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Siraj MA, Jacobs AT, Tan GT. Altersolanol B, a fungal tetrahydroanthraquinone, inhibits the proliferation of estrogen receptor-expressing (ER+) human breast adenocarcinoma by modulating PI3K/AKT, p38/ERK MAPK and associated signaling pathways. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 359:109916. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.109916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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52
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Mitochondrial Neurodegeneration. Cells 2022; 11:cells11040637. [PMID: 35203288 PMCID: PMC8870525 DOI: 10.3390/cells11040637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are cytoplasmic organelles, which generate energy as heat and ATP, the universal energy currency of the cell. This process is carried out by coupling electron stripping through oxidation of nutrient substrates with the formation of a proton-based electrochemical gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane. Controlled dissipation of the gradient can lead to production of heat as well as ATP, via ADP phosphorylation. This process is known as oxidative phosphorylation, and is carried out by four multiheteromeric complexes (from I to IV) of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, carrying out the electron flow whose energy is stored as a proton-based electrochemical gradient. This gradient sustains a second reaction, operated by the mitochondrial ATP synthase, or complex V, which condensates ADP and Pi into ATP. Four complexes (CI, CIII, CIV, and CV) are composed of proteins encoded by genes present in two separate compartments: the nuclear genome and a small circular DNA found in mitochondria themselves, and are termed mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Mutations striking either genome can lead to mitochondrial impairment, determining infantile, childhood or adult neurodegeneration. Mitochondrial disorders are complex neurological syndromes, and are often part of a multisystem disorder. In this paper, we divide the diseases into those caused by mtDNA defects and those that are due to mutations involving nuclear genes; from a clinical point of view, we discuss pediatric disorders in comparison to juvenile or adult-onset conditions. The complementary genetic contributions controlling organellar function and the complexity of the biochemical pathways present in the mitochondria justify the extreme genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity of this new area of inborn errors of metabolism known as ‘mitochondrial medicine’.
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53
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Chen Q, Thompson J, Hu Y, Lesnefsky EJ. Reversing mitochondrial defects in aged hearts: role of mitochondrial calpain activation. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 322:C296-C310. [PMID: 35044856 PMCID: PMC8836732 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00279.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Aging chronically increases endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress that contributes to mitochondrial dysfunction. Activation of calpain 1 (CPN1) impairs mitochondrial function during acute ER stress. We proposed that aging-induced ER stress led to mitochondrial dysfunction by activating CPN1. We posit that attenuation of the ER stress or direct inhibition of CPN1 in aged hearts can decrease cardiac injury during ischemia-reperfusion by improving mitochondrial function. Male young (3 mo) and aged mice (24 mo) were used in the present study, and 4-phenylbutyrate (4-PBA) was used to decrease the ER stress in aged mice. Subsarcolemmal (SSM) and interfibrillar mitochondria (IFM) were isolated. Chronic 4-PBA treatment for 2 wk decreased CPN1 activation as shown by the decreased cleavage of spectrin in cytosol and apoptosis inducing factor (AIF) and the α1 subunit of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) in mitochondria. Treatment improved oxidative phosphorylation in 24-mo-old SSM and IFM at baseline compared with vehicle. When 4-PBA-treated 24-mo-old hearts were subjected to ischemia-reperfusion, infarct size was decreased. These results support that attenuation of the ER stress decreased cardiac injury in aged hearts by improving mitochondrial function before ischemia. To challenge the role of CPN1 as an effector of the ER stress, aged mice were treated with MDL-28170 (MDL, an inhibitor of calpain 1). MDL treatment improved mitochondrial function in aged SSM and IFM. MDL-treated 24-mo-old hearts sustained less cardiac injury following ischemia-reperfusion. These results support that age-induced ER stress augments cardiac injury during ischemia-reperfusion by impairing mitochondrial function through activation of CPN1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Jeremy Thompson
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Ying Hu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Edward J Lesnefsky
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
- McGuire Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia
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Li L, Thompson J, Hu Y, Lesnefsky EJ, Willard B, Chen Q. Calpain-mediated protein targets in cardiac mitochondria following ischemia-reperfusion. Sci Rep 2022; 12:138. [PMID: 34997008 PMCID: PMC8741987 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03947-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Calpain 1 and 2 (CPN1/2) are calcium-dependent cysteine proteases that exist in cytosol and mitochondria. Pharmacologic inhibition of CPN1/2 decreases cardiac injury during ischemia (ISC)-reperfusion (REP) by improving mitochondrial function. However, the protein targets of CPN1/2 activation during ISC-REP are unclear. CPN1/2 include a large subunit and a small regulatory subunit 1 (CPNS1). Genetic deletion of CPNS1 eliminates the activities of both CPN1 and CPN2. Conditional cardiomyocyte specific CPNS1 deletion mice were used in the present study to clarify the role of CPN1/2 activation in mitochondrial damage during ISC-REP with an emphasis on identifying the potential protein targets of CPN1/2. Isolated hearts from wild type (WT) or CPNS1 deletion mice underwent 25 min in vitro global ISC and 30 min REP. Deletion of CPNS1 led to decreased cytosolic and mitochondrial calpain 1 activation compared to WT. Cardiac injury was decreased in CPNS1 deletion mice following ISC-REP as shown by the decreased infarct size compared to WT. Compared to WT, mitochondrial function was improved in CPNS1 deletion mice following ischemia-reperfusion as shown by the improved oxidative phosphorylation and decreased susceptibility to mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening. H2O2 generation was also decreased in mitochondria from deletion mice following ISC-REP compared to WT. Deletion of CPNS1 also resulted in less cytochrome c and truncated apoptosis inducing factor (tAIF) release from mitochondria. Proteomic analysis of the isolated mitochondria showed that deletion of CPNS1 increased the content of proteins functioning in regulation of mitochondrial calcium homeostasis (paraplegin and sarcalumenin) and complex III activity. These results suggest that activation of CPN1 increases cardiac injury during ischemia-reperfusion by impairing mitochondrial function and triggering cytochrome c and tAIF release from mitochondria into cytosol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Li
- Proteomics Core, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Jeremy Thompson
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Ying Hu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Edward J Lesnefsky
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
- McGuire Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, VA, 23249, USA
| | - Belinda Willard
- Proteomics Core, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Qun Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA.
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55
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Vadlamudi Y, Kang SC. Silencing ESRP1 expression promotes caspase-independent cell death via nuclear translocation of AIF in colon cancer cells. Cell Signal 2022; 91:110237. [PMID: 34986387 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.110237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial splicing regulatory protein 1 (ESRP1) is overexpressed in the majority of cancer types, while downregulated in a few cancers, thus it has emerged as a tumorigenic or a tumor suppressor depending on disease context and cell type. Moreover, the underlying molecular mechanism of ESRP1 is poorly understood in cancer progression. Here, we initially analyzed Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium (CPTAC), colon tissue microarray, and colon cancer cells to evaluate the ESRP1 expression levels in colorectal cancer subtypes. The association between the expression of ESRP1 and cell death signaling pathways was evaluated in colon cancer cells. Furthermore, silencing ESRP1 was performed to detect the relation between ESRP1 and apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF). Subsequently, translocation of AIF and apoptosis were analyzed by immunofluorescence assay and FACS, respectively. ESRP1 is found to be expressed at high levels in the early stage, and gradually decreases with the increasing colorectal cancer stage, wherein epithelial cell to mesenchymal cell transition (EMT) occurs during cancer progression. Moreover, ESRP1 silencing in HCT116 colorectal cancer cells reveals the translocation of the caspase-independent cell death marker AIF to the nucleus, thereby enhancing the DNA damage response, which inevitably induces cancer cell death. Our results demonstrate that silencing ESRP1 in colorectal cancer cells promotes HCT116 cell death by inducing caspase-independent cell death via regulation of CD44 alternative splicing. Collectively, our findings provide an insight into ESRP1 as a therapeutic target in colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yellamandayya Vadlamudi
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38453, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Chul Kang
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38453, Republic of Korea.
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56
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Relevance of AIF/CypA Lethal Pathway in SH-SY5Y Cells Treated with Staurosporine. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010265. [PMID: 35008690 PMCID: PMC8745523 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The AIF/CypA complex exerts a lethal activity in several rodent models of acute brain injury. Upon formation, it translocates into the nucleus of cells receiving apoptotic stimuli, inducing chromatin condensation, DNA fragmentation, and cell death by a caspase-independent mechanism. Inhibition of this complex in a model of glutamate-induced cell death in HT-22 neuronal cells by an AIF peptide (AIF(370-394)) mimicking the binding site on CypA, restores cell survival and prevents brain injury in neonatal mice undergoing hypoxia-ischemia without apparent toxicity. Here, we explore the effects of the peptide on SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells stimulated with staurosporine (STS), a cellular model widely used to study Parkinson’s disease (PD). This will pave the way to understanding the role of the complex and the potential therapeutic efficacy of inhibitors in PD. We find that AIF(370-394) confers resistance to STS-induced apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells similar to that observed with CypA silencing and that the peptide works on the AIF/CypA translocation pathway and not on caspases activation. These findings suggest that the AIF/CypA complex is a promising target for developing novel therapeutic strategies against PD.
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Sirajunnisa AR, Surendhiran D, Kozani PS, Kozani PS, Hamidi M, Cabrera-Barjas G, Delattre C. An overview on the role of microalgal metabolites and pigments in apoptosis induction against copious diseases. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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58
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Shi S, Wang L, van der Laan LJW, Pan Q, Verstegen MMA. Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Oxidative Stress in Liver Transplantation and Underlying Diseases: New Insights and Therapeutics. Transplantation 2021; 105:2362-2373. [PMID: 33577251 PMCID: PMC9005104 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000003691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/06/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential organelles for cellular energy and metabolism. Like with any organ, the liver highly depends on the function of these cellular powerhouses. Hepatotoxic insults often lead to an impairment of mitochondrial activity and an increase in oxidative stress, thereby compromising the metabolic and synthetic functions. Mitochondria play a critical role in ATP synthesis and the production or scavenging of free radicals. Mitochondria orchestrate many cellular signaling pathways involved in the regulation of cell death, metabolism, cell division, and progenitor cell differentiation. Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress are closely associated with ischemia-reperfusion injury during organ transplantation and with different liver diseases, including cholestasis, steatosis, viral hepatitis, and drug-induced liver injury. To develop novel mitochondria-targeting therapies or interventions, a better understanding of mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in hepatic pathogenesis is very much needed. Therapies targeting mitochondria impairment and oxidative imbalance in liver diseases have been extensively studied in preclinical and clinical research. In this review, we provide an overview of how oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction affect liver diseases and liver transplantation. Furthermore, we summarize recent developments of antioxidant and mitochondria-targeted interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojun Shi
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Luc J W van der Laan
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Qiuwei Pan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Monique M A Verstegen
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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59
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Effect of Quercetin on Injury to Indomethacin-Treated Human Embryonic Kidney 293 Cells. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11111134. [PMID: 34833010 PMCID: PMC8623736 DOI: 10.3390/life11111134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are used to treat inflammation and pain and even to prevent the progression of cardiovascular disease. They have become widely used because of their effectiveness, especially among athletes performing high-intensity training. Indomethacin is used for pain management in sports medicine and is highly effective and versatile. However, several clinical studies have reported that indomethacin induces acute renal damage. In the present study, we determined that indomethacin reduced human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner by triggering apoptosis. In addition, we demonstrated the effect of quercetin on indomethacin-treated HEK293 cells by inactivating the caspase-3 and caspase-9 signals. Furthermore, quercetin reduced ROS production and increased mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) in indomethacin-treated HEK293 cells. Our results indicate that quercetin can interrupt the activated caspase and mitochondrial pathway induced by indomethacin in HEK293 cells and affect apoptotic mRNA expression. Quercetin can protect against indomethacin-induced HEK293 cell apoptosis by regulating abnormal ΔΨm and apoptotic mRNA expression.
