51
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Targeting Nuclear NOTCH2 by Gliotoxin Recovers a Tumor-Suppressor NOTCH3 Activity in CLL. Cells 2020; 9:cells9061484. [PMID: 32570839 PMCID: PMC7348714 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
NOTCH signaling represents a promising therapeutic target in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). We compared the anti-neoplastic effects of the nuclear NOTCH2 inhibitor gliotoxin and the pan-NOTCH γ-secretase inhibitor RO4929097 in primary CLL cells with special emphasis on the individual roles of the different NOTCH receptors. Gliotoxin rapidly induced apoptosis in all CLL cases tested, whereas RO4929097 exerted a variable and delayed effect on CLL cell viability. Gliotoxin-induced apoptosis was associated with inhibition of the NOTCH2/FCER2 (CD23) axis together with concomitant upregulation of the NOTCH3/NR4A1 axis. In contrast, RO4929097 downregulated the NOTCH3/NR4A1 axis and counteracted the spontaneous and gliotoxin-induced apoptosis. On the cell surface, NOTCH3 and CD23 expression were mutually exclusive, suggesting that downregulation of NOTCH2 signaling is a prerequisite for NOTCH3 expression in CLL cells. ATAC-seq confirmed that gliotoxin targeted the canonical NOTCH signaling, as indicated by the loss of chromatin accessibility at the potential NOTCH/CSL site containing the gene regulatory elements. This was accompanied by a gain in accessibility at the NR4A1, NFκB, and ATF3 motifs close to the genes involved in B-cell activation, differentiation, and apoptosis. In summary, these data show that gliotoxin recovers a non-canonical tumor-suppressing NOTCH3 activity, indicating that nuclear NOTCH2 inhibitors might be beneficial compared to pan-NOTCH inhibitors in the treatment of CLL.
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52
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Kashimura M. The human spleen as the center of the blood defense system. Int J Hematol 2020; 112:147-158. [DOI: 10.1007/s12185-020-02912-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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53
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Chulpanova DS, Kitaeva KV, Green AR, Rizvanov AA, Solovyeva VV. Molecular Aspects and Future Perspectives of Cytokine-Based Anti-cancer Immunotherapy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:402. [PMID: 32582698 PMCID: PMC7283917 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokine-based immunotherapy is a promising field in the cancer treatment, since cytokines, as proteins of the immune system, are able to modulate the host immune response toward cancer cell, as well as directly induce tumor cell death. Since a low dose monotherapy with some cytokines has no significant therapeutic results and a high dose treatment leads to a number of side effects caused by the pleiotropic effect of cytokines, the problem of understanding the influence of cytokines on the immune cells involved in the pro- and anti-tumor immune response remains a pressing one. Immune system cells carry CD makers on their surface which can be used to identify various populations of cells of the immune system that play different roles in pro- and anti-tumor immune responses. This review discusses the functions and specific CD markers of various immune cell populations which are reported to participate in the regulation of the immune response against the tumor. The results of research studies and clinical trials investigating the effect of cytokine therapy on the regulation of immune cell populations and their surface markers are also discussed. Current trends in the development of cancer immunotherapy, as well as the role of cytokines in combination with other therapeutic agents, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria S Chulpanova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Kristina V Kitaeva
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Andrew R Green
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Albert A Rizvanov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia.,Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Valeriya V Solovyeva
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
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54
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Bautista D, Vásquez C, Ayala-Ramírez P, Téllez-Sosa J, Godoy-Lozano E, Martínez-Barnetche J, Franco M, Angel J. Differential Expression of IgM and IgD Discriminates Two Subpopulations of Human Circulating IgM +IgD +CD27 + B Cells That Differ Phenotypically, Functionally, and Genetically. Front Immunol 2020; 11:736. [PMID: 32435242 PMCID: PMC7219516 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The origin and function of blood IgM+IgD+CD27+ B cells is controversial, and they are considered a heterogeneous population. Previous staining of circulating B cells of healthy donors with rotavirus fluorescent virus-like particles allowed us to differentiate two subsets of IgM+IgD+CD27+: IgMhi and IgMlo B cells. Here, we confirmed this finding and compared the phenotype, transcriptome, in vitro function, and Ig gene repertoire of these two subsets. Eleven markers phenotypically discriminated both subsets (CD1c, CD69, IL21R, CD27, MTG, CD45RB, CD5, CD184, CD23, BAFFR, and CD38) with the IgMhi phenotypically resembling previously reported marginal zone B cells and the IgMlo resembling both naïve and memory B cells. Transcriptomic analysis showed that both subpopulations clustered close to germinal center-experienced IgM only B cells with a Principal Component Analysis, but differed in expression of 78 genes. Moreover, IgMhi B cells expressed genes characteristic of previously reported marginal zone B cells. After stimulation with CpG and cytokines, significantly (p < 0.05) higher frequencies (62.5%) of IgMhi B cells proliferated, compared with IgMlo B cells (35.37%), and differentiated to antibody secreting cells (14.22% for IgMhi and 7.19% for IgMlo). IgMhi B cells had significantly (p < 0.0007) higher frequencies of mutations in IGHV and IGKV regions, IgMlo B cells had higher usage of IGHJ6 genes (p < 0.0001), and both subsets differed in their HCDR3 properties. IgMhi B cells shared most of their shared IGH clonotypes with IgM only memory B cells, and IgMlo B cells with IgMhi B cells. These results support the notion that differential expression of IgM and IgD discriminates two subpopulations of human circulating IgM+IgD+CD27+ B cells, with the IgMhi B cells having similarities with previously described marginal zone B cells that passed through germinal centers, and the IgMlo B cells being the least differentiated amongst the IgM+CD27+ subsets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Bautista
- Instituto de Genética Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Camilo Vásquez
- Instituto de Genética Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Paola Ayala-Ramírez
- Instituto de Genética Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Juan Téllez-Sosa
- Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Ernestina Godoy-Lozano
- Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Jesús Martínez-Barnetche
- Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Manuel Franco
- Instituto de Genética Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Juana Angel
- Instituto de Genética Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
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55
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Farmer JR, Allard-Chamard H, Sun N, Ahmad M, Bertocchi A, Mahajan VS, Aicher T, Arnold J, Benson MD, Morningstar J, Barmettler S, Yuen G, Murphy SJH, Walter JE, Ghebremichael M, Shalek AK, Batista F, Gerszten R, Pillai S. Induction of metabolic quiescence defines the transitional to follicular B cell switch. Sci Signal 2019; 12:12/604/eaaw5573. [PMID: 31641080 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aaw5573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Transitional B cells must actively undergo selection for self-tolerance before maturing into their resting follicular B cell successors. We found that metabolic quiescence was acquired at the follicular B cell stage in both humans and mice. In follicular B cells, the expression of genes involved in ribosome biogenesis, aerobic respiration, and mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling was reduced when compared to that in transitional B cells. Functional metabolism studies, profiling of whole-cell metabolites, and analysis of cell surface proteins in human B cells suggested that this transition was also associated with increased extracellular adenosine salvage. Follicular B cells increased the abundance of the cell surface ectonucleotidase CD73, which coincided with adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation. Differentiation to the follicular B cell stage in vitro correlated with surface acquisition of CD73 on human transitional B cells and was augmented with the AMPK agonist, AICAR. Last, individuals with gain-of-function PIK3CD (PI3Kδ) mutations and increased pS6 activation exhibited a near absence of circulating follicular B cells. Together, our data suggest that mTORC1 attenuation may be necessary for human follicular B cell development. These data identify a distinct metabolic switch during human B cell development at the transitional to follicular stages, which is characterized by an induction of extracellular adenosine salvage, AMPK activation, and the acquisition of metabolic quiescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyn R Farmer
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Department of Medicine, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Hugues Allard-Chamard
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Department of Medicine, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Division of Rheumatology, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé de l' Université de Sherbrooke et Centre de Recherche Clinique Étienne-Le Bel, Sherbrooke, Québec J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Na Sun
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Department of Medicine, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Maimuna Ahmad
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Department of Medicine, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Alice Bertocchi
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Department of Medicine, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Vinay S Mahajan
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Department of Medicine, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Toby Aicher
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Department of Medicine, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Johan Arnold
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Department of Medicine, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Mark D Benson
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jordan Morningstar
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Sara Barmettler
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Grace Yuen
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Department of Medicine, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Samuel J H Murphy
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Department of Medicine, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jolan E Walter
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, FL 33602, USA.,Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL 33701, USA.,Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Musie Ghebremichael
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Department of Medicine, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Alex K Shalek
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Department of Medicine, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Institute for Medical Engineering and Science (IMES), Department of Chemistry, and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Facundo Batista
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Department of Medicine, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Robert Gerszten
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Shiv Pillai
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Department of Medicine, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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56
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Weill JC, Reynaud CA. IgM memory B cells: specific effectors of innate-like and adaptive responses. Curr Opin Immunol 2019; 63:1-6. [PMID: 31639539 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2019.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Antigen-experienced IgM+ B cells with mutated V genes have emerged as important effectors of both adaptive and innate-like immune responses. While their precise role in recall responses appear to differ according to the nature of the immunogen or the infectious agent, they are able to achieve rapid plasma cell differentiation, germinal center re-initiation, as well as IgM and IgG memory pool replenishment, which establishes them as multi-lineage precursors of the various functional memory subsets. For innate-like responses, recent data have shown that activation by gut commensals is able to generate, both in mice and humans, a systemic IgM+ population with specificity against glycan epitopes, which displays broad cross-reactivity towards multiple micro-organisms, and ensures a first line of defense against systemic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Claude Weill
- Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (INEM), INSERM U1151-CNRS UMR8253, Université de Paris, Faculté de Médecine, 156 rue de Vaugirard, 75730 Paris Cedex 15, France.
| | - Claude-Agnès Reynaud
- Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (INEM), INSERM U1151-CNRS UMR8253, Université de Paris, Faculté de Médecine, 156 rue de Vaugirard, 75730 Paris Cedex 15, France.
