51
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Sharma HS, Sahib S, Tian ZR, Muresanu DF, Nozari A, Castellani RJ, Lafuente JV, Wiklund L, Sharma A. Protein kinase inhibitors in traumatic brain injury and repair: New roles of nanomedicine. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2020; 258:233-283. [PMID: 33223036 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2020.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) causes physical injury to the cell membranes of neurons, glial and axons causing the release of several neurochemicals including glutamate and cytokines altering cell-signaling pathways. Upregulation of mitogen associated protein kinase (MAPK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) occurs that is largely responsible for cell death. The pharmacological blockade of these pathways results in cell survival. In this review role of several protein kinase inhibitors on TBI induced oxidative stress, blood-brain barrier breakdown, brain edema formation, and resulting brain pathology is discussed in the light of current literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hari Shanker Sharma
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Seaab Sahib
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Z Ryan Tian
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Dafin F Muresanu
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Medicine & Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; "RoNeuro" Institute for Neurological Research and Diagnostic, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ala Nozari
- Anesthesiology & Intensive Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Rudy J Castellani
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - José Vicente Lafuente
- LaNCE, Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Lars Wiklund
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Aruna Sharma
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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52
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Zhuang Q, Cai H, Cao Q, Li Z, Liu S, Ming Y. Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells: The Pearl of Immunotherapy in Organ Transplantation. Front Immunol 2020; 11:552988. [PMID: 33123131 PMCID: PMC7573100 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.552988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Over a half century, organ transplantation has become an effective method for the treatment of end-stage visceral diseases. Although the application of immunosuppressants (IS) minimizes the rate of allograft rejection, the common use of IS bring many adverse effects to transplant patients. Moreover, true transplant tolerance is very rare in clinical practice. Dendritic cells (DCs) are thought to be the most potent antigen-presenting cells, which makes a bridge between innate and adaptive immunity. Among their subsets, a small portion of DCs with immunoregulatory function was known as tolerogenic DC (Tol-DC). Previous reports demonstrated the ability of adoptively transferred Tol-DC to approach transplant tolerance in animal models. In this study, we summarized the properties, ex vivo generation, metabolism, and clinical attempts of Tol-DC. Tol-DC is expected to become a substitute for IS to enable patients to achieve immune tolerance in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Zhuang
- Transplantation Center of the 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Research Center of National Health Ministry on Transplantation Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Haozheng Cai
- Transplantation Center of the 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qingtai Cao
- Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Zixin Li
- Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Shu Liu
- Transplantation Center of the 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Research Center of National Health Ministry on Transplantation Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Yingzi Ming
- Transplantation Center of the 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Research Center of National Health Ministry on Transplantation Medicine, Changsha, China
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53
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Na N, Zhao D, Zhang J, Wu J, Miao B, Li H, Luo Y, Tang Z, Zhang W, Bellanti JA, Zheng SG. Carbamylated erythropoietin regulates immune responses and promotes long-term kidney allograft survival through activation of PI3K/AKT signaling. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:194. [PMID: 32934199 PMCID: PMC7493938 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00232-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Modulation of alloimmune responses is critical to improving transplant outcome and promoting long-term graft survival. To determine mechanisms by which a nonhematopoietic erythropoietin (EPO) derivative, carbamylated EPO (CEPO), regulates innate and adaptive immune cells and affects renal allograft survival, we utilized a rat model of fully MHC-mismatched kidney transplantation. CEPO administration markedly extended the survival time of kidney allografts compared with the transplant alone control group. This therapeutic effect was inhibited when the recipients were given LY294002, a selective inhibitor of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathway or anti-EPO receptor (EPOR) antibody, in addition to CEPO. In vitro, CEPO inhibited the differentiation and function of dendritic cells and modulated their production of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, along with activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and increasing EPOR mRNA and protein expression by these innate immune cells. Moreover, after CD4+ T cells were exposed to CEPO the Th1/Th2 ratio decreased and the regulatory T cell (Treg)/Th17 ratio increased. These effects were abolished by LY294002 or anti-EPOR antibody, suggesting that CEPO regulates immune responses and promotes kidney allograft survival by activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in an EPOR-dependent manner. The immunomodulatory and specific signaling pathway effects of CEPO identified in this study suggest a potential therapeutic approach to promoting kidney transplant survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Na
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Daqiang Zhao
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinhua Zhang
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiaqing Wu
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Bin Miao
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Heng Li
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Yingxun Luo
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Zuofu Tang
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Wensheng Zhang
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, 15261, PA, USA. .,Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, 15261, PA, USA. .,United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, Houston, 78234, TX, USA.
| | - Joseph A Bellanti
- Department of Pediatrics and Microbiology-Immunology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Song Guo Zheng
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, 43210, OH, USA.
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54
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Han Y, Ouyang K, Li J, Liu X, An Q, Zhao M, Chen S, Li X, Ye X, Zhao Z, Cai L, Wang W. Sulfated modification, characterization, immunomodulatory activities and mechanism of the polysaccharides from Cyclocarya paliurus on dendritic cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 159:108-116. [PMID: 32407946 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.04.265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a crude and purified polysaccharide from Cyclocarya paliurus (CPP, CPP0.05) were performed with chlorosulfonic acid-pyridine (CSA-Pyr) method to obtain sulfated derivatives (S-CPP, S-CPP0.05). After comparatively investigating, characterization results showed that the modifications were successful. Polysaccharides were used to culture mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BM-DCs) to evaluate their immunomodulatory activity and explore mechanism. The functional activity of CPP was significantly stronger than that of the purified polysaccharide CPP0.05. Meanwhile, S-CPP showed stronger immunomodulatory activity than CPP through determination of cytokine expression levels. We found that p-JNK, p-p38MAPK and NF-κB p65 proteins were significantly increased by stimulus of CPP and S-CPP, blocking TLR2/4 could significantly decreased proteins above which proved that immune regulation effect of CPP and S-CPP on DCs was performed via MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways by triggering TLR2/4. S-CPP could serve as potential immunomodulatory agents used as complementary medicine or functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Han
- Key Lab for Agro-product Processing and Quality Control of Nanchang City, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Kehui Ouyang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Jingen Li
- Key Lab for Agro-product Processing and Quality Control of Nanchang City, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Key Lab for Agro-product Processing and Quality Control of Nanchang City, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Qi An
- Key Lab for Agro-product Processing and Quality Control of Nanchang City, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Meng Zhao
- Key Lab for Agro-product Processing and Quality Control of Nanchang City, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Si Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Key Lab for Agro-product Processing and Quality Control of Nanchang City, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Ximei Ye
- Key Lab for Agro-product Processing and Quality Control of Nanchang City, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Zitong Zhao
- Key Lab for Agro-product Processing and Quality Control of Nanchang City, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Lei Cai
- Key Lab for Agro-product Processing and Quality Control of Nanchang City, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Wenjun Wang
- Key Lab for Agro-product Processing and Quality Control of Nanchang City, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China.
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55
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Han Y, Ouyang K, Li J, Liu X, An Q, Zhao M, Chen S, Li X, Ye X, Zhao Z, Cai L, Wang W. Sulfated modification, characterization, immunomodulatory activities and mechanism of the polysaccharides from Cyclocarya paliurus on dendritic cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2020. [DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.04.265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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56
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Sears JD, Waldron KJ, Wei J, Chang CH. Targeting metabolism to reverse T-cell exhaustion in chronic viral infections. Immunology 2020; 162:135-144. [PMID: 32681647 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
CD8 T-cells are an essential component of the adaptive immune response accountable for the clearance of virus-infected cells via cytotoxic effector functions. Maintaining a specific metabolic profile is necessary for these T-cells to sustain their effector functions and clear pathogens. When CD8 T-cells are activated via T-cell receptor recognition of viral antigen, they transition from a naïve to an effector state and eventually to a memory phenotype, and their metabolic profiles shift as the cells differentiate to accomidate different metabolic demands. However, in the context of particular chronic viral infections (CVIs), CD8 T-cells can become metabolically dysfunctional in a state known as T-cell exhaustion. In this state, CD8 T-cells exhibit reduced effector functions and are unable to properly control pathogens. Clearing these chronic infections becomes progressively difficult as increasing numbers of the effector T-cells become exhausted. Hence, reversal of this dysfunctional metabolic phenotype is vital when considering potential treatments of these infections and offers the opportunity for novel strategies for the development of therapies against CVIs. In this review we explore research implicating alteration of the metabolic state as a means to reverse CD8 T-cell exhaustion in CVIs. These findings indicate that strategies targeting dysfunctional CD8 T-cell metabolism could prove to be a promising option for successfully treating CVIs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jian Wei
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA
| | - Chih-Hao Chang
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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57
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Suman SS, Kumar A, Singh AK, Amit A, Topno RK, Pandey K, Das VNR, Das P, Ali V, Bimal S. Dendritic cell engineered cTXN as new vaccine prospect against L. donovani. Cytokine 2020; 145:155208. [PMID: 32736961 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs), as antigen-presenting cells, can reportedly be infected withLeishmaniaparasites and hence provide a better option to trigger T-cell primary immune responses and immunological memory. We consistently primed DCs during culture with purified recombinant cytosolic tryparedoxin (rcTXN) and then evaluated the vaccine prospect of presentation of rcTXN against VL in BALB/c mice. We reported earlier the immunogenic properties of cTXN antigen derived fromL. donovani when anti-cTXN antibody was detected in the sera of kala-azar patients. It was observed that cTXN antigen, when used as an immunogen with murine DCs acting as a vehicle, was able to induce complete protection against VL in an infected group of immunized mice. This vaccination triggered splenic macrophages to produce more IL-12 and GM-CSF, and restricted IL-10 release to a minimum in an immunized group of infected animals. Concomitant changes in T-cell responses against cTXN antigen were also noticed, which increased the release of protective cytokine-like IFN-γ under the influence of NF-κβ in the indicated vaccinated group of animals. All cTXN-DCs-vaccinated BALB/c mice survived during the experimental period of 120 days. The results obtained in our study suggest that DCs primed with cTXN can be used as a vaccine prospect for the control of visceral leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashi S Suman
- Department of Immunology, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna 800007, India
| | - Akhilesh Kumar
- Department of Immunology, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna 800007, India
| | - Ashish K Singh
- Department of Immunology, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna 800007, India
| | - Ajay Amit
- Department of Forensic Science, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur (C.G.) 495009, India
| | - R K Topno
- Department of Epidemiology, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna 800007, India
| | - K Pandey
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna 800007, India
| | - V N R Das
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna 800007, India
| | - P Das
- Department of Molecular Biology, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna 800007, India
| | - Vahab Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna 800007, India
| | - Sanjiva Bimal
- Department of Immunology, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna 800007, India.
