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Wakimoto T, Uchida K, Mimura K, Kanagawa T, Mehandjiev TR, Aoshima H, Kokubo K, Mitsuda N, Yoshioka Y, Tsutsumi Y, Kimura T, Yanagihara I. Hydroxylated fullerene: a potential antiinflammatory and antioxidant agent for preventing mouse preterm birth. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2015. [PMID: 26196453 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2015.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Intrauterine infection such as by Escherichia coli and Ureaplasma spp induce placental inflammation and are one of the leading causes of preterm birth. Here we evaluated hydroxylated fullerene (C60[OH]44) for its in vitro antiinflammatory and antioxidant effects against host cellular responses to the ureaplasma toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) ligand, UPM-1. In addition, we investigated the preventative effects of C60(OH)44 in vivo in a mouse preterm birth model that used UPM-1. STUDY DESIGN TLR2-overexpressing cell lines and the primary cultures of mouse peritoneal macrophages were pretreated with C60(OH)44. After UPM-1 addition to the cell lines, the activation of the nuclear factor kappa-light chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kappaB) signaling cascade and the production of reactive oxygen species were monitored. The levels of expression of inflammatory cytokines of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and the production of reactive oxygen species were quantified after stimulation with UPM-1. The in vivo preventative effects of C60(OH)44 on mice preterm birth were evaluated by analyzing the preterm birth rates and fetal survival rates in the preterm birth mouse model with placental histological analyses. RESULTS Pretreatment with C60(OH)44 significantly suppressed UPM-1-induced NF-kappaB activation and reactive oxygen species production in TLR2-overexpressing cell lines. In the primary culture of mouse peritoneal macrophages, UPM-1-induced production of reactive oxygen species and the expression of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α were significantly reduced by pretreatment with C60(OH)44. In the UPM-1-induced preterm birth mouse model, the preterm birth rate decreased from 72.7% to 18.2% after an injection of C60(OH)44. Placental examinations of the group injected with C60(OH)44 reduced the damage of the spongiotrophoblast layer and reduced infiltration of neutrophils. CONCLUSION C60(OH)44 was effective as a preventative agent of preterm birth in mice.
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Jung JY, Shin JS, Lee SG, Rhee YK, Cho CW, Hong HD, Lee KT. Lactobacillus sakei K040706 evokes immunostimulatory effects on macrophages through TLR 2-mediated activation. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 28:88-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Revised: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Inhibitory potential of polyhydroxylated fullerenes against protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B. UKRAINIAN BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 2015; 87:24-31. [DOI: 10.15407/ubj87.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Jung JY, Shin JS, Rhee Y, Cho CW, Lee MK, Hong HD, Lee KT. In vitro
and in vivo
immunostimulatory activity of an exopolysaccharide-enriched fraction from Bacillus subtilis. J Appl Microbiol 2015; 118:739-52. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.12742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Revised: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J.-Y. Jung
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry; College of Pharmacy; Kyung Hee University; Seoul Republic of Korea
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science; Kyung Hee University; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - J.-S. Shin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry; College of Pharmacy; Kyung Hee University; Seoul Republic of Korea
- Reactive Oxygen Species Medical Research Center; School of Medicine; Kyung Hee University; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Y.K. Rhee
- Korea Food Research Institute; Seongnam Republic of Korea
| | - C.-W. Cho
- Korea Food Research Institute; Seongnam Republic of Korea
| | - M.-K. Lee
- Korea Food Research Institute; Seongnam Republic of Korea
| | - H.-D. Hong
- Korea Food Research Institute; Seongnam Republic of Korea
| | - K.-T. Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry; College of Pharmacy; Kyung Hee University; Seoul Republic of Korea
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science; Kyung Hee University; Seoul Republic of Korea
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Wolfram J, Zhu M, Yang Y, Shen J, Gentile E, Paolino D, Fresta M, Nie G, Chen C, Shen H, Ferrari M, Zhao Y. Safety of Nanoparticles in Medicine. Curr Drug Targets 2015; 16:1671-81. [PMID: 26601723 PMCID: PMC4964712 DOI: 10.2174/1389450115666140804124808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 290] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Nanomedicine involves the use of nanoparticles for therapeutic and diagnostic purposes. During the past two decades, a growing number of nanomedicines have received regulatory approval and many more show promise for future clinical translation. In this context, it is important to evaluate the safety of nanoparticles in order to achieve biocompatibility and desired activity. However, it is unwarranted to make generalized statements regarding the safety of nanoparticles, since the field of nanomedicine comprises a multitude of different manufactured nanoparticles made from various materials. Indeed, several nanotherapeutics that are currently approved, such as Doxil and Abraxane, exhibit fewer side effects than their small molecule counterparts, while other nanoparticles (e.g. metallic and carbon-based particles) tend to display toxicity. However, the hazardous nature of certain nanomedicines could be exploited for the ablation of diseased tissue, if selective targeting can be achieved. This review discusses the mechanisms for molecular, cellular, organ, and immune system toxicity, which can be observed with a subset of nanoparticles. Strategies for improving the safety of nanoparticles by surface modification and pretreatment with immunomodulators are also discussed. Additionally, important considerations for nanoparticle safety assessment are reviewed. In regards to clinical application, stricter regulations for the approval of nanomedicines might not be required. Rather, safety evaluation assays should be adjusted to be more appropriate for engineered nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy Wolfram
