51
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Potential coordination role between O-GlcNAcylation and epigenetics. Protein Cell 2017; 8:713-723. [PMID: 28488246 PMCID: PMC5636747 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-017-0416-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamic changes of the post-translational O-GlcNAc modification (O-GlcNAcylation) are controlled by O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) and the glycoside hydrolase O-GlcNAcase (OGA) in cells. O-GlcNAcylation often occurs on serine (Ser) and threonine (Thr) residues of the specific substrate proteins via the addition of O-GlcNAc group by OGT. It has been known that O-GlcNAcylation is not only involved in many fundamental cellular processes, but also plays an important role in cancer development through various mechanisms. Recently, accumulating data reveal that O-GlcNAcylation at histones or non-histone proteins can lead to the start of the subsequent biological processes, suggesting that O-GlcNAcylation as ‘protein code’ or ‘histone code’ may provide recognition platforms or executive instructions for subsequent recruitment of proteins to carry out the specific functions. In this review, we summarize the interaction of O-GlcNAcylation and epigenetic changes, introduce recent research findings that link crosstalk between O-GlcNAcylation and epigenetic changes, and speculate on the potential coordination role of O-GlcNAcylation with epigenetic changes in intracellular biological processes.
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52
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Spindle pole cohesion requires glycosylation-mediated localization of NuMA. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1474. [PMID: 28469279 PMCID: PMC5431095 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01614-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation is critical for the regulation of several cellular processes. One glycosylation pathway, the unusual O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine glycosylation (O-GlcNAcylation) has been shown to be required for proper mitosis, likely through a subset of proteins that are O-GlcNAcylated during metaphase. As lectins bind glycosylated proteins, we asked if specific lectins interact with mitotic O-GlcNAcylated proteins during metaphase to ensure correct cell division. Galectin-3, a small soluble lectin of the Galectin family, is an excellent candidate, as it has been previously described as a transient centrosomal component in interphase and mitotic epithelial cells. In addition, it has recently been shown to associate with basal bodies in motile cilia, where it stabilizes the microtubule-organizing center (MTOC). Using an experimental mouse model of chronic kidney disease and human epithelial cell lines, we investigate the role of Galectin-3 in dividing epithelial cells. Here we find that Galectin-3 is essential for metaphase where it associates with NuMA in an O-GlcNAcylation-dependent manner. We provide evidence that the NuMA-Galectin-3 interaction is important for mitotic spindle cohesion and for stable NuMA localization to the spindle pole, thus revealing that Galectin-3 is a novel contributor to epithelial mitotic progress.
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53
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The sweet side of the cell cycle. Biochem Soc Trans 2017; 45:313-322. [PMID: 28408472 DOI: 10.1042/bst20160145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cell division (mitosis) and gamete production (meiosis) are fundamental requirements for normal organismal development. The mammalian cell cycle is tightly regulated by different checkpoints ensuring complete and precise chromosomal segregation and duplication. In recent years, researchers have become increasingly interested in understanding how O-GlcNAc regulates the cell cycle. The O-GlcNAc post-translation modification is an O-glycosidic bond of a single β-N-acetylglucosamine sugar to serine/threonine residues of intracellular proteins. This modification is sensitive toward changes in nutrient levels in the cellular environment making O-GlcNAc a nutrient sensor capable of influencing cell growth and proliferation. Numerous studies have established that O-GlcNAcylation is essential in regulating mitosis and meiosis, while loss of O-GlcNAcylation is lethal in growing cells. Moreover, aberrant O-GlcNAcylation is linked with cancer and chromosomal segregation errors. In this review, we will discuss how O-GlcNAc controls different aspects of the cell cycle with a particular emphasis on mitosis and meiosis.
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54
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Lanza C, Tan EP, Zhang Z, Machacek M, Brinker AE, Azuma M, Slawson C. Reduced O-GlcNAcase expression promotes mitotic errors and spindle defects. Cell Cycle 2017; 15:1363-75. [PMID: 27070276 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2016.1167297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations in O-GlcNAc cycling, the addition and removal of O-GlcNAc, lead to mitotic defects and increased aneuploidy. Herein, we generated stable O-GlcNAcase (OGA, the enzyme that removes O-GlcNAc) knockdown HeLa cell lines and characterized the effect of the reduction in OGA activity on cell cycle progression. After release from G1/S, the OGA knockdown cells progressed normally through S phase but demonstrated mitotic exit defects. Cyclin A was increased in the knockdown cells while Cyclin B and D expression was reduced. Retinoblastoma protein (RB) phosphorylation was also increased in the knockdown compared to control. At M phase, the knockdown cells showed more compact spindle chromatids than control cells and had a greater percentage of cells with multipolar spindles. Furthermore, the timing of the inhibitory tyrosine phosphorylation of Cyclin Dependent Kinase 1 (CDK1) was altered in the OGA knockdown cells. Although expression and localization of the chromosomal passenger protein complex (CPC) was unchanged, histone H3 threonine 3 phosphorylation was decreased in one of the OGA knockdown cell lines. The Ewing Sarcoma Breakpoint Region 1 Protein (EWS) participates in organizing the CPC at the spindle and is a known substrate for O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT, the enzyme that adds O-GlcNAc). EWS O-GlcNAcylation was significantly increased in the OGA knockdown cells promoting uneven localization of the mitotic midzone. Our data suggests that O-GlcNAc cycling is an essential mechanism for proper mitotic signaling and spindle formation, and alterations in the rate of O-GlcNAc cycling produces aberrant spindles and promotes aneuploidy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Lanza
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City , KS , USA
| | - Ee Phie Tan
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City , KS , USA
| | - Zhen Zhang
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City , KS , USA
| | - Miranda Machacek
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City , KS , USA
| | - Amanda E Brinker
- b Department of Cancer Biology , University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City , KS , USA
| | - Mizuki Azuma
- c KU Cancer Center, University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City , KS , USA.,d Department of Molecular Biosciences , University of Kansas , Lawrence , KS , USA
| | - Chad Slawson
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City , KS , USA.,c KU Cancer Center, University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City , KS , USA.,e Institute for Reproductive Health and Regenerative Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City , KS , USA.,f KU Alzheimer Disease Center, University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City , KS , USA
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55
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Phoomak C, Vaeteewoottacharn K, Silsirivanit A, Saengboonmee C, Seubwai W, Sawanyawisuth K, Wongkham C, Wongkham S. High glucose levels boost the aggressiveness of highly metastatic cholangiocarcinoma cells via O-GlcNAcylation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43842. [PMID: 28262738 PMCID: PMC5338328 DOI: 10.1038/srep43842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased glucose utilization is a feature of cancer cells to support cell survival, proliferation, and metastasis. An association between diabetes mellitus and cancer progression was previously demonstrated in cancers including cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). This study was aimed to determine the effects of high glucose on protein O-GlcNAcylation and metastatic potentials of CCA cells. Two pairs each of the parental low metastatic and highly metastatic CCA sublines were cultured in normal (5.6 mM) or high (25 mM) glucose media. The migration and invasion abilities were determined and underlying mechanisms were explored. Results revealed that high glucose promoted migration and invasion of CCA cells that were more pronounced in the highly metastatic sublines. Concomitantly, high glucose increased global O-GlcNAcylated proteins, the expressions of vimentin, hexokinase, glucosamine-fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase (GFAT) and O-GlcNAc transferase of CCA cells. The glucose level that promoted migration/invasion was shown to be potentiated by the induction of GFAT, O-GlcNAcylation and an increase of O-GlcNAcylated vimentin and vimentin expression. Treatment with a GFAT inhibitor reduced global O-GlcNAcylated proteins, vimentin expression, and alleviated cell migration. Altogether, these results suggested the role of high glucose enhanced CCA metastasis via modulation of O-GlcNAcylation, through the expressions of GFAT and vimentin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chatchai Phoomak
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.,Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Kulthida Vaeteewoottacharn
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.,Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Atit Silsirivanit
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.,Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Charupong Saengboonmee
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.,Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Wunchana Seubwai
- Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.,Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Kanlayanee Sawanyawisuth
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.,Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Chaisiri Wongkham
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.,Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Sopit Wongkham
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.,Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
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56