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58
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Lumngwena EN, Metenou S, Masson L, Cicala C, Arthos J, Woodman Z. HIV-1 subtype C transmitted founders modulate dendritic cell inflammatory responses. Retrovirology 2020; 17:17. [PMID: 32615983 PMCID: PMC7331269 DOI: 10.1186/s12977-020-00526-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heterosexual transmission remains the main route of HIV-1 transmission and female genital tract (FGT) inflammation increases the risk of infection. However, the mechanism(s) by which inflammation facilitates infection is not fully understood. In rhesus macaques challenged with simian immunodeficiency virus, dendritic cell (DC) mediated recruitment of CD4+ T cells to the FGT was critical for infection. The aim of this study was to delineate the mechanisms underlying DC-mediated HIV infection by comparing chemokine and pro-inflammatory cytokine production in response to transmitted founder (TF) and chronic infection (CI) Envelope (Env) pseudotyped viruses (PSV). RESULTS Monocyte-derived DCs (MDDCs) were stimulated with PSV and recombinant gp140 representing matched TF and CI pairs of four individuals and cytokine secretion measured by multiplex immuno-assay. We found that 4/9 Env induced robust MDDC inflammatory responses and of those, three were cloned from TFs. Overall, TF Env induced MDDCs from healthy donors to secrete higher concentrations of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines than those from CI, suggesting TF Env were better inducers of inflammation. Assessing the signalling pathway associated with inflammatory cytokines, we found that PSV of matched TF and CI variants and a gp140 clone activated ERK and JNK to similar levels. Recombinant soluble DC-SIGN inhibited cytokine release and activation of ERK by PSV, suggesting that Env-DC-SIGN binding was partly involved in MDDC stimulation. Therefore, Env clones might differentially stimulate MDDC immune responses via alternative, yet unidentified signalling pathways. CONCLUSION Overall, this could suggest that the genetics of the virus itself influences inflammatory responses during HIV infection. In the absence of pre-existing infections, induction of greater inflammatory response by TFs might favour virus survival within the healthy FGT by driving an influx of target cells to sites of infection while suppressing immune responses via IL-10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Ngwa Lumngwena
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa. .,Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa. .,Centre for the Study of Emerging and Re-emerging Infections (CREMER) and Virology Laboratory, Institute for Medical Research and Medicinal Plant Studies (IMPM), Ministry of Scientific Research and Innovation (MINRESI), Yaounde, Cameroon.
| | - Simon Metenou
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lindi Masson
- Disease Elimination Program, Life Sciences Discipline, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Claudia Cicala
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - James Arthos
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Zenda Woodman
- Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences (IBMS), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
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Sunthamala N, Sankla N, Chuerduangphui J, Swangphon P, Boontun W, Ngaochaiyaphum S, Wongjampa W, Ekalaksananan T, Pientong C. Enhancement of specific T-lymphocyte responses by monocyte-derived dendritic cells pulsed with E2 protein of human papillomavirus 16 and human p16INK4A. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9213. [PMID: 32509466 PMCID: PMC7245333 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Prophylactic vaccines are already available for prevention of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. However, we still await development of therapeutic vaccines with high efficiency for stimulating specific T lymphocytes to clear HPV infection. Objective This study investigates the potential for subunits of human p16INK4a protein and E2 protein of HPV16 to stimulate dendritic cells and enhance the specific response of T lymphocytes against HPV-infected cells. Methodology Immunogenic epitopes of HPV16 E2 and p16INK4a proteins were predicted through the common HLA class I and II alleles present in the Thai population. Then, monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MDCs) were pulsed with HPV16 E2 and/or p16INK4a protein s and their maturity assessed. MDCs pulsed with either or both of these proteins at optimal concentrations were used for activation of autologous T lymphocytes and IFN-γ production was measured for specific response function. Results HPV16 E2 and p16INK4a proteins contain various immunogenic epitopes which can be presented by antigen-presenting cells via both HLA class I and II molecules. The stimulation of MDCs with either HPV16 E2 or p16INK4a proteins increased percentages and mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of CD83+ MDCs in a dose-dependent manner. An optimum concentration of 250 ng/mL and 150 ng/mL of HPV16 E2 and p16INK4a proteins, respectively, stimulated MDCs via the MAPK pathway (confirmed by use of MAPK inhibitors). T lymphocytes could be activated by MDCs pulsed with these proteins, leading to high percentages of both CD4+ IFN-γ+ T lymphocytes and CD8+ IFN-γ+ T lymphocytes. The production of IFN-γ was higher in co-cultures containing MDCs pulsed with HPV16 E2 protein than those pulsed with p16INK4a. Interestingly, MDCs pulsed with a combination of HPV16 E2 and p16INK4a significantly increased IFN-γ production of T lymphocytes. The IFN-γ production was inhibited by both HLA class I and II blockade, particularly in co-cultures with MDCs pulsed with a combination of HPV16 E2 and p16INK4a. Conclusions This suggests that MDCs pulsed with both proteins enhances specific response of both CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes. This study might provide a strategy for further in vivo study of stimulation of T lymphocytes for therapy of HPV-associated cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuchsupha Sunthamala
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham, Thailand.,HPV&EBV and Carcinogenesis Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Neeranuch Sankla
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham, Thailand
| | - Jureeporn Chuerduangphui
- HPV&EBV and Carcinogenesis Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Piyawut Swangphon
- HPV&EBV and Carcinogenesis Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Faculty of Medical Technology, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkla, Thailand
| | - Wanchareeporn Boontun
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham, Thailand
| | | | - Weerayut Wongjampa
- HPV&EBV and Carcinogenesis Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Tipaya Ekalaksananan
- HPV&EBV and Carcinogenesis Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Chamsai Pientong
- HPV&EBV and Carcinogenesis Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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TonEBP in dendritic cells mediates pro-inflammatory maturation and Th1/Th17 responses. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:421. [PMID: 32499518 PMCID: PMC7272407 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2632-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are potent antigen-presenting cells that link the innate and adaptive immune responses; as such they play pivotal roles in initiation and progression of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Here, we report that the tonicity-responsive enhancer-binding protein (TonEBP or NFAT5), a Rel family protein involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disease and inflammation, is required for maturation and function of DCs. Myeloid cell-specific TonEBP deletion reduces disease severity in a murine model of collagen-induced arthritis; it also inhibits maturation of DCs and differentiation of pathogenic Th1 and Th17 cells in vivo. Upon stimulation by TLR4, TonEBP promotes surface expression of major histocompatibility complex class II and co-stimulatory molecules via p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. This is followed by DC-mediated differentiation of pro-inflammatory Th1 and Th17 cells. Taken together, these findings provide mechanistic basis for the pathogenic role of TonEBP in RA and possibly other autoimmune diseases.
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61
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Bi CS, Li X, Qu HL, Sun LJ, An Y, Hong YL, Tian BM, Chen FM. Calcitriol inhibits osteoclastogenesis in an inflammatory environment by changing the proportion and function of T helper cell subsets (Th2/Th17). Cell Prolif 2020; 53:e12827. [PMID: 32406154 PMCID: PMC7309596 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Previously, we found that by regulating T helper (Th) cell polarization, calcitriol intervention inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced alveolar bone loss in an animal periodontitis model, but the underlying cellular events remain unknown. Materials and methods In this study, mouse Th cells were incubated in an inflammatory environment in the presence of dendritic cells (DCs) and LPS. Then, the potential of the Th cells to undergo Th2/Th17 polarization, the RANKL expression of the polarized Th cells and the subsequent influences of the polarized Th cells on RAW264.7 cell osteoclastogenesis in response to calcitriol administration were assessed. Finally, the effects of calcitriol on antigen presentation by DCs during these cellular events were evaluated. Results In response to calcitriol administration, Th cells in an inflammatory environment exhibited an enhanced potential for Th2 polarization along with a decreased potential for Th17 polarization. In addition, RANKL expression in Th17‐polarized cells was largely inhibited. Furthermore, inflammation‐induced osteoclastogenesis in RAW264.7 cells was suppressed following coculture with calcitriol‐treated Th cells. During these cellular events, increased expression of Th2 promoters (such as OX‐40L and CCL17) and decreased expression of Th17 promoters (such as IL‐23 and IL‐6) were found in DCs. Conclusions Calcitriol can inhibit osteoclastogenesis in an inflammatory environment by changing the proportion and function of Th cell subsets. Our findings suggest that calcitriol may be an effective therapeutic agent for treating periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Sheng Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Periodontics, Stomatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hong-Lei Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Li-Juan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ying An
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yong-Long Hong
- Stomatology Center, Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bei-Min Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fa-Ming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Gesser B, Rasmussen MK, Iversen L. Dimethyl Fumarate Targets MSK1, RSK1, 2 and IKKα/β Kinases and Regulates NF-κB /p65 Activation in Psoriasis: A Demonstration of the Effect on Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells, Drawn from Two Patients with Severe Psoriasis Before and After Treatment with Dimethyl Fumarate. PSORIASIS-TARGETS AND THERAPY 2020; 10:1-11. [PMID: 32309199 PMCID: PMC7138529 DOI: 10.2147/ptt.s234151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Background Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) has an inhibitory effect on the production of pro-inflammatory proteins from different cells which participate in the immune reaction in psoriatic skin. Most recently it was shown that DMF is an allosteric covalent inhibitor of the p90 ribosomal S6 kinases (RSK1, 2), determined by X-ray crystallography. DMF binds to a specific cysteine residue in RSK2 and in the closely related mitogen and stress-activated kinases 1 (MSK1) which inhibits further downstream activation. Objectives The aim of this study was to review the literature on the effects of DMF on activation of MSK1, RSK1, 2 kinases, and downstream transcription factors NF-κB/p65 and IκBα in cells contributing to the pathogenesis of psoriasis. We also hypothesized and studied if treatment with DMF would inhibit the activation of MSK1, RSK1, 2 kinases in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in psoriatic patients. Methods PBMCs were purified from patients with severe psoriasis before and after 90 days of treatment with DMF. Cells were stimulated with anisomycin, IL-1β or EGF for 10 and 20 minutes. The levels of phosphorylation of MSK1, RSK1, 2 or NF-κB/p65, IκBα were analyzed by Western blotting. Results Our case study showed that treatment with DMF inhibited the activation of MSK1 and RSK1, 2 kinases in PBMCs in patients. This supports that DMF is the active metabolite in vivo in psoriatic patients during DMF treatment. Conclusion Pro-inflammatory proteins are induced through activation of MSK1 and NF-κB/p65 at (S276). The extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK1/2) control cell survival by activating both MSK1 and RSK1, 2 kinases. P-RSK1, 2 activates P-κBα and NF-κB/p65 at (S536). The phosphorylation of NF-κB/p65 at (S276) and (S536) controls different T cell and dendritic cell functions. DMF´s inhibitory effect on MSK1 and RSK1, 2 kinase activations reduces multiple immune reactions in psoriatic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borbala Gesser
- Department of Dermatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mads K Rasmussen
- Department of Dermatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lars Iversen
- Department of Dermatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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63
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Baldin AV, Savvateeva LV, Bazhin AV, Zamyatnin AA. Dendritic Cells in Anticancer Vaccination: Rationale for Ex Vivo Loading or In Vivo Targeting. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12030590. [PMID: 32150821 PMCID: PMC7139354 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12030590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) have shown great potential as a component or target in the landscape of cancer immunotherapy. Different in vivo and ex vivo strategies of DC vaccine generation with different outcomes have been proposed. Numerous clinical trials have demonstrated their efficacy and safety in cancer patients. However, there is no consensus regarding which DC-based vaccine generation method is preferable. A problem of result comparison between trials in which different DC-loading or -targeting approaches have been applied remains. The employment of different DC generation and maturation methods, antigens and administration routes from trial to trial also limits the objective comparison of DC vaccines. In the present review, we discuss different methods of DC vaccine generation. We conclude that standardized trial designs, treatment settings and outcome assessment criteria will help to determine which DC vaccine generation approach should be applied in certain cancer cases. This will result in a reduction in alternatives in the selection of preferable DC-based vaccine tactics in patient. Moreover, it has become clear that the application of a DC vaccine alone is not sufficient and combination immunotherapy with recent advances, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors, should be employed to achieve a better clinical response and outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey V. Baldin
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.B.); (L.V.S.)
| | - Lyudmila V. Savvateeva
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.B.); (L.V.S.)
| | - Alexandr V. Bazhin
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany;
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Andrey A. Zamyatnin
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.B.); (L.V.S.)
