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Tethered TGF-β1 in a Hyaluronic Acid-Based Bioink for Bioprinting Cartilaginous Tissues. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020924. [PMID: 35055112 PMCID: PMC8781121 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In 3D bioprinting for cartilage regeneration, bioinks that support chondrogenic development are of key importance. Growth factors covalently bound in non-printable hydrogels have been shown to effectively promote chondrogenesis. However, studies that investigate the functionality of tethered growth factors within 3D printable bioinks are still lacking. Therefore, in this study, we established a dual-stage crosslinked hyaluronic acid-based bioink that enabled covalent tethering of transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1). Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) were cultured over three weeks in vitro, and chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs within bioink constructs with tethered TGF-β1 was markedly enhanced, as compared to constructs with non-covalently incorporated TGF-β1. This was substantiated with regard to early TGF-β1 signaling, chondrogenic gene expression, qualitative and quantitative ECM deposition and distribution, and resulting construct stiffness. Furthermore, it was successfully demonstrated, in a comparative analysis of cast and printed bioinks, that covalently tethered TGF-β1 maintained its functionality after 3D printing. Taken together, the presented ink composition enabled the generation of high-quality cartilaginous tissues without the need for continuous exogenous growth factor supply and, thus, bears great potential for future investigation towards cartilage regeneration. Furthermore, growth factor tethering within bioinks, potentially leading to superior tissue development, may also be explored for other biofabrication applications.
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52
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Wei SY, Chen TH, Kao FS, Hsu YJ, Chen YC. Strategy for improving cell-mediated vascularized soft tissue formation in a hydrogen peroxide-triggered chemically-crosslinked hydrogel. J Tissue Eng 2022; 13:20417314221084096. [PMID: 35296029 PMCID: PMC8918759 DOI: 10.1177/20417314221084096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The physically-crosslinked collagen hydrogels can provide suitable microenvironments for cell-based functional vascular network formation due to their biodegradability, biocompatibility, and good diffusion properties. However, encapsulation of cells into collagen hydrogels results in extensive contraction and rapid degradation of hydrogels, an effect known from their utilization as a pre-vascularized graft in vivo. Various types of chemically-crosslinked collagen-based hydrogels have been successfully synthesized to decrease volume contraction, retard the degradation rate, and increase mechanical tunability. However, these hydrogels failed to form vascularized tissues with uniformly distributed microvessels in vivo. Here, the enzymatically chemically-crosslinked collagen-Phenolic hydrogel was used as a model to determine and overcome the difficulties in engineering vascular networks. Results showed that a longer duration of inflammation and excessive levels of hydrogen peroxide limited the capability for blood vessel forming cells-mediated vasculature formation in vivo. Lowering the unreacted amount of crosslinkers reduced the densities of infiltrating host myeloid cells by half on days 2-4 after implantation, but blood vessels remained at low density and were mainly located on the edge of the implanted constructs. Co-implantation of a designed spacer with cell-laden hydrogel maintained the structural integrity of the hydrogel and increased the degree of hypoxia in embedded cells. These effects resulted in a two-fold increase in the density of perfused blood vessels in the hydrogel. Results agreed with computer-based simulations. Collectively, our findings suggest that simultaneous reduction of the crosslinker-induced host immune response and increase in hypoxia in hydrogen peroxide-triggered chemically-crosslinked hydrogels can effectively improve the formation of cell-mediated functional vascular networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Yen Wei
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Hsuan Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Sheng Kao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jung Hsu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chieh Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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53
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Boodaghi M, Libring S, Solorio L, Ardekani AM. A Bayesian approach to estimate the diffusion coefficient of Rhodamine 6G in breast cancer spheroids. J Control Release 2021; 340:60-71. [PMID: 34634388 PMCID: PMC8671317 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Multicellular spheroids have emerged as a robust platform to model tumor growth and are widely used for studying drug sensitivity. Diffusion is the main mechanism for transporting nutrients and chemotherapeutic drugs into spheroids, since they are typically avascular. In this study, the Bayesian inference was used to solve the inverse problem of determining the light attenuation coefficient and diffusion coefficient of Rhodamine 6G (R6G) in breast cancer spheroids, as a mock drug for the tyrosine kinase inhibitor, Neratinib. Four types of breast cancer spheroids were formed and the diffusion coefficient was estimated assuming a linear relationship between the intensity and concentration. The mathematical model used for prediction is the solution to the diffusion problem in spherical coordinates, accounting for the light attenuation. The Gaussian likelihood was used to account for the error between the measurements and model predictions. The Markov Chain Monte Carlo algorithm (MCMC) was used to sample from the posterior. The posterior predictions for the diffusion and light attenuation coefficients were provided. The results indicate that the diffusion coefficient values do not significantly vary across a HER2+ breast cancer cell line as a function of transglutaminase 2 levels, even in the presence of fibroblast cells. However, we demonstrate that different diffusion coefficient values can be ascertained from tumorigenic compared to nontumorigenic spheroids and from nonmetastatic compared to post-metastatic breast cancer cells using this approach. We also report agreement between spheroid radius, attenuation coefficient, and subsequent diffusion coefficient to give evidence of cell packing in self-assembled spheroids. The methodology presented here will allow researchers to determine diffusion in spheroids to decouple transport and drug penetration changes from biological resistivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miad Boodaghi
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, 585 Purdue Mall, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Sarah Libring
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Luis Solorio
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Arezoo M Ardekani
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, 585 Purdue Mall, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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54
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Thorp H, Kim K, Bou-Ghannam S, Kondo M, Maak T, Grainger DW, Okano T. Enhancing chondrogenic potential via mesenchymal stem cell sheet multilayering. Regen Ther 2021; 18:487-496. [PMID: 34926734 PMCID: PMC8645782 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2021.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced tissue engineering approaches for direct articular cartilage replacement in vivo employ mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) sources, exploiting innate chondrogenic potential to fabricate hyaline-like constructs in vitro within three-dimensional (3D) culture conditions. Cell sheet technology represents one such advanced 3D scaffold-free cell culture platform, and previous work has shown that 3D MSC sheets are capable of in vitro hyaline-like chondrogenic differentiation. The present study aims to build upon this understanding and elucidate the effects of an established cell sheet manipulation technique, cell sheet multilayering, on fabrication of MSC-derived hyaline-like cartilage 3D layered constructs in vitro. To achieve this goal, multilayered MSC sheets are prepared and assessed for structural and biochemical transitions throughout chondrogenesis. Results support MSC multilayering as a means of increasing construct thickness and 3D cellular interactions related to in vitro chondrogenesis, including N-cadherin, connexin 43, and integrin β-1. Data indicate that increasing construct thickness from 14 μm (1-layer construct) to 25 μm (2-layer construct) increases these cellular interactions and subsequent in vitro MSC chondrogenesis. However, a clear initial thickness threshold (33 μm - 3-layer construct) is evident that decreases the rate and extent of in vitro chondrogenesis, specifically chondrogenic gene expressions (Sox9, aggrecan, type II collagen) and sulfated proteoglycan accumulation in deposited extracellular matrix (ECM). Together, these data support the utility of cell sheet multilayering as a platform for tailoring construct thickness and subsequent MSC chondrogenesis for future articular cartilage regeneration applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hallie Thorp
- Cell Sheet Tissue Engineering Center (CSTEC), Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Kyungsook Kim
- Cell Sheet Tissue Engineering Center (CSTEC), Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Sophia Bou-Ghannam
- Cell Sheet Tissue Engineering Center (CSTEC), Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Makoto Kondo
- Cell Sheet Tissue Engineering Center (CSTEC), Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Travis Maak
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - David W. Grainger
- Cell Sheet Tissue Engineering Center (CSTEC), Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Teruo Okano
- Cell Sheet Tissue Engineering Center (CSTEC), Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University, TWIns, Japan
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55
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Liang W, Dong Y, Shen H, Shao R, Wu X, Huang X, Sun B, Zeng B, Zhang S, Xu F. Materials science and design principles of therapeutic materials in orthopedic and bone tissue engineering. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenqing Liang
- Department of Orthopedics Zhoushan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University Zhoushan China
| | - Yongqiang Dong
- Department of Orthopedics Xinchang People's Hospital Shaoxing China
| | - Hailiang Shen
- Department of Orthopedics Affiliated Hospital of Shaoxing University Shaoxing China
| | - Ruyi Shao
- Department of Orthopedics Zhuji People's Hospital Shaoxing China
| | - Xudong Wu
- Department of Orthopedics Zhoushan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University Zhoushan China
| | - Xiaogang Huang
- Department of Orthopedics Zhoushan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University Zhoushan China
| | - Bin Sun
- Department of Orthopedics Zhoushan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University Zhoushan China
| | - Bin Zeng
- Department of Orthopedics Zhoushan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University Zhoushan China
| | - Songou Zhang
- College of Medicine Shaoxing University Shaoxing China
| | - Fangming Xu
- Department of Orthopedics Zhoushan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University Zhoushan China
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56
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Shalash W, Ahrens SR, Bardonova LA, Byvaltsev VA, Giers MB. Patient-specific apparent diffusion maps used to model nutrient availability in degenerated intervertebral discs. JOR Spine 2021; 4:e1179. [PMID: 35005445 PMCID: PMC8717112 DOI: 10.1002/jsp2.1179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In this study, magnetic resonance imaging data was used to (1) model IVD-specific gradients of glucose, oxygen, lactate, and pH; and (2) investigate possible effects of covariate factors (i.e., disc geometry, and mean apparent diffusion coefficient values) on the IVD's microenvironment. Mathematical modeling of the patient's specific IVD microenvironment could be important when selecting patients for stem cell therapy due to the increased nutrient demand created by that treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS Disc geometry and water diffusion coefficients were extracted from MRIs of 37 patients using sagittal T1-weighted images, T2-weighted images, and ADC Maps. A 2-D steady state finite element mathematical model was developed in COMSOL Multiphysics® 5.4 to compute concentration maps of glucose, oxygen, lactate and pH. RESULTS Concentration of nutrients (i.e., glucose, and oxygen) dropped with increasing distance from the cartilaginous endplates (CEP), whereas acidity levels increased. Most discs experienced poor nutrient levels along with high acidity values in the inner annulus fibrosus (AF). The disc's physiological microenvironment became more deficient as degeneration progressed. For example, minimum glucose concentration in grade 4 dropped by 31.1% compared to grade 3 (p < 0.0001). The model further suggested a strong effect of the following parameters: disc size, AF and CEP diffusivities, metabolic reactions, and cell density on solute concentrations in the disc (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The significance of this work implies that the individual morphology and physiological conditions of each disc, even among discs of the same Pfirrmann grade, should be evaluated when modeling IVD solute concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ward Shalash
- School of Chemical, Biological and Environmental EngineeringOregon State UniversityCorvallisOregonUSA
| | - Sonia R. Ahrens
- School of Chemical, Biological and Environmental EngineeringOregon State UniversityCorvallisOregonUSA
| | - Liudmila A. Bardonova
- School of Chemical, Biological and Environmental EngineeringOregon State UniversityCorvallisOregonUSA
- Irkutsk State Medical UniversityIrkutskRussia
| | - Vadim A. Byvaltsev
- Irkutsk State Medical UniversityIrkutskRussia
- Railway Clinical Hospital at the Irkutsk‐Passazhirsky StationIrkutskRussia
| | - Morgan B. Giers
- School of Chemical, Biological and Environmental EngineeringOregon State UniversityCorvallisOregonUSA
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57
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Dudman J, Ferreira AM, Gentile P, Wang X, Dalgarno K. Microvalve Bioprinting of MSC-Chondrocyte Co-Cultures. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123329. [PMID: 34943837 PMCID: PMC8699323 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent improvements within the fields of high-throughput screening and 3D tissue culture have provided the possibility of developing in vitro micro-tissue models that can be used to study diseases and screen potential new therapies. This paper reports a proof-of-concept study on the use of microvalve-based bioprinting to create laminar MSC-chondrocyte co-cultures to investigate whether the use of MSCs in ACI procedures would stimulate enhanced ECM production by chondrocytes. Microvalve-based bioprinting uses small-scale solenoid valves (microvalves) to deposit cells suspended in media in a consistent and repeatable manner. In this case, MSCs and chondrocytes have been sequentially printed into an insert-based transwell system in order to create a laminar co-culture, with variations in the ratios of the cell types used to investigate the potential for MSCs to stimulate ECM production. Histological and indirect immunofluorescence staining revealed the formation of dense tissue structures within the chondrocyte and MSC-chondrocyte cell co-cultures, alongside the establishment of a proliferative region at the base of the tissue. No stimulatory or inhibitory effect in terms of ECM production was observed through the introduction of MSCs, although the potential for an immunomodulatory benefit remains. This study, therefore, provides a novel method to enable the scalable production of therapeutically relevant micro-tissue models that can be used for in vitro research to optimise ACI procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Dudman
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE3 1PS, UK; (J.D.); (A.M.F.); (P.G.)