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60
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Bisphenol a Induces Autophagy Defects and AIF-Dependent Apoptosis via HO-1 and AMPK to Degenerate N2a Neurons. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222010948. [PMID: 34681608 PMCID: PMC8535739 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222010948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is an environmental contaminant widely suspected to be a neurological toxicant. Epidemiological studies have demonstrated close links between BPA exposure, pathogenetic brain degeneration, and altered neurobehaviors, considering BPA a risk factor for cognitive dysfunction. However, the mechanisms of BPA resulting in neurodegeneration remain unclear. Herein, cultured N2a neurons were subjected to BPA treatment, and neurotoxicity was assessed using neuronal viability and differentiation assays. Signaling cascades related to cellular self-degradation were also evaluated. BPA decreased cell viability and axon outgrowth (e.g., by down-regulating MAP2 and GAP43), thus confirming its role as a neurotoxicant. BPA induced neurotoxicity by down-regulating Bcl-2 and initiating apoptosis and autophagy flux inhibition (featured by nuclear translocation of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF), light chain 3B (LC3B) aggregation, and p62 accumulation). Both heme oxygenase (HO)-1 and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) up-regulated/activated by BPA mediated the molecular signalings involved in apoptosis and autophagy. HO-1 inhibition or AIF silencing effectively reduced BPA-induced neuronal death. Although BPA elicited intracellular oxygen free radical production, ROS scavenger NAC exerted no effect against BPA insults. These results suggest that BPA induces N2a neurotoxicity characterized by AIF-dependent apoptosis and p62-related autophagy defects via HO-1 up-regulation and AMPK activation, thereby resulting in neuronal degeneration.
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61
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Bassiouni W, Seubert JM, Schulz R. Staurosporine-induced cleavage of apoptosis-inducing factor in human fibrosarcoma cells is independent of matrix metalloproteinase-2. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2021; 100:184-191. [PMID: 34597523 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2021-0199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) is a mitochondrial flavoprotein which mediates staurosporine (STS)-induced cell death. AIF cleavage and translocation to the cytosol is thought to be calpain-1-dependent as calpain inhibitors reduced AIF proteolysis. However, many calpain inhibitors also inhibit matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) activity, an intracellular and extracellular protease implicated in apoptosis. Here we investigated whether MMP-2 activity is affected in response to STS and if contributes to AIF cleavage. Human fibrosarcoma HT1080 cells were treated with STS (0.1 µM, 0.25-24 hr). A significant increase in cellular MMP-2 activity was seen by gelatin zymography after 6 hr STS treatment, prior to induction of cell necrosis. Western blot showed the time-dependent appearance of two forms of AIF (~60 and 45 kDa) in the cytosol which were significantly increased at 6 hr. Surprisingly, knocking down MMP-2 or inhibiting its activity with MMP-2 preferring inhibitors ARP-100 or ONO-4817, or inhibiting calpain activity with ALLM or PD150606, did not prevent the STS-induced increase in cytosolic AIF. These results show that although STS rapidly increases MMP-2 activity, the cytosolic release of AIF may be independent of the proteolytic activities of MMP-2 or calpain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesam Bassiouni
- University of Alberta Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, 12357, Department of Pharmacology, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada;
| | - John M Seubert
- University of Alberta, Faculty of Pharmacy/Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3-142D Katz Group Centre for Pharmacy & Health Research, 11361 - 87 Ave., 2020M Katz Group Centre for Pharmacy and Health Research, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2E1;
| | - Richard Schulz
- University of Alberta, Pediatrics & Pharmacology, Cardiovascular Research Centre, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, 462 HMRC, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2S2;
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62
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Gould RL, Craig SW, McClatchy S, Churchill GA, Pazdro R. Genetic mapping of renal glutathione suggests a novel regulatory locus on the murine X chromosome and overlap with hepatic glutathione regulation. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 174:28-39. [PMID: 34324982 PMCID: PMC8597656 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) is a critical cellular antioxidant that protects against byproducts of aerobic metabolism and other reactive electrophiles to prevent oxidative stress and cell death. Proper maintenance of its reduced form, GSH, in excess of its oxidized form, GSSG, prevents oxidative stress in the kidney and protects against the development of chronic kidney disease. Evidence has indicated that renal concentrations of GSH and GSSG, as well as their ratio GSH/GSSG, are moderately heritable, and past research has identified polymorphisms and candidate genes associated with these phenotypes in mice. Yet those discoveries were made with in silico mapping methods that are prone to false positives and power limitations, so the true loci and candidate genes that control renal glutathione remain unknown. The present study utilized high-resolution gene mapping with the Diversity Outbred mouse stock to identify causal loci underlying variation in renal GSH levels and redox status. Mapping output identified a suggestive locus associated with renal GSH on murine chromosome X at 51.602 Mbp, and bioinformatic analyses identified apoptosis-inducing factor mitochondria-associated 1 (Aifm1) as the most plausible candidate. Then, mapping outputs were compiled and compared against the genetic architecture of the hepatic GSH system, and we discovered a locus on murine chromosome 14 that overlaps between hepatic GSH concentrations and renal GSH redox potential. Overall, the results support our previously proposed model that the GSH redox system is regulated by both global and tissue-specific loci, vastly improving our understanding of GSH and its regulation and proposing new candidate genes for future mechanistic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Gould
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Georgia, 305 Sanford Drive, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Steven W Craig
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Georgia, 305 Sanford Drive, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Susan McClatchy
- The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, ME, 04609, USA
| | - Gary A Churchill
- The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, ME, 04609, USA
| | - Robert Pazdro
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Georgia, 305 Sanford Drive, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
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Hevler JF, Zenezeni Chiozzi R, Cabrera-Orefice A, Brandt U, Arnold S, Heck AJR. Molecular characterization of a complex of apoptosis-inducing factor 1 with cytochrome c oxidase of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2106950118. [PMID: 34548399 PMCID: PMC8488679 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2106950118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Combining mass spectrometry-based chemical cross-linking and complexome profiling, we analyzed the interactome of heart mitochondria. We focused on complexes of oxidative phosphorylation and found that dimeric apoptosis-inducing factor 1 (AIFM1) forms a defined complex with ∼10% of monomeric cytochrome c oxidase (COX) but hardly interacts with respiratory chain supercomplexes. Multiple AIFM1 intercross-links engaging six different COX subunits provided structural restraints to build a detailed atomic model of the COX-AIFM12 complex (PDBDEV_00000092). An application of two complementary proteomic approaches thus provided unexpected insight into the macromolecular organization of the mitochondrial complexome. Our structural model excludes direct electron transfer between AIFM1 and COX. Notably, however, the binding site of cytochrome c remains accessible, allowing formation of a ternary complex. The discovery of the previously overlooked COX-AIFM12 complex and clues provided by the structural model hint at potential roles of AIFM1 in oxidative phosphorylation biogenesis and in programmed cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes F Hevler
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Proteomics Center, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Riccardo Zenezeni Chiozzi
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Proteomics Center, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Alfredo Cabrera-Orefice
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ulrich Brandt
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Susanne Arnold
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Albert J R Heck
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands;
- Netherlands Proteomics Center, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Calpain-1 C2L domain peptide protects mouse hippocampus-derived neuronal HT22 cells against glutamate-induced oxytosis. Biochem Biophys Rep 2021; 27:101101. [PMID: 34430716 PMCID: PMC8374356 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2021.101101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Calpains are Ca2+-dependent cysteine proteases; their aberrant activation is associated with several neurodegenerative diseases. The μ-calpain catalytic subunit, calpain-1, is located in the cytoplasm as well as in the mitochondria. Mitochondrial calpain-1 cleaves apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF), leading to apoptotic cell death. We have previously reported that short peptides of calpain-1 C2-like domain conjugated with cell penetrating peptide HIV-Tat (Tat-μCL) selectively inhibit mitochondrial calpain-1 and effectively prevent neurodegenerative diseases of the eye. In this study, we determined whether mitochondrial calpain-1 mediates oxytosis (oxidative glutamate toxicity) in hippocampal HT22 cells using Tat-μCL and newly generated polyhistidine-conjugated μCL peptide and compared their efficacies in preventing oxytosis. TUNEL assay and single strand DNA staining revealed that both μCL peptides inhibited glutamate-induced oxytosis. Additionally, both the peptides suppressed the mitochondrial AIF translocation into the nucleus. All polyhistidine-μCL peptides (containing 4–16 histidine residues) showed higher cell permeability than Tat-μCL. Notably, tetrahistidine (H4)-μCL exerted the highest cytoprotective activity. Thus, H4-μCL may be a potential peptide drug for calpain-1-mediated neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. Mitochondrial calpain-1 mediates glutamate-induced oxytosis in HT22 cells. CPP-μCL inhibits AIF translocation and DNA fragmentation in oxytosis. Polyhistidine conjugation enhances intracellular μCL peptide uptake efficiency.
