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Li S, Cheng C, Lu L, Ma X, Zhang X, Li A, Chen J, Qian X, Gao X. Hearing Loss in Neurological Disorders. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:716300. [PMID: 34458270 PMCID: PMC8385440 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.716300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) affects approximately 466 million people worldwide, which is projected to reach 900 million by 2050. Its histological characteristics are lesions in cochlear hair cells, supporting cells, and auditory nerve endings. Neurological disorders cover a wide range of diseases affecting the nervous system, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), etc. Many studies have revealed that neurological disorders manifest with hearing loss, in addition to typical nervous symptoms. The prevalence, manifestations, and neuropathological mechanisms underlying vary among different diseases. In this review, we discuss the relevant literature, from clinical trials to research mice models, to provide an overview of auditory dysfunctions in the most common neurological disorders, particularly those associated with hearing loss, and to explain their underlying pathological and molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Li
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory), Nanjing, China
- Research Institute of Otolaryngology, Nanjing, China
| | - Cheng Cheng
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory), Nanjing, China
- Research Institute of Otolaryngology, Nanjing, China
| | - Ling Lu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory), Nanjing, China
- Research Institute of Otolaryngology, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaofeng Ma
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory), Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory), Nanjing, China
- Research Institute of Otolaryngology, Nanjing, China
| | - Ao Li
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory), Nanjing, China
- Research Institute of Otolaryngology, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory), Nanjing, China
- Research Institute of Otolaryngology, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoyun Qian
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory), Nanjing, China
- Research Institute of Otolaryngology, Nanjing, China
| | - Xia Gao
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory), Nanjing, China
- Research Institute of Otolaryngology, Nanjing, China
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García-Fonseca Á, Martin-Jimenez C, Barreto GE, Pachón AFA, González J. The Emerging Role of Long Non-Coding RNAs and MicroRNAs in Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Perspective of Machine Learning. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1132. [PMID: 34439798 PMCID: PMC8391852 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are characterized by progressive neuronal dysfunction and death of brain cells population. As the early manifestations of NDs are similar, their symptoms are difficult to distinguish, making the timely detection and discrimination of each neurodegenerative disorder a priority. Several investigations have revealed the importance of microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs in neurodevelopment, brain function, maturation, and neuronal activity, as well as its dysregulation involved in many types of neurological diseases. Therefore, the expression pattern of these molecules in the different NDs have gained significant attention to improve the diagnostic and treatment at earlier stages. In this sense, we gather the different microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs that have been reported as dysregulated in each disorder. Since there are a vast number of non-coding RNAs altered in NDs, some sort of synthesis, filtering and organization method should be applied to extract the most relevant information. Hence, machine learning is considered as an important tool for this purpose since it can classify expression profiles of non-coding RNAs between healthy and sick people. Therefore, we deepen in this branch of computer science, its different methods, and its meaningful application in the diagnosis of NDs from the dysregulated non-coding RNAs. In addition, we demonstrate the relevance of machine learning in NDs from the description of different investigations that showed an accuracy between 85% to 95% in the detection of the disease with this tool. All of these denote that artificial intelligence could be an excellent alternative to help the clinical diagnosis and facilitate the identification diseases in early stages based on non-coding RNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángela García-Fonseca
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia; (Á.G.-F.); (C.M.-J.); (A.F.A.P.)
| | - Cynthia Martin-Jimenez
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia; (Á.G.-F.); (C.M.-J.); (A.F.A.P.)
| | - George E. Barreto
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland;
| | - Andres Felipe Aristizábal Pachón
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia; (Á.G.-F.); (C.M.-J.); (A.F.A.P.)
| | - Janneth González
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia; (Á.G.-F.); (C.M.-J.); (A.F.A.P.)
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53
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Springate BA, Carvalho JO. Factor Structure of the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status in Huntington's Disease. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2021; 37:473-478. [PMID: 34331058 DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acab050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status is a commonly used neuropsychological screening tool that is useful in a Huntington's disease (HD) population given its relatively brief administration time and assessment of multiple cognitive domains. Although 5 index scores are calculated, this structure has not been universally supported in clinical samples, which have often found a two- and three-factor structure to be better fitting. This study explored the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status factor structure in a large HD sample, which has not been done to date. METHOD In total, 147 individuals with HD completed the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status. An exploratory factor analysis was conducted to explore the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status factor structure. RESULTS Consistent with the findings from a majority of other clinical samples investigated, our results revealed a better fitting two-factor structure (verbal and visual). CONCLUSION The traditional Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status index structure may not be valid in HD, which yields important clinical and research implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth A Springate
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Janessa O Carvalho
- Department of Psychology, Bridgewater State University, Bridgewater, MA, USA
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Grosso Jasutkar H, Yamamoto A. Do Changes in Synaptic Autophagy Underlie the Cognitive Impairments in Huntington's Disease? J Huntingtons Dis 2021; 10:227-238. [PMID: 33780373 PMCID: PMC8293641 DOI: 10.3233/jhd-200466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Although Huntington's disease (HD) is classically considered from the perspective of the motor syndrome, the cognitive changes in HD are prominent and often an early manifestation of disease. As such, investigating the underlying pathophysiology of cognitive changes may give insight into important and early neurodegenerative events. In this review, we first discuss evidence from both HD patients and animal models that cognitive changes correlate with early pathological changes at the synapse, an observation that is similarly made in other neurodegenerative conditions that primarily affect cognition. We then describe how autophagy plays a critical role supporting synaptic maintenance in the healthy brain, and how autophagy dysfunction in HD may thereby lead to impaired synaptic maintenance and thus early manifestations of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ai Yamamoto
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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Jacquemot C, Bachoud-Lévi AC. Striatum and language processing: Where do we stand? Cognition 2021; 213:104785. [PMID: 34059317 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2021.104785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
More than a century ago, Broca (1861), Wernicke (1874) and Lichteim (1885) laid the foundations for the first anatomo-functional model of language, secondarily enriched by Geschwind (1967), leading to the Broca-Wernicke-Lichteim-Geschwind model. This model included the frontal, parietal, and temporal cortices as well as a subcortical structure, which could be the striatum, whose nature and role have remained unclear. Although the emergence of language deficits in patients with striatal injury has challenged the cortical language models developed over the past 30 years, the integration of the striatum into language processing models remains rare. The main argument for not including the striatum in language processing is that the disorders observed in patients with striatal dysfunction may result from the striatal role in cognitive functions beyond language, and not from the impairment of language itself. Indeed, unraveling the role of the striatum and the frontal cortex, linked by the fronto-striatal pathway, is a challenge. Here, we first reviewed the studies that explored the link between striatal functions and the different levels of language (phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax, and lexico-semantics). We then looked at the language models, which included the striatum, and found that none of them captured the diversity of experimental data in this area. Finally, we propose an integrative anatomo-functional model of language processing combining traditional language processing levels and some "executive" functions, known to improve the efficiency and fluidity of language: control, working memory, and attention. We argue that within this integrative model, the striatum is a central node of a verbal executive network that regulates, monitors, and controls the allocations of limited cognitive resources (verbal working memory and verbal attention), whatever the language level. This model combines data from neurology, psycholinguistics, and cognitive science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Jacquemot
- Département d'Etudes Cognitives, École normale supérieure, PSL University, 75005 Paris, France; Inserm U955, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, Equipe E01 NeuroPsychologie Interventionnelle, 94000 Créteil, France; Université Paris-Est Créteil, Faculté de médecine, 94000 Créteil, France
| | - Anne-Catherine Bachoud-Lévi
- Département d'Etudes Cognitives, École normale supérieure, PSL University, 75005 Paris, France; Inserm U955, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, Equipe E01 NeuroPsychologie Interventionnelle, 94000 Créteil, France; Université Paris-Est Créteil, Faculté de médecine, 94000 Créteil, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, National Reference Center for Huntington's Disease, Neurology Department, Henri Mondor-Albert Chenevier Hospital, Créteil, France.