| | - Ana Marina Ferreira
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE3 1PS, UK; (J.D.); (A.M.F.); (P.G.)
| | - Piergiorgio Gentile
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE3 1PS, UK; (J.D.); (A.M.F.); (P.G.)
| | - Xiao Wang
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK;
| | - Kenneth Dalgarno
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE3 1PS, UK; (J.D.); (A.M.F.); (P.G.)
- Correspondence:
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58
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Viola M, Piluso S, Groll J, Vermonden T, Malda J, Castilho M. The Importance of Interfaces in Multi-Material Biofabricated Tissue Structures. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2101021. [PMID: 34510824 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202101021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Biofabrication exploits additive manufacturing techniques for creating 3D structures with a precise geometry that aim to mimic a physiological cellular environment and to develop the growth of native tissues. The most recent approaches of 3D biofabrication integrate multiple technologies into a single biofabrication platform combining different materials within different length scales to achieve improved construct functionality. However, the importance of interfaces between the different material phases, has not been adequately explored. This is known to determine material's interaction and ultimately mechanical and biological performance of biofabricated parts. In this review, this gap is bridged by critically examining the interface between different material phases in (bio)fabricated structures, with a particular focus on how interfacial interactions can compromise or define the mechanical (and biological) properties of the engineered structures. It is believed that the importance of interfacial properties between the different constituents of a composite material, deserves particular attention in its role in modulating the final characteristics of 3D tissue-like structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Viola
- Department of Orthopeadics University Medical Center Heidelberglaan 100 Utrecht 3508 GA The Netherlands
- Department of Pharmaceutics Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS) Faculty of Science Utrecht University Utrecht 3508 TB The Netherlands
| | - Susanna Piluso
- Department of Orthopeadics University Medical Center Heidelberglaan 100 Utrecht 3508 GA The Netherlands
| | - Jürgen Groll
- Department of Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry at the Institute of Functional Materials and Biofabrication and Bavarian Polymer Institute University of Würzburg Pleicherwall 2 D‐97070 Wurzburg Germany
| | - Tina Vermonden
- Department of Pharmaceutics Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS) Faculty of Science Utrecht University Utrecht 3508 TB The Netherlands
| | - Jos Malda
- Department of Orthopeadics University Medical Center Heidelberglaan 100 Utrecht 3508 GA The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Sciences Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Utrecht University Yalelaan 1 Utrecht 3584 CL The Netherlands
| | - Miguel Castilho
- Department of Orthopeadics University Medical Center Heidelberglaan 100 Utrecht 3508 GA The Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Eindhoven University of Technology De Zaale Eindhoven 5600 MB The Netherlands
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Farzin A, Hassan S, Teixeira LSM, Gurian M, Crispim JF, Manhas V, Carlier A, Bae H, Geris L, Noshadi I, Shin SR, Leijten J. Self-Oxygenation of Tissues Orchestrates Full-Thickness Vascularization of Living Implants. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2021; 31:2100850. [PMID: 34924912 PMCID: PMC8680410 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202100850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Bioengineering of tissues and organs has the potential to generate functional replacement organs. However, achieving the full-thickness vascularization that is required for long-term survival of living implants has remained a grand challenge, especially for clinically sized implants. During the pre-vascular phase, implanted engineered tissues are forced to metabolically rely on the diffusion of nutrients from adjacent host-tissue, which for larger living implants results in anoxia, cell death, and ultimately implant failure. Here it is reported that this challenge can be addressed by engineering self-oxygenating tissues, which is achieved via the incorporation of hydrophobic oxygen-generating micromaterials into engineered tissues. Self-oxygenation of tissues transforms anoxic stresses into hypoxic stimulation in a homogenous and tissue size-independent manner. The in situ elevation of oxygen tension enables the sustained production of high quantities of angiogenic factors by implanted cells, which are offered a metabolically protected pro-angiogenic microenvironment. Numerical simulations predict that self-oxygenation of living tissues will effectively orchestrate rapid full-thickness vascularization of implanted tissues, which is empirically confirmed via in vivo experimentation. Self-oxygenation of tissues thus represents a novel, effective, and widely applicable strategy to enable the vascularization living implants, which is expected to advance organ transplantation and regenerative medicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Farzin
- Division of Engineering in Medicine Department of Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Shabir Hassan
- Division of Engineering in Medicine Department of Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Liliana S Moreira Teixeira
- Department of Developmental BioEngineering Technical Medical Centre University of Twente Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Melvin Gurian
- Department of Developmental BioEngineering Technical Medical Centre University of Twente Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - João F Crispim
- Department of Developmental BioEngineering Technical Medical CentreUniversity of Twente Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Varun Manhas
- Biomechanics Research Unit GIGA In Silico Medicine University of Liège Chemin des Chevreuils 1, B52/3, Liège 4000, Belgium
| | - Aurélie Carlier
- Laboratory for Cell Biology-Inspired Tissue Engineering MERLN Institute University of Maastricht Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Hojae Bae
- KU Convergence Science and Technology Institute Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology Konkuk University Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Liesbet Geris
- Biomechanics Research Unit GIGA In Silico Medicine University of Liège Chemin des Chevreuils 1, B52/3, Liège 4000, Belgium
| | - Iman Noshadi
- Department of Bioengineering University of California Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Su Ryon Shin
- Division of Engineering in Medicine Department of Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jeroen Leijten
- Division of Engineering in Medicine Department of Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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Andreazzoli M, Barravecchia I, De Cesari C, Angeloni D, Demontis GC. Inducible Pluripotent Stem Cells to Model and Treat Inherited Degenerative Diseases of the Outer Retina: 3D-Organoids Limitations and Bioengineering Solutions. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092489. [PMID: 34572137 PMCID: PMC8471616 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inherited retinal degenerations (IRD) affecting either photoreceptors or pigment epithelial cells cause progressive visual loss and severe disability, up to complete blindness. Retinal organoids (ROs) technologies opened up the development of human inducible pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) for disease modeling and replacement therapies. However, hiPSC-derived ROs applications to IRD presently display limited maturation and functionality, with most photoreceptors lacking well-developed outer segments (OS) and light responsiveness comparable to their adult retinal counterparts. In this review, we address for the first time the microenvironment where OS mature, i.e., the subretinal space (SRS), and discuss SRS role in photoreceptors metabolic reprogramming required for OS generation. We also address bioengineering issues to improve culture systems proficiency to promote OS maturation in hiPSC-derived ROs. This issue is crucial, as satisfying the demanding metabolic needs of photoreceptors may unleash hiPSC-derived ROs full potential for disease modeling, drug development, and replacement therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ivana Barravecchia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
| | | | - Debora Angeloni
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Gian Carlo Demontis
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
- Correspondence: (M.A.); (G.C.D.)
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61
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Malik M, Yang Y, Fathi P, Mahler GJ, Esch MB. Critical Considerations for the Design of Multi-Organ Microphysiological Systems (MPS). Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:721338. [PMID: 34568333 PMCID: PMC8459628 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.721338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification and approval of new drugs for use in patients requires extensive preclinical studies and clinical trials. Preclinical studies rely on in vitro experiments and animal models of human diseases. The transferability of drug toxicity and efficacy estimates to humans from animal models is being called into question. Subsequent clinical studies often reveal lower than expected efficacy and higher drug toxicity in humans than that seen in animal models. Microphysiological systems (MPS), sometimes called organ or human-on-chip models, present a potential alternative to animal-based models used for drug toxicity screening. This review discusses multi-organ MPS that can be used to model diseases and test the efficacy and safety of drug candidates. The translation of an in vivo environment to an in vitro system requires physiologically relevant organ scaling, vascular dimensions, and appropriate flow rates. Even small changes in those parameters can alter the outcome of experiments conducted with MPS. With many MPS devices being developed, we have outlined some established standards for designing MPS devices and described techniques to validate the devices. A physiologically realistic mimic of the human body can help determine the dose response and toxicity effects of a new drug candidate with higher predictive power.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mridu Malik
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, United States
- Biophysical and Biomedical Measurement Group, Physical Measurement Laboratory, Microsystems and Nanotechnology Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, United States
| | - Yang Yang
- Biophysical and Biomedical Measurement Group, Physical Measurement Laboratory, Microsystems and Nanotechnology Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Parinaz Fathi
- Department of Bioengineering, Materials Science and Engineering, and Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States
| | - Gretchen J. Mahler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, United States
| | - Mandy B. Esch
- Biophysical and Biomedical Measurement Group, Physical Measurement Laboratory, Microsystems and Nanotechnology Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, United States
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Dynamic flow priming programs allow tuning up the cell layers properties for engineered vascular graft. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14666. [PMID: 34282200 PMCID: PMC8290030 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94023-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineered vascular grafts (TEVG) are potentially clear from ethical and epidemiological concerns sources for reconstructive surgery for small diameter blood vessels replacement. Here, we proposed a novel method to create three-layered TEVG on biocompatible glass fiber scaffolds starting from flat sheet state into tubular shape and to train the resulting tissue by our developed bioreactor system. Constructed tubular tissues were matured and trained under 3 types of individual flow programs, and their mechanical and biological properties were analyzed. Training in the bioreactor significantly increased the tissue burst pressure resistance (up to 18 kPa) comparing to untrained tissue. Fluorescent imaging and histological examination of trained vascular tissue revealed that each cell layer has its own individual response to training flow rates. Histological analysis suggested reverse relationship between tissue thickness and shear stress, and the thickness variation profiles were individual between all three types of cell layers. Concluding: a three-layered tissue structure similar to physiological can be assembled by seeding different cell types in succession; the following training of the formed tissue with increasing flow in a bioreactor is effective for promoting cell survival, improving pressure resistance, and cell layer formation of desired properties.