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Key Words
- AIF, apoptosis-inducing factor
- BBB, blood–brain barrier
- CPP, cell penetrating peptide
- Cell penetrating peptide
- DAPI, 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole
- DMEM, Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium
- Hippocampal HT22 cells
- Hn-μCL, polyhistidine-conjugated μCL
- MTS, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium
- Mitochondrial calpain-1
- Neurodegeneration
- Oxytosis
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- ssDNA, single stranded DNA
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Russo L, Mascanzoni F, Farina B, Dolga AM, Monti A, Caporale A, Culmsee C, Fattorusso R, Ruvo M, Doti N. Design, Optimization, and Structural Characterization of an Apoptosis-Inducing Factor Peptide Targeting Human Cyclophilin A to Inhibit Apoptosis Inducing Factor-Mediated Cell Death. J Med Chem 2021; 64:11445-11459. [PMID: 34338510 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Blocking the interaction between the apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) and cyclophilin A (CypA) by the AIF fragment AIF(370-394) is protective against glutamate-induced neuronal cell death and brain injury in mice. Starting from AIF(370-394), we report the generation of the disulfide-bridged and shorter variant AIF(381-389) and its structural characterization by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) in the free and CypA-bound state. AIF(381-389) in both the free and bound states assumes a β-hairpin conformation similar to that of the fragment in the AIF protein and shows a highly reduced conformational flexibility. This peptide displays a similar in vitro affinity for CypA, an improved antiapoptotic activity in cells and an enhanced proteolytic stability compared to the parent peptide. The NMR-based 3D model of the AIF(381-389)/CypA complex provides a better understanding of the binding hot spots on both the peptide and the protein and can be exploited to design AIF/CypA inhibitors with improved pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Russo
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Fabiola Mascanzoni
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging (IBB)-CNR, Via Mezzocannone, 16, 80134 Napoli, Italy
| | - Biancamaria Farina
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging (IBB)-CNR, Via Mezzocannone, 16, 80134 Napoli, Italy
| | - Amalia Mihaela Dolga
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, University of Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany.,Faculty of Science and Engineering, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy (GRIP), Research School of Behavioural and Cognitive Neurosciences (BCN), Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alessandra Monti
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging (IBB)-CNR, Via Mezzocannone, 16, 80134 Napoli, Italy
| | - Andrea Caporale
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging (IBB)-CNR, Via Mezzocannone, 16, 80134 Napoli, Italy
| | - Carsten Culmsee
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, University of Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Roberto Fattorusso
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Menotti Ruvo
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging (IBB)-CNR, Via Mezzocannone, 16, 80134 Napoli, Italy
| | - Nunzianna Doti
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging (IBB)-CNR, Via Mezzocannone, 16, 80134 Napoli, Italy
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66
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Wang X, Li F, Liu J, Li Q, Ji C, Wu H. New insights into the mechanism of hepatocyte apoptosis induced by typical organophosphate ester: An integrated in vitro and in silico approach. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 219:112342. [PMID: 34023725 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis is one of the typical features of liver diseases, therefore molecular targets of hepatic apoptosis and regulatory mechanisms need to be further investigated. The caspases play important functions in the execution of apoptosis and many studies have focused on classical caspase-dependent cell death pathways. However, other types of cell death pathways (such as mitochondrial poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP1) pathway) are suggested to be also as important as the caspase-mediated pathways in reflection of early toxic effects in hepatocytes, which requires additional research. In this work, an approach integrated in silico and in vitro was used to investigate the underlying toxicological mechanisms of hepatocyte apoptosis through the PARP1 dependent cell death pathway induced by triphenyl phosphate (TPP). Docking view showed that TPP could interact with helix αJ to affect the activation of PARP1 as a molecular initial event. In vitro assays suggested some biochemical events downstream of PARP1 activation, such as mitochondrial injury, apoptosis inducing factor (AIF) release, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and DNA damage. Moreover, the apoptosis was alleviated when cells were pretreated with PJ34 hydrochloride (PARP1 inhibitor), suggesting the mitochondrial PARP1 dependent pathway played a pivotal role in L02 cells apoptosis. This study indicated that PARP1 was an important molecular target in this process. And it also helped to understand the mechanism of hepatocytes apoptosis, early hepatic toxicity, and even liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai 264003, P. R. China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Fei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai 264003, P. R. China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China.
| | - Jialin Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai 264003, P. R. China
| | - Qiongyu Li
- Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, PR China
| | - Chenglong Ji
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai 264003, P. R. China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, PR China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Huifeng Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai 264003, P. R. China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, PR China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China.
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67
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Patel A, Bhatt M, Soni A, Sharma P. Identification of steroidal saponins from Tribulus terrestris and their in silico docking studies. J Cell Biochem 2021; 122:1665-1685. [PMID: 34337761 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Tribulus terrestris is known to possess many pharmacological properties, most notably its anticancer activities, owing to its rich steroidal saponin contents. Even though many reports are available elucidating the anticancer potential of the herb, we, for the very first time have attempted to isolate and identified the active compound present in seed crude saponin extract and confers its in silico docking ability with various cellular targets proteins. High performance thin layer chromatography confirms the presence of active saponins in leaf and seed saponin extracts which were further fractionated by silica gel column chromatography. Fractions collected were assessed for cytotoxicity on human breast cancer cells. High resolution liquid chromatography and mass spectroscopy was employ to identify the active components present in fraction with highest cytotoxicity. Intriguingly, Nautigenin type of steriodal saponin was identified to present in the active fraction of seed extract (SF11) and the identified compound was further analyzed for its in silico docking interaction using PyRx AutodockVina. Docking studies revealed the high binding affinity of Nuatigenin at significant sites with apoptotic proteins Bcl-2, Bax, caspase-3, caspase-8, p53 and apoptosis inducing factor along with cell surface receptors estrogen receptor, projesterone receptor, epidermal growth factor receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2. Thus, the conclusions were drawn that saponin fraction of Tribulus terrestis possesses active compounds having anticancer property and specifically, Nuatigenin saponin can be considered as an important therapeutic drug for the breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apurva Patel
- Department of Biotechnology, Veer Narmad South Gujarat University, Surat, Gujarat, India
| | - Mital Bhatt
- Department of Biosciences, Veer Narmad South Gujarat University, Surat, Gujarat, India
| | - Anjali Soni
- Department of Biotechnology, Veer Narmad South Gujarat University, Surat, Gujarat, India
| | - Preeti Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Veer Narmad South Gujarat University, Surat, Gujarat, India
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68
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1-Nitropyrene Induced Reactive Oxygen Species-Mediated Apoptosis in Macrophages through AIF Nuclear Translocation and AMPK/Nrf-2/HO-1 Pathway Activation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:9314342. [PMID: 34336119 PMCID: PMC8294986 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9314342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
1-Nitropyrene (1-NP), one of the most abundant nitropolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (nitro-PAHs), is generated from the incomplete combustion of carbonaceous organic compounds. 1-NP is a specific marker of diesel exhaust and is an environmental pollutant and a probable carcinogen. Macrophages participate in immune defense against the invasive pathogens in heart, lung, and kidney infection diseases. However, no evidence has indicated that 1-NP induces apoptosis in macrophages. In the present study, 1-NP was found to induce concentration-dependent changes in various cellular functions of RAW264.7 macrophages including cell viability reduction; apoptosis generation; mitochondrial dysfunction; apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) nuclear translocation; intracellular ROS generation; activation of the AMPK/Nrf-2/HO-1 pathway; changes in the expression of BCL-2 family proteins; and depletion of antioxidative enzymes (AOE), such as glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) These results indicate that 1-NP induced apoptosis in macrophages through AIF nuclear translocation and ROS generation due to mitochondrial dysfunction and to the depletion of AOE from the activation of the AMPK/Nrf-2/HO-1 pathway.
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69
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Chelko SP, Keceli G, Carpi A, Doti N, Agrimi J, Asimaki A, Beti CB, Miyamoto M, Amat-Codina N, Bedja D, Wei AC, Murray B, Tichnell C, Kwon C, Calkins H, James CA, O'Rourke B, Halushka MK, Melloni E, Saffitz JE, Judge DP, Ruvo M, Kitsis RN, Andersen P, Di Lisa F, Paolocci N. Exercise triggers CAPN1-mediated AIF truncation, inducing myocyte cell death in arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:13/581/eabf0891. [PMID: 33597260 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abf0891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Myocyte death occurs in many inherited and acquired cardiomyopathies, including arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM), a genetic heart disease plagued by the prevalence of sudden cardiac death. Individuals with ACM and harboring pathogenic desmosomal variants, such as desmoglein-2 (DSG2), often show myocyte necrosis with progression to exercise-associated heart failure. Here, we showed that homozygous Dsg2 mutant mice (Dsg2 mut/mut), a model of ACM, die prematurely during swimming and display myocardial dysfunction and necrosis. We detected calcium (Ca2+) overload in Dsg2 mut/mut hearts, which induced calpain-1 (CAPN1) activation, association of CAPN1 with mitochondria, and CAPN1-induced cleavage of mitochondrial-bound apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF). Cleaved AIF translocated to the myocyte nucleus triggering large-scale DNA fragmentation and cell death, an effect potentiated by mitochondrial-driven AIF oxidation. Posttranslational oxidation of AIF cysteine residues was due, in part, to a depleted mitochondrial thioredoxin-2 redox system. Hearts from exercised Dsg2 mut/mut mice were depleted of calpastatin (CAST), an endogenous CAPN1 inhibitor, and overexpressing CAST in myocytes protected against Ca2+ overload-induced necrosis. When cardiomyocytes differentiated from Dsg2 mut/mut embryonic stem cells (ES-CMs) were challenged with β-adrenergic stimulation, CAPN1 inhibition attenuated CAPN1-induced AIF truncation. In addition, pretreatment of Dsg2 mut/mut ES-CMs with an AIF-mimetic peptide, mirroring the cyclophilin-A (PPIA) binding site of AIF, blocked PPIA-mediated AIF-nuclear translocation, and reduced both apoptosis and necrosis. Thus, preventing CAPN1-induced AIF-truncation or barring binding of AIF to the nuclear chaperone, PPIA, may avert myocyte death and, ultimately, disease progression to heart failure in ACM and likely other forms of cardiomyopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen P Chelko
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA. .,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Gizem Keceli
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Andrea Carpi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova 35122, Italy
| | - Nunzianna Doti
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, CNR, Naples 80134, Italy
| | - Jacopo Agrimi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Angeliki Asimaki
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St. George's, University of London, London WC1E 6BS, UK
| | - Carlos Bueno Beti
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St. George's, University of London, London WC1E 6BS, UK
| | - Matthew Miyamoto
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Nuria Amat-Codina
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Djahida Bedja
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Australian School of Advanced Medicine, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - An-Chi Wei
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Brittney Murray
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Crystal Tichnell
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Chulan Kwon
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Hugh Calkins
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Cynthia A James
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Brian O'Rourke
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Marc K Halushka
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Edon Melloni
- Department of Medicine, University of Genova, Genova 16126, Italy
| | - Jeffrey E Saffitz
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 20115, USA
| | - Daniel P Judge
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Menotti Ruvo
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, CNR, Naples 80134, Italy
| | - Richard N Kitsis
- Departments of Medicine and Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Peter Andersen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Fabio Di Lisa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova 35122, Italy
| | - Nazareno Paolocci
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova 35122, Italy
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70
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Agus HH, Kok G, Derinoz E, Oncel D, Yilmaz S. Involvement of Pca1 in ROS-mediated apoptotic cell death induced by alpha-thujone in the fission yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe). FEMS Yeast Res 2021; 20:5826814. [PMID: 32347926 DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/foaa022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha-thujone, widely used in beverages (1-5 mg/kg), is known to have cytotoxic effects, but the mode of action and the role of potential apoptotic proteins in yeast cell death should be unraveled. In this study, we used Schizosaccharomyces pombe, which is a promising unicellular model organism in mechanistic toxicology and cell biology, to investigate the involvement of pro-apoptotic factors in alpha-thujone-induced cell death. We showed alpha-thujone-induced ROS accumulation-dependent cytotoxicity and apoptosis. In addition, we used superoxide dismutase-deficient cells (sod1 and sod2 mutants) to understand the effect of oxidative stress. Alpha-thujone caused significant cytotoxicity and apoptotic cell death, particularly in sod mutants. Moreover, two potential apoptotic factors, pca1 and pnu1 (pombe caspase-1 and pombe nuc1) were investigated to understand which factor mediates alpha-thujone-induced cell death. Pca1-deficient cells showed increased survival rates and reduced apoptosis in comparison to parental cells after chemical treatment while pnu1 mutation did not cause any significant change and the response was found identical as of parental cells. Yeast responded to alpha-thujone in caspase-dependent manner which was very similar to that for acetic acid. In conclusion, alfa-thujone-induced apoptosis and accounting mechanisms, which were mediated by ROS and driven by Pca1, were clarified in the unicellular model, S. pombe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hizlan Hincal Agus
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul Yeni Yuzyil University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gizem Kok
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul Yeni Yuzyil University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ezgi Derinoz
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul Yeni Yuzyil University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Didem Oncel
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul Yeni Yuzyil University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sedanur Yilmaz
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul Yeni Yuzyil University, Istanbul, Turkey
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71
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Trivedi SP, Ratn A, Awasthi Y, Kumar M, Trivedi A. In vivo assessment of dichlorvos induced histological and biochemical impairments coupled with expression of p53 responsive apoptotic genes in the liver and kidney of fish, Channa punctatus (Bloch, 1793). Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 245:109032. [PMID: 33722766 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2021.109032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Sub-lethal exposure of dichlorvos induces oxidative stress, consequent genetic instability and apoptosis coupled with impairments in biochemical, histopathological and transcription of genes in Channa punctatus. Exposure of 5% (0.041 mg/L; E2) and 10% (0.082 mg/L; E3) of 96 h-LC50 of dichlorvos significantly (p < 0.05) elevated the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and activities of SOD and CAT, as compared to control (E1) after 30 d. The maximum reduction in reduced glutathione (GSH) was recorded in the liver (18.53 ± 0.81 μg/mg of protein) and kidney (19.32 ± 0.97 μg/mg of protein); while the total protein contents were also found reduced, 278.38 ± 8.40 μg/mL (liver) and 248.44 ± 7.28 μg/mL (kidney), after 30 days in E3, in comparison to respective controls. Further, significant (p < 0.05) induction in micronuclei (MN) and apoptotic cells (AC), in a dose- and exposure-based manner were also recorded. Moreover, a significant (p < 0.05) up-regulation of p53 (2.51-fold in liver), bax (2.03-fold in liver; 1.99-fold in kidney) and casp3a (2.26-fold in liver; 2.10-fold in kidney) together with an elevated expression of cat (1.73-fold in liver; 1.12-fold in kidney), p53 (1.27-fold in kidney) and apaf-1 (1.72-fold in liver) in fish exposed to higher dose of dichlorvos for 30 d evidently reflects geno-toxicological potential of referenced pesticide. Disturbed biochemical and molecular parameters evince that the fish experienced oxidative stress as is further supported by prominent pathological observations in liver and kidney. Findings are, thus, helpful in organ-specific molecular scanning against aquatic toxicants like dichlorvos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil P Trivedi
- Environmental Toxicology & Bioremediation Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow 226007, India.
