51
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Targeting of stress response pathways in the prevention and treatment of cancer. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 36:583-602. [PMID: 29339119 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The hallmarks of tumor tissue are not only genetic aberrations but also the presence of metabolic and oxidative stress as a result of hypoxia and lactic acidosis. The stress activates several prosurvival pathways including metabolic remodeling, autophagy, antioxidant response, mitohormesis, and glutaminolysis, whose upregulation in tumors is associated with a poor survival of patients, while their activation in healthy tissue with statins, metformin, physical activity, and natural compounds prevents carcinogenesis. This review emphasizes the dual role of stress response pathways in cancer and suggests the integrative understanding as a basis for the development of rational therapy targeting the stress response.
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52
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Das K, Beyene BB, Datta A, Garribba E, Roma-Rodrigues C, Silva A, Fernandes AR, Hung CH. EPR and electrochemical interpretation of bispyrazolylacetate anchored Ni(ii) and Mn(ii) complexes: cytotoxicity and anti-proliferative activity towards human cancer cell lines. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj01033a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The cytotoxicity and antiproliferative activity are carried out along with EPR and redox interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuheli Das
- Institute of Chemistry
- Academia Sinica
- Nankang
- Taipei – 115
- Taiwan
| | | | - Amitabha Datta
- Institute of Chemistry
- Academia Sinica
- Nankang
- Taipei – 115
- Taiwan
| | - Eugenio Garribba
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia
- Università di Sassari
- I-07100 Sassari
- Italy
| | | | - Ana Silva
- UCIBIO
- DCV
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia
- Universidade Nova de Lisboa
- 2829-516 Caparica
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53
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Precision Targeting of Tumor Macrophages with a CD206 Binding Peptide. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14655. [PMID: 29116108 PMCID: PMC5676682 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14709-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) expressing the multi-ligand endocytic receptor mannose receptor (CD206/MRC1) contribute to tumor immunosuppression, angiogenesis, metastasis, and relapse. Here, we describe a peptide that selectively targets MRC1-expressing TAMs (MEMs). We performed in vivo peptide phage display screens in mice bearing 4T1 metastatic breast tumors to identify peptides that target peritoneal macrophages. Deep sequencing of the peptide-encoding inserts in the selected phage pool revealed enrichment of the peptide CSPGAKVRC (codenamed “UNO”). Intravenously injected FAM-labeled UNO (FAM-UNO) homed to tumor and sentinel lymph node MEMs in different cancer models: 4T1 and MCF-7 breast carcinoma, B16F10 melanoma, WT-GBM glioma and MKN45-P gastric carcinoma. Fluorescence anisotropy assay showed that FAM-UNO interacts with recombinant CD206 when subjected to reducing conditions. Interestingly, the GSPGAK motif is present in all CD206-binding collagens. FAM-UNO was able to transport drug-loaded nanoparticles into MEMs, whereas particles without the peptide were not taken up by MEMs. In ex vivo organ imaging, FAM-UNO showed significantly higher accumulation in sentinel lymph nodes than a control peptide. This study suggests applications for UNO peptide in diagnostic imaging and therapeutic targeting of MEMs in solid tumors.
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54
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Cancer Metabolism and Tumor Heterogeneity: Imaging Perspectives Using MR Imaging and Spectroscopy. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2017; 2017:6053879. [PMID: 29114178 PMCID: PMC5654284 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6053879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells reprogram their metabolism to maintain viability via genetic mutations and epigenetic alterations, expressing overall dynamic heterogeneity. The complex relaxation mechanisms of nuclear spins provide unique and convertible tissue contrasts, making magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) pertinent imaging tools in both clinics and research. In this review, we summarized MR methods that visualize tumor characteristics and its metabolic phenotypes on an anatomical, microvascular, microstructural, microenvironmental, and metabolomics scale. The review will progress from the utilities of basic spin-relaxation contrasts in cancer imaging to more advanced imaging methods that measure tumor-distinctive parameters such as perfusion, water diffusion, magnetic susceptibility, oxygenation, acidosis, redox state, and cell death. Analytical methods to assess tumor heterogeneity are also reviewed in brief. Although the clinical utility of tumor heterogeneity from imaging is debatable, the quantification of tumor heterogeneity using functional and metabolic MR images with development of robust analytical methods and improved MR methods may offer more critical roles of tumor heterogeneity data in clinics. MRI/MRS can also provide insightful information on pharmacometabolomics, biomarker discovery, disease diagnosis and prognosis, and treatment response. With these future directions in mind, we anticipate the widespread utilization of these MR-based techniques in studying in vivo cancer biology to better address significant clinical needs.