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63
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Oxygen Deficient (OD) Combustion and Metabolism: Allometric Laws of Organs and Kleiber’s Law from OD Metabolism? SYSTEMS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/systems9030054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The biology literature presents allometric relations for the specific metabolic rate (SMRk) of an organ k of mass mk within the body of mass mB: SMRk ∝ mBfk (body mass allometry, BMA). Wang et al. used BMA, summed-up energy from all organs and validated Kleiber’s law of the whole body: SMRM ∝ mBb’, b’ = −0.25. The issues raised in biology are: (i) why fk and b’ < 0, (ii) how do the organs adjust fk to yield b’? The current paper presents a “system” approach involving the field of oxygen deficient combustion (ODC) of a cloud of carbon particles and oxygen deficient metabolism (ODM), and provides partial answers by treating each vital organ as a cell cloud. The methodology yields the following: (i) a dimensionless “group” number GOD to indicate extent of ODM, (ii) SMRk of an organ in terms of the effectiveness factor; (iii) curve fitting of the effectiveness factor to yield the allometric exponents for the organ mass-based allometric laws (OMA); (iv) validation of the results with data from 111 biological species (BS) with mB ranging from 0.0075 to 6500 kg. The “hypoxic” condition at organ level, particularly for COVID-19 patients, and the onset of cancer and virus multiplication are interpreted in terms of ODM and glycolysis.
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64
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Jones M, Nankervis B, Roballo KS, Pham H, Bushman J, Coeshott C. A Comparison of Automated Perfusion- and Manual Diffusion-Based Human Regulatory T Cell Expansion and Functionality Using a Soluble Activator Complex. Cell Transplant 2021; 29:963689720923578. [PMID: 32662685 PMCID: PMC7586259 DOI: 10.1177/0963689720923578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Absence or reduced frequency of human regulatory T cells (Tregs) can limit the control of inflammatory responses, autoimmunity, and the success of transplant engraftment. Clinical studies indicate that use of Tregs as immunotherapeutics would require billions of cells per dose. The Quantum® Cell Expansion System (Quantum system) is a hollow-fiber bioreactor that has previously been used to grow billions of functional T cells in a short timeframe, 8–9 d. Here we evaluated expansion of selected Tregs in the Quantum system using a soluble activator to compare the effects of automated perfusion with manual diffusion-based culture in flasks. Treg CD4+CD25+ cells from three healthy donors, isolated via column-free immunomagnetic negative/positive selection, were grown under static conditions and subsequently seeded into Quantum system bioreactors and into T225 control flasks in an identical culture volume of PRIME-XV XSFM medium with interleukin-2, for a 9-d expansion using a soluble anti-CD3/CD28/CD2 monoclonal antibody activator complex. Treg harvests from three parallel expansions produced a mean of 3.95 × 108 (range 1.92 × 108 to 5.58 × 108) Tregs in flasks (mean viability 71.3%) versus 7.00 × 109 (range 3.57 × 109 to 13.00 × 109) Tregs in the Quantum system (mean viability 91.8%), demonstrating a mean 17.7-fold increase in Treg yield for the Quantum system over that obtained in flasks. The two culture processes gave rise to cells with a memory Treg CD4+CD25+FoxP3+CD45RO+ phenotype of 93.7% for flasks versus 97.7% for the Quantum system. Tregs from the Quantum system demonstrated an 8-fold greater interleukin-10 stimulation index than cells from flask culture following restimulation. Quantum system–expanded Tregs proliferated, maintained their antigenic phenotype, and suppressed effector immune cells after cryopreservation. We conclude that an automated perfusion bioreactor can support the scale-up expansion of functional Tregs more efficiently than diffusion-based flask culture.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Huong Pham
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - Jared Bushman
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
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65
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Gil DA, Deming DA, Skala MC. Volumetric growth tracking of patient-derived cancer organoids using optical coherence tomography. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 12:3789-3805. [PMID: 34457380 PMCID: PMC8367263 DOI: 10.1364/boe.428197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Patient-derived cancer organoids (PCOs) are in vitro organotypic models that reflect in vivo drug response, thus PCOs are an accessible model for cancer drug screening in a clinically relevant timeframe. However, current methods to assess the response of PCOs are limited. Here, a custom swept-source optical coherence tomography (OCT) system was used to rapidly evaluate volumetric growth and drug response in PCOs. This system was optimized for an inverted imaging geometry to enable high-throughput imaging of PCOs. An automated image analysis framework was developed to perform 3D single-organoid tracking of PCOs across multiple time points over 48 hours. Metabolic inhibitors and cancer therapies decreased PCOs volumetric growth rate compared to control PCOs. Single-organoid tracking improved sensitivity to drug treatment compared to a pooled analysis of changes in organoid volume. OCT provided a more accurate assessment of organoid volume compared to a volume estimation method based on 2D projections. Single-organoid tracking with OCT also identified heterogeneity in drug response between solid and hollow PCOs. This work demonstrates that OCT and 3D single-organoid tracking are attractive tools to monitor volumetric growth and drug response in PCOs, providing rapid, non-destructive methods to quantify heterogeneity in PCOs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A. Gil
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53704, USA
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53704, USA
| | - Dustin A. Deming
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI 53704, USA
- Division of Hematology, Medical Oncology and Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53704, USA
- Department of Oncology, McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53704, USA
| | - Melissa C. Skala
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53704, USA
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53704, USA
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI 53704, USA
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66
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Balasubramanian B, Liu W, Pushparaj K, Park S. The Epic of In Vitro Meat Production-A Fiction into Reality. Foods 2021; 10:1395. [PMID: 34208720 PMCID: PMC8233867 DOI: 10.3390/foods10061395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to a proportionally increasing population and food demands, the food industry has come up with wide innovations, opportunities, and possibilities to manufacture meat under in vitro conditions. The amalgamation of cell culture and tissue engineering has been the base idea for the development of the synthetic meat, and this has been proposed to be a pivotal study for a futuristic muscle development program in the medical field. With improved microbial and chemical advancements, in vitro meat matched the conventional meat and is proposed to be eco-friendly, healthy, nutrient rich, and ethical. Despite the success, there are several challenges associated with the utilization of materials in synthetic meat manufacture, which demands regulatory and safety assessment systems to manage the risks associated with the production of cultured meat. The role of 3D bioprinting meat analogues enables a better nutritional profile and sensorial values. The integration of nanosensors in the bioprocess of culture meat eased the quality assessment throughout the food supply chain and management. Multidisciplinary approaches such as mathematical modelling, computer fluid dynamics, and biophotonics coupled with tissue engineering will be promising aspects to envisage the future prospective of this technology and make it available to the public at economically feasible rates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wenchao Liu
- Department of Animal Science, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China;
| | - Karthika Pushparaj
- Department of Zoology, School of Biosciences, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore 641 043, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Sungkwon Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea;
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67
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Mansouri M, Leipzig ND. Advances in removing mass transport limitations for more physiologically relevant in vitro 3D cell constructs. BIOPHYSICS REVIEWS 2021; 2:021305. [PMID: 38505119 PMCID: PMC10903443 DOI: 10.1063/5.0048837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Spheroids and organoids are promising models for biomedical applications ranging from human disease modeling to drug discovery. A main goal of these 3D cell-based platforms is to recapitulate important physiological parameters of their in vivo organ counterparts. One way to achieve improved biomimetic architectures and functions is to culture cells at higher density and larger total numbers. However, poor nutrient and waste transport lead to low stability, survival, and functionality over extended periods of time, presenting outstanding challenges in this field. Fortunately, important improvements in culture strategies have enhanced the survival and function of cells within engineered microtissues/organs. Here, we first discuss the challenges of growing large spheroids/organoids with a focus on mass transport limitations, then highlight recent tools and methodologies that are available for producing and sustaining functional 3D in vitro models. This information points toward the fact that there is a critical need for the continued development of novel cell culture strategies that address mass transport in a physiologically relevant human setting to generate long-lasting and large-sized spheroids/organoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Mansouri
- Department of Chemical, Biomolecular, and Corrosion Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, USA
| | - Nic D. Leipzig
- Department of Chemical, Biomolecular, and Corrosion Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, USA
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68
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Zheng F, Xiao Y, Liu H, Fan Y, Dao M. Patient-Specific Organoid and Organ-on-a-Chip: 3D Cell-Culture Meets 3D Printing and Numerical Simulation. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2021; 5:e2000024. [PMID: 33856745 PMCID: PMC8243895 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202000024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The last few decades have witnessed diversified in vitro models to recapitulate the architecture and function of living organs or tissues and contribute immensely to advances in life science. Two novel 3D cell culture models: 1) Organoid, promoted mainly by the developments of stem cell biology and 2) Organ-on-a-chip, enhanced primarily due to microfluidic technology, have emerged as two promising approaches to advance the understanding of basic biological principles and clinical treatments. This review describes the comparable distinct differences between these two models and provides more insights into their complementarity and integration to recognize their merits and limitations for applicable fields. The convergence of the two approaches to produce multi-organoid-on-a-chip or human organoid-on-a-chip is emerging as a new approach for building 3D models with higher physiological relevance. Furthermore, rapid advancements in 3D printing and numerical simulations, which facilitate the design, manufacture, and results-translation of 3D cell culture models, can also serve as novel tools to promote the development and propagation of organoid and organ-on-a-chip systems. Current technological challenges and limitations, as well as expert recommendations and future solutions to address the promising combinations by incorporating organoids, organ-on-a-chip, 3D printing, and numerical simulation, are also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuyin Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Yuminghao Xiao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Hui Liu
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yubo Fan
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Ming Dao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
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69
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Silva TP, Sousa-Luís R, Fernandes TG, Bekman EP, Rodrigues CAV, Vaz SH, Moreira LM, Hashimura Y, Jung S, Lee B, Carmo-Fonseca M, Cabral JMS. Transcriptome profiling of human pluripotent stem cell-derived cerebellar organoids reveals faster commitment under dynamic conditions. Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 118:2781-2803. [PMID: 33871054 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Human-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have great potential for disease modeling. However, generating iPSC-derived models to study brain diseases remains a challenge. In particular, the ability to recapitulate cerebellar development in vitro is still limited. We presented a reproducible and scalable production of cerebellar organoids by using the novel single-use Vertical-Wheel bioreactors, in which functional cerebellar neurons were obtained. Here, we evaluate the global gene expression profiles by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) across cerebellar differentiation, demonstrating a faster cerebellar commitment in this novel dynamic differentiation protocol. Furthermore, transcriptomic profiles suggest a significant enrichment of extracellular matrix (ECM) in dynamic-derived cerebellar organoids, which can better mimic the neural microenvironment and support a consistent neuronal network. Thus, an efficient generation of organoids with cerebellar identity was achieved for the first time in a continuous process using a dynamic system without the need of organoids encapsulation in ECM-based hydrogels, allowing the possibility of large-scale production and application in high-throughput processes. The presence of factors that favors angiogenesis onset was also detected in dynamic conditions, which can enhance functional maturation of cerebellar organoids. We anticipate that large-scale production of cerebellar organoids may help developing models for drug screening, toxicological tests, and studying pathological pathways involved in cerebellar degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa P Silva
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rui Sousa-Luís
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Tiago G Fernandes
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Evguenia P Bekman
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Carlos A V Rodrigues
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sandra H Vaz
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal, Portugal
| | - Leonilde M Moreira
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | | | - Brian Lee
- PBS Biotech, Camarillo, California, USA
| | - Maria Carmo-Fonseca
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joaquim M S Cabral
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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70
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Horder H, Guaza Lasheras M, Grummel N, Nadernezhad A, Herbig J, Ergün S, Teßmar J, Groll J, Fabry B, Bauer-Kreisel P, Blunk T. Bioprinting and Differentiation of Adipose-Derived Stromal Cell Spheroids for a 3D Breast Cancer-Adipose Tissue Model. Cells 2021; 10:cells10040803. [PMID: 33916870 PMCID: PMC8066030 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofabrication, including printing technologies, has emerged as a powerful approach to the design of disease models, such as in cancer research. In breast cancer, adipose tissue has been acknowledged as an important part of the tumor microenvironment favoring tumor progression. Therefore, in this study, a 3D-printed breast cancer model for facilitating investigations into cancer cell-adipocyte interaction was developed. First, we focused on the printability of human adipose-derived stromal cell (ASC) spheroids in an extrusion-based bioprinting setup and the adipogenic differentiation within printed spheroids into adipose microtissues. The printing process was optimized in terms of spheroid viability and homogeneous spheroid distribution in a hyaluronic acid-based bioink. Adipogenic differentiation after printing was demonstrated by lipid accumulation, expression of adipogenic marker genes, and an adipogenic ECM profile. Subsequently, a breast cancer cell (MDA-MB-231) compartment was printed onto the adipose tissue constructs. After nine days of co-culture, we observed a cancer cell-induced reduction of the lipid content and a remodeling of the ECM within the adipose tissues, with increased fibronectin, collagen I and collagen VI expression. Together, our data demonstrate that 3D-printed breast cancer-adipose tissue models can recapitulate important aspects of the complex cell–cell and cell–matrix interplay within the tumor-stroma microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Horder
- Department of Trauma, Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; (H.H.); (M.G.L.); (P.B.-K.)