| | - Arun Ratn
- Environmental Toxicology & Bioremediation Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow 226007, India
| | - Yashika Awasthi
- Environmental Toxicology & Bioremediation Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow 226007, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Environmental Toxicology & Bioremediation Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow 226007, India
| | - Abha Trivedi
- Department of Animal Science, M.J.P. Rohilkhand University, Bareilly 243006, India
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Ochiai M, Nguyen HT, Kurihara N, Hirano M, Tajima Y, Yamada TK, Iwata H. Directly Reprogrammed Neurons as a Tool to Assess Neurotoxicity of the Contaminant 4-Hydroxy-2',3,5,5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (4'OH-CB72) in Melon-Headed Whales. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:8159-8168. [PMID: 34061511 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c01074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Whales accumulate high levels of environmental pollutants. Exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and their metabolites (OH-PCBs) could be linked to abnormal behavior, which may lead to mass stranding of marine mammals. Whales may thus suffer from adverse effects such as neuronal dysfunction, yet testing the neurotoxicity of these compounds has never been feasible for these species. This study established neurons chemically reprogrammed from fibroblasts of mass stranded melon-headed whales (Peponocephala electra) and used them for in vitro neurotoxicity assays. Exposure to 4-hydroxy-2',3,5,5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (4'OH-CB72), a metabolite of PCBs, caused apoptosis in the reprogrammed neurons. Transcriptome analysis of 4'OH-CB72-treated whale neurons showed altered expressions of genes associated with oxidative phosphorylation, chromatin degradation, axonal transport, and neurodegenerative diseases. These results suggest that 4'OH-CB72 exposure may induce neurodegeneration through disrupted apoptotic processes. A comparison of the results with human reprogrammed neurons revealed the specific effects on the whale neurons. Our noninvasive approach using fibroblast-derived neurons is useful for hazard and risk assessments of neurotoxicity in whales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Ochiai
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama City, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
| | - Hoa Thanh Nguyen
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama City, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
| | - Nozomi Kurihara
- Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1, Yoshida, Yamaguchi City, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
| | - Masashi Hirano
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama City, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
| | - Yuko Tajima
- Division of Vertebrates, Department of Zoology, National Museum of Nature and Science, 4-1-1, Amakubo, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0005, Japan
| | - Tadasu K Yamada
- Division of Vertebrates, Department of Zoology, National Museum of Nature and Science, 4-1-1, Amakubo, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0005, Japan
| | - Hisato Iwata
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama City, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
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Han T, Huang J, Gu J, Xie Q, Zhong Y, Huang T. Hepatitis B virus surface protein induces sperm dysfunction through the activation of a Bcl2/Bax signaling cascade triggering AIF/Endo G-mediated apoptosis. Andrology 2021; 9:944-955. [PMID: 33382193 PMCID: PMC8247882 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis B virus (HBV) was found to exist in semen and male germ cells of patients with chronic HBV infection. Our previous studies demonstrated that HBV surface protein (HBs) could induce sperm dysfunction by activating a calcium signaling cascade and triggering caspase-dependent apoptosis. However, the relationship between sperm dysfunction caused by HBs and caspase-independent apoptosis has not been investigated. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effects of HBs exposure on sperm dysfunction by activating caspase-independent apoptosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Spermatozoa were exposed to HBs at concentrations of 0, 25, 50, and 100 μg/mL for 3 h. Flow cytometry, qRT-PCR, immunofluorescence assay, ELISA, and zona-free hamster oocyte penetration assays were performed. RESULTS With increasing concentrations of HBs, various parameters of the spermatozoa changed. The number of Bcl2-positive cells declined and that of both Bax-positive cells and Apaf-1-positive cells increased. The transcription level of Bcl2 increased and that of both Bax and Apaf-1 declined. The average levels of AIF and Endo G declined in mitochondria and increased in the cytoplasm and nucleus. The sperm DNA fragmentation index increased. The mean percentages of live spermatozoa declined and that of both injured and dead spermatozoa increased; and the sperm penetration rate declined. For the aforementioned parameters, the differences between the test and the control groups were statistically significant. CONCLUSION HBs exposure can activate the Bax/Bcl2 signaling cascade that triggers AIF/Endo G-mediated apoptosis, resulting in sperm DNA fragmentation, sperm injury, and death, and a decrease in the sperm fertilizing capacity. This new knowledge will help to evaluate the negative impact of HBV on male fertility in HBV-infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting‐Ting Han
- Research Center for Reproductive MedicineShantou University Medical CollegeShantouChina
| | - Ji‐Hua Huang
- Jinxin Research Institute for Reproductive Medicine and GeneticsChengdu Jinjiang Hospital for Maternal and Child Health CareChengduChina
| | - Jiang Gu
- Jinxin Research Institute for Reproductive Medicine and GeneticsChengdu Jinjiang Hospital for Maternal and Child Health CareChengduChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular ImmunopathologyCollaborative and Creative Center of Shantou UniversityShantouChina
| | - Qing‐Dong Xie
- Research Center for Reproductive MedicineShantou University Medical CollegeShantouChina
| | - Ying Zhong
- Jinxin Research Institute for Reproductive Medicine and GeneticsChengdu Jinjiang Hospital for Maternal and Child Health CareChengduChina
| | - Tian‐Hua Huang
- Research Center for Reproductive MedicineShantou University Medical CollegeShantouChina
- Jinxin Research Institute for Reproductive Medicine and GeneticsChengdu Jinjiang Hospital for Maternal and Child Health CareChengduChina
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Apoptosis-Inducing Factor, Protein Expression, and Apoptosis Changes with Glutamine in Podocytes Cells Exposed with Cisplatin. Vet Med Int 2021; 2021:5599452. [PMID: 33968358 PMCID: PMC8081609 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5599452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin is a well-known chemotherapeutic drug. It is one of the most effective anticancer agents and is widely used for the treatment of several types of tumors. However, side effects in normal tissues and organs, such as nephrotoxicity that induces apoptosis in epithelial cells in the kidney, limit the use of cisplatin. Glutamine is a substrate for the synthesis of glutathione as an antioxidant and promotes HSP70 release, protecting cells from apoptosis induced by different stimuli. In the present study, we investigated the protective effect of glutamine on cisplatin nephrotoxicity in the kidney. Mice were divided into three groups such as a group of control (P0), a group of intraperitoneal injection of a single dose cisplatin 20 mg/kg BW at 7th day (P1), and a group of intravenous glutamine injection 100 mg/kg BW at days 1–7 and given an intraperitoneal injection of single dose cisplatin 20 mg/kg BW at 7th day (P2). Measurement of AIF expression and apoptotic cells was carried out by immunohistochemical methods. The number of AIF expressions and apoptotic cells is expressed in the Allred score. AIF expression result is as follows: P0: 3.29 ± 0.79, P1: 5.32 ± 0.68, and P2: 4.49 ± 0.47. Apoptosis result is as follows: P0: 3.04 ± 0.70, P1: 5.26 ± 0.53, and P2: 4.44 ± 0.41. There is a decreased expression of AIF on intravenous glutamine administration, followed by a decrease in apoptosis in the podocyte. In conclusion, glutamine administration might represent the treatment of nephrotoxic-induced cisplatin.
