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Johns SC, Gupta P, Lee YH, Friend J, Fuster MM. Glycocalyx transduces membrane leak in brain tumor cells exposed to sharp magnetic pulsing. Biophys J 2023; 122:4425-4439. [PMID: 37992690 PMCID: PMC10698326 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2023.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms by which electric (E) or magnetic (B) fields might be harnessed to affect tumor cell behavior remain poorly defined, presenting a barrier to translation. We hypothesized in early studies that the glycocalyx of lung cancer cells might play a role in mediating plasma membrane leak by low-frequency pulsed magnetic fields (Lf-PMF) generated on a low-energy solenoid platform. In testing glioblastoma and neuroblastoma cells known to overexpress glycoproteins rich in modifications by the anionic glycan sialic acid (Sia), exposure of brain tumor cells on the same platform to a pulse train that included a 5 min 50Hz Lf-PMF (dB/dt ∼ 2 T/s at 10 ms pulse widths) induced a very modest but significant protease leak above that of control nonexposed cells (with modest but significant reductions in long-term tumor cell viability after the 5 min exposure). Using a markedly higher dB/dt system (80 T/s pulses, 70 μs pulse-width at 5.9 cm from a MagVenture coil source) induced markedly greater leak by the same cells, and eliminating Sia by treating cells with AUS sialidase immediately preexposure abrogated the effect entirely in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells, and partially in T98G glioblastoma cells. The system demonstrated significant leak (including inward leak of propidium iodide), with reduced leak at lower dB/dt in a variety of tumor cells. The ability to abrogate Lf-PMF protease leak by pretreatment with sialidase in SH-SY5Y brain tumor cells or with heparin lyase in A549 lung tumor cells indicated the importance of heavy Sia or heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycan glycocalyx modifications as dominant glycan species mediating Lf-PMF membrane leak in respective tumor cells. This "first-physical" Lf-PMF tumor glycocalyx event, with downstream cell stress, may represent a critical and "tunable" transduction mechanism that depends on characteristic anionic glycans overexpressed by distinct malignant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott C Johns
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California; Veterans Medical Research Foundation, San Diego, California
| | - Purva Gupta
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California; Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Yi-Hung Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - James Friend
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Mark M Fuster
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California; Veterans Medical Research Foundation, San Diego, California; Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California; Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California.
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Yu JJ, Non AL, Heinrich EC, Gu W, Alcock J, Moya EA, Lawrence ES, Tift MS, O'Brien KA, Storz JF, Signore AV, Khudyakov JI, Milsom WK, Wilson SM, Beall CM, Villafuerte FC, Stobdan T, Julian CG, Moore LG, Fuster MM, Stokes JA, Milner R, West JB, Zhang J, Shyy JY, Childebayeva A, Vázquez-Medina JP, Pham LV, Mesarwi OA, Hall JE, Cheviron ZA, Sieker J, Blood AB, Yuan JX, Scott GR, Rana BK, Ponganis PJ, Malhotra A, Powell FL, Simonson TS. Time Domains of Hypoxia Responses and -Omics Insights. Front Physiol 2022; 13:885295. [PMID: 36035495 PMCID: PMC9400701 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.885295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to respond rapidly to changes in oxygen tension is critical for many forms of life. Challenges to oxygen homeostasis, specifically in the contexts of evolutionary biology and biomedicine, provide important insights into mechanisms of hypoxia adaptation and tolerance. Here we synthesize findings across varying time domains of hypoxia in terms of oxygen delivery, ranging from early animal to modern human evolution and examine the potential impacts of environmental and clinical challenges through emerging multi-omics approaches. We discuss how diverse animal species have adapted to hypoxic environments, how humans vary in their responses to hypoxia (i.e., in the context of high-altitude exposure, cardiopulmonary disease, and sleep apnea), and how findings from each of these fields inform the other and lead to promising new directions in basic and clinical hypoxia research.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J. Yu
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Amy L. Non
- Department of Anthropology, Division of Social Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States,*Correspondence: Amy L. Non, Tatum S. Simonson,
| | - Erica C. Heinrich
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Wanjun Gu
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States,Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Longevity Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Joe Alcock
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, MX, United States
| | - Esteban A. Moya
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Elijah S. Lawrence
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Michael S. Tift
- Department of Biology and Marine Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, NC, United States
| | - Katie A. O'Brien
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States,Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, Faculty of Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, ENG, United Kingdom
| | - Jay F. Storz
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, IL, United States
| | - Anthony V. Signore
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, IL, United States
| | - Jane I. Khudyakov
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA, United States
| | | | - Sean M. Wilson
- Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | | | | | | | - Colleen G. Julian
- School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Lorna G. Moore
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Mark M. Fuster
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Jennifer A. Stokes
- Department of Kinesiology, Southwestern University, Georgetown, TX, United States
| | - Richard Milner
- San Diego Biomedical Research Institute, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - John B. West
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Jiao Zhang
- Department of Medicine, UC San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - John Y. Shyy
- Department of Medicine, UC San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Ainash Childebayeva
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - José Pablo Vázquez-Medina
- Department of Integrative Biology, College of Letters and Science, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Luu V. Pham
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Omar A. Mesarwi
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - James E. Hall
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Zachary A. Cheviron
- Division of Biological Sciences, College of Humanities and Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
| | - Jeremy Sieker
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Arlin B. Blood
- Department of Pediatrics Division of Neonatology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Jason X. Yuan
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Graham R. Scott
- Department of Pediatrics Division of Neonatology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Brinda K. Rana
- Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States,Department of Psychiatry, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Paul J. Ponganis
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Atul Malhotra
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Frank L. Powell
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Tatum S. Simonson
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States,*Correspondence: Amy L. Non, Tatum S. Simonson,
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Kim SY, Gupta P, Johns SC, Zuniga EI, Teijaro JR, Fuster MM. Genetic alteration of heparan sulfate in CD11c + immune cells inhibits inflammation and facilitates pathogen clearance during influenza A virus infection. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5382. [PMID: 35354833 PMCID: PMC8968721 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09197-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Survival from influenza A virus (IAV) infection largely depends on an intricate balance between pathogen clearance and immunomodulation in the lung. We demonstrate that genetic alteration of the glycan heparan sulfate (HS) in CD11c + cells via Ndst1f/f CD11cCre + mutation, which inhibits HS sulfation in a major antigen presenting cell population, reduces lung inflammation by A/Puerto Rico/8/1934(H1N1) influenza in mice. Mutation was also characterized by a reduction in lung infiltration by CD4+ regulatory T (Treg) cells in the late infection/effector phase, 9 days post inoculation (p.i.), without significant differences in lung CD8 + T cells, or Treg cells at an earlier point (day 5) following infection. Induction of under-sulfated HS via Ndst1 silencing in a model dendritic cell line (DC2.4) resulted in up-regulated basal expression of the antiviral cytokine interferon β (IFN-β) relative to control. Stimulating cells with the TLR9 ligand CpG resulted in greater nuclear factor-κB (NFκB) phosphorylation in Ndst1 silenced DC2.4 cells. While stimulating cells with CpG also modestly increased IFN-β expression, this did not lead to significant increases in IFN-β protein production. In further IFN-β protein response studies using primary bone marrow DCs from Ndst1f/f CD11cCre + mutant and Cre− control mice, while trace IFN-β protein was detected in response to CpG, stimulation with the TLR7 ligand R848 resulted in robust IFN-β production, with significantly higher levels associated with DC Ndst1 mutation. In vivo, improved pathogen clearance in Ndst1f/f CD11cCre + mutant mice was suggested by reduced IAV AA5H nucleoprotein in lung examined in the late/effector phase. Earlier in the course of infection (day 5 p.i.), mean viral load, as measured by viral RNA, was not significantly different among genotypes. These findings point to novel regulatory roles for DC HS in innate and adaptive immunity during viral infection. This may have therapeutic potential and guide DC targeted HS engineering platforms in the setting of IAV or other respiratory viruses.
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Indralingam CS, Gutierrez-Gonzalez AK, Johns SC, Tsui T, Cannon DT, Fuster MM, Bigby TD, Jennings PA, Breen EC. IL-33/ST2 receptor-dependent signaling in the development of pulmonary hypertension in Sugen/hypoxia mice. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15185. [PMID: 35150208 PMCID: PMC8839421 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. PAH is characterized by pulmonary artery remodeling, elevated right ventricular pressure (RVP) and, ultimately, cardiac failure. Pulmonary endothelial cells can sense danger or damage caused by mechanical injury or pathogens through alarmin cytokines. These cytokines can signal proliferation to restore barrier integrity or aberrant hyperproliferation and remodeling. We hypothesized that IL‐33 signals pulmonary artery endothelial cells to proliferate under hypertensive conditions during the remodeling response and rise in RVP. To test this hypothesis, pulmonary hypertension (PH) was induced in C57Bl/6J, IL‐33 receptor gene deleted (ST2−/−) and MYD88 gene deleted (MYD88−/−) mice by exposure to 10% O2 and SU5416 injections (SUHX). RVP, arterial wall thickness, endothelial cell proliferation and IL‐33 levels and signaling were evaluated. In response to SUHX. RVP increased in C57Bl/6J mice in response to SUHX (49% male and 70% female; p < 0.0001) and this SUHX response was attenuated in ST2−/− mice (29% male p = 0.003; 30% female p = 0.001) and absent in MYD88−/− mice. Wall thickness was increased in SUHX C57Bl/6J mice (p = 0.005), but not in ST2−/− or MYD88−/− mice. Proliferating cells were detected in C57Bl/6J mice by flow cytometry (CD31+/BrDU+; p = 0.02) and immunofluorescence methods (Ki‐67+). IL‐33 was increased by SUHX (p = 0.03) but a genotype effect was not observed (p = 0.76). We observed that in hPAECs, IL‐33 expression is regulated by both IL‐33 and DLL4. These data suggest IL‐33/ST2 signaling is essential for the endothelial cell proliferative response in PH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Scott C Johns
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Tzuhan Tsui
- Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Daniel T Cannon
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Mark M Fuster
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, California, USA.,Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Timothy D Bigby
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, California, USA.,Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Patricia A Jennings
- Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Ellen C Breen
- Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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Tsai JC, Saad OA, Magesh S, Xu J, Lee AC, Li WT, Chakladar J, Fuster MM, Chang EY, Wang-Rodriguez J, Ongkeko WM. Tobacco Smoke and Electronic Cigarette Vapor Alter Enhancer RNA Expression That Can Regulate the Pathogenesis of Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13164225. [PMID: 34439379 PMCID: PMC8391195 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13164225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary It is well established that tobacco smoke is the key player in lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) pathogenesis, and there is growing evidence that electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) vapor may also cause LUSC. Recently, several studies have associated tobacco smoke with differential enhancer RNA (eRNA) expression. However, the effects of tobacco smoke and e-cigarette vapor on eRNA expression in correlation to LUSC outcomes have not been fully elucidated. This study demonstrates that tobacco smoke and e-cigarette vapor may decrease DNA methylation and increase chromosomal alterations at key sites, which ultimately upregulate the expression of oncogenic eRNAs and downregulate the expression of tumor-suppressing eRNAs. Subsequently, we demonstrate that these eRNAs may have altered interactions with immune cells to promote LUSC pathogenesis and reduced patient survival. We hope our results can be validated in future studies, and the key eRNAs we identified may be used as effective targets for more specialized treatments for smoking-mediated LUSC. Abstract Tobacco is the primary etiologic agent in worsened lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) outcomes. Meanwhile, it has been shown that etiologic agents alter enhancer RNAs (eRNAs) expression. Therefore, we aimed to identify the effects of tobacco and electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use on eRNA expression in relation to LUSC outcomes. We extracted eRNA counts from RNA-sequencing data of tumor/adjacent normal tissue and before/after e-cigarette tissue from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), respectively. Tobacco-mediated LUSC eRNAs were correlated to patient survival, clinical variables, and immune-associated elements. eRNA expression was also correlated to mutation rates through the Repeated Evaluation of Variables Conditional Entropy and Redundance (REVEALER) algorithm and methylated sites through methylationArrayAnalysis. Differential expression analysis was then completed for the e-cigarette data to compare with key tobacco-mediated eRNAs. We identified 684 downregulated eRNAs and 819 upregulated eRNAs associated with tobacco-mediated LUSC, specifically, with the cancer pathological stage. We also observed a decrease in immune cell abundance in tobacco-mediated LUSC. Yet, we found an increased association of eRNA expression with immune cell abundance in tobacco-mediated LUSC. We identified 16 key eRNAs with significant correlations to 8 clinical variables, implicating these eRNAs in LUSC malignancy. Furthermore, we observed that these 16 eRNAs were highly associated with chromosomal alterations and reduced CpG site methylation. Finally, we observed large eRNA expression upregulation with e-cigarette use, which corresponded to the upregulation of the 16 key eRNAs. Our findings provide a novel mechanism by which tobacco and e-cigarette smoke influences eRNA interactions to promote LUSC pathogenesis and provide insight regarding disease progression at a molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph C. Tsai
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, UC San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; (J.C.T.); (O.A.S.); (S.M.); (J.X.); (A.C.L.); (W.T.L.); (J.C.)
- Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
| | - Omar A. Saad
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, UC San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; (J.C.T.); (O.A.S.); (S.M.); (J.X.); (A.C.L.); (W.T.L.); (J.C.)
- Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
| | - Shruti Magesh
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, UC San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; (J.C.T.); (O.A.S.); (S.M.); (J.X.); (A.C.L.); (W.T.L.); (J.C.)
- Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
| | - Jingyue Xu
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, UC San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; (J.C.T.); (O.A.S.); (S.M.); (J.X.); (A.C.L.); (W.T.L.); (J.C.)
- Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
| | - Abby C. Lee
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, UC San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; (J.C.T.); (O.A.S.); (S.M.); (J.X.); (A.C.L.); (W.T.L.); (J.C.)
- Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
| | - Wei Tse Li
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, UC San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; (J.C.T.); (O.A.S.); (S.M.); (J.X.); (A.C.L.); (W.T.L.); (J.C.)
- Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
| | - Jaideep Chakladar
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, UC San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; (J.C.T.); (O.A.S.); (S.M.); (J.X.); (A.C.L.); (W.T.L.); (J.C.)
- Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
| | - Mark M. Fuster
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, Medical and Research Sections, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92161, USA;
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92037, USA
| | - Eric Y. Chang
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA;
- Radiology Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
| | - Jessica Wang-Rodriguez
- Department of Pathology, UC San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA 92093, USA;
- Pathology Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
| | - Weg M. Ongkeko
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, UC San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; (J.C.T.); (O.A.S.); (S.M.); (J.X.); (A.C.L.); (W.T.L.); (J.C.)
- Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(858)-552-8585-X-7165
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Ha D, Ries AL, Lippman SM, Fuster MM. Effects of curative-intent lung cancer therapy on functional exercise capacity and patient-reported outcomes. Support Care Cancer 2020; 28:4707-4720. [PMID: 31965306 PMCID: PMC7371511 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-020-05294-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Lung cancer treatment can lead to negative health consequences. We analyzed the effects of curative-intent lung cancer treatment on functional exercise capacity (EC) and patient-reported outcomes (PROs). METHODS We performed a prospective, observational cohort study of consecutive patients with stage I-IIIA lung cancer undergoing curative-intent therapy and assessed functional EC (primary outcome, six-minute walk distance (6MWD)), cancer-specific quality of life (QoL) (secondary outcome, European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer QoL Questionnaire Core 30 (EORTC-QLQ-C30) summary score), and exploratory outcomes including dyspnea (University of California San Diego Shortness of Breath Questionnaire (UCSD SOBQ)) and fatigue Brief Fatigue Inventory (BFI)) symptoms before and at 1 to 3 months post-treatment. We analyzed the time effect of treatment on outcomes using multivariable generalized estimating equations. RESULTS In 35 enrolled participants, treatment was associated with a clinically meaningful and borderline-significant decline in functional EC ((mean change, 95% CI) 6MWD = - 25.4 m (- 55.3, + 4.47), p = 0.10), clinically meaningful and statistically significant higher dyspnea (UCSD SOBQ = + 13.1 (+ 5.7, + 20.6), p = 0.001) and fatigue (BFI = + 10.0 (+ 2.9, + 17.0), p = 0.006), but no clinically meaningful or statistically significant change in cancer-specific QoL (EORTC-QLQ-C30 summary score = - 3.4 (- 9.8, + 3.0), p = 0.30). CONCLUSIONS Among the first prospective analysis of the effect of curative-intent lung cancer treatment on functional EC and PROs, we observed worsening dyspnea and fatigue, and possibly a decline in functional EC but not cancer-specific QoL at 1 to 3 months post-treatment. Interventions to reduce treatment-related morbidities and improve lung cancer survivorship may need to focus on reducing dyspnea, fatigue, and/or improving functional EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duc Ha
- Institute for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Colorado, 2550 S. Parker Rd Suite 200, Aurora, CO, 80014, USA.
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Aurora, CO, USA.
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Andrew L Ries
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Scott M Lippman
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego Health, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Mark M Fuster
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
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7
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Kim SY, Jin W, Sood A, Montgomery DW, Grant OC, Fuster MM, Fu L, Dordick JS, Woods RJ, Zhang F, Linhardt RJ. Characterization of heparin and severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike glycoprotein binding interactions. Antiviral Res 2020; 181:104873. [PMID: 32653452 PMCID: PMC7347485 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2020.104873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has resulted in a pandemic and continues to spread around the globe at an unprecedented rate. To date, no effective therapeutic is available to fight its associated disease, COVID-19. Our discovery of a novel insertion of glycosaminoglycan (GAG)-binding motif at S1/S2 proteolytic cleavage site (681-686 (PRRARS)) and two other GAG-binding-like motifs within SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein (SGP) led us to hypothesize that host cell surface GAGs may interact SARS-CoV-2 SGPs to facilitate host cell entry. Using a surface plasmon resonance direct binding assay, we found that both monomeric and trimeric SARS-CoV-2 SGP bind more tightly to immobilized heparin (KD = 40 pM and 73 pM, respectively) than the SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV SGPs (500 nM and 1 nM, respectively). In competitive binding studies, the IC50 of heparin, tri-sulfated non-anticoagulant heparan sulfate, and non-anticoagulant low molecular weight heparin against SARS-CoV-2 SGP binding to immobilized heparin were 0.056 μM, 0.12 μM, and 26.4 μM, respectively. Finally, unbiased computational ligand docking indicates that heparan sulfate interacts with the GAG-binding motif at the S1/S2 site on each monomer interface in the trimeric SARS-CoV-2 SGP, and at another site (453-459 (YRLFRKS)) when the receptor-binding domain is in an open conformation. The current study serves a foundation to further investigate biological roles of GAGs in SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis. Furthermore, our findings may provide additional basis for further heparin-based interventions for COVID-19 patients exhibiting thrombotic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Young Kim
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; VA San Diego Healthcare System, Medical and Research Sections, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Weihua Jin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Amika Sood
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - David W Montgomery
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Oliver C Grant
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Mark M Fuster
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; VA San Diego Healthcare System, Medical and Research Sections, La Jolla, CA, USA; Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Li Fu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan S Dordick
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Robert J Woods
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Fuming Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA.
| | - Robert J Linhardt
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA; Department of Biological Science, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA; Biomedical Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA.
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8
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Indralingam C, Johns SC, Fuster MM, Jennings PA, Breen EC. Interleukin‐33 Dependent Endothelial Cell Hyperproliferation and Vascular Remodeling in Sugen/Hypoxia Mice. FASEB J 2020. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2020.34.s1.06620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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9
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Ashdown CP, Johns SC, Aminov E, Unanian M, Connacher W, Friend J, Fuster MM. Pulsed Low-Frequency Magnetic Fields Induce Tumor Membrane Disruption and Altered Cell Viability. Biophys J 2020; 118:1552-1563. [PMID: 32142642 PMCID: PMC7136334 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2020.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells express a unique cell surface glycocalyx with upregulation of sulfated glycosaminoglycans and charged glycoproteins. Little is known about how electromagnetic fields interact with this layer, particularly with regard to harnessing unique properties for therapeutic benefit. We applied a pulsed 20-millitesla (mT) magnetic field with rate of rise (dB/dt) in the msec range to cultured tumor cells to assess whether this affects membrane integrity as measured using cytolytic assays. A 10-min exposure of A549 human lung cancer cells to sequential 50- and 385-Hz oscillating magnetic fields was sufficient to induce intracellular protease release, suggesting altered membrane integrity after the field exposure. Heparinase treatment, which digests anionic sulfated glycan polymers, before exposure rendered cells insensitive to this effect. We further examined a non-neoplastic human primary cell line (lung lymphatic endothelial cells) as a typical normal host cell from the lung cancer microenvironment and found no effect of field exposure on membrane integrity. The field exposure was also sufficient to alter proliferation of tumor cells in culture, but not that of normal lymphatic cells. Pulsed magnetic field exposure of human breast cancer cells that express a sialic-acid rich glycocalyx also induced protease release, and this was partially abrogated by sialidase pretreatment, which removes cell surface anionic sialic acid. Scanning electron microscopy showed that field exposure may induce unique membrane “rippling” along with nanoscale pores on A549 cells. These effects were caused by a short exposure to pulsed 20-mT magnetic fields, and future work may examine greater magnitude effects. The proof of concept herein points to a mechanistic basis for possible applications of pulsed magnetic fields in novel anticancer strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher P Ashdown
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California; Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Scott C Johns
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California; Veterans Medical Research Foundation, San Diego, California
| | - Edward Aminov
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Michael Unanian
- School of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - William Connacher
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - James Friend
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Mark M Fuster
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California; Veterans Medical Research Foundation, San Diego, California; Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California.
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10
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Gupta P, Johns SC, Kim SY, El Ghazal R, Zuniga EI, Fuster MM. Functional Cellular Anti-Tumor Mechanisms are Augmented by Genetic Proteoglycan Targeting. Neoplasia 2019; 22:86-97. [PMID: 31896526 PMCID: PMC6940629 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2019.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
While recent research points to the importance of glycans in cancer immunity, knowledge on functional mechanisms is lacking. In lung carcinoma among other tumors, anti-tumor immunity is suppressed; and while some recent therapies boost T-cell mediated immunity by targeting immune-checkpoint pathways, robust responses are uncommon. Augmenting tumor antigen-specific immune responses by endogenous dendritic cells (DCs) is appealing from a specificity standpoint, but challenging. Here, we show that restricting a heparan sulfate (HS) loss-of-function mutation in the HS sulfating enzyme Ndst1 to predominantly conventional DCs (Ndst1f/f CD11cCre+ mutation) results in marked inhibition of Lewis lung carcinoma growth along with increased tumor-associated CD8+ T cells. In mice deficient in a major DC HS proteoglycan (syndecan-4), splenic CD8+ T cells showed increased anti-tumor cytotoxic responses relative to controls. Studies examining Ndst1f/f CD11cCre + mutants revealed that mutation was associated with an increase in anti-tumor cytolysis using either splenic CD8+ T cells or tumor-infiltrating (TIL) CD8+ T cells purified ex-vivo, and tested in pooled effector-to-target cytolytic assays against tumor cells from respective animals. On glycan compositional analysis, HS purified from Ndst1f/f CD11cCre + mutant DCs had reduced overall sulfation, including reduced sulfation of a tri-sulfated disaccharide species that was intriguingly abundant on wildtype DC HS. Interestingly, antigen presentation in the context of major histocompatibility complex class-I (MHC-I) was enhanced in mutant DCs, with more striking effects in the setting of HS under-sulfation, pointing to a likely regulatory role by sulfated glycans at the antigen/MHC-I – T-cell interface; and possibly future opportunities to improve antigen-specific T cell responses by immunologic targeting of HS proteoglycans in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purva Gupta
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, Medical and Research Sections, La Jolla, CA 92161, United States; Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
| | - Scott C Johns
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, Medical and Research Sections, La Jolla, CA 92161, United States; Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
| | - So Young Kim
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, Medical and Research Sections, La Jolla, CA 92161, United States; Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
| | - Roland El Ghazal
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
| | | | - Mark M Fuster
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, Medical and Research Sections, La Jolla, CA 92161, United States; Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States; Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States.