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience & Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Motao Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience & Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jianliang Shen
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Emanuela Gentile
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Health Science, University Magna Grœcia of Catanzaro, Germaneto 88100, Italy
| | - Donatella Paolino
- Department of Health Science, University Magna Grœcia of Catanzaro, Germaneto 88100, Italy
| | - Massimo Fresta
- Department of Health Science, University Magna Grœcia of Catanzaro, Germaneto 88100, Italy
| | - Guangjun Nie
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience & Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Chunying Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience & Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Haifa Shen
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Mauro Ferrari
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Yuliang Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience & Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100049, China
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Côté-Maurais G, Bernier J. Silver and fullerene nanoparticles’ effect on interleukin-2-dependent proliferation of CD4 (+) T cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2014; 28:1474-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2014.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Revised: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 08/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Liu Y, Xu Y, Tian Y, Chen C, Wang C, Jiang X. Functional nanomaterials can optimize the efficacy of vaccines. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2014; 10:4505-20. [PMID: 25238620 PMCID: PMC7169483 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201401707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Revised: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Nanoscale materials can improve the efficacy of vaccines. Herein we review latest developments that use nanomaterials for vaccines. By highlighting the relationships between the nanoscale physicochemical characteristics and working mechanisms of nanomaterials, this paper shows the current status of the developments where researchers employ functional nanomaterials as vector and/or immunoregulators for vaccines. It also provides us some clues for improving the design and application of nanomaterials to optimize the efficacy of vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Liu
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for, BioNanotechnology and CAS Key Lab for, Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
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Chen Z, Liu Y, Sun B, Li H, Dong J, Zhang L, Wang L, Wang P, Zhao Y, Chen C. Polyhydroxylated metallofullerenols stimulate IL-1β secretion of macrophage through TLRs/MyD88/NF-κB pathway and NLRP₃ inflammasome activation. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2014; 10:2362-72. [PMID: 24619705 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201302825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Revised: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Polyhydroxylated fullerenols especially gadolinium endohedral metallofullerenols (Gd@C82(OH)22) are shown as a promising agent for antitumor chemotherapeutics and good immunoregulatory effects with low toxicity. However, their underlying mechanism remains largely unclear. We found for the first time the persistent uptake and subcellular distribution of metallofullerenols in macrophages by taking advantages of synchrotron-based scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM) with high spatial resolution of 30 nm. Gd@C82(OH)22 can significantly activate primary mouse macrophages to produce pro-inflammatory cytokines like IL-1β. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) knockdown shows that NLRP3 inflammasomes, but not NLRC4, participate in fullerenol-induced IL-1β production. Potassium efflux, activation of P2X7 receptor and intracellular reactive oxygen speciesare also important factors required for fullerenols-induced IL-1β release. Stronger NF-κB signal triggered by Gd@C82(OH)22 is in agreement with higher pro-IL-1β expression than C60(OH)22. Interestingly, TLR4/MyD88 pathway but not TLR2 mediates IL-1β secretion in Gd@C82(OH)22 exposure confirmed by macrophages from MyD88(-/-)/TLR4(-/-)/TLR2(-/-) knockout mice, which is different from C60(OH)22. Our work demonstrated that fullerenols can greatly activate macrophage and promote IL-1β production via both TLRs/MyD88/NF-κB pathway and NLRP3 inflammasome activation, while Gd@C82(OH)22 had stronger ability C60(OH)22 due to the different electron affinity on the surface of carbon cage induced by the encaged gadolinium ion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyun Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China and Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100190, China