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75
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Kashyap D, Garg VK, Goel N. Intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of apoptosis: Role in cancer development and prognosis. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2021; 125:73-120. [PMID: 33931145 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2021.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis, also named programmed cell death, is a fundament process required for morphogenetic homeostasis during early development and in pathophysiological conditions. It is come into existence in 1972 by work of Kerr, Wyllie and Currie and later on investigated during the research on development of the C. elegans. Trigger by several stimuli, apoptosis is necessary during the embryonic development and aging as homeostatic mechanism to control the cell population and also play a key role as defense mechanism against the immune responses and elimination of damaged cells. Cancer, a genetic disease, is a growing burden on the health and economy of both developing and developed countries. Every year there is tremendously increasing in the number of new cancer cases and mortality rate. Although, there is a significant improvement have been made in biotechnological and bioinformatic fields however, the therapeutic advantages and cancer etiology is still under explored. Several studies determined the deregulation of different apoptotic components during the cancer development and progression. Apoptosis relies on activation of distinct signaling pathways that are often deregulated in cancer. Thus, exploring the single or more than one apoptotic component underlying their expression in carcinogenesis could help to track the disease progression. Current book chapter will provide the several evidences supporting the use of different apoptotic components as prognosis and prediction markers in various human cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharambir Kashyap
- Department of Histopathology, Postgraduation Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | | | - Neelam Goel
- Department of Information Technology, UIET, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
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76
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The Mia40/CHCHD4 Oxidative Folding System: Redox Regulation and Signaling in the Mitochondrial Intermembrane Space. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10040592. [PMID: 33921425 PMCID: PMC8069373 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10040592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are critical for several cellular functions as they control metabolism, cell physiology, and cell death. The mitochondrial proteome consists of around 1500 proteins, the vast majority of which (about 99% of them) are encoded by nuclear genes, with only 13 polypeptides in human cells encoded by mitochondrial DNA. Therefore, it is critical for all the mitochondrial proteins that are nuclear-encoded to be targeted precisely and sorted specifically to their site of action inside mitochondria. These processes of targeting and sorting are catalysed by protein translocases that operate in each one of the mitochondrial sub-compartments. The main protein import pathway for the intermembrane space (IMS) recognises proteins that are cysteine-rich, and it is the only import pathway that chemically modifies the imported precursors by introducing disulphide bonds to them. In this manner, the precursors are trapped in the IMS in a folded state. The key component of this pathway is Mia40 (called CHCHD4 in human cells), which itself contains cysteine motifs and is subject to redox regulation. In this review, we detail the basic components of the MIA pathway and the disulphide relay mechanism that underpins the electron transfer reaction along the oxidative folding mechanism. Then, we discuss the key protein modulators of this pathway and how they are interlinked to the small redox-active molecules that critically affect the redox state in the IMS. We present also evidence that the mitochondrial redox processes that are linked to iron–sulfur clusters biogenesis and calcium homeostasis coalesce in the IMS at the MIA machinery. The fact that the MIA machinery and several of its interactors and substrates are linked to a variety of common human diseases connected to mitochondrial dysfunction highlight the potential of redox processes in the IMS as a promising new target for developing new treatments for some of the most complex and devastating human diseases.
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77
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Singh M, Mansuri MS, Kadam A, Palit SP, Dwivedi M, Laddha NC, Begum R. Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha affects melanocyte survival and melanin synthesis via multiple pathways in vitiligo. Cytokine 2021; 140:155432. [PMID: 33517195 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is a major mediator of inflammation and its increased levels have been analyzed in vitiligo patients. Vitiligo is a depigmentary skin disarray caused due to disapperance of functional melanocytes. The aim of the study was to investigate the role of TNF-α in melanocyte biology, analyzing candidate molecules of melanocytes and immune homeostasis. Our results showed increased TNF-α transcripts in vitiligenous lesional and non-lesional skin. Melanocytes upon exogenous stimulation with TNF-α exhibited a significant reduction in cell viability with elevated cellular and mitochondrial ROS and compromised complex I activity. Moreover, we observed a reduction in melanin content via shedding of dendrites, down-regulation of MITF-M, TYR and up-regulation of TNFR1, IL6, ICAM1 expression, whereas TNFR2 levels remain unaltered. TNF-α exposure stimulated cell apoptosis at 48 h and autophagy at 12 h, elevating ATG12 and BECN1 transcripts. Our novel findings establish the functional link between autophagy and melanocyte destruction. Overall, our study suggests a key function of TNF-α in melanocyte homeostasis and autoimmune vitiligo pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mala Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara 390 002, Gujarat, India
| | - Mohmmad Shoab Mansuri
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara 390 002, Gujarat, India
| | - Ashlesha Kadam
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara 390 002, Gujarat, India
| | - Sayantani P Palit
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara 390 002, Gujarat, India
| | - Mitesh Dwivedi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara 390 002, Gujarat, India
| | - Naresh C Laddha
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara 390 002, Gujarat, India
| | - Rasheedunnisa Begum
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara 390 002, Gujarat, India.
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78
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Chang Z, Yang M, Ji H. Molecular characterization and functional analysis of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) in palmitic acid-induced apoptosis in Ctenopharyngodon idellus kidney (CIK) cells. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2021; 47:213-224. [PMID: 33528736 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-020-00907-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Palmitic acid (PA), the most common saturated free fatty acid, may cause apoptosis when overloaded in non-fat cells. Apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) is known to translocate from the mitochondria into the nucleus to induce apoptosis. However, it remains to be investigated whether AIF involved in palmitic acid-induced lipoapoptosis in fish. In the present study, we cloned a coding sequence of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) AIF (CiAIF) gene, and determined its function in Ctenopharyngodon idellus kidney (CIK) cells. The open reading frame (ORF) of CiAIF gene is 1863 bp, encoding a precursor protein of 620 amino acids (aa). Sequence analysis indicated that CiAIF contains a mitochondrial localization sequence, a conserved Pyr_redox and a C-terminal domain. Phylogenetic analyses showed that the CiAIF gene tended to cluster with sequences from Danio rerio. CiAIF gene was ubiquitously expressed in all tested tissues, including heart, liver, spleen, muscle, brain, eye, kidney, intestine, and fat. Moreover, we demonstrated that PA treatment induced the expression level of CiAIF and increases in markers of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and apoptosis. Meanwhile, ER stress-inducing agent thapsigargin (TG) induced CiAIF translocated into the nucleus in CIK cells, whereas the suppression of ER stress inhibited PA-induced CiAIF expression and apoptosis. In addition, overexpression of CiAIF caused apoptosis by upregulating capase9, capase8, and capase3b, and affects protein translation via directly interacting with CieIF3g. Taken together, our data indicate that in Ctenopharyngodon idellus, PA is key elements that affect not only ER stress and mitochondrial apoptosis but also different physiological functions, such as protein translation, and CiAIF might play a key role in this progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiguang Chang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Minghui Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Hong Ji
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi Province, China.
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79
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Mehrzadi S, Pourhanifeh MH, Mirzaei A, Moradian F, Hosseinzadeh A. An updated review of mechanistic potentials of melatonin against cancer: pivotal roles in angiogenesis, apoptosis, autophagy, endoplasmic reticulum stress and oxidative stress. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:188. [PMID: 33789681 PMCID: PMC8011077 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-01892-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancers are serious life-threatening diseases which annually are responsible for millions of deaths across the world. Despite many developments in therapeutic approaches for affected individuals, the rate of morbidity and mortality is high. The survival rate and life quality of cancer patients is still low. In addition, the poor prognosis of patients and side effects of the present treatments underscores that finding novel and effective complementary and alternative therapies is a critical issue. Melatonin is a powerful anticancer agent and its efficiency has been widely documented up to now. Melatonin applies its anticancer abilities through affecting various mechanisms including angiogenesis, apoptosis, autophagy, endoplasmic reticulum stress and oxidative stress. Regarding the implication of mentioned cellular processes in cancer pathogenesis, we aimed to further evaluate the anticancer effects of melatonin via these mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Mehrzadi
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Pourhanifeh
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Alireza Mirzaei
- Bone and Joint Reconstruction Research Center, Shafa Orthopedic Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farid Moradian
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azam Hosseinzadeh
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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80
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Xing Y, Li Y, Hu B, Han F, Zhao X, Zhang H, Li Y, Li D, Li J, Jin F, Li F. PAK5-mediated AIF phosphorylation inhibits its nuclear translocation and promotes breast cancer tumorigenesis. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:1315-1327. [PMID: 33867848 PMCID: PMC8040471 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.58102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Although p21 activated kinase 5 (PAK5) is related to the progression of multiple cancers, its biological function in breast cancer remains unclear. Apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) is a vital apoptosis factor in mitochondria, which can be released from mitochondria and enter the nucleus, causing caspase-independent apoptosis. In this study, we reveal that PAK5 inhibits apoptosis by preventing the nuclear translocation of AIF. PAK5 inhibits the release of AIF from mitochondria in breast cancer cells by decreasing the mitochondria membrane permeability and increasing the membrane potential. Furthermore, PAK5 phosphorylates AIF at Thr281 site to inhibit the formation of AIF/importin α3 complex, leading to decrease AIF nuclear translocation. Functionally, we demonstrate that PAK5-mediated AIF phosphorylation promotes the proliferation of breast cancer cells and accelerates the growth of breast cancer in vivo. Significantly, PAK5 and AIF expression in breast cancer are positively correlated with poor patient prognosis. PAK5 expression is negatively correlated with AIF nuclear translocation. These results suggest that PAK5-AIF signaling pathway may play an essential role in mammary tumorigenesis, providing a new therapeutic target for the treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Xing
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology of National Health Commission of the PRC, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education of the PRC, China Medical University, No.77, Puhe Road, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology of National Health Commission of the PRC, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education of the PRC, China Medical University, No.77, Puhe Road, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Bingtao Hu
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology of National Health Commission of the PRC, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education of the PRC, China Medical University, No.77, Puhe Road, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Fuyi Han
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology of National Health Commission of the PRC, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education of the PRC, China Medical University, No.77, Puhe Road, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology of National Health Commission of the PRC, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education of the PRC, China Medical University, No.77, Puhe Road, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Hongyan Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology of National Health Commission of the PRC, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education of the PRC, China Medical University, No.77, Puhe Road, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Yanshu Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology of National Health Commission of the PRC, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education of the PRC, China Medical University, No.77, Puhe Road, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Danni Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jiabin Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology of National Health Commission of the PRC, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education of the PRC, China Medical University, No.77, Puhe Road, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Feng Jin