| | - Mar Guaza Lasheras
- Department of Trauma, Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; (H.H.); (M.G.L.); (P.B.-K.)
| | - Nadine Grummel
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91052 Erlangen, Germany; (N.G.); (B.F.)
| | - Ali Nadernezhad
- Chair for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry, Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; (A.N.); (J.H.); (J.T.); (J.G.)
| | - Johannes Herbig
- Chair for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry, Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; (A.N.); (J.H.); (J.T.); (J.G.)
| | - Süleyman Ergün
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Würzburg, 97070 Würzburg, Germany;
| | - Jörg Teßmar
- Chair for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry, Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; (A.N.); (J.H.); (J.T.); (J.G.)
| | - Jürgen Groll
- Chair for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry, Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; (A.N.); (J.H.); (J.T.); (J.G.)
| | - Ben Fabry
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91052 Erlangen, Germany; (N.G.); (B.F.)
| | - Petra Bauer-Kreisel
- Department of Trauma, Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; (H.H.); (M.G.L.); (P.B.-K.)
| | - Torsten Blunk
- Department of Trauma, Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; (H.H.); (M.G.L.); (P.B.-K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-931-201-37115
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71
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Shokouhimehr M, Theus AS, Kamalakar A, Ning L, Cao C, Tomov ML, Kaiser JM, Goudy S, Willett NJ, Jang HW, LaRock CN, Hanna P, Lechtig A, Yousef M, Martins JDS, Nazarian A, Harris MB, Mahmoudi M, Serpooshan V. 3D Bioprinted Bacteriostatic Hyperelastic Bone Scaffold for Damage-Specific Bone Regeneration. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13071099. [PMID: 33808295 PMCID: PMC8036866 DOI: 10.3390/polym13071099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Current strategies for regeneration of large bone fractures yield limited clinical success mainly due to poor integration and healing. Multidisciplinary approaches in design and development of functional tissue engineered scaffolds are required to overcome these translational challenges. Here, a new generation of hyperelastic bone (HB) implants, loaded with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs), are 3D bioprinted and their regenerative effect on large non-healing bone fractures is studied. Scaffolds are bioprinted with the geometry that closely correspond to that of the bone defect, using an osteoconductive, highly elastic, surgically friendly bioink mainly composed of hydroxyapatite. Incorporation of SPIONs into HB bioink results in enhanced bacteriostatic properties of bone grafts while exhibiting no cytotoxicity. In vitro culture of mouse embryonic cells and human osteoblast-like cells remain viable and functional up to 14 days on printed HB scaffolds. Implantation of damage-specific bioprinted constructs into a rat model of femoral bone defect demonstrates significant regenerative effect over the 2-week time course. While no infection, immune rejection, or fibrotic encapsulation is observed, HB grafts show rapid integration with host tissue, ossification, and growth of new bone. These results suggest a great translational potential for 3D bioprinted HB scaffolds, laden with functional nanoparticles, for hard tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadreza Shokouhimehr
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (M.S.); (H.W.J.)
| | - Andrea S. Theus
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (A.S.T.); (L.N.); (M.L.T.); (N.J.W.)
| | - Archana Kamalakar
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (A.K.); (S.G.)
| | - Liqun Ning
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (A.S.T.); (L.N.); (M.L.T.); (N.J.W.)
| | - Cong Cao
- Department of Physics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
| | - Martin L. Tomov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (A.S.T.); (L.N.); (M.L.T.); (N.J.W.)
| | - Jarred M. Kaiser
- Department of Orthopedics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
- Atlanta Veteran’s Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA 30033, USA
| | - Steven Goudy
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (A.K.); (S.G.)
| | - Nick J. Willett
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (A.S.T.); (L.N.); (M.L.T.); (N.J.W.)
- Department of Orthopedics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
- Atlanta Veteran’s Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA 30033, USA
| | - Ho Won Jang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (M.S.); (H.W.J.)
| | - Christopher N. LaRock
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
| | - Philip Hanna
- Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (P.H.); (A.L.); (A.N.)
| | - Aron Lechtig
- Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (P.H.); (A.L.); (A.N.)
| | - Mohamed Yousef
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt;
| | - Janaina Da Silva Martins
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 50 Blossom St, Thier 11, Boston, MA 02114, USA;
| | - Ara Nazarian
- Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (P.H.); (A.L.); (A.N.)
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yerevan State Medical University, Yerevan 0025, Armenia
| | - Mitchel B. Harris
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Morteza Mahmoudi
- Precision Health Program & Department of Radiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
| | - Vahid Serpooshan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (A.S.T.); (L.N.); (M.L.T.); (N.J.W.)
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Correspondence:
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72
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Rothenbücher TSP, Gürbüz H, Pereira MP, Heiskanen A, Emneus J, Martinez-Serrano A. Next generation human brain models: engineered flat brain organoids featuring gyrification. Biofabrication 2021; 13:011001. [PMID: 33724233 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/abc95e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Brain organoids are considered to be a highly promising in vitro model for the study of the human brain and, despite their various shortcomings, have already been used widely in neurobiological studies. Especially for drug screening applications, a highly reproducible protocol with simple tissue culture steps and consistent output, is required. Here we present an engineering approach that addresses several existing shortcomings of brain organoids. By culturing brain organoids with a polycaprolactone scaffold, we were able to modify their shape into a flat morphology. Engineered flat brain organoids (efBOs) possess advantageous diffusion conditions and thus their tissue is better supplied with oxygen and nutrients, preventing the formation of a necrotic tissue core. Moreover, the efBO protocol is highly simplified and allows to customize the organoid size directly from the start. By seeding cells onto 12 by 12 mm scaffolds, the brain organoid size can be significantly increased. In addition, we were able to observe folding reminiscent of gyrification around day 20, which was self-generated by the tissue. To our knowledge, this is the first study that reports intrinsically caused gyrification of neuronal tissue in vitro. We consider our efBO protocol as a next step towards the generation of a stable and reliable human brain model for drug screening applications and spatial patterning experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa S P Rothenbücher
- Department of Molecular Biology, Autonomous University of Madrid, Center of Molecular Biology Severo Ochoa (CBMSO, UAM-CSIC), Madrid, Spain.,Shared first authorship
| | - Hakan Gürbüz
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.,Felixrobotics BV, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Shared first authorship
| | - Marta P Pereira
- Department of Molecular Biology, Autonomous University of Madrid, Center of Molecular Biology Severo Ochoa (CBMSO, UAM-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Arto Heiskanen
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jenny Emneus
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Alberto Martinez-Serrano
- Department of Molecular Biology, Autonomous University of Madrid, Center of Molecular Biology Severo Ochoa (CBMSO, UAM-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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73
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Thorp H, Kim K, Kondo M, Maak T, Grainger DW, Okano T. Trends in Articular Cartilage Tissue Engineering: 3D Mesenchymal Stem Cell Sheets as Candidates for Engineered Hyaline-Like Cartilage. Cells 2021; 10:cells10030643. [PMID: 33805764 PMCID: PMC7998529 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Articular cartilage defects represent an inciting factor for future osteoarthritis (OA) and degenerative joint disease progression. Despite multiple clinically available therapies that succeed in providing short term pain reduction and restoration of limited mobility, current treatments do not reliably regenerate native hyaline cartilage or halt cartilage degeneration at these defect sites. Novel therapeutics aimed at addressing limitations of current clinical cartilage regeneration therapies increasingly focus on allogeneic cells, specifically mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), as potent, banked, and available cell sources that express chondrogenic lineage commitment capabilities. Innovative tissue engineering approaches employing allogeneic MSCs aim to develop three-dimensional (3D), chondrogenically differentiated constructs for direct and immediate replacement of hyaline cartilage, improve local site tissue integration, and optimize treatment outcomes. Among emerging tissue engineering technologies, advancements in cell sheet tissue engineering offer promising capabilities for achieving both in vitro hyaline-like differentiation and effective transplantation, based on controlled 3D cellular interactions and retained cellular adhesion molecules. This review focuses on 3D MSC-based tissue engineering approaches for fabricating “ready-to-use” hyaline-like cartilage constructs for future rapid in vivo regenerative cartilage therapies. We highlight current approaches and future directions regarding development of MSC-derived cartilage therapies, emphasizing cell sheet tissue engineering, with specific focus on regulating 3D cellular interactions for controlled chondrogenic differentiation and post-differentiation transplantation capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hallie Thorp
- Cell Sheet Tissue Engineering Center (CSTEC), Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, 30 South 2000 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; (H.T.); (M.K.); (D.W.G.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, 36 S Wasatch Dr, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Kyungsook Kim
- Cell Sheet Tissue Engineering Center (CSTEC), Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, 30 South 2000 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; (H.T.); (M.K.); (D.W.G.)