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57
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Sanz I, Wei C, Jenks SA, Cashman KS, Tipton C, Woodruff MC, Hom J, Lee FEH. Challenges and Opportunities for Consistent Classification of Human B Cell and Plasma Cell Populations. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2458. [PMID: 31681331 PMCID: PMC6813733 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 285] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasingly recognized role of different types of B cells and plasma cells in protective and pathogenic immune responses combined with technological advances have generated a plethora of information regarding the heterogeneity of this human immune compartment. Unfortunately, the lack of a consistent classification of human B cells also creates significant imprecision on the adjudication of different phenotypes to well-defined populations. Additional confusion in the field stems from: the use of non-discriminatory, overlapping markers to define some populations, the extrapolation of mouse concepts to humans, and the assignation of functional significance to populations often defined by insufficient surface markers. In this review, we shall discuss the current understanding of human B cell heterogeneity and define major parental populations and associated subsets while discussing their functional significance. We shall also identify current challenges and opportunities. It stands to reason that a unified approach will not only permit comparison of separate studies but also improve our ability to define deviations from normative values and to create a clean framework for the identification, functional significance, and disease association with new populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Sanz
- Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Chungwen Wei
- Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Scott A Jenks
- Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Kevin S Cashman
- Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Christopher Tipton
- Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Matthew C Woodruff
- Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Jennifer Hom
- Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - F Eun-Hyung Lee
- Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
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58
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Burgener AV, Bantug GR, Meyer BJ, Higgins R, Ghosh A, Bignucolo O, Ma EH, Loeliger J, Unterstab G, Geigges M, Steiner R, Enamorado M, Ivanek R, Hunziker D, Schmidt A, Müller-Durovic B, Grählert J, Epple R, Dimeloe S, Lötscher J, Sauder U, Ebnöther M, Burger B, Heijnen I, Martínez-Cano S, Cantoni N, Brücker R, Kahlert CR, Sancho D, Jones RG, Navarini A, Recher M, Hess C. SDHA gain-of-function engages inflammatory mitochondrial retrograde signaling via KEAP1-Nrf2. Nat Immunol 2019; 20:1311-1321. [PMID: 31527833 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-019-0482-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Whether screening the metabolic activity of immune cells facilitates discovery of molecular pathology remains unknown. Here we prospectively screened the extracellular acidification rate as a measure of glycolysis and the oxygen consumption rate as a measure of mitochondrial respiration in B cells from patients with primary antibody deficiency. The highest oxygen consumption rate values were detected in three study participants with persistent polyclonal B cell lymphocytosis (PPBL). Exome sequencing identified germline mutations in SDHA, which encodes succinate dehydrogenase subunit A, in all three patients with PPBL. SDHA gain-of-function led to an accumulation of fumarate in PPBL B cells, which engaged the KEAP1-Nrf2 system to drive the transcription of genes encoding inflammatory cytokines. In a single patient trial, blocking the activity of the cytokine interleukin-6 in vivo prevented systemic inflammation and ameliorated clinical disease. Overall, our study has identified pathological mitochondrial retrograde signaling as a disease modifier in primary antibody deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Valérie Burgener
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University and University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Glenn R Bantug
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University and University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Benedikt J Meyer
- Immunodeficiency Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University and University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rebecca Higgins
- Division of Dermatology and Dermatology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University and University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Adhideb Ghosh
- Division of Dermatology and Dermatology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University and University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Competence Center for Personalized Medicine University of Zürich/Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Bignucolo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Eric H Ma
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA.,Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jordan Loeliger
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University and University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gunhild Unterstab
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University and University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marco Geigges
- Epigenomics Group, D-BSSE, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rebekah Steiner
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University and University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michel Enamorado
- Immunobiology Laboratory, entro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Mucosal Immunology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Washington DC, USA
| | - Robert Ivanek
- Bioinformatics Facility, Department of Biomedicine, University and University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Danielle Hunziker
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University and University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Schmidt
- Proteomics Core Facility, Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Bojana Müller-Durovic
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University and University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jasmin Grählert
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University and University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Raja Epple
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University and University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Dimeloe
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jonas Lötscher
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University and University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ursula Sauder
- Electron Microscopy Core Facility, Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Monika Ebnöther
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Claraspital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Bettina Burger
- Division of Dermatology and Dermatology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University and University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ingmar Heijnen
- Division Medical Immunology, Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sarai Martínez-Cano
- Immunobiology Laboratory, entro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nathan Cantoni
- Division of Hematology, Cantonal Hospital of Aarau, Aargau, Switzerland
| | - Rolf Brücker
- Division of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Hospital St. Anna, Luzern, Switzerland
| | - Christian R Kahlert
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital of St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - David Sancho
- Immunobiology Laboratory, entro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Russell G Jones
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA.,Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alexander Navarini
- Division of Dermatology and Dermatology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University and University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mike Recher
- Immunodeficiency Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University and University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Hess
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University and University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland. .,Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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59
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Abstract
The marginal zone (MZ) is largely composed of a unique subpopulation of B cells, the so-called MZ-B cells. At a molecular level, memory B cells are characterized by the presence of somatically mutated IGV genes. The earliest studies in the rat have documented the presence of hapten-specific MZ-B cells after immunization in the MZ. This work later received experimental support demonstrating that the IGHV-Cµ transcripts expressed by phenotypically defined splenic MZ-B cells (defined as CD90negIgMhighIgDlow B cells) can carry somatic hypermutation. However, only a minor fraction (< 10%-20%) of these MZ-B cells is mutated and is considered to represent memory B cells. Memory B cells can either be class-switched (IgG, IgA, IgE), or non-class-switched (IgM) B cells. B cells in the MZ are a heterogeneous population of cells and both naïve MZ-B cells; class switched and unswitched memory MZ-B cells are present at this unique site in the spleen. Naïve MZ-B cells carry unmutated Ig genes, produce low-affinity IgM molecules and constitute a first line of defense against invading pathogens. Memory MZ-B cells express high-affinity Ig molecules, directed to (microbial) antigens that have been encountered. In this review, we report on the memory compartment of splenic MZ-B cells in the rat to provide insights into the origin and function of these memory MZ-B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacobus Hendricks
- Discipline of Human Physiology, Westville Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.,Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nicolaas A Bos
- Discipline of Human Physiology, Westville Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Frans G M Kroese
- Discipline of Human Physiology, Westville Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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60
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Espéli M, Bashford-Rogers R, Sowerby JM, Alouche N, Wong L, Denton AE, Linterman MA, Smith KGC. FcγRIIb differentially regulates pre-immune and germinal center B cell tolerance in mouse and human. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1970. [PMID: 31036800 PMCID: PMC6488660 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09434-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Several tolerance checkpoints exist throughout B cell development to control autoreactive B cells and prevent the generation of pathogenic autoantibodies. FcγRIIb is an Fc receptor that inhibits B cell activation and, if defective, is associated with autoimmune disease, yet its impact on specific B cell tolerance checkpoints is unknown. Here we show that reduced expression of FcγRIIb enhances the deletion and anergy of autoreactive immature B cells, but in contrast promotes autoreactive B cell expansion in the germinal center and serum autoantibody production, even in response to exogenous, non-self antigens. Our data thus show that FcγRIIb has opposing effects on pre-immune and post-immune tolerance checkpoints, and suggest that B cell tolerance requires the control of bystander germinal center B cells with low or no affinity for the immunizing antigen. The inhibitory receptor, FcγRIIb, is reported to limit autoimmune B cell response. Here the authors show that FcγRIIb has a dual role in both human and mouse, with reduced FcγRIIb expression or function associated with enhanced pre-immune B cell tolerance, yet defective control of mature autoreactive B cells in the germinal center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Espéli
- The Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 OXY, England, UK. .,UMR996 - Inflammation, Chemokines and Immunopathology, Inserm, Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Clamart, F-92140, France.
| | - Rachael Bashford-Rogers
- The Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 OXY, England, UK.,Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - John M Sowerby
- The Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 OXY, England, UK.,Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, CB2 0AW, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nagham Alouche
- UMR996 - Inflammation, Chemokines and Immunopathology, Inserm, Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Clamart, F-92140, France
| | - Limy Wong
- The Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 OXY, England, UK
| | - Alice E Denton
- The Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 OXY, England, UK.,Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, Babraham Institute, CB22 3AT, Cambridge, UK
| | - Michelle A Linterman
- The Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 OXY, England, UK.,Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, Babraham Institute, CB22 3AT, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kenneth G C Smith
- The Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 OXY, England, UK. .,Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, CB2 0AW, Cambridge, UK.
