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VLA-4 Expression and Activation in B Cell Malignancies: Functional and Clinical Aspects. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21062206. [PMID: 32210016 PMCID: PMC7139737 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21062206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lineage commitment and differentiation of hematopoietic cells takes place in well-defined microenvironmental surroundings. Communication with other cell types is a vital prerequisite for the normal functions of the immune system, while disturbances in this communication support the development and progression of neoplastic disease. Integrins such as the integrin very late antigen-4 (VLA-4; CD49d/CD29) control the localization of healthy as well as malignant B cells within the tissue, and thus determine the patterns of organ infiltration. Malignant B cells retain some key characteristics of their normal counterparts, with B cell receptor (BCR) signaling and integrin-mediated adhesion being essential mediators of tumor cell homing, survival and proliferation. It is thus not surprising that targeting the BCR pathway using small molecule inhibitors has proved highly effective in the treatment of B cell malignancies. Attenuation of BCR-dependent lymphoma–microenvironment interactions was, in this regard, described as a main mechanism critically contributing to the efficacy of these agents. Here, we review the contribution of VLA-4 to normal B cell differentiation on the one hand, and to the pathophysiology of B cell malignancies on the other hand. We describe its impact as a prognostic marker, its interplay with BCR signaling and its predictive role for novel BCR-targeting therapies, in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and beyond.
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52
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Lai MZ, Song PR, Dou D, Diao YY, Tong LJ, Zhang T, Xie H, Li HL, Ding J. Discovery and biological evaluation of N-(3-(7-((2-methoxy-4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)phenyl)amino)-4-methyl-2-oxo-2H-pyrimido[4,5-d][1,3]oxazin-1(4H)-yl)phenyl)acrylamide as potent Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2020; 41:415-422. [PMID: 31316181 PMCID: PMC7468319 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-019-0250-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) is a key component of the B cell receptor (BCR) signaling pathway and plays a crucial role in B cell malignancies and autoimmune disorders; thus, it is an attractive target for the treatment of B cell related diseases. Here, we evaluated the BTK inhibitory activity of a series of pyrimido[4,5-d][1,3]oxazin-2-one derivatives. Combining this evaluation with structure-activity relationship (SAR) analysis, we found that compound 2 exhibited potent BTK kinase inhibitory activity, with an IC50 of 7 nM. This derivative markedly inhibited BTK activation in TMD8 B cell lymphoma cells and thus inhibited the in vitro growth of the cells. Further studies revealed that compound 2 dose dependently arrested TMD8 cells at G1 phase, accompanied by decreased levels of Rb, phosphorylated Rb, and cyclin D1. Moreover, following treatment with compound 2, TMD8 cells underwent apoptosis associated with PARP and caspase 3 cleavage. Interestingly, the results of the kinase activity assay on a small panel of 35 kinases showed that the kinase selectivity of compound 2 was superior to that of the first-generation inhibitor ibrutinib, suggesting that compound 2 could be a second-generation inhibitor of BTK. In conclusion, we identified a potent and highly selective BTK inhibitor worthy of further development.
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53
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Szenes E, Härzschel A, Decker S, Tissino E, Pischeli J, Gutjahr JC, Kissel S, Pennisi S, Höpner JP, Egle A, Zaborsky N, Dierks C, Follo M, Chigaev A, Zucchetto A, Greil R, Gattei V, Hartmann TN. TCL1 transgenic mice as a model for CD49d-high chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Leukemia 2020; 34:2498-2502. [PMID: 32086446 PMCID: PMC7449868 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-020-0759-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Szenes
- Department of Internal Medicine III with Hematology, Medical Oncology, Hemostaseology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Oncologic Center, Salzburg Cancer Research Institute-Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research (SCRI-LIMCR), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Andrea Härzschel
- Department of Internal Medicine III with Hematology, Medical Oncology, Hemostaseology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Oncologic Center, Salzburg Cancer Research Institute-Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research (SCRI-LIMCR), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Decker
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Erika Tissino
- Clinical and Experimental Onco-Hematology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Justine Pischeli
- Department of Internal Medicine III with Hematology, Medical Oncology, Hemostaseology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Oncologic Center, Salzburg Cancer Research Institute-Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research (SCRI-LIMCR), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Julia Christine Gutjahr
- Department of Internal Medicine III with Hematology, Medical Oncology, Hemostaseology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Oncologic Center, Salzburg Cancer Research Institute-Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research (SCRI-LIMCR), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Sandra Kissel
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sandra Pennisi
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jan Philip Höpner
- Department of Internal Medicine III with Hematology, Medical Oncology, Hemostaseology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Oncologic Center, Salzburg Cancer Research Institute-Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research (SCRI-LIMCR), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Alexander Egle