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Chen S, Liang T, Xue T, Xue S, Xue Q. Pridopidine for the Improvement of Motor Function in Patients With Huntington's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Front Neurol 2021; 12:658123. [PMID: 34054700 PMCID: PMC8159155 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.658123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Huntington's disease (HD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder. Generally, it is characterized by deficits in cognition, behavior, and movement. Recent studies have shown that pridopidine is a potential and effective drug candidate for the treatment of HD. In the present study, we performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pridopidine in HD. Methods: The MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, and Clinicaltrials.gov databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) which had that evaluated pridopidine therapy in HD patients. Results: We pooled data from 1,119 patients across four RCTs. Patients in the pridopidine group had a significantly lower Unified Huntington's Disease Rating Scale (UHDRS)-modified Motor Score (mMS) (MD −0.79, 95% CI = −1.46 to −0.11, p = 0.02) than those in the placebo group. Additionally, no differences were observed in the UHDRS-Total Motor Score (TMS) (MD −0.91. 95% CI = −2.03 to 0.21, p = 0.11) or adverse events (RR 1.06, 95% CI = 0.96 to 1.16, p = 0.24) in the pridopidine and placebo groups. In the subgroup analysis, the short-term (≤12 weeks) and long-term (>12 weeks) subgroups exhibited similar efficacy and safety with no statistical significance in TMS, mMS, or adverse events. However, TMS (MD −1.50, 95% CI = −2.87 to −0.12, p = 0.03) and mMS (MD −1.03, 95% CI = −1.87 to −0.19, p = 0.02) were observed to be improved significantly when the dosage of pridopidine ≥90 mg/day. Additionally, pridopidine (≥90 mg/day) increased total adverse events (RR 1.11, 95% CI = 1.00 to 1.22, p = 0.04) compared with placebo. On this basis, we analyzed the incidence of various adverse events when the dosage was ≥90 mg/day. Nonetheless, these results were within the acceptable threshold, although patients developed symptoms, such as nasopharyngitis and insomnia. Conclusion: Pridopidine improved mMS and had no statistical significance in association with TMS or adverse events. Pridopidine (≥90 mg/day) improved TMS and mMS but increased adverse events, such as nasopharyngitis and insomnia. More RCTs were expected to assess pridopidine in HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujun Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Tianyu Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Tao Xue
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Shouru Xue
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qun Xue
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Mitigating Effect of Lindera obtusiloba Blume Extract on Neuroinflammation in Microglial Cells and Scopolamine-Induced Amnesia in Mice. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26102870. [PMID: 34066108 PMCID: PMC8151320 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26102870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lindera obtusiloba Blume (family, Lauraceae), native to Northeast Asia, has been used traditionally in the treatment of trauma and neuralgia. In this study, we investigated the neuroinflammatory effect of methanol extract of L. obtusiloba stem (LOS-ME) in a scopolamine-induced amnesia model and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV2 microglia cells. LOS-ME downregulated the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, inflammatory cytokines, and inhibited the phosphorylation of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-ĸB) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in LPS-stimulated BV2 cells. Male C57/BL6 mice were orally administered 20 and 200 mg/kg of LOS-ME for one week, and 2 mg/kg of scopolamine was administered intraperitoneally on the 8th day. In vivo behavioral experiments (Y-maze and Morris water maze test) confirmed that LOS-ME alleviated cognitive impairments induced by scopolamine and the amount of iNOS expression decreased in the hippocampus of the mouse brain. Microglial hyper-activation was also reduced by LOS-ME pretreatment. These findings suggest that LOS-ME might have potential in the treatment for cognitive improvement by regulating neuroinflammation.