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Sng J, Ayoglu B, Chen JW, Schickel JN, Ferre EMN, Glauzy S, Romberg N, Hoenig M, Cunningham-Rundles C, Utz PJ, Lionakis MS, Meffre E. AIRE expression controls the peripheral selection of autoreactive B cells. Sci Immunol 2019; 4:eaav6778. [PMID: 30979797 PMCID: PMC7257641 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aav6778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmune regulator (AIRE) mutations result in autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy (APECED) syndrome characterized by defective central T cell tolerance and the production of many autoantibodies targeting tissue-specific antigens and cytokines. By studying CD3- and AIRE-deficient patients, we found that lack of either T cells or AIRE function resulted in the peripheral accumulation of autoreactive mature naïve B cells. Proteomic arrays and Biacore affinity measurements revealed that unmutated antibodies expressed by these autoreactive naïve B cells recognized soluble molecules and cytokines including insulin, IL-17A, and IL-17F, which are AIRE-dependent thymic peripheral tissue antigens targeted by autoimmune responses in APECED. AIRE-deficient patients also displayed decreased frequencies of regulatory T cells (Tregs) that lacked common TCRβ clones found instead in their conventional T cell compartment, thereby suggesting holes in the Treg TCR repertoire of these patients. Hence, AIRE-mediated T cell/Treg selection normally prevents the expansion of autoreactive naïve B cells recognizing peripheral self-antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Sng
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Burcu Ayoglu
- School of Medicine, Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jeff W Chen
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Jean-Nicolas Schickel
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Elise M N Ferre
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Salomé Glauzy
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Neil Romberg
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Manfred Hoenig
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Centre Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Charlotte Cunningham-Rundles
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Paul J Utz
- School of Medicine, Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation, and Infection (ITI), Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Michail S Lionakis
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Eric Meffre
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
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62
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Camponeschi A, Gerasimcik N, Wang Y, Fredriksson T, Chen D, Farroni C, Thorarinsdottir K, Sjökvist Ottsjö L, Aranburu A, Cardell S, Carsetti R, Gjertsson I, Mårtensson IL, Grimsholm O. Dissecting Integrin Expression and Function on Memory B Cells in Mice and Humans in Autoimmunity. Front Immunol 2019; 10:534. [PMID: 30949178 PMCID: PMC6437070 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunological memory ensures life-long protection against previously encountered pathogens, and in mice and humans the spleen is an important reservoir for long-lived memory B cells (MBCs). It is well-established that integrins play several crucial roles in lymphocyte survival and trafficking, but their involvement in the retention of MBCs in secondary lymphoid organs, and differences between B cell subsets in their adhesion capacity to ICAM-1 and/or VCAM-1 have not yet been confirmed. Here, we use an autoimmune mouse model, where MBCs are abundant, to show that the highest levels of LFA-1 and VLA-4 amongst B cells are found on MBCs. In vivo blockade of VLA-4 alone or in combination with LFA-1, but not LFA-1 alone, causes a release of MBCs from the spleen into the blood stream. In humans, we find that in peripheral blood, spleens, and tonsils from healthy donors the highest expression levels of the integrins LFA-1 and VLA-4 are also found on MBCs. Consistent with this, we found MBCs to have a higher capacity to adhere to ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 than naïve B cells. In patients with the autoimmune disease rheumatoid arthritis, it is the MBCs that have the highest levels of LFA-1 and VLA-4; moreover, compared with healthy donors, naïve B and MBCs of patients receiving anti-TNF medication have enhanced levels of the active form of LFA-1. Commensurate levels of the active αL subunit can be induced on B cells from healthy donors by exposure to the integrin ligands. Thus, our findings establish the selective use of the integrins LFA-1 and VLA-4 in the localization and adhesion of MBCs in both mice and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Camponeschi
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Natalija Gerasimcik
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Timothy Fredriksson
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Dongfeng Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Chiara Farroni
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,B Cell Physiopathology Unit, Immunology Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCSS, Rome, Italy
| | - Katrin Thorarinsdottir
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Louise Sjökvist Ottsjö
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Alaitz Aranburu
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Susanna Cardell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Rita Carsetti
- B Cell Physiopathology Unit, Immunology Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCSS, Rome, Italy.,Unit of Diagnostic Immunology, Department of Laboratories, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Inger Gjertsson
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Inga-Lill Mårtensson
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ola Grimsholm
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,B Cell Physiopathology Unit, Immunology Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCSS, Rome, Italy
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63
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Abstract
In this review, Boothby et al. summarize some salient advances toward elucidation of the molecular programming of the fate choices and function of B cells in the periphery. They also note unanswered questions that pertain to differences among subsets of B lymphocytes and plasma cells. Mature B lymphocytes are crucial components of adaptive immunity, a system essential for the evolutionary fitness of mammals. Adaptive lymphocyte function requires an initially naïve cell to proliferate extensively and its progeny to have the capacity to assume a variety of fates. These include either terminal differentiation (the long-lived plasma cell) or metastable transcriptional reprogramming (germinal center and memory B cells). In this review, we focus principally on the regulation of differentiation and functional diversification of the “B2” subset. An overview is combined with an account of more recent advances, including initial work on mechanisms that eliminate DNA methylation and potential links between intracellular metabolites and chromatin editing.
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64
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Nicholson LK, Pratap H, Bowers E, Gunzburger E, Bandi SR, Gardner EM, Palmer BE, Wright T, Kittelson J, Janoff EN. Effective B cell activation in vitro during viremic HIV-1 infection with surrogate T cell stimulation. Immunobiology 2018; 223:839-849. [PMID: 30219203 PMCID: PMC6264910 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Identifying HIV-1-associated B cell defects and responses to activation may direct interventions to circumvent their impaired antibody responses to infection and vaccines. Among 34 viremic HIV-1-infected and 20 seronegative control adults, we measured baseline frequencies and activation of B and T cell subsets, expression of activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID), potential determinants of B cell activation in vivo and B and T cell responses in vitro. At baseline, HIV-1 infection was associated with increased IgM memory and decreased anergic cell frequencies, as well as increased activation in all 10 B cell subsets compared with controls. HIV-1 status, TFH activation, and BAFF were significant potential drivers of B cell activation. Despite high baseline activation among HIV-1-infected subjects, stimulation in vitro with combined surrogates for antigen (anti-IgM), cognate (CD40 ligand) and soluble T cell factors (IL-4) elicited comparable B cell activation, transitions from naïve to class-switched memory cells and AID expression in both groups. In summary, viremic HIV-1 infection perturbs circulating B cell subsets and activation at each stage of B cell maturation. However, that appropriate stimulation of B cells elicits effective activation and maturation provides impetus for advancing vaccine development to prevent secondary infections by circumventing early B cell defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay K Nicholson
- Mucosal and Vaccine Research Program Colorado (MAVRC), United States; Departments of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, United States; Denver Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Denver, CO, United States
| | - Harsh Pratap
- Mucosal and Vaccine Research Program Colorado (MAVRC), United States; Departments of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, United States; Denver Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Denver, CO, United States
| | - Elisabeth Bowers
- Mucosal and Vaccine Research Program Colorado (MAVRC), United States; Departments of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, United States; Denver Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Denver, CO, United States
| | - Elise Gunzburger
- Departments of Biostatistics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Srinivasa R Bandi
- Mucosal and Vaccine Research Program Colorado (MAVRC), United States; Departments of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Edward M Gardner
- Departments of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, United States; Denver Health and Hospital Authority, Denver, CO, United States
| | - Brent E Palmer
- Mucosal and Vaccine Research Program Colorado (MAVRC), United States; Departments of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Timothy Wright
- Denver Health and Hospital Authority, Denver, CO, United States
| | - John Kittelson
- Mucosal and Vaccine Research Program Colorado (MAVRC), United States; Departments of Biostatistics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Edward N Janoff
- Mucosal and Vaccine Research Program Colorado (MAVRC), United States; Departments of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, United States; Denver Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Denver, CO, United States.
