/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cell adhesion mediated by the integrin alpha4beta1 plays a key role in many biological processes reflecting both the number and functional significance of alpha4beta1 ligands. The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) receptor, CD14, is a GPI-linked cell surface glycoprotein with a wide range of reported functions and associations, some of which overlap with that of alpha4beta1. This overlap led us to test the specific hypothesis that alpha4beta1 and CD14 interact directly. Jurkat T cells (alpha4beta1(+)) were found to adhere to a recombinant CD14-Fc protein via alpha4beta1, whilst K562 cells (alpha4beta1(-)) did not. However, stable reexpression of the alpha4-subunit conferred this ability. The adhesion of both cell types to CD14 displayed activation state-dependent binding very similar to the interaction of alpha4beta1 with its prototypic ligand, VCAM-1. In solid-phase assays, CD14-Fc bound to affinity-purified alpha4beta1 in a dose-dependent manner that was induced by activating anti-beta1 mAbs. Finally, in related experiments, JY cells (alpha4beta7(+)) were also found to attach to CD14-Fc in an alpha4-dependent manner. In summary, CD14 is a novel ligand for alpha4beta1, exhibiting similar activation-state dependent binding characteristics as other alpha4beta1 ligands. The biological relevance of this interaction will be the subject of further studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D Humphries
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | | |
Collapse
|
97
|
Grimbert P, Bouguermouh S, Baba N, Nakajima T, Allakhverdi Z, Braun D, Saito H, Rubio M, Delespesse G, Sarfati M. Thrombospondin/CD47 Interaction: A Pathway to Generate Regulatory T Cells from Human CD4+CD25− T Cells in Response to Inflammation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2006; 177:3534-41. [PMID: 16951312 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.177.6.3534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Thymus-derived CD4+ CD25+ T regulatory cells (Tregs) are essential for the maintenance of self-tolerance. What critical factors and conditions are required for the extra-thymic development of Tregs remains an important question. In this study, we show that the anti-inflammatory extracellular matrix protein, thrombospondin-1, promoted the generation of human peripheral regulatory T cells through the ligation of one of its receptor, CD47. CD47 stimulation by mAb or a thrombospondin-1 peptide induced naive or memory CD4+ CD25- T cells to become suppressive. The latter expressed increased amounts of CTLA-4, OX40, GITR, and Foxp3 and inhibited autologous Th0, Th1, and Th2 cells. Their regulatory activity was contact dependent, TGF-beta independent, and partially circumvented by IL-2. This previously unknown mechanism to induce human peripheral Tregs in response to inflammation may participate to the limitation of collateral damage induced by exacerbated responses to self or foreign Ags and thus be relevant for therapeutic intervention in autoimmune diseases and transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Grimbert
- Immunoregulation Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montreal, Research Center , Hospital Notre-Dame, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
98
|
|
99
|
Li SS, Liu Z, Uzunel M, Sundqvist KG. Endogenous thrombospondin-1 is a cell-surface ligand for regulation of integrin-dependent T-lymphocyte adhesion. Blood 2006; 108:3112-20. [PMID: 16835379 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2006-04-016832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphocyte adhesion to cells and extracellular matrix (ECM) via integrins plays a pivotal role for the function of the immune system. We show here that endogenous thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) is a cell-surface ligand for cis interaction of surface receptors in T lymphocytes controlled by integrins and the T-cell antigen receptor (TCR/CD3). Stimulation of CD3 triggers rapid surface expression of TSP-1 in quiescent T cells, whereas activated cells express TSP-1 constitutively. Endogenous TSP-1 is attached to lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1/CD91) and calreticulin (CRT) on the cell surface through its NH2-terminal domain. Adhesion via integrins to ICAM-1 or ECM components up-regulates TSP turnover dramatically from a low level in nonadherent cells, whereas CD3 stimulation inhibits TSP turnover through interference with CD91/CRT-mediated internalization. Integrin-associated protein (IAP/CD47) is essential for TSP turnover and adhesion through interaction with the C-terminal domain of TSP-1 in response to triggering signals delivered at the NH2-terminal. These results indicate that endogenous TSP-1 connects separate cell-surface receptors functionally and regulates T-cell adhesion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shu Shun Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology, Karolinska Institute at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
100
|
Isenberg JS, Ridnour LA, Dimitry J, Frazier WA, Wink DA, Roberts DD. CD47 is necessary for inhibition of nitric oxide-stimulated vascular cell responses by thrombospondin-1. J Biol Chem 2006; 281:26069-80. [PMID: 16835222 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m605040200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
CD36 is necessary for inhibition of some angiogenic responses by the matricellular glycoprotein thrombospondin-1 and is therefore assumed to be the receptor that mediates its anti-angiogenic activities. Although ligation of CD36 by antibodies, recombinant type 1 repeats of thrombospondin-1, or CD36-binding peptides was sufficient to inhibit nitric oxide (NO)-stimulated responses in both endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells, picomolar concentrations of native thrombospondin-1 similarly inhibited NO signaling in vascular cells from wild-type and CD36-null mice. Ligation of the thrombospondin-1 receptor CD47 by recombinant C-terminal regions of thrombospondin-1, thrombospondin-1 peptides, or CD47 antibodies was also sufficient to inhibit NO-stimulated phenotypic responses and cGMP signaling in vascular cells. Thrombospondin-1 did not inhibit NO signaling in CD47-null vascular cells or NO-stimulated vascular outgrowth from CD47-null muscle explants in three-dimensional cultures. Furthermore, the CD36-binding domain of thrombospondin-1 and anti-angiogenic peptides derived from this domain failed to inhibit NO signaling in CD47-null cells. Therefore, ligation of either CD36 or CD47 is sufficient to inhibit NO-stimulated vascular cell responses and cGMP signaling, but only CD47 is necessary for this activity of thrombospondin-1 at physiological concentrations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeff S Isenberg
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|