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11
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Ha D, Malhotra A, Ries AL, O'Neal WT, Fuster MM. Heart rate variability and heart rate recovery in lung cancer survivors eligible for long-term cure. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2019; 269:103264. [PMID: 31376471 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2019.103264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer survivors are at risk for physical fitness and autonomic function impairments. In a cross-sectional study of consecutive lung cancer survivors post-curative intent therapy, we assessed and identified predictors of resting heart rate variability (HRV) and heart rate recovery (HRR), defined as standard deviation of normal-to-normal-R-to-R intervals (SDNN) and root-mean-square-of-successive-differences (rMSSD) from routine outpatient single 10-s electrocardiographs (ECGs) and difference in heart rate (HR) at 1-minute following and the end of the six-minute-walk-test (6MWT), respectively. In 69 participants, the mean (SD) HRR was -10.6 (6.7) beats. Significant independent predictors of HRR were age and HR change associated with the 6MWT. In a subset of 41 participants with available ECGs, the mean (SD) SDNN and rMSSD were 19.1 (15.6) and rMSSD 18.2 (14.6) ms, respectively. Significant independent predictors of HRV were supine HR, HRR, and total lung capacity. HRV/HRR may be useful physiological measures in studies aimed at improving physical fitness and/or autonomic function in lung cancer survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duc Ha
- Institute for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.
| | - Atul Malhotra
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Andrew L Ries
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Wesley T O'Neal
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Mark M Fuster
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA
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12
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Ha D, Ries AL, Montgrain P, Vaida F, Sheinkman S, Fuster MM. Time to treatment and survival in veterans with lung cancer eligible for curative intent therapy. Respir Med 2018; 141:172-179. [PMID: 30053964 PMCID: PMC6104385 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Institute of Medicine emphasizes care timeliness as an important quality metric. We assessed treatment timeliness in stage I-IIIA lung cancer patients deemed eligible for curative intent therapy and analyzed the relationship between time to treatment (TTT) and timely treatment (TT) with survival. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed consecutive cases of stage I-IIIA lung cancer deemed eligible for curative intent therapy at the VA San Diego Healthcare System between 10/2010-4/2017. We defined TTT as days from chest tumor board to treatment initiation and TT using guideline recommendations. We used multivariable (MVA) Cox proportional hazards regressions for survival analyses. RESULTS In 177 veterans, the median TTT was 35 days (29 days for chemoradiation, 36 for surgical resection, 42 for definitive radiation). TT occurred in 33% or 77% of patients when the most or least timely guideline recommendation was used, respectively. Patient characteristics associated with longer TTT included other cancer history, high simplified comorbidity score, stage I disease, and definitive radiation treatment. In MVA, TTT and TT [HR 0.53 (95% CI 0.27, 1.01) for least timely definition] were not associated with OS in stage I-IIIA patients, or disease-free survival in subgroup analyses of 122 stage I patients [HR 1.49 (0.62, 3.59) for least timely definition]. CONCLUSION Treatment was timely in 33-77% of veterans with lung cancer deemed eligible for curative intent therapy. TTT and TT were not associated with survival. The time interval between diagnosis and treatment may offer an opportunity to deliver or improve other cancer care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duc Ha
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.
| | - Andrew L Ries
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Philippe Montgrain
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States; Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Florin Vaida
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Family and Preventative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Svetlana Sheinkman
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Mark M Fuster
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States; Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
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13
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Ha D, Ries AL, Fuster MM. Time to treatment and survival in veterans with stage I-IIIA lung cancer eligible for curative intent therapy. J Clin Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2018.36.15_suppl.e20519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Duc Ha
- University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
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14
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Ha D, Ries AL, Mazzone PJ, Lippman SM, Fuster MM. Exercise capacity and cancer-specific quality of life following curative intent treatment of stage I-IIIA lung cancer. Support Care Cancer 2018; 26:2459-2469. [PMID: 29429006 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-018-4078-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Lung cancer survivors are at risk for health impairments resulting from the effects and/or treatment of lung cancer and comorbidities. Practical exercise capacity (EC) assessments can help identify impairments that would otherwise remain undetected. In this study, we characterized and analyzed the association between functional EC and cancer-specific quality of life (QoL) in lung cancer survivors who previously completed curative intent treatment. METHODS In a cross-sectional study of 62 lung cancer survivors who completed treatment ≥ 1 month previously, we assessed functional EC with the 6-min walk distance (6MWD) and cancer-specific QoL with the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer QoL Questionnaire Core 30 (EORTC-QLQ-C30). Cancer-specific QoL was defined using a validated composite EORTC-QLQ-C30 summary score. Univariable (UVA) and multivariable linear regression analyses (MVA) were performed to assess the relationship between functional EC and cancer-specific QoL. RESULTS Lung cancer survivors had reduced functional EC (mean 6MWD = 335 m, 65% predicted) and QoL (mean EORTC-QLQ-C30 summary score = 77, scale range 0-100). In UVA, 6MWD was significantly associated with cancer-specific QoL (R2 = 0.16, p = 0.001). In MVA, in a final model that also included heart failure, obstructive sleep apnea, and psychiatric illness, 6MWD was independently associated with cancer-specific QoL (partial R2 = 0.20, p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Functional EC was independently associated with cancer-specific QoL in lung cancer patients postcurative intent treatment. Exercise-based interventions aimed at improving EC may improve cancer-specific QoL in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duc Ha
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9300 Campus Point Drive, MC 7381, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
| | - Andrew L Ries
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9300 Campus Point Drive, MC 7381, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Peter J Mazzone
- Cleveland Clinic, Respiratory Institute, 9500 Euclid Avenue, MC A90, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Scott M Lippman
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0658, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Mark M Fuster
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9300 Campus Point Drive, MC 7381, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.,Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, VA San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, MC 111 J, San Diego, CA, 92161, USA
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15
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El Ghazal R, Yin X, Johns SC, Swanson L, Macal M, Ghosh P, Zuniga EI, Fuster MM. Glycan Sulfation Modulates Dendritic Cell Biology and Tumor Growth. Neoplasia 2017; 18:294-306. [PMID: 27237321 PMCID: PMC4887599 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In cancer, proteoglycans have been found to play roles in facilitating the actions of growth factors, and effecting matrix invasion and remodeling. However, little is known regarding the genetic and functional importance of glycan chains displayed by proteoglycans on dendritic cells (DCs) in cancer immunity. In lung carcinoma, among other solid tumors, tumor-associated DCs play largely subversive/suppressive roles, promoting tumor growth and progression. Herein, we show that targeting of DC glycan sulfation through mutation in the heparan sulfate biosynthetic enzyme N-deacetylase/N-sulfotransferase-1 (Ndst1) in mice increased DC maturation and inhibited trafficking of DCs to draining lymph nodes. Lymphatic-driven DC migration and chemokine (CCL21)-dependent activation of a major signaling pathway required for DC migration (as measured by phospho-Akt) were sensitive to Ndst1 mutation in DCs. Lewis lung carcinoma tumors in mice deficient in Ndst1 were reduced in size. Purified CD11c + cells from the tumors, which contain the tumor-infiltrating DC population, showed a similar phenotype in mutant cells. These features were replicated in mice deficient in syndecan-4, the major heparan sulfate proteoglycan expressed on the DC surface: Tumors were growth-impaired in syndecan-4–deficient mice and were characterized by increased infiltration by mature DCs. Tumors on the mutant background also showed greater infiltration by NK cells and NKT cells. These findings indicate the genetic importance of DC heparan sulfate proteoglycans in tumor growth and may guide therapeutic development of novel strategies to target syndecan-4 and heparan sulfate in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland El Ghazal
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, Medical and Research Sections, La Jolla, CA 92161; Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Xin Yin
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, Medical and Research Sections, La Jolla, CA 92161; Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, School of Pharmacy, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang, China
| | - Scott C Johns
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, Medical and Research Sections, La Jolla, CA 92161; Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Lee Swanson
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Monica Macal
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Pradipta Ghosh
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Elina I Zuniga
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Mark M Fuster
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, Medical and Research Sections, La Jolla, CA 92161; Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037; Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093.
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16
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Hepokoski M, Englert JA, Baron RM, Crotty-Alexander LE, Fuster MM, Beitler JR, Malhotra A, Singh P. Ventilator-induced lung injury increases expression of endothelial inflammatory mediators in the kidney. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2016; 312:F654-F660. [PMID: 28365585 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00523.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In critical illness, such as sepsis or the acute respiratory distress syndrome, acute kidney injury (AKI) is common and associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Mechanical ventilation in critical illnesses is also a risk factor for AKI, but it is potentially modifiable. Injurious ventilation strategies may lead to the systemic release of inflammatory mediators from the lung due to ventilator induced lung injury (VILI). The systemic consequences of VILI are difficult to differentiate clinically from other systemic inflammatory syndromes, such as sepsis. The purpose of this study was to identify unique changes in the expression of inflammatory mediators in kidney tissue in response to VILI compared with systemic sepsis to gain insight into direct effects of VILI on the kidney. Four groups of mice were compared-mice with sepsis from cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), mice subjected to injurious mechanical ventilation with high tidal volumes (VILI), mice exposed to CLP followed by VILI (CLP+VILI), and sham controls. Protein expression of common inflammatory mediators in kidneys was analyzed using a proteome array and confirmed by Western blot analysis or ELISA. VEGF and VCAM-1 were found to be significantly elevated in kidneys from VILI mice compared with sham and CLP. Angiopoietin-2 was significantly increased in CLP+VILI compared with CLP alone and was also correlated with higher levels of AKI biomarker, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin. These results suggest that VILI alters the renal expression of VEGF, VCAM-1, and angiopoietin-2, and these proteins warrant further investigation as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Hepokoski
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California.,Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California
| | - Joshua A Englert
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Rebecca M Baron
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Laura E Crotty-Alexander
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California.,Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California
| | - Mark M Fuster
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California.,Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California
| | - Jeremy R Beitler
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Atul Malhotra
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Prabhleen Singh
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California; .,Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
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17
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Li J, Fuster MM. Advances in lung cancer with a focus on ATS 2016 updates. J Thorac Dis 2016; 8:S566-8. [PMID: 27606096 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2016.07.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinghong Li
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Mark M Fuster
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; ; VA San Diego Healthcare System, Medical and Research Sections, La Jolla, CA 92093-9111, USA
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Block KI, Gyllenhaal C, Lowe L, Amedei A, Amin ARMR, Amin A, Aquilano K, Arbiser J, Arreola A, Arzumanyan A, Ashraf SS, Azmi AS, Benencia F, Bhakta D, Bilsland A, Bishayee A, Blain SW, Block PB, Boosani CS, Carey TE, Carnero A, Carotenuto M, Casey SC, Chakrabarti M, Chaturvedi R, Chen GZ, Chen H, Chen S, Chen YC, Choi BK, Ciriolo MR, Coley HM, Collins AR, Connell M, Crawford S, Curran CS, Dabrosin C, Damia G, Dasgupta S, DeBerardinis RJ, Decker WK, Dhawan P, Diehl AME, Dong JT, Dou QP, Drew JE, Elkord E, El-Rayes B, Feitelson MA, Felsher DW, Ferguson LR, Fimognari C, Firestone GL, Frezza C, Fujii H, Fuster MM, Generali D, Georgakilas AG, Gieseler F, Gilbertson M, Green MF, Grue B, Guha G, Halicka D, Helferich WG, Heneberg P, Hentosh P, Hirschey MD, Hofseth LJ, Holcombe RF, Honoki K, Hsu HY, Huang GS, Jensen LD, Jiang WG, Jones LW, Karpowicz PA, Keith WN, Kerkar SP, Khan GN, Khatami M, Ko YH, Kucuk O, Kulathinal RJ, Kumar NB, Kwon BS, Le A, Lea MA, Lee HY, Lichtor T, Lin LT, Locasale JW, Lokeshwar BL, Longo VD, Lyssiotis CA, MacKenzie KL, Malhotra M, Marino M, Martinez-Chantar ML, Matheu A, Maxwell C, McDonnell E, Meeker AK, Mehrmohamadi M, Mehta K, Michelotti GA, Mohammad RM, Mohammed SI, Morre DJ, Muralidhar V, Muqbil I, Murphy MP, Nagaraju GP, Nahta R, Niccolai E, Nowsheen S, Panis C, Pantano F, Parslow VR, Pawelec G, Pedersen PL, Poore B, Poudyal D, Prakash S, Prince M, Raffaghello L, Rathmell JC, Rathmell WK, Ray SK, Reichrath J, Rezazadeh S, Ribatti D, Ricciardiello L, Robey RB, Rodier F, Rupasinghe HPV, Russo GL, Ryan EP, Samadi AK, Sanchez-Garcia I, Sanders AJ, Santini D, Sarkar M, Sasada T, Saxena NK, Shackelford RE, Shantha Kumara HMC, Sharma D, Shin DM, Sidransky D, Siegelin MD, Signori E, Singh N, Sivanand S, Sliva D, Smythe C, Spagnuolo C, Stafforini DM, Stagg J, Subbarayan PR, Sundin T, Talib WH, Thompson SK, Tran PT, Ungefroren H, Vander Heiden MG, Venkateswaran V, Vinay DS, Vlachostergios PJ, Wang Z, Wellen KE, Whelan RL, Yang ES, Yang H, Yang X, Yaswen P, Yedjou C, Yin X, Zhu J, Zollo M. Designing a broad-spectrum integrative approach for cancer prevention and treatment. Semin Cancer Biol 2016; 35 Suppl:S276-S304. [PMID: 26590477 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2015.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Revised: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Targeted therapies and the consequent adoption of "personalized" oncology have achieved notable successes in some cancers; however, significant problems remain with this approach. Many targeted therapies are highly toxic, costs are extremely high, and most patients experience relapse after a few disease-free months. Relapses arise from genetic heterogeneity in tumors, which harbor therapy-resistant immortalized cells that have adopted alternate and compensatory pathways (i.e., pathways that are not reliant upon the same mechanisms as those which have been targeted). To address these limitations, an international task force of 180 scientists was assembled to explore the concept of a low-toxicity "broad-spectrum" therapeutic approach that could simultaneously target many key pathways and mechanisms. Using cancer hallmark phenotypes and the tumor microenvironment to account for the various aspects of relevant cancer biology, interdisciplinary teams reviewed each hallmark area and nominated a wide range of high-priority targets (74 in total) that could be modified to improve patient outcomes. For these targets, corresponding low-toxicity therapeutic approaches were then suggested, many of which were phytochemicals. Proposed actions on each target and all of the approaches were further reviewed for known effects on other hallmark areas and the tumor microenvironment. Potential contrary or procarcinogenic effects were found for 3.9% of the relationships between targets and hallmarks, and mixed evidence of complementary and contrary relationships was found for 7.1%. Approximately 67% of the relationships revealed potentially complementary effects, and the remainder had no known relationship. Among the approaches, 1.1% had contrary, 2.8% had mixed and 62.1% had complementary relationships. These results suggest that a broad-spectrum approach should be feasible from a safety standpoint. This novel approach has potential to be relatively inexpensive, it should help us address stages and types of cancer that lack conventional treatment, and it may reduce relapse risks. A proposed agenda for future research is offered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith I Block
- Block Center for Integrative Cancer Treatment, Skokie, IL, United States.