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65
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Zhao Y, Uduman M, Siu JHY, Tull TJ, Sanderson JD, Wu YCB, Zhou JQ, Petrov N, Ellis R, Todd K, Chavele KM, Guesdon W, Vossenkamper A, Jassem W, D'Cruz DP, Fear DJ, John S, Scheel-Toellner D, Hopkins C, Moreno E, Woodman NL, Ciccarelli F, Heck S, Kleinstein SH, Bemark M, Spencer J. Spatiotemporal segregation of human marginal zone and memory B cell populations in lymphoid tissue. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3857. [PMID: 30242242 PMCID: PMC6155012 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06089-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Human memory B cells and marginal zone (MZ) B cells share common features such as the expression of CD27 and somatic mutations in their IGHV and BCL6 genes, but the relationship between them is controversial. Here, we show phenotypic progression within lymphoid tissues as MZ B cells emerge from the mature naïve B cell pool via a precursor CD27-CD45RBMEM55+ population distant from memory cells. By imaging mass cytometry, we find that MZ B cells and memory B cells occupy different microanatomical niches in organised gut lymphoid tissues. Both populations disseminate widely between distant lymphoid tissues and blood, and both diversify their IGHV repertoire in gut germinal centres (GC), but nevertheless remain largely clonally separate. MZ B cells are therefore not developmentally contiguous with or analogous to classical memory B cells despite their shared ability to transit through GC, where somatic mutations are acquired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhao
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Mohamed Uduman
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | | | - Thomas J Tull
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Jeremy D Sanderson
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Yu-Chang Bryan Wu
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Julian Q Zhou
- Interdepartmental Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Nedyalko Petrov
- Biomedical Research Centre, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Trust, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Richard Ellis
- Biomedical Research Centre, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Trust, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Katrina Todd
- Biomedical Research Centre, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Trust, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Konstantia-Maria Chavele
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - William Guesdon
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Anna Vossenkamper
- Barts & The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Blizard Institute, Whitechapel, London, E1 2AT, UK
| | - Wayel Jassem
- Liver Transplant Unit, Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 9NT, UK
| | - David P D'Cruz
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - David J Fear
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Susan John
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Dagmar Scheel-Toellner
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Claire Hopkins
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Estefania Moreno
- Barts & The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Blizard Institute, Whitechapel, London, E1 2AT, UK
| | - Natalie L Woodman
- School of Cancer Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Francesca Ciccarelli
- School of Cancer Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Susanne Heck
- Biomedical Research Centre, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Trust, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Steven H Kleinstein
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA.
- Interdepartmental Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA.
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA.
| | - Mats Bemark
- Mucosal Immunobiology and Vaccine Center (MIVAC), Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Jo Spencer
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London, SE1 9RT, UK.
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66
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Lin Z, Chen B, Wu T, Xu X. Highly Tumorigenic Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma Cells Are Produced by Coculture with Stromal Cells. Acta Haematol 2018; 139:201-216. [PMID: 29791894 DOI: 10.1159/000488385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is heterogeneous. We aimed to explore how tumor microenvironment promotes lymphoma cell aggressiveness and heterogeneity. METHODS We created a coculture system using human DLBCL cells and mouse bone marrow stromal cells. Proliferative capacity, drug resistance, clonogenicity, and tumorigenicity were compared in lymphoma cells from the coculture system and lymphoma cells cultured alone. Expression of Notch signaling associated genes was evaluated using real-time reverse transcriptase PCR and Western blot. RESULTS Lymphoma cells in the coculture system differentiated into a suspended cell group and an adherent cell group. They acquired a stronger proliferative capacity and drug resistance than lymphoma cells cultured alone, and differences existed between the adherent cell and suspended cell groups. The suspended cell group acquired the most powerful clonogenic and tumorigenic potential. However, Notch3 was exclusively expressed in the adherent lymphoma cell group and the use of N-[N-(3, 5-difluorophenacetyl)-l-alanyl]-S-phenylglycine t-butyl ester, an inhibitor of Notch pathway, could abolish the emergence of highly aggressive lymphoma cells. CONCLUSION Highly tumorigenic lymphoma cells could be generated by coculture with stromal cells, and it was dependent on Notch3 expression in the adjacent lymphoma cells through interaction with stromal cells.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Apoptosis
- Biomarkers
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic
- Coculture Techniques
- Disease Models, Animal
- Disease Progression
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/drug therapy
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/metabolism
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/pathology
- Mice
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Stromal Cells/metabolism
- Tumor Microenvironment
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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67
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Abstract
There are three different marginal zone lymphomas (MZLs): the extranodal MZL of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) type (MALT lymphoma), the splenic MZL, and the nodal MZL. The three MZLs share common lesions and deregulated pathways but also present specific alterations that can be used for their differential diagnosis. Although trisomies of chromosomes 3 and 18, deletions at 6q23, deregulation of nuclear factor kappa B, and chromatin remodeling genes are frequent events in all of them, the three MZLs differ in the presence of recurrent translocations, mutations affecting the NOTCH pathway, and the transcription factor Kruppel like factor 2 ( KLF2) or the receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatase delta ( PTPRD). Since a better understanding of the molecular events underlying each subtype may have practical relevance, this review summarizes the most recent and main advances in our understanding of the genetics and biology of MZLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Bertoni
- Università della Svizzera italiana, Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland.,Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland (IOSI), Ospedale San Giovanni, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Davide Rossi
- Università della Svizzera italiana, Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland.,Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland (IOSI), Ospedale San Giovanni, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Emanuele Zucca
- Università della Svizzera italiana, Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland.,Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland (IOSI), Ospedale San Giovanni, Bellinzona, Switzerland
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68
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Yu J, Zanotti S, Schilling L, Schoenherr C, Economides AN, Sanjay A, Canalis E. Induction of the Hajdu-Cheney Syndrome Mutation in CD19 B Cells in Mice Alters B-Cell Allocation but Not Skeletal Homeostasis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2018; 188:1430-1446. [PMID: 29545197 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2018.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Mice harboring Notch2 mutations replicating Hajdu-Cheney syndrome (Notch2tm1.1ECan) have osteopenia and exhibit an increase in splenic marginal zone B cells with a decrease in follicular B cells. Whether the altered B-cell allocation is responsible for the osteopenia of Notch2tm1.1ECan mutants is unknown. To determine the effect of NOTCH2 activation in B cells on splenic B-cell allocation and skeletal phenotype, a conditional-by-inversion (COIN) Hajdu-Cheney syndrome allele of Notch2 (Notch2[ΔPEST]COIN) was used. Cre recombination generates a permanent Notch2ΔPEST allele expressing a transcript for which sequences coding for the proline, glutamic acid, serine, and threonine-rich (PEST) domain are replaced by a stop codon. CD19-Cre drivers were backcrossed into Notch2[ΔPEST]COIN/[ΔPEST]COIN to generate CD19-specific Notch2ΔPEST/ΔPEST mutants and control Notch2[ΔPEST]COIN/[ΔPEST]COIN littermates. There was an increase in marginal zone B cells and a decrease in follicular B cells in the spleen of CD19Cre/WT;Notch2ΔPEST/ΔPEST mice, recapitulating the splenic phenotype of Notch2tm1.1ECan mice. The effect was reproduced when the NOTCH1 intracellular domain was induced in CD19-expressing cells (CD19Cre/WT;RosaNotch1/WT mice). However, neither CD19Cre/WT;Notch2ΔPEST/ΔPEST nor CD19Cre/WT;RosaNotch1/WT mice had a skeletal phenotype. Moreover, splenectomies in Notch2tm1.1ECan mice did not reverse their osteopenic phenotype. In conclusion, Notch2 activation in CD19-expressing cells determines B-cell allocation in the spleen but has no skeletal consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungeun Yu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut; UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Stefano Zanotti
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut; UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut; Department of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Lauren Schilling
- UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Chris Schoenherr
- Genome Engineering Technologies, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, New York
| | - Aris N Economides
- Genome Engineering Technologies, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, New York
| | - Archana Sanjay
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut; UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut.
| | - Ernesto Canalis
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut; UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut; Department of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut.
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69
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Canalis E. Clinical and experimental aspects of notch receptor signaling: Hajdu-Cheney syndrome and related disorders. Metabolism 2018; 80:48-56. [PMID: 28941602 PMCID: PMC5818282 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are four Notch transmembrane receptors that determine the fate and function of cells. Notch is activated following its interactions with ligands of the Jagged and Delta-like families that lead to the cleavage and release of the Notch intracellular domain (NICD); this translocates to the nucleus to induce the transcription of Notch target genes. Genetic disorders of loss- and gain-of-NOTCH function present with severe clinical manifestations. BASIC PROCEDURES In this article, current knowledge of Hajdu Cheney Syndrome (HCS) and related disorders is reviewed. MAIN FINDINGS HCS is a rare genetic disorder characterized by acroosteolysis, fractures, short stature, neurological manifestations, craniofacial developmental abnormalities, cardiovascular defects and polycystic kidneys. HCS is associated with NOTCH2 gain-of-function mutations. An experimental mouse model of the disease revealed that the bone loss is secondary to increased osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption due to enhanced expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (Rankl). This would suggest that inhibitors of bone resorption might prove to be beneficial in the treatment of the bone loss associated with HCS. Notch2 is a determinant of B-cell allocation in the marginal zone of the spleen and "somatic" mutations analogous to those found in HCS are associated with B-cell lymphomas of the marginal zone, but there are no reports of lymphomas associated with HCS. CONCLUSION In conclusion, HCS is a serious genetic disorder associated with NOTCH2 mutations. New experimental models have offered insight on mechanisms responsible for the manifestations of HCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Canalis
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, the UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; Department of Medicine, the UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.