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Becares N, Gage MC, Pineda-Torra I. Posttranslational Modifications of Lipid-Activated Nuclear Receptors: Focus on Metabolism. Endocrinology 2017; 158:213-225. [PMID: 27925773 PMCID: PMC5413085 DOI: 10.1210/en.2016-1577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) occur to nearly all proteins, are catalyzed by specific enzymes, and are subjected to tight regulation. They have been shown to be a powerful means by which the function of proteins can be modified, resulting in diverse effects. Technological advances such as the increased sensitivity of mass spectrometry-based techniques and availability of mutant animal models have enhanced our understanding of the complexities of their regulation and the effect they have on protein function. However, the role that PTMs have in a pathological context still remains unknown for the most part. PTMs enable the modulation of nuclear receptor function in a rapid and reversible manner in response to varied stimuli, thereby dramatically altering their activity in some cases. This review focuses on acetylation, phosphorylation, SUMOylation, and O-GlcNAcylation, which are the 4 most studied PTMs affecting lipid-regulated nuclear receptor biology, as well as on the implications of such modifications on metabolic pathways under homeostatic and pathological situations. Moreover, we review recent studies on the modulation of PTMs as therapeutic targets for metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Becares
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Medicine, University College of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew C Gage
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Medicine, University College of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Inés Pineda-Torra
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Medicine, University College of London, London, United Kingdom
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57
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Lee A, Miller D, Henry R, Paruchuri VDP, O'Meally RN, Boronina T, Cole RN, Zachara NE. Combined Antibody/Lectin Enrichment Identifies Extensive Changes in the O-GlcNAc Sub-proteome upon Oxidative Stress. J Proteome Res 2016; 15:4318-4336. [PMID: 27669760 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
O-Linked N-acetyl-β-d-glucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a dynamic post-translational modification that modifies and regulates over 3000 nuclear, cytoplasmic, and mitochondrial proteins. Upon exposure to stress and injury, cells and tissues increase the O-GlcNAc modification, or O-GlcNAcylation, of numerous proteins promoting the cellular stress response and thus survival. The aim of this study was to identify proteins that are differentially O-GlcNAcylated upon acute oxidative stress (H2O2) to provide insight into the mechanisms by which O-GlcNAc promotes survival. We achieved this goal by employing Stable Isotope Labeling of Amino Acids in Cell Culture (SILAC) and a novel "G5-lectibody" immunoprecipitation strategy that combines four O-GlcNAc-specific antibodies (CTD110.6, RL2, HGAC39, and HGAC85) and the lectin WGA. Using the G5-lectibody column in combination with basic reversed phase chromatography and C18 RPLC-MS/MS, 990 proteins were identified and quantified. Hundreds of proteins that were identified demonstrated increased (>250) or decreased (>110) association with the G5-lectibody column upon oxidative stress, of which we validated the O-GlcNAcylation status of 24 proteins. Analysis of proteins with altered glycosylation suggests that stress-induced changes in O-GlcNAcylation cluster into pathways known to regulate the cell's response to injury and include protein folding, transcriptional regulation, epigenetics, and proteins involved in RNA biogenesis. Together, these data suggest that stress-induced O-GlcNAcylation regulates numerous and diverse cellular pathways to promote cell and tissue survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Lee
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , 725 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205-2185, United States
| | - Devin Miller
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , 725 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205-2185, United States
| | - Roger Henry
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , 725 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205-2185, United States
| | - Venkata D P Paruchuri
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , 725 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205-2185, United States
| | - Robert N O'Meally
- Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , 733 North Broadway Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205-2185, United States
| | - Tatiana Boronina
- Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , 733 North Broadway Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205-2185, United States
| | - Robert N Cole
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , 725 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205-2185, United States.,Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , 733 North Broadway Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205-2185, United States
| | - Natasha E Zachara
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , 725 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205-2185, United States
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58
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Lund PJ, Elias JE, Davis MM. Global Analysis of O-GlcNAc Glycoproteins in Activated Human T Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:3086-3098. [PMID: 27655845 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1502031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
T cell activation in response to Ag is largely regulated by protein posttranslational modifications. Although phosphorylation has been extensively characterized in T cells, much less is known about the glycosylation of serine/threonine residues by O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc). Given that O-GlcNAc appears to regulate cell signaling pathways and protein activity similarly to phosphorylation, we performed a comprehensive analysis of O-GlcNAc during T cell activation to address the functional importance of this modification and to identify the modified proteins. Activation of T cells through the TCR resulted in a global elevation of O-GlcNAc levels and in the absence of O-GlcNAc, IL-2 production and proliferation were compromised. T cell activation also led to changes in the relative expression of O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) isoforms and accumulation of OGT at the immunological synapse of murine T cells. Using a glycoproteomics approach, we identified >200 O-GlcNAc proteins in human T cells. Many of the identified proteins had a functional relationship to RNA metabolism, and consistent with a connection between O-GlcNAc and RNA, inhibition of OGT impaired nascent RNA synthesis upon T cell activation. Overall, our studies provide a global analysis of O-GlcNAc dynamics during T cell activation and the first characterization, to our knowledge, of the O-GlcNAc glycoproteome in human T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peder J Lund
- Interdepartmental Program in Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Joshua E Elias
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Mark M Davis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305; .,Stanford Institute for Immunity, Transplantation, and Infection, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305; and.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
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59
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Lambert M, Richard E, Duban-Deweer S, Krzewinski F, Deracinois B, Dupont E, Bastide B, Cieniewski-Bernard C. O-GlcNAcylation is a key modulator of skeletal muscle sarcomeric morphometry associated to modulation of protein-protein interactions. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1860:2017-30. [PMID: 27301331 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The sarcomere structure of skeletal muscle is determined through multiple protein-protein interactions within an intricate sarcomeric cytoskeleton network. The molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of this sarcomeric organization, essential to muscle function, remain unclear. O-GlcNAcylation, a post-translational modification modifying several key structural proteins and previously described as a modulator of the contractile activity, was never considered to date in the sarcomeric organization. METHODS C2C12 skeletal myotubes were treated with Thiamet-G (OGA inhibitor) in order to increase the global O-GlcNAcylation level. RESULTS Our data clearly showed a modulation of the O-GlcNAc level more sensitive and dynamic in the myofilament-enriched fraction than total proteome. This fine O-GlcNAc level modulation was closely related to changes of the sarcomeric morphometry. Indeed, the dark-band and M-line widths increased, while the I-band width and the sarcomere length decreased according to the myofilament O-GlcNAc level. Some structural proteins of the sarcomere such as desmin, αB-crystallin, α-actinin, moesin and filamin-C have been identified within modulated protein complexes through O-GlcNAc level variations. Their interactions seemed to be changed, especially for desmin and αB-crystallin. CONCLUSIONS For the first time, our findings clearly demonstrate that O-GlcNAcylation, through dynamic regulations of the structural interactome, could be an important modulator of the sarcomeric structure and may provide new insights in the understanding of molecular mechanisms of neuromuscular diseases characterized by a disorganization of the sarcomeric structure. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE In the present study, we demonstrated a role of O-GlcNAcylation in the sarcomeric structure modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Lambert
- Univ.Lille, EA7369-URePSSS, Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Sport, Santé, Société, Equipe « Activité Physique, Muscle, Santé », F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Elodie Richard
- BiCeL (BioImaging Center of Lille - Campus Lille 1), Univ.Lille, FR3688 CNRS FRABio, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Sophie Duban-Deweer
- Laboratoire de la Barrière Hémato-Encéphalique (LBHE), EA2465, Université d'Artois, Faculté Jean Perrin, 62307 Lens, France
| | - Frederic Krzewinski
- PAGés (Plateforme d'Analyses des Glycoconjugués), Univ.Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576, UGSF, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Barbara Deracinois
- Univ.Lille, EA7369-URePSSS, Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Sport, Santé, Société, Equipe « Activité Physique, Muscle, Santé », F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Erwan Dupont
- Univ.Lille, EA7369-URePSSS, Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Sport, Santé, Société, Equipe « Activité Physique, Muscle, Santé », F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Bruno Bastide
- Univ.Lille, EA7369-URePSSS, Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Sport, Santé, Société, Equipe « Activité Physique, Muscle, Santé », F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Caroline Cieniewski-Bernard
- Univ.Lille, EA7369-URePSSS, Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Sport, Santé, Société, Equipe « Activité Physique, Muscle, Santé », F-59000 Lille, France.