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Department of Cell Signaling, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +74-956-229-843
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64
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Yang L, Han X, Yuan J, Xing F, Hu Z, Huang F, Wu H, Shi H, Zhang T, Wu X. Early astragaloside IV administration attenuates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice by suppressing the maturation and function of dendritic cells. Life Sci 2020; 249:117448. [PMID: 32087232 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Dendritic cells (DCs) actively participate in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS), an autoimmune disease. Astragaloside IV (ASI), an active monomer isolated from the Chinese medicine Astragalus membranaceus, has a wide range of pharmacological effects. We aimed to elucidate the effects of ASI on the development of DCs in the early stage of MS/EAE. MAIN METHODS The mice were administered with ASI (20 mg/kg) daily 3 days in advance of EAE induction and continuously until day 7 post-immunization. The effect of ASI on CD11c+ DC cells from bone marrow (BMDCs) or the spleen of EAE mice at day 7 post-immunization were investigated respectively by flow cytometry, ELISA, western blot, real-time PCR and immunofluorescence. KEY FINDINGS ASI administration in the early stage of EAE was demonstrated to delay the onset and alleviate the severity of the disease. ASI inhibited the maturation and the antigen presentation of DCs in spleen of EAE mice and LPS-stimulated BMDCs, as evidenced by decreased expressions of CD11c, CD86, CD40 and MHC II. Accordingly, DCs treated by ASI secreted less IL-6 and IL-12, and prevented the differentiation of CD4+ T cells into Th1 and Th17 cells, which was probably through inhibiting the activation of NFκB and MAPKs signaling pathways. SIGNIFICANCE Our results implicated the alleviative effect of early ASI administration on EAE might be mediated by suppressing the maturation and function of DCs. The novel findings may add to our knowledge of ASI in the potentially clinical treatment of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xinyan Han
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jinfeng Yuan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Faping Xing
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhixing Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Fei Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hui Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hailian Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Classical Prescription Experimental Platform, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Xiaojun Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Gupta P, Johns SC, Kim SY, El Ghazal R, Zuniga EI, Fuster MM. Functional Cellular Anti-Tumor Mechanisms are Augmented by Genetic Proteoglycan Targeting. Neoplasia 2020; 22:86-97. [PMID: 31896526 PMCID: PMC6940629 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2019.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
While recent research points to the importance of glycans in cancer immunity, knowledge on functional mechanisms is lacking. In lung carcinoma among other tumors, anti-tumor immunity is suppressed; and while some recent therapies boost T-cell mediated immunity by targeting immune-checkpoint pathways, robust responses are uncommon. Augmenting tumor antigen-specific immune responses by endogenous dendritic cells (DCs) is appealing from a specificity standpoint, but challenging. Here, we show that restricting a heparan sulfate (HS) loss-of-function mutation in the HS sulfating enzyme Ndst1 to predominantly conventional DCs (Ndst1f/f CD11cCre+ mutation) results in marked inhibition of Lewis lung carcinoma growth along with increased tumor-associated CD8+ T cells. In mice deficient in a major DC HS proteoglycan (syndecan-4), splenic CD8+ T cells showed increased anti-tumor cytotoxic responses relative to controls. Studies examining Ndst1f/f CD11cCre + mutants revealed that mutation was associated with an increase in anti-tumor cytolysis using either splenic CD8+ T cells or tumor-infiltrating (TIL) CD8+ T cells purified ex-vivo, and tested in pooled effector-to-target cytolytic assays against tumor cells from respective animals. On glycan compositional analysis, HS purified from Ndst1f/f CD11cCre + mutant DCs had reduced overall sulfation, including reduced sulfation of a tri-sulfated disaccharide species that was intriguingly abundant on wildtype DC HS. Interestingly, antigen presentation in the context of major histocompatibility complex class-I (MHC-I) was enhanced in mutant DCs, with more striking effects in the setting of HS under-sulfation, pointing to a likely regulatory role by sulfated glycans at the antigen/MHC-I - T-cell interface; and possibly future opportunities to improve antigen-specific T cell responses by immunologic targeting of HS proteoglycans in cancer.
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Key Words
- bmdcs, bone marrow dendritic cells
- cd11c, cd11c locus
- dc, dendritic cell
- hs, heparan sulfate
- hspg, heparan sulfate proteoglycan
- llc, lewis lung carcinoma
- lps, lipopolysaccharide
- lysm, m lysozyme locus
- mhc, major histocompatibility complex
- ndst, n-deacetylase/n-sulfotransferase
- ova, ovalbumin
- sdc, syndecan
- siinfekl, ova peptide sequence for ova257 ova264
- tcr, t cell receptor
- til, tumor infiltrating lymphocyte
- treg, regulatory t cell
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Affiliation(s)
- Purva Gupta
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, Medical and Research Sections, La Jolla, CA 92161, United States; Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
| | - Scott C Johns
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, Medical and Research Sections, La Jolla, CA 92161, United States; Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
| | - So Young Kim
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, Medical and Research Sections, La Jolla, CA 92161, United States; Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
| | - Roland El Ghazal
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
| | | | - Mark M Fuster
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, Medical and Research Sections, La Jolla, CA 92161, United States; Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States; Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States.
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Zhou Y, Leng X, Luo X, Mo C, Zou Q, Liu Y, Wang Y. Regulatory Dendritic Cells Induced by K313 Display Anti-Inflammatory Properties and Ameliorate Experimental Autoimmune Encephalitis in Mice. Front Pharmacol 2020; 10:1579. [PMID: 32063843 PMCID: PMC6997778 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
As a GSK-3β inhibitor reported by our group, K313 is a novel benzoxazole derivative and displays anti-inflammatory properties in RAW264.7 macrophages without cytotoxicity. The activity of GSK-3β affects the differentiation and maturation of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (DCs). This study aims to investigate whether K313 can be used to induce regulatory/tolerogenic dendritic cells (DCregs), and the therapeutic effects of DCregs induced by K313 in the autoimmune model of experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE). The results show that compared with LPS stimulated mature DCs, K313-treated bone marrow-derived DCs display obvious tolerogenic characteristics with decreased expression of co-stimulatory molecules, downregulated secretions of pro-inflammatory cytokines and unregulated secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. The above characteristics conform to the typical phenotypes of DCregs. Moreover, K313-modified DCregs inhibit antigen-specific T cell responses in vitro. Furthermore, by adoptive transfer, K313 modified DCregs to the EAE mice, and the development of disease was ameliorated to some extent. In addition, treatment with K313-modified DCregs also significantly reduced the percentages of splenetic Th1 and Th17 cells and increased the percentage of regulatory T cells in EAE mice. In conclusion, K313-modified DCregs show anti-inflammatory properties in vitro and have a significant positive effect on the EAE disease in vivo. Our data indicate that K313-induced DCregs pulsed with auto-antigen might have potential use as a therapeutic approach for autoimmune inflammation of the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhou
- Department of Emergency, West China Second University Hospital and Key Laboratory of Obstetric and Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao Leng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Xingyan Luo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunfen Mo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiang Zou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Yantang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
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Nouri M, Massah S, Caradec J, Lubik AA, Li N, Truong S, Lee AR, Fazli L, Ramnarine VR, Lovnicki JM, Moore J, Wang M, Foo J, Gleave ME, Hollier BG, Nelson C, Collins C, Dong X, Buttyan R. Transient Sox9 Expression Facilitates Resistance to Androgen-Targeted Therapy in Prostate Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 26:1678-1689. [PMID: 31919137 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-0098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Patients with metastatic prostate cancer are increasingly presenting with treatment-resistant, androgen receptor-negative/low (AR-/Low) tumors, with or without neuroendocrine characteristics, in processes attributed to tumor cell plasticity. This plasticity has been modeled by Rb1/p53 knockdown/knockout and is accompanied by overexpression of the pluripotency factor, Sox2. Here, we explore the role of the developmental transcription factor Sox9 in the process of prostate cancer therapy response and tumor progression. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Unique prostate cancer cell models that capture AR-/Low stem cell-like intermediates were analyzed for features of plasticity and the functional role of Sox9. Human prostate cancer xenografts and tissue microarrays were evaluated for temporal alterations in Sox9 expression. The role of NF-κB pathway activity in Sox9 overexpression was explored. RESULTS Prostate cancer stem cell-like intermediates have reduced Rb1 and p53 protein expression and overexpress Sox2 as well as Sox9. Sox9 was required for spheroid growth, and overexpression increased invasiveness and neural features of prostate cancer cells. Sox9 was transiently upregulated in castration-induced progression of prostate cancer xenografts and was specifically overexpressed in neoadjuvant hormone therapy (NHT)-treated patient tumors. High Sox9 expression in NHT-treated patients predicts biochemical recurrence. Finally, we link Sox9 induction to NF-κB dimer activation in prostate cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS Developmentally reprogrammed prostate cancer cell models recapitulate features of clinically advanced prostate tumors, including downregulated Rb1/p53 and overexpression of Sox2 with Sox9. Sox9 is a marker of a transitional state that identifies prostate cancer cells under the stress of therapeutic assault and facilitates progression to therapy resistance. Its expression may index the relative activity of the NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mannan Nouri
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. .,Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Shabnam Massah
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Josselin Caradec
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Amy A Lubik
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Na Li
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sarah Truong
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ahn R Lee
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ladan Fazli
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Varune R Ramnarine
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jessica M Lovnicki
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jackson Moore
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mike Wang
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jane Foo
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Martin E Gleave
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Brett G Hollier
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Colleen Nelson
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Colin Collins
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Xuesen Dong
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ralph Buttyan
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. .,Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Particles from the Echinococcus granulosus Laminated Layer Inhibit CD40 Upregulation in Dendritic Cells by Interfering with Akt Activation. Infect Immun 2019; 87:IAI.00641-19. [PMID: 31570562 PMCID: PMC6867849 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00641-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The larval stage of the cestode Echinococcus granulosus causes cystic echinococcosis in humans and livestock. This larva is protected by the millimeter-thick, mucin-based laminated layer (LL), from which materials have to be shed to allow parasite growth. We previously reported that dendritic cells (DCs) respond to microscopic pieces of the mucin gel of the LL (pLL) with unconventional maturation phenotypes, in the absence or presence of Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists, including lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The larval stage of the cestode Echinococcus granulosus causes cystic echinococcosis in humans and livestock. This larva is protected by the millimeter-thick, mucin-based laminated layer (LL), from which materials have to be shed to allow parasite growth. We previously reported that dendritic cells (DCs) respond to microscopic pieces of the mucin gel of the LL (pLL) with unconventional maturation phenotypes, in the absence or presence of Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists, including lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We also reported that the presence of pLL inhibited the activating phosphorylation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) effector Akt induced by granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor or interleukin-4. We now show that the inhibitory effect of pLL extends to LPS as a PI3K activator, and results in diminished phosphorylation of GSK3 downstream from Akt. Functionally, the inhibition of Akt and GSK3 phosphorylation are linked to the blunted upregulation of CD40, a major feature of the unconventional maturation phenotype. Paradoxically, all aspects of unconventional maturation induced by pLL depend on PI3K class I. Additional components of the phagocytic machinery are needed, but phagocytosis of pLL particles is not required. These observations hint at a DC response mechanism related to receptor-independent mechanisms proposed for certain crystalline and synthetic polymer-based particles; this would fit the previously reported lack of detection of molecular-level motifs necessary of the effects of pLL on DCs. Finally, we report that DCs exposed to pLL are able to condition DCs not exposed to the material so that these cannot upregulate CD40 in full in response to LPS.