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Liu L, Zhang Y, Tang L, Zhong H, Danzeng D, Liang C, Liu S. The Neuroprotective Effect of Byu d Mar 25 in LPS-Induced Alzheimer's Disease Mice Model. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2021; 2021:8879014. [PMID: 33727946 PMCID: PMC7936888 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8879014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory factors play an important role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Byu d Mar 25 (BM25) has been suggested to have protective effects in the central nervous system. However, the effect of BM25 on AD has not been determined. This study aims to investigate the neuroprotective effect of BM25 in AD. A total of 40 AD model mice were randomly assigned to the following five groups (n = 8 per group): the AD + NS group, the AD + donepezil group, and three AD + BM25 groups treated with either 58.39 mg/kg (AD + BM25-L), 116.77 mg/kg (AD + BM25-M), or 233.54 mg/kg BM25 (AD + BM25-H). The Morris water maze test was performed to assess alterations in spatial learning and memory deficits. Nissl staining was performed to detect Nissl bodies and neuronal damage. The expression of IL-1β and TNF-α was evaluated by ELISA. The protein expression of P-P38, P38, P-IκBα, caspase 1, COX2, and iNOS was determined by western blotting. The expression of Aβ, p-Tau, and CD11b was measured by immunohistochemistry. The mRNA expression levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, COX2, and iNOS were measured by qRT-PCR. Spatial memory significantly improved in the AD + BM25-M and AD + BM25-H groups compared with the AD + NS group (p < 0.05). The expression of Aβ and p-Tau significantly decreased in the AD + BM25-M and AD + BM25-H groups (p < 0.05). The neuron density and hierarchy and number of pyramidal neurons significantly increased in the AD + BM25-M and AD + BM25-H groups (p < 0.05). In addition, the expression levels of CD11b, IL-1β, TNF-α, COX2, iNOS, caspase 1, p-IκBα, and p-P38 significantly decreased in the AD + BM25-M and AD + BM25-H groups (p < 0.05). In conclusion, our findings suggest that BM25 may exert anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects in AD model mice by suppressing the activity of microglia and inhibiting the phosphorylation of IκBα and p38 MAPK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Liu
- Medical College, Tibet University, Lhasa, Tibet 850000, China
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Woman and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yongcang Zhang
- Medical College, Tibet University, Lhasa, Tibet 850000, China
| | - Liang Tang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Institute of Neuroscience, Changsha Medical University, Changsha 410219, China
| | - Hua Zhong
- Department of Anatomy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Dunzhu Danzeng
- Medical College, Tibet University, Lhasa, Tibet 850000, China
| | - Cuiting Liang
- Medical College, Tibet University, Lhasa, Tibet 850000, China
| | - Shanling Liu
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Woman and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Sichuan 610041, China
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Mühlbäck A, Frank W, Klempířová O, Bezdíček O, Schmitt L, Hofstetter N, Landwehrmeyer GB, Klempíř J. Validation Study of a German Cognitive Battery for Huntington's Disease: Relationship Between Cognitive Performance, Functional Decline, and Disease Burden. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2021; 36:74-86. [PMID: 32613239 PMCID: PMC7809684 DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acaa038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Cognitive decline is a key characteristic of Huntington’s disease (HD). This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of a cognitive battery with six tests used by most HD research centers to assess cognitive impairment in HD. Method In total, 106 HD patients in different disease stages with more (HD-CD, N = 30) and less cognitive impairments (HD-NC, N = 70) and 100 healthy controls (NC) were matched by age, sex, and education and were examined using a standardized protocol including cognitive, motor, and functional assessments. Results One-way between-groups analysis of variance showed that controls performed significantly better than HD patients and that HD-NC significantly outperformed HD-CD patients in all cognitive tests (NC > HD-NC > HD-CD), with all Games-Howell post-hoc tests p < .001. Analyses using area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC) disclosed the diagnostic accuracy of all tests included in the battery to discriminate between NC and HD patients with AUC ranging from 0.809 to 0.862 (all p < .001) and between HD-CD and HD-NC patients with AUC ranging from 0.833 to 0.899 (all p < .001). In both analysis, Stroop Color Naming Test showed the highest discriminative potential. Additional analyses showed that cognitive deficits in all domains progressed with disease duration. Moreover, cognitive performance correlated with the severity of motor and functional impairment (all p < .001) and with the Disease Burden Score regardless of disease duration and age. Conclusion Our results indicate that the cognitive battery is a suitable tool for assessing cognitive impairment in HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alžbeta Mühlbäck
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Huntington Center South, kbo-Isar-Amper-Klinikum, Taufkirchen (Vils), Germany.,Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Wiebke Frank
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Olga Klempířová
- Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Bezdíček
- Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lena Schmitt
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Huntington Center South, kbo-Isar-Amper-Klinikum, Taufkirchen (Vils), Germany
| | - Nina Hofstetter
- Department of Interdisciplinary Pain Therapy, Day Clinic, Klinikum Erding, Erding, Germany
| | | | - Jiří Klempíř
- Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
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Lin CE, Lee MS, Kao SY, Chung CH, Chen LF, Chou PH, Lee JF, Chien WC. Association between concurrent antidepressant and hypnotic treatment and the risk of dementia: A nationwide cohort study. J Affect Disord 2020; 277:549-558. [PMID: 32891061 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the risk of dementia among subgroups of patients receiving concurrent antidepressant and hypnotic treatment, antidepressants alone, and hypnotics alone. METHODS Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to determine the effects of antidepressants and hypnotics on dementia risk after adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS Compared with the reference group, patients receiving concurrent antidepressant and hypnotic treatment had the highest adjusted hazard ratio (aHR: 2.390, 95% CI: 2.224-2.536; P < 0.001) for all-cause dementia, followed by those receiving antidepressants alone (aHR: 1.919, 95% CI: 1.811-2.012; P < 0.001) and hypnotics alone (aHR: 1.458, 95% CI: 1.397-1.527; P < 0.001). With regard to dementia subtypes, trends similar to those for all-cause dementia were observed for Alzheimer's dementia, vascular dementia and other types of dementia. The sensitivity analysis conducted also found the robustness of findings. Notably, inconsistent findings were observed in subgroup with depression, revealing a null association between concurrent antidepressant and hypnotic treatment (aHR: 0.496; 95% CI: 0.183-1.343; P = 0.175) or hypnotics alone (aHR: 2.750; 95% CI: 0.797-9.482; P = 0.102) and the risk of dementia, and a negative association between antidepressants alone (aHR: 0.351; 95% CI: 0.130-0.942; P = 0.032) and the risk of dementia. CONCLUSION A null or negative association was observed between concurrent antidepressant and hypnotic treatment, antidepressants alone, hypnotics alone, and the dementia risk in the subgroup of patients with depression, suggesting the absence of an association between dementia risk and antidepressants alone or hypnotics alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-En Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taipei, Taiwan (ROC); School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan (ROC); Graduate Institute of Life Science, National Defense Medical center, Taipei, Taiwan (ROC)
| | - Meei-Shyuan Lee
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Centre, Taipei, Taiwan (ROC); Graduate Institute of Life Science, National Defense Medical center, Taipei, Taiwan (ROC)
| | - Sen-Yeong Kao
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Centre, Taipei, Taiwan (ROC); Graduate Institute of Life Science, National Defense Medical center, Taipei, Taiwan (ROC)
| | - Chi-Hsiang Chung
- Department of Medical Research, Tri-Service General Hospital, Number 325, Section 2, Chenggong Road, Neihu District, Taipei 11490, Taiwan (ROC); School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Centre, Taipei, Taiwan (ROC)
| | - Li-Fen Chen
- School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Centre, Taipei, Taiwan (ROC); Department of Psychiatry, Hualien Armed Forces General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan (ROC)
| | - Po-Han Chou
- Department of Psychiatry, China Medical University Hsinchu Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan (ROC); Department of Psychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan (ROC); Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan; Biological Optimal Imaging Lab, Department of Photonics, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan (ROC)
| | - Jia-Fu Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taipei, Taiwan (ROC); School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan (ROC)
| | - Wu-Chien Chien
- Department of Medical Research, Tri-Service General Hospital, Number 325, Section 2, Chenggong Road, Neihu District, Taipei 11490, Taiwan (ROC); School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Centre, Taipei, Taiwan (ROC); Graduate Institute of Life Science, National Defense Medical center, Taipei, Taiwan (ROC).