- Department of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgical Oncology, Research Unit of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155, North Nanjing Street, Heping District, 110001 Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology of National Health Commission of the PRC, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education of the PRC, China Medical University, No.77, Puhe Road, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
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81
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Shteinfer-Kuzmine A, Verma A, Arif T, Aizenberg O, Paul A, Shoshan-Barmaz V. Mitochondria and nucleus cross-talk: Signaling in metabolism, apoptosis, and differentiation, and function in cancer. IUBMB Life 2021; 73:492-510. [PMID: 33179373 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The cross-talk between the mitochondrion and the nucleus regulates cellular functions, including differentiation and adaptation to stress. Mitochondria supply metabolites for epigenetic modifications and other nuclear-associated activities and certain mitochondrial proteins were found in the nucleus. The voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1), localized at the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM) is a central protein in controlling energy production, cell growth, Ca2+ homeostasis, and apoptosis. To alter the cross-talk between the mitochondria and the nucleus, we used specific siRNA to silence the expression of VDAC1 in glioblastoma (GBM) U87-MG and U118-MG cell-derived tumors, and then monitored the nuclear localization of mitochondrial proteins and the methylation and acetylation of histones. Depletion of VDAC1 from tumor cells reduced metabolism, leading to inhibition of tumor growth, and several tumor-associated processes and signaling pathways linked to cancer development. In addition, we demonstrate that certain mitochondrial pro-apoptotic proteins such as caspases 3, 8, and 9, and p53 were unexpectedly overexpressed in tumors, suggesting that they possess additional non-apoptotic functions. VDAC1 depletion and metabolic reprograming altered their expression levels and subcellular localization, specifically their translocation to the nucleus. In addition, VDAC1 depletion also leads to epigenetic modifications of histone acetylation and methylation, suggesting that the interchange between metabolism and cancer signaling pathways involves mitochondria-nucleus cross-talk. The mechanisms regulating mitochondrial protein trafficking into and out of the nucleus and the role these proteins play in the nucleus remain to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Shteinfer-Kuzmine
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Ankit Verma
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Tasleem Arif
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
- Department of Cell, Developmental, & Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Or Aizenberg
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Avijit Paul
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
- Special Center for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Varda Shoshan-Barmaz
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
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82
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Beijer D, Baets J. The expanding genetic landscape of hereditary motor neuropathies. Brain 2021; 143:3540-3563. [PMID: 33210134 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awaa311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary motor neuropathies are clinically and genetically diverse disorders characterized by length-dependent axonal degeneration of lower motor neurons. Although currently as many as 26 causal genes are known, there is considerable missing heritability compared to other inherited neuropathies such as Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. Intriguingly, this genetic landscape spans a discrete number of key biological processes within the peripheral nerve. Also, in terms of underlying pathophysiology, hereditary motor neuropathies show striking overlap with several other neuromuscular and neurological disorders. In this review, we provide a current overview of the genetic spectrum of hereditary motor neuropathies highlighting recent reports of novel genes and mutations or recent discoveries in the underlying disease mechanisms. In addition, we link hereditary motor neuropathies with various related disorders by addressing the main affected pathways of disease divided into five major processes: axonal transport, tRNA aminoacylation, RNA metabolism and DNA integrity, ion channels and transporters and endoplasmic reticulum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danique Beijer
- Translational Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Belgium.,Laboratory of Neuromuscular Pathology, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jonathan Baets
- Translational Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Belgium.,Laboratory of Neuromuscular Pathology, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Belgium.,Neuromuscular Reference Centre, Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium
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83
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Amarsanaa K, Kim HJ, Ko EA, Jo J, Jung SC. Nobiletin Exhibits Neuroprotective Effects against Mitochondrial Complex I Inhibition via Regulating Apoptotic Signaling. Exp Neurobiol 2021; 30:73-86. [PMID: 33424017 PMCID: PMC7926044 DOI: 10.5607/en20051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Nobiletin, a polymethoxylated flavonoid found in citrus, has been studied because of its modulatory functions in cellular signaling cascades, and effects to prevent mitochondrial calcium overload and neuronal cell death. Particularly, we previously reported that nobiletin induced changes in the mitochondrial membrane potential through K+ channel regulation, suggesting that nobiletin might exert neuroprotective effects via regulating mitochondrial functions associated with the electron transport chain (ETC) system. This study investigated whether nobiletin regulated mitochondrial dysfunction mediated by ETC system downregulation by inhibiting complex I (CI) and complex III (CIII) in pure mitochondria and the cortical neurons of rats. The results showed that nobiletin significantly reduced mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, inhibited apoptotic signaling, enhanced ATP production and then restored neuronal viability under conditions of CI inhibition, but not CIII inhibition. These effects were attributed to the downregulation of translocation of apoptosis-induced factor (AIF), and the upregulation of CI activity and the expression of antioxidant enzymes such as Nrf2 and HO-1. Together with our previous study, these results indicate that the neuroprotective effects of nobiletin under mitochondrial dysfunction may be associated with its function to activate antioxidant signaling cascades. Our findings suggest the possibility that nobiletin has therapeutic potential in treating oxidative neurological and neurodegenerative diseases mediated by mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khulan Amarsanaa
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - Hye-Ji Kim
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - Eun-A Ko
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - Jaemin Jo
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - Sung-Cherl Jung
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea.,Institute of Medical Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea.,Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology & Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
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84
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Burgos-Aceves MA, Abo-Al-Ela HG, Faggio C. Physiological and metabolic approach of plastic additive effects: Immune cells responses. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 404:124114. [PMID: 33035909 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Human and wildlife are continually exposed to a wide range of compounds and substances, which reach the body through the air, water, food, or personal care products. Plasticizers are compounds added to plastics and can be released to the environment under certain conditions. Toxicological studies have concluded that plasticizers, phthalates, and bisphenols are endocrine disruptors, alter the endocrine system and functioning of the immune system and metabolic process. A functional immune response indicates favourable living conditions for an organism; conversely, a weak immune response could reveal a degraded environment that requires organisms to adapt. There is growing concern about the presence of plastic debris in the environment. In this review, the current knowledge of the action of plasticizers on leukocyte cells will be itemized. We also point out critically the role of some nuclear and membrane receptors as key players in the action of plasticizers on cells possess immune function. We discuss the role of erythrocytes within the immune responses and the alteration caused by plasticizers. Finally, we highlight data evidencing mitochondrial dysfunctions triggered by plasticizing toxic action, which can lead to immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Alberto Burgos-Aceves
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy.
| | - Haitham G Abo-Al-Ela
- Genetics and Biotechnology, Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fish Resources, Suez University, Suez, Egypt.
| | - Caterina Faggio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
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85
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Letkovska K, Babal P, Cierna Z, Schmidtova S, Liskova V, Kalavska K, Miskovska V, Horak S, Rejlekova K, Chovanec M, Mardiak J, Janega P, Mego M. Prognostic Value of Apoptosis-Inducing Factor (AIF) in Germ Cell Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040776. [PMID: 33668443 PMCID: PMC7917670 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Germ cell tumors (GCTs) are the most common solid malignancies in young men. GCTs are extraordinary sensitive to chemotherapy and represent a model of curable cancer. However, in a small proportion of patients the disease progresses or relapses despite administration of salvage chemotherapy. Apoptosis is a form of programmed cell death that occurs in multicellular organisms. It is well established that dysregulation of apoptosis plays an important role in pathogenesis of malignant diseases and may be associated with tumor progression and resistance to cytotoxic treatment. This study aimed to evaluate expression of apoptosis inducing factor (AIF) in GCTs. We observed lower AIF expression in GCTs compared to normal testicular tissue. We also showed prognostic significance of AIF in GCTs. AIF downregulation might represent one of the mechanisms of inhibition of apoptosis with subsequent facilitation of cell survival and metastatic dissemination of GCTs and perhaps could serve as a potential therapeutic target. Abstract Apoptosis is a strictly regulated process essential for preservation of tissue homeostasis. This study aimed to evaluate expression of apoptosis inducing factor (AIF) in testicular germ cell tumors (GCTs) and to correlate expression patterns with clinicopathological variables. Formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded specimens of non-neoplastic testicular tissue and GCTs obtained from 216 patients were included in the study. AIF expression was detected by immunohistochemistry, scored by the multiplicative quickscore method (QS). Normal testicular tissue exhibits higher cytoplasmic granular expression of AIF compared to GCTs (mean QS = 12.77 vs. 4.80, p < 0.0001). Among invasive GCTs, mean QS was the highest in embryonal carcinoma, yolk sac tumor and seminoma, lower in teratoma and the lowest in choriocarcinoma. No nuclear translocation of AIF was observed. Nonpulmonary visceral metastases were associated with lower AIF expression. Metastatic GCTs patients with high AIF expression had better overall survival compared to patients with low AIF expression (HR = 0.26, 95% CI 0.11–0.62, p = 0.048). We observed significantly lower AIF expression in GCTs compared to normal testicular tissue, which is an uncommon finding in malignant tumors. AIF downregulation might represent one of the mechanisms of inhibition of apoptosis and promotion of cell survival in GCTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Letkovska
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 813 72 Bratislava, Slovakia; (K.L.); (P.B.); (Z.C.); (S.H.); (P.J.)
| | - Pavel Babal
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 813 72 Bratislava, Slovakia; (K.L.); (P.B.); (Z.C.); (S.H.); (P.J.)
| | - Zuzana Cierna
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 813 72 Bratislava, Slovakia; (K.L.); (P.B.); (Z.C.); (S.H.); (P.J.)
- Department of Pathology, Faculty Hospital, A. Zarnova, 917 75 Trnava, Slovakia
| | - Silvia Schmidtova
- Translational Research Unit, 2nd Department of Oncology, Comenius University, Faculty of Medicine, National Cancer Institute, 833 10 Bratislava, Slovakia; (S.S.); (K.K.)
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, 814 39 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Veronika Liskova
- Institute of Clinical and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Katarína Kalavska
- Translational Research Unit, 2nd Department of Oncology, Comenius University, Faculty of Medicine, National Cancer Institute, 833 10 Bratislava, Slovakia; (S.S.); (K.K.)
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, 814 39 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Vera Miskovska
- 1st Department of Oncology, Comenius University, Faculty of Medicine, St. Elisabeth Cancer Institute, 812 50 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Samuel Horak
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 813 72 Bratislava, Slovakia; (K.L.); (P.B.); (Z.C.); (S.H.); (P.J.)
| | - Katarina Rejlekova
- 2nd Department of Oncology, Comenius University, Faculty of Medicine, National Cancer Institute, 833 10 Bratislava, Slovakia; (K.R.); (M.C.); (J.M.)
| | - Michal Chovanec
- 2nd Department of Oncology, Comenius University, Faculty of Medicine, National Cancer Institute, 833 10 Bratislava, Slovakia; (K.R.); (M.C.); (J.M.)
| | - Jozef Mardiak
- 2nd Department of Oncology, Comenius University, Faculty of Medicine, National Cancer Institute, 833 10 Bratislava, Slovakia; (K.R.); (M.C.); (J.M.)
| | - Pavel Janega
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 813 72 Bratislava, Slovakia; (K.L.); (P.B.); (Z.C.); (S.H.); (P.J.)
| | - Michal Mego
- Translational Research Unit, 2nd Department of Oncology, Comenius University, Faculty of Medicine, National Cancer Institute, 833 10 Bratislava, Slovakia; (S.S.); (K.K.)