| | | | - Leroy Lowe
- Getting to Know Cancer, Truro, Nova Scotia, Canada; Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster, United Kingdom.
| | - Amedeo Amedei
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - A R M Ruhul Amin
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Amr Amin
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Katia Aquilano
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Jack Arbiser
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States; Atlanta Veterans Administration Medical Center, Atlanta, GA, United States; Department of Dermatology, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Alexandra Arreola
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Alla Arzumanyan
- Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - S Salman Ashraf
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Asfar S Azmi
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Fabian Benencia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
| | - Dipita Bhakta
- School of Chemical and Bio Technology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Anupam Bishayee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Larkin Health Sciences Institute, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Stacy W Blain
- Department of Pediatrics, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, United States
| | - Penny B Block
- Block Center for Integrative Cancer Treatment, Skokie, IL, United States
| | - Chandra S Boosani
- Department of BioMedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Thomas E Carey
- Head and Neck Cancer Biology Laboratory, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Amancio Carnero
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Seville, Spain
| | - Marianeve Carotenuto
- Centro di Ingegneria Genetica e Biotecnologia Avanzate, Naples, Italy; Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Stephanie C Casey
- Stanford University, Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Mrinmay Chakrabarti
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of South Carolina, School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Rupesh Chaturvedi
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Georgia Zhuo Chen
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Helen Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Michael Cuccione Childhood Cancer Research Program, Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sophie Chen
- Ovarian and Prostate Cancer Research Laboratory, Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Yi Charlie Chen
- Department of Biology, Alderson Broaddus University, Philippi, WV, United States
| | - Beom K Choi
- Cancer Immunology Branch, Division of Cancer Biology, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Helen M Coley
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew R Collins
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marisa Connell
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Michael Cuccione Childhood Cancer Research Program, Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sarah Crawford
- Cancer Biology Research Laboratory, Southern Connecticut State University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Colleen S Curran
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Charlotta Dabrosin
- Department of Oncology and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Giovanna Damia
- Department of Oncology, Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
| | - Santanu Dasgupta
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, the University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX, United States
| | - Ralph J DeBerardinis
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas - Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - William K Decker
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Punita Dhawan
- Department of Surgery and Cancer Biology, Division of Surgical Oncology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Anna Mae E Diehl
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Jin-Tang Dong
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Q Ping Dou
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Janice E Drew
- Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Eyad Elkord
- College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Bassel El-Rayes
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Mark A Feitelson
- Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Dean W Felsher
- Stanford University, Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Lynnette R Ferguson
- Discipline of Nutrition and Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Carmela Fimognari
- Dipartimento di Scienze per la Qualità della Vita Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, Rimini, Italy
| | - Gary L Firestone
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Christian Frezza
- Medical Research Council Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Hiromasa Fujii
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Mark M Fuster
- Medicine and Research Services, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System & University of California, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Daniele Generali
- Department of Medical, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy; Molecular Therapy and Pharmacogenomics Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Istituti Ospitalieri di Cremona, Cremona, Italy
| | - Alexandros G Georgakilas
- Physics Department, School of Applied Mathematics and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Frank Gieseler
- First Department of Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | | | - Michelle F Green
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Brendan Grue
- Departments of Environmental Science, Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Gunjan Guha
- School of Chemical and Bio Technology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Dorota Halicka
- Department of Pathology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
| | | | - Petr Heneberg
- Charles University in Prague, Third Faculty of Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Patricia Hentosh
- School of Medical Laboratory and Radiation Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, United States
| | - Matthew D Hirschey
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States; Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Lorne J Hofseth
- College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Randall F Holcombe
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Kanya Honoki
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Hsue-Yin Hsu
- Department of Life Sciences, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Gloria S Huang
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Lasse D Jensen
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Wen G Jiang
- Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Lee W Jones
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | | | | | - Sid P Kerkar
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | | | - Mahin Khatami
- Inflammation and Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (Retired), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Young H Ko
- University of Maryland BioPark, Innovation Center, KoDiscovery, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Omer Kucuk
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Rob J Kulathinal
- Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Nagi B Kumar
- Moffitt Cancer Center, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Byoung S Kwon
- Cancer Immunology Branch, Division of Cancer Biology, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea; Department of Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Anne Le
- The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Michael A Lea
- New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Ho-Young Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, South Korea
| | - Terry Lichtor
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Liang-Tzung Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jason W Locasale
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Bal L Lokeshwar
- Department of Medicine, Georgia Regents University Cancer Center, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Valter D Longo
- Andrus Gerontology Center, Division of Biogerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Costas A Lyssiotis
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Karen L MacKenzie
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Meenakshi Malhotra
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Maria Marino
- Department of Science, University Roma Tre, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria L Martinez-Chantar
- Metabolomic Unit, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Technology Park of Bizkaia, Bizkaia, Spain
| | | | - Christopher Maxwell
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Michael Cuccione Childhood Cancer Research Program, Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Eoin McDonnell
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Alan K Meeker
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Mahya Mehrmohamadi
- Field of Genetics, Genomics, and Development, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Kapil Mehta
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Gregory A Michelotti
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Ramzi M Mohammad
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Sulma I Mohammed
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - D James Morre
- Mor-NuCo, Inc, Purdue Research Park, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Vinayak Muralidhar
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Irfana Muqbil
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Michael P Murphy
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Wellcome Trust-MRC Building, Hills Road, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Rita Nahta
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | | | - Somaira Nowsheen
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Mayo Graduate School, Mayo Medical School, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Carolina Panis
- Laboratory of Inflammatory Mediators, State University of West Paraná, UNIOESTE, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Francesco Pantano
- Medical Oncology Department, University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | - Virginia R Parslow
- Discipline of Nutrition and Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Graham Pawelec
- Center for Medical Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Peter L Pedersen
- Departments of Biological Chemistry and Oncology, Member at Large, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Brad Poore
- The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Deepak Poudyal
- College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Satya Prakash
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Mark Prince
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | | | - Jeffrey C Rathmell
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - W Kimryn Rathmell
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Swapan K Ray
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of South Carolina, School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Jörg Reichrath
- Center for Clinical and Experimental Photodermatology, Clinic for Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, The Saarland University Hospital, Homburg, Germany
| | - Sarallah Rezazadeh
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Domenico Ribatti
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy & National Cancer Institute Giovanni Paolo II, Bari, Italy
| | - Luigi Ricciardiello
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - R Brooks Robey
- White River Junction Veterans Affairs Medical Center, White River Junction, VT, United States; Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, United States
| | - Francis Rodier
- Centre de Rechercher du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal and Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada; Université de Montréal, Département de Radiologie, Radio-Oncologie et Médicine Nucléaire, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - H P Vasantha Rupasinghe
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Gian Luigi Russo
- Institute of Food Sciences National Research Council, Avellino, Italy
| | - Elizabeth P Ryan
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | | | - Isidro Sanchez-Garcia
- Experimental Therapeutics and Translational Oncology Program, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC-Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Andrew J Sanders
- Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Daniele Santini
- Medical Oncology Department, University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | - Malancha Sarkar
- Department of Biology, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Tetsuro Sasada
- Department of Immunology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Neeraj K Saxena
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Rodney E Shackelford
- Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University, Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - H M C Shantha Kumara
- Department of Surgery, St. Luke's Roosevelt Hospital, New York, NY, United States
| | - Dipali Sharma
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Dong M Shin
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - David Sidransky
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Markus David Siegelin
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Emanuela Signori
- National Research Council, Institute of Translational Pharmacology, Rome, Italy
| | - Neetu Singh
- Advanced Molecular Science Research Centre (Centre for Advanced Research), King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sharanya Sivanand
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Daniel Sliva
- DSTest Laboratories, Purdue Research Park, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Carl Smythe
- Department of Biomedical Science, Sheffield Cancer Research Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Carmela Spagnuolo
- Institute of Food Sciences National Research Council, Avellino, Italy
| | - Diana M Stafforini
- Huntsman Cancer Institute and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - John Stagg
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Faculté de Pharmacie et Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Pochi R Subbarayan
- Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Tabetha Sundin
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Sentara Healthcare, Norfolk, VA, United States
| | - Wamidh H Talib
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Applied Science University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Sarah K Thompson
- Department of Surgery, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Phuoc T Tran
- Departments of Radiation Oncology & Molecular Radiation Sciences, Oncology and Urology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Hendrik Ungefroren
- First Department of Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Matthew G Vander Heiden
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Vasundara Venkateswaran
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Division of Urology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dass S Vinay
- Section of Clinical Immunology, Allergy, and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Panagiotis J Vlachostergios
- Department of Internal Medicine, New York University Lutheran Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, NY, United States
| | - Zongwei Wang
- Department of Urology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kathryn E Wellen
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Richard L Whelan
- Department of Surgery, St. Luke's Roosevelt Hospital, New York, NY, United States
| | - Eddy S Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Huanjie Yang
- The School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xujuan Yang
- University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States
| | - Paul Yaswen
- Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Clement Yedjou
- Department of Biology, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - Xin Yin
- Medicine and Research Services, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System & University of California, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Jiyue Zhu
- Washington State University College of Pharmacy, Spokane, WA, United States
| | - Massimo Zollo
- Centro di Ingegneria Genetica e Biotecnologia Avanzate, Naples, Italy; Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
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Johns SC, Yin X, Jeltsch M, Bishop JR, Schuksz M, El Ghazal R, Wilcox-Adelman SA, Alitalo K, Fuster MM. Functional Importance of a Proteoglycan Coreceptor in Pathologic Lymphangiogenesis. Circ Res 2016; 119:210-21. [PMID: 27225479 PMCID: PMC4938725 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.308504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Rationale: Lymphatic vessel growth is mediated by major prolymphangiogenic factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-C) and VEGF-D, among other endothelial effectors. Heparan sulfate is a linear polysaccharide expressed on proteoglycan core proteins on cell membranes and matrix, playing roles in angiogenesis, although little is known about any function(s) in lymphatic remodeling in vivo. Objective: To explore the genetic basis and mechanisms, whereby heparan sulfate proteoglycans mediate pathological lymphatic remodeling. Methods and Results: Lymphatic endothelial deficiency in the major heparan sulfate biosynthetic enzyme N-deacetylase/N-sulfotransferase-1 (Ndst1; involved in glycan-chain sulfation) was associated with reduced lymphangiogenesis in pathological models, including spontaneous neoplasia. Mouse mutants demonstrated tumor-associated lymphatic vessels with apoptotic nuclei. Mutant lymphatic endothelia demonstrated impaired mitogen (Erk) and survival (Akt) pathway signaling and reduced VEGF-C–mediated protection from starvation-induced apoptosis. Lymphatic endothelial-specific Ndst1 deficiency (in Ndst1f/fProx1+/CreERT2 mice) was sufficient to inhibit VEGF-C–dependent lymphangiogenesis. Lymphatic heparan sulfate deficiency reduced phosphorylation of the major lymphatic growth receptor VEGF receptor-3 in response to multiple VEGF-C species. Syndecan-4 was the dominantly expressed heparan sulfate proteoglycan in mouse lymphatic endothelia, and pathological lymphangiogenesis was impaired in Sdc4(−/−) mice. On the lymphatic cell surface, VEGF-C induced robust association between syndecan-4 and VEGF receptor-3, which was sensitive to glycan disruption. Moreover, VEGF receptor-3 mitogen and survival signaling was reduced in the setting of Ndst1 or Sdc4 deficiency. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate the genetic importance of heparan sulfate and the major lymphatic proteoglycan syndecan-4 in pathological lymphatic remodeling. This may introduce novel future strategies to alter pathological lymphatic-vascular remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott C Johns
- From the VA San Diego Healthcare System, Medical and Research Sections, La Jolla, CA (S.C.J., X.Y., R.E., M.M.F.); Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (S.C.J., X.Y., R.E., M.M.F.); Marine Drug Research Institute, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang, China (X.Y.); Translational Cancer Biology Research Program, Institute of Biomedicine (M.J.) and Helsinki University Central Hospital (K.A.), Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (J.R.B., M.S.); Biomatrix Center, New York University (S.A.W.-A.); and Translational Cancer Biology Research Program, Wihuri Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland (K.A.)