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Sun X, Zhu J, Sun XY, Ji M, Yu XL, Liu RT. Ellagic acid rescues motor and cognitive deficits in the R6/2 mouse model of Huntington's disease by lowering mutant huntingtin protein. Food Funct 2020; 11:1334-1348. [PMID: 32043503 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo02131k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a genetic neurodegenerative disorder caused by a highly polymorphic CAG trinucleotide repeat expansion encoding an extended polyglutamine (polyQ) tract at the N-terminus of huntingtin protein (HTT). The polyQ tract promotes the formation of toxic oligomers and aggregates of HTT, which leads to neuronal dysfunction and death. Therapies to lower mutant HTT (mHTT) and its aggregates appear to be the most promising strategies. Ellagic acid (EA) has been marketed as a dietary supplement with various claimed benefits and neuroprotective effects on several neurodegenerative disorders, while its effect on mHTT pathology is still unknown. Here we reported that EA significantly attenuated motor and cognitive deficits in R6/2 mice. Moreover, EA significantly lowered mHTT levels, reduced neuroinflammation, rescued synapse loss, and decreased oxidative stress in R6/2 mouse brains. These findings indicated that EA has promising therapeutic potential for HD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
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Olivetti Belardinelli M, Hünefeldt T, Meloni R, Squitieri F, Maffi S, Migliore S. Abnormal visual scanning and impaired mental state recognition in pre-manifest Huntington disease. Exp Brain Res 2020; 239:141-150. [PMID: 33130907 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-020-05957-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a genetic neurodegenerative disorder that affects not only the motor but also the cognitive and the neuropsychiatric domain. In particular, deficits in mental state recognition may emerge already at early pre-manifest stages of the disease. The aim of this research was to explore the relation between visual scanning behavior and complex mental state recognition in individuals with pre-manifest HD (preHD). Eighteen preHD and eighteen age- and gender-matched healthy controls took the revised "Reading the Mind in the Eyes" test while their eye-movements were tracked. In addition to the expected deficits in mental state recognition, preHD showed abnormalities concerning all three scanning variables we considered, namely the absolute number of fixations (FC), the average fixation duration (AFD), and the percentage of time spent fixating (FTR). In preHD, FC and FTR but not AFD predicted mental state recognition over and beyond general disease-related declines in cognition and motor functioning. Notably, preHD showed abnormal vertical and horizontal fixation patterns, and these patterns predicted mental state recognition, suggesting the involvement of mechanisms related to the embodied processing of emotional stimuli. Overall, our results suggest that impaired facial mental state recognition in pre-manifest HD is partly due to emotional-motivational factors affecting the visual scanning of facial expressions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ferdinando Squitieri
- Huntington and Rare Diseases Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo Della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Sabrina Maffi
- Huntington and Rare Diseases Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo Della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Simone Migliore
- Huntington and Rare Diseases Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo Della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
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Xie N, Zhang L, Gao W, Huang C, Huber PE, Zhou X, Li C, Shen G, Zou B. NAD + metabolism: pathophysiologic mechanisms and therapeutic potential. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:227. [PMID: 33028824 PMCID: PMC7539288 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00311-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 360] [Impact Index Per Article: 90.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) and its metabolites function as critical regulators to maintain physiologic processes, enabling the plastic cells to adapt to environmental changes including nutrient perturbation, genotoxic factors, circadian disorder, infection, inflammation and xenobiotics. These effects are mainly achieved by the driving effect of NAD+ on metabolic pathways as enzyme cofactors transferring hydrogen in oxidation-reduction reactions. Besides, multiple NAD+-dependent enzymes are involved in physiology either by post-synthesis chemical modification of DNA, RNA and proteins, or releasing second messenger cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR) and NAADP+. Prolonged disequilibrium of NAD+ metabolism disturbs the physiological functions, resulting in diseases including metabolic diseases, cancer, aging and neurodegeneration disorder. In this review, we summarize recent advances in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of NAD+-regulated physiological responses to stresses, the contribution of NAD+ deficiency to various diseases via manipulating cellular communication networks and the potential new avenues for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Wei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Canhua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611137, China
| | - Peter Ernst Huber
- CCU Molecular and Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center; Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Xiaobo Zhou
- First Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Changlong Li
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Guobo Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Bingwen Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China.
- CCU Molecular and Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center; Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Department of Thoracic Oncology and Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Lesinskienė S, Rojaka D, Praninskienė R, Morkūnienė A, Matulevičienė A, Utkus A. Juvenile Huntington's disease: two case reports and a review of the literature. J Med Case Rep 2020; 14:173. [PMID: 32998776 PMCID: PMC7528384 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-020-02494-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Huntington’s disease is a rare, autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disease characterized by motor, cognitive, and psychiatric symptoms. Usually, the disease symptoms first appear around the age of 40, but in 5–10% of cases, they manifest before the age of 21. This is then referred to as juvenile Huntington’s disease. According to the small number of cases reported in the literature, the course of juvenile Huntington’s disease significantly differs from adult onset and shows significant interpatient variability, making every case unique. Case presentation Our study aims to highlight the complexity and diversity of rare juvenile Huntington’s disease. We report cases of two Caucasian patients with chronic tics referred to the Huntington’s Disease Competence Center of Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos with suspicion of juvenile Huntington’s disease due to the appearance of chronic motor tics, and behavior problems. The diagnosis of juvenile Huntington’s disease was confirmed on both clinical and genetic grounds. In both cases described, the patients developed symptoms in all three main groups: motor, cognitive, and psychiatric. However, the first patient was experiencing more severe psychiatric symptoms; in the second case, motor symptoms (rigidity, tremor) were more prominent. In both cases, apathy was one of the first symptoms and affected patients’ motivation to participate in treatment actively. These two case descriptions serve as an important message for clinicians seeing patients with chronic tics and gradually worsening mood and behavior, indicating the need to investigate them for rare genetic disorders. Conclusions Description of these two clinical cases of juvenile Huntington’s disease provides insight into how differently it manifests and progresses in young patients and the difficulties the patients and their families face. There were different but painful ways for families to accept the diagnosis. Because the disease inevitably affects the patient’s closest ones, it is crucial to also provide adequate psychological and social support to all the family members. Establishment of multidisciplinary specialist centers for Huntington’s disease, as demonstrated by our experience, not only allows timely diagnosis and treatment plans but also ensures thorough disease management and care for patients and systematic support for their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigita Lesinskienė