- Department of Internal Medicine III with Hematology, Medical Oncology, Hemostaseology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Oncologic Center, Salzburg Cancer Research Institute-Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research (SCRI-LIMCR), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Nadja Zaborsky
- Department of Internal Medicine III with Hematology, Medical Oncology, Hemostaseology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Oncologic Center, Salzburg Cancer Research Institute-Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research (SCRI-LIMCR), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Christine Dierks
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marie Follo
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alexandre Chigaev
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Antonella Zucchetto
- Clinical and Experimental Onco-Hematology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Richard Greil
- Department of Internal Medicine III with Hematology, Medical Oncology, Hemostaseology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Oncologic Center, Salzburg Cancer Research Institute-Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research (SCRI-LIMCR), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Valter Gattei
- Clinical and Experimental Onco-Hematology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Tanja Nicole Hartmann
- Department of Internal Medicine III with Hematology, Medical Oncology, Hemostaseology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Oncologic Center, Salzburg Cancer Research Institute-Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research (SCRI-LIMCR), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria. .,Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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54
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Arruga F, Bracciamà V, Vitale N, Vaisitti T, Gizzi K, Yeomans A, Coscia M, D'Arena G, Gaidano G, Allan JN, Furman RR, Packham G, Forconi F, Deaglio S. Bidirectional linkage between the B-cell receptor and NOTCH1 in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and in Richter's syndrome: therapeutic implications. Leukemia 2020; 34:462-477. [PMID: 31467429 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-019-0571-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
NOTCH1 mutations in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) lead to accumulation of NOTCH1 intracellular domain (NICD) and prolong signaling. These mutations associate with a more aggressive disease compared to wild-type (WT) CLL. In this work we demonstrate a bidirectional functional relationship between NOTCH1 and the B cell receptor (BCR) pathways. By using highly homogeneous cohorts of primary CLL cells, activation of NOTCH1 is shown to increase expression of surface IgM, as well as LYN, BTK, and BLNK, ultimately enhancing BCR signaling responses, including global mRNA translation. Upon BCR cross-linking, NOTCH1 itself is actively translated and increased on cell surface. Furthermore, BCR ligation induces calcium mobilization that can facilitate ligand-independent NOTCH1 activation. These data suggest that the two pathways are functionally linked, providing a rationale for dual inhibition strategies. Consistently, addition of the γ-secretase inhibitor DAPT to ibrutinib significantly potentiates its effects, both in vitro and in a short-term patient-derived xenograft model. While this observation may find limited applications in the CLL field, it is more relevant for Richter's Syndrome (RS) management, where very few successful therapeutic options exist. Treatment of RS-patient-derived xenografts (RS-PDX) with the combination of ibrutinib and DAPT decreases disease burden and increases overall survival.
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MESH Headings
- Adenine/analogs & derivatives
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases/metabolism
- Animals
- Calcium/metabolism
- Diamines/therapeutic use
- Female
- Humans
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/metabolism
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, SCID
- Middle Aged
- Piperidines
- Pyrazoles/therapeutic use
- Pyrimidines/therapeutic use
- Receptor, Notch1/metabolism
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Syndrome
- Thiazoles/therapeutic use
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Arruga
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
| | | | - Nicoletta Vitale
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Tiziana Vaisitti
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Alison Yeomans
- Cancer Sciences Unit, Haematological Oncology Group, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Marta Coscia
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Division of Hematology, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Giovanni D'Arena
- Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, IRCCS Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Gianluca Gaidano
- Division of Hematology, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - John N Allan
- Department of Hematology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Richard R Furman
- Department of Hematology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Graham Packham
- Cancer Sciences Unit, Haematological Oncology Group, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Francesco Forconi
- Cancer Sciences Unit, Haematological Oncology Group, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Silvia Deaglio
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
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55