| | - Xin Yin
- From the VA San Diego Healthcare System, Medical and Research Sections, La Jolla, CA (S.C.J., X.Y., R.E., M.M.F.); Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (S.C.J., X.Y., R.E., M.M.F.); Marine Drug Research Institute, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang, China (X.Y.); Translational Cancer Biology Research Program, Institute of Biomedicine (M.J.) and Helsinki University Central Hospital (K.A.), Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (J.R.B., M.S.); Biomatrix Center, New York University (S.A.W.-A.); and Translational Cancer Biology Research Program, Wihuri Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland (K.A.)
| | - Michael Jeltsch
- From the VA San Diego Healthcare System, Medical and Research Sections, La Jolla, CA (S.C.J., X.Y., R.E., M.M.F.); Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (S.C.J., X.Y., R.E., M.M.F.); Marine Drug Research Institute, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang, China (X.Y.); Translational Cancer Biology Research Program, Institute of Biomedicine (M.J.) and Helsinki University Central Hospital (K.A.), Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (J.R.B., M.S.); Biomatrix Center, New York University (S.A.W.-A.); and Translational Cancer Biology Research Program, Wihuri Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland (K.A.)
| | - Joseph R Bishop
- From the VA San Diego Healthcare System, Medical and Research Sections, La Jolla, CA (S.C.J., X.Y., R.E., M.M.F.); Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (S.C.J., X.Y., R.E., M.M.F.); Marine Drug Research Institute, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang, China (X.Y.); Translational Cancer Biology Research Program, Institute of Biomedicine (M.J.) and Helsinki University Central Hospital (K.A.), Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (J.R.B., M.S.); Biomatrix Center, New York University (S.A.W.-A.); and Translational Cancer Biology Research Program, Wihuri Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland (K.A.)
| | - Manuela Schuksz
- From the VA San Diego Healthcare System, Medical and Research Sections, La Jolla, CA (S.C.J., X.Y., R.E., M.M.F.); Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (S.C.J., X.Y., R.E., M.M.F.); Marine Drug Research Institute, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang, China (X.Y.); Translational Cancer Biology Research Program, Institute of Biomedicine (M.J.) and Helsinki University Central Hospital (K.A.), Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (J.R.B., M.S.); Biomatrix Center, New York University (S.A.W.-A.); and Translational Cancer Biology Research Program, Wihuri Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland (K.A.)
| | - Roland El Ghazal
- From the VA San Diego Healthcare System, Medical and Research Sections, La Jolla, CA (S.C.J., X.Y., R.E., M.M.F.); Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (S.C.J., X.Y., R.E., M.M.F.); Marine Drug Research Institute, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang, China (X.Y.); Translational Cancer Biology Research Program, Institute of Biomedicine (M.J.) and Helsinki University Central Hospital (K.A.), Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (J.R.B., M.S.); Biomatrix Center, New York University (S.A.W.-A.); and Translational Cancer Biology Research Program, Wihuri Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland (K.A.)
| | - Sarah A Wilcox-Adelman
- From the VA San Diego Healthcare System, Medical and Research Sections, La Jolla, CA (S.C.J., X.Y., R.E., M.M.F.); Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (S.C.J., X.Y., R.E., M.M.F.); Marine Drug Research Institute, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang, China (X.Y.); Translational Cancer Biology Research Program, Institute of Biomedicine (M.J.) and Helsinki University Central Hospital (K.A.), Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (J.R.B., M.S.); Biomatrix Center, New York University (S.A.W.-A.); and Translational Cancer Biology Research Program, Wihuri Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland (K.A.)
| | - Kari Alitalo
- From the VA San Diego Healthcare System, Medical and Research Sections, La Jolla, CA (S.C.J., X.Y., R.E., M.M.F.); Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (S.C.J., X.Y., R.E., M.M.F.); Marine Drug Research Institute, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang, China (X.Y.); Translational Cancer Biology Research Program, Institute of Biomedicine (M.J.) and Helsinki University Central Hospital (K.A.), Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (J.R.B., M.S.); Biomatrix Center, New York University (S.A.W.-A.); and Translational Cancer Biology Research Program, Wihuri Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland (K.A.)
| | - Mark M Fuster
- From the VA San Diego Healthcare System, Medical and Research Sections, La Jolla, CA (S.C.J., X.Y., R.E., M.M.F.); Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (S.C.J., X.Y., R.E., M.M.F.); Marine Drug Research Institute, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang, China (X.Y.); Translational Cancer Biology Research Program, Institute of Biomedicine (M.J.) and Helsinki University Central Hospital (K.A.), Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (J.R.B., M.S.); Biomatrix Center, New York University (S.A.W.-A.); and Translational Cancer Biology Research Program, Wihuri Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland (K.A.).
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20
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Dyer DP, Salanga CL, Johns SC, Valdambrini E, Fuster MM, Milner CM, Day AJ, Handel TM. The Anti-inflammatory Protein TSG-6 Regulates Chemokine Function by Inhibiting Chemokine/Glycosaminoglycan Interactions. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:12627-12640. [PMID: 27044744 PMCID: PMC4933465 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.720953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
TNF-stimulated gene-6 (TSG-6) is a multifunctional protein secreted in response to pro-inflammatory stimuli by a wide range of cells, including neutrophils, monocytes, and endothelial cells. It has been shown to mediate anti-inflammatory and protective effects when administered in disease models, in part, by reducing neutrophil infiltration. Human TSG-6 inhibits neutrophil migration by binding CXCL8 through its Link module (Link_TSG6) and interfering with the presentation of CXCL8 on cell-surface glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), an interaction that is vital for the function of many chemokines. TSG-6 was also found to interact with chemokines CXCL11 and CCL5, suggesting the possibility that it may function as a broad specificity chemokine-binding protein, functionally similar to those encoded by viruses. This study was therefore undertaken to explore the ability of TSG-6 to regulate the function of other chemokines. Herein, we demonstrate that Link_TSG6 binds chemokines from both the CXC and CC families, including CXCL4, CXCL12, CCL2, CCL5, CCL7, CCL19, CCL21, and CCL27. We also show that the Link_TSG6-binding sites on chemokines overlap with chemokine GAG-binding sites, and that the affinities of Link_TSG6 for these chemokines (KD values 1–85 nm) broadly correlate with chemokine-GAG affinities. Link_TSG6 also inhibits chemokine presentation on endothelial cells not only through a direct interaction with chemokines but also by binding and therefore masking the availability of GAGs. Along with previous work, these findings suggest that TSG-6 functions as a pluripotent regulator of chemokines by modulating chemokine/GAG interactions, which may be a major mechanism by which TSG-6 produces its anti-inflammatory effects in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas P Dyer
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0684; Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Catherina L Salanga
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0684
| | - Scott C Johns
- Medical and Research Sections, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, California 92093; Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Elena Valdambrini
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom; Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Mark M Fuster
- Medical and Research Sections, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, California 92093; Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Caroline M Milner
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom.
| | - Anthony J Day
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom; Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom.
| | - Tracy M Handel
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0684.