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69
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Lu H, Dai X, Li X, Sun Y, Gao Y, Zhang C. Gal-1 regulates dendritic cells-induced Treg/Th17 balance though NF-κB/RelB-IL-27 pathway. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2019; 7:628. [PMID: 31930029 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.11.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Background This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of galectin (Gal)-1 of regulating Treg/Th17 in pathogenesis of acute rejection after liver transplantation in rat. Methods Mononuclear cells were induced to immature dendritic cells (imDCs), which were transfected with or without NF-κB/RelB. Western Blot was performed to detect the expression of NF-κB/RelB. the expression of CD11c, CD45RB, CD80 and MHC II were detected by flow cytometry. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was employed to detect cytokines IL-27 and TGF-β. Lewis and dark agouti (DA) rats were generally anaesthetized by isoflurane inhalation to establish liver transplant models. Results We demonstrate that Gal-1 disturbs maturation of imDCs by downregulating NF-κB/RelB expression, and Gal-1 negatively controls CD4+ proliferation though IL-27 pathway. Conclusions In aggregate, Gal-1 promotes Treg differentiation in CD4+ T cells though NF-κB/RelB-IL-27 pathway. These findings suggest a new therapeutic target to mediate Treg population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Lu
- Department of Liver Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Xinzheng Dai
- Department of Liver Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Xu Li
- Department of Liver Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Liver Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Yangjuan Gao
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Chuanyong Zhang
- Department of Liver Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
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Majdoubi A, Lee JS, Balood M, Sabourin A, DeMontigny A, Kishta OA, Moulefera MA, Galbas T, Yun TJ, Talbot S, Ishido S, Cheong C, Thibodeau J. Downregulation of MHC Class II by Ubiquitination Is Required for the Migration of CD206 + Dendritic Cells to Skin-Draining Lymph Nodes. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 203:2887-2898. [PMID: 31659013 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are critical players in skin homeostasis. A subset of mannose receptor (CD206)-expressing monocyte-derived DCs was found in skin, and their migratory counterpart is present in skin-draining lymph nodes (sdLNs). Skin CD206+ DCs were shown to upregulate MHC class II (MHCII) progressively, raising the question of whether this feature affects their biology. In this study, we assessed the role of MHCII regulation in the development and migration of these cells in mouse models expressing differential MHCII levels. Using CD206 as a surrogate marker, we found that skin CD206+ DCs develop in an MHCII-independent manner. However, their migration to sdLNs was affected by overexpression rather than absence or lower expression of MHCII. Accordingly, B16 tumor growth was exacerbated in mice overexpressing MHCII in the absence of ubiquitination. Mechanistically, CD206+ DCs from these mice showed decreased IRF4 and CCR7 expression. LPS, which is known to promote monocyte-derived DC recruitment to sdLNs, partially improved these defects. However, GM-CSF delivery restored CD206+ DC migration by promoting IRF4 expression. Collectively, these data show that MHCII downregulation is crucial for IRF4-dependent migration of CD206+ DCs to sdLNs in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelilah Majdoubi
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal H3T 1J4, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jun Seong Lee
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal H3T 1J4, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mohammad Balood
- Département de Pharmacologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal H3T 1J4, Quebec, Canada
| | - Antoine Sabourin
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal H3T 1J4, Quebec, Canada
| | - Auriane DeMontigny
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal H3T 1J4, Quebec, Canada
| | - Osama A Kishta
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal H3T 1J4, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mohamed Abdelwafi Moulefera
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal H3T 1J4, Quebec, Canada
| | - Tristan Galbas
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal H3T 1J4, Quebec, Canada
| | - Tae Jin Yun
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montreal H2W 1R7, Quebec, Canada; and
| | - Sébastien Talbot
- Département de Pharmacologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal H3T 1J4, Quebec, Canada
| | - Satoshi Ishido
- Department of Microbiology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan
| | - Cheolho Cheong
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montreal H2W 1R7, Quebec, Canada; and
| | - Jacques Thibodeau
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal H3T 1J4, Quebec, Canada;
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71
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Herrero-Fernandez B, Gomez-Bris R, Somovilla-Crespo B, Gonzalez-Granado JM. Immunobiology of Atherosclerosis: A Complex Net of Interactions. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E5293. [PMID: 31653058 PMCID: PMC6862594 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality worldwide, and atherosclerosis the principal factor underlying cardiovascular events. Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by endothelial dysfunction, intimal lipid deposition, smooth muscle cell proliferation, cell apoptosis and necrosis, and local and systemic inflammation, involving key contributions to from innate and adaptive immunity. The balance between proatherogenic inflammatory and atheroprotective anti-inflammatory responses is modulated by a complex network of interactions among vascular components and immune cells, including monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, and T, B, and foam cells; these interactions modulate the further progression and stability of the atherosclerotic lesion. In this review, we take a global perspective on existing knowledge about the pathogenesis of immune responses in the atherosclerotic microenvironment and the interplay between the major innate and adaptive immune factors in atherosclerosis. Studies such as this are the basis for the development of new therapies against atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Herrero-Fernandez
- LamImSys Lab. Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain.
- Departamento de Fisiología. Facultad de Medicina. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Raquel Gomez-Bris
- LamImSys Lab. Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain.
| | | | - Jose Maria Gonzalez-Granado
- LamImSys Lab. Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain.
- Departamento de Fisiología. Facultad de Medicina. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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72
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Vivas W, Leonhardt I, Hünniger K, Häder A, Marolda A, Kurzai O. Multiple Signaling Pathways Involved in Human Dendritic Cell Maturation Are Affected by the Fungal Quorum-Sensing Molecule Farnesol. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 203:2959-2969. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Xiong A, Wang J, Mao XL, Jiang Y, Fan Y. MiR‐199a‐3p modulates the function of dendritic cells involved in transplantation tolerance by targeting CD86. HLA 2019; 94:493-503. [PMID: 31448543 DOI: 10.1111/tan.13677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Xiong
- Department of Medical Laboratory, The Central Hospital of WuhanTongJi Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology WuHan China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Medical Laboratory, The Central Hospital of WuhanTongJi Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology WuHan China
| | - Xiao Li Mao
- Department of Medical Laboratory, The Central Hospital of WuhanTongJi Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology WuHan China
| | - Yi Jiang
- Department of Medical Laboratory, The Central Hospital of WuhanTongJi Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology WuHan China
| | - Yue Fan
- Department of Medical Laboratory, The Central Hospital of WuhanTongJi Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology WuHan China
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Guo J, Muse E, Christians AJ, Swanson SJ, Davila E. An Anticancer Drug Cocktail of Three Kinase Inhibitors Improved Response to a Dendritic Cell-Based Cancer Vaccine. Cancer Immunol Res 2019; 7:1523-1534. [PMID: 31266784 PMCID: PMC6726569 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-18-0684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Monocyte-derived dendritic cell (moDC)-based cancer therapies intended to elicit antitumor T-cell responses have limited efficacy in most clinical trials. However, potent and sustained antitumor activity in a limited number of patients highlights the therapeutic potential of moDCs. In vitro culture conditions used to generate moDCs can be inconsistent, and moDCs generated in vitro are less effective than natural DCs. On the basis of our study highlighting the ability for certain kinase inhibitors to enhance tumor antigenicity, we therefore screened kinase inhibitors for their ability to improve DC immunogenicity. We identified AKT inhibitor MK2206, DNA-PK inhibitor NU7441, and MEK inhibitor trametinib as the compounds most effective at modulating moDC immunogenicity. The combination of these drugs, referred to as MKNUTRA, enhanced moDC activity over treatment with individual drugs while exhibiting minimal toxicity. An evaluation of 335 activation and T-cell-suppressive surface proteins on moDCs revealed that MKNUTRA treatment more effectively matured cells and reduced the expression of tolerogenic proteins as compared with control moDCs. MKNUTRA treatment imparted to ICT107, a glioblastoma (GBM) DC-based vaccine that has completed phase II trials, an increased ability to stimulate patient-derived autologous CD8+ T cells against the brain tumor antigens IL13Rα2(345-354) and TRP2(180-188) In vivo, treating ICT107 with MKNUTRA, prior to injection into mice with an established GBM tumor, reduced tumor growth kinetics. This response was associated with an increased frequency of tumor-reactive lymphocytes within tumors and in peripheral tissues. These studies broaden the application of targeted anticancer drugs and highlight their ability to increase moDC immunogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitao Guo
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Elena Muse
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Allison J Christians
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | | | - Eduardo Davila
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.
- Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Initiative, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
- University of Colorado Comprehensive Cancer Center, Aurora, Colorado
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Hajizadeh-Sharafabad F, Sahebkar A, Zabetian-Targhi F, Maleki V. The impact of resveratrol on toxicity and related complications of advanced glycation end products: A systematic review. Biofactors 2019; 45:651-665. [PMID: 31185146 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) promotes the generation of free radicals, which leads to chronic oxidative stress predisposing to chronic oxidative stress, inflammation, and related diseases. This systematic review aimed to determine the effect of resveratrol (RSV) on AGE-induced toxicity and its deleterious consequences. A comprehensive search was performed through literature were published until December 2018 using relevant keywords. The databases that were used for the search were PubMed, Scopus, Embase, ProQuest, and Google Scholar. A total of 29 eligible studies were found and included in the review for the analysis. Except one, all studies showed suppressing effects for RSV on the production of AGEs or receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and its detrimental consequences including oxidative stress, inflammatory response, cellular immune reactions, insulin response, and atherosclerosis. RSV exerts its effects through influencing RAGE, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ, and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β activities. This review suggests that RSV has got potential to decrease AGEs toxicity and inhibit the AGE-induced complications. More clinical trials are suggested to evaluate the beneficial effect of RSV on AGEs in chronic metabolic diseases.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, Neoplasm/genetics
- Antigens, Neoplasm/metabolism
- Antioxidants/pharmacology
- Atherosclerosis/drug therapy
- Atherosclerosis/genetics
- Atherosclerosis/metabolism
- Atherosclerosis/pathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/pathology
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Glycation End Products, Advanced/antagonists & inhibitors
- Glycation End Products, Advanced/genetics
- Glycation End Products, Advanced/metabolism
- Glycation End Products, Advanced/toxicity
- Humans
- Inflammation
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/genetics
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
- NF-kappa B/genetics
- NF-kappa B/metabolism
- Oxidative Stress
- PPAR gamma/genetics
- PPAR gamma/metabolism
- Pyruvaldehyde/metabolism
- Resveratrol/pharmacology
- Signal Transduction
- Transforming Growth Factor beta1/genetics
- Transforming Growth Factor beta1/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Hajizadeh-Sharafabad
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fateme Zabetian-Targhi
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Vahid Maleki
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Nutrition Research Center, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Zhang F, Zhang Y, Yang T, Ye ZQ, Tian J, Fang HR, Han JJ, Wang ZZ, Li X. Scopoletin Suppresses Activation of Dendritic Cells and Pathogenesis of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis by Inhibiting NF-κB Signaling. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:863. [PMID: 31427972 PMCID: PMC6688631 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Scopoletin, a phenolic coumarin derived from many medical or edible plants, is involved in various pharmacological functions. In the present study, we showed that Scopoletin effectively ameliorated experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS), through novel regulatory mechanisms involving inhibition of NF-κB activity in dendritic cells (DCs). Scopoletin treatment significantly improved the severity of the disease and prominently decreased inflammation and demyelination of central nervous system (CNS) in EAE mice. Disease alleviation correlated with the downregulation of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II, CD80 and CD86, expressed on DCs of CNS or spleens, and the infiltration and polarization of encephalitogenic Th1/Th17 cells. Consistent with the in vivo data, Scopoletin-treated, bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BM-DCs) exhibited reduced expression of MHC class II and costimulatory molecules (e.g., CD80 and CD86) and reduced NF-κB phosphorylation. These findings, for the first time, demonstrated the ability of Scopoletin to impair DC activation, downregulating pathogenic Th1/Th17 inflammatory cell responses and, eventually, reducing EAE severity. Our study demonstrates new evidence that natural products derived from medical or edible plants, such as Scopoletin, will be valuable in developing a novel therapeutic agent for MS in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ting Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ze-Qing Ye
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jing Tian
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hai-Rong Fang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Juan-Juan Han
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhe-Zhi Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xing Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
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Nakao T, Ono Y, Dai H, Nakano R, Perez-Gutierrez A, Camirand G, Huang H, Geller DA, Thomson AW. DNAX Activating Protein of 12 kDa/Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells 2 Expression by Mouse and Human Liver Dendritic Cells: Functional Implications and Regulation of Liver Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Hepatology 2019; 70:696-710. [PMID: 30372546 PMCID: PMC6488456 DOI: 10.1002/hep.30334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Liver interstitial dendritic cells (DCs) have been implicated in the control of ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) and host immune responses following liver transplantation. Mechanisms underlying these regulatory functions of hepatic DCs remain unclear. We have shown recently that the transmembrane immunoadaptor DNAX-activating protein of 12 kDa (DAP12) negatively regulates mouse liver DC maturation and proinflammatory and immune stimulatory functions. Here, we used PCR analysis and flow cytometry to characterize expression of DAP12 and its associated triggering receptor, triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2), by mouse and human liver DCs and other immune cells compared with DCs in other tissues. We also examined the roles of DAP12 and TREM2 and their expression by liver DCs in the regulation of liver IRI. Injury was induced in DAP12-/- , TREM2-/- , or wild-type (WT) mice by 1 hour of 70% clamping and quantified following 6 hours of reperfusion. Both DAP12 and TREM2 were coexpressed at comparatively high levels by liver DCs. Mouse liver DCs lacking DAP12 or TREM2 displayed enhanced levels of nuclear factor κB and costimulatory molecule expression. Unlike normal WT liver DCs, DAP12-/- liver DC failed to inhibit proliferative responses of activated T cells. In vivo, DAP12-/- and TREM2-/- mice exhibited enhanced IRI accompanied by augmented liver DC activation. Elevated alanine aminotransferase levels and tissue injury were markedly reduced by infusion of WT but not DAP12-/- DC. Conclusion: Our data reveal a close association between DAP12 and TREM2 expression by liver DC and suggest that, by negatively regulating liver DC stimulatory function, DAP12 promotes their control of hepatic inflammatory responses; the DAP12/TREM2 signaling complex may represent a therapeutic target for control of acute liver injury/liver inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshimasa Nakao
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yoshihiro Ono
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Helong Dai
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA,Department of Urological Organ Transplantation, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Ryosuke Nakano
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Angelica Perez-Gutierrez
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Geoffrey Camirand
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Hai Huang
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - David A. Geller
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA,Liver Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Angus W. Thomson
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA,Corresponding author: Angus W. Thomson, PhD DSc, Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 200 Lothrop Street, W1540 BST, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, Phone: (412) 624-6392, Fax: (412)-624-1172,
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Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy (CIT) has transformed cancer treatment. In particular, immunotherapies targeting the programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1)/programmed death 1 pathway have demonstrated durable clinical benefit in some patients. However, CIT combinations may create a more favorable environment in which to maximize the potential of the immune system to eliminate cancer. Here we describe 3 key mechanisms related to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-mediated immunosuppression: inhibition of dendritic cell maturation, reduction of T-cell tumor infiltration, and promotion of inhibitory cells in the tumor microenvironment; supporting data are also described. In addition, we discuss immunomodulatory properties observed within tumors following bevacizumab treatment. Combining anti-PD-L1 and anti-VEGF therapies has shown synergy and positive outcomes in phases I to III studies, particularly in settings where high VEGF levels are known to play an important role in tumor growth. We also review data from key studies supporting combination of bevacizumab and CIT, with a focus on PD-L1/programmed death 1 inhibitors.
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Kermarrec L, Eissa N, Wang H, Kapoor K, Diarra A, Gounni AS, Bernstein CN, Ghia J. Semaphorin-3E attenuates intestinal inflammation through the regulation of the communication between splenic CD11C + and CD4 + CD25 - T-cells. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:1235-1250. [PMID: 30736100 PMCID: PMC6468259 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE An alteration in the communication between the innate and adaptive immune cells is a hallmark of ulcerative colitis (UC). Semaphorin-3E (SEMA3E), a secreted guidance protein, regulates various immune responses. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We investigated the expression of SEMA3E in colonic biopsies of active UC patients and its mechanisms in Sema3e-/- mice using an experimental model of UC. KEY RESULTS SEMA3E level was decreased in active UC patients and negatively correlated with pro-inflammatory mediators. Colonic expression of SEMA3E was reduced in colitic Sema3e+/+ mice, and recombinant (rec-) Plexin-D1 treatment exacerbated disease severity. In vivo rec-SEMA3E treatment restored SEMA3E level in colitic Sema3e+/+ mice. In Sema3e-/- mice, disease severity was increased, and rec-SEMA3E ameliorated these effects. Lack of Sema3e increased the expression of CD11c and CD86 markers. Colitic Sema3e-/- splenocytes and splenic CD11c+ cells produced more IL-12/23 and IFN-γ compared to Sema3e+/+ , and rec-SEMA3E reduced their release as much as NF-κB inhibitors, whereas an NF-κB activator increased their production and attenuated the effect of rec-SEMA3E. Colitic Sema3e-/- splenic CD11c+ /CD4+ CD25- T-cell co-cultures produced higher concentrations of IFN-γ and IL-17 when compared to colitic Sema3e+/+ splenic cell co-cultures, and rec-SEMA3E decreased these effects. In vitro, anti-IL-12p19 and -12p35 antibodies and rec-IL-12 and -23 treatment confirmed the crosstalk between CD11c+ and CD4+ CD25- T-cells. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS SEMA3E is reduced in colitis and modulates colonic inflammation by regulating the interaction between CD11c+ and CD4+ CD25- T-cells via an NF-κB-dependent mechanism. Thus, SEMA3E could be a potential therapeutic target for UC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nour Eissa
- Department of ImmunologyUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegManitobaCanada
- Children Research Hospital Research Institute of ManitobaUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegManitobaCanada
- Department of Internal Medicine Section of Gastroenterology, IBD Clinical and Research CentreUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegManitobaCanada
| | - Hongxing Wang
- Department of ImmunologyUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegManitobaCanada
| | - Kunal Kapoor
- Department of ImmunologyUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegManitobaCanada
| | - Abdoulaye Diarra
- Department of ImmunologyUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegManitobaCanada
| | | | - Charles N. Bernstein
- Department of Internal Medicine Section of Gastroenterology, IBD Clinical and Research CentreUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegManitobaCanada
| | - Jean‐Eric Ghia
- Department of ImmunologyUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegManitobaCanada
- Children Research Hospital Research Institute of ManitobaUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegManitobaCanada
- Department of Internal Medicine Section of Gastroenterology, IBD Clinical and Research CentreUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegManitobaCanada
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Liu S, Hao C, Bao L, Zhao D, Zhang H, Hou J, Wang D, Chen H, Feng F, Yao W. Silica Particles Mediate Phenotypic and Functional Alteration of Dendritic Cells and Induce Th2 Cell Polarization. Front Immunol 2019; 10:787. [PMID: 31068929 PMCID: PMC6491578 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
During silicosis, immune cells, including macrophages, T cells, B cells, and NK cells, participate in fibrosis development through alteration of the immune status. Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) with a key role in initiating immune responses and sustaining immune tolerance to maintain homeostasis. The relative contribution of DCs to silicosis progression is not well-documented. In the current study, we investigated the phenotypic and functional alterations of peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC)-derived DCs of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat during immune responses to silica exposure. We established models for direct and indirect exposure of DCs to silica by either treating DCs with silica or coculturing them with alveolar macrophages (AMs) treated with silica, respectively. The functional activity of DCs was analyzed by measuring their expression of costimulatory molecules, fluorescent microparticle uptake, cytokine production, and ability to mediate T cell polarization in vitro. In vivo, we demonstrated that silica could induce DC migration in response to silica exposure. Our results show that cytokine production by DCs was increased in response to direct silica direct exposure, while indirect silica exposure led to reduced cytokine levels. Moreover, the phagocytic capacity of DCs increased in cocultures after silica exposure. Gene and protein expression analyses showed that silica exposure altered the expression levels of Toll-like receptor pathway proteins and inflammatory factors. DC surface expression of the costimulatory molecules, CD80, CD86, and major histocompatibility complex, was inhibited by exposure to silica, which mediated a Th2-polarizing response in vitro. In rats, silica exposure induced migration of DCs from the peripheral blood into the alveoli. These results demonstrate that direct and indirect exposure to silica particles alter the phenotype and function of DCs, thereby regulating immune responses. Such changes may contribute to the development of silicosis by altering DC phenotype, function, and migration and by influencing the balance between Th1 and Th2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suna Liu
- Department of Henan Newborn Screening Center, Department of Pediatrics, Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Changfu Hao
- Department of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lei Bao
- Department of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dehua Zhao
- Department of Henan Newborn Screening Center, Department of Pediatrics, Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hongyi Zhang
- Hospital Infection Management, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Jianyong Hou
- Department of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Di Wang
- Department of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huiting Chen
- Department of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Feifei Feng
- Department of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wu Yao
- Department of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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81
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Cangemi M, Montico B, Faè DA, Steffan A, Dolcetti R. Dissecting the Multiplicity of Immune Effects of Immunosuppressive Drugs to Better Predict the Risk of de novo Malignancies in Solid Organ Transplant Patients. Front Oncol 2019; 9:160. [PMID: 30972289 PMCID: PMC6445870 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
De novo malignancies constitute an emerging cause of morbidity after solid organ transplant (SOT), significantly affecting the long-term survival of transplant recipients. Pharmacologic immunosuppression may functionally impair the immunosurveillance in these patients, thereby increasing the risk of cancer development. Nevertheless, the multiplicity and heterogeneity of the immune effects induced by immunosuppressive drugs limit the current possibilities to reliably predict the risk of de novo malignancy in SOT patients. Therefore, there is the pressing need to better characterize the immune dysfunctions induced by the different immunosuppressive regimens administered to prevent allograft rejection to tailor more precisely the therapeutic schedule and decrease the risk of de novo malignancies. We herein highlight the impact exerted by different classes of immunosuppressants on the most relevant immune cells, with a particular focus on the effects on dendritic cells (DCs), the main regulators of the balance between immunosurveillance and tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Cangemi
- Immunopathology and Cancer Biomarkers, Translational Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Barbara Montico
- Immunopathology and Cancer Biomarkers, Translational Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Damiana A Faè
- Immunopathology and Cancer Biomarkers, Translational Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Agostino Steffan
- Immunopathology and Cancer Biomarkers, Translational Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Riccardo Dolcetti
- Translational Research Institute, University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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82
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Liddicoat AM, Lavelle EC. Modulation of innate immunity by cyclosporine A. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 163:472-480. [PMID: 30880061 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cyclosporine A has long been known to suppress T cell responses by inhibiting the production of IL-2, which drives T cell proliferation, enabling its use as a therapeutic for transplantation or autoimmunity. However, cyclosporine A also impacts on innate immune cells including dendritic cells, macrophages and neutrophils. In dendritic cells, which are essential for T cell priming, cyclosporine A can modulate both expression of surface molecules that engage with T cells and cytokine secretion, leading to altered induction of T cell responses. In macrophages and neutrophils, which play key antimicrobial roles, cyclosporine A reduces the production of cytokines that can play protective roles against pathogens. Some of these molecules, if produced in the context of chronic disease, can also contribute to pathology. There have been a number of elegant recent studies addressing the mechanisms by which cyclosporine A can modulate innate immunity. In particular, cyclosporine A inhibits the release of mitochondrial factors that stimulate the production of type 1 interferons by innate immune cells. This review addresses the emerging literature on modulation of innate immune responses by cyclosporine A, its resultant impact on adaptive immune responses and how this offers potential for new therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex M Liddicoat
- Adjuvant Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D02R590 Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Ed C Lavelle
- Adjuvant Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D02R590 Dublin 2, Ireland.