- Clinic of Psychiatry, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, M.K. Čiurlionio 21/27, LT-03101, Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Darja Rojaka
- Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Rūta Praninskienė
- Clinic of Children's Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Aušra Morkūnienė
- Centre for Medical Genetics, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, Member of the European Reference Network for Rare Neurological Diseases, Vilnius, Lithuania.,Department of Human and Medical Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Aušra Matulevičienė
- Centre for Medical Genetics, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, Member of the European Reference Network for Rare Neurological Diseases, Vilnius, Lithuania.,Department of Human and Medical Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Algirdas Utkus
- Department of Human and Medical Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
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Leppla I, Fishman D, Kalra I, Oldham MA. Clinical Approach to Personality Change Due to Another Medical Condition. PSYCHOSOMATICS 2020; 62:S0033-3182(20)30237-1. [PMID: 34756407 DOI: 10.1016/j.psym.2020.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medical personality change (MPC) is a codable diagnosis (i.e., F07.0) that deserves consideration when a patient is inexplicably no longer "acting like him/herself." Its presentation ranges from subtle to severe and is often characterized by bafflingly poor judgment and impairment in several aspects of a person's life. Despite the global impact that MPC can have on a patient's functioning, occupation, and relationships, this condition receives far less clinical consideration than better known syndromes such as depression or anxiety and is often likely incorrectly formulated as such. OBJECTIVE/METHODS This article provides a clinically focused review of MPC. We review its clinical assessment followed by a review of its subtypes, which we have categorized to reflect the behavioral correlates of known frontotemporal-subcortical circuits. These include the apathetic type (ventromedial prefrontal cortex), the labile and disinhibited types (orbitofrontal cortex), and the aggressive and paranoid types (medial temporal lobes). RESULTS For each of these 3 categories, we describe the clinical presentation and review management strategies. For each category, we focus on 3 common causes for MPC-traumatic brain injury, Huntington disease, and brain tumors-which we have selected because clinical features of MPC due to these conditions generalize to many other etiologies of MPC. CONCLUSIONS MPC warrants clinical attention for the range of dysfunction and distress it can cause. It also deserves further scientific study to better characterize its phenotypes, to tailor instruments for its clinical assessment, and to identify effective treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idris Leppla
- Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
| | - Daniel Fishman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Inder Kalra
- Albert Einstein Healthcare Network, Neuromental Health Clinic 2W, Moss Rehabilitation Center, Elkins Park, PA
| | - Mark A Oldham
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY
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Martinez-Horta S, Sampedro F, Horta-Barba A, Perez-Perez J, Pagonabarraga J, Gomez-Anson B, Kulisevsky J. Structural brain correlates of dementia in Huntington's disease. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2020; 28:102415. [PMID: 32979842 PMCID: PMC7519361 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Dementia may occur in the early stages of HD and with independence of disease burden. More severe posterior-cortical atrophy is associated with dementia in HD. Neuropsychological alterations of dementia in HD extends beyond executive dysfunction. CAG-independent neuropathological mechanisms may contribute to dementia in HD.
Background Huntington’s disease (HD) is a fatal genetic neurodegenerative disorder with no effective treatment currently available. Progressive basal ganglia and whole-brain atrophy and concurrent cognitive deterioration are prototypical aspects of HD. However, the specific patterns of brain atrophy underlying cognitive impairment of different severity in HD are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the specific structural brain correlates of major cognitive deficits in HD and to explore its association with neuropsychological indicators. Participants Thirty-five symptomatic early-to-mild HD patients and 15 healthy controls (HC) with available T1-MRI imaging were included in this study. Methods In this cross-sectional study, HD patients were classified as patients with (HD-Dem) and without (HD-ND) major cognitive impairment in the range of dementia. This classification was based on previously validated PD-CRS cutoff scores for HD. Differences in brain atrophy across groups were studied by means of grey-matter volume voxel-based morphometry (GMV-VBM) and cortical thickness (Cth). Voxelwise and vertexwise general linear models were used to assess the group comparisons, controlling for the effects of age, sex, education, CAG repeat length and severity of motor symptoms. Clusters surviving p < 0.05 and family-wise error (FWE) correction were considered statistically significant. In order to characterize the impact on cognitive performance of the observed brain differences across groups, GMV and Cth values in the set of significant regions were computed and correlated with specific neuropsychological tests. Results All groups had similar sociodemographic profiles, and the HD groups did not significantly differ in terms of CAG repeat length. Compared to HC, both HD groups exhibited significant atrophy in multiple subcortical and parietal brain regions. However, compared to HC and HD-ND groups, HD-Dem patients showed a more prominent pattern of reduced GMV and cortical thinning. Importantly, this thinning was restricted to regions of the parietal-temporal and occipital cortices. Furthermore, these brain alterations were further associated with poorer cognitive performance in tasks assessing frontal-executive and attention domains as well as memory, language and constructional abilities. Conclusions Major cognitive impairment in the range of dementia in HD is associated with brain and cognitive alterations exceeding the prototypical frontal-executive deficits commonly recognized in HD. The observed posterior-cortical damage identified by MRI and its association with memory, language, and visuoconstructive dysfunction suggest a strong involvement of extra-striatal atrophy in the onset of severe cognitive dysfunction in HD patients. Critically, major cognitive impairment in this sample was not associated with CAG repeat length, age or education. This finding could support a possible involvement of additional neuropathological mechanisms aggravating cognitive deterioration in HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saul Martinez-Horta
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Institute (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Spain; Autonomous University of Barcelona, Department of Medicine, Spain; European Huntington's Disease Network (EHDN), Spain
| | - Frederic Sampedro
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Institute (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Spain
| | - Andrea Horta-Barba
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Institute (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Spain; European Huntington's Disease Network (EHDN), Spain
| | - Jesús Perez-Perez
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Institute (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Spain; Autonomous University of Barcelona, Department of Medicine, Spain; European Huntington's Disease Network (EHDN), Spain
| | - Javier Pagonabarraga
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Institute (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Spain; Autonomous University of Barcelona, Department of Medicine, Spain; European Huntington's Disease Network (EHDN), Spain
| | - Beatriz Gomez-Anson
- Neuroradiology, Radiology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaime Kulisevsky
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Institute (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Spain; Autonomous University of Barcelona, Department of Medicine, Spain; European Huntington's Disease Network (EHDN), Spain.