- Correspondence: (K.K.); (T.O.); Tel.: +1-801-585-0070 (K.K. & T.O.); Fax: +1-801-581-3674 (K.K. & T.O.)
| | - Makoto Kondo
- Cell Sheet Tissue Engineering Center (CSTEC), Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, 30 South 2000 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; (H.T.); (M.K.); (D.W.G.)
| | - Travis Maak
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Utah, 590 Wakara Way, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA;
| | - David W. Grainger
- Cell Sheet Tissue Engineering Center (CSTEC), Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, 30 South 2000 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; (H.T.); (M.K.); (D.W.G.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, 36 S Wasatch Dr, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Teruo Okano
- Cell Sheet Tissue Engineering Center (CSTEC), Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, 30 South 2000 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; (H.T.); (M.K.); (D.W.G.)
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Wakamatsucho, 2−2, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
- Correspondence: (K.K.); (T.O.); Tel.: +1-801-585-0070 (K.K. & T.O.); Fax: +1-801-581-3674 (K.K. & T.O.)
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74
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Hu S, Martinez-Garcia FD, Moeun BN, Burgess JK, Harmsen MC, Hoesli C, de Vos P. An immune regulatory 3D-printed alginate-pectin construct for immunoisolation of insulin producing β-cells. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 123:112009. [PMID: 33812628 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Different bioinks have been used to produce cell-laden alginate-based hydrogel constructs for cell replacement therapy but some of these approaches suffer from issues with print quality, long-term mechanical instability, and bioincompatibility. In this study, new alginate-based bioinks were developed to produce cell-laden grid-shaped hydrogel constructs with stable integrity and immunomodulating capacity. Integrity and printability were improved by including the co-block-polymer Pluronic F127 in alginate solutions. To reduce inflammatory responses, pectin with a low degree of methylation was included and tested for inhibition of Toll-Like Receptor 2/1 (TLR2/1) dimerization and activation and tissue responses under the skin of mice. The viscoelastic properties of alginate-Pluronic constructs were unaffected by pectin incorporation. The tested pectin protected printed insulin-producing MIN6 cells from inflammatory stress as evidenced by higher numbers of surviving cells within the pectin-containing construct following exposure to a cocktail of the pro-inflammatory cytokines namely, IL-1β, IFN-γ, and TNF-α. The results suggested that the cell-laden construct bioprinted with pectin-alginate-Pluronic bioink reduced tissue responses via inhibiting TLR2/1 and support insulin-producing β-cell survival under inflammatory stress. Our study provides a potential novel strategy to improve long-term survival of pancreatic islet grafts for Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxian Hu
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, EA 11, 9713 GZ Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Francisco Drusso Martinez-Garcia
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, EA 11, 9713 GZ Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Brenden N Moeun
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, 3610 rue University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Janette Kay Burgess
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, EA 11, 9713 GZ Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Martin Conrad Harmsen
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, EA 11, 9713 GZ Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Corinne Hoesli
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, 3610 rue University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Biological and Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, 3775 rue University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Paul de Vos
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, EA 11, 9713 GZ Groningen, the Netherlands
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75
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Zine A, Messat Y, Fritzsch B. A human induced pluripotent stem cell-based modular platform to challenge sensorineural hearing loss. STEM CELLS (DAYTON, OHIO) 2021; 39:697-706. [PMID: 33522002 PMCID: PMC8359331 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The sense of hearing depends on a specialized sensory organ in the inner ear, called the cochlea, which contains the auditory hair cells (HCs). Noise trauma, infections, genetic factors, side effects of ototoxic drugs (ie, some antibiotics and chemotherapeutics), or simply aging lead to the loss of HCs and their associated primary neurons. This results in irreversible sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) as in mammals, including humans; the inner ear lacks the capacity to regenerate HCs and spiral ganglion neurons. SNHL is a major global health problem affecting millions of people worldwide and provides a growing concern in the aging population. To date, treatment options are limited to hearing aids and cochlear implants. A major bottleneck for development of new therapies for SNHL is associated to the lack of human otic cell bioassays. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) can be induced in two-dimensional and three-dimensional otic cells in vitro models that can generate inner ear progenitors and sensory HCs and could be a promising preclinical platform from which to work toward restoring SNHL. We review the potential applications of hiPSCs in the various biological approaches, including disease modeling, bioengineering, drug testing, and autologous stem cell based-cell therapy, that offer opportunities to understand the pathogenic mechanisms of SNHL and identify novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azel Zine
- Laboratory of Bioengineering and Nanoscience, LBN, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Yassine Messat
- Laboratory of Bioengineering and Nanoscience, LBN, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Bernd Fritzsch
- Department of Biology, CLAS, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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76
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Moysidou CM, Barberio C, Owens RM. Advances in Engineering Human Tissue Models. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 8:620962. [PMID: 33585419 PMCID: PMC7877542 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.620962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Research in cell biology greatly relies on cell-based in vitro assays and models that facilitate the investigation and understanding of specific biological events and processes under different conditions. The quality of such experimental models and particularly the level at which they represent cell behavior in the native tissue, is of critical importance for our understanding of cell interactions within tissues and organs. Conventionally, in vitro models are based on experimental manipulation of mammalian cells, grown as monolayers on flat, two-dimensional (2D) substrates. Despite the amazing progress and discoveries achieved with flat biology models, our ability to translate biological insights has been limited, since the 2D environment does not reflect the physiological behavior of cells in real tissues. Advances in 3D cell biology and engineering have led to the development of a new generation of cell culture formats that can better recapitulate the in vivo microenvironment, allowing us to examine cells and their interactions in a more biomimetic context. Modern biomedical research has at its disposal novel technological approaches that promote development of more sophisticated and robust tissue engineering in vitro models, including scaffold- or hydrogel-based formats, organotypic cultures, and organs-on-chips. Even though such systems are necessarily simplified to capture a particular range of physiology, their ability to model specific processes of human biology is greatly valued for their potential to close the gap between conventional animal studies and human (patho-) physiology. Here, we review recent advances in 3D biomimetic cultures, focusing on the technological bricks available to develop more physiologically relevant in vitro models of human tissues. By highlighting applications and examples of several physiological and disease models, we identify the limitations and challenges which the field needs to address in order to more effectively incorporate synthetic biomimetic culture platforms into biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Róisín Meabh Owens
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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77
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Jasmine S, Thangavelu A, Krishnamoorthy R, Alzahrani KE, Alshuniaber MA. Architectural and Ultrastructural Variations of Human Leukocyte-Rich Platelet-Rich Fibrin and Injectable Platelet-Rich Fibrin. J Microsc Ultrastruct 2021; 9:76-80. [PMID: 34350103 PMCID: PMC8291098 DOI: 10.4103/jmau.jmau_7_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) architecture and ultrastructure plays a crucial role in regulating and coordinating the cellular functions and provides a physical architecture, mechanical stability, and biochemical cues necessary for tissue morphogenesis and homeostasis. No study consciously reported the variation in architecture, ultrastructure, and morphology of leukocyte-rich PRF (L-PRF) and injectable PRF (i-PRF). Objective: Hence, the present study was aimed to evaluate the fibrin architecture, ultrastructure, and cell contents of autologous L-PRF and i-PRF. Materials and Methods: The autologous L-PRF and i-PRF were prepared from blood samples of healthy donors. The morphological and structural variations were assessed by histopathology, atomic force microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscope, and field emission scanning electron microscope. Results: Disparity was found on architecture and ultrastructure of L-PRF and i-PRF fibrin network. The variation in platelet and leukocyte concentration attributed to the fibrin conformational changes. L-PRF shows thick fibrins with rough surface, whereas in i-PRF, smooth thin fibrins. Conclusions: The current study revealed that there is heterogeneity between L-PRF and i-PRF fibrin matrix architecture, ultrastructure, platelets, leukocytes, and the fibrin content. These speculate that the diameter, width, roughness, and smoothness of fibrin fibers, pore size, and shapes of L-PRF and i-PRF matrix may initiate and mediate the scaffold functions differently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharmila Jasmine
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial surgery, Rajah Muthiah Dental College and Hospital, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Annamalai Thangavelu
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial surgery, Rajah Muthiah Dental College and Hospital, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rajapandiyan Krishnamoorthy
- Nanobiotechnology and Molecular Biology Research Lab, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid E Alzahrani
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad A Alshuniaber
- Nanobiotechnology and Molecular Biology Research Lab, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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78
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Futrega K, Robey PG, Klein TJ, Crawford RW, Doran MR. A single day of TGF-β1 exposure activates chondrogenic and hypertrophic differentiation pathways in bone marrow-derived stromal cells. Commun Biol 2021; 4:29. [PMID: 33398032 PMCID: PMC7782775 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01520-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Virtually all bone marrow-derived stromal cell (BMSC) chondrogenic induction cultures include greater than 2 weeks exposure to transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), but fail to generate cartilage-like tissue suitable for joint repair. Herein we used a micro-pellet model (5 × 103 BMSC each) to determine the duration of TGF-β1 exposure required to initiate differentiation machinery, and to characterize the role of intrinsic programming. We found that a single day of TGF-β1 exposure was sufficient to trigger BMSC chondrogenic differentiation and tissue formation, similar to 21 days of TGF-β1 exposure. Despite cessation of TGF-β1 exposure following 24 hours, intrinsic programming mediated further chondrogenic and hypertrophic BMSC differentiation. These important behaviors are obfuscated by diffusion gradients and heterogeneity in commonly used macro-pellet models (2 × 105 BMSC each). Use of more homogenous micro-pellet models will enable identification of the critical differentiation cues required, likely in the first 24-hours, to generate high quality cartilage-like tissue from BMSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Futrega
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies (CBT), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Translational Research Institute (TRI), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Pamela G Robey
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Travis J Klein
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies (CBT), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ross W Crawford
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies (CBT), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Michael R Doran
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA.