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Xu L, Liu Y, Chen Z, Li W, Liu Y, Wang L, Ma L, Shao Y, Zhao Y, Chen C. Morphologically virus-like fullerenol nanoparticles act as the dual-functional nanoadjuvant for HIV-1 vaccine. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2013; 25:5928-36. [PMID: 23963730 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201300583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Revised: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Fullerenol, which self-assembles into virus-sized nanoparticles, is designed as a dual-functional nanoadjuvant to generate comparable immune responses to the HIV DNA vaccine. It shows promising adjuvant activity via various immunization routes, decreasing the antigen dosage and immunization frequency while maintaining immunity levels and inducing TEM -biased immunity to combat the infection at early stage. The underlying mechanisms by which fullerenol-based formulation induces above-mentioned polyvalent immune responses are involved in activating multiple TLRs signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ligeng Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, No.11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, China
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60
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Kim TH, Lee SJ, Rim HK, Shin JS, Jung JY, Heo JS, Kim JB, Lee MS, Lee KT. In vitro and in vivo immunostimulatory effects of hot water extracts from the leaves of Artemisia princeps Pampanini cv. Sajabal. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 149:254-262. [PMID: 23810843 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Revised: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Artemisia princeps Pampanini (Asteraceae) is used as a traditional medicine to immune function-related diseases, such as dysmenorrhea, inflammation, cancer, and ulcers. AIM OF THE STUDY The purpose of this study is to evaluate the immunostimulatory effects of the hot water extract from the leaves of Artemisia princeps Pampanini (WAPP) in recombinant interferon-γ (rIFN-γ)-primed RAW 264.7 macrophages and in cyclophosphamide (20mg/kg, i.p.)-induced immunosuppressed Sprague-Dawley rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS RAW 264.7 macrophages were treated with WAPP and production and expressions of nitric oxide (NO) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) via nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) were detected by immunoassay, western blot, qRT-PCR and reporter gene assay. In addition, in vivo immunomodulatory activity was studied by cyclophosphamide-induced myelosuppression in rats. RESULTS In rIFN-γ-primed RAW 264.7 macrophages, pretreatment with WAPP increased the productions of nitric oxide (NO) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α),and increased the expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) at the protein level and of iNOS and TNF-α at the mRNA level. Molecular data revealed that WAPP upregulated the transcriptional activity and translocation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) by activating inhibitory kappa B-α (IκB-α) degradation and phosphorylation. Furthermore, WAPP upregulated the phosphorylations of p38 MAP kinase, c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK), and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2). In cycloheximide-induced immunosuppressed rats, pretreatment with WAPP (100, 200, or 400mg/kg, p.o.) increased the serum levels of albumin and globulin, and reduced immobility times. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that upregulations of the expressions of iNOS and TNF-α via the activations of NF-κB and MAPK are responsible for the immunostimulatory effects of WAPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Hee Kim
- Department of R&D, Chunho Food Co. Ltd., Busan, Republic of Korea
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Vedakumari WS, Prabu P, Babu SC, Sastry TP. Fibrin nanoparticles as Possible vehicles for drug delivery. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2013; 1830:4244-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Revised: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Wang X, Zhu M, Li J. Biomedical Effects and Nanosafety of Engineered Nanomaterials: Recent Progress. CHINESE J CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201200662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Chen Z, Ma L, Liu Y, Chen C. Applications of functionalized fullerenes in tumor theranostics. Am J Cancer Res 2012; 2:238-50. [PMID: 22509193 PMCID: PMC3326736 DOI: 10.7150/thno.3509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2011] [Accepted: 11/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Functionalized fullerenes with specific physicochemical properties have been developed for cancer diagnosis and therapy. Notably, metallofullerene is a new class of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast-enhancing agent, and may have promising applications for clinical diagnosis. Polyhydroxylated and carboxyl fullerenes have been applied to photoacoustic imaging. Moreover, in recent years, functionalized fullerenes have shown potential in tumor therapies, such as photodynamic therapy, photothermal treatment, radiotherapy and chemotherapeutics. Their antitumor effects may be associated with the modulation of oxidative stress, anti-angiogenesis, and immunostimulatory activity. While various types of novel nanoparticle agents have been exploited in tumor theranostics, their distribution, metabolism and toxicity in organisms have also been a source of concern among researchers. The present review summarizes the potential of fullerenes as tumor theranostics agents and their possible underlying mechanisms are discussed.