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21
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Wang Z, Dabrosin C, Yin X, Fuster MM, Arreola A, Rathmell WK, Generali D, Nagaraju GP, El-Rayes B, Ribatti D, Chen YC, Honoki K, Fujii H, Georgakilas AG, Nowsheen S, Amedei A, Niccolai E, Amin A, Ashraf SS, Helferich B, Yang X, Guha G, Bhakta D, Ciriolo MR, Aquilano K, Chen S, Halicka D, Mohammed SI, Azmi AS, Bilsland A, Keith WN, Jensen LD. Broad targeting of angiogenesis for cancer prevention and therapy. Semin Cancer Biol 2015; 35 Suppl:S224-S243. [PMID: 25600295 PMCID: PMC4737670 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2015.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 312] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Revised: 12/25/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Deregulation of angiogenesis – the growth of new blood vessels from an existing vasculature – is a main driving force in many severe human diseases including cancer. As such, tumor angiogenesis is important for delivering oxygen and nutrients to growing tumors, and therefore considered an essential pathologic feature of cancer, while also playing a key role in enabling other aspects of tumor pathology such as metabolic deregulation and tumor dissemination/metastasis. Recently, inhibition of tumor angiogenesis has become a clinical anti-cancer strategy in line with chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery, which underscore the critical importance of the angiogenic switch during early tumor development. Unfortunately the clinically approved anti-angiogenic drugs in use today are only effective in a subset of the patients, and many who initially respond develop resistance over time. Also, some of the anti-angiogenic drugs are toxic and it would be of great importance to identify alternative compounds, which could overcome these drawbacks and limitations of the currently available therapy. Finding “the most important target” may, however, prove a very challenging approach as the tumor environment is highly diverse, consisting of many different cell types, all of which may contribute to tumor angiogenesis. Furthermore, the tumor cells themselves are genetically unstable, leading to a progressive increase in the number of different angiogenic factors produced as the cancer progresses to advanced stages. As an alternative approach to targeted therapy, options to broadly interfere with angiogenic signals by a mixture of non-toxic natural compound with pleiotropic actions were viewed by this team as an opportunity to develop a complementary anti-angiogenesis treatment option. As a part of the “Halifax Project” within the “Getting to know cancer” framework, we have here, based on a thorough review of the literature, identified 10 important aspects of tumor angiogenesis and the pathological tumor vasculature which would be well suited as targets for anti-angiogenic therapy: (1) endothelial cell migration/tip cell formation, (2) structural abnormalities of tumor vessels, (3) hypoxia, (4) lymphangiogenesis, (5) elevated interstitial fluid pressure, (6) poor perfusion, (7) disrupted circadian rhythms, (8) tumor promoting inflammation, (9) tumor promoting fibroblasts and (10) tumor cell metabolism/acidosis. Following this analysis, we scrutinized the available literature on broadly acting anti-angiogenic natural products, with a focus on finding qualitative information on phytochemicals which could inhibit these targets and came up with 10 prototypical phytochemical compounds: (1) oleanolic acid, (2) tripterine, (3) silibinin, (4) curcumin, (5) epigallocatechin-gallate, (6) kaempferol, (7) melatonin, (8) enterolactone, (9) withaferin A and (10) resveratrol. We suggest that these plant-derived compounds could be combined to constitute a broader acting and more effective inhibitory cocktail at doses that would not be likely to cause excessive toxicity. All the targets and phytochemical approaches were further cross-validated against their effects on other essential tumorigenic pathways (based on the “hallmarks” of cancer) in order to discover possible synergies or potentially harmful interactions, and were found to generally also have positive involvement in/effects on these other aspects of tumor biology. The aim is that this discussion could lead to the selection of combinations of such anti-angiogenic compounds which could be used in potent anti-tumor cocktails, for enhanced therapeutic efficacy, reduced toxicity and circumvention of single-agent anti-angiogenic resistance, as well as for possible use in primary or secondary cancer prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongwei Wang
- Department of Urology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Charlotta Dabrosin
- Department of Oncology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Xin Yin
- Medicine and Research Services, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System & University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Mark M Fuster
- Medicine and Research Services, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System & University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Alexandra Arreola
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - W Kimryn Rathmell
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Daniele Generali
- Molecular Therapy and Pharmacogenomics Unit, AO Isituti Ospitalieri di Cremona, Cremona, Italy
| | - Ganji P Nagaraju
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Bassel El-Rayes
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Domenico Ribatti
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy; National Cancer Institute Giovanni Paolo II, Bari, Italy
| | - Yi Charlie Chen
- Department of Biology, Alderson Broaddus University, Philippi, WV, USA
| | - Kanya Honoki
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Arthroplasty and Regenerative Medicine, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Fujii
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Arthroplasty and Regenerative Medicine, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | - Alexandros G Georgakilas
- Physics Department, School of Applied Mathematics and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Somaira Nowsheen
- Mayo Graduate School, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Amedeo Amedei
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Elena Niccolai
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Amr Amin
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirate University, United Arab Emirates; Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - S Salman Ashraf
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, United Arab Emirate University, United Arab Emirates
| | - Bill Helferich
- University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Xujuan Yang
- University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Gunjan Guha
- School of Chemical and Bio Technology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Dipita Bhakta
- School of Chemical and Bio Technology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, India
| | | | - Katia Aquilano
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Sophie Chen
- Ovarian and Prostate Cancer Research Trust Laboratory, Guilford, Surrey, UK
| | | | - Sulma I Mohammed
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Asfar S Azmi
- School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Alan Bilsland
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - W Nicol Keith
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Lasse D Jensen
- Department of Medical, and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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22
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Yin X, Johns SC, Kim D, Mikulski Z, Salanga CL, Handel TM, Macal M, Zúñiga EI, Fuster MM. Lymphatic specific disruption in the fine structure of heparan sulfate inhibits dendritic cell traffic and functional T cell responses in the lymph node. J Immunol 2014; 192:2133-42. [PMID: 24493818 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1301286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are potent APCs essential for initiating adaptive immunity. Following pathogen exposure, trafficking of DCs to lymph nodes (LNs) through afferent lymphatic vessels constitutes a crucial step in the execution of their functions. The mechanisms regulating this process are poorly understood, although the involvement of certain chemokines in this process has recently been reported. In this study, we demonstrate that genetically altering the fine structure (N-sulfation) of heparan sulfate (HS) specifically in mouse lymphatic endothelium significantly reduces DC trafficking to regional LNs in vivo. Moreover, this alteration had the unique functional consequence of reducing CD8(+) T cell proliferative responses in draining LNs in an ovalbumin immunization model. Mechanistic studies suggested that lymphatic endothelial HS regulates multiple steps during DC trafficking, including optimal presentation of chemokines on the surface of DCs, thus acting as a co-receptor that may function "in trans" to mediate chemokine receptor binding. This study not only identifies novel glycan-mediated mechanisms that regulate lymphatic DC trafficking, but it also validates the fine structure of lymphatic vascular-specific HS as a novel molecular target for strategies aiming to modulate DC behavior and/or alter pathologic T cell responses in lymph nodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yin
- Marine Drug Research Institute, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang 222005, China
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23
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Haidar YM, Rahn DA, Nath S, Song W, Bazhenova L, Makani S, Fuster MM, Sandhu AP. Comparison of outcomes following stereotactic body radiotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer in patients with and without pathological confirmation. Ther Adv Respir Dis 2013; 8:3-12. [PMID: 24334338 DOI: 10.1177/1753465813512545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE Treatment of presumed early-stage lung cancer with definitive radiation therapy in the absence of a pathologically confirmed specimen frequently occurs. However, it is not well described in the literature, and there are few North American series reporting on this patient population. We report outcomes in patients treated with stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for presumed lung cancer and compare them to outcomes in patients treated with SBRT with pathologically confirmed non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). MATERIALS/METHODS This study is based on a retrospective review of 55 patients with presumed or confirmed lung cancer: 23 patients had nondiagnostic or absent pathologic specimens while 32 patients had pathologically confirmed NSCLC. All patients had hypermetabolic primary lesions on a positron emission tomography (PET) or PET/computed tomography (CT) scan. SBRT was delivered as 48-56 Gy in four to five fractions via a four-dimensional CT treatment plan. RESULTS Of the patients without pathological confirmation, the mean age was 78 (range 63-89 years) and 17 (74%) were men. The mean tumor size was 2.5 cm (range 1.0-5.1). Reasons for not having confirmed pathologic diagnosis included indeterminate biopsy specimen or an inability to tolerate a biopsy procedure due to poor respiratory status. SBRT was chosen due to noncandidacy for surgery in 17 patients (74%) or patient refusal of surgery in six (26%). Median follow up was 24.2 months (range 1.9-64.6): 2 of the 23 patients (8.7%) had local failure at the site of SBRT and 3 (13%) had regional failure. The actuarial 12-month overall survival was 83%. The median overall survival was 30.2 months. At last follow up, 12 patients (52%) were alive up to 64.6 months after treatment. SBRT was tolerated well in this series. Acute toxicity was noted in two patients (8.7%) and chronic toxicity in three (13%). These patient characteristics and results were shown to be similar to the 32 patients with pathologically confirmed NSCLC. On Kaplan-Meier analysis, there was no significant difference (p = 0.27) in overall survival between patients with pathologically confirmed NSCLC and those with presumed lung cancer (which was deemed most likely NSCLC). CONCLUSION While biopsy confirmation remains a goal in the workup of suspected NSCLC, SBRT without pathologic confirmation may represent a safe and effective option for the treatment of presumed NSCLC among patients who cannot tolerate or refuse surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yarah M Haidar
- School of Medicine, Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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24
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Sandhu AP, Lau SKM, Rahn D, Nath SK, Kim D, Song WY, Gulaya S, Fuster MM, Bazhenova L, Mundt AJ. Stereotactic body radiation therapy in octogenarians with stage I lung cancer. Clin Lung Cancer 2013; 15:131-5. [PMID: 24157245 DOI: 10.1016/j.cllc.2013.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Revised: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to describe our clinical experience using stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) to treat medically inoperable stage I non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in very elderly patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS Twenty-four consecutive octogenarians with stage I NSCLC were treated with SBRT between 2007 and 2011 at a single center. Median prescription dose was 48 Gy (range, 48-56). Follow-up clinical examination and computed tomography (CT) were performed every 2 to 3 months. RESULTS Median age was 85 years (range, 80-89). Twenty-three (96%) patients had peripheral tumors, and median tumor size was 22 mm (range, 11-49). Tissue diagnosis was obtained in 16 (67%) patients. Median follow-up for all patients was 27.6 months (range, 4.3-61.2). The 24-month disease-free survival was 77% (95% confidence interval [CI], 61%-97%). The 24-month overall survival (OS) was 74% (95% CI, 57%-94%). No local failure (LF) was observed during the period of observation. Nodal failure (NF) and distant failure (DF) occurred in 2 and 4 patients, respectively. The cumulative incidence of competing mortality at 24 months was estimated at 13% (95% CI, 3%-30%). No difference in outcomes with or without tissue diagnosis was observed. No grade ≥ 3 early or late treatment-related toxicities were observed. CONCLUSION Octogenarians tolerate SBRT well, which makes it an attractive treatment option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay P Sandhu
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, Moores University of California San Diego Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA.