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60
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Lefebvre
- a Université de Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576, UGSF, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle , Lille , France
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61
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Abstract
O-GlcNAc-ylation is the post-translational addition of an O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine to the serine and threonine residues of thousands of proteins in eukaryotic cells. Specifically, half of the thirty different types of protein components in the nuclear pore complex (NPC) are modified by O-GlcNAc, of which the majority are intrinsically disordered nucleoporins (Nups) containing multiple phenylalanine-glycine (FG) repeats. Moreover, these FG-Nups form a strict selectivity barrier with a high density of O-GlcNAc in the NPC to mediate bidirectional trafficking between the cytoplasm and nucleus. However, the roles that O-GlcNAc plays in the structure and function of the NPC remain obscure. In this review paper, we will discuss the current knowledge of O-GlcNAc-ylated Nups, highlight some new techniques used to probe O-GlcNAc's roles in the nuclear pore, and finally propose a new model for the effect of O-GlcNAc on the NPC's permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Ruba
- Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Weidong Yang
- Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
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62
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Tian J, Geng Q, Ding Y, Liao J, Dong MQ, Xu X, Li J. O-GlcNAcylation Antagonizes Phosphorylation of CDH1 (CDC20 Homologue 1). J Biol Chem 2016; 291:12136-44. [PMID: 27080259 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.717850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) orchestrates various aspects of the eukaryotic cell cycle. One of its co-activators, Cdh1, is subject to myriad post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation and ubiquitination. Herein we identify the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification that occurs on Cdh1. Cdh1 is O-GlcNAcylated in cultured cells and mouse brain extracts. Mass spectrometry identifies an O-GlcNAcylated peptide that neighbors a known phosphorylation site. Cell synchronization and mutation studies reveal that O-GlcNAcylation of Cdh1 may antagonize its phosphorylation. Our results thus reveal a pivotal role of O-GlcNAcylation in regulating APC/C activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Tian
- From the Beijing Key Laboratory of DNA Damage Response and College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China and
| | - Qizhi Geng
- From the Beijing Key Laboratory of DNA Damage Response and College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China and
| | - Yuehe Ding
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Ji Liao
- From the Beijing Key Laboratory of DNA Damage Response and College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China and
| | - Meng-Qiu Dong
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xingzhi Xu
- From the Beijing Key Laboratory of DNA Damage Response and College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China and
| | - Jing Li
- From the Beijing Key Laboratory of DNA Damage Response and College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China and
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63
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Baldini SF, Lefebvre T. O-GlcNAcylation and the Metabolic Shift in High-Proliferating Cells: All the Evidence Suggests that Sugars Dictate the Flux of Lipid Biogenesis in Tumor Processes. Front Oncol 2016; 6:6. [PMID: 26835421 PMCID: PMC4722119 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2016.00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells are characterized by their high capability to proliferate. This imposes an accelerated biosynthesis of membrane compounds to respond to the need for increasing the membrane surface of dividing cells and remodeling the structure of lipid microdomains. Recently, attention has been paid to the upregulation of O-GlcNAcylation processes observed in cancer cells. Although O-GlcNAcylation of lipogenic transcriptional regulators is described in the literature (e.g., FXR, LXR, ChREBP), little is known about the regulation of the enzymes that drive lipogenesis: acetyl co-enzyme A carboxylase and fatty acid synthase (FAS). The expression and catalytic activity of both FAS and O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) are high in cancer cells but the reciprocal regulation of the two enzymes remains unexplored. In this perspective, we collected data linking FAS and OGT and, in so doing, pave the way for the exploration of the intricate functions of these two actors that play a central role in tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffi F Baldini
- University Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576, UGSF, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle , Lille , France
| | - Tony Lefebvre
- University Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576, UGSF, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle , Lille , France
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64
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65
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Intracellular and extracellular O-linked N-acetylglucosamine in the nervous system. Exp Neurol 2015; 274:166-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2015.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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66
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Park JH, Lee JE, Moon PG, Baek MC. PUGNAc induces protein ubiquitination in C2C12 myotube cells. Cell Biochem Funct 2015; 33:525-33. [PMID: 26531776 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
O-linked β-N-acetylglucosaminylation (O-GlcNAcylation) regulates many cellular processes including the cell cycle, cell signaling, and protein trafficking. Dysregulation of O-GlcNAcylation may be involved in the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Therefore, it is necessary to identify cellular proteins that are induced by elevated O-GlcNAcylation. Here, using adenosine 5'-triphosphate affinity chromatography, we employed a proteomic approach in order to identify differentially expressed proteins in response to treatment with the O-GlcNAcase inhibitor, O-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-d-glucopyranosylidene)amino-N-phenylcarbamate (PUGNAc), in mouse C2C12 myotube cells. Among 205 selected genes, we identified 68 nucleotide-binding proteins, 14 proteins that have adenosinetriphosphatase activity, and 10 proteins with ligase activity. Upregulation of proteins, including ubiquitin-activating enzyme E1, proteasome subunit 20S, cullin-associated NEDD8-dissociated protein 1, ezrin, and downregulation of the protein nucleoside diphosphate kinase B, were confirmed by western blot analysis. In particular, we found that the protein ubiquitination level in C2C12 cells was increased by PUGNAc treatment. This is the first report of quantitative proteomic profiles of myotube cells after treatment with PUGNAc, and our results demonstrate the potential to enhance understanding of the relationship between insulin resistance, O-GlcNAc, and PUGNAc in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ja-Hye Park
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Cell and Matrix Research Institute, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Eun Lee
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Cell and Matrix Research Institute, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Pyong-Gon Moon
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Cell and Matrix Research Institute, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon-Chang Baek
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Cell and Matrix Research Institute, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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67
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Ramirez-Correa GA, Ma J, Slawson C, Zeidan Q, Lugo-Fagundo NS, Xu M, Shen X, Gao WD, Caceres V, Chakir K, DeVine L, Cole RN, Marchionni L, Paolocci N, Hart GW, Murphy AM. Removal of Abnormal Myofilament O-GlcNAcylation Restores Ca2+ Sensitivity in Diabetic Cardiac Muscle. Diabetes 2015; 64:3573-87. [PMID: 26109417 PMCID: PMC4587639 DOI: 10.2337/db14-1107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Contractile dysfunction and increased deposition of O-linked β-N-acetyl-d-glucosamine (O-GlcNAc) in cardiac proteins are a hallmark of the diabetic heart. However, whether and how this posttranslational alteration contributes to lower cardiac function remains unclear. Using a refined β-elimination/Michael addition with tandem mass tags (TMT)-labeling proteomic technique, we show that CpOGA, a bacterial analog of O-GlcNAcase (OGA) that cleaves O-GlcNAc in vivo, removes site-specific O-GlcNAcylation from myofilaments, restoring Ca(2+) sensitivity in streptozotocin (STZ) diabetic cardiac muscles. We report that in control rat hearts, O-GlcNAc and O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) are mainly localized at the Z-line, whereas OGA is at the A-band. Conversely, in diabetic hearts O-GlcNAc levels are increased and OGT and OGA delocalized. Consistent changes were found in human diabetic hearts. STZ diabetic hearts display increased physical interactions of OGA with α-actin, tropomyosin, and myosin light chain 1, along with reduced OGT and increased OGA activities. Our study is the first to reveal that specific removal of O-GlcNAcylation restores myofilament response to Ca(2+) in diabetic hearts and that altered O-GlcNAcylation is due to the subcellular redistribution of OGT and OGA rather than to changes in their overall activities. Thus, preventing sarcomeric OGT and OGA displacement represents a new possible strategy for treating diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genaro A Ramirez-Correa
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Junfeng Ma
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Chad Slawson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - Quira Zeidan
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Nahyr S Lugo-Fagundo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Mingguo Xu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Xiaoxu Shen
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Wei Dong Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Viviane Caceres
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Khalid Chakir
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Lauren DeVine
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Robert N Cole
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Luigi Marchionni
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Nazareno Paolocci
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Gerald W Hart
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Anne M Murphy
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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68
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Monitoring of Intracellular Tau Aggregation Regulated by OGA/OGT Inhibitors. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:20212-24. [PMID: 26343633 PMCID: PMC4613198 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160920212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal phosphorylation of tau has been considered as a key pathogenic mechanism inducing tau aggregation in multiple neurodegenerative disorders, collectively called tauopathies. Recent evidence showed that tau phosphorylation sites are protected with O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) in normal brain. In pathological condition, tau is de-glycosylated and becomes a substrate for kinases. Despite the importance of O-GlcNAcylation in tau pathology, O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), and an enzyme catalyzing O-GlcNAc to tau, has not been carefully investigated in the context of tau aggregation. Here, we investigated intracellular tau aggregation regulated by BZX2, an inhibitor of OGT. Upon the inhibition of OGT, tau phosphorylation increased 2.0-fold at Ser199 and 1.5-fold at Ser396, resulting in increased tau aggregation. Moreover, the BZX2 induced tau aggregation was efficiently reduced by the treatment of Thiamet G, an inhibitor of O-GlcNAcase (OGA). Our results demonstrated the protective role of OGT in tau aggregation and also suggest the counter-regulatory mechanism of OGA and OGT in tau pathology.
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69
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Purifying Cytokinetic Cells from an Asynchronous Population. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13230. [PMID: 26260981 PMCID: PMC4531312 DOI: 10.1038/srep13230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytokinesis is an intensively studied process by which the cell cytoplasm divides to produce two daughter cells. Like any other aspect of cell cycle research, the study of cytokinesis relies heavily on cell synchronization. However, the synchronization of cells during cytokinesis is challenging due to the rapid nature of this process and the shortage of cell cycle blocking agents specifically targeting this phase. Here, we demonstrate the use of standard flow cytometry for directly isolating cytokinetic cells from an asynchronous population of normally proliferating cells. This approach is based on a cell cycle marker whose temporal proteolysis, in combination with DNA quantification or cell size approximation, distinguishes cells undergoing cytokinesis. Furthermore, by avoiding doublet discrimination, typically used in flow cytometry analyses, we were able to further increase selectivity, specifically purifying cells at late cytokinesis. Our method circumvents checkpoint activation, cell cycle arrest, and any other means of pre-synchronization. These qualities, as demonstrated for both unattached and adherent cells, enable high selectivity for cytokinetic cells despite their overall low abundance in an asynchronous population. The sorted cells can then be readily used for cell biological, biochemical, and genomic applications to facilitate cytokinesis and cell cycle research.