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67
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Flores-Dorantes MT, Díaz-López YE, Gutiérrez-Aguilar R. Environment and Gene Association With Obesity and Their Impact on Neurodegenerative and Neurodevelopmental Diseases. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:863. [PMID: 32982666 PMCID: PMC7483585 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a multifactorial disease in which environmental conditions and several genes play an important role in the development of this disease. Obesity is associated with neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer, Parkinson, and Huntington diseases) and with neurodevelopmental diseases (autism disorder, schizophrenia, and fragile X syndrome). Some of the environmental conditions that lead to obesity are physical activity, alcohol consumption, socioeconomic status, parent feeding behavior, and diet. Interestingly, some of these environmental conditions are shared with neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental diseases. Obesity impairs neurodevelopment abilities as memory and fine-motor skills. Moreover, maternal obesity affects the cognitive function and mental health of the offspring. The common biological mechanisms involved in obesity and neurodegenerative/neurodevelopmental diseases are insulin resistance, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and oxidative damage, among others, leading to impaired brain development or cell death. Obesogenic environmental conditions are not the only factors that influence neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental diseases. In fact, several genes implicated in the leptin–melanocortin pathway (LEP, LEPR, POMC, BDNF, MC4R, PCSK1, SIM1, BDNF, TrkB, etc.) are associated with obesity and neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental diseases. Moreover, in the last decades, the discovery of new genes associated with obesity (FTO, NRXN3, NPC1, NEGR1, MTCH2, GNPDA2, among others) and with neurodegenerative or neurodevelopmental diseases (APOE, CD38, SIRT1, TNFα, PAI-1, TREM2, SYT4, FMR1, TET3, among others) had opened new pathways to comprehend the common mechanisms involved in these diseases. In conclusion, the obesogenic environmental conditions, the genes, and the interaction gene–environment would lead to a better understanding of the etiology of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Teresa Flores-Dorantes
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Farmacogenómica, Centro de Investigación de Ciencia y Tecnología Aplicada de Tabasco, División Académica de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa, Mexico
| | - Yael Efren Díaz-López
- Laboratorio de Enfermedades Metabólicas: Obesidad y Diabetes, Hospital Infantil de México "Federico Gómez," Mexico City, Mexico.,División de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ruth Gutiérrez-Aguilar
- Laboratorio de Enfermedades Metabólicas: Obesidad y Diabetes, Hospital Infantil de México "Federico Gómez," Mexico City, Mexico.,División de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
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68
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Mitochondrial abnormalities in neurodegenerative models and possible interventions: Focus on Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease. Mitochondrion 2020; 55:14-47. [PMID: 32828969 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2020.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial abnormalities in the brain are considered early pathological changes in neurogenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD) and Huntington's disease (HD). The mitochondrial dysfunction in the brain can be induced by toxic proteins, including amyloid-beta (Aβ), phosphorylated tau, alpha-synuclein (α-syn) and mutant huntingtin (mtHTT). These proteins cause mitochondrial genome damage, increased oxidative stress, decreased mitochondrial membrane permeability, and diminished ATP production. Consequently, synaptic dysfunction, synaptic loss, neuronal apoptosis, and ultimately cognitive impairment are exhibited. Therefore, the restoration of mitochondrial abnormalities in the brain is an alternative intervention to delay the progression of neurodegenerative diseases in addition to reducing the level of toxic proteins, especially Aβ, and restored synaptic dysfunction by interventions. Here we comprehensively review mitochondrial alterations in the brain of neurodegenerative models, specifically AD, PD and HD, from both in vitro and in vivo studies. Additionally, the correlation between mitochondrial changes, cognitive function, and disease progression from in vivo studies is described. This review also summarizes interventions that possibly attenuate mitochondrial abnormalities in AD, PD and HD models from both in vitro and in vivo studies. This may lead to the introduction of novel therapies that target on brain mitochondria to delay the progression of AD, PD and HD.
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69
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The Role of Neurovascular System in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:4373-4393. [PMID: 32725516 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02023-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The neurovascular system (NVS), which consisted of neurons, glia, and vascular cells, is a functional and structural unit of the brain. The NVS regulates blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability and cerebral blood flow (CBF), thereby maintaining the brain's microenvironment for normal functioning, neuronal survival, and information processing. Recent studies have highlighted the role of vascular dysfunction in several neurodegenerative diseases. This is not unexpected since both nervous and vascular systems are functionally interdependent and show close anatomical apposition, as well as similar molecular pathways. However, despite extensive research, the precise mechanism by which neurovascular dysfunction contributes to neurodegeneration remains incomplete. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms of neurovascular dysfunction in disease conditions may allow us to develop potent and effective therapies for prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. This review article summarizes the current research in the context of neurovascular signaling associated with neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and Huntington's disease (HD). We also discuss the potential implication of neurovascular factor as a novel therapeutic target and prognostic marker in patients with neurodegenerative conditions. Graphical Abstract.
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70
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Coleman JRI. Shared Genetic Risk Between Psychiatric and Cognitive Symptoms in Huntington's Disease and in the General Population. Biol Psychiatry 2020; 87:e25-e27. [PMID: 32299583 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.02.1180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan R I Coleman
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
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71
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Sitek EJ. Mild cognitive impairment in Huntington's disease? J Neurol Sci 2020; 413:116779. [PMID: 32200106 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2020.116779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emilia J Sitek
- Neurological and Psychiatric Nursing Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdansk, ul. Sklodowskiej-Curie 3a, Gdansk, Poland; Neurology Department, St. Adalbert Hospital, Copernicus PL, Al. Jana Pawla II 50, Gdansk, Poland; ENROLL-HD Study Site, St. Adalbert Hospital, Copernicus PL, Gdansk, Poland.