| | - Steven K M Lau
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, Moores University of California San Diego Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA
| | - Douglas Rahn
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, Moores University of California San Diego Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA
| | - Sameer K Nath
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, Moores University of California San Diego Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA
| | - Daniel Kim
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, Moores University of California San Diego Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA
| | - William Y Song
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, Moores University of California San Diego Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA
| | - Sachin Gulaya
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, Moores University of California San Diego Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA
| | - Mark M Fuster
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, VA San Diego Healthcare System and Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Lyudmila Bazhenova
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Arno J Mundt
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, Moores University of California San Diego Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA
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25
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Kim D, Fuster MM, Nath SK, Bharne A, Read W, Bazhenova L, Song WY, Mundt AJ, Sandhu AP. Clinical outcomes following image-guided stereotactic body radiation for pulmonary oligometastases. J Radiosurg SBRT 2012; 1:317-325. [PMID: 29296332 PMCID: PMC5658866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2012] [Accepted: 04/19/2012] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT AND FUNDING This work was made possible by funding from NIH grant T32 RR023254; Salary support for Dr M.M. Fuster was provided by the Department of Veterans Affairs (BLR&D CDTA Career Development Award). KEYWORDS Pulmonary metastases; oligometastases; stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT); frameless SBRT. BACKGROUND Lung is a common site of extracranial metastases. Frameless Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT) is a promising new therapy for unresectable neoplastic lung lesions used at our institution. METHODS A retrospective study of 21 patients and 33 lesions treated with SBRT was done. Local control (LC), distant control (DC), progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method. Potential prognostic factors were analyzed using the log-rank test and Cox regression. Toxicities were also reported. RESULTS Actuarial local control rates by lesions were 88% (95% confidence interval [CI], 77-99%) and 76% (95% CI, 59-92%) at 12-and 24-months, respectively. Actuarial local control rates by patients was 80% (95% CI, 62-98%) and 71% (95% CI, 43-100%) for 12- and 24-months, respectively. DC rates were 52% (95% CI 31-74%) and 38% (95% CI, 15-61%), at 12- and 24-months respectively. PFS rates were 52% (95% CI 31-74%) and 32% (95% CI 9-55%) at 12- and 24-months, respectively. Overall survival rates were 90% (95% CI 77-100%) and 78% (95% CI 59-97%) at 12- and 24-months, respectively. Single metastasis was associated with better PFS (p=0.023). No toxicities greater than CTCAE grade 3 were observed. CONCLUSIONS Frameless SBRT achieves acceptable control in pulmonary metastatic lesions with an excellent toxicity profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Kim
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology
- VA San Diego Healthcare System
| | - Mark M Fuster
- VA San Diego Healthcare System
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine; University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Sameer K Nath
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology
- Center for Advanced Radiotherapy Technologies
| | - Anjali Bharne
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology
| | - William Read
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology
| | | | - William Y Song
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology
- Center for Advanced Radiotherapy Technologies
| | - Arno J Mundt
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology
- Center for Advanced Radiotherapy Technologies
| | - Ajay P Sandhu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Moores UCSD Cancer Center
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Kim D, Fuster MM, Nath SK, Bharne A, Read W, Bazhenova L, Song WY, Mundt AJ, Sandhu AP. Clinical outcomes following image-guided stereotactic body radiation for pulmonary oligometastases. J Radiosurg SBRT 2012; 2:63-72. [PMID: 29296343 PMCID: PMC5658854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2012] [Accepted: 04/27/2012] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The lung is a common site of extracranial metastases. Frameless Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT) is a promising new therapy for non surgically resectable neoplastic lung lesions used at our institution. METHODS A retrospective study of 21 patients and 33 lesions treated with SBRT was done. Local control (LC), distant control (DC), progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method. Potential prognostic factors were analyzed using the log-rank test and Cox regression. Toxicities were also reported. RESULTS Actuarial local control rates by lesions were 88% (95% confidence interval [CI], 77-99%) and 76% (95% CI, 59-92%) at 12-and 24-months, respectively. Actuarial local control rates by patients was 80% (95% CI, 62-98%) and 71% (95% CI, 43-100%) for 12- and 24-months, respectively. DC rates were 52% (95% CI 31-74%) and 38% (95% CI, 15-61%), at 12- and 24-months respectively. PFS rates were 52% (95% CI 31-74%) and 32% (95% CI 9-55%) at 12- and 24-months, respectively. Overall survival rates were 90% (95% CI 77-100%) and 78% (95% CI 59-97%) at 12- and 24-months, respectively. Single metastasis was associated with better PFS (p=0.023). No toxicities greater than CTCAE grade 3 were observed. CONCLUSIONS Frameless SBRT achieves acceptable control in pulmonary metastatic lesions with an excellent toxicity profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Kim
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology
- VA San Diego Healthcare System
| | - Mark M Fuster
- VA San Diego Healthcare System
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine; University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sameer K Nath
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology
- Center for Advanced Radiotherapy Technologies; and
| | - Anjali Bharne
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology
| | - William Read
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology
| | | | - William Y Song
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology
- Center for Advanced Radiotherapy Technologies; and
| | - Arno J Mundt
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology
- Center for Advanced Radiotherapy Technologies; and
| | - Ajay P Sandhu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Moores UCSD Cancer Center
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27
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Yin X, Johns SC, Lawrence R, Xu D, Reddi K, Bishop JR, Varner JA, Fuster MM. Lymphatic endothelial heparan sulfate deficiency results in altered growth responses to vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C). J Biol Chem 2011; 286:14952-62. [PMID: 21343305 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.206664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth and remodeling of lymphatic vasculature occur during development and during various pathologic states. A major stimulus for this process is the unique lymphatic vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C). Other endothelial growth factors, such as fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) or VEGF-A, may also contribute. Heparan sulfate is a linear sulfated polysaccharide that facilitates binding and action of some vascular growth factors such as FGF-2 and VEGF-A. However, a direct role for heparan sulfate in lymphatic endothelial growth and sprouting responses, including those mediated by VEGF-C, remains to be examined. We demonstrate that VEGF-C binds to heparan sulfate purified from primary lymphatic endothelia, and activation of lymphatic endothelial Erk1/2 in response to VEGF-C is reduced by interference with heparin or pretreatment of cells with heparinase, which destroys heparan sulfate. Such treatment also inhibited phosphorylation of the major VEGF-C receptor VEGFR-3 upon VEGF-C stimulation. Silencing lymphatic heparan sulfate chain biosynthesis inhibited VEGF-C-mediated Erk1/2 activation and abrogated VEGFR-3 receptor-dependent binding of VEGF-C to the lymphatic endothelial surface. These findings prompted targeting of lymphatic N-deacetylase/N-sulfotransferase-1 (Ndst1), a major sulfate-modifying heparan sulfate biosynthetic enzyme. VEGF-C-mediated Erk1/2 phosphorylation was inhibited in Ndst1-silenced lymphatic endothelia, and scratch-assay responses to VEGF-C and FGF-2 were reduced in Ndst1-deficient cells. In addition, lymphatic Ndst1 deficiency abrogated cell-based growth and proliferation responses to VEGF-C. In other studies, lymphatic endothelia cultured ex vivo from Ndst1 gene-targeted mice demonstrated reduced VEGF-C- and FGF-2-mediated sprouting in collagen matrix. Lymphatic heparan sulfate may represent a novel molecular target for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yin
- Medicine and Research Services, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California 92161, USA
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28
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Yin X, Truty J, Lawrence R, Johns SC, Srinivasan RS, Handel TM, Fuster MM. A critical role for lymphatic endothelial heparan sulfate in lymph node metastasis. Mol Cancer 2010; 9:316. [PMID: 21172016 PMCID: PMC3019167 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-9-316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2010] [Accepted: 12/20/2010] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lymph node metastasis constitutes a key event in tumor progression. The molecular control of this process is poorly understood. Heparan sulfate is a linear polysaccharide consisting of unique sulfate-modified disaccharide repeats that allow the glycan to bind a variety of proteins, including chemokines. While some chemokines may drive lymphatic trafficking of tumor cells, the functional and genetic importance of heparan sulfate as a possible mediator of chemokine actions in lymphatic metastasis has not been reported. RESULTS We applied a loss-of-function genetic approach employing lymphatic endothelial conditional mutations in heparan sulfate biosynthesis to study the effects on tumor-lymphatic trafficking and lymph node metastasis. Lymphatic endothelial deficiency in N-deacetylase/N-sulfotransferase-1 (Ndst1), a key enzyme involved in sulfating nascent heparan sulfate chains, resulted in altered lymph node metastasis in tumor-bearing gene targeted mice. This occurred in mice harboring either a pan-endothelial Ndst1 mutation or an inducible lymphatic-endothelial specific mutation in Ndst1. In addition to a marked reduction in tumor metastases to the regional lymph nodes in mutant mice, specific immuno-localization of CCL21, a heparin-binding chemokine known to regulate leukocyte and possibly tumor-cell traffic, showed a marked reduction in its ability to associate with tumor cells in mutant lymph nodes. In vitro modified chemotaxis studies targeting heparan sulfate biosynthesis in lymphatic endothelial cells revealed that heparan sulfate secreted by lymphatic endothelium is required for CCL21-dependent directional migration of murine as well as human lung carcinoma cells toward the targeted lymphatic endothelium. Lymphatic heparan sulfate was also required for binding of CCL21 to its receptor CCR7 on tumor cells as well as the activation of migration signaling pathways in tumor cells exposed to lymphatic conditioned medium. Finally, lymphatic cell-surface heparan sulfate facilitated receptor-dependent binding and concentration of CCL21 on the lymphatic endothelium, thereby serving as a mechanism to generate lymphatic chemokine gradients. CONCLUSIONS This work demonstrates the genetic importance of host lymphatic heparan sulfate in mediating chemokine dependent tumor-cell traffic in the lymphatic microenvironment. The impact on chemokine dependent lymphatic metastasis may guide novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
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29
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Xu D, Fuster MM, Lawrence R, Esko JD. Heparan sulfate regulates VEGF165- and VEGF121-mediated vascular hyperpermeability. J Biol Chem 2010; 286:737-45. [PMID: 20974861 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.177006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
VEGF was first described as vascular permeability factor, a potent inducer of vascular leakage. Genetic evidence indicates that VEGF-stimulated endothelial proliferation in vitro and angiogenesis in vivo depend on heparan sulfate, but a requirement for heparan sulfate in vascular hyperpermeability has not been explored. Here we show that altering endothelial cell heparan sulfate biosynthesis in vivo decreases hyperpermeability induced by both VEGF(165) and VEGF(121). Because VEGF(121) does not bind heparan sulfate, the requirement for heparan sulfate suggested that it interacted with VEGF receptors rather than the ligand. By applying proximity ligation assays to primary brain endothelial cells, we show a direct interaction in situ between heparan sulfate and the VEGF receptor, VEGFR2. Furthermore, the number of heparan sulfate-VEGFR2 complexes increased in response to both VEGF(165) and VEGF(121). Genetic or heparin lyase-mediated alteration of endothelial heparan sulfate attenuated phosphorylation of VEGFR2 in response to VEGF(165) and VEGF(121), suggesting that the functional VEGF receptor complex contains heparan sulfate. Pharmacological blockade of heparan sulfate-protein interactions inhibited hyperpermeability in vivo, suggesting heparan sulfate as a potential target for treating hyperpermeability associated with ischemic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding Xu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0687, USA
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Abstract
Heparan sulfate (HS) is a linear polysaccharide composed of 50-200 glucosamine and uronic acid (glucuronic acid or iduronic acid) disaccharide repeats with epimerization and various sulfation modifications. HS is covalently attached to core proteins to form HS-proteoglycans. Most of the functions of HS-proteoglycans are mediated by their HS moieties. The biosynthesis of HS is initiated by chain polymerization and is followed by stepwise modification reactions, including sulfation and epimerization. These modifications generate ligand-binding sites that modulate cell functions and activities of proteinases and/or proteinase inhibitors. HS is abundantly expressed in developing and mature vasculature, and understanding its roles in vascular biology and related human diseases is an area of intense investigation. In this chapter, we summarize the significant recent advances in our understanding of the roles of HS in developmental and pathological angiogenesis with a major focus on studies using transgenic as well as gene knockout/knockdown models in mice and zebrafish. These studies have revealed that HS critically regulates angiogenesis by playing a proangiogenic role, and this regulatory function critically depends on HS fine structure. The latter is responsible for facilitating cell-surface binding of various proangiogenic growth factors that in turn mediate endothelial growth signaling. In cancer, mouse studies have revealed important roles for endothelial cell-surface HS as well as matrix-associated HS, wherein signaling by multiple growth factors as well as matrix storage of growth factors may be regulated by HS. We also discuss important mediators that may fine-tune such regulation, such as heparanase and sulfatases; and models wherein targeting HS (or core protein) biosynthesis may affect tumor growth and vascularization. Finally, the importance of targeting HS in other human diseases wherein angiogenesis may play pathophysiologic (or even therapeutic) roles is considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark M Fuster