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Del Papa B, Baldoni S, Dorillo E, De Falco F, Rompietti C, Cecchini D, Cantelmi MG, Sorcini D, Nogarotto M, Adamo FM, Mezzasoma F, Silva Barcelos EC, Albi E, Iacucci Ostini R, Di Tommaso A, Marra A, Montanaro G, Martelli MP, Falzetti F, Di Ianni M, Rosati E, Sportoletti P. Decreased NOTCH1 Activation Correlates with Response to Ibrutinib in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 25:7540-7553. [PMID: 31578228 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-1009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Ibrutinib, a Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor (BTKi), has improved the outcomes of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), but primary resistance or relapse are issues of increasing significance. While the predominant mechanism of action of BTKi is the B-cell receptor (BCR) blockade, many off-target effects are unknown. We investigated potential interactions between BCR pathway and NOTCH1 activity in ibrutinib-treated CLL to identify new mechanisms of therapy resistance and markers to monitor disease response. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN NOTCH activations was evaluated either in vitro and ex vivo in CLL samples after ibrutinib treatment by Western blotting. Confocal proximity ligation assay (PLA) experiments and analyses of down-targets of NOTCH1 by qRT-PCR were used to investigate the cross-talk between BTK and NOTCH1. RESULTS In vitro ibrutinib treatment of CLL significantly reduced activated NOTCH1/2 and induced dephosphorylation of eIF4E, a NOTCH target in CLL. BCR stimulation increased the expression of activated NOTCH1 that accumulated in the nucleus leading to HES1, DTX1, and c-MYC transcription. Results of in situ PLA experiments revealed the presence of NOTCH1-ICD/BTK complexes, whose number was reduced after ibrutinib treatment. In ibrutinib-treated CLL patients, leukemic cells showed NOTCH1 activity downregulation that deepened over time. The NOTCH1 signaling was restored at relapse and remained activated in ibrutinib-resistant CLL cells. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated a strong clinical activity of ibrutinib in a real-life context. The ibrutinib clinical efficacy was associated with NOTCH1 activity downregulation that deepened over time. Our data point to NOTCH1 as a new molecular partner in BCR signaling with potential to further improve CLL-targeted treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Del Papa
- Institute of Hematology-Centro di Ricerca Emato-Oncologica (CREO), University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Stefano Baldoni
- Institute of Hematology-Centro di Ricerca Emato-Oncologica (CREO), University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.,Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, Hematology Section, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Erica Dorillo
- Institute of Hematology-Centro di Ricerca Emato-Oncologica (CREO), University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Filomena De Falco
- Institute of Hematology-Centro di Ricerca Emato-Oncologica (CREO), University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Chiara Rompietti
- Institute of Hematology-Centro di Ricerca Emato-Oncologica (CREO), University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Debora Cecchini
- Institute of Hematology-Centro di Ricerca Emato-Oncologica (CREO), University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Cantelmi
- Institute of Hematology-Centro di Ricerca Emato-Oncologica (CREO), University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Daniele Sorcini
- Institute of Hematology-Centro di Ricerca Emato-Oncologica (CREO), University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Manuel Nogarotto
- Institute of Hematology-Centro di Ricerca Emato-Oncologica (CREO), University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesco Maria Adamo
- Institute of Hematology-Centro di Ricerca Emato-Oncologica (CREO), University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Federica Mezzasoma
- Institute of Hematology-Centro di Ricerca Emato-Oncologica (CREO), University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Estevão Carlos Silva Barcelos
- Institute of Hematology-Centro di Ricerca Emato-Oncologica (CREO), University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.,Department of Biological Sciences, Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology (UFES), Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitória-ES, Brazil
| | - Elisa Albi
- Institute of Hematology-Centro di Ricerca Emato-Oncologica (CREO), University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Roberta Iacucci Ostini
- Institute of Hematology-Centro di Ricerca Emato-Oncologica (CREO), University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Ambra Di Tommaso
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, Hematology Section, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Andrea Marra
- Institute of Hematology-Centro di Ricerca Emato-Oncologica (CREO), University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Guido Montanaro
- Institute of Hematology-Centro di Ricerca Emato-Oncologica (CREO), University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.,Department of Hematology, Transfusion Medicine and Biotechnologies, Ospedale Civile, Pescara, Italy
| | - Maria Paola Martelli
- Institute of Hematology-Centro di Ricerca Emato-Oncologica (CREO), University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Franca Falzetti
- Institute of Hematology-Centro di Ricerca Emato-Oncologica (CREO), University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Mauro Di Ianni
- Department of Hematology, Transfusion Medicine and Biotechnologies, Ospedale Civile, Pescara, Italy.,Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University of Chieti Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Emanuela Rosati
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Biosciences and Medical Embriology Section, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Paolo Sportoletti
- Institute of Hematology-Centro di Ricerca Emato-Oncologica (CREO), University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
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56