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies (CBT), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
- Translational Research Institute (TRI), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
- Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland (UQ), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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79
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Albanese A, Swaney JM, Yun DH, Evans NB, Antonucci JM, Velasco S, Sohn CH, Arlotta P, Gehrke L, Chung K. Multiscale 3D phenotyping of human cerebral organoids. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21487. [PMID: 33293587 PMCID: PMC7723053 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78130-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain organoids grown from human pluripotent stem cells self-organize into cytoarchitectures resembling the developing human brain. These three-dimensional models offer an unprecedented opportunity to study human brain development and dysfunction. Characterization currently sacrifices spatial information for single-cell or histological analysis leaving whole-tissue analysis mostly unexplored. Here, we present the SCOUT pipeline for automated multiscale comparative analysis of intact cerebral organoids. Our integrated technology platform can rapidly clear, label, and image intact organoids. Algorithmic- and convolutional neural network-based image analysis extract hundreds of features characterizing molecular, cellular, spatial, cytoarchitectural, and organoid-wide properties from fluorescence microscopy datasets. Comprehensive analysis of 46 intact organoids and ~ 100 million cells reveals quantitative multiscale "phenotypes" for organoid development, culture protocols and Zika virus infection. SCOUT provides a much-needed framework for comparative analysis of emerging 3D in vitro models using fluorescence microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Albanese
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Dae Hee Yun
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Nicholas B Evans
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jenna M Antonucci
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Silvia Velasco
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Chang Ho Sohn
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Paola Arlotta
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Lee Gehrke
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Kwanghun Chung
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Yonsei-IBS Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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80
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Muzika F, Schreiberová L, Schreiber I. Advanced Chemical Computing Using Discrete Turing Patterns in Arrays of Coupled Cells. Front Chem 2020; 8:559650. [PMID: 33195048 PMCID: PMC7658265 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.559650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We examine dynamical switching among discrete Turing patterns that enable chemical computing performed by mass-coupled reaction cells arranged as arrays with various topological configurations: three coupled cells in a cyclic array, four coupled cells in a linear array, four coupled cells in a cyclic array, and four coupled cells in a branched array. Each cell is operating as a continuous stirred tank reactor, within which the glycolytic reaction takes place, represented by a skeleton inhibitor-activator model where ADP plays the role of activator and ATP is the inhibitor. The mass coupling between cells is assumed to be operating in three possible transport regimes: (i) equal transport coefficients of the inhibitor and activator (ii) slightly faster transport of the activator, and (iii) strongly faster transport of the inhibitor. Each cellular array is characterized by two pairs of tunable parameters, the rate coefficients of the autocatalytic and inhibitory steps, and the transport coefficients of the coupling. Using stability and bifurcation analysis we identified conditions for occurrence of discrete Turing patterns associated with non-uniform stationary states. We found stable symmetric and/or asymmetric discrete Turing patterns coexisting with stable uniform periodic oscillations. To switch from one of the coexisting stable regimes to another we use carefully targeted perturbations, which allows us to build systems of logic gates specific to each topological type of the array, which in turn enables to perform advanced modes of chemical computing. By combining chemical computing techniques in the arrays with glycolytic excitable channels, we propose a cellular assemblage design for advanced chemical computing.
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Affiliation(s)
- František Muzika
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czechia
| | - Lenka Schreiberová
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czechia
| | - Igor Schreiber
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czechia
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81
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Tomiyama AJ, Kawecki NS, Rosenfeld DL, Jay JA, Rajagopal D, Rowat AC. Bridging the gap between the science of cultured meat and public perceptions. Trends Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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82
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Patino-Guerrero A, Veldhuizen J, Zhu W, Migrino RQ, Nikkhah M. Three-dimensional scaffold-free microtissues engineered for cardiac repair. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:7571-7590. [PMID: 32724973 PMCID: PMC8314954 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb01528h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases, including myocardial infarction (MI), persist as the leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. The limited regenerative capacity of the myocardium presents significant challenges specifically for the treatment of MI and, subsequently, heart failure (HF). Traditional therapeutic approaches mainly rely on limiting the induced damage or the stress on the remaining viable myocardium through pharmacological regulation of remodeling mechanisms, rather than replacement or regeneration of the injured tissue. The emerging alternative regenerative medicine-based approaches have focused on restoring the damaged myocardial tissue with newly engineered functional and bioinspired tissue units. Cardiac regenerative medicine approaches can be broadly categorized into three groups: cell-based therapies, scaffold-based cardiac tissue engineering, and scaffold-free cardiac tissue engineering. Despite significant advancements, however, the clinical translation of these approaches has been critically hindered by two key obstacles for successful structural and functional replacement of the damaged myocardium, namely: poor engraftment of engineered tissue into the damaged cardiac muscle and weak electromechanical coupling of transplanted cells with the native tissue. To that end, the integration of micro- and nanoscale technologies along with recent advancements in stem cell technologies have opened new avenues for engineering of structurally mature and highly functional scaffold-based (SB-CMTs) and scaffold-free cardiac microtissues (SF-CMTs) with enhanced cellular organization and electromechanical coupling for the treatment of MI and HF. In this review article, we will present the state-of-the-art approaches and recent advancements in the engineering of SF-CMTs for myocardial repair.
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83
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Galet B, Cheval H, Ravassard P. Patient-Derived Midbrain Organoids to Explore the Molecular Basis of Parkinson's Disease. Front Neurol 2020; 11:1005. [PMID: 33013664 PMCID: PMC7500100 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.01005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived organoids offer an unprecedented access to complex human tissues that recapitulate features of architecture, composition and function of in vivo organs. In the context of Parkinson's Disease (PD), human midbrain organoids (hMO) are of significant interest, as they generate dopaminergic neurons expressing markers of Substantia Nigra identity, which are the most vulnerable to degeneration. Combined with genome editing approaches, hMO may thus constitute a valuable tool to dissect the genetic makeup of PD by revealing the effects of risk variants on pathological mechanisms in a representative cellular environment. Furthermore, the flexibility of organoid co-culture approaches may also enable the study of neuroinflammatory and neurovascular processes, as well as interactions with other brain regions that are also affected over the course of the disease. We here review existing protocols to generate hMO, how they have been used so far to model PD, address challenges inherent to organoid cultures, and discuss applicable strategies to dissect the molecular pathophysiology of the disease. Taken together, the research suggests that this technology represents a promising alternative to 2D in vitro models, which could significantly improve our understanding of PD and help accelerate therapeutic developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Galet
- Molecular Pathophysiology of Parkinson's Disease Group, Paris Brain Institute (ICM), INSERM U, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
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84
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Soucy JR, Bindas AJ, Brady R, Torregrosa T, Denoncourt CM, Hosic S, Dai G, Koppes AN, Koppes RA. Reconfigurable Microphysiological Systems for Modeling Innervation and Multitissue Interactions. ADVANCED BIOSYSTEMS 2020; 4:e2000133. [PMID: 32755004 PMCID: PMC8136149 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202000133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tissue-engineered models continue to experience challenges in delivering structural specificity, nutrient delivery, and heterogenous cellular components, especially for organ-systems that require functional inputs/outputs and have high metabolic requirements, such as the heart. While soft lithography has provided a means to recapitulate complex architectures in the dish, it is plagued with a number of prohibitive shortcomings. Here, concepts from microfluidics, tissue engineering, and layer-by-layer fabrication are applied to develop reconfigurable, inexpensive microphysiological systems that facilitate discrete, 3D cell compartmentalization, and improved nutrient transport. This fabrication technique includes the use of the meniscus pinning effect, photocrosslinkable hydrogels, and a commercially available laser engraver to cut flow paths. The approach is low cost and robust in capabilities to design complex, multilayered systems with the inclusion of instrumentation for real-time manipulation or measures of cell function. In a demonstration of the technology, the hierarchal 3D microenvironment of the cardiac sympathetic nervous system is replicated. Beat rate and neurite ingrowth are assessed on-chip and quantification demonstrates that sympathetic-cardiac coculture increases spontaneous beat rate, while drug-induced increases in beating lead to greater sympathetic innervation. Importantly, these methods may be applied to other organ-systems and have promise for future applications in drug screening, discovery, and personal medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan R Soucy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Adam J Bindas
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Ryan Brady
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Tess Torregrosa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Cailey M Denoncourt
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Sanjin Hosic
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Guohao Dai
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Abigail N Koppes
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Ryan A Koppes
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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85
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Bull JA, Mech F, Quaiser T, Waters SL, Byrne HM. Mathematical modelling reveals cellular dynamics within tumour spheroids. PLoS Comput Biol 2020; 16:e1007961. [PMID: 32810174 PMCID: PMC7455028 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumour spheroids are widely used as an in vitro assay for characterising the dynamics and response to treatment of different cancer cell lines. Their popularity is largely due to the reproducible manner in which spheroids grow: the diffusion of nutrients and oxygen from the surrounding culture medium, and their consumption by tumour cells, causes proliferation to be localised at the spheroid boundary. As the spheroid grows, cells at the spheroid centre may become hypoxic and die, forming a necrotic core. The pressure created by the localisation of tumour cell proliferation and death generates an cellular flow of tumour cells from the spheroid rim towards its core. Experiments by Dorie et al. showed that this flow causes inert microspheres to infiltrate into tumour spheroids via advection from the spheroid surface, by adding microbeads to the surface of tumour spheroids and observing the distribution over time. We use an off-lattice hybrid agent-based model to re-assess these experiments and establish the extent to which the spatio-temporal data generated by microspheres can be used to infer kinetic parameters associated with the tumour spheroids that they infiltrate. Variation in these parameters, such as the rate of tumour cell proliferation or sensitivity to hypoxia, can produce spheroids with similar bulk growth dynamics but differing internal compositions (the proportion of the tumour which is proliferating, hypoxic/quiescent and necrotic/nutrient-deficient). We use this model to show that the types of experiment conducted by Dorie et al. could be used to infer spheroid composition and parameters associated with tumour cell lines such as their sensitivity to hypoxia or average rate of proliferation, and note that these observations cannot be conducted within previous continuum models of microbead infiltration into tumour spheroids as they rely on resolving the trajectories of individual microbeads. Tumour spheroids are an experimental assay used to characterise the dynamics and response to treatment of different cancer cell lines. Previous experiments have demonstrated that the localisation of tumour cell proliferation to the spheroid edge (due to the gradient formed by nutrient diffusing from the surrounding medium) causes cells to be pushed from the proliferative rim towards the nutrient-deficient necrotic core. This movement allows inert particles to infiltrate tumour spheroids. We use a hybrid agent-based model to reproduce this data. We show further how data from individual microbead trajectories can be used to infer the composition of simulated tumour spheroids, and to estimate model parameters pertaining to tumour cell proliferation rates and their responses to hypoxia. Since these measurements are possible using modern imaging techniques, this could motivate new experiments in which spheroid composition could be inferred by observing passive infiltration of inert particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A. Bull
- Wolfson Centre for Mathematical Biology, Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Franziska Mech
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, pRED Informatics, Roche Innovation Centre Munich, Germany