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70
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Robert A, Rossow MJ, Hookway C, Adam SA, Gelfand VI. Vimentin filament precursors exchange subunits in an ATP-dependent manner. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:E3505-14. [PMID: 26109569 PMCID: PMC4500282 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1505303112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Intermediate filaments (IFs) are a component of the cytoskeleton capable of profound reorganization in response to specific physiological situations, such as differentiation, cell division, and motility. Various mechanisms were proposed to be responsible for this plasticity depending on the type of IF polymer and the biological context. For example, recent studies suggest that mature vimentin IFs (VIFs) undergo rearrangement by severing and reannealing, but direct subunit exchange within the filament plays little role in filament dynamics at steady state. Here, we studied the dynamics of subunit exchange in VIF precursors, called unit-length filaments (ULFs), formed by the lateral association of eight vimentin tetramers. To block vimentin assembly at the ULF stage, we used the Y117L vimentin mutant (vimentin(Y117L)). By tagging vimentin(Y117L) with a photoconvertible protein mEos3.2 and photoconverting ULFs in a limited area of the cytoplasm, we found that ULFs, unlike mature filaments, were highly dynamic. Subunit exchange among ULFs occurred within seconds and was limited by the diffusion of soluble subunits in the cytoplasm rather than by the association and dissociation of subunits from ULFs. Our data demonstrate that cells expressing vimentin(Y117L) contained a large pool of soluble vimentin tetramers that was in rapid equilibrium with ULFs. Furthermore, vimentin exchange in ULFs required ATP, and ATP depletion caused a dramatic reduction of the soluble tetramer pool. We believe that the dynamic exchange of subunits plays a role in the regulation of ULF assembly and the maintenance of a soluble vimentin pool during the reorganization of filament networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélie Robert
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Molly J Rossow
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Caroline Hookway
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Stephen A Adam
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Vladimir I Gelfand
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611
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71
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Abstract
Unlike the complex glycans decorating the cell surface, the O-linked β-N-acetyl glucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification is a simple intracellular Ser/Thr-linked monosaccharide that is important for disease-relevant signaling and enzyme regulation. O-GlcNAcylation requires uridine diphosphate-GlcNAc, a precursor responsive to nutrient status and other environmental cues. Alternative splicing of the genes encoding the O-GlcNAc cycling enzymes O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA) yields isoforms targeted to discrete sites in the nucleus, cytoplasm, and mitochondria. OGT and OGA also partner with cellular effectors and act in tandem with other posttranslational modifications. The enzymes of O-GlcNAc cycling act preferentially on intrinsically disordered domains of target proteins impacting transcription, metabolism, apoptosis, organelle biogenesis, and transport.
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72
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Vasanthakumar A, Godley LA. 5-hydroxymethylcytosine in cancer: significance in diagnosis and therapy. Cancer Genet 2015; 208:167-77. [PMID: 25892122 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2015.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Revised: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Emerging data have demonstrated that 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) and its oxidized products 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC), 5-formylcytosine (5-fC), and 5-carboxylcytosine (5-CaC) play unique roles in several biological processes, including the control of gene expression and in the pathogenesis of cancer. In this review, we focus on 5-hmC and the disruption of its distribution in several cancers, including hematological malignancies and solid tumors. We present an outline of how 5-hmC is closely associated with metabolic pathways and may be the missing link connecting epigenetics with metabolism in the context of cancer cells. Finally, we discuss the diagnostic and prognostic importance of 5-mC and 5-hmC patterning, and how we may be able to establish new paradigms in cancer therapy based on these alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Vasanthakumar
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lucy A Godley
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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73
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Tian J, Tian C, Ding Y, Li Z, Geng Q, Xiahou Z, Wang J, Hou W, Liao J, Dong MQ, Xu X, Li J. Aurora B-dependent phosphorylation of Ataxin-10 promotes the interaction between Ataxin-10 and Plk1 in cytokinesis. Sci Rep 2015; 5:8360. [PMID: 25666058 PMCID: PMC4322367 DOI: 10.1038/srep08360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 10 (SCA10) is an autosomal dominant neurologic disorder caused by ATTCT expansion in the ATXN10 gene. Previous investigations have identified that depletion of Ataxin-10, the gene product, leads to cellular apoptosis and cytokinesis failure. Herein we identify the mitotic kinase Aurora B as an Ataxin-10 interacting partner. Aurora B interacts with and phosphorylates Ataxin-10 at S12, as evidenced by in vitro kinase and mass spectrometry analysis. Both endogenous and S12-phosphorylated Ataxin-10 localizes to the midbody during cytokinesis, and cytokinetic defects induced by inhibition of ATXN10 expression is not rescued by the S12A mutant. Inhibition of Aurora B or expression of the S12A mutant renders reduced interaction between Ataxin-10 and polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1), a kinase previously identified to regulate Ataxin-10 in cytokinesis. Taken together, we propose a model that Aurora B phosphorylates Ataxin-10 at S12 to promote the interaction between Ataxin-10 and Plk1 in cytokinesis. These findings identify an Aurora B-dependent mechanism that implicates Ataxin-10 in cytokinesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Tian
- Beijing Key Laboratory of DNA Damage Response, College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Chuan Tian
- Beijing Key Laboratory of DNA Damage Response, College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yuehe Ding
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Zhe Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of DNA Damage Response, College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Qizhi Geng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of DNA Damage Response, College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Zhikai Xiahou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of DNA Damage Response, College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Jue Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of DNA Damage Response, College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Wenya Hou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of DNA Damage Response, College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Ji Liao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of DNA Damage Response, College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Meng-Qiu Dong
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xingzhi Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of DNA Damage Response, College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Jing Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of DNA Damage Response, College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
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74
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Vercoutter-Edouart AS, El Yazidi-Belkoura I, Guinez C, Baldini S, Leturcq M, Mortuaire M, Mir AM, Steenackers A, Dehennaut V, Pierce A, Lefebvre T. Detection and identification ofO-GlcNAcylated proteins by proteomic approaches. Proteomics 2015; 15:1039-50. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Revised: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Céline Guinez
- Unit of Structural and Functional Glycobiology; University of Lille 1; Villeneuve d'Ascq France
| | - Steffi Baldini
- Unit of Structural and Functional Glycobiology; University of Lille 1; Villeneuve d'Ascq France
| | - Maïté Leturcq
- Unit of Structural and Functional Glycobiology; University of Lille 1; Villeneuve d'Ascq France
| | - Marlène Mortuaire
- Unit of Structural and Functional Glycobiology; University of Lille 1; Villeneuve d'Ascq France
| | - Anne-Marie Mir
- Unit of Structural and Functional Glycobiology; University of Lille 1; Villeneuve d'Ascq France
| | - Agata Steenackers
- Unit of Structural and Functional Glycobiology; University of Lille 1; Villeneuve d'Ascq France
| | - Vanessa Dehennaut
- Unit of Structural and Functional Glycobiology; University of Lille 1; Villeneuve d'Ascq France
| | - Annick Pierce
- Unit of Structural and Functional Glycobiology; University of Lille 1; Villeneuve d'Ascq France
| | - Tony Lefebvre
- Unit of Structural and Functional Glycobiology; University of Lille 1; Villeneuve d'Ascq France
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75
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Cieniewski-Bernard C, Lambert M, Dupont E, Montel V, Stevens L, Bastide B. O-GlcNAcylation, contractile protein modifications and calcium affinity in skeletal muscle. Front Physiol 2014; 5:421. [PMID: 25400587 PMCID: PMC4214218 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
O-GlcNAcylation, a generally undermined atypical protein glycosylation process, is involved in a dynamic and highly regulated interplay with phosphorylation. Akin to phosphorylation, O-GlcNAcylation is also involved in the physiopathology of several acquired diseases, such as muscle insulin resistance or muscle atrophy. Recent data underline that the interplay between phosphorylation and O-GlcNAcylation acts as a modulator of skeletal muscle contractile activity. In particular, the O-GlcNAcylation level of the phosphoprotein myosin light chain 2 seems to be crucial in the modulation of the calcium activation properties, and should be responsible for changes in calcium properties observed in functional atrophy. Moreover, since several key structural proteins are O-GlcNAc-modified, and because of the localization of the enzymes involved in the O-GlcNAcylation/de-O-GlcNAcylation process to the nodal Z disk, a role of O-GlcNAcylation in the modulation of the sarcomeric structure should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthias Lambert
- Université Lille Lille, France ; EA4488, APMS, URePsss, Université de Lille 1 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Erwan Dupont
- Université Lille Lille, France ; EA4488, APMS, URePsss, Université de Lille 1 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Valérie Montel
- Université Lille Lille, France ; EA4488, APMS, URePsss, Université de Lille 1 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Laurence Stevens
- Université Lille Lille, France ; EA4488, APMS, URePsss, Université de Lille 1 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Bruno Bastide
- Université Lille Lille, France ; EA4488, APMS, URePsss, Université de Lille 1 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
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76
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Huang Y, Rao A. Connections between TET proteins and aberrant DNA modification in cancer. Trends Genet 2014; 30:464-74. [PMID: 25132561 PMCID: PMC4337960 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2014.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Revised: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
DNA methylation has been linked to aberrant silencing of tumor suppressor genes in cancer, and an imbalance in DNA methylation-demethylation cycles is intimately implicated in the onset and progression of tumors. Ten-eleven translocation (TET) proteins are Fe(II)- and 2-oxoglutarate (2OG)-dependent dioxygenases that successively oxidize 5-methylcytosine (5mC) to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), 5-formylcytosine (5fC), and 5-carboxylcytosine (5caC), thereby mediating active DNA demethylation. In this review, we focus on the pathophysiological role of TET proteins and 5hmC in cancer. We present an overview of loss-of-function mutations and abnormal expression and regulation of TET proteins in hematological malignancies and solid tumors, and discuss the potential prognostic value of assessing TET mutations and 5hmC levels in cancer patients. We also address the crosstalk between TET and two critical enzymes involved in cell metabolism: O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) and isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH). Lastly, we discuss the therapeutic potential of targeting TET proteins and aberrant DNA methylation in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Huang
- La Jolla Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Anjana Rao
- La Jolla Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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77
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O-GlcNAc transferase and O-GlcNAcase: achieving target substrate specificity. Amino Acids 2014; 46:2305-16. [PMID: 25173736 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-014-1827-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA) catalyze the dynamic cycling of intracellular, post-translational O-GlcNAc modification on thousands of Ser/Thr residues of cytosolic, nuclear, and mitochondrial signaling proteins. The identification of O-GlcNAc modified substrates has revealed a functionally diverse set of proteins, and the extent of O-GlcNAcylation fluctuates in response to nutrients and cellular stress. As a result, OGT and OGA are implicated in widespread, nutrient-responsive regulation of numerous signaling pathways and transcriptional programs. These enzymes are required for normal embryonic development and are dysregulated in metabolic and age-related disease states. While a recent surge of interest in the field has contributed to understanding the functional impacts of protein O-GlcNAcylation, little is known about the upstream mechanisms which modulate OGT and OGA substrate targeting. This review focuses on elements of enzyme structure among splice variants, post-translational modification, localization, and regulatory protein interactions which drive the specificity of OGT and OGA toward different subsets of the cellular proteome. Ongoing efforts in this rapidly advancing field are aimed at revealing mechanisms of OGT and OGA regulation to harness the potential therapeutic benefit of manipulating these enzymes' activities.