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83
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Oreskovic Z, Nechvatalova K, Krejci J, Kummer V, Faldyna M. Aspects of intradermal immunization with different adjuvants: The role of dendritic cells and Th1/Th2 response. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0211896. [PMID: 30742635 PMCID: PMC6370205 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Intradermal (i.d.) application of vaccine is promising way how to induce specific immune response against particular pathogens. Adjuvants, substances added into vaccination dose with the aim to increase immunogenicity, play important role in activation of dendritic cells with subsequent activation of lymphocytes. They can, however, induce unwanted local reactions. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of i.d. administration of model antigen keyhole limped hemocyanine alone or with different adjuvants-aluminium hydroxide and oil-based adjuvants-on local histopathological reaction as well as dendritic cell activation at the site of administration and local cytokine and chemokine response. This was assessed at 4 and 24 hours after application. Selection of the adjuvants was based on the fact, that they differently enhance antibody or cell-mediated immunity. The results showed activation of dendritic cells and both Th1 and Th2 response stimulated by oil-based adjuvants. It was associated with higher expression of set of genes, incl. chemokine receptor CCR7 or Th1-associated chemokine CXCL10 and cytokine IFNγ. Application of the antigen with aluminium hydroxide induced higher expression of Th2-associated IL4 or IL13. On the other hand, both complete and incomplete Freund´s adjuvants provoked strong local reaction associated with influx of neutrophils. This was accompanied with high expression of proinflammatory IL1 or neutrophil chemoattractant CXCL8. Surprisingly, similarly strong local reaction was detected also after application of aluminium hydroxide-based adjuvant. The best balanced local reaction with sufficient activation of immune cells was detected after application of oil-based adjuvants Montanide and Emulsigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zrinka Oreskovic
- Department of Immunology, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Josef Krejci
- Department of Immunology, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Kummer
- Department of Immunology, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Faldyna
- Department of Immunology, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
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84
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Phillips BE, Garciafigueroa Y, Engman C, Trucco M, Giannoukakis N. Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells and T-Regulatory Cells at the Clinical Trials Crossroad for the Treatment of Autoimmune Disease; Emphasis on Type 1 Diabetes Therapy. Front Immunol 2019; 10:148. [PMID: 30787930 PMCID: PMC6372505 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tolerogenic dendritic cells and T-regulatory cells are two immune cell populations with the potential to prevent the onset of clinical stage type 1 diabetes, and manage the beginning of underlying autoimmunity, at the time-at-onset and onwards. Initial phase I trials demonstrated that the administration of a number of these cell populations, generated ex vivo from peripheral blood leukocytes, was safe. Outcomes of some of these trials also suggested some level of autoimmunity regulation, by the increase in the numbers of regulatory cells at different points in a network of immune regulation in vivo. As these cell populations come to the cusp of pivotal phase II efficacy trials, a number of questions still need to be addressed. At least one mechanism of action needs to be verified as operational, and through this mechanism biomarkers predictive of the underlying autoimmunity need to be identified. Efficacy in the regulation of the underlying autoimmunity also need to be monitored. At the same time, the absence of a common phenotype core among the different dendritic cell and T-regulatory cell populations, that have completed phase I and early phase II trials, necessitates a better understanding of what makes these cells tolerogenic, especially if a uniform phenotypic core cannot be identified. Finally, the inter-relationship of tolerogenic dendritic cells and T-regulatory cells for survival, induction, and maintenance of a tolerogenic state that manages the underlying diabetes autoimmunity, raises the possibility to co-administer, or even to serially-administer tolerogenic dendritic cells together with T-regulatory cells as a cellular co-therapy, enabling the best possible outcome. This is currently a knowledge gap that this review aims to address.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett Eugene Phillips
- Allegheny Health Network Institute of Cellular Therapeutics, Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Yesica Garciafigueroa
- Allegheny Health Network Institute of Cellular Therapeutics, Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Carl Engman
- Allegheny Health Network Institute of Cellular Therapeutics, Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Massimo Trucco
- Allegheny Health Network Institute of Cellular Therapeutics, Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Nick Giannoukakis
- Allegheny Health Network Institute of Cellular Therapeutics, Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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85
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Alam MM, Yang D, Trivett A, Meyer TJ, Oppenheim JJ. HMGN1 and R848 Synergistically Activate Dendritic Cells Using Multiple Signaling Pathways. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2982. [PMID: 30619338 PMCID: PMC6305469 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
High mobility group nucleosome-binding protein 1 (HMGN1 or N1) is a Th1-polarizing alarmin, but alone is insufficient to induce antitumor immunity. We previously showed that combination of N1 and R848, a synthetic TLR7/8 agonist, synergistically activates dendritic cells (DCs) and induces therapeutic antitumor immunity, however, it remained unclear how N1 and R848 synergistically activate DCs. Here, we show that co-stimulation with N1 and R848 of human monocyte-derived DCs (MoDCs) markedly upregulated DC's surface expression of CD80, CD83, CD86, and HLA-DR, as well as synergistic production of pro-inflammatory cytokines including IL-12p70, IL-1β, and TNF-α. This combination also synergistically activated NF-κB and multiple MAPKs that are involved in DC maturation. Moreover, N1 and R848 synergistically increased nuclear translocation of interferon (IFN) regulatory transcription factors (e.g., IRF3 and IRF7) and promoted the expression of type 1 IFNs such as IFN-α2, IFN-α4, and IFN-β1. Similar signaling pathways were also induced in mouse bone marrow-derived DCs (BMDCs). RNA-seq analysis in human MoDCs revealed that N1 plus R848 synergistically upregulated the expression of genes predominantly involved in DC maturation pathway, particularly genes critical for the polarization of Th1 immune responses (e.g., IL12A, IL12B, and IFNB1, etc.). Overall, our findings show that (1) N1 synergizes with R848 in activating human and mouse DCs and (2) the synergistic effect based on various intracellular signaling events culminated in the activation of multiple transcriptional factors. These findings have important implications for future clinical trials since N1 and R848 synergistically promoted optimal Th1 lineage immune responses resulting in tumor rejection in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Masud Alam
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - De Yang
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Anna Trivett
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Thomas J. Meyer
- Advanced Biomedical Computational Science, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Joost J. Oppenheim
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, United States
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86
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Guindi C, Cloutier A, Gaudreau S, Zerif E, McDonald PP, Tatsiy O, Asselin C, Dupuis G, Gris D, Amrani AA. Role of the p38 MAPK/C/EBPβ Pathway in the Regulation of Phenotype and IL-10 and IL-12 Production by Tolerogenic Bone Marrow-Derived Dendritic Cells. Cells 2018; 7:cells7120256. [PMID: 30544623 PMCID: PMC6316502 DOI: 10.3390/cells7120256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) play a major role in innate and adaptive immunity and self-immune tolerance. Immunogenic versus tolerogenic DC functions are dictated by their levels of costimulatory molecules and their cytokine expression profile. The transcription factor C/EBPβ regulates the expression of several inflammatory genes in many cell types including macrophages. However, little is known regarding the role of C/EBPβ in tolerogenic versus immunogenic DCs functions. We have previously reported that bone marrow-derived DCs generated with GM-CSF (GM/DCs) acquire the signature of semi-mature tolerogenic IL-10-producing DCs as opposed to immunogenic DCs generated with GM-CSF and IL-4 (IL-4/DCs). Here, we show that tolerogenic GM/DCs exhibit higher levels of phosphorylation and enhanced DNA binding activity of C/EBPβ and CREB than immunogenic IL-4/DCs. We also show that the p38 MAPK/CREB axis and GSK3 play an important role in regulating C/EBPβ phosphorylation and DNA binding activity. Inhibition of p38 MAPK in GM/DCs resulted in a drastic decrease of C/EBPβ and CREB DNA binding activities, a reduction of their IL-10 production and an increase of their IL-12p70 production, a characteristic of immunogenic IL-4/DCs. We also present evidence that GSK3 inhibition in GM/DCs reduced C/EBPβ DNA binding activity and increased expression of costimulatory molecules in GM/DCs and their production of IL-10. Analysis of GM/DCs of C/EBPβ-/- mice showed that C/EBPβ was essential to maintain the semimature phenotype and the production of IL-10 as well as low CD4⁺ T cell proliferation. Our results highlight the importance of the p38MAPK-C/EBPβ pathway in regulating phenotype and function of tolerogenic GM/DCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal Guindi
- Immunology Division, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences and Centre de Recherche du CHUS, 3001, 12th Avenue North, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada.
| | - Alexandre Cloutier
- Immunology Division, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences and Centre de Recherche du CHUS, 3001, 12th Avenue North, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada.
| | - Simon Gaudreau
- Immunology Division, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences and Centre de Recherche du CHUS, 3001, 12th Avenue North, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada.
| | - Echarki Zerif
- Immunology Division, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences and Centre de Recherche du CHUS, 3001, 12th Avenue North, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada.
| | - Patrick P McDonald
- Immunology Division, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences and Centre de Recherche du CHUS, 3001, 12th Avenue North, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada.
| | - Olga Tatsiy
- Immunology Division, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences and Centre de Recherche du CHUS, 3001, 12th Avenue North, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada.
| | - Claude Asselin
- Immunology Division, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences and Centre de Recherche du CHUS, 3001, 12th Avenue North, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada.
| | - Gilles Dupuis
- Immunology Division, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences and Centre de Recherche du CHUS, 3001, 12th Avenue North, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada.
| | - Denis Gris
- Immunology Division, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences and Centre de Recherche du CHUS, 3001, 12th Avenue North, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada.
| | - And Abdelaziz Amrani
- Immunology Division, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences and Centre de Recherche du CHUS, 3001, 12th Avenue North, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada.