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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Sandhu AP, Messer K, Fuster MM, Ahmad E, Pu M, Bazhenova L, Rose M, Seagren S. Definitive Radiation Therapy for Stage I Non–Small-Cell Lung Carcinoma: Institutional Experience With Contemporary Conformal Planning. Clin Lung Cancer 2009; 10:433-7. [DOI: 10.3816/clc.2009.n.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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32
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Zuberi RI, Ge XN, Jiang S, Bahaie NS, Kang BN, Hosseinkhani RM, Frenzel EM, Fuster MM, Esko JD, Rao SP, Sriramarao P. Deficiency of endothelial heparan sulfates attenuates allergic airway inflammation. J Immunol 2009; 183:3971-9. [PMID: 19710461 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0901604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The effect of targeted inactivation of the gene encoding N-deacetylase/N-sulfotransferase-1 (Ndst1), a key enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of heparan sulfate (HS) chains, on the inflammatory response associated with allergic inflammation in a murine model of OVA-induced acute airway inflammation was investigated. OVA-exposed Ndst1(f/f)TekCre(+) (mutant) mice deficient in endothelial and leukocyte Ndst1 demonstrated significantly decreased allergen-induced airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation characterized by a significant reduction in airway recruitment of inflammatory cells (eosinophils, macrophages, neutrophils, and lymphocytes), diminished IL-5, IL-2, TGF-beta1, and eotaxin levels, as well as decreased expression of TGF-beta1 and the angiogenic protein FIZZ1 (found in inflammatory zone 1) in lung tissue compared with OVA-exposed Ndst1(f/f)TekCre(-) wild-type littermates. Furthermore, murine eosinophils demonstrated significantly decreased rolling on lung endothelial cells (ECs) from mutant mice compared with wild-type ECs under conditions of flow in vitro. Treatment of wild-type ECs, but not eosinophils, with anti-HS Abs significantly inhibited eosinophil rolling, mimicking that observed with Ndst1-deficient ECs. In vivo, trafficking of circulating leukocytes in lung microvessels of allergen-challenged Ndst1-deficient mice was significantly lower than that observed in corresponding WT littermates. Endothelial-expressed HS plays an important role in allergic airway inflammation through the regulation of recruitment of inflammatory cells to the airways by mediating interaction of leukocytes with the vascular endothelium. Furthermore, HS may also participate by sequestering and modulating the activity of allergic asthma-relevant mediators such as IL-5, IL-2, and TGF-beta1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riaz I Zuberi
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108, USA
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33
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Fuster MM, Wang L, Castagnola J, Sikora L, Reddi K, Lee PH, Radek KA, Schuksz M, Bishop JR, Gallo RL, Sriramarao P, Esko JD. Genetic alteration of endothelial heparan sulfate selectively inhibits tumor angiogenesis. J Exp Med 2007. [DOI: 10.1084/jem2045oia16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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34
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Fuster MM, Wang L, Castagnola J, Sikora L, Reddi K, Lee PHA, Radek KA, Schuksz M, Bishop JR, Gallo RL, Sriramarao P, Esko JD. Genetic alteration of endothelial heparan sulfate selectively inhibits tumor angiogenesis. J Cell Biol 2007; 177:539-49. [PMID: 17470635 PMCID: PMC2064806 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.200610086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2006] [Accepted: 03/26/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
To examine the role of endothelial heparan sulfate during angiogenesis, we generated mice bearing an endothelial-targeted deletion in the biosynthetic enzyme N-acetylglucosamine N-deacetylase/N-sulfotransferase 1 (Ndst1). Physiological angiogenesis during cutaneous wound repair was unaffected, as was growth and reproductive capacity of the mice. In contrast, pathological angiogenesis in experimental tumors was altered, resulting in smaller tumors and reduced microvascular density and branching. To simulate the angiogenic environment of the tumor, endothelial cells were isolated and propagated in vitro with proangiogenic growth factors. Binding of FGF-2 and VEGF(164) to cells and to purified heparan sulfate was dramatically reduced. Mutant endothelial cells also exhibited altered sprouting responses to FGF-2 and VEGF(164), reduced Erk phosphorylation, and an increase in apoptosis in branching assays. Corresponding changes in growth factor binding to tumor endothelium and apoptosis were also observed in vivo. These findings demonstrate a cell-autonomous effect of heparan sulfate on endothelial cell growth in the context of tumor angiogenesis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Apoptosis/genetics
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Endothelium, Vascular/enzymology
- Endothelium, Vascular/pathology
- Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases/metabolism
- Fibroblast Growth Factor 2/pharmacology
- Heparitin Sulfate/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Mutant Strains
- Neoplasm Proteins/deficiency
- Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism
- Neoplasms, Experimental/enzymology
- Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics
- Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/enzymology
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/genetics
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/pathology
- Organ Specificity/genetics
- Phosphorylation/drug effects
- Sulfotransferases/deficiency
- Sulfotransferases/metabolism
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark M Fuster
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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Abstract
PURPOSE The binding of hematogenously borne malignant cells that express the carbohydrate sialyl Lewis X (sLe(X)) to selectin adhesion receptors on leukocytes, platelets, and endothelial cells facilitates metastasis. The glycosylation inhibitor, per-O-acetylated GlcNAcbeta1,3Galbeta-O-naphthalenemethanol (AcGnG-NM), inhibits the biosynthesis of sLe(X) in tumor cells. To evaluate the efficacy of AcGnG-NM as an antimetastatic agent, we examined its effect on experimental metastasis and on spontaneous hematogenous dissemination of murine Lewis lung carcinoma and B16BL6 melanoma cells. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Tumor cells were treated in vitro with AcGnG-NM, and the degree of selectin ligand inhibition and experimental metastasis was analyzed in wild-type and P-selectin-deficient mice. Conditions were developed for systemic administration of AcGnG-NM, and the presence of tumor cells in the lungs was assessed using bromodeoxyuridine labeling in vivo. The effect of AcGnG-NM on inflammation was examined using an acute peritonitis model. RESULTS In vitro treatment of Lewis lung carcinoma cells with AcGnG-NM reduced expression of sLe(X)- and P-selectin-dependent cell adhesion to plates coated with P-selectin. Treatment also reduced formation of lung foci when cells were injected into syngeneic mice. Systemic administration of the disaccharide significantly inhibited spontaneous dissemination of the cells to the lungs from a primary s.c. tumor, whereas an acetylated disaccharide not related to sLe(X) in structure had no effect. AcGnG-NM did not alter the level of circulating leukocytes or platelets, the expression of P-selectin ligands on neutrophils, or sLe(X)-dependent inflammation. CONCLUSION Taken together, these data show that AcGnG-NM provides a targeted glycoside-based therapy for the treatment of hematogenous dissemination of tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian R Brown
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla 92093-0687, USA
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36
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Abstract
A growing body of evidence supports crucial roles for glycans at various pathophysiological steps of tumour progression. Glycans regulate tumour proliferation, invasion, haematogenous metastasis and angiogenesis, and increased understanding of these roles sets the stage for developing pharmaceutical agents that target these molecules. Such novel agents might be used alone or in combination with operative and/or chemoradiation strategies for treating cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark M Fuster
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92093-0687, USA
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Brown JR, Fuster MM, Whisenant T, Esko JD. Expression patterns of alpha 2,3-sialyltransferases and alpha 1,3-fucosyltransferases determine the mode of sialyl Lewis X inhibition by disaccharide decoys. J Biol Chem 2003; 278:23352-9. [PMID: 12686549 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m303093200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A variety of human adenocarcinomas express sialylated, fucosylated Lewis blood group antigens on cell surface and secreted mucins. Binding of these antigens to P-selectin on platelets is thought to facilitate formation of platelet-tumor emboli in the circulation, which in turn allows sequestration of the tumor cells in the microvasculature. Here we report a pharmacologic approach for blocking these interactions through metabolic inhibition of sialylation. Peracetylated forms of Galbeta1,4GlcNAcbeta-O-naphthalenemethanol and GlcNAcbeta1,3Galbeta-O-naphthalenemethanol were taken up by LS180 human colon carcinoma cells, O-deacetylated, and utilized as biosynthetic intermediates, resulting in heterogeneous oligosaccharides. The primed oligosaccharides included sialylated, sulfated, and fucosylated products based on mass spectrometry. Assembly of free oligosaccharides on the glycosides decoyed glycosylation of cellular glycoproteins, as assessed by altered binding of lectins and carbohydrate-specific antibodies. Expression of alpha2,3-sialylated oligosaccharides on the cell surface was diminished specifically, whereas alpha2,6-sialylation and fucosylation were not. In U937 lymphoma cells, the glycosides decreased fucosylation without affecting sialylation. The differential inhibitory activities correlated inversely with fucosyltransferase and sialyltransferase activity based on enzyme assays and microarray analysis. Regardless of the mechanism, the disaccharides blocked the cells from forming selectin ligands and inhibited adhesion to immobilized selectins, suggesting that the glycosides might prove useful for interfering with tumor cell adhesion and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian R Brown
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0687, USA
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38
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Fuster MM, Brown JR, Wang L, Esko JD. A disaccharide precursor of sialyl Lewis X inhibits metastatic potential of tumor cells. Cancer Res 2003; 63:2775-81. [PMID: 12782582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Clustered presentation of sialyl Lewis X (sLe(X)) on tumor cell mucins is thought to facilitate metastasis through binding to selectin adhesion receptors expressed on platelets, leukocytes and endothelial cells. Thus, interfering with sLe(X) assembly might provide a chemotherapeutic method for treating metastatic disease. Prior studies have shown that peracetylated disaccharides can act in cells as substrates for the assembly of oligosaccharides related to sLe(X) synthesis, and the assembly of oligosaccharides on the disaccharides diverts the assembly of sLe(X) from endogenous cell surface glycoconjugates. Here, we show that treatment of cultured human adenocarcinoma cells with micromolar concentrations of the peracetylated disaccharide, (Ac)(6)GlcNAcbeta1,3Galbeta-O-naphthalenemethanol (AcGnG-NM) reduces the expression of sLe(X) and diminishes binding in vitro to selectin-coated dishes, thrombin-activated platelets, and tumor necrosis factor alpha-activated endothelial cells. Altering glycosylation in this way significantly reduced the ability of tumor cells to distribute to the lungs of wild-type mice over a 3-h period after i.v. injection. No significant difference in biodistribution was noted after the injection of AcGnG-NM-treated tumor cells into P-selectin deficient mice, although the extent of lung seeding was reduced compared with that in wild-type mice. In vitro, we demonstrate that normal mouse platelets, but not P-selectin-deficient platelets, bound to control tumor cells and protected them from leukocyte-mediated cytolysis. Conversely, treatment of tumor cells with disaccharide markedly reduced the ability of normal platelets to protect them from cytolysis. Finally, in an experimental metastasis model, we show that treatment of tumor cells with the disaccharide markedly reduced their lung colonization potential after injection into severe combined immunodeficient mice. These findings suggest that this compound may represent a novel class of chemotherapeutic agents for prevention and treatment of metastatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark M Fuster
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California, 92103-0687, USA
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Belting M, Borsig L, Fuster MM, Brown JR, Persson L, Fransson LA, Esko JD. Tumor attenuation by combined heparan sulfate and polyamine depletion. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2002; 99:371-6. [PMID: 11752393 PMCID: PMC117567 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.012346499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells depend on polyamines for growth and their depletion represents a strategy for the treatment of cancer. Polyamines assemble de novo through a pathway sensitive to the inhibitor, alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO). However, the presence of cell-surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans may provide a salvage pathway for uptake of circulating polyamines, thereby sparing cells from the cytostatic effect of DFMO. Here we show that genetic or pharmacologic manipulation of proteoglycan synthesis in the presence of DFMO inhibits cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. In cell culture, mutant cells lacking heparan sulfate were more sensitive to the growth inhibitory effects of DFMO than wild-type cells or mutant cells transfected with the cDNA for the missing biosynthetic enzyme. Moreover, extracellular polyamines did not restore growth of mutant cells, but completely reversed the inhibitory effect of DFMO in wild-type cells. In a mouse model of experimental metastasis, DFMO provided in the water supply also dramatically diminished seeding and growth of tumor foci in the lungs by heparan sulfate-deficient mutant cells compared with the controls. Wild-type cells also formed tumors less efficiently in mice fed both DFMO and a xylose-based inhibitor of heparan sulfate proteoglycan assembly. The effect seemed to be specific for heparan sulfate, because a different xyloside known to affect only chondroitin sulfate did not inhibit tumor growth. Hence, combined inhibition of heparan sulfate assembly and polyamine synthesis may represent an additional strategy for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattias Belting
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Biomedical Center C13, Lund University, P.O.B. 94, S-221 84 Lund, Sweden
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Abstract
Primary nystagmus was evoked by constant angular acceleration at near-threshold levels (0.2, 0.4, and 0.6 degree/s2) in 34 normal human subjects (25 children aged 2-11 years and 9 young adults aged 17-21 years). Acceleration was carried out in complete darkness, and with subjects' eyes open. Analysis of response latencies showed that all subjects responded to acceleration magnitude as low as 0.2 degrees/s2. A decrease in response latency was associated with an increase in acceleration magnitude, and there was no significant effect of age on response latency or its relationship to acceleration. However, a relationship was found between age and the percentage of trials showing the presence of a set of three successive beats during acceleration: a significant increase in the frequency of such trials occurred with increasing age. The relationship of these findings to brainstem vestibular modulatory mechanisms is discussed.
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