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78
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The potential role of O-GlcNAc modification in cancer epigenetics. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2014; 19:438-60. [PMID: 25141978 PMCID: PMC6275943 DOI: 10.2478/s11658-014-0204-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
There is no doubt that cancer is not only a genetic disease but that it can also occur due to epigenetic abnormalities. Diet and environmental factors can alter the scope of epigenetic regulation. The results of recent studies suggest that O-GlcNAcylation, which involves the addition of N-acetylglucosamine on the serine or threonine residues of proteins, may play a key role in the regulation of the epigenome in response to the metabolic status of the cell. Two enzymes are responsible for cyclic O-GlcNAcylation: O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), which catalyzes the addition of the GlcNAc moiety to target proteins; and O-GlcNAcase (OGA), which removes the sugar moiety from proteins. Aberrant expression of O-GlcNAc cycling enzymes, especially OGT, has been found in all studied human cancers. OGT can link the cellular metabolic state and the epigenetic status of cancer cells by interacting with and modifying many epigenetic factors, such as HCF-1, TET, mSin3A, HDAC, and BAP1. A growing body of evidence from animal model systems also suggests an important role for OGT in polycomb-dependent repression of genes activity. Moreover, O-GlcNAcylation may be a part of the histone code: O-GlcNAc residues are found on all core histones.
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79
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de Queiroz RM, Carvalho E, Dias WB. O-GlcNAcylation: The Sweet Side of the Cancer. Front Oncol 2014; 4:132. [PMID: 24918087 PMCID: PMC4042083 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2014.00132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
O-GlcNAcylation is an O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) moiety linked to the serine or threonine residues in proteins. O-GlcNAcylation is a dynamic post-translational modification involved in a wide range of biological processes and diseases such as cancer. This modification can increase and decrease the activity of enzymes as well as interfere with protein stability and interaction. The modulatory capacity of O-GlcNAcylation, as well as protein phosphorylation, is of paramount importance in the regulation of metabolism and intracellular signaling of tumor cells. Thus, understanding the regulation of O-GlcNAcylation in tumor cells and their difference compared to non-tumor cells may elucidate new mechanisms related to tumor generation and development, could provide a new marker to diagnosis and prognosis in patients with cancer and indicate a new target to cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela Muniz de Queiroz
- Laboratório de Glicobiologia Estrutural e Funcional, Centro de Ciências da Saúde - Bloco G, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - Erika Carvalho
- Instituto de Bioquimica Médica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - Wagner Barbosa Dias
- Laboratório de Glicobiologia Estrutural e Funcional, Centro de Ciências da Saúde - Bloco G, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
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80
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Singh JP, Zhang K, Wu J, Yang X. O-GlcNAc signaling in cancer metabolism and epigenetics. Cancer Lett 2014; 356:244-50. [PMID: 24769077 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Revised: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The covalent attachment of β-D-N-acetylglucosamine monosaccharides (O-GlcNAc) to serine/threonine residues of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins is a major regulatory mechanism in cell physiology. Aberrant O-GlcNAc modification of signaling proteins, metabolic enzymes, and transcriptional and epigenetic regulators has been implicated in cancer. Relentless growth of cancer cells requires metabolic reprogramming that is intertwined with changes in the epigenetic landscape. This review highlights the emerging role of protein O-GlcNAcylation at the interface of cancer metabolism and epigenetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay Prakash Singh
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06519, USA; Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Kaisi Zhang
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06519, USA; Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06519, USA; Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Jing Wu
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06519, USA; Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06519, USA; School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Xiaoyong Yang
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06519, USA; Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06519, USA; Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06519, USA.
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81
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Harwood KR, Hanover JA. Nutrient-driven O-GlcNAc cycling - think globally but act locally. J Cell Sci 2014; 127:1857-67. [PMID: 24762810 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.113233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Proper cellular functioning requires that cellular machinery behave in a spatiotemporally regulated manner in response to global changes in nutrient availability. Mounting evidence suggests that one way this is achieved is through the establishment of physically defined gradients of O-GlcNAcylation (O-linked addition of N-acetylglucosamine to serine and threonine residues) and O-GlcNAc turnover. Because O-GlcNAcylation levels are dependent on the nutrient-responsive hexosamine signaling pathway, this modification is uniquely poised to inform upon the nutritive state of an organism. The enzymes responsible for O-GlcNAc addition and removal are encoded by a single pair of genes: both the O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and the O-GlcNAcase (OGA, also known as MGEA5) genes are alternatively spliced, producing protein variants that are targeted to discrete cellular locations where they must selectively recognize hundreds of protein substrates. Recent reports suggest that in addition to their catalytic functions, OGT and OGA use their multifunctional domains to anchor O-GlcNAc cycling to discrete intracellular sites, thus allowing them to establish gradients of deacetylase, kinase and phosphatase signaling activities. The localized signaling gradients established by targeted O-GlcNAc cycling influence many important cellular processes, including lipid droplet remodeling, mitochondrial functioning, epigenetic control of gene expression and proteostasis. As such, the tethering of the enzymes of O-GlcNAc cycling appears to play a role in ensuring proper spatiotemporal responses to global alterations in nutrient supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katryn R Harwood
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD 20892-0851, USA
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82
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Xu Q, Yang C, Du Y, Chen Y, Liu H, Deng M, Zhang H, Zhang L, Liu T, Liu Q, Wang L, Lou Z, Pei H. AMPK regulates histone H2B O-GlcNAcylation. Nucleic Acids Res 2014; 42:5594-604. [PMID: 24692660 PMCID: PMC4027166 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gku236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone H2B O-GlcNAcylation is an important post-translational modification of chromatin during gene transcription. However, how this epigenetic modification is regulated remains unclear. Here we found that the energy-sensing adenosine-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) could suppress histone H2B O-GlcNAcylation. AMPK directly phosphorylates O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT). Although this phosphorylation does not regulate the enzymatic activity of OGT, it inhibits OGT-chromatin association, histone O-GlcNAcylation and gene transcription. Conversely, OGT also O-GlcNAcylates AMPK and positively regulates AMPK activity, creating a feedback loop. Taken together, these results reveal a crosstalk between the LKB1-AMPK and the hexosamine biosynthesis (HBP)-OGT pathways, which coordinate together for the sensing of nutrient state and regulation of gene transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuran Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Caihong Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yu Du
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Yali Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Hailong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Min Deng
- Division of Oncology Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Haoxing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China Division of Oncology Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Lei Zhang
- Division of Oncology Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Tongzheng Liu
- Division of Oncology Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Qingguang Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Liewei Wang
- Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Zhenkun Lou
- Division of Oncology Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Huadong Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
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83
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Snider NT, Omary MB. Post-translational modifications of intermediate filament proteins: mechanisms and functions. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2014; 15:163-77. [PMID: 24556839 PMCID: PMC4079540 DOI: 10.1038/nrm3753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 370] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Intermediate filaments (IFs) are cytoskeletal and nucleoskeletal structures that provide mechanical and stress-coping resilience to cells, contribute to subcellular and tissue-specific biological functions, and facilitate intracellular communication. IFs, including nuclear lamins and those in the cytoplasm (keratins, vimentin, desmin, neurofilaments and glial fibrillary acidic protein, among others), are functionally regulated by post-translational modifications (PTMs). Proteomic advances highlight the enormous complexity and regulatory potential of IF protein PTMs, which include phosphorylation, glycosylation, sumoylation, acetylation and prenylation, with novel modifications becoming increasingly appreciated. Future studies will need to characterize their on-off mechanisms, crosstalk and utility as biomarkers and targets for diseases involving the IF cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha T. Snider
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - M. Bishr Omary
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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84