- 2nd Department of Oncology, Comenius University, Faculty of Medicine, National Cancer Institute, 833 10 Bratislava, Slovakia; (K.R.); (M.C.); (J.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +421-2-59378366; Fax: +421-2-54774943
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Hintze M, Griesing S, Michels M, Blanck B, Wischhof L, Hartmann D, Bano D, Franz T. Alopecia in Harlequin mutant mice is associated with reduced AIF protein levels and expression of retroviral elements. Mamm Genome 2021; 32:12-29. [PMID: 33367954 PMCID: PMC7878237 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-020-09854-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the contribution of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF), a key regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis, in supporting hair growth. We report that pelage abnormalities developed during hair follicle (HF) morphogenesis in Harlequin (Hq) mutant mice. Fragility of the hair cortex was associated with decreased expression of genes encoding structural hair proteins, though key transcriptional regulators of HF development were expressed at normal levels. Notably, Aifm1 (R200 del) knockin males and Aifm1(R200 del)/Hq females showed minor hair defects, despite substantially reduced AIF levels. Furthermore, we cloned the integrated ecotropic provirus of the Aifm1Hq allele. We found that its overexpression in wild-type keratinocyte cell lines led to down-regulation of HF-specific Krt84 and Krtap3-3 genes without altering Aifm1 or epidermal Krt5 expression. Together, our findings imply that pelage paucity in Hq mutant mice is mechanistically linked to severe AIF deficiency and is associated with the expression of retroviral elements that might potentially influence the transcriptional regulation of structural hair proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maik Hintze
- Institute of Anatomy, Neuroanatomy, Medical Faculty, UKB, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
- Medical Department, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Sebastian Griesing
- Institute of Anatomy, Neuroanatomy, Medical Faculty, UKB, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Dept. of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei City, 100, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Marion Michels
- Institute of Anatomy, Neuroanatomy, Medical Faculty, UKB, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Birgit Blanck
- Institute of Anatomy, Neuroanatomy, Medical Faculty, UKB, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Lena Wischhof
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Dieter Hartmann
- Institute of Anatomy, Neuroanatomy, Medical Faculty, UKB, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Daniele Bano
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Thomas Franz
- Institute of Anatomy, Neuroanatomy, Medical Faculty, UKB, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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87
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Ghanbarinejad V, Jamshidzadeh A, Khalvati B, Farshad O, Li H, Shi X, Chen Y, Ommati MM, Heidari R. Apoptosis-inducing factor plays a role in the pathogenesis of hepatic and renal injury during cholestasis. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2021; 394:1191-1203. [PMID: 33527194 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-020-02041-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cholestasis is a clinical complication with different etiologies. The liver is the primary organ influenced in cholestasis. Renal injury is also a severe clinical complication in cholestatic/cirrhotic patients. Several studies mentioned the importance of oxidative stress and mitochondrial impairment as two mechanistically interrelated events in cholestasis-induced organ injury. Apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) is a flavoprotein located in the inner mitochondrial membrane. This molecule is involved in a distinct pathway of cell death. The current study aimed to evaluate the role of AIF in the pathophysiology of cholestasis-associated hepatic and renal injury. Bile duct ligation (BDL) was used as an animal model of cholestasis. Serum, urine, and tissue samples were collected at scheduled time intervals (3, 7, 14, and 28 days after BDL surgery). Tissues' AIF mRNA levels, as well as serum, urine, and tissue activity of AIF, were measured. Moreover, markers of DNA fragmentation and apoptosis were assessed in the liver and kidney of cholestatic animals. A significant increase in liver and kidney AIF mRNA levels, in addition to increased AIF activity in the liver, kidney, serum, and urine, was detected in BDL rats. DNA fragmentation and apoptosis were raised in the liver and kidney of cholestatic animals, especially at the early stage of the disease. The apoptotic mode of cell death in the liver and kidney was connected to a higher AIF level. These data mention the importance of AIF in the pathogenesis of cholestasis-induced organ injury, especially at the early stage of this disease. Mitochondrial release of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) seems to play a pathogenic role in cholestasis-associated hepatic and renal injury. AIF release is directly connected to oxidative stress and mitochondrial impairment in cholestatic animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Ghanbarinejad
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 158371345, Roknabad, Karafarin St, Shiraz, Fars, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Akram Jamshidzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 158371345, Roknabad, Karafarin St, Shiraz, Fars, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Bahman Khalvati
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Omid Farshad
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 158371345, Roknabad, Karafarin St, Shiraz, Fars, Iran
| | - Huifeng Li
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiong Shi
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Yuanyu Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Ommati
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China.
| | - Reza Heidari
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 158371345, Roknabad, Karafarin St, Shiraz, Fars, Iran.
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88
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Zhang Y, Gliyazova NS, Li PA, Ibeanu G. Phenoxythiophene sulfonamide compound B355252 protects neuronal cells against glutamate-induced excitotoxicity by attenuating mitochondrial fission and the nuclear translocation of AIF. Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:221. [PMID: 33603830 PMCID: PMC7851598 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.9652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutamate neurotoxicity has been implicated in the initiation and progression of various neurological and neurodegenerative disorders. Therefore, it is necessary to develop therapeutics for the treatment of patients with these devastating diseases. Mitochondrial fission plays an import role in the mediation of cell death and survival. The objective of the present study was to determine whether B355252, a phenoxythiophene sulfonamide derivative, reduces glutamate-induced cell death by inhibiting mitochondrial fission and the nuclear translocation of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) in glutamate-challenged HT22 neuronal cells. The results revealed that glutamate treatment led to large increases in the mitochondrial levels of the major fission proteins dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) and mitochondrial fission 1 protein (Fis1), but only small elevations in the fusion proteins mitofusin 1 and 2 (Mfn1/2) and optic atrophy 1 (Opa1). In addition, glutamate toxicity disrupted mitochondrial reticular networks and increased the translocation of AIF to the nucleus. Pretreatment with B35525 reduced glutamate-induced cell death and prevented the increases in the protein levels of Drp1, Fis1, Mfn1/2 and Opa1 in the mitochondrial fraction. More importantly, the architecture of the mitochondria was protected and nuclear translocation of AIF was completely inhibited by B35525. These findings suggest that the regulation of mitochondrial dynamics is central to the neuroprotective properties of B355252, and presents an attractive opportunity for potential development as a therapy for neurodegenerative disorders associated with mitochondria dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise (BRITE), North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China.,School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Nailya S Gliyazova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise (BRITE), North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | - P Andy Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise (BRITE), North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | - Gordon Ibeanu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise (BRITE), North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA
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89
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Novel Antioxidant, Deethylated Ethoxyquin, Protects against Carbon Tetrachloride Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats by Inhibiting NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation and Apoptosis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10010122. [PMID: 33467773 PMCID: PMC7829797 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10010122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and an increase in antioxidant responses mediated by oxidative stress play an important role in the pathogenesis of acute liver injury (ALI). We utilized in silico prediction of biological activity spectra for substances (PASS) analysis to estimate the potential biological activity profile of deethylated ethoxyquin (DEQ) and hypothesized that DEQ exhibits antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in a rat model of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced ALI. Our results demonstrate that DEQ improved liver function which was indicated by the reduction of histopathological liver changes. Treatment with DEQ reduced CCl4-induced elevation of gene expression, and the activity of antioxidant enzymes (AEs), as well as the expression of transcription factors Nfe2l2 and Nfkb2. Furthermore, DEQ treatment inhibited apoptosis, downregulated gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (Tnf and Il6), cyclooxygenase 2 (Ptgs2), decreased glutathione (GSH) level and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in rats with ALI. Notably, DEQ treatment led to an inhibition of CCl4-induced NLRP3-inflammasome activation which was indicated by the reduced protein expression of IL-1β, caspase-1, and NLRP3 in the liver. Our data suggest that DEQ has a hepatoprotective effect mediated by redox-homeostasis regulation, NLRP3 inflammasome, and apoptosis inhibition, which makes that compound a promising candidate for future clinical studies.
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90
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91
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Rodriguez J, Li T, Xu Y, Sun Y, Zhu C. Role of apoptosis-inducing factor in perinatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:205-213. [PMID: 32859765 PMCID: PMC7896227 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.290875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Perinatal complications, such as asphyxia, can cause brain injuries that are often associated with subsequent neurological deficits, such as cerebral palsy or mental retardation. The mechanisms of perinatal brain injury are not fully understood, but mitochondria play a prominent role not only due to their central function in metabolism but also because many proteins with apoptosis-related functions are located in the mitochondrion. Among these proteins, apoptosis-inducing factor has already been shown to be an important factor involved in neuronal cell death upon hypoxia-ischemia, but a better understanding of the mechanisms behind these processes is required for the development of more effective treatments during the early stages of perinatal brain injury. In this review, we focus on the molecular mechanisms of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, specifically on the importance of apoptosis-inducing factor. The relevance of apoptosis-inducing factor is based not only because it participates in the caspase-independent apoptotic pathway but also because it plays a crucial role in mitochondrial energetic functionality, especially with regard to the maintenance of electron transport during oxidative phosphorylation and in oxidative stress, acting as a free radical scavenger. We also discuss all the different apoptosis-inducing factor isoforms discovered, focusing especially on apoptosis-inducing factor 2, which is only expressed in the brain and the functions of which are starting now to be clarified. Finally, we summarized the interaction of apoptosis-inducing factor with several proteins that are crucial for both apoptosis-inducing factor functions (pro-survival and pro-apoptotic) and that are highly important in order to develop promising therapeutic targets for improving outcomes after perinatal brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Rodriguez
- Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tao Li
- Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury, Institute of Neuroscience and Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Yiran Xu
- Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury, Institute of Neuroscience and Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Yanyan Sun
- Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Changlian Zhu
- Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury, Institute of Neuroscience and Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China; Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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92
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Cocomazzi P, Tarantino D, Mastrangelo E, Aliverti A. Ligand Binding in Allosteric Flavoproteins: Part 2. Quantitative Analysis of the Redox-Dependent Interaction of the Apoptosis-Inducing Factor (AIF) with Its Protein Partner. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2280:189-198. [PMID: 33751436 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1286-6_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
To perform their action usually flavoproteins interact transiently with a variety of molecular partners, whose binding is reciprocally affected and often controlled by the redox state of the bound flavin cofactor. As a case study, here we describe an approach for the quantitative characterization of the redox-controlled interaction of the mammalian apoptosis inducing factor (AIF) with one of its known protein partners, namely, the mitochondrial coiled-coil-helix-coiled-coil-helix domain-containing protein 4 (CHCHD4). In particular, we report a protocol for the titration of the flavoprotein in both in its oxidized and reduced states with CHCHD4, using an implementation of the MicroScale Thermophoresis (MST) technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Cocomazzi
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Delia Tarantino
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Eloise Mastrangelo
- CNR-IBF, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Istituto di Biofisica, Milan, Italy
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93
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Cocomazzi P, Sorrentino L, Cossu F, Aliverti A. Ligand Binding in Allosteric Flavoproteins: Part 1. Quantitative Analysis of the Interaction with NAD + of the Apoptosis Inducing Factor (AIF) Harboring FAD in the Reduced State. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2280:179-187. [PMID: 33751435 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1286-6_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
To perform their action, flavoproteins usually interact with a variety of low molecular weight partners, including electron transporters, yielding transient complexes whose tightness is often controlled by the redox state of the bound flavin cofactor. As a case study, here we describe the quantitative analysis of the redox-dependent interaction of the mammalian apoptosis inducing factor (AIF) with its NAD+ ligand. In particular, we report a protocol for the spectrophotometric titration of AIF in its reduced state under anaerobic conditions with NAD+, in order to determine the dissociation constant of the resulting complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Cocomazzi
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Sorrentino
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Cossu
- CNR-IBF, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Istituto di Biofisica, Milan, Italy
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94
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Vostakolaei MA, Hatami-Baroogh L, Babaei G, Molavi O, Kordi S, Abdolalizadeh J. Hsp70 in cancer: A double agent in the battle between survival and death. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:3420-3444. [PMID: 33169384 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The heat shock protein (Hsps) superfamily, also known as molecular chaperones, are highly conserved and present in all living organisms and play vital roles in protein fate. The HspA1A (Hsp70-1), called Hsp70 in this review, is expressed at low or undetectable levels in most unstressed normal cells, but numerous studies have shown that diverse types of tumor cells express Hsp70 at the plasma membrane that leads to resistance to programmed cell death and tumor progression. Hsp70 is released into the extracellular milieu in three forms including free soluble, complexed with cancer antigenic peptides, and exosome forms. Therefore, it seems to be a promising therapeutic target in human malignancies. However, a great number of studies have indicated that both intracellular and extracellular Hsp70 have a dual function. A line of evidence presented that intracellular Hsp70 has a cytoprotective function via suppression of apoptosis and lysosomal cell death (LCD) as well as that extracellular Hsp70 can promote tumorigenesis and angiogenesis. Other evidence showed intracellular Hsp70 can promote apoptosis and membrane-associated/extracellular Hsp70 can elicit antitumor innate and adaptive immune responses. Given the contradictory functions, as a "double agent," could Hsp70 be a promising tool in the future of targeted cancer therapies? To answer this question, in this review, we will discuss the functions of Hsp70 in cancers besides inhibition and stimulation strategies for targeting Hsp70 along with their challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi A Vostakolaei
- Digestive Diseases Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.,Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Leila Hatami-Baroogh
- Department of Reproduction and Development, Royan Institute for Animal Biotechnology, ACER, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ghader Babaei
- Department of Biochemistry, Urmia University Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Ommoleila Molavi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Shirafkan Kordi
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Jalal Abdolalizadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Paramedical Faculty, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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95
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Zhou Y, Liu L, Tao S, Yao Y, Wang Y, Wei Q, Shao A, Deng Y. Parthanatos and its associated components: Promising therapeutic targets for cancer. Pharmacol Res 2020; 163:105299. [PMID: 33171306 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Parthanatos is a PARP1-dependent, caspase-independent, cell-death pathway that is distinct from apoptosis, necrosis, or other known forms of cell death. Parthanatos is a multistep pathway that plays a pivotal role in tumorigenesis. There are many molecules in the parthanatos cascade that can be exploited to create therapeutic interventions for cancer management, including PARP1, PARG, ARH3, AIF, and MIF. These critical molecules are involved in tumor cell proliferation, progression, invasion, and metastasis. Therefore, these molecular signals in the parthanatos cascade represent promising therapeutic targets for cancer therapy. In addition, intimate interactions occur between parthanatos and other forms of cancer cell death, such as apoptosis and autophagy. Thus, co-targeting a combination of parthanatos and other death pathways may further provide a new avenue for cancer precision treatment. In this review, we elaborate on the signaling pathways of canonical parthanatos and briefly introduce the non-canonical parthanatos. We also shed light on the role parthanatos and its associated components play in tumorigenesis, particularly with respect to the aforementioned five molecules, and discuss the promise targeted therapy of parthanatos and its associated components holds for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxiang Zhou
- Department of Surgical Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Lihong Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Sifeng Tao
- Department of Surgical Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Yihan Yao
- Department of Surgical Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Yali Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Qichun Wei
- Department of Radiation Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China.