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55
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Jackson LE, Kulkarni S, Wang H, Lu J, Dolezal JM, Bharathi SS, Ranganathan S, Patel MS, Deshpande R, Alencastro F, Wendell SG, Goetzman ES, Duncan AW, Prochownik EV. Genetic Dissociation of Glycolysis and the TCA Cycle Affects Neither Normal nor Neoplastic Proliferation. Cancer Res 2017; 77:5795-5807. [PMID: 28883002 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-1325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Rapidly proliferating cells increase glycolysis at the expense of oxidative phosphorylation (oxphos) to generate sufficient levels of glycolytic intermediates for use as anabolic substrates. The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) is a critical mitochondrial enzyme that catalyzes pyruvate's conversion to acetyl coenzyme A (AcCoA), thereby connecting these two pathways in response to complex energetic, enzymatic, and metabolic cues. Here we utilized a mouse model of hepatocyte-specific PDC inactivation to determine the need for this metabolic link during normal hepatocyte regeneration and malignant transformation. In PDC "knockout" (KO) animals, the long-term regenerative potential of hepatocytes was unimpaired, and growth of aggressive experimental hepatoblastomas was only modestly slowed in the face of 80%-90% reductions in AcCoA and significant alterations in the levels of key tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates and amino acids. Overall, oxphos activity in KO livers and hepatoblastoma was comparable with that of control counterparts, with evidence that metabolic substrate abnormalities were compensated for by increased mitochondrial mass. These findings demonstrate that the biochemical link between glycolysis and the TCA cycle can be completely severed without affecting normal or neoplastic proliferation, even under the most demanding circumstances. Cancer Res; 77(21); 5795-807. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Jackson
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of The University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Sucheta Kulkarni
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of The University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Huabo Wang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of The University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jie Lu
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of The University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - James M Dolezal
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of The University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Sivakama S Bharathi
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of The University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Sarangarajan Ranganathan
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of The University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Mulchand S Patel
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York
| | - Rahul Deshpande
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Frances Alencastro
- Department of Pathology, The McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine and The Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, The University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Stacy G Wendell
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Eric S Goetzman
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of The University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Andrew W Duncan
- Department of Pathology, The McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine and The Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, The University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Edward V Prochownik
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of The University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. .,Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,The University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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56
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Colpo AC, de Lima ME, Maya-López M, Rosa H, Márquez-Curiel C, Galván-Arzate S, Santamaría A, Folmer V. Compounds from Ilex paraguariensis extracts have antioxidant effects in the brains of rats subjected to chronic immobilization stress. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2017; 42:1172-1178. [PMID: 28708964 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2017-0267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Immobilization induces oxidative damage to the brain. Ilex paraguariensis extracts (Mate) and their major natural compound, chlorogenic acid (CGA), exert protective effects against reactive oxygen species formation. Here, the effects of Mate and CGA on oxidative damage induced by chronic immobilization stress (CIS) in the cortex, hippocampus, and striatum were investigated. For CIS, animals were immobilized for 6 h every day for 21 consecutive days. Rats received Mate or CGA by intragastric gavage 30 min before every restraint session. Endpoints of oxidative stress (levels of lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation, and reduced (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG) forms of glutathione) were evaluated following CIS. While CIS increased oxidized lipid and carbonyl levels in all brain regions, CGA (and Mate to a lesser extent) attenuated lipid and protein oxidation as compared with control groups. GSH/GSSG balance showed a tendency to increase in all regions in response to stress and antioxidants. Taken together, our results support a protective role of dietary antioxidants against the neuronal consequences of stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C Colpo