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Cieniewski-Bernard C, Dupont E, Richard E, Bastide B. Phospho-GlcNAc modulation of slow MLC2 during soleus atrophy through a multienzymatic and sarcomeric complex. Pflugers Arch 2014; 466:2139-51. [DOI: 10.1007/s00424-014-1453-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Revised: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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85
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Chaiyawat P, Netsirisawan P, Svasti J, Champattanachai V. Aberrant O-GlcNAcylated Proteins: New Perspectives in Breast and Colorectal Cancer. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2014; 5:193. [PMID: 25426101 PMCID: PMC4227529 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2014.00193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing glucose consumption is thought to provide an evolutionary advantage to cancer cells. Alteration of glucose metabolism in cancer influences various important metabolic pathways including the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP), a relatively minor branch of glycolysis. Uridine diphosphate N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc), an end product of HBP, is a sugar substrate used for classical glycosylation and O-GlcNAcylation, a post-translational protein modification implicated in a wide range of effects on cellular functions. Emerging evidence reveals that certain cellular proteins are abnormally O-GlcNAc modified in many kinds of cancers, indicating O-GlcNAcylation is associated with malignancy. Since O-GlcNAc rapidly on and off modifies in a similar time scale as in phosphorylation and these modifications may occur on proteins at either on the same or adjacent sites, it suggests that both modifications can work to regulate the cellular signaling pathways. This review describes the metabolic shifts related to the HBP, which are commonly found in most cancers. It also describes O-GlcNAc modified proteins identified in primary breast and colorectal cancer, as well as in the related cancer cell lines. Moreover, we also discuss the potential use of aberrant O-GlcNAcylated proteins as novel biomarkers of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parunya Chaiyawat
- Applied Biological Sciences Program, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Jisnuson Svasti
- Applied Biological Sciences Program, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Bangkok, Thailand
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Voraratt Champattanachai
- Applied Biological Sciences Program, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Bangkok, Thailand
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok, Thailand
- *Correspondence: Voraratt Champattanachai, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Chulabhorn Research Institute, 54 Kamphaeng Phet 6, Laksi, Bangkok 10210, Thailand e-mail:
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86
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Rodriguez AC, Kohler JJ. Recognition of diazirine-modified O-GlcNAc by human O-GlcNAcase. MEDCHEMCOMM 2014; 5:1227-1234. [PMID: 25068034 DOI: 10.1039/c4md00164h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian O-GlcNAc hydrolase (OGA) removes O-GlcNAc from serine and threonine residues on intracellular glycoproteins. OGA activity is sensitive to N-acyl substitutions to O-GlcNAc, with alkyl diazirine-modified O-GlcNAc (O-GlcNDAz) being completely resistant to removal by OGA. Using homology modeling, we identified OGA residues proximal to the N-acyl position of O-GlcNAc substrate. Mutation of one of these residues, C215, results in mutant enzymes that are able to hydrolytically remove O-GlcNDAz from a model compound. Further, the C215A mutant is capable of removing O-GlcNDAz from a peptide substrate. These results can be used to improve metabolism of O-GlcNAc analogs in cells. In addition, the enzyme specificity studies reported here provide new insight into the active site of OGA, an important drug target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea C Rodriguez
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9038
| | - Jennifer J Kohler
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9038
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87
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Zhang Z, Tan EP, VandenHull NJ, Peterson KR, Slawson C. O-GlcNAcase Expression is Sensitive to Changes in O-GlcNAc Homeostasis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2014; 5:206. [PMID: 25520704 PMCID: PMC4249489 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2014.00206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a post-translational modification involving an attachment of a single β-N-acetylglucosamine moiety to serine or threonine residues in nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins. Cellular O-GlcNAc levels are regulated by two enzymes: O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA), which add and remove the modification, respectively. The levels of O-GlcNAc can rapidly change in response to fluctuations in the extracellular environment; however, O-GlcNAcylation returns to a baseline level quickly after stimulus removal. This process termed O-GlcNAc homeostasis appears to be critical to the regulation of many cellular functions including cell cycle progress, stress response, and gene transcription. Disruptions in O-GlcNAc homeostasis are proposed to lead to the development of diseases, such as cancer, diabetes, and Alzheimer's disease. O-GlcNAc homeostasis is correlated with the expression of OGT and OGA. We reason that alterations in O-GlcNAc levels affect OGA and OGT transcription. We treated several human cell lines with Thiamet-G (TMG, an OGA inhibitor) to increase overall O-GlcNAc levels resulting in decreased OGT protein expression and increased OGA protein expression. OGT transcript levels slightly declined with TMG treatment, but OGA transcript levels were significantly increased. Pretreating cells with protein translation inhibitor cycloheximide did not stabilize OGT or OGA protein expression in the presence of TMG; nor did TMG stabilize OGT and OGA mRNA levels when cells were treated with RNA transcription inhibitor actinomycin D. Finally, we performed RNA Polymerase II chromatin immunoprecipitation at the OGA promoter and found that RNA Pol II occupancy at the transcription start site was lower after prolonged TMG treatment. Together, these data suggest that OGA transcription was sensitive to changes in O-GlcNAc homeostasis and was potentially regulated by O-GlcNAc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Ee Phie Tan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Nicole J. VandenHull
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Kenneth R. Peterson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
- KUMC Cancer Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
- Institute for Reproductive Health and Regenerative Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Chad Slawson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
- KUMC Cancer Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
- Institute for Reproductive Health and Regenerative Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
- KU Alzheimer’s Disease Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
- *Correspondence: Chad Slawson, Laboratory of Slawson, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, MS3030, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA e-mail:
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88
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Dehennaut V, Leprince D, Lefebvre T. O-GlcNAcylation, an Epigenetic Mark. Focus on the Histone Code, TET Family Proteins, and Polycomb Group Proteins. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2014; 5:155. [PMID: 25309514 PMCID: PMC4176146 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2014.00155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
There are increasing evidences that dietary components and metabolic disorders affect gene expression through epigenetic mechanisms. These observations support the notion that epigenetic reprograming-linked nutrition is connected to the etiology of metabolic diseases and cancer. During the last 5 years, accumulating data revealed that the nutrient-sensing O-GlcNAc glycosylation (O-GlcNAcylation) may be pivotal in the modulation of chromatin remodeling and in the regulation of gene expression by being part of the "histone code," and by identifying OGT (O-GlcNAc transferase) as an interacting partner of the TET family proteins of DNA hydroxylases and as a member of the polycomb group proteins. Thus, it is suggested that O-GlcNAcylation is a post-translational modification that links nutrition to epigenetic. This review summarizes recent findings about the interplay between O-GlcNAcylation and the epigenome and enlightens the contribution of the glycosylation to epigenetic reprograming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Dehennaut
- Structural and Functional Glycobiology Unit, Lille 1 University, Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
- Institut de Biologie de Lille, Pasteur Institute of Lille, Université Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
| | - Dominique Leprince
- Institut de Biologie de Lille, Pasteur Institute of Lille, Université Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
| | - Tony Lefebvre
- Structural and Functional Glycobiology Unit, Lille 1 University, Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
- *Correspondence: Tony Lefebvre, CNRS-UMR 8576, Lille 1 University, cité scientifique, Bat C9, 59655 Vileneuve d’Ascq, France e-mail:
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89
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Yang YR, Suh PG. O-GlcNAcylation in cellular functions and human diseases. Adv Biol Regul 2013; 54:68-73. [PMID: 24184094 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2013.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
O-GlcNAcylation is dynamic and a ubiquitous post-translational modification. O-GlcNAcylated proteins influence fundamental functions of proteins such as protein-protein interactions, altering protein stability, and changing protein activity. Thus, aberrant regulation of O-GlcNAcylation contributes to the etiology of chronic diseases of aging, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, metabolic disorders, and Alzheimer's disease. Diverse cellular signaling systems are involved in pathogenesis of these diseases. O-GlcNAcylated proteins occur in many different tissues and cellular compartments and affect specific cell signaling. This review focuses on the O-GlcNAcylation in basic cellular functions and human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Ryoul Yang
- School of Nano-Biotechnology and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 689-798, Republic of Korea
| | - Pann-Ghill Suh
- School of Nano-Biotechnology and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 689-798, Republic of Korea.