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Fu X, Niu T, Li X. MicroRNA-126-3p Attenuates Intracerebral Hemorrhage-Induced Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption by Regulating VCAM-1 Expression. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:866. [PMID: 31474826 PMCID: PMC6707088 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background miR-126 is closely related to the occurrence of various complications after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), but the molecular mechanism is not fully elucidated. This study aimed to explore the mechanism of miR-126-3p in alleviating brain injury after ICH. Methods Serum miR-126-3p levels were compared between patients with IHC and healthy controls. A rat model of ICH was generated by intracerebral injection of Type VII collagenase. The rats were intracerebral injected with miR-126-3p mimics or negative control miRNA. Rat brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) were used as a cell model of blood-brain barrier (BBB), and validated by immunofluorescence staining of Factor VIII. The BBB permeability of BMECs after miR-126-3p antagomir transfection was determined by FITC-dextran 20 through a confluent BMECs layer (measured over 120 min). The binding site of miR-126-3p in the 3'UTR of VCAM-1 was predicated by TargetScan, and verified by dual luciferase reporter assay. The expression levels of miR-126-3p and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) in rat brain tissues and BMECs were measured by real-time PCR or western blotting. Results Serum miR-126-3p level was markedly down-regulated in patients with ICH. The rats with ICH had decreased miR-126-3p levels in serum and hemorrhagic area, while those changes were reversed by the treatment with miR-126-3p mimic. VCAM-1 is a direct target of miR-126-3p, and VCAM-1 expression in hemorrhagic area was down-regulated by the administration of miR-126-3p mimic in rats. Inhibition of miR-126-3p by anti-miR126 treatment in BMECs resulted in barrier leakage. Conclusion miR-126-3p attenuates intracerebral hemorrhage-induced blood-brain barrier disruption, which is associated with down-regulated expression of VCAM-1 in hemorrhagic area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Fu
- Department of Cardiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tiesheng Niu
- Department of Cardiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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57
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin L Lampson
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer R Brown
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
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58
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Drennan S, Chiodin G, D'Avola A, Tracy I, Johnson PW, Trentin L, Steele AJ, Packham G, Stevenson FK, Forconi F. Ibrutinib Therapy Releases Leukemic Surface IgM from Antigen Drive in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Patients. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 25:2503-2512. [PMID: 30373751 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-1286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), disease progression associates with surface IgM (sIgM) levels and signaling capacity. These are variably downmodulated in vivo and recover in vitro, suggesting a reversible influence of tissue-located antigen. Therapeutic targeting of sIgM function via ibrutinib, an inhibitor of Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK), causes inhibition and tumor cell redistribution into the blood, with significant clinical benefit. Circulating CLL cells persist in an inhibited state, offering a tool to investigate the effects of drug on BTK-inhibited sIgM. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We investigated the consequences of ibrutinib therapy on levels and function of sIgM in circulating leukemic cells of patients with CLL. RESULTS At week 1, there was a significant increase of sIgM expression (64% increase from pretherapy) on CLL cells either recently released from tissue or persisting in blood. In contrast, surface IgD (sIgD) and a range of other receptors did not change. SIgM levels remained higher than pretherapy in the following 3 months despite gradual cell size reduction and ongoing autophagy and apoptotic activity. Conversely, IgD and other receptors did not increase and gradually declined. Recovered sIgM was fully N-glycosylated, another feature of escape from antigen, and expression did not increase further during culture in vitro. The sIgM was fully capable of mediating phosphorylation of SYK, which lies upstream of BTK in the B-cell receptor pathway. CONCLUSIONS This specific IgM increase in patients underpins the key role of tissue-based engagement with antigen in CLL, confirms the inhibitory action of ibrutinib, and reveals dynamic adaptability of CLL cells to precision monotherapy.See related commentary by Burger, p. 2372.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Drennan
- Cancer Sciences Unit, Cancer Research UK and NIHR Experimental Cancer Medicine Centres, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Giorgia Chiodin
- Cancer Sciences Unit, Cancer Research UK and NIHR Experimental Cancer Medicine Centres, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Annalisa D'Avola
- Cancer Sciences Unit, Cancer Research UK and NIHR Experimental Cancer Medicine Centres, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Tracy
- Cancer Sciences Unit, Cancer Research UK and NIHR Experimental Cancer Medicine Centres, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Peter W Johnson
- Cancer Sciences Unit, Cancer Research UK and NIHR Experimental Cancer Medicine Centres, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Livio Trentin
- Padua University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, Padua, Italy
| | - Andrew J Steele
- Cancer Sciences Unit, Cancer Research UK and NIHR Experimental Cancer Medicine Centres, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Graham Packham
- Cancer Sciences Unit, Cancer Research UK and NIHR Experimental Cancer Medicine Centres, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Freda K Stevenson
- Cancer Sciences Unit, Cancer Research UK and NIHR Experimental Cancer Medicine Centres, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Francesco Forconi
- Cancer Sciences Unit, Cancer Research UK and NIHR Experimental Cancer Medicine Centres, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.