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70
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Sintes J, Gentile M, Zhang S, Garcia-Carmona Y, Magri G, Cassis L, Segura-Garzón D, Ciociola A, Grasset EK, Bascones S, Comerma L, Pybus M, Lligé D, Puga I, Gutzeit C, He B, DuBois W, Crespo M, Pascual J, Mensa A, Aróstegui JI, Juan M, Yagüe J, Serrano S, Lloreta J, Meffre E, Hahne M, Cunningham-Rundles C, Mock BA, Cerutti A. mTOR intersects antibody-inducing signals from TACI in marginal zone B cells. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1462. [PMID: 29133782 PMCID: PMC5684130 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01602-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) enhances immunity in addition to orchestrating metabolism. Here we show that mTOR coordinates immunometabolic reconfiguration of marginal zone (MZ) B cells, a pre-activated lymphocyte subset that mounts antibody responses to T-cell-independent antigens through a Toll-like receptor (TLR)-amplified pathway involving transmembrane activator and CAML interactor (TACI). This receptor interacts with mTOR via the TLR adapter MyD88. The resulting mTOR activation instigates MZ B-cell proliferation, immunoglobulin G (IgG) class switching, and plasmablast differentiation through a rapamycin-sensitive pathway that integrates metabolic and antibody-inducing transcription programs, including NF-κB. Disruption of TACI-mTOR interaction by rapamycin, truncation of the MyD88-binding domain of TACI, or B-cell-conditional mTOR deficiency interrupts TACI signaling via NF-κB and cooperation with TLRs, thereby hampering IgG production to T-cell-independent antigens but not B-cell survival. Thus, mTOR drives innate-like antibody responses by linking proximal TACI signaling events with distal immunometabolic transcription programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Sintes
- Program for Inflammatory and Cardiovascular Disorders, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona, 08003, Spain.
| | - Maurizio Gentile
- Program for Inflammatory and Cardiovascular Disorders, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona, 08003, Spain
| | - Shuling Zhang
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Yolanda Garcia-Carmona
- Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Giuliana Magri
- Program for Inflammatory and Cardiovascular Disorders, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona, 08003, Spain
| | - Linda Cassis
- Program for Inflammatory and Cardiovascular Disorders, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona, 08003, Spain
| | - Daniel Segura-Garzón
- Program for Inflammatory and Cardiovascular Disorders, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona, 08003, Spain
| | - Alessandra Ciociola
- Program for Inflammatory and Cardiovascular Disorders, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona, 08003, Spain
| | - Emilie K Grasset
- Department of Medicine, Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine at Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 76, Sweden
| | - Sabrina Bascones
- Program for Inflammatory and Cardiovascular Disorders, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona, 08003, Spain
| | - Laura Comerma
- Program for Inflammatory and Cardiovascular Disorders, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona, 08003, Spain
| | - Marc Pybus
- Program for Inflammatory and Cardiovascular Disorders, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona, 08003, Spain
| | - David Lligé
- Program for Inflammatory and Cardiovascular Disorders, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona, 08003, Spain
| | - Irene Puga
- Program for Inflammatory and Cardiovascular Disorders, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona, 08003, Spain
| | - Cindy Gutzeit
- Department of Medicine, Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Bing He
- Department of Medicine, Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Wendy DuBois
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Marta Crespo
- Department of Nephrology, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona, 08003, Spain
| | - Julio Pascual
- Department of Nephrology, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona, 08003, Spain
| | - Anna Mensa
- Immunology Service, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, 08036, Spain
| | | | - Manel Juan
- Immunology Service, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, 08036, Spain
| | - Jordi Yagüe
- Immunology Service, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, 08036, Spain
| | - Sergi Serrano
- Department of Pathology, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, 08003, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, 08003, Spain
| | - Josep Lloreta
- Department of Pathology, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, 08003, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, 08003, Spain
| | - Eric Meffre
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Michael Hahne
- Molecular Genetics Institute of Montpellier, Montpellier, 34293, France
| | - Charlotte Cunningham-Rundles
- Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Beverly A Mock
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Andrea Cerutti
- Program for Inflammatory and Cardiovascular Disorders, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona, 08003, Spain.
- Department of Medicine, Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
- Catalan Institute for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, 08003, Spain.
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71
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Yu J, Zanotti S, Walia B, Jellison E, Sanjay A, Canalis E. The Hajdu Cheney Mutation Is a Determinant of B-Cell Allocation of the Splenic Marginal Zone. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2017; 188:149-159. [PMID: 29037852 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2017.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The neurogenic locus notch homolog protein (Notch)-2 receptor is a determinant of B-cell allocation, and gain-of-NOTCH2-function mutations are associated with Hajdu-Cheney syndrome (HCS), a disease presenting with osteoporosis and acro-osteolysis. We generated a mouse model reproducing the HCS mutation (Notch2HCS), and heterozygous global mutant mice displayed gain-of-Notch2 function. In the mutant spleen, the characteristic perifollicular rim marking the marginal zone (MZ), which is the interface between the nonlymphoid red pulp and the lymphoid white pulp, merged with components of the white pulp. As a consequence, the MZ of Notch2HCS mice occupied most of the splenic structure. To explore the mechanisms involved, lymphocyte populations from the bone marrow and spleen were harvested from heterozygous Notch2HCS mice and sex-matched control littermates and analyzed by flow cytometry. Notch2HCS mice had an increase in CD21/35highCD23- splenic MZ B cells of approximately fivefold and a proportional decrease in splenic follicular B cells (CD21/35intCD23+) at 1, 2, and 12 months of age. Western blot analysis revealed that Notch2HCS mutant splenocytes had increased phospho-Akt and phospho-Jun N-terminal kinase, and gene expression analysis of splenic CD19+ B cells demonstrated induction of Hes1 and Hes5 in Notch2HCS mutants. Anti-Notch2 antibodies decreased MZ B cells in control and Notch2HCS mice. In conclusion, Notch2HCS mutant mice have increased mature B cells in the MZ of the spleen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungeun Yu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Stefano Zanotti
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, Farmington, Connecticut; Department of Medicine, UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Bhavita Walia
- Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Evan Jellison
- Department of Immunology, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Archana Sanjay
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, Farmington, Connecticut.
| | - Ernesto Canalis
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, Farmington, Connecticut; Department of Medicine, UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, Farmington, Connecticut.
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72
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Alhaj Hussen K, Vu Manh TP, Guimiot F, Nelson E, Chabaane E, Delord M, Barbier M, Berthault C, Dulphy N, Alberdi AJ, Burlen-Defranoux O, Socié G, Bories JC, Larghero J, Vanneaux V, Verhoeyen E, Wirth T, Dalod M, Gluckman JC, Cumano A, Canque B. Molecular and Functional Characterization of Lymphoid Progenitor Subsets Reveals a Bipartite Architecture of Human Lymphopoiesis. Immunity 2017; 47:680-696.e8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2017.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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73
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An aberrant NOTCH2-BCR signaling axis in B cells from patients with chronic GVHD. Blood 2017; 130:2131-2145. [PMID: 28851699 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-05-782466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
B-cell receptor (BCR)-activated B cells contribute to pathogenesis in chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD), a condition manifested by both B-cell autoreactivity and immune deficiency. We hypothesized that constitutive BCR activation precluded functional B-cell maturation in cGVHD. To address this, we examined BCR-NOTCH2 synergy because NOTCH has been shown to increase BCR responsiveness in normal mouse B cells. We conducted ex vivo activation and signaling assays of 30 primary samples from hematopoietic stem cell transplantation patients with and without cGVHD. Consistent with a molecular link between pathways, we found that BCR-NOTCH activation significantly increased the proximal BCR adapter protein BLNK. BCR-NOTCH activation also enabled persistent NOTCH2 surface expression, suggesting a positive feedback loop. Specific NOTCH2 blockade eliminated NOTCH-BCR activation and significantly altered NOTCH downstream targets and B-cell maturation/effector molecules. Examination of the molecular underpinnings of this "NOTCH2-BCR axis" in cGVHD revealed imbalanced expression of the transcription factors IRF4 and IRF8, each critical to B-cell differentiation and fate. All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) increased IRF4 expression, restored the IRF4-to-IRF8 ratio, abrogated BCR-NOTCH hyperactivation, and reduced NOTCH2 expression in cGVHD B cells without compromising viability. ATRA-treated cGVHD B cells had elevated TLR9 and PAX5, but not BLIMP1 (a gene-expression pattern associated with mature follicular B cells) and also attained increased cytosine guanine dinucleotide responsiveness. Together, we reveal a mechanistic link between NOTCH2 activation and robust BCR responses to otherwise suboptimal amounts of surrogate antigen. Our findings suggest that peripheral B cells in cGVHD patients can be pharmacologically directed from hyperactivation toward maturity.