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90
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Groves JA, Lee A, Yildirir G, Zachara NE. Dynamic O-GlcNAcylation and its roles in the cellular stress response and homeostasis. Cell Stress Chaperones 2013; 18:535-58. [PMID: 23620203 PMCID: PMC3745259 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-013-0426-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Revised: 03/29/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
O-linked N-acetyl-β-D-glucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a ubiquitous and dynamic post-translational modification known to modify over 3,000 nuclear, cytoplasmic, and mitochondrial eukaryotic proteins. Addition of O-GlcNAc to proteins is catalyzed by the O-GlcNAc transferase and is removed by a neutral-N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase (O-GlcNAcase). O-GlcNAc is thought to regulate proteins in a manner analogous to protein phosphorylation, and the cycling of this carbohydrate modification regulates many cellular functions such as the cellular stress response. Diverse forms of cellular stress and tissue injury result in enhanced O-GlcNAc modification, or O-GlcNAcylation, of numerous intracellular proteins. Stress-induced O-GlcNAcylation appears to promote cell/tissue survival by regulating a multitude of biological processes including: the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt pathway, heat shock protein expression, calcium homeostasis, levels of reactive oxygen species, ER stress, protein stability, mitochondrial dynamics, and inflammation. Here, we will discuss the regulation of these processes by O-GlcNAc and the impact of such regulation on survival in models of ischemia reperfusion injury and trauma hemorrhage. We will also discuss the misregulation of O-GlcNAc in diseases commonly associated with the stress response, namely Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Finally, we will highlight recent advancements in the tools and technologies used to study the O-GlcNAc modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A. Groves
- The Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 N. Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205-2185 USA
| | - Albert Lee
- The Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 N. Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205-2185 USA
| | - Gokben Yildirir
- The Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 N. Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205-2185 USA
| | - Natasha E. Zachara
- The Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 N. Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205-2185 USA
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91
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Tan EP, Caro S, Potnis A, Lanza C, Slawson C. O-linked N-acetylglucosamine cycling regulates mitotic spindle organization. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:27085-27099. [PMID: 23946484 PMCID: PMC3779708 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.470187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Any defects in the correct formation of the mitotic spindle will lead to chromosomal segregation errors, mitotic arrest, or aneuploidy. We demonstrate that O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc), a post-translational modification of serine and threonine residues in nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins, regulates spindle function. In O-GlcNAc transferase or O-GlcNAcase gain of function cells, the mitotic spindle is incorrectly assembled. Chromosome condensation and centrosome assembly is impaired in these cells. The disruption in spindle architecture is due to a reduction in histone H3 phosphorylation by Aurora kinase B. However, gain of function cells treated with the O-GlcNAcase inhibitor Thiamet-G restored the assembly of the spindle and partially rescued histone phosphorylation. Together, these data suggest that the coordinated addition and removal of O-GlcNAc, termed O-GlcNAc cycling, regulates mitotic spindle organization and provides a potential new perspective on how O-GlcNAc regulates cellular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ee Phie Tan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
| | - Sarah Caro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
| | - Anish Potnis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
| | | | - Chad Slawson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Department of KUMC Cancer Center; Institute for Reproductive Health and Regenerative Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 64108.
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92
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Tang C, Welty DF. A dynamic view to the modulation of phosphorylation and O-GlcNAcylation by inhibition of O-GlcNAcase. Comput Biol Chem 2013; 45:9-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2013.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Revised: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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93
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Ding F, Yu L, Wang M, Xu S, Xia Q, Fu G. O-GlcNAcylation involvement in high glucose-induced cardiac hypertrophy via ERK1/2 and cyclin D2. Amino Acids 2013; 45:339-49. [PMID: 23665912 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-013-1504-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2013] [Accepted: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Continuous hyperglycemia is considered to be the most significant pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy, which manifests as cardiac hypertrophy and subsequent heart failure. O-GlcNAcylation has attracted attention as a post-translational protein modification in the past decade. The role of O-GlcNAcylation in high glucose-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy remains unclear. We studied the effect of O-GlcNAcylation on neonatal rat cardiomyocytes that were exposed to high glucose and myocardium in diabetic rats induced by streptozocin. High glucose (30 mM) incubation induced a greater than twofold increase in cell size and increased hypertrophy marker gene expression accompanied by elevated O-GlcNAcylation protein levels. High glucose increased ERK1/2 but not p38 MAPK or JNK activity, and cyclin D2 expression was also increased. PUGNAc, an inhibitor of β-N-acetylglucosaminidase, enhanced O-GlcNAcylation and imitated the effects of high glucose. OGT siRNA and ERK1/2 inhibition with PD98059 treatment blunted the hypertrophic response and cyclin D2 upregulation. OGT inhibition also prevented ERK1/2 activation. We also observed concentric hypertrophy and similar changes of O-GlcNAcylation level, ERK1/2 activation and cyclin D2 expression in myocardium of diabetic rats induced by streptozocin. In conclusion, O-GlcNAcylation plays a role in high glucose-induced cardiac hypertrophy via ERK1/2 and cyclin D2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Ding
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China
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94
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Abstract
To maintain homeostasis under variable nutrient conditions, cells rapidly and robustly respond to fluctuations through adaptable signaling networks. Evidence suggests that the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) posttranslational modification of serine and threonine residues functions as a critical regulator of intracellular signaling cascades in response to nutrient changes. O-GlcNAc is a highly regulated, reversible modification poised to integrate metabolic signals and acts to influence many cellular processes, including cellular signaling, protein stability, and transcription. This review describes the role O-GlcNAc plays in governing both integrated cellular processes and the activity of individual proteins in response to nutrient levels. Moreover, we discuss the ways in which cellular changes in O-GlcNAc status may be linked to chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, neurodegeneration, and cancers, providing a unique window through which to identify and treat disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle R. Bond
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; ,
| | - John A. Hanover
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; ,
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Fardini Y, Dehennaut V, Lefebvre T, Issad T. O-GlcNAcylation: A New Cancer Hallmark? Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2013; 4:99. [PMID: 23964270 PMCID: PMC3740238 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2013.00099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
O-linked N-acetylglucosaminylation (O-GlcNAcylation) is a reversible post-translational modification consisting in the addition of a sugar moiety to serine/threonine residues of cytosolic or nuclear proteins. Catalyzed by O-GlcNAc-transferase (OGT) and removed by O-GlcNAcase, this dynamic modification is dependent on environmental glucose concentration. O-GlcNAcylation regulates the activities of a wide panel of proteins involved in almost all aspects of cell biology. As a nutrient sensor, O-GlcNAcylation can relay the effects of excessive nutritional intake, an important cancer risk factor, on protein activities and cellular functions. Indeed, O-GlcNAcylation has been shown to play a significant role in cancer development through different mechanisms. O-GlcNAcylation and OGT levels are increased in different cancers (breast, prostate, colon…) and vary during cell cycle progression. Modulating their expression or activity can alter cancer cell proliferation and/or invasion. Interestingly, major oncogenic factors have been shown to be directly O-GlcNAcylated (p53, MYC, NFκB, β-catenin…). Furthermore, chromatin dynamics is modulated by O-GlcNAc. DNA methylation enzymes of the Tet family, involved epigenetic alterations associated with cancer, were recently found to interact with and target OGT to multi-molecular chromatin-remodeling complexes. Consistently, histones are subjected to O-GlcNAc modifications which regulate their function. Increasing number of evidences point out the central involvement of O-GlcNAcylation in tumorigenesis, justifying the attention received as a potential new approach for cancer treatment. However, comprehension of the underlying mechanism remains at its beginnings. Future challenge will be to address directly the role of O-GlcNAc-modified residues in oncogenic-related proteins to eventually propose novel strategies to alter cancer development and/or progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Fardini
- Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, CNRS (UMR8104), Paris, France
- INSERM, U1016, Paris, France
| | - Vanessa Dehennaut
- CNRS/UMR 8576, Unit of Structural and Functional Glycobiology, Institut Fédératif de Recherche IFR 147, Lille 1 University, Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
| | - Tony Lefebvre
- CNRS/UMR 8576, Unit of Structural and Functional Glycobiology, Institut Fédératif de Recherche IFR 147, Lille 1 University, Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
| | - Tarik Issad
- Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, CNRS (UMR8104), Paris, France
- INSERM, U1016, Paris, France
- *Correspondence: Tarik Issad, Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Institut Cochin, 22 rue Méchain, 75014 Paris, France e-mail:
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96
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Olivier-Van Stichelen S, Drougat L, Dehennaut V, El Yazidi-Belkoura I, Guinez C, Mir AM, Michalski JC, Vercoutter-Edouart AS, Lefebvre T. Serum-stimulated cell cycle entry promotes ncOGT synthesis required for cyclin D expression. Oncogenesis 2012; 1:e36. [PMID: 23552487 PMCID: PMC3545199 DOI: 10.1038/oncsis.2012.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear and cytoplasmic O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) is a unique and universally expressed enzyme catalyzing O-GlcNAcylation of thousands of proteins. Although OGT interferes with many crucial intracellular processes, including cell cycle, only few studies have focused on elucidating the precise role of the glycosyltransferase during cell cycle entry. We first demonstrated that starved MCF7 cells reincubated with serum quickly induced a significant OGT increase concomitantly to activation of PI3K and MAPK pathways. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments performed upon serum stimulation showed a progressive interaction between OGT and β-catenin, a major factor in the regulation of cell cycle. OGT expression was also observed in starved HeLa cells reincubated with serum. In these cells, the O-GlcNAcylation status of the β-catenin-2XFLAG was increased following stimulation. Moreover, β-catenin-2XFLAG was heavily O-GlcNAcylated in exponentially proliferating HeLa cells when compared to confluent cells. Furthermore, blocking OGT activity using the potent inhibitor Ac-5SGlcNAc prevented serum-stimulated cyclin D1 synthesis and slightly delayed cell proliferation. At last, interfering with OGT expression (siOGT) blocked cyclin D1 expression and decreased PI3K and MAPK activation. Together, our data indicate that expression and catalytic activity of OGT are necessary and essential for G0/G1 transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Olivier-Van Stichelen