- Haematology Department, Cancer Care Directorate, University Hospital Southampton NHS Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom
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59
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How ibrutinib, a B-cell malignancy drug, became an FDA-approved second-line therapy for steroid-resistant chronic GVHD. Blood Adv 2019; 2:2012-2019. [PMID: 30108109 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2018013060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT) is potentially curative for a number of hematologic conditions, both malignant and nonmalignant. However, its success can be limited by the development of acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Chronic GVHD (cGVHD) is the most common long-term complication following allo-SCT, and patients who develop this condition have significantly higher morbidity and mortality and significantly lower quality of life than patients who do not. Until recently, there were no US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved therapies for cGVHD treatment. In this review article, we describe how ibrutinib was identified as potential cGVHD therapy based on preclinical cGVHD models and clinical studies in B-cell malignancies and elucidation of its mechanisms of action in cGVHD. Results from a phase 2 clinical trial that was designed based on National Institutes of Health Criteria for the grading and staging of cGVHD culminated in the FDA-approval of ibrutinib as second line therapy of steroid-refractory or steroid-resistant cGVHD. Results of ibrutinib studies in phase 3 randomized studies, for cGVHD prophylaxis and as first -line testing along with steroids will be especially important in selecting the preferred indications for ibrutinib in patients at risk for or who have developed cGVHD.
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60
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Clinically indicated ibrutinib dose interruptions and reductions do not compromise long-term outcomes in CLL. Blood 2019; 133:2452-2455. [PMID: 30917955 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2019896688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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61
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Redondo-Muñoz J, García-Pardo A, Teixidó J. Molecular Players in Hematologic Tumor Cell Trafficking. Front Immunol 2019; 10:156. [PMID: 30787933 PMCID: PMC6372527 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The trafficking of neoplastic cells represents a key process that contributes to progression of hematologic malignancies. Diapedesis of neoplastic cells across endothelium and perivascular cells is facilitated by adhesion molecules and chemokines, which act in concert to tightly regulate directional motility. Intravital microscopy provides spatio-temporal views of neoplastic cell trafficking, and is crucial for testing and developing therapies against hematologic cancers. Multiple myeloma (MM), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) are hematologic malignancies characterized by continuous neoplastic cell trafficking during disease progression. A common feature of these neoplasias is the homing and infiltration of blood cancer cells into the bone marrow (BM), which favors growth and survival of the malignant cells. MM cells traffic between different BM niches and egress from BM at late disease stages. Besides the BM, CLL cells commonly home to lymph nodes (LNs) and spleen. Likewise, ALL cells also infiltrate extramedullary organs, such as the central nervous system, spleen, liver, and testicles. The α4β1 integrin and the chemokine receptor CXCR4 are key molecules for MM, ALL, and CLL cell trafficking into and out of the BM. In addition, the chemokine receptor CCR7 controls CLL cell homing to LNs, and CXCR4, CCR7, and CXCR3 contribute to ALL cell migration across endothelia and the blood brain barrier. Some of these receptors are used as diagnostic markers for relapse and survival in ALL patients, and their level of expression allows clinicians to choose the appropriate treatments. In CLL, elevated α4β1 expression is an established adverse prognostic marker, reinforcing its role in the disease expansion. Combining current chemotherapies with inhibitors of malignant cell trafficking could represent a useful therapy against these neoplasias. Moreover, immunotherapy using humanized antibodies, CAR-T cells, or immune check-point inhibitors together with agents targeting the migration of tumor cells could also restrict their survival. In this review, we provide a view of the molecular players that regulate the trafficking of neoplastic cells during development and progression of MM, CLL, and ALL, together with current therapies that target the malignant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Redondo-Muñoz
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ERL, Hospital 12 de Octubre Health Research Institute (imas12), School of Medicine, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain.,Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Angeles García-Pardo
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquin Teixidó
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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Overexpression of CD49d in trisomy 12 chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients is mediated by IRF4 through induction of IKAROS. Leukemia 2019; 33:1278-1302. [DOI: 10.1038/s41375-018-0296-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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