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87
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Gong Z, Kuang Z, Li H, Li C, Ali MK, Huang F, Li P, Li Q, Huang X, Ren S, Li J, Xie J. Regulation of host cell pyroptosis and cytokines production by Mycobacterium tuberculosis effector PPE60 requires LUBAC mediated NF-κB signaling. Cell Immunol 2018; 335:41-50. [PMID: 30415762 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2018.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, remains a global public health threat. The success of M. tuberculosis largely contributes to its manipulation of host cell fate. The role of M. tuberculosis PE/PPE family effectors in the host destiny was intensively explored. In this study, the role of PPE60 (Rv3478) was characterized by using Rv3478 recombinant M. smegmatis. PPE60 can promote host cell pyroptosis via caspases/NLRP3/gasdermin. The production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12p40 and TNF-α was altered by PPE60. We found that LUBAC was involved in PPE60-elicited NF-κB signaling by using Linear Ubiquitin Chain Assembly Complex (LUBAC)-specific inhibitor gliotoxin. The PPE60 recombinant M. smegmatis survival rate within macrophages is increased, as well as elevated resistance to stresses such as low pH, surface stresses and antibiotics exposure. For a first time it is firstly reported that M. tuberculosis effector PPE60 can modulate the host cell fate via LUBAC-mediated NF-κB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Gong
- Institute of Modern Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Eco-Environment and Bio-Resource of the Three Gorges Area, Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhongmei Kuang
- Institute of Modern Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Eco-Environment and Bio-Resource of the Three Gorges Area, Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hui Li
- Institute of Modern Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Eco-Environment and Bio-Resource of the Three Gorges Area, Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Institute of Chengdu Medical College, School of Laboratory Medicine, No 783 Xindu Avenue, Chengdu, Sichuan 610083, China
| | - Chunyan Li
- Institute of Modern Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Eco-Environment and Bio-Resource of the Three Gorges Area, Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Md Kaisar Ali
- Institute of Modern Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Eco-Environment and Bio-Resource of the Three Gorges Area, Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fujing Huang
- Institute of Modern Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Eco-Environment and Bio-Resource of the Three Gorges Area, Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ping Li
- Institute of Modern Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Eco-Environment and Bio-Resource of the Three Gorges Area, Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiming Li
- Institute of Modern Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Eco-Environment and Bio-Resource of the Three Gorges Area, Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xue Huang
- Institute of Modern Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Eco-Environment and Bio-Resource of the Three Gorges Area, Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Sai Ren
- Institute of Modern Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Eco-Environment and Bio-Resource of the Three Gorges Area, Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiang Li
- Institute of Modern Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Eco-Environment and Bio-Resource of the Three Gorges Area, Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianping Xie
- Institute of Modern Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Eco-Environment and Bio-Resource of the Three Gorges Area, Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
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88
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Zhang Y, Zhang G, Liu Y, Chen R, Zhao D, McAlister V, Mele T, Liu K, Zheng X. GDF15 Regulates Malat-1 Circular RNA and Inactivates NFκB Signaling Leading to Immune Tolerogenic DCs for Preventing Alloimmune Rejection in Heart Transplantation. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2407. [PMID: 30425709 PMCID: PMC6218625 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombinant human growth differentiation factor 15 (rhGDF15) affects dendritic cell (DC) maturation. However, whether GDF15 is expressed in DCs and its roles and signaling in DCs remain largely unknown. It is unclear whether GDF15-DCs can induce immune tolerance in heart transplantation (HT). This study aims to understand the impact of endogenous GDF15 on DC's development, function, underlying molecular mechanism including circular RNA (circRNA). This study will also explore GDF15-DC-mediated immune modulation in HT. Bone marrow (BM) derived DCs were cultured and treated to up- or down regulate GDF15 expression. Phenotype and function of DCs were detected. Expression of genes and circRNAs was determined by qRT-PCR. The signaling pathways activated by GDF15 were examined. The impact of GDF15 treated DCs on preventing allograft immune rejection was assessed in a MHC full mismatch mouse HT model. Our results showed that GDF15 was expressed in DCs. Knockout of GDF15 promoted DC maturation, enhanced immune responsive functions, up-regulated malat-1 circular RNA (circ_Malat 1), and activated the nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) pathway. Overexpression of GDF15 in DCs increased immunosuppressive/inhibitory molecules, enhanced DCs to induce T cell exhaustion, and promoted Treg generation through IDO signaling. GDF15 utilized transforming growth factor (TGF) β receptors I and II, not GFAL. Administration of GDF15 treated DCs prevented allograft rejection and induced immune tolerance in transplantation. In conclusion, GDF15 induces tolerogenic DCs (Tol-DCs) through inhibition of circ_Malat-1 and the NFκB signaling pathway and up-regulation of IDO. GDF15-DCs can prevent alloimmune rejection in HT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Zhang
- Departments of Cardiovascular Surgery, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Department of Pathology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Guangfeng Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanling Liu
- Department of Pathology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Renqi Chen
- Department of Pathology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Duo Zhao
- Departments of Cardiovascular Surgery, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Department of Pathology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Vivian McAlister
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Tina Mele
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Kexiang Liu
- Departments of Cardiovascular Surgery, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiufen Zheng
- Departments of Cardiovascular Surgery, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Department of Oncology, Western University, London, ON, Canada.,Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada.,London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada
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89
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Comparative transcriptomic profile of tolerogenic dendritic cells differentiated with vitamin D3, dexamethasone and rapamycin. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14985. [PMID: 30297862 PMCID: PMC6175832 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33248-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tolerogenic dendritic cell (tolDC)-based therapies have become a promising approach for the treatment of autoimmune diseases by their potential ability to restore immune tolerance in an antigen-specific manner. However, the broad variety of protocols used to generate tolDC in vitro and their functional and phenotypical heterogeneity are evidencing the need to find robust biomarkers as a key point towards their translation into the clinic, as well as better understanding the mechanisms involved in the induction of immune tolerance. With that aim, in this study we have compared the transcriptomic profile of tolDC induced with either vitamin D3 (vitD3-tolDC), dexamethasone (dexa-tolDC) or rapamycin (rapa-tolDC) through a microarray analysis in 5 healthy donors. The results evidenced that common differentially expressed genes could not be found for the three different tolDC protocols. However, individually, CYP24A1, MUCL1 and MAP7 for vitD3-tolDC; CD163, CCL18, C1QB and C1QC for dexa-tolDC; and CNGA1 and CYP7B1 for rapa-tolDC, constituted good candidate biomarkers for each respective cellular product. In addition, a further gene set enrichment analysis of the data revealed that dexa-tolDC and vitD3-tolDC share several immune regulatory and anti-inflammatory pathways, while rapa-tolDC seem to be playing a totally different role towards tolerance induction through a strong immunosuppression of their cellular processes.
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90
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Jiang L, Huang D, Nie S, Xie M. Polysaccharide isolated from seeds of Plantago asiatica L. induces maturation of dendritic cells through MAPK and NF-κB pathway. Saudi J Biol Sci 2018; 25:1202-1207. [PMID: 30174523 PMCID: PMC6117183 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2017.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Plantago species are used as traditional medicine in Asian and Europe. Polysaccharide isolated from the seeds of Plantago asiatica L. could stimulate maturation transformation of bone-marrow derived dendritic cells (DCs). We found that blocking p38, ERK1/2 and JNK MAPK signal transduction could significantly decreased the PLP-2 induced expression of MHC II, CD86 surface molecules on DCs. Blocking p38 and JNK signal also significantly inhibited the cytokine secretion of TNF-α and IL-12p70 as well, while blocking ERK1/2 signal only decreased the secretion of TNF-α. Meanwhile, DCs in the three MAPK signal-blocking groups showed dramatically attenuated effects on stimulating proliferation of T lymphocytes. Similarly, blocking signal transduction of NF-κB pathway also significantly impaired the phenotypic and functional maturation development of DCs induced by PLP-2. These data suggest that MAPK and NF-κB pathway mediates the PLP-induced maturation on DCs. Especially, among the three MAPK pathways, activation of JNK signal transduction is the most important for DCs development after PLP-2 incubation. And PLP-2 may activate the MAPK and NF-κB pathway by triggering toll-like receptor 4 on DCs.
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Key Words
- CD, cluster of differentiation
- DCs, dendritic cells
- Dendritic cell
- ERK, extracellular signal regulated kinases
- IL, interleukin
- JNK, c-Jun amino-terminal kinases
- MAPK
- MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase
- NF-κB
- NF-κB, nuclear factor κB
- PAMPs, pathogen-associated molecular patterns
- PDTC, pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate
- PLP, polysaccharide from the seeds of Plantago asiatica L.
- PRR, pattern recognition receptors
- Plantago asiatica L.
- Polysaccharides
- TLR, toll-like receptor
- TNF, tumor necrosis factor
- Toll-like receptor
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - MingYong Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
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91
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Wang Y, Kwak M, Lee PCW, Jin JO. Rehmannia glutinosa polysaccharide promoted activation of human dendritic cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 116:232-238. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.04.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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92
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Kim WS, Shin MK, Shin SJ. MAP1981c, a Putative Nucleic Acid-Binding Protein, Produced by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, Induces Maturation of Dendritic Cells and Th1-Polarization. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2018; 8:206. [PMID: 29977867 PMCID: PMC6021526 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) is the causative pathogen of chronic granulomatous enteropathy (Johne's disease) in animals, and has been focused on its association with various autoimmune diseases in humans, including Crohn's disease. The discovery of novel mycobacterial antigens and exploring their role in host immunity can contribute to the advancement of effective defense strategies including vaccines and diagnostic tools. In a preliminary study, we identified cellular extract proteins of MAP that strongly react with the blood of patients with Crohn's disease. In particular, MAP1981c, a putative nucleic acid-binding protein, showed high expression levels and strong reactivity to IgG and IgM in the sera of patients. Here, we investigated the immunological features of MAP1981c and focused on its interaction with dendritic cells (DCs), confirming its immunomodulatory ability. MAP1981c was shown to recognize Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4, and induce DC maturation and activation by increasing the expression of co-stimulatory (CD80 and CD86) and MHC class I/II molecules and the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α) in DCs. This DC activation by MAP1981c was mediated by downstream signaling of TLR4 via MyD88- and TRIF-, MAP kinase-, and NF-κB-dependent signaling pathways. In addition, MAP1981c-treated DCs activated naïve T cells and induced the differentiation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells to express T-bet, IFN-γ, and/or IL-2, but not GATA-3 and IL-4, thus indicating that MAP1981c contributes to Th1-type immune responses both in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, these results suggest that MAP1981c is a novel immunocompetent antigen that induces DC maturation and a Th1-biased response upon DC activation, suggesting that MAP1981c can be an effective vaccine and diagnostic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo Sik Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, South Korea
| | - Min-Kyoung Shin
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Sung Jae Shin
- Department of Microbiology and Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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93
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Notch Signaling is Required for Dendritic Cell Maturation and T Cell Expansion in Paracoccidioidomycosis. Mycopathologia 2018; 183:739-749. [PMID: 29911286 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-018-0276-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
The Notch signaling pathway participates in several cellular functional aspects. This signaling has an important role in targeting both DC maturation and DC-mediated T cell responses. Thus, it is essential to investigate the influence of this signaling pathway in the role played by DCs in the pathogenesis of experimental paracoccidioidomycosis. This disease is a granulomatous and systemic mycosis that mainly affects lung tissue and can spread to any other organ and system. In this study, we demonstrated that bone marrow-derived DCs infected with yeasts from Paracoccidioides brasiliensis strain 18 performed efficiently their maturation after the activation of Notch signaling, with an increase in CD80, CD86, CCR7, and CD40 expression and the release of cytokines such as IL-6 and TNF-α. We observed that the inhibition of the γ-secretase DAPT impaired the proliferation of T cells induced by DC stimulation. In conclusion, our data suggest that Notch signaling contributes effectively to the maturation of DCs and the DC-mediated activation of the T cell response in P. brasiliensis infections.
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94
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Crotoxin Isolated from Crotalus durissus terrificus Venom Modulates the Functional Activity of Dendritic Cells via Formyl Peptide Receptors. J Immunol Res 2018; 2018:7873257. [PMID: 29967803 PMCID: PMC6008858 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7873257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Crotalus durissus terrificus rattlesnake venom, its main toxin, crotoxin (CTX), and its crotapotin (CA) and phospholipase A2 (CB) subunits modulate the immune system. Formyl peptide receptors (FPRs) and lipoxin A4 (LXA4) are involved in CTX's effect on macrophages and neutrophils. Dendritic cells (DCs) are plasticity cells involved in the induction of adaptive immunity and tolerance maintenance. Therefore, we evaluated the effect of CTX, CA or CB on the maturation of DCs derived from murine bone marrow (BM). According to data, CTX and CB-but not CA-induced an increase of MHC-II, but not costimulatory molecules on DCs. Furthermore, CTX and CB inhibited the expression of costimulatory and MHC-II molecules, secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and NF-κBp65 and p38/ERK1/2-MAPK signaling pathways by LPS-incubated DCs. Differently, CTX and CB induced IL-10, PGE2 and LXA4 secretion in LPS-incubated DCs. Lower proliferation and IL-2 secretion were verified in coculture of CD3+ cells and DCs incubated with LPS plus CTX or CB compared with LPS-incubated DCs. The effect of CTX and CB on DCs was abolished in cultures incubated with a FPRs antagonist. Hence, CTX and CB exert a modulation on functional activity of DCs; we also checked the involvement the FPR family on cell activities.