| | - Tom Quaiser
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, pRED Informatics, Roche Innovation Centre Munich, Germany
| | - Sarah L. Waters
- Oxford Centre for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Helen M. Byrne
- Wolfson Centre for Mathematical Biology, Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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86
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Mader M, Helm M, Lu M, Stenzel MH, Jérôme V, Freitag R, Agarwal S, Greiner A. Perfusion Cultivation of Artificial Liver Extracellular Matrix in Fibrous Polymer Sponges Biomimicking Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:4094-4104. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c00900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Mader
- Macromolecular Chemistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstrasse 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Moritz Helm
- Process Biotechnology, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Mingxia Lu
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Martina H. Stenzel
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Valérie Jérôme
- Process Biotechnology, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Ruth Freitag
- Process Biotechnology, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Seema Agarwal
- Macromolecular Chemistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstrasse 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Andreas Greiner
- Macromolecular Chemistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstrasse 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
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87
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Hauptstein J, Böck T, Bartolf‐Kopp M, Forster L, Stahlhut P, Nadernezhad A, Blahetek G, Zernecke‐Madsen A, Detsch R, Jüngst T, Groll J, Teßmar J, Blunk T. Hyaluronic Acid-Based Bioink Composition Enabling 3D Bioprinting and Improving Quality of Deposited Cartilaginous Extracellular Matrix. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e2000737. [PMID: 32757263 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202000737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In 3D bioprinting, bioinks with high concentrations of polymeric materials are frequently used to enable fabrication of 3D cell-hydrogel constructs with sufficient stability. However, this is often associated with restricted cell bioactivity and an inhomogeneous distribution of newly produced extracellular matrix (ECM). Therefore, this study investigates bioink compositions based on hyaluronic acid (HA), an attractive material for cartilage regeneration, which allow for reduction of polymer content. Thiolated HA and allyl-modified poly(glycidol) in varying concentrations are UV-crosslinked. To adapt bioinks to poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL)-supported 3D bioprinting, the gels are further supplemented with 1 wt% unmodified high molecular weight HA (hmHA) and chondrogenic differentiation of incorporated human mesenchymal stromal cells is assessed. Strikingly, addition of hmHA to gels with a low polymer content (3 wt%) results in distinct increase of construct quality with a homogeneous ECM distribution throughout the constructs, independent of the printing process. Improved ECM distribution in those constructs is associated with increased construct stiffness after chondrogenic differentiation, as compared to higher concentrated constructs (10 wt%), which only show pericellular matrix deposition. The study contributes to effective bioink development, demonstrating dual function of a supplement enabling PCL-supported bioprinting and at the same time improving biological properties of the resulting constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Hauptstein
- Department of Trauma, Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryUniversity of Würzburg 97080 Würzburg Germany
| | - Thomas Böck
- Chair for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry and Bavarian Polymer InstituteUniversity of Würzburg 97070 Würzburg Germany
| | - Michael Bartolf‐Kopp
- Chair for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry and Bavarian Polymer InstituteUniversity of Würzburg 97070 Würzburg Germany
| | - Leonard Forster
- Chair for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry and Bavarian Polymer InstituteUniversity of Würzburg 97070 Würzburg Germany
| | - Philipp Stahlhut
- Chair for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry and Bavarian Polymer InstituteUniversity of Würzburg 97070 Würzburg Germany
| | - Ali Nadernezhad
- Chair for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry and Bavarian Polymer InstituteUniversity of Würzburg 97070 Würzburg Germany
| | - Gina Blahetek
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine IIUniversity Hospital Würzburg 97080 Würzburg Germany
| | - Alma Zernecke‐Madsen
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine IIUniversity Hospital Würzburg 97080 Würzburg Germany
| | - Rainer Detsch
- Institute of BiomaterialsDepartment of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of Erlangen‐Nuremberg 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Tomasz Jüngst
- Chair for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry and Bavarian Polymer InstituteUniversity of Würzburg 97070 Würzburg Germany
| | - Jürgen Groll
- Chair for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry and Bavarian Polymer InstituteUniversity of Würzburg 97070 Würzburg Germany
| | - Jörg Teßmar
- Chair for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry and Bavarian Polymer InstituteUniversity of Würzburg 97070 Würzburg Germany
| | - Torsten Blunk
- Department of Trauma, Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryUniversity of Würzburg 97080 Würzburg Germany
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88
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Sego TJ, Glazier JA, Tovar A. Unification of aggregate growth models by emergence from cellular and intracellular mechanisms. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2020; 7:192148. [PMID: 32968501 PMCID: PMC7481681 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.192148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Multicellular aggregate growth is regulated by nutrient availability and removal of metabolites, but the specifics of growth dynamics are dependent on cell type and environment. Classical models of growth are based on differential equations. While in some cases these classical models match experimental observations, they can only predict growth of a limited number of cell types and so can only be selectively applied. Currently, no classical model provides a general mathematical representation of growth for any cell type and environment. This discrepancy limits their range of applications, which a general modelling framework can enhance. In this work, a hybrid cellular Potts model is used to explain the discrepancy between classical models as emergent behaviours from the same mathematical system. Intracellular processes are described using probability distributions of local chemical conditions for proliferation and death and simulated. By fitting simulation results to a generalization of the classical models, their emergence is demonstrated. Parameter variations elucidate how aggregate growth may behave like one classical growth model or another. Three classical growth model fits were tested, and emergence of the Gompertz equation was demonstrated. Effects of shape changes are demonstrated, which are significant for final aggregate size and growth rate, and occur stochastically.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. J. Sego
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - James A. Glazier
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Andres Tovar
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Indiana University–Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Author for correspondence: Andres Tovar e-mail:
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89
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Neuer AL, Gerken LRH, Keevend K, Gogos A, Herrmann IK. Uptake, distribution and radio-enhancement effects of gold nanoparticles in tumor microtissues. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2020; 2:2992-3001. [PMID: 36132396 PMCID: PMC9417636 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00256a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Radiotherapy is an integral and highly effective part of cancer therapy, applicable in over 50% of patients affected by cancer. Due to the low specificity of the X-ray irradiation, the maximal radiation dose is greatly limited in order to avoid damage to surrounding healthy tissue. The limitations in applicable dose oftentimes result in the survival of a subpopulation of radio-resistant cells that then cause cancer reoccurence. Approaches based on tumor-targeted high atomic number inorganic nanoparticles have been proposed to locally increase the photoelectric absorption cross-section of tumors relative to healthy tissue. However, the complex interplay between the nanoparticle radio-enhancers and the tumor tissue has led to poor translation of in vitro findings to (pre)clinics. Here, we report the development of a tumor microtissue model along with analytical imaging for the quantitative assessment of nanoparticle-based radio-enhancement as a function of nanoparticle size, uptake and intratissural distribution. The advanced in vitro model exhibits key features of cancerous tissues, including diminished susceptibility to drugs and attenuated response to nanoparticle treatment compared to corresponding conventional 2D cell cultures. Whereas radio-enhancement effects between 2D and 3D cell cultures were comparable for 5 nm gold particles, the limited penetration of 50 nm gold nanoparticles into 3D microtissues led to a significantly reduced radio-enhancement effect in 3D compared to 2D. Taken together, tumor microtissues, which in stark contrast to 2D cell culture exhibit tissue-like features, may provide a valuable high-throughput intermediate pre-selection step in the preclinical translation of nanoparticle-based radio-enhancement therapy designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna L Neuer
- Laboratory for Particles Biology Interactions, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa) Lerchenfeldstrasse 5 CH-9014 St. Gallen Switzerland +41 58 765 7153
- Nanoparticle Systems Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Energy and Process Engineering, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich Sonneggstrasse 3 CH-8092 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Lukas R H Gerken
- Laboratory for Particles Biology Interactions, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa) Lerchenfeldstrasse 5 CH-9014 St. Gallen Switzerland +41 58 765 7153
- Nanoparticle Systems Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Energy and Process Engineering, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich Sonneggstrasse 3 CH-8092 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Kerda Keevend
- Laboratory for Particles Biology Interactions, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa) Lerchenfeldstrasse 5 CH-9014 St. Gallen Switzerland +41 58 765 7153
- Nanoparticle Systems Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Energy and Process Engineering, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich Sonneggstrasse 3 CH-8092 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Alexander Gogos
- Laboratory for Particles Biology Interactions, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa) Lerchenfeldstrasse 5 CH-9014 St. Gallen Switzerland +41 58 765 7153
| | - Inge K Herrmann
- Laboratory for Particles Biology Interactions, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa) Lerchenfeldstrasse 5 CH-9014 St. Gallen Switzerland +41 58 765 7153
- Nanoparticle Systems Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Energy and Process Engineering, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich Sonneggstrasse 3 CH-8092 Zurich Switzerland
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90
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Labour MN, Le Guilcher C, Aid-Launais R, El Samad N, Lanouar S, Simon-Yarza T, Letourneur D. Development of 3D Hepatic Constructs Within Polysaccharide-Based Scaffolds with Tunable Properties. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103644. [PMID: 32455711 PMCID: PMC7279349 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Organoids production is a key tool for in vitro studies of physiopathological conditions, drug-induced toxicity assays, and for a potential use in regenerative medicine. Hence, it prompted studies on hepatic organoids and liver regeneration. Numerous attempts to produce hepatic constructs had often limited success due to a lack of viability or functionality. Moreover, most products could not be translated for clinical studies. The aim of this study was to develop functional and viable hepatic constructs using a 3D porous scaffold with an adjustable structure, devoid of any animal component, that could also be used as an in vivo implantable system. We used a combination of pharmaceutical grade pullulan and dextran with different porogen formulations to form crosslinked scaffolds with macroporosity ranging from 30 µm to several hundreds of microns. Polysaccharide scaffolds were easy to prepare and to handle, and allowed confocal observations thanks to their transparency. A simple seeding method allowed a rapid impregnation of the scaffolds with HepG2 cells and a homogeneous cell distribution within the scaffolds. Cells were viable over seven days and form spheroids of various geometries and sizes. Cells in 3D express hepatic markers albumin, HNF4α and CYP3A4, start to polarize and were sensitive to acetaminophen in a concentration-dependant manner. Therefore, this study depicts a proof of concept for organoid production in 3D scaffolds that could be prepared under GMP conditions for reliable drug-induced toxicity studies and for liver tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Noëlle Labour
- INSERM U1148, LVTS, Université de Paris, X Bichat Hospital, 46 rue H Huchard, F-75018 Paris, France; (M.-N.L.); (C.L.G.); (R.A.-L.); (N.E.S.); (S.L.); (T.S.-Y.)
- INSERM U1148, LVTS, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, 99 av JB Clément, 93430 Villetaneuse, France
- École Pratique des Hautes Études, Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL) Research University, 4-14 rue Ferrus, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Camile Le Guilcher
- INSERM U1148, LVTS, Université de Paris, X Bichat Hospital, 46 rue H Huchard, F-75018 Paris, France; (M.-N.L.); (C.L.G.); (R.A.-L.); (N.E.S.); (S.L.); (T.S.-Y.)
- INSERM U1148, LVTS, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, 99 av JB Clément, 93430 Villetaneuse, France
| | - Rachida Aid-Launais
- INSERM U1148, LVTS, Université de Paris, X Bichat Hospital, 46 rue H Huchard, F-75018 Paris, France; (M.-N.L.); (C.L.G.); (R.A.-L.); (N.E.S.); (S.L.); (T.S.-Y.)
- INSERM UMS-34, FRIM Université de Paris, X Bichat School of Medicine, F-75018 Paris, France
| | - Nour El Samad
- INSERM U1148, LVTS, Université de Paris, X Bichat Hospital, 46 rue H Huchard, F-75018 Paris, France; (M.-N.L.); (C.L.G.); (R.A.-L.); (N.E.S.); (S.L.); (T.S.-Y.)
- INSERM U1148, LVTS, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, 99 av JB Clément, 93430 Villetaneuse, France
| | - Soraya Lanouar
- INSERM U1148, LVTS, Université de Paris, X Bichat Hospital, 46 rue H Huchard, F-75018 Paris, France; (M.-N.L.); (C.L.G.); (R.A.-L.); (N.E.S.); (S.L.); (T.S.-Y.)