- a Laboratorio de Aminoácidos Excitadores, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Mexico City 14269, Mexico.,b Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA), Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul 97500-970, Brazil
| | - Maria Eduarda de Lima
- a Laboratorio de Aminoácidos Excitadores, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Mexico City 14269, Mexico.,b Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA), Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul 97500-970, Brazil
| | - Marisol Maya-López
- a Laboratorio de Aminoácidos Excitadores, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Mexico City 14269, Mexico
| | - Hemerson Rosa
- b Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA), Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul 97500-970, Brazil
| | - Cristina Márquez-Curiel
- c Departamento de Neuroquímica, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Mexico City 14269, Mexico
| | - Sonia Galván-Arzate
- c Departamento de Neuroquímica, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Mexico City 14269, Mexico
| | - Abel Santamaría
- a Laboratorio de Aminoácidos Excitadores, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Mexico City 14269, Mexico
| | - Vanderlei Folmer
- b Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA), Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul 97500-970, Brazil
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57
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Balza E, Castellani P, Moreno PS, Piccioli P, Medraño-Fernandez I, Semino C, Rubartelli A. Restoring microenvironmental redox and pH homeostasis inhibits neoplastic cell growth and migration: therapeutic efficacy of esomeprazole plus sulfasalazine on 3-MCA-induced sarcoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:67482-67496. [PMID: 28978047 PMCID: PMC5620187 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Neoplastic cells live in a stressful context and survive thanks to their ability to overcome stress. Thus, tumor cell responses to stress are potential therapeutic targets. We selected two such responses in melanoma and sarcoma cells: the xc- antioxidant system, that opposes oxidative stress, and surface v-ATPases that counteract the low pHi by extruding protons, and targeted them with the xc- blocker sulfasalazine and the proton pump inhibitor esomeprazole. Sulfasalazine inhibited the cystine/cysteine redox cycle and esomeprazole decreased pHi while increasing pHe in tumor cell lines. Although the single treatment with either drug slightly inhibited cell proliferation and motility, the association of sulfasalazine and esomeprazole powerfully decreased sarcoma and melanoma growth and migration. In the 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MCA)-induced sarcoma model, the combined therapy strongly reduced the tumor burden and increased the survival time: notably, 22 % of double-treated mice recovered and survived off therapy. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) displaying M2 markers, that abundantly infiltrate sarcoma and melanoma, overexpress xc- and membrane v-ATPases and were drastically decreased in tumors from mice undergone the combined therapy. Thus, the double targeting of tumor cells and macrophages by sulfasalazine and esomeprazole has a double therapeutic effect, as decreasing TAM infiltration deprives tumor cells of a crucial allied. Sulfasalazine and esomeprazole may therefore display unexpected therapeutic values, especially in case of hard-to-treat cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrica Balza
- Cell Biology Unit, IRCCS AOU San Martino - IST, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Paola Sanchez Moreno
- Cell Biology Unit, IRCCS AOU San Martino - IST, 16132 Genoa, Italy.,Present address: Nanobiointeractions and Nanodiagnostics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Iria Medraño-Fernandez
- Protein Transport Unit, Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, San Raffaele Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Semino
- Protein Transport Unit, Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, San Raffaele Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Rubartelli
- Cell Biology Unit, IRCCS AOU San Martino - IST, 16132 Genoa, Italy
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58