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Bunz H, Plankenhorn S, Klein R. Effect of buckminsterfullerenes on cells of the innate and adaptive immune system: an in vitro study with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Int J Nanomedicine 2012; 7:4571-80. [PMID: 22942641 PMCID: PMC3428246 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s33773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
C60 nanoparticles, the so-called buckminsterfullerenes, have attracted great attention for medical applications as carriers, enzyme inhibitors or radical scavengers. However, publications evaluating their immunological mechanisms are still rather limited. Therefore, we aimed to analyze systematically the in vitro influence of polyhydroxy-C60 (poly-C60) and N-ethyl-polyamino-C60 (nepo-C60) on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from healthy individuals, angling their effect on proliferation, expression of surface markers, and cytokine production. We isolated PBMC from 20 healthy subjects and incubated them in a first step only with poly-C60 or nepo-C60, and in a second step together with recall antigens (purified protein derivative, tetanus toxoid, bacillus Calmette-Guérin). Proliferation was determined by (3)H-thymidine incorporation, activation of PBMC-subpopulations by flow cytometry by measurement of the activation marker CD69, and secretion of T helper cell type 1 (TH1)- (interferon-gamma [IFN-γ], tumor necrosis factor beta [TNF-β]), TH2- (interleukin-5 [IL-5], -13, -10) and macrophage/monocyte-related cytokines (IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α) into the supernatants by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Both fullerenes did not influence T cell reactivity, with no enhanced expression of CD69 and production of T cell cytokines observed, the CD4/CD8 ratio remaining unaffected. In contrast, they significantly enhanced the release of IL-6 and CD69-expression by CD56 positive natural killer cells. PBMC, which had been cultured together with the three recall antigens were not affected by both fullerenes at all. These data indicate that fullerenes do not interact with T cell reactivity but may activate cells of the innate immune system. Furthermore, they seem to act only on 'naïve' cells, which have not been prestimulated with recall antigens, there are however, large inter individual differences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Reinhild Klein
- Correspondence: Reinhild Klein, Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Tübingen, Otfried, Müller-Str 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany, Tel +49 7071 29 84479, Fax +49 7071 29 2760, Email
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Xu Y, Zhu J, Xiang K, Li Y, Sun R, Ma J, Sun H, Liu Y. Synthesis and immunomodulatory activity of [60]fullerene–tuftsin conjugates. Biomaterials 2011; 32:9940-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2011] [Accepted: 09/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Ding N, Kunugita N, Ichinose T, Song Y, Yokoyama M, Arashidani K, Yoshida Y. Intratracheal administration of fullerene nanoparticles activates splenic CD11b+ cells. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2011; 194:324-330. [PMID: 21872392 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.07.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2011] [Revised: 06/17/2011] [Accepted: 07/28/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Fullerene nanoparticles ("Fullerenes"), which are now widely used materials in daily life, have been demonstrated to induce elevated pulmonary inflammation in several animal models; however, the effects of fullerenes on the immune system are not fully understood. In the present study, mice received fullerenes intratracheally and were sacrificed at days 1, 6 and 42. Mice that received fullerenes exhibited increased proliferation of splenocytes and increased splenic production of IL-2 and TNF-α. Changes in the spleen in response to fullerene treatment occurred at different time-points than in the lung tissue. Furthermore, fullerenes induced CDK2 expression and activated NF-κB and NFAT in splenocytes at 6 days post-administration. Finally, CD11b(+) cells were demonstrated to function as responder cells to fullerene administration in the splenic inflammatory process. Taken together, in addition to the effects on pulmonary responses, fullerenes also modulate the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Ding
- Department of Immunology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahata-nishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
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Zhao F, Zhao Y, Liu Y, Chang X, Chen C, Zhao Y. Cellular uptake, intracellular trafficking, and cytotoxicity of nanomaterials. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2011; 7:1322-37. [PMID: 21520409 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201100001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 767] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2011] [Revised: 02/15/2011] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The interactions of nanoparticles with the soft surfaces of biological systems like cells play key roles in executing their biomedical functions and in toxicity. The discovery or design of new biomedical functions, or the prediction of the toxicological consequences of nanoparticles in vivo, first require knowledge of the interplay processes of the nanoparticles with the target cells. This article focusses on the cellular uptake, location and translocation, and any biological consequences, such as cytotoxicity, of the most widely studied and used nanoparticles, such as carbon-based nanoparticles, metallic nanoparticles, and quantum dots. The relevance of the size and shape, composition, charge, and surface chemistry of the nanoparticles in cells is considered. The intracellular uptake pathways of the nanoparticles and the cellular responses, with potential signaling pathways activated by nanoparticle interactions, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Yan L, Zhao F, Li S, Hu Z, Zhao Y. Low-toxic and safe nanomaterials by surface-chemical design, carbon nanotubes, fullerenes, metallofullerenes, and graphenes. NANOSCALE 2011; 3:362-382. [PMID: 21157592 DOI: 10.1039/c0nr00647e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The toxicity grade for a bulk material can be approximately determined by three factors (chemical composition, dose, and exposure route). However, for a nanomaterial it depends on more than ten factors. Interestingly, some nano-factors (like huge surface adsorbability, small size, etc.) that endow nanomaterials with new biomedical functions are also potential causes leading to toxicity or damage to the living organism. Is it possible to create safe nanomaterials if such a number of complicated factors need to be regulated? We herein try to find answers to this important question. We first discuss chemical processes that are applicable for nanosurface modifications, in order to improve biocompatibility, regulate ADME, and reduce the toxicity of carbon nanomaterials (carbon nanotubes, fullerenes, metallofullerenes, and graphenes). Then the biological/toxicological effects of surface-modified and unmodified carbon nanomaterials are comparatively discussed from two aspects: the lowered toxic responses or the enhanced biomedical functions. We summarize the eight biggest challenges in creating low-toxicity and safer nanomaterials and some significant topics of future research needs: to find out safer nanofactors; to establish controllable surface modifications and simpler chemistries for low-toxic nanomaterials; to explore the nanotoxicity mechanisms; to justify the validity of current toxicological theories in nanotoxicology; to create standardized nanomaterials for toxicity tests; to build theoretical models for cellular and molecular interactions of nanoparticles; and to establish systematical knowledge frameworks for nanotoxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Yan
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), National Center for Nanosciences and Technology of China, Beijing, 100049, China
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Tanaka T, Godin B, Bhavane R, Nieves-Alicea R, Gu J, Liu X, Chiappini C, Fakhoury JR, Amra S, Ewing A, Li Q, Fidler IJ, Ferrari M. In vivo evaluation of safety of nanoporous silicon carriers following single and multiple dose intravenous administrations in mice. Int J Pharm 2010; 402:190-7. [PMID: 20883755 PMCID: PMC2982888 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2010.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2010] [Revised: 08/05/2010] [Accepted: 09/19/2010] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Porous silicon (pSi) is being extensively studied as an emerging material for use in biomedical applications, including drug delivery, based on the biodegradability and versatile chemical and biophysical properties. We have recently introduced multistage nanoporous silicon microparticles (S1MP) designed as a cargo for nanocarrier drug delivery to enable the loaded therapeutics and diagnostics to sequentially overcome the biological barriers in order to reach their target. In this first report on biocompatibility of intravenously administered pSi structures, we examined the tolerability of negatively (-32.5±3.1mV) and positively (8.7±2.5mV) charged S1MP in acute single dose (10(7), 10(8), 5×10(8) S1MP/animal) and subchronic multiple dose (10(8) S1MP/animal/week for 4 weeks) administration schedules. Our data demonstrate that S1MP did not change plasma levels of renal (BUN and creatinine) and hepatic (LDH) biomarkers as well as 23 plasma cytokines. LDH plasma levels of 145.2±23.6, 115.4±29.1 vs. 127.0±10.4; and 155.8±38.4, 135.5±52.3 vs. 178.4±74.6 were detected in mice treated with 10(8) negatively charged S1MP, 10(8) positively charged S1MP vs. saline control in single and multiple dose schedules, respectively. The S1MPs did not alter LDH levels in liver and spleen, nor lead to infiltration of leukocytes into the liver, spleen, kidney, lung, brain, heart, and thyroid. Collectively, these data provide evidence of a safe intravenous administration of S1MPs as a drug delivery carrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Tanaka
- Department of NanoMedicine and Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas Health Science Center, 1825 Pressler, Suite 537, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Review of fullerene toxicity and exposure – Appraisal of a human health risk assessment, based on open literature. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2010; 58:455-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2010.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2010] [Revised: 06/21/2010] [Accepted: 08/20/2010] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Lin WH, Wu CR, Fang TJ, Lee MS, Lin KL, Chen HC, Huang SY, Hseu YC. Adherent Properties and Macrophage Activation Ability of 3 Strains of Lactic Acid Bacteria. J Food Sci 2010; 76:M1-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2010.01875.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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