| | - Anwen Shao
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China.
| | - Yongchuan Deng
- Department of Surgical Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
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Chen Q, Thompson J, Hu Y, Lesnefsky EJ. Cardiomyocyte specific deletion of p53 decreases cell injury during ischemia-reperfusion: Role of Mitochondria. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 158:162-170. [PMID: 32711023 PMCID: PMC7484321 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
p53 is a tumor suppressor protein with a very low content in the basal condition, but the content rapidly rises during stress conditions including ischemia-reperfusion. An increase in p53 content increases cardiac injury during ischemia-reperfusion. Since mitochondrial damage plays a key role in cardiac injury during ischemia-reperfusion, we asked if genetic ablation of p53 decreases cardiac injury by protecting mitochondria. Isolated, perfused hearts from cardiac specific p53 deletion or wild type underwent 25 min global ischemia at 37 °C and 60 min reperfusion. At the end of reperfusion, hearts were harvested for infarct size measurement. In separate groups, cardiac mitochondria were isolated at 30 min reperfusion. Time control hearts were buffer-perfused without ischemia. Compared to wild type, deletion of p53 improved cardiac functional recovery and decreased infarct size following ischemia-reperfusion. Oxidative phosphorylation was improved in p53 deletion mitochondria following ischemia-reperfusion compared to wild type. The net release of ROS generation from wild type but not in p53 deletion mitochondria was increased following ischemia-reperfusion. Peroxiredoxin 3 (PRDX 3) content was higher in p53 deletion than that in wild type, indicating that p53 deletion increases a key antioxidant. Ischemia-reperfusion led to increased spectrin cleavage (a marker of cytosolic calpain1 activation) in wild type but not in p53 deletion mice. Ischemia-reperfusion increased the truncation of mature AIF (apoptosis inducing factor, an indicator of mitochondrial calpain1 activation) in wild type but not in p53 deletion mice. The loss of cytochrome c from mitochondria was also decreased in p53 deletion following ischemia-reperfusion. Bcl-2 content was decreased in wild type but not in p53 deletion following reperfusion, suggesting that depletion of bcl-2 contributes to permeabilization of the mitochondrial outer membrane. Thus, deletion of p53 decreases cardiac injury by protecting mitochondria through attenuation of oxidative stress and calpain activation during ischemia-reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Chen
- Departments of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA.
| | - Jeremy Thompson
- Departments of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Ying Hu
- Departments of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Edward J Lesnefsky
- Departments of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA; Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA; McGuire Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
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97
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Nagakannan P, Tabeshmehr P, Eftekharpour E. Oxidative damage of lysosomes in regulated cell death systems: Pathophysiology and pharmacologic interventions. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 157:94-127. [PMID: 32259579 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Lysosomes are small specialized organelles containing a variety of different hydrolase enzymes that are responsible for degradation of all macromolecules, entering the cells through the endosomal system or originated from the internal sources. This allows for transport and recycling of nutrients and internalization of surface proteins for antigen presentation as well as maintaining cellular homeostasis. Lysosomes are also important storage compartments for metal ions and nutrients. The integrity of lysosomal membrane is central to maintaining their normal function, but like other cellular membranes, lysosomal membrane is subject to damage mediated by reactive oxygen species. This results in spillage of lysosomal enzymes into the cytoplasm, leading to proteolytic damage to cellular systems and organelles. Several forms of lysosomal dependent cell death have been identified in diseases. Examination of these events are important for finding treatment strategies relevant to cancer or neurodegenerative diseases as well as autoimmune deficiencies. In this review, we have examined the current literature on involvement of lysosomes in induction of programed cell death and have provided an extensive list of therapeutic approaches that can modulate cell death. Exploitation of these mechanisms can lead to novel therapies for cancer and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pandian Nagakannan
- Regenerative Medicine Program and Spinal Cord Research Centre, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Parisa Tabeshmehr
- Regenerative Medicine Program and Spinal Cord Research Centre, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Eftekhar Eftekharpour
- Regenerative Medicine Program and Spinal Cord Research Centre, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
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98
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Lo SM, Martinez PA, Marques EF, Miyamoto S, Valdameri G, Moure VR, Zanata SM, Nakao LS. Oxidation of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) to disulfide-linked conjugates. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 692:108515. [PMID: 32791141 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) is a flavoprotein and essential partner of the CHCHD4 redox protein during the mitochondrial intermembrane space import machinery. Mammalian AIF has three cysteine residues, which have received little attention. Previous reports have evidenced a redox interaction between AIF and thioredoxin 1 (Trx1), particularly after oxidant conditions. Therefore, we asked whether the cysteine residues of the human AIF could be oxidized. Our data showed that endogenous AIF could be oxidized to disulfide-linked conjugates (DLC). Overexpressed WT AIF in HEK293T cells, as well as recombinant WT AIF, formed DLC. Expression of C256S, C317S or C441S AIF mutants severely inhibited DLC formation in cells exposed to oxidants. In vitro, DLC formation was completely precluded with C256S and C441S AIF mutants and partially inhibited with the C317S mutant. DLC was shown to enhance cellular susceptibility to apoptosis induced by staurosporine, likely by preventing AIF to maintain mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Cells with decreased expression of Trx1 produced more AIF DLC than those with normal Trx1 levels, and in vitro, Trx1 was able to decrease the amount of AIF DLC. Finally, confocal analysis, as well as immunoblotting of mitochondrial fraction, indicated that a fraction of Trx1 is present in mitochondria. Overall, these data provide evidence that all three cysteine residues of AIF can be oxidized to DLC, which can be disrupted by mitochondrial Trx1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sze M Lo
- Department of Basic Pathology, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Centro Politécnico, 81531-980, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Pierina A Martinez
- Department of Basic Pathology, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Centro Politécnico, 81531-980, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Emerson F Marques
- Department of Biochemistry, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-000, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sayuri Miyamoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-000, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Glaucio Valdameri
- Laboratory of Cancer Drug Resistance, Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, Universidade Federal do Paraná, 80210-170, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Vivian R Moure
- Laboratory of Cancer Drug Resistance, Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, Universidade Federal do Paraná, 80210-170, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Silvio M Zanata
- Department of Basic Pathology, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Centro Politécnico, 81531-980, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Lia S Nakao
- Department of Basic Pathology, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Centro Politécnico, 81531-980, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
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99
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Dayan A, Yeheskel A, Lamed R, Fleminger G, Ashur-Fabian O. Dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase moonlighting activity as a DNA chelating agent. Proteins 2020; 89:21-28. [PMID: 32761961 DOI: 10.1002/prot.25991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (DLDH) is a mitochondrial enzyme that comprises an essential component of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. Lines of evidence have shown that many dehydrogenases possess unrelated actions known as moonlightings in addition to their oxidoreductase activity. As part of these activities, we have demonstrated that DLDH binds TiO2 as well as produces reactive oxygen species (ROS). This ROS production capability was harnessed for cancer therapy via integrin-mediated drug-delivery of RGD-modified DLDH (DLDHRGD ), leading to apoptotic cell death. In these experiments, DLDHRGD not only accumulated in the cytosol but also migrated to the cell nuclei, suggesting a potential DNA-binding capability of this enzyme. To explore this interaction under cell-free conditions, we have analyzed DLDH binding to phage lambda (λ) DNA by gel-shift assays and analytic ultracentrifugation, showing complex formation between the two, which led to full coverage of the DNA molecule with DLDH molecules. DNA binding did not affect DLDH enzymatic activity, indicating that there are neither conformational changes nor active site hindering in DLDH upon DNA-binding. A Docking algorithm for prediction of protein-DNA complexes, Paradoc, identified a putative DNA binding site at the C-terminus of DLDH. Our finding that TiO2 -bound DLDH failed to form a complex with DNA suggests partial overlapping between the two sites. To conclude, DLDH binding to DNA presents a novel moonlight activity which may be used for DNA alkylating in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avraham Dayan
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel
| | - Adva Yeheskel
- Bioinformatics Unit, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel
| | - Raphael Lamed
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel
| | - Gideon Fleminger
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel
| | - Osnat Ashur-Fabian
- The Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel
- Translational Oncology Laboratory, Meir Medical Center, Kfar-Saba, Israel
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Tolomeo M, Nisco A, Leone P, Barile M. Development of Novel Experimental Models to Study Flavoproteome Alterations in Human Neuromuscular Diseases: The Effect of Rf Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155310. [PMID: 32722651 PMCID: PMC7432027 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Inborn errors of Riboflavin (Rf) transport and metabolism have been recently related to severe human neuromuscular disorders, as resulting in profound alteration of human flavoproteome and, therefore, of cellular bioenergetics. This explains why the interest in studying the “flavin world”, a topic which has not been intensively investigated before, has increased much over the last few years. This also prompts basic questions concerning how Rf transporters and FAD (flavin adenine dinucleotide) -forming enzymes work in humans, and how they can create a coordinated network ensuring the maintenance of intracellular flavoproteome. The concept of a coordinated cellular “flavin network”, introduced long ago studying humans suffering for Multiple Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency (MADD), has been, later on, addressed in model organisms and more recently in cell models. In the frame of the underlying relevance of a correct supply of Rf in humans and of a better understanding of the molecular rationale of Rf therapy in patients, this review wants to deal with theories and existing experimental models in the aim to potentiate possible therapeutic interventions in Rf-related neuromuscular diseases.
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