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Ashrafi K, Heaysman CL, Phillips GJ, Lloyd AW, Lewis AL. Towards Hypoxia-responsive Drug-eluting Embolization Beads. Int J Pharm 2017; 524:226-237. [PMID: 28373099 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.03.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Drug release from chemoembolization microspheres stimulated by the presence of a chemically reducing environment may provide benefits for targeting drug resistant and metastatic hypoxic tumours. A water-soluble disulfide-based bifunctional cross-linker bis(acryloyl)-(l)-cystine (BALC) was synthesised, characterised and incorporated into a modified poly(vinyl) alcohol (PVA) hydrogel beads at varying concentrations using reverse suspension polymerisation. The beads were characterised to confirm the amount of cross-linker within each formulation and its effects on the bead properties. Elemental and UV/visible spectroscopic analysis confirmed the incorporation of BALC within the beads and sizing studies showed that in the presence of a reducing agent, all bead formulations increased in mean diameter. The BALC beads could be loaded with doxorubicin hydrochloride and amounts in excess of 300mg of drug per mL of hydrated beads could be achieved but required conversion of the carboxylic acid groups of the BALC to their sodium carboxylate salt forms. Elution of doxorubicin from the beads demonstrated a controlled release via ionic exchange. Some formulations exhibited an increase in size and release of drug in the presence of a reducing agent, and therefore demonstrated the ability to respond to an in vitro reducing environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koorosh Ashrafi
- School of Pharmacy & Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Moulsecoomb, Brighton BN2 4GJ, United Kingdom; Biocompatibles UK Ltd, A BTG International Group Company, Lakeview, Riverside Way, Watchmoor Park, Camberley, GU15 3YL, United Kingdom
| | - Clare L Heaysman
- Biocompatibles UK Ltd, A BTG International Group Company, Lakeview, Riverside Way, Watchmoor Park, Camberley, GU15 3YL, United Kingdom
| | - Gary J Phillips
- School of Pharmacy & Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Moulsecoomb, Brighton BN2 4GJ, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew W Lloyd
- School of Pharmacy & Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Moulsecoomb, Brighton BN2 4GJ, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew L Lewis
- Biocompatibles UK Ltd, A BTG International Group Company, Lakeview, Riverside Way, Watchmoor Park, Camberley, GU15 3YL, United Kingdom.
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59
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Khramtsov VV, Bobko AA, Tseytlin M, Driesschaert B. Exchange Phenomena in the Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectra of the Nitroxyl and Trityl Radicals: Multifunctional Spectroscopy and Imaging of Local Chemical Microenvironment. Anal Chem 2017; 89:4758-4771. [PMID: 28363027 PMCID: PMC5513151 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b03796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This Feature overviews the basic principles of using stable organic radicals involved in reversible exchange processes as functional paramagnetic probes. We demonstrate that these probes in combination with electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR)-based spectroscopy and imaging techniques provide analytical tools for quantitative mapping of critical parameters of local chemical microenvironment. The Feature is written to be understandable to people who are laymen to the EPR field in anticipation of future progress and broad application of these tools in biological systems, especially in vivo, over the next years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valery V. Khramtsov
- In Vivo Multifunctional Magnetic Resonance center, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Andrey A. Bobko
- In Vivo Multifunctional Magnetic Resonance center, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Mark Tseytlin
- In Vivo Multifunctional Magnetic Resonance center, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Benoit Driesschaert
- In Vivo Multifunctional Magnetic Resonance center, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
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60
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Interstitial Inorganic Phosphate as a Tumor Microenvironment Marker for Tumor Progression. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41233. [PMID: 28117423 PMCID: PMC5259743 DOI: 10.1038/srep41233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Noninvasive in vivo assessment of chemical tumor microenvironment (TME) parameters such as oxygen (pO2), extracellular acidosis (pHe), and concentration of interstitial inorganic phosphate (Pi) may provide unique insights into biological processes in solid tumors. In this work, we employ a recently developed multifunctional trityl paramagnetic probe and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) technique for in vivo concurrent assessment of these TME parameters in various mouse models of cancer. While the data support the existence of hypoxic and acidic regions in TME, the most dramatic differences, about 2-fold higher concentrations in tumors vs. normal tissues, were observed for interstitial Pi - the only parameter that also allowed for discrimination between non-metastatic and highly metastatic tumors. Correlation analysis between [Pi], pO2, pHe and tumor volumes reveal an association of high [Pi] with changes in tumor metabolism and supports different mechanisms of protons and Pi accumulation in TME. Our data identifies interstitial inorganic phosphate as a new TME marker for tumor progression. Pi association with tumor metabolism, buffer-mediated proton transport, and a requirement of high phosphorus content for the rapid growth in the “growth rate hypothesis” may underline its potential role in tumorigenesis and tumor progression.