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Hunefeldt T, Maffi S, Migliore S, Squitieri F, Belardinelli MO. Emotion recognition and inhibitory control in manifest and pre-manifest Huntington's disease: evidence from a new Stroop task. Neural Regen Res 2020; 15:1518-1525. [PMID: 31997817 PMCID: PMC7059581 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.274342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a genetic neurodegenerative disorder that affects not only the motor but also the cognitive domain. In particular, cognitive symptoms such as impaired executive skills and deficits in recognizing other individuals' mental state may emerge many years before the motor symptoms. This study was aimed at testing two cognitive hypotheses suggested by previous research with a new Stroop task created for the purpose: 1) the impairment of emotion recognition in HD is moderated by the emotions' valence, and 2) inhibitory control is impaired in HD. Forty manifest and 20 pre-manifest HD patients and their age- and gender-matched controls completed both the traditional "Stroop Color and Word Test" (SCWT) and the newly created "Stroop Emotion Recognition under Word Interference Task" (SERWIT), which consist in 120 photographs of sad, calm, or happy faces with either congruent or incongruent word interference. On the SERWIT, impaired emotion recognition in manifest HD was moderated by emotion type, with deficits being larger in recognizing sadness and calmness than in recognizing happiness, but it was not moderated by stimulus congruency. On the SCWT, six different interference scores yielded as many different patterns of group effects. Overall our results corroborate the hypothesis that impaired emotion recognition in HD is moderated by the emotions' valence, but do not provide evidence for the hypothesis that inhibitory control is impaired in HD. Further research is needed to learn more about the psychological mechanisms underlying the moderating effect of emotional valence on impaired emotion recognition in HD, and to corroborate the hypothesis that the inhibitory processes involved in Stroop tasks are not impaired in HD. Looking beyond this study, the SERWIT promises to make important contributions to disentangling the cognitive and the psychomotor aspects of neurological disorders. The research was approved by the Ethics Committee of the "Istituto Leonarda Vaccari", Rome on January 24, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sabrina Maffi
- Huntington and Rare Diseases Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Simone Migliore
- Huntington and Rare Diseases Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Squitieri
- Huntington and Rare Diseases Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
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Teixeira MI, Lopes CM, Amaral MH, Costa PC. Current insights on lipid nanocarrier-assisted drug delivery in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2020; 149:192-217. [PMID: 31982574 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2020.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) is vulnerable to pathologic processes that lead to the development of neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and Huntington's diseases, Multiple sclerosis or Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. These are chronic and progressive pathologies characterized by the loss of neurons and the formation of misfolded proteins. Additionally, neurodegenerative diseases are accompanied by a structural and functional dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Although serving as a protection for the CNS, the existence of physiological barriers, especially the BBB, limits the access of several therapeutic agents to the brain, constituting a major hindrance in neurotherapeutics advancement. In this regard, nanotechnology-based approaches have arisen as a promising strategy to not only improve drug targeting to the brain, but also to increase bioavailability. Lipid nanocarriers such as liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN), nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC), microemulsions and nanoemulsions, have already proven their potential for enhancing brain transport, crossing more easily into the CNS and allowing the administration of medicines that could benefit the treatment of neurological pathologies. Given the socioeconomic impact of such conditions and the advent of nanotechnology that inevitably leads to more effective and superior therapeutics for their management, it is imperative to constantly update on the current knowledge of these topics. Herein, we provide insight on the BBB and the pathophysiology of the main neurodegenerative disorders. Moreover, this review seeks to highlight the several approaches that can be used to improve the delivery of therapeutic agents to the CNS, while also offering an extensive overview of the latest efforts regarding the use of lipid-based nanocarriers in the management of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I Teixeira
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, MEDTECH, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - C M Lopes
- FP-ENAS/CEBIMED, Fernando Pessoa Energy, Environment and Health Research Unit/Biomedical Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, Fernando Pessoa University, Rua Carlos da Maia, 296, 4200-150 Porto, Portugal
| | - M H Amaral
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, MEDTECH, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - P C Costa
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, MEDTECH, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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Middleton A, Milne R, Robarts L, Roberts J, Patch C. Should doctors have a legal duty to warn relatives of their genetic risks? Lancet 2019; 394:2133-2135. [PMID: 31784025 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(19)32941-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Middleton
- Society and Ethics Research Group, Wellcome Genome Campus Connecting Science, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK; Faculty of Education, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Richard Milne
- Society and Ethics Research Group, Wellcome Genome Campus Connecting Science, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK; Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lauren Robarts
- Society and Ethics Research Group, Wellcome Genome Campus Connecting Science, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Jonathan Roberts
- Society and Ethics Research Group, Wellcome Genome Campus Connecting Science, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK; East of England Genomic Medicine Service, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Christine Patch
- Society and Ethics Research Group, Wellcome Genome Campus Connecting Science, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK; Genomics England, London, UK
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Julayanont P, McFarland NR, Heilman KM. Mild cognitive impairment and dementia in motor manifest Huntington's disease: Classification and prevalence. J Neurol Sci 2019; 408:116523. [PMID: 31678902 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2019.116523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify the characteristics and prevalence of mild cognitive impairment in patients with motor-manifest Huntington's disease (HD) and to propose a new mild cognitive impairment (HD-MCI) classification for HD. METHODS We included 307 motor-manifest HD participants from the ENROLL-HD study who completed the evaluation in four neurocognitive domains including executive functions, processing speed, language, and memory. Cognitive impairment in each domain was determined by age- and education-adjusted cutoffs (> 1.5 standard deviations below the mean). HD-MCI was defined as an impairment in at least one cognitive domain without a loss of functional independence (Function Independence Scale, FIS ≥85). Dementia (HD-Dem) was defined as at least two domains of cognitive impairment with functional impairment (FIS ≤80). RESULTS At the onset of motor symptoms, MCI was present in 84% and dementia in 5% of patients. After 5 years of motor symptoms, 24% of participants met the criteria for MCI and 69% for dementia. Executive dysfunction was the most common impairment, being present in 70% of participants, followed by slowed processing speed in 67%. Language impairment was reported in 55% and memory deficits in 53%. MCI subtypes were classified as "Executive-predominant" (executive impairment and slowed processing speed), "Representational-predominant" (impaired language and memory) and "Mixed Executive-Representational". Executive-predominant MCI comprised 30%, Representational-predominant 15% and Mixed 55% of this cohort. CONCLUSION MCI is highly prevalent in the early stage of motor-manifest HD. Three MCI subgroups are defined suggesting at the earlier stage of this disease the frontal-striatal-executive and/or the temporoparietal-representational functional network can be impaired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parunyou Julayanont
- Division of Behavioral and Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - Nikolaus R McFarland
- Center for Movement Disorders and Neurorestoration, Department of Neurology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - Kenneth M Heilman
- Division of Behavioral and Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA; Malcom Randall Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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Tavakkoli A, Iranshahi M, Hasheminezhad SH, Hayes AW, Karimi G. The neuroprotective activities of natural products through the Nrf2 upregulation. Phytother Res 2019; 33:2256-2273. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Tavakkoli
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of PharmacyMashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
| | - Mehrdad Iranshahi
- Biotechnology Research Center, School of PharmacyMashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
| | - S. Hossein Hasheminezhad
- Student Research Committee, School of PharmacyMashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
| | - A. Wallace Hayes
- Institute for Integrative ToxicologyUniversity of South Florida Tampa Florida
- Institute for Integrative ToxicologyMichigan State University East Lansing Michigan
| | - Gholamreza Karimi
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology InstituteMashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School PharmacyMashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