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74
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Pérez-Martínez CA, Maravillas-Montero JL, Meza-Herrera I, Vences-Catalán F, Zlotnik A, Santos-Argumedo L. Tspan33 is Expressed in Transitional and Memory B Cells, but is not Responsible for High ADAM10 Expression. Scand J Immunol 2017; 86:23-30. [PMID: 28449222 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Tetraspanins are a family of transmembrane proteins that form membrane microdomains. They play important roles in migration, adhesion and other cellular processes. TspanC8, a subfamily of tetraspanins, was found to associate and promote ADAM10 trafficking and cell surface localization. One of its members, Tspan33, is expressed in activated B cells. Using RT-PCR and flow cytometry, we analysed the pattern of expression of Tspan33 in B cells from healthy donors. We found Tspan33 expression in early and late stages of B cell development. However, Tspan33 expression did not correlate with ADAM10 surface expression. We also found expression of Tspan33 early in the activation process. Given its predominant expression in activated B cells and in several lymphomas, but not in naive B cells, we hypothesize that Tspan33 could be a potential target for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Pérez-Martínez
- Departamento de Biomedicina Molecular, CINVESTAV-IPN, CDMX, Mexico City, Mexico.,Facultad de Medicina, UNAM, CDMX, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - I Meza-Herrera
- Departamento de Biomedicina Molecular, CINVESTAV-IPN, CDMX, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - F Vences-Catalán
- Departamento de Biomedicina Molecular, CINVESTAV-IPN, CDMX, Mexico City, Mexico.,Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - A Zlotnik
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - L Santos-Argumedo
- Departamento de Biomedicina Molecular, CINVESTAV-IPN, CDMX, Mexico City, Mexico
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75
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Magri G, Comerma L, Pybus M, Sintes J, Lligé D, Segura-Garzón D, Bascones S, Yeste A, Grasset EK, Gutzeit C, Uzzan M, Ramanujam M, van Zelm MC, Albero-González R, Vazquez I, Iglesias M, Serrano S, Márquez L, Mercade E, Mehandru S, Cerutti A. Human Secretory IgM Emerges from Plasma Cells Clonally Related to Gut Memory B Cells and Targets Highly Diverse Commensals. Immunity 2017; 47:118-134.e8. [PMID: 28709802 PMCID: PMC5519504 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2017.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) enhances host-microbiota symbiosis, whereas SIgM remains poorly understood. We found that gut IgM+ plasma cells (PCs) were more abundant in humans than mice and clonally related to a large repertoire of memory IgM+ B cells disseminated throughout the intestine but rare in systemic lymphoid organs. In addition to sharing a gut-specific gene signature with memory IgA+ B cells, memory IgM+ B cells were related to some IgA+ clonotypes and switched to IgA in response to T cell-independent or T cell-dependent signals. These signals induced abundant IgM which, together with SIgM from clonally affiliated PCs, recognized mucus-embedded commensals. Bacteria recognized by human SIgM were dually coated by SIgA and showed increased richness and diversity compared to IgA-only-coated or uncoated bacteria. Thus, SIgM may emerge from pre-existing memory rather than newly activated naive IgM+ B cells and could help SIgA to anchor highly diverse commensal communities to mucus. IgM+ PCs generating SIgM are relatively abundant in human but not mouse gut IgM+ PCs clonally relate to a large gut repertoire of memory IgM+ B cells Gut memory IgM+ B cells express a tissue-specific signature and can switch to IgA Human but not mouse SIgM binds a highly diverse microbiota dually coated by SIgA
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliana Magri
- Program for Inflammatory and Cardiovascular Disorders, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona 08003, Spain.
| | - Laura Comerma
- Program for Inflammatory and Cardiovascular Disorders, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Marc Pybus
- Program for Inflammatory and Cardiovascular Disorders, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Jordi Sintes
- Program for Inflammatory and Cardiovascular Disorders, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - David Lligé
- Program for Inflammatory and Cardiovascular Disorders, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Daniel Segura-Garzón
- Program for Inflammatory and Cardiovascular Disorders, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Sabrina Bascones
- Program for Inflammatory and Cardiovascular Disorders, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Ada Yeste
- Program for Inflammatory and Cardiovascular Disorders, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Emilie K Grasset
- Department of Medicine, Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 76, Sweden
| | - Cindy Gutzeit
- Department of Medicine, Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Mathieu Uzzan
- Department of Medicine, Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Meera Ramanujam
- Immunology and Respiratory Disease Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, CT 06877, USA
| | - Menno C van Zelm
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University and Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | | | - Ivonne Vazquez
- Pathology Department, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Mar Iglesias
- Pathology Department, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona 08003, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Sergi Serrano
- Pathology Department, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona 08003, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Lucía Márquez
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Elena Mercade
- Department of Biology, Health and Environment, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Saurabh Mehandru
- Department of Medicine, Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Andrea Cerutti
- Program for Inflammatory and Cardiovascular Disorders, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona 08003, Spain; Department of Medicine, Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Catalan Institute for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona 08003, Spain.
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76
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Malkiel S, Jeganathan V, Wolfson S, Manjarrez Orduño N, Marasco E, Aranow C, Mackay M, Gregersen PK, Diamond B. Checkpoints for Autoreactive B Cells in the Peripheral Blood of Lupus Patients Assessed by Flow Cytometry. Arthritis Rheumatol 2017; 68:2210-20. [PMID: 27059652 DOI: 10.1002/art.39710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs) are diagnostic in several autoimmune disorders, yet the failure to achieve B cell tolerance in these diseases is still poorly understood. Although secreted ANAs detected by an indirect immunofluorescence assay are the gold standard for autoreactivity, there has been no convenient assay with which to measure the frequency of circulating B cells that recognize nuclear antigens (ANA+ B cells) in patients. The aim of this study was to generate an assay to easily identify these B cells and to examine its utility in a study of autoreactive B cells in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). METHODS We developed and validated a novel flow cytometry-based assay that identifies ANA+ B cells using biotinylated nuclear extracts, and utilized it to examine B cell tolerance checkpoints in peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from SLE patients and healthy controls. RESULTS We observed progressive selection against ANA+ B cells as they matured from transitional to naive to CD27+IgD- and CD27+IgD+ memory cells in both healthy subjects and SLE patients; however, ANA+ naive B cells in SLE patients were not anergized to the same extent as in healthy individuals. We also showed that anergy induction is restored in SLE patients treated with belimumab, an inhibitor of BAFF. CONCLUSION This assay will enable studies of large populations to identify potential genetic or environmental factors affecting B cell tolerance checkpoints in healthy subjects and patients with autoimmune disease and permit monitoring of the B cell response to therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Cynthia Aranow
- Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York
| | - Meggan Mackay
- Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York
| | - Peter K Gregersen
- Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York
| | - Betty Diamond
- Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York
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77
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Nus M, Sage AP, Lu Y, Masters L, Lam BYH, Newland S, Weller S, Tsiantoulas D, Raffort J, Marcus D, Finigan A, Kitt L, Figg N, Schirmbeck R, Kneilling M, Yeo GSH, Binder CJ, de la Pompa JL, Mallat Z. Marginal zone B cells control the response of follicular helper T cells to a high-cholesterol diet. Nat Med 2017; 23:601-610. [DOI: 10.1038/nm.4315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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78
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Hammad H, Vanderkerken M, Pouliot P, Deswarte K, Toussaint W, Vergote K, Vandersarren L, Janssens S, Ramou I, Savvides SN, Haigh JJ, Hendriks R, Kopf M, Craessaerts K, de Strooper B, Kearney JF, Conrad DH, Lambrecht BN. Transitional B cells commit to marginal zone B cell fate by Taok3-mediated surface expression of ADAM10. Nat Immunol 2017; 18:313-320. [PMID: 28068307 DOI: 10.1038/ni.3657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Notch2 and B cell antigen receptor (BCR) signaling determine whether transitional B cells become marginal zone B (MZB) or follicular B (FoB) cells in the spleen, but it is unknown how these pathways are related. We generated Taok3-/- mice, lacking the serine/threonine kinase Taok3, and found cell-intrinsic defects in the development of MZB but not FoB cells. Type 1 transitional (T1) B cells required Taok3 to rapidly respond to ligation by the Notch ligand Delta-like 1. BCR ligation by endogenous or exogenous ligands induced the surface expression of the metalloproteinase ADAM10 on T1 B cells in a Taok3-dependent manner. T1 B cells expressing surface ADAM10 were committed to becoming MZB cells in vivo, whereas T1 B cells lacking expression of ADAM10 were not. Thus, during positive selection in the spleen, BCR signaling causes immature T1 B cells to become receptive to Notch ligands via Taok3-mediated surface expression of ADAM10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamida Hammad
- VIB Inflammation Research Center, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Matthias Vanderkerken
- VIB Inflammation Research Center, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Philippe Pouliot
- VIB Inflammation Research Center, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kim Deswarte
- VIB Inflammation Research Center, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wendy Toussaint
- VIB Inflammation Research Center, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Karl Vergote
- VIB Inflammation Research Center, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lana Vandersarren
- VIB Inflammation Research Center, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sophie Janssens
- VIB Inflammation Research Center, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ioanna Ramou
- VIB Inflammation Research Center, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,The Laboratory for Protein Biochemistry and Biomolecular Engineering (L-Probe), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Savvas N Savvides
- VIB Inflammation Research Center, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,The Laboratory for Protein Biochemistry and Biomolecular Engineering (L-Probe), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jody J Haigh
- VIB Inflammation Research Center, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rudi Hendriks
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Manfred Kopf
- Institute for Molecular Health Sciences, ETH, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Katleen Craessaerts