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61
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Bobko AA, Evans J, Denko NC, Khramtsov VV. Concurrent Longitudinal EPR Monitoring of Tissue Oxygenation, Acidosis, and Reducing Capacity in Mouse Xenograft Tumor Models. Cell Biochem Biophys 2016; 75:247-253. [PMID: 27193607 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-016-0733-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Tissue oxygenation, extracellular acidity, and tissue reducing capacity are among crucial parameters of tumor microenvironment (TME) of significant importance for tumor pathophysiology. In this paper, we demonstrate the complementary application of particulate lithium octa-n-butoxy-naphthalocyanine and soluble nitroxide paramagnetic probes for monitoring of these TME parameters using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) technique. Two different types of therapeutic interventions were studied: hypothermia and systemic administration of metabolically active drug. In summary, the results demonstrate the utility of EPR technique for non-invasive concurrent longitudinal monitoring of physiologically relevant chemical parameters of TME in mouse xenograft tumor models, including that under therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey A Bobko
- In Vivo Multifunctional Magnetic Resonance Center, Robert C. Byrd Health Science Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Jason Evans
- The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Nicholas C Denko
- The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Valery V Khramtsov
- In Vivo Multifunctional Magnetic Resonance Center, Robert C. Byrd Health Science Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA.
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62
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Driesschaert B, Bobko AA, Eubank TD, Samouilov A, Khramtsov VV, Zweier JL. Poly-arginine conjugated triarylmethyl radical as intracellular spin label. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:1742-4. [PMID: 26923698 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.02.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Stable triarylmethyl radicals are ideal spin labels used for biomedical electron paramagnetic resonance applications. Previously reported structures exhibit polar charged functions for water solubilization preventing them from crossing the cell membrane. We report the synthesis of a triarylmethyl radical conjugated to poly-arginine peptide allowing intracellular delivery of the paramagnetic label.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Driesschaert
- In Vivo Multifunctional Magnetic Resonance Center, Robert C. Byrd Health Science Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, United States; Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26506, United States
| | - Andrey A Bobko
- In Vivo Multifunctional Magnetic Resonance Center, Robert C. Byrd Health Science Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, United States; Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26506, United States
| | - Timothy D Eubank
- In Vivo Multifunctional Magnetic Resonance Center, Robert C. Byrd Health Science Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, United States; Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26506, United States
| | - Alexandre Samouilov
- Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University/Wexner Medical Center, 460 West 12th Avenue, BRT 0390, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Valery V Khramtsov
- In Vivo Multifunctional Magnetic Resonance Center, Robert C. Byrd Health Science Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, United States; Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26506, United States
| | - Jay L Zweier
- Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University/Wexner Medical Center, 460 West 12th Avenue, BRT 0390, Columbus, OH 43210, United States.
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63
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Hickman JA, Graeser R, de Hoogt R, Vidic S, Brito C, Gutekunst M, van der Kuip H. Three-dimensional models of cancer for pharmacology and cancer cell biology: capturing tumor complexity in vitro/ex vivo. Biotechnol J 2015; 9:1115-28. [PMID: 25174503 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201300492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 259] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Revised: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancers are complex and heterogeneous pathological "organs" in a dynamic interplay with their host. Models of human cancer in vitro, used in cancer biology and drug discovery, are generally highly reductionist. These cancer models do not incorporate complexity or heterogeneity. This raises the question as to whether the cancer models' biochemical circuitry (not their genome) represents, with sufficient fidelity, a tumor in situ. Around 95% of new anticancer drugs eventually fail in clinical trial, despite robust indications of activity in existing in vitro pre-clinical models. Innovative models are required that better capture tumor biology. An important feature of all tissues, and tumors, is that cells grow in three dimensions. Advances in generating and characterizing simple and complex (with added stromal components) three-dimensional in vitro models (3D models) are reviewed in this article. The application of stirred bioreactors to permit both scale-up/scale-down of these cancer models and, importantly, methods to permit controlled changes in environment (pH, nutrients, and oxygen) are also described. The challenges of generating thin tumor slices, their utility, and potential advantages and disadvantages are discussed. These in vitro/ex vivo models represent a distinct move to capture the realities of tumor biology in situ, but significant characterization work still remains to be done in order to show that their biochemical circuitry accurately reflects that of a tumor.