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Holley SM, Galvan L, Kamdjou T, Dong A, Levine MS, Cepeda C. Major Contribution of Somatostatin-Expressing Interneurons and Cannabinoid Receptors to Increased GABA Synaptic Activity in the Striatum of Huntington's Disease Mice. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2019; 11:14. [PMID: 31139071 PMCID: PMC6527892 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2019.00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Huntington’s disease (HD) is a heritable neurological disorder that affects cognitive and motor performance in patients carrying the mutated huntingtin (HTT) gene. In mouse models of HD, previous reports showed a significant increase in spontaneous GABAA receptor-mediated synaptic activity in striatal spiny projection neurons (SPNs). In this study, using optogenetics and slice electrophysiology, we examined the contribution of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-ergic parvalbumin (PV)- and somatostatin (SOM)-expressing interneurons to the increase in GABA neurotransmission using the Q175 (heterozygote) mouse model of HD. Patch clamp recordings in voltage-clamp mode were performed on SPNs from brain slices of presymptomatic (2 months) and symptomatic (8 and 12 months) Q175 mice and wildtype (WT) littermates. While inhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSCs) evoked in SPNs following optical activation of PV- and SOM-expressing interneurons differed in amplitude, no genotype-dependent differences were observed at all ages from both interneuron types; however, responses evoked by either type were found to have faster kinetics in symptomatic mice. Since SOM-expressing interneurons are constitutively active in striatal brain slices, we then examined the effects of acutely silencing these neurons in symptomatic mice with enhanced Natronomonas pharaonis halorhodopsin (eNpHR). Optically silencing SOM-expressing interneurons resulted in a greater decrease in the frequency of spontaneous IPSCs (sIPSCs) in a subset of SPNs from Q175 mice compared to WTs, suggesting that SOM-expressing interneurons are the main contributors to the overall increased GABA synaptic activity in HD SPNs. Additionally, the effects of activating GABAB and cannabinoid (CB1) receptors were investigated to determine whether these receptors were involved in modulating interneuron-specific GABA synaptic transmission and if this modulation differed in HD mice. When selectively activating PV- and SOM-expressing interneurons in the presence of the CB1 receptor agonist WIN-55,212, the magnitudes of the evoked IPSCs in SPNs decreased for both interneuron types although this change was less prominent in symptomatic Q175 SPNs during SOM-expressing interneuron activation. Overall, these findings show that dysfunction of SOM-expressing interneurons contributes to the increased GABA synaptic activity found in HD mouse models and that dysregulation of the endocannabinoid system may contribute to this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra M Holley
- Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Laurie Galvan
- Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Talia Kamdjou
- Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Ashley Dong
- Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Michael S Levine
- Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Carlos Cepeda
- Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Holley SM, Galvan L, Kamdjou T, Cepeda C, Levine MS. Striatal GABAergic interneuron dysfunction in the Q175 mouse model of Huntington's disease. Eur J Neurosci 2018; 49:79-93. [PMID: 30472747 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The pathological hallmark of Huntington's disease (HD) is the massive loss of striatal and cortical neurons. Until recently, it was believed that striatal interneurons were spared from degeneration. This view has changed after the demonstration that parvalbumin (PV)-expressing interneurons also are vulnerable in humans. Here we compared morphological and functional changes of striatal fast-spiking interneurons (FSIs) and low-threshold spiking (LTS) interneurons in the Q175 mouse model of HD at presymptomatic (2 months) and symptomatic (12 months) stages of the disease. Electrophysiological intrinsic and synaptic properties of FSIs were significantly altered in symptomatic mice compared to wild-type (WT) littermates. Overall, FSIs became more excitable with disease progression. Sholl analysis also revealed a significant loss of dendritic complexity and excitatory synaptic inputs. The basic membrane and synaptic properties of LTS interneurons were similar in Q175 and WT mice regardless of disease stage. The resilience of LTS interneurons could be related to their sparsity of excitatory synaptic inputs compared with FSIs. However, in symptomatic mice, a subpopulation of LTS interneurons displayed an increase in action potential firing within oscillating bursts. Thus, we conclude that while both FSI and LTS interneurons demonstrate increases in excitability, the HD mutation differentially affects their membrane and synaptic properties as well as their ability to respond to compensatory challenges presented during the late stage of the disease. Alterations in GABAergic interneuron intrinsic activity and responsiveness to incoming signals may significantly affect SPN output thus contributing to abnormal motor movements in patients afflicted with HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra M Holley
- Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Brain Research Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Laurie Galvan
- Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Brain Research Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Talia Kamdjou
- Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Brain Research Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Carlos Cepeda
- Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Brain Research Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Michael S Levine
- Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Brain Research Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
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Auditory time perception in Huntington's disease. Neuropsychologia 2018; 119:247-252. [PMID: 30142378 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2018.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Huntington's disease (HD) is characterized by early involvement of the striatum. It affects the pace of repetitive motor activity, as motor timing depends on basal ganglia activity. However, data are lacking on the impact of this process on auditory time perception in motor non-affected gene carriers. OBJECTIVE This work aims to test the performance in time perception of a group of mutation carriers, either without motor symptoms or at an early stage of motor involvement. This should allow designing therapies targeting compensation strategies and possibly be used as a disease progression marker. METHOD Time was assessed using two different tasks. An absolute, duration-based time perception was assessed in a first task and a relative, beat-based time perception was assessed in a second one. HD-mutation carriers with low-to-middle grades of motor involvement (HD-motor, n = 10) or without motor signs (HD-premotor n = 21), were compared with age- and sex-matched healthy controls (control (n = 27)). Thresholds of time difference perception where assessed. RESULTS For both tasks, poorer performances were found in HD-motor patients as compared with HD-premotor and controls. Thresholds of time difference perception correlated positively with the CAP score for the whole group of HD-gene carriers in both tasks. In a post-hoc exploratory analysis performed by a multiple regression, a negative correlation was found between the thresholds in both tasks and the Stroop interference test. Furthermore, in the first task, a positive correlation was found between thresholds and a trail making B test and a negative one with a total functional score. CONCLUSION Our data confirm that the impairment in time perception in persons affected by HD correlates with the advancing disease. They also suggest that time perception depends on similar cognitive mechanisms as the ones sub-serving the Stroop interference test.
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Holley SM, Kamdjou T, Reidling JC, Fury B, Coleal-Bergum D, Bauer G, Thompson LM, Levine MS, Cepeda C. Therapeutic effects of stem cells in rodent models of Huntington's disease: Review and electrophysiological findings. CNS Neurosci Ther 2018; 24:329-342. [PMID: 29512295 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The principal symptoms of Huntington's disease (HD), chorea, cognitive deficits, and psychiatric symptoms are associated with the massive loss of striatal and cortical projection neurons. As current drug therapies only partially alleviate symptoms, finding alternative treatments has become peremptory. Cell replacement using stem cells is a rapidly expanding field that offers such an alternative. In this review, we examine recent studies that use mesenchymal cells, as well as pluripotent, cell-derived products in animal models of HD. Additionally, we provide further electrophysiological characterization of a human neural stem cell line, ESI-017, which has already demonstrated disease-modifying properties in two mouse models of HD. Overall, the field of regenerative medicine represents a viable and promising avenue for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders including HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra M Holley
- Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Talia Kamdjou
- Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jack C Reidling
- Institute for Memory Impairment and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Brian Fury
- Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Dane Coleal-Bergum
- Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Gerhard Bauer
- Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Leslie M Thompson
- Institute for Memory Impairment and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.,Department of Neurobiology & Behavior and Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.,Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Center, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Michael S Levine
- Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Carlos Cepeda
- Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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