- VIB Center for Brain and Disease, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.,Center for Human Genetics, KULeuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bart de Strooper
- VIB Center for Brain and Disease, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.,Center for Human Genetics, KULeuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - John F Kearney
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Daniel H Conrad
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Bart N Lambrecht
- VIB Inflammation Research Center, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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79
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Aranburu A, Piano Mortari E, Baban A, Giorda E, Cascioli S, Marcellini V, Scarsella M, Ceccarelli S, Corbelli S, Cantarutti N, De Vito R, Inserra A, Nicolosi L, Lanfranchi A, Porta F, Cancrini C, Finocchi A, Carsetti R. Human B-cell memory is shaped by age- and tissue-specific T-independent and GC-dependent events. Eur J Immunol 2016; 47:327-344. [PMID: 27859047 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201646642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Switched and IgM memory B cells execute different and noninterchangeable functions. We studied memory B cells in children of different ages, in peripheral blood and spleen and compared them with those of children born asplenic or unable to build germinal centers. We show that, whereas switched memory B cells are mostly generated in the germinal centers at all ages, IgM memory B cells can be distinct in three types with different developmental history. Innate IgM memory B cells, the largest pool in infants, are generated in the spleen by a germinal center-independent mechanism. With age, if the spleen is present and germinal centers are functional, innate IgM memory B cells are remodelled and accumulate somatic mutations. The third type of IgM memory B cell is a by-product of the germinal center reaction. Our data suggest that the B-cell memory developmental program is implemented during the first 5-6 years of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaitz Aranburu
- B Cell Physiopathology Unit, Immunology Research Area, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino, Gesù IRCSS, Roma, Italy
| | - Eva Piano Mortari
- B Cell Physiopathology Unit, Immunology Research Area, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino, Gesù IRCSS, Roma, Italy
| | - Anwar Baban
- Medical and Surgical Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, Rome
| | - Ezio Giorda
- B Cell Physiopathology Unit, Immunology Research Area, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino, Gesù IRCSS, Roma, Italy
| | - Simona Cascioli
- B Cell Physiopathology Unit, Immunology Research Area, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino, Gesù IRCSS, Roma, Italy
| | - Valentina Marcellini
- B Cell Physiopathology Unit, Immunology Research Area, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino, Gesù IRCSS, Roma, Italy
| | - Marco Scarsella
- B Cell Physiopathology Unit, Immunology Research Area, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino, Gesù IRCSS, Roma, Italy
| | - Sara Ceccarelli
- B Cell Physiopathology Unit, Immunology Research Area, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino, Gesù IRCSS, Roma, Italy
| | - Sandro Corbelli
- Core Facilities, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Cantarutti
- Medical and Surgical Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, Rome
| | - Rita De Vito
- Division of Pathology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Inserra
- Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Luciana Nicolosi
- Department of Pediatrics, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Fulvio Porta
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Caterina Cancrini
- DPUO, University Department of Pediatrics, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital and University of Tor Vergata School of Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Finocchi
- DPUO, University Department of Pediatrics, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital and University of Tor Vergata School of Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - Rita Carsetti
- B Cell Physiopathology Unit, Immunology Research Area, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino, Gesù IRCSS, Roma, Italy.,Diagnostic Immunology Unit, Department of Oncohematology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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80
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Spina V, Rossi D. Molecular pathogenesis of splenic and nodal marginal zone lymphoma. Best Pract Res Clin Haematol 2016; 30:5-12. [PMID: 28288716 DOI: 10.1016/j.beha.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Genomic studies have improved our understanding of the biological basis of splenic (SMZL) and nodal (NMZL) marginal zone lymphoma by providing a comprehensive and unbiased view of the genes/pathways that are deregulated in these diseases. Consistent with the physiological involvement of NOTCH, NF-κB, B-cell receptor and toll-like receptor signaling in mature B-cells differentiation into the marginal zone B-cells, many oncogenic mutations of genes involved in these pathways have been identified in SMZL and NMZL. Beside genetic lesions, also epigenetic and post-transcriptional modifications contribute to the deregulation of marginal zone B-cell differentiation pathways in SMZL and NMZL. This review describes the progress in understanding the molecular mechanism underlying SMZL and NMZL, including molecular and post-transcriptional modifications, and discusses how information gained from these efforts has provided new insights on potential targets of diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic relevance in SMZL and NMZL.
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MESH Headings
- B-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Cell Differentiation
- Epigenesis, Genetic
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone/diagnosis
- Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone/genetics
- Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone/metabolism
- Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone/therapy
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism
- Protein Processing, Post-Translational
- Splenic Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Splenic Neoplasms/genetics
- Splenic Neoplasms/metabolism
- Splenic Neoplasms/therapy
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Spina
- Hematology, Institute of Oncology Research and Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Davide Rossi
- Hematology, Institute of Oncology Research and Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland.
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81
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McGaha TL, Karlsson MCI. Apoptotic cell responses in the splenic marginal zone: a paradigm for immunologic reactions to apoptotic antigens with implications for autoimmunity. Immunol Rev 2016; 269:26-43. [PMID: 26683143 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Apoptotic cells drive innate regulatory responses that result in tolerogenic immunity. This is a critical aspect of cell physiology as apoptotic cells expose potentially dangerous nuclear antigens on the surface in apoptotic blebs, and failure in their recognition, phagocytosis, or destruction can cause dramatic autoimmunity in experimental models and is linked to development and progression of systemic pathology in human. The marginal zone is a specialized splenic environment that serves as a transitional site from circulation to peripheral lymphoid structures. The marginal zone serves a key role in trapping of particulates and initiation of innate responses against systemic microbial pathogens. However in recent years, it has become clear the marginal zone is also important for initiation of immune tolerance to apoptotic cells, driving a coordinated response involving multiple phagocyte and lymphocyte subsets. Recent reports linking defects in splenic macrophage function to systemic lupus erythematosus in a manner analogous to marginal zone macrophages in lupus-prone mice provide an impetus to better understand the mechanistic basis of the apoptotic cell response in the marginal zone and its general applicability to apoptotic cell-driven tolerance at other tissue sites. In this review, we discuss immune responses to apoptotic cells in the spleen in general and the marginal zone in particular, the relationship of these responses to autoimmune disease, and comparisons to apoptotic cell immunity in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy L McGaha
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mikael C I Karlsson
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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82
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Seifert M, Küppers R. Human memory B cells. Leukemia 2016; 30:2283-2292. [DOI: 10.1038/leu.2016.226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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83
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Zong D, Ouyang R, Li J, Chen Y, Chen P. Notch signaling in lung diseases: focus on Notch1 and Notch3. Ther Adv Respir Dis 2016; 10:468-84. [PMID: 27378579 PMCID: PMC5933616 DOI: 10.1177/1753465816654873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Notch signaling is an evolutionarily conserved cell–cell communication mechanism
that plays a key role in lung homeostasis, injury and repair. The loss of
regulation of Notch signaling, especially Notch1 and Notch3, has recently been
linked to the pathogenesis of important lung diseases, in particular, chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary
arterial hypertension (PAH), lung cancer and lung lesions in some congenital
diseases. This review focuses on recent advances related to the mechanisms and
the consequences of aberrant or absent Notch1/3 activity in the initiation and
progression of lung diseases. Our increasing understanding of this signaling
pathway offers great hope that manipulating Notch signaling may represent a
promising alternative complementary therapeutic strategy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Zong
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ruoyun Ouyang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jinhua Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ping Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, Hunan 410011, People's Republic of China
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84
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Mariotto A, Pavlova O, Park HS, Huber M, Hohl D. HOPX: The Unusual Homeodomain-Containing Protein. J Invest Dermatol 2016; 136:905-911. [PMID: 27017330 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The homeodomain-only protein homeobox (HOPX) is the smallest known member of the homeodomain-containing protein family, atypically unable to bind DNA. HOPX is widely expressed in diverse tissues, where it is critically involved in the regulation of proliferation and differentiation. In human skin, HOPX controls epidermal formation through the regulation of late differentiation markers, and HOPX expression correlates with the level of differentiation in cutaneous pathologies. In mouse skin, Hopx was additionally identified as a lineage tracing marker of quiescent hair follicle stem cells. This review discusses current knowledge of HOPX structure and function in normal and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Mariotto
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Biology, Service of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Olesya Pavlova
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Biology, Service of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hyun-Sook Park
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Biology, Service of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marcel Huber
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Biology, Service of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Hohl
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Biology, Service of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland.