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64
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Chen D, Bobko AA, Gross AC, Evans R, Marsh CB, Khramtsov VV, Eubank TD, Friedman A. Involvement of tumor macrophage HIFs in chemotherapy effectiveness: mathematical modeling of oxygen, pH, and glutathione. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107511. [PMID: 25295611 PMCID: PMC4189793 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The four variables, hypoxia, acidity, high glutathione (GSH) concentration and fast reducing rate (redox) are distinct and varied characteristics of solid tumors compared to normal tissue. These parameters are among the most significant factors underlying the metabolism and physiology of solid tumors, regardless of their type or origin. Low oxygen tension contributes to both inhibition of cancer cell proliferation and therapeutic resistance of tumors; low extracellular pH, the reverse of normal cells, mainly enhances tumor invasion; and dysregulated GSH and redox potential within cancer cells favor their proliferation. In fact, cancer cells under these microenvironmental conditions appreciably alter tumor response to cytotoxic anti-cancer treatments. Recent experiments measured the in vivo longitudinal data of these four parameters with tumor development and the corresponding presence and absence of tumor macrophage HIF-1α or HIF-2α in a mouse model of breast cancer. In the current paper, we present a mathematical model-based system of (ordinary and partial) differential equations to monitor tumor growth and susceptibility to standard chemotherapy with oxygen level, pH, and intracellular GSH concentration. We first show that our model simulations agree with the corresponding experiments, and then we use our model to suggest treatments of tumors by altering these four parameters in tumor microenvironment. For example, the model qualitatively predicts that GSH depletion can raise the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) above a toxic threshold and result in inhibition of tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duan Chen
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Andrey A. Bobko
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Amy C. Gross
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Randall Evans
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Clay B. Marsh
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Valery V. Khramtsov
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Timothy D. Eubank
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Avner Friedman
- Mathematical Biosciences Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Mathematics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
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65
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Abstract
The objective of most modern drug delivery strategies is to maximize the effectiveness of drug molecules at diseased tissue and to minimize their effects in healthy ones. This is most often achieved using (bio-)synthetic carrier systems that release the drug at the target location. One emerging strategy to achieve this is to destabilize carriers and release therapeutics using natural redox gradients in the body or associated with disease. The body, however, is composed of numerous microenvironments whose redox homeostasis, as well as its dysregulation due to disease, is complex. The original article and authoritative reviews that constitute this Forum discuss some of the particular redox features associated with diseases and present an overview of how, chemically, redox-responsive drug delivery carriers can be designed to respond to these opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc A Gauthier
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), EMT Research Center , Varennes, Quebec, Canada
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66
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Kwee JK. A paradoxical chemoresistance and tumor suppressive role of antioxidant in solid cancer cells: a strange case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:209845. [PMID: 24800215 PMCID: PMC3996321 DOI: 10.1155/2014/209845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Revised: 03/16/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Modulation of intracellular antioxidant concentration is a double-edged sword, with both sides exploited for potential therapeutic benefits. While antioxidants may hamper the efficacy of chemotherapy by scavenging reactive oxygen species and free radicals, it is also possible that antioxidants alleviate unwanted chemotherapy-induced toxicity, thus allowing for increased chemotherapy doses. Under normoxic environment, antioxidants neutralize toxic oxidants, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS), maintaining them within narrow boundaries level. This redox balance is achieved by various scavenging systems such as enzymatic system (e.g., superoxide dismutases, catalase, and peroxiredoxins), nonenzymatic systems (e.g., glutathione, cysteine, and thioredoxin), and metal-binding proteins (e.g., ferritin, metallothionein, and ceruloplasmin) that sequester prooxidant metals inhibiting their participation in redox reactions. On the other hand, therapeutic strategies that promote oxidative stress and eventually tumor cells apoptosis have been explored based on availability of chemotherapy agents that inhibit ROS-scavenging systems. These contradictory assertions suggest that antioxidant supplementation during chemotherapy treatment can have varied outcomes depending on the tumor cellular context. Therefore, understanding the antioxidant-driven molecular pathways might be crucial to design new therapeutic strategies to fight cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolie Kiemlian Kwee
- Coordenação de Pesquisa, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rua André Cavalcante 37, 20231-050, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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