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95
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Wu L, Zhang H, Jiang Y, Gallo RC, Cheng H. Induction of antitumor cytotoxic lymphocytes using engineered human primary blood dendritic cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E4453-E4462. [PMID: 29674449 PMCID: PMC5948994 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1800550115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cell (DC)-based cancer immunotherapy has achieved modest clinical benefits, but several technical hurdles in DC preparation, activation, and cancer/testis antigen (CTA) delivery limit its broad applications. Here, we report the development of immortalized and constitutively activated human primary blood dendritic cell lines (ihv-DCs). The ihv-DCs are a subset of CD11c+/CD205+ DCs that constitutively display costimulatory molecules. The ihv-DCs can be genetically modified to express human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) or the testis antigen MAGEA3 in generating CTA-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). In an autologous setting, the HLA-A2+ ihv-DCs that present hTERT antigen prime autologous T cells to generate hTERT-specific CTLs, inducing cytolysis of hTERT-expressing target cells in an HLA-A2-restricted manner. Remarkably, ihv-DCs that carry two allogeneic HLA-DRB1 alleles are able to prime autologous T cells to proliferate robustly in generating HLA-A2-restricted, hTERT-specific CTLs. The ihv-DCs, which are engineered to express MAGEA3 and high levels of 4-1BBL and MICA, induce simultaneous production of both HLA-A2-restricted, MAGEA3-specific CTLs and NK cells from HLA-A2+ donor peripheral blood mononuclear cells. These cytotoxic lymphocytes suppress lung metastasis of A549/A2.1 lung cancer cells in NSG mice. Both CTLs and NK cells are found to infiltrate lung as well as lymphoid tissues, mimicking the in vivo trafficking patterns of cytotoxic lymphocytes. This approach should facilitate the development of cell-based immunotherapy for human lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 510632 Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Huan Zhang
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Yixing Jiang
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Robert C Gallo
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201;
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Hua Cheng
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201;
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
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96
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Hyperthermic treatment at 56 °C induces tumour-specific immune protection in a mouse model of prostate cancer in both prophylactic and therapeutic immunization regimens. Vaccine 2018; 36:3708-3716. [PMID: 29752021 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Most active cancer immunotherapies able to induce a long-lasting protection against tumours are based on the activation of tumour-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). Cell death by hyperthermia induces apoptosis followed by secondary necrosis, with the production of factors named "danger associated molecular pattern" (DAMP) molecules (DAMPs), that activate dendritic cells (DCs) to perform antigen uptake, processing and presentation, followed by CTLs cross priming. In many published studies, hyperthermia treatment of tumour cells is performed at 42-45 °C; these temperatures mainly promote cell surface expression of DAMPs. Treatment at 56 °C of tumour cells was shown to induce DAMPs secretion rather than their cell surface expression, improving DC activation and CTL cross priming in vitro. Thus we tested the relevance of this finding in vivo on the generation of a tumour-specific memory immune response, in the TRAMP-C2 mouse prostate carcinoma transplantable model. TRAMP-C2 tumour cells treated at 56 °C were able not only to activate DCs in vitro but also to trigger a tumour-specific CTL-dependent immune response in vivo. Prophylactic vaccination with 56 °C-treated TRAMP-C2 tumour cells alone provided protection against TRAMP-C2 tumour growth in vivo, whilst in the therapeutic regimen, control of tumour growth was achieved combining immunization with adjuvant chemotherapy.
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97
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Chen S, Li X, Zhang W, Zi M, Xu Y. Inflammatory compound lipopolysaccharide promotes the survival of GM-CSF cultured dendritic cell via PI3 kinase-dependent upregulation of Bcl-x. Immunol Cell Biol 2018; 96:912-921. [PMID: 29624724 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
As professional antigen-presenting cells, dendritic cells (DCs) initiate and regulate immune responses against inflammation. The invasion of pathogens into the body, however, can in turn cause the change of DCs in both activity and viability, which ultimately affect immune homeostasis. The exact mechanisms that the bacteria utilize to alter the lifespan of DCs, however, are far from clear. In this study, we found that the bacterial wall compound lipopolysaccharide (LPS) can promote the survival of GM-CSF-differentiated DCs (GM-DCs). At molecular levels, we demonstrated that GM-DCs had distinct pattern of mRNA expression for anti-apoptotic BCL-2 family members, of which, Bcl-x increased significantly following LPS stimulation. Interestingly, specific inhibition of BCL-XL protein alone was sufficient to remove the anti-apoptotic effects of LPS on BM-DCs. Further study of the signaling mechanisms revealed that although LPS can activate both Erk MAP kinase and PI3 kinase pathways, only blocking of PI3K abolished both Bcl-x upregulation and the enhanced survival phenotype, suggesting that the PI3K signaling mediated the upregulation of Bcl-x for the LPS-induced pro-survival in GM-DCs. Collectively, this study unveils a molecular mechanism that DCs adapt to maintain innate immunity against the invasion of pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Chen
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, School of Life Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, China
| | - Xinchen Li
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, School of Life Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, China
| | - Wenjie Zhang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, School of Life Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, China
| | - Mengting Zi
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, School of Life Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, China
| | - Yuekang Xu
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, School of Life Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, China
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98
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Mycobacterium tuberculosis protein Rv2220 induces maturation and activation of dendritic cells. Cell Immunol 2018; 328:70-78. [PMID: 29625705 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2018.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis remains a serious health problem worldwide. Characterization of the dendritic cell (DC)-activating mycobacterial proteins has driven the development of effective TB vaccine candidates besides improving the understanding of immune responses. Some studies have emphasized the essential role of protein Rv2220 from M. tuberculosis in mycobacterial growth. Nonetheless, little is known about cellular immune responses to Rv2220. In this study, our aim was to test whether protein Rv2220 induces maturation and activation of DCs. Rv2220-activated DCs appeared to be in a mature state with elevated expression of relevant surface molecules and proinflammatory cytokines. DC maturation caused by Rv2220 was mediated by MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways. Specifically, Rv2220-matured DCs induced the expansion of memory CD62LlowCD44highCD4+ T cells in the spleen of mycobacteria-infected mice. Our results suggest that Rv2220 regulates host immune responses through maturation of DCs, a finding that points to a new vaccine candidate against tuberculosis.
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99
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Montico B, Nigro A, Casolaro V, Dal Col J. Immunogenic Apoptosis as a Novel Tool for Anticancer Vaccine Development. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19020594. [PMID: 29462947 PMCID: PMC5855816 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunogenic apoptosis, or more appropriately called immunogenic cell death (ICD), is a recently described form of apoptosis induced by a specific set of chemotherapeutic drugs or by physical therapeutic modalities, such as ionizing irradiation and photodynamic therapy. The peculiar characteristic of ICD is the ability to favor recognition and elimination of dying tumor cells by phagocytes in association with the release of pro-inflammatory molecules (such as cytokines and high-mobility group box-1). While in vitro and animal models pointed to ICD as one of the molecular mechanisms mediating the clinical efficacy of some anticancer agents, it is hard to clearly demonstrate its contribution in cancer patients. Clinical evidence suggests that the induction of ICD alone is possibly not sufficient to fully subvert the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. However, interesting results from recent studies contemplate the exploitation of ICD for improving the immunogenicity of cancer cells to use them as an antigen cargo in the development of dendritic cell (DC) vaccines. Herein, we discuss the effects of danger signals expressed or released by cancer cells undergoing ICD on the maturation and activation of immature and mature DC, highlighting the potential added value of ICD in adoptive immunotherapy protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Montico
- Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, Department of Translational Research, Immunopathology and Cancer Biomarkers, 33081 Aviano (PN), Italy.
| | - Annunziata Nigro
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi (SA), Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Casolaro
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi (SA), Italy.
| | - Jessica Dal Col
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi (SA), Italy.
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100
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Yu N, Wang S, Song X, Gao L, Li W, Yu H, Zhou C, Wang Z, Li F, Jiang Q. Low-Dose Radiation Promotes Dendritic Cell Migration and IL-12 Production via the ATM/NF-KappaB Pathway. Radiat Res 2018; 189:409-417. [PMID: 29420126 DOI: 10.1667/rr14840.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
For dendritic cells (DCs) to initiate an immune response, their ability to migrate and to produce interleukin-12 (IL-12) is crucial. It has been previously shown that low-dose radiation (LDR) promoted IL-12 production by DCs, resulting in increased DC activity that contributed to LDR hormesis in the immune system. However, the molecular mechanism of LDR-induced IL-12 production, as well as the effect of LDR on DC migration capacity require further elucidation. Using the JAWSII immortalized mouse dendritic cell line, we showed that in vitro X-ray irradiation (0.2 Gy) of DCs significantly increased DC migration and IL-12 production, and upregulated CCR7. The neutralizing antibody against CCR7 has been shown to abolish LDR-enhanced DC migration, demonstrating that CCR7 mediates LDR-promoting DC migration. We identified nuclear factor kappaB (NF-κB) as the central signaling pathway that mediated LDR-enhanced expression of IL-12 and CCR7 based on findings that 0.2 Gy X-ray irradiation activated NF-κB, showing increased nuclear p65 translocation and NF-κB DNA-binding activity, while an NF-κB inhibitor blocked LDR-enhanced expression of IL-12 and CCR7, as well as DC migration. Finally, we demonstrated that 0.2 Gy X-ray irradiation promoted ATM phosphorylation and reactive oxygen species generation; however, only the ATM inhibitor abolished the LDR-induced NF-κB-mediated expression of IL-12 and CCR7. Altogether, our data show that exposure to LDR resulted in a hormetic effect on DCs regarding CCR7-mediated migration and IL-12 production by activating the ATM/NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Yu
- a Lab of Radiation Damage Research, The General Hospital of the PLA Rocket Force, Beijing, 100088, China
| | - Sinian Wang
- a Lab of Radiation Damage Research, The General Hospital of the PLA Rocket Force, Beijing, 100088, China
| | - Xiujun Song
- a Lab of Radiation Damage Research, The General Hospital of the PLA Rocket Force, Beijing, 100088, China
| | - Ling Gao
- b Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, China Centers for Disease Control, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Wei Li
- a Lab of Radiation Damage Research, The General Hospital of the PLA Rocket Force, Beijing, 100088, China
| | - Huijie Yu
- a Lab of Radiation Damage Research, The General Hospital of the PLA Rocket Force, Beijing, 100088, China
| | - Chuanchuan Zhou
- a Lab of Radiation Damage Research, The General Hospital of the PLA Rocket Force, Beijing, 100088, China
| | - Zhenxia Wang
- c Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010059, China
| | - Fengsheng Li
- a Lab of Radiation Damage Research, The General Hospital of the PLA Rocket Force, Beijing, 100088, China
| | - Qisheng Jiang
- a Lab of Radiation Damage Research, The General Hospital of the PLA Rocket Force, Beijing, 100088, China
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