- INSERM U1148, LVTS, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, 99 av JB Clément, 93430 Villetaneuse, France
| | - Teresa Simon-Yarza
- INSERM U1148, LVTS, Université de Paris, X Bichat Hospital, 46 rue H Huchard, F-75018 Paris, France; (M.-N.L.); (C.L.G.); (R.A.-L.); (N.E.S.); (S.L.); (T.S.-Y.)
- INSERM U1148, LVTS, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, 99 av JB Clément, 93430 Villetaneuse, France
| | - Didier Letourneur
- INSERM U1148, LVTS, Université de Paris, X Bichat Hospital, 46 rue H Huchard, F-75018 Paris, France; (M.-N.L.); (C.L.G.); (R.A.-L.); (N.E.S.); (S.L.); (T.S.-Y.)
- INSERM U1148, LVTS, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, 99 av JB Clément, 93430 Villetaneuse, France
- Correspondence:
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91
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De Lora JA, Velasquez JL, Carroll NJ, Freyer JP, Shreve AP. Centrifugal Generation of Droplet-Based 3D Cell Cultures. SLAS Technol 2020; 25:436-445. [PMID: 32351161 DOI: 10.1177/2472630320915837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Quickly and easily producing uniform populations of microsphere-based 3D cell cultures using droplet-based templating methods has the potential to enable widespread use of such platforms in drug discovery or cancer research. Here, we advance the design of centrifuge-based droplet generation devices, describe the use of this platform for droplet generation with controlled cell occupancy, and demonstrate weeklong culture duration. Using simple-to-construct devices and easily implemented protocols, the initial concentration of encapsulated cells is adjustable up to hundreds of cells per microsphere. This work demonstrates the first instance of using centrifugal droplet-generating devices to produce large numbers of cell-encapsulating microspheres. Applications of this versatile methodology include the rapid formation of templated 3D cell culture populations suitable for suspension culture or large batch bioreactor studies that require uniform populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline A De Lora
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA.,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Jason L Velasquez
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Nick J Carroll
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA.,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - James P Freyer
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Andrew P Shreve
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA.,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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92
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Jeong HJ, Jimenez Z, Mukhambetiyar K, Seo M, Choi JW, Park TE. Engineering Human Brain Organoids: From Basic Research to Tissue Regeneration. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2020; 17:747-757. [PMID: 32329023 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-020-00250-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain organoids are self-organized from human pluripotent stem cells and developed into various brain region following the developmental process of brain. Brain organoids provide promising approach for studying brain development process and neurological diseases and for tissue regeneration. METHODS In this review, we summarized the development of brain organoids technology, potential applications focusing on disease modeling for regeneration medicine, and multidisciplinary approaches to overcome current limitations of the technology. RESULTS Generations of brain organoids are categorized into two major classes by depending on the patterning method. In order to guide the differentiation into specific brain region, the extrinsic factors such as growth factors, small molecules, and biomaterials are actively studied. For better modelling of diseases with brain organoids and clinical application for tissue regeneration, improvement of the brain organoid maturation is one of the most important steps. CONCLUSION Brain organoids have potential to develop into an innovative platform for pharmacological studies and tissue engineering. However, they are not identical replicas of their in vivo counterpart and there are still a lot of limitations to move forward to clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Jin Jeong
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Zuly Jimenez
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Karakoz Mukhambetiyar
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Minwook Seo
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Won Choi
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Eun Park
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea.
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93
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Novikova YP, Poplinskaya VA, Grigoryan EN. Organotypic Culturing as a Way to Study Recovery Opportunities of the Eye Retina in Vertebrates and Humans. Russ J Dev Biol 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062360420010063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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94
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The air-liquid interface culture of the mechanically isolated seminiferous tubules embedded in agarose or alginate improves in vitro spermatogenesis at the expense of attenuating their integrity. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2020; 56:261-270. [PMID: 32212030 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-020-00437-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Optimization of tissue culture systems able to complete male germ cell maturation to post-meiotic stages is considered as an important matter in reproductive biology. Considering that hypoxia is one of the factors limiting the efficiency of organ culture, the aim of this study was to use isolated seminiferous tubules (STs), having more surface and less thickness, in an organotypic culture system in order to improve oxygen diffusion and reduce hypoxia. The mechanically separated STs embedded in agarose or alginate and 1-3-mm3 testicular tissue fragments of 3 adult mice were separately placed on the flat surface of agarose gel that was half-soaked in the medium. Survival and differentiation of germ cells using PLZF and SCP3 markers, identity of Sertoli cell using GATA4, cell proliferation with the Ki67 marker, and ST integrity using a ST scoring were evaluated up to 36 d at different culture times, each corresponding to the duration of one spermatogenic cycle. We observed a significantly reduced ST integrity in STs embedded in agarose or alginate on day 9 (versus tissue fragments p ≤ 0.05). There was no difference in the number of PLZF-positive cells between groups, but the number of SCP3 (in all-time points) and GATA4-positive cells was significantly higher in the culture of embedded STs. Although embedding STs can be useful for the progress of in vitro spermatogenesis, it makes them sensitive to degeneration. Further improvements are required to modify the air-liquid interface method to maintain ST integrity.
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95
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Norfleet DA, Park E, Kemp ML. Computational modeling of organoid development. CURRENT OPINION IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2019.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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96
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Pavlacky J, Polak J. Technical Feasibility and Physiological Relevance of Hypoxic Cell Culture Models. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:57. [PMID: 32153502 PMCID: PMC7046623 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is characterized as insufficient oxygen delivery to tissues and cells in the body and is prevalent in many human physiology processes and diseases. Thus, it is an attractive state to experimentally study to understand its inner mechanisms as well as to develop and test therapies against pathological conditions related to hypoxia. Animal models in vivo fail to recapitulate some of the key hallmarks of human physiology, which leads to human cell cultures; however, they are prone to bias, namely when pericellular oxygen concentration (partial pressure) does not respect oxygen dynamics in vivo. A search of the current literature on the topic revealed this was the case for many original studies pertaining to experimental models of hypoxia in vitro. Therefore, in this review, we present evidence mandating for the close control of oxygen levels in cell culture models of hypoxia. First, we discuss the basic physical laws required for understanding the oxygen dynamics in vitro, most notably the limited diffusion through a liquid medium that hampers the oxygenation of cells in conventional cultures. We then summarize up-to-date knowledge of techniques that help standardize the culture environment in a replicable fashion by increasing oxygen delivery to the cells and measuring pericellular levels. We also discuss how these tools may be applied to model both constant and intermittent hypoxia in a physiologically relevant manner, considering known values of partial pressure of tissue normoxia and hypoxia in vivo, compared to conventional cultures incubated at rigid oxygen pressure. Attention is given to the potential influence of three-dimensional tissue cultures and hypercapnia management on these models. Finally, we discuss the implications of these concepts for cell cultures, which try to emulate tissue normoxia, and conclude that the maintenance of precise oxygen levels is important in any cell culture setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiri Pavlacky
- Department of Pathophysiology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
- Rare Diseases Research Unit, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jan Polak
- Department of Pathophysiology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
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97
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Bitar M, Barry G. Building a Human Brain for Research. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:22. [PMID: 32132903 PMCID: PMC7040093 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maina Bitar
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Guy Barry
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia.,The School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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98
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Khan AH, Cook JK, Wortmann WJ, Kersker ND, Rao A, Pojman JA, Melvin AT. Synthesis and characterization of thiol‐acrylate hydrogels using a base‐catalyzed Michael addition for 3D cell culture applications. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2020; 108:2294-2307. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anowar H. Khan
- Department of ChemistryLouisiana State University Baton Rouge Louisiana
| | - Jeffery K. Cook
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular EngineeringUniversity of California Berkeley California
| | - Wayne J. Wortmann
- Cain Department of Chemical EngineeringLouisiana State University Baton Rouge Louisiana
| | - Nathan D. Kersker
- Department of ChemistryLouisiana State University Baton Rouge Louisiana
| | - Asha Rao
- Cain Department of Chemical EngineeringLouisiana State University Baton Rouge Louisiana
| | - John A. Pojman
- Department of ChemistryLouisiana State University Baton Rouge Louisiana
| | - Adam T. Melvin
- Cain Department of Chemical EngineeringLouisiana State University Baton Rouge Louisiana
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99
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Espona-Noguera A, Ciriza J, Cañibano-Hernández A, Saenz Del Burgo L, Pedraz JL. Immobilization of INS1E Insulin-Producing Cells Within Injectable Alginate Hydrogels. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2100:395-405. [PMID: 31939138 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0215-7_26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Alginate has demonstrated high applicability as a matrix-forming biomaterial for cell immobilization due to its ability to make hydrogels combined with cells in a rapid and non-toxic manner in physiological conditions, while showing excellent biocompatibility, preserving immobilized cell viability and function. Moreover, depending on its application, alginate hydrogel physicochemical properties such as porosity, stiffness, gelation time, and injectability can be tuned. This technology has been applied to several cell types that are able to produce therapeutic factors. In particular, alginate has been the most commonly used material in pancreatic islet entrapment for type 1 diabetes mellitus treatment. This chapter compiles information regarding the alginate handling, and we describe the most important steps and recommendations to immobilize insulin-producing cells within a tuned injectable alginate hydrogel using a syringe-based mixing system, detailing how to assess the viability and the biological functionality of the embedded cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Espona-Noguera
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Jesús Ciriza
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Alberto Cañibano-Hernández
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Laura Saenz Del Burgo
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
| | - Jose Luis Pedraz
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
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100
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Song S, Amores D, Chen C, McConnell K, Oh B, Poon A, George PM. Controlling properties of human neural progenitor cells using 2D and 3D conductive polymer scaffolds. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19565. [PMID: 31863072 PMCID: PMC6925212 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56021-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neural progenitor cells (hNPCs) are a promising cell source for stem cell transplantation to treat neurological diseases such as stroke and peripheral nerve injuries. However, there have been limited studies investigating how the dimensionality of the physical and electrical microenvironment affects hNPC function. In this study, we report the fabrication of two- and three-dimensional (2D and 3D respectively) constructs composed of a conductive polymer to compare the effect of electrical stimulation of hydrogel-immobilized hNPCs. The physical dimension (2D vs 3D) of stimulating platforms alone changed the hNPCs gene expression related to cell proliferation and metabolic pathways. The addition of electrical stimulation was critical in upregulating gene expression of neurotrophic factors that are important in regulating cell survival, synaptic remodeling, and nerve regeneration. This study demonstrates that the applied electrical field controls hNPC properties depending on the physical nature of stimulating platforms and cellular metabolic states. The ability to control hNPC functions can be beneficial in understanding mechanistic changes related to electrical modulation and devising novel treatment methods for neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang Song
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Danielle Amores
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Cheng Chen
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kelly McConnell
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Byeongtaek Oh
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ada Poon
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Paul M George
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Stanford Stroke Center and Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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