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85
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Vásquez C, Franco MA, Angel J. Rapid Proliferation and Differentiation of a Subset of Circulating IgM Memory B Cells to a CpG/Cytokine Stimulus In Vitro. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139718. [PMID: 26439739 PMCID: PMC4595470 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating human IgM expressing memory B cells have been incompletely characterized. Here, we compared the phenotype and in vitro functional response (capacity to proliferate and differentiate to antibody secreting cells) in response to CpG and a cytokine cocktail (IL-2, IL-6, and IL-10) of sorted naïve B cells, IgM memory B cells and isotype-switched circulating memory B cells. Compared to naïve B cells, IgM memory B cells had lower integrated mean fluorescence intensity (iMFI) of BAFF-R, CD38, CD73, and IL-21R, but higher iMFI of CD95, CD11c, TLR9, PD-1, and CD122. Compared to switched memory B cells, IgM memory B cells had higher iMFI of BAFF-R, PD-1, IL-21R, TLR9, and CD122, but lower iMFI of CD38, CD95, and CD73. Four days after receiving the CpG/cytokine cocktail, higher frequencies of IgM than switched memory B cells—and these in turn greater than naïve cells—proliferated and differentiated to antibody secreting cells. At this time point, a small percentage (median of 7.6%) of stimulated IgM memory B cells changed isotype to IgG. Thus, among the heterogeneous population of human circulating IgM memory B cells a subset is capable of a rapid functional response to a CpG/cytokine stimulus in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilo Vásquez
- Instituto de Genética Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Manuel A. Franco
- Instituto de Genética Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Juana Angel
- Instituto de Genética Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
- * E-mail:
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86
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Complexity of the human memory B-cell compartment is determined by the versatility of clonal diversification in germinal centers. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:E5281-9. [PMID: 26324941 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1511270112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Our knowledge about the clonal composition and intraclonal diversity of the human memory B-cell compartment and the relationship between memory B-cell subsets is still limited, although these are central issues for our understanding of adaptive immunity. We performed a deep sequencing analysis of rearranged immunoglobulin (Ig) heavy chain genes from biological replicates, covering more than 100,000 memory B lymphocytes from two healthy adults. We reveal a highly similar B-cell receptor repertoire among the four main human IgM(+) and IgG(+) memory B-cell subsets. Strikingly, in both donors, 45% of sequences could be assigned to expanded clones, demonstrating that the human memory B-cell compartment is characterized by many, often very large, B-cell clones. Twenty percent of the clones consisted of class switched and IgM(+)(IgD(+)) members, a feature that correlated significantly with clone size. Hence, we provide strong evidence that the vast majority of Ig mutated B cells--including IgM(+)IgD(+)CD27(+) B cells--are post-germinal center (GC) memory B cells. Clone members showed high intraclonal sequence diversity and high intraclonal versatility in Ig class and IgG subclass composition, with particular patterns of memory B-cell clone generation in GC reactions. In conclusion, GC produce amazingly large, complex, and diverse memory B-cell clones, equipping the human immune system with a versatile and highly diverse compartment of IgM(+)(IgD(+)) and class-switched memory B cells.
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87
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Weller S, Descatoire M. [IgM+IgD+CD27+ B cells in human: an essential role in the protection against encapsulated bacteria]. Med Sci (Paris) 2015; 31:647-53. [PMID: 26152169 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/20153106018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In humans, CD27+ blood B cells with mutated immunoglobulin (Ig) receptors comprise two major populations: isotype-switched memory cells (IgG+ or IgA+CD27+) and IgM+IgD+CD27+ cells. While switched CD27+ cells are generated in germinal centers (GC) by T-dependent (TD) responses, the origin of IgM+IgD+CD27+ cells is still controversial. Data including ours support the view that these cells can develop and mutate along a GC-independent pathway and that they represent circulating marginal zone B (MZB) cells involved in T-independent (TI) responses. Our data provide evidence for a developmental diversification of these MZB cells, at least in very young children, outside of TD and TI immune responses. The identification of a human MZB cell precursor with NOTCH2-dependent differentiation properties further argue in favor of the existence of a MZB cell lineage in humans, like in rodents. At last, a role for Toll-like receptors in the development and/or maintenance of IgM+IgD+CD27+ B cells is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Weller
- Institut Necker-Enfants malades (INEM), Inserm U1151, CNRS UMR 8253, université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, faculté de médecine, site Broussais, 14, rue Maria Helena Viera Da Silva, 75993 Paris Cedex 14, France
| | - Marc Descatoire
- Institut Necker-Enfants malades (INEM), Inserm U1151, CNRS UMR 8253, université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, faculté de médecine, site Broussais, 14, rue Maria Helena Viera Da Silva, 75993 Paris Cedex 14, France
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88
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Blombery PA, Wall M, Seymour JF. The molecular pathogenesis of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Eur J Haematol 2015; 95:280-93. [DOI: 10.1111/ejh.12589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Meaghan Wall
- Victorian Cancer Cytogenetics Service; St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne; University of Melbourne; Fitzroy Vic. Australia
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89
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Braggio E, Van Wier S, Ojha J, McPhail E, Asmann YW, Egan J, da Silva JA, Schiff D, Lopes MB, Decker PA, Valdez R, Tibes R, Eckloff B, Witzig TE, Stewart AK, Fonseca R, O'Neill BP. Genome-Wide Analysis Uncovers Novel Recurrent Alterations in Primary Central Nervous System Lymphomas. Clin Cancer Res 2015; 21:3986-94. [PMID: 25991819 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-2116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is an aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma confined to the central nervous system. Whether there is a PCNSL-specific genomic signature and, if so, how it differs from systemic diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is uncertain. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We performed a comprehensive genomic study of tumor samples from 19 immunocompetent PCNSL patients. Testing comprised array-comparative genomic hybridization and whole exome sequencing. RESULTS Biallelic inactivation of TOX and PRKCD was recurrently found in PCNSL but not in systemic DLBCL, suggesting a specific role in PCNSL pathogenesis. In addition, we found a high prevalence of MYD88 mutations (79%) and CDKN2A biallelic loss (60%). Several genes recurrently affected in PCNSL were common with systemic DLBCL, including loss of TNFAIP3, PRDM1, GNA13, TMEM30A, TBL1XR1, B2M, CD58, activating mutations of CD79B, CARD11, and translocations IgH-BCL6. Overall, B-cell receptor/Toll-like receptor/NF-κB pathways were altered in >90% of PNCSL, highlighting its value for targeted therapeutic approaches. Furthermore, integrated analysis showed enrichment of pathways associated with immune response, proliferation, apoptosis, and lymphocyte differentiation. CONCLUSIONS In summary, genome-wide analysis uncovered novel recurrent alterations, including TOX and PRKCD, helping to differentiate PCNSL from systemic DLBCL and related lymphomas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jan Egan
- Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona
| | | | - David Schiff
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
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90
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Bemark M. Translating transitions - how to decipher peripheral human B cell development. J Biomed Res 2015; 29:264-84. [PMID: 26243514 PMCID: PMC4547376 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.29.20150035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
During the last two decades our understanding of human B cell differentiation has developed considerably. Our understanding of the human B cell compartment has advanced from a point where essentially all assays were based on the presence or not of class-switched antibodies to a level where a substantial diversity is appreciated among the cells involved. Several consecutive transitional stages that newly formed IgM expressing B cells go through after they leave the bone marrow, but before they are fully mature, have been described, and a significant complexity is also acknowledged within the IgM expressing and class-switched memory B cell compartments. It is possible to isolate plasma blasts in blood to follow the formation of plasma cells during immune responses, and the importance and uniqueness of the mucosal IgA system is now much more appreciated. Current data suggest the presence of at least one lineage of human innate-like B cells akin to B1 and/or marginal zone B cells in mice. In addition, regulatory B cells with the ability to produce IL-10 have been identified. Clinically, B cell depletion therapy is used for a broad range of conditions. The ability to define different human B cell subtypes using flow cytometry has therefore started to come into clinical use, but as our understanding of human B cell development further progresses, B cell subtype analysis will be of increasing importance in diagnosis, to measure the effect of immune therapy and to understand the underlying causes for diseases. In this review the diversity of human B cells will be discussed, with special focus on current data regarding their phenotypes and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mats Bemark
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Sahlgrenska University hospital, SE 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden.,Mucosal Immunobiology and Vaccine Center (MIVAC), Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden.
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91
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Functional capacities of human IgM memory B cells in early inflammatory responses and secondary germinal center reactions. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:E546-55. [PMID: 25624468 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1416276112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The generation and functions of human peripheral blood (PB) IgM(+)IgD(+)CD27(+) B lymphocytes with somatically mutated IgV genes are controversially discussed. We determined their differential gene expression to naive B cells and to IgM-only and IgG(+) memory B cells. This analysis revealed a high similarity of IgM(+)(IgD(+))CD27(+) and IgG(+) memory B cells but also pointed at distinct functional capacities of both subsets. In vitro analyses revealed a tendency of activated IgM(+)IgD(+)CD27(+) B cells to migrate to B-cell follicles and undergo germinal center (GC) B-cell differentiation, whereas activated IgG(+) memory B cells preferentially showed a plasma cell (PC) fate. This observation was supported by reverse regulation of B-cell lymphoma 6 and PR domain containing 1 and differential BTB and CNC homology 1, basic leucine zipper transcription factor 2 expression. Moreover, IgM(+)IgD(+)CD27(+) B lymphocytes preferentially responded to neutrophil-derived cytokines. Costimulation with catecholamines, carcinoembryonic antigen cell adhesion molecule 8 (CEACAM8), and IFN-γ caused differentiation of IgM(+)IgD(+)CD27(+) B cells into PCs, induced class switching to IgG2, and was reproducible in cocultures with neutrophils. In conclusion, this study substantiates memory B-cell characteristics of human IgM(+)IgD(+)CD27(+) B cells in that they share typical memory B-cell transcription patterns with IgG(+) post-GC B cells and show a faster and more vigorous restimulation potential, a hallmark of immune memory. Moreover, this work reveals a functional plasticity of human IgM memory B cells by showing their propensity to undergo secondary GC reactions upon reactivation, but also by their special role in early inflammation via interaction with immunomodulatory neutrophils.
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