- CNRS-UMR 8576, Unit of Structural and Functional Glycobiology (UGSF), IFR 147, University of Lille 1, Cité Scientifique, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
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97
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Whelan SA, He J, Lu M, Souda P, Saxton RE, Faull KF, Whitelegge JP, Chang HR. Mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) identified proteomic biosignatures of breast cancer in proximal fluid. J Proteome Res 2012; 11:5034-45. [PMID: 22934887 PMCID: PMC3521600 DOI: 10.1021/pr300606e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
We have begun an early phase of biomarker discovery in three clinically important types of breast cancer using a panel of human cell lines: HER2 positive, hormone receptor positive and HER2 negative, and triple negative (HER2-, ER-, PR-). We identified and characterized the most abundant secreted, sloughed, or leaked proteins released into serum free media from these breast cancer cell lines using a combination of protein fractionation methods before LC-MS/MS mass spectrometry analysis. A total of 249 proteins were detected in the proximal fluid of 7 breast cancer cell lines. The expression of a selected group of high abundance and/or breast cancer-specific potential biomarkers including thromobospondin 1, galectin-3 binding protein, cathepsin D, vimentin, zinc-α2-glycoprotein, CD44, and EGFR from the breast cancer cell lines and in their culture media were further validated by Western blot analysis. Interestingly, mass spectrometry identified a cathepsin D protein single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) by alanine to valine replacement from the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. Comparison of each cell line media proteome displayed unique and consistent biosignatures regardless of the individual group classifications, demonstrating the potential for stratification of breast cancer. On the basis of the cell line media proteome, predictive Tree software was able to categorize each cell line as HER2 positive, HER2 negative, and hormone receptor positive and triple negative based on only two proteins, muscle fructose 1,6-bisphosphate aldolase and keratin 19. In addition, the predictive Tree software clearly identified MCF-7 cell line overexpresing the HER2 receptor with the SNP cathepsin D biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A. Whelan
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston Massachusetts
- Gonda/UCLA Breast Cancer Research Laboratory; David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
- Revlon/UCLA Breast Center, Department of Surgery; David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jianbo He
- Gonda/UCLA Breast Cancer Research Laboratory; David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
- Revlon/UCLA Breast Center, Department of Surgery; David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
| | - Ming Lu
- Gonda/UCLA Breast Cancer Research Laboratory; David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
- Revlon/UCLA Breast Center, Department of Surgery; David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
| | - Puneet Souda
- The Pasarow Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences and the Neuropsychiatric Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior; David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
| | - Romaine E. Saxton
- Division of Oncology, Department of Surgery; David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
| | - Kym F. Faull
- The Pasarow Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences and the Neuropsychiatric Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior; David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
| | - Julian P. Whitelegge
- The Pasarow Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences and the Neuropsychiatric Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior; David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
| | - Helena R. Chang
- Gonda/UCLA Breast Cancer Research Laboratory; David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
- Revlon/UCLA Breast Center, Department of Surgery; David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
- Division of Oncology, Department of Surgery; David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
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98
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Lima VV, Rigsby CS, Hardy DM, Webb RC, Tostes RC. O-GlcNAcylation: a novel post-translational mechanism to alter vascular cellular signaling in health and disease: focus on hypertension. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 3:374-87. [PMID: 20409980 DOI: 10.1016/j.jash.2009.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2009] [Revised: 09/26/2009] [Accepted: 09/28/2009] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
O-Linked attachment of beta-N-acetyl-glucosamine (O-GlcNAc) on serine and threonine residues of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins is a highly dynamic posttranslational modification that plays a key role in signal transduction pathways. Preliminary data show that O-GlcNAcylation may represent a key regulatory mechanism in the vasculature, modulating contractile and relaxant responses. Proteins with an important role in vascular function, such as endothelial nitric oxide synthase, sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase, protein kinase C, mitogen-activated protein kinases, and proteins involved in cytoskeleton regulation and microtubule assembly are targets for O-GlcNAcylation, indicating that this posttranslational modification may play an important role in vascular reactivity. Here, we will focus on a few specific pathways that contribute to vascular function and cardiovascular disease-associated vascular dysfunction, and the implications of their modification by O-GlcNAc. New chemical tools have been developed to detect and study O-GlcNAcylation, including inhibitors of O-GlcNAc enzymes, chemoenzymatic tagging methods, and quantitative proteomics strategies; these will also be briefly addressed. An exciting challenge in the future will be to better understand the cellular dynamics of this posttranslational modification, as well as the signaling pathways and mechanisms by which O-GlcNAc is regulated on specific proteins in the vasculature in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor V Lima
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
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99
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Izumiyama T, Minoshima S, Yoshida T, Shimizu N. A novel big protein TPRBK possessing 25 units of TPR motif is essential for the progress of mitosis and cytokinesis. Gene 2012; 511:202-17. [PMID: 23036704 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2012.09.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2012] [Revised: 09/07/2012] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Through the comprehensive analysis of the genomic DNA sequence of human chromosome 22, we identified a novel gene of 702 kb encoding a big protein of 2481 amino acid residues, and named it as TPRBK (TPR containing big gene cloned at Keio). A novel protein TPRBK possesses 25 units of the TPR motif, which has been known to associate with a diverse range of biological functions. Orthologous genes of human TPRBK were found widely in animal species, from insecta to mammal, but not found in plants, fungi and nematoda. Northern blotting and RT-PCR analyses revealed that TPRBK gene is expressed ubiquitously in the human and mouse fetal tissues and various cell lines of human, monkey and mouse. Immunofluorescent staining of the synchronized monkey COS-7 cells with several relevant antibodies indicated that TPRBK changes its subcellular localization during the cell cycle: at interphase TPRBK locates on the centrosomes, during mitosis it translocates from spindle poles to mitotic spindles then to spindle midzone, and through a period of cytokinesis it stays on the midbody. Co-immunoprecipitation assay and immunofluorescent staining with adequate antibodies revealed that TPRBK binds to Aurora B, and those proteins together translocate throughout mitosis and cytokinesis. Treatments of cells with two drugs (Blebbistatin and Y-27632), that are known to inhibit the contractility of actin-myosin, disturbed the proper intracellular localization of TPRBK. Moreover, the knockdown of TPRBK expression by small interfering RNA (siRNA) suppressed the bundling of spindle midzone microtubules and disrupted the midbody formation, arresting the cells at G(2)+M phase. These observations indicated that a novel big protein TPRBK is essential for the formation and integrity of the midbody, hence we postulated that TPRBK plays a critical role in the progress of mitosis and cytokinesis during mammalian cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Izumiyama
- Advanced Research Center for Genome Super Power, Keio University, Tsukuba, Japan
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100
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Drougat L, Olivier-Van Stichelen S, Mortuaire M, Foulquier F, Lacoste AS, Michalski JC, Lefebvre T, Vercoutter-Edouart AS. Characterization of O-GlcNAc cycling and proteomic identification of differentially O-GlcNAcylated proteins during G1/S transition. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2012; 1820:1839-48. [PMID: 22967762 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2012.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2012] [Revised: 08/21/2012] [Accepted: 08/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND DNA replication represents a critical step of the cell cycle which requires highly controlled and ordered regulatory mechanisms to ensure the integrity of genome duplication. Among a plethora of elements, post-translational modifications (PTMs) ensure the spatiotemporal regulation of pivotal proteins orchestrating cell division. Despite increasing evidences showing that O-GlcNAcylation regulates mitotic events, the impact of this PTM in the early steps of the cell cycle remains poorly understood. METHODS AND RESULTS Quiescent MCF7 cells were stimulated by serum mitogens and cell cycle progression was determined by flow cytometry. The levels of O-GlcNAc modified proteins, O-GlcNAc Transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA) were examined by Western blotting and OGA activity was measured during the progression of cells towards S phase. A global decrease in O-GlcNAcylation was observed at S phase entry, concomitantly to an increase in the activity of OGA. A combination of two-dimensional electrophoresis, Western blotting and mass spectrometry was then used to detect and identify cell cycle-dependent putative O-GlcNAcylated proteins. 58 cytoplasmic and nuclear proteins differentially O-GlcNAcylated through G1/S transition were identified and the O-GlcNAc variations of Cytokeratin 8, hnRNP K, Caprin-1, Minichromosome Maintenance proteins MCM3, MCM6 and MCM7 were validated by immunoprecipitation. CONCLUSIONS The dynamics of O-GlcNAc is regulated during G1/S transition and observed on key proteins involved in the cytoskeleton networks, mRNA processing, translation, protein folding and DNA replication. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Our results led us to propose that O-GlcNAcylation joins the PTMs that take part in the regulation of DNA replication initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludivine Drougat
- Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
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