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Schifano E, Marazzato M, Ammendolia MG, Zanni E, Ricci M, Comanducci A, Goldoni P, Conte MP, Uccelletti D, Longhi C. Virulence behavior of uropathogenic Escherichia coli strains in the host model Caenorhabditis elegans. Microbiologyopen 2018; 8:e00756. [PMID: 30381890 PMCID: PMC6562141 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common bacterial infections in humans. Although a number of bacteria can cause UTIs, most cases are due to infection by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC). UPEC are a genetically heterogeneous group that exhibit several virulence factors associated with colonization and persistence of bacteria in the urinary tract. Caenorhabditis elegans is a tiny, free-living nematode found worldwide. Because many biological pathways are conserved in C. elegans and humans, the nematode has been increasingly used as a model organism to study virulence mechanisms of microbial infections and innate immunity. The virulence of UPEC strains, characterized for antimicrobial resistance, pathogenicity-related genes associated with virulence and phylogenetic group belonging was evaluated by measuring the survival of C. elegans exposed to pure cultures of these strains. Our results showed that urinary strains can kill the nematode and that the clinical isolate ECP110 was able to efficiently colonize the gut and to inhibit the host oxidative response to infection. Our data support that C. elegans, a free-living nematode found worldwide, could serve as an in vivo model to distinguish, among uropathogenic E. coli, different virulence behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Schifano
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Marazzato
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Microbiology Section, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Ammendolia
- National Center of Innovative Technologies in Public Health, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Zanni
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Ricci
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Microbiology Section, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Comanducci
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Microbiology Section, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Goldoni
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Microbiology Section, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Pia Conte
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Microbiology Section, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Uccelletti
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Catia Longhi
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Microbiology Section, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
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52
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Innate Immune Influences on the Gut Microbiome: Lessons from Mouse Models. Trends Immunol 2018; 39:992-1004. [PMID: 30377046 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The gut microbiota is important in health and disease. Whereas the intestinal immune system has evolved to protect the mucosal barrier against pathogens, there is much interest in understanding how it influences the composition and functions of resident microbial communities. Overall, host innate immunity exerts little influence on the microbiota at homeostasis, but increases upon immune activation and the onset of inflammation, as well as in the presence of certain members of the microbiota. However, many experiments have not adequately incorporated study design to detect such immune influences, including using proper control groups, precise sampling and timing, and measures beyond broad-scale descriptions of dysbiosis for microbial analysis. We discuss these and other challenges in the context of current understanding of chronic inflammatory disease.
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53
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Ramos-Vega A, Rosales-Mendoza S, Bañuelos-Hernández B, Angulo C. Prospects on the Use of Schizochytrium sp. to Develop Oral Vaccines. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2506. [PMID: 30410471 PMCID: PMC6209683 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although oral subunit vaccines are highly relevant in the fight against widespread diseases, their high cost, safety and proper immunogenicity are attributes that have yet to be addressed in many cases and thus these limitations should be considered in the development of new oral vaccines. Prominent examples of new platforms proposed to address these limitations are plant cells and microalgae. Schizochytrium sp. constitutes an attractive expression host for vaccine production because of its high biosynthetic capacity, fast growth in low cost culture media, and the availability of processes for industrial scale production. In addition, whole Schizochytrium sp. cells may serve as delivery vectors; especially for oral vaccines since Schizochytrium sp. is safe for oral consumption, produces immunomodulatory compounds, and may provide bioencapsulation to the antigen, thus increasing its bioavailability. Remarkably, Schizochytrium sp. was recently used for the production of a highly immunoprotective influenza vaccine. Moreover, an efficient method for transient expression of antigens based on viral vectors and Schizochytrium sp. as host has been recently developed. In this review, the potential of Schizochytrium sp. in vaccinology is placed in perspective, with emphasis on its use as an attractive oral vaccination vehicle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abel Ramos-Vega
- Grupo de Inmunología and Vacunología, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, La Paz, Mexico
| | - Sergio Rosales-Mendoza
- Laboratorio de Biofarmacéuticos Recombinantes, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico.,Sección de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud y Biomedicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | | | - Carlos Angulo
- Grupo de Inmunología and Vacunología, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, La Paz, Mexico
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54
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Coleman M, Elkins C, Gutting B, Mongodin E, Solano-Aguilar G, Walls I. Microbiota and Dose Response: Evolving Paradigm of Health Triangle. RISK ANALYSIS : AN OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE SOCIETY FOR RISK ANALYSIS 2018; 38:2013-2028. [PMID: 29900563 DOI: 10.1111/risa.13121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
SRA Dose-Response and Microbial Risk Analysis Specialty Groups jointly sponsored symposia that addressed the intersections between the "microbiome revolution" and dose response. Invited speakers presented on innovations and advances in gut and nasal microbiota (normal microbial communities) in the first decade after the Human Microbiome Project began. The microbiota and their metabolites are now known to influence health and disease directly and indirectly, through modulation of innate and adaptive immune systems and barrier function. Disruption of healthy microbiota is often associated with changes in abundance and diversity of core microbial species (dysbiosis), caused by stressors including antibiotics, chemotherapy, and disease. Nucleic-acid-based metagenomic methods demonstrated that the dysbiotic host microbiota no longer provide normal colonization resistance to pathogens, a critical component of innate immunity of the superorganism. Diverse pathogens, probiotics, and prebiotics were considered in human and animal models (in vivo and in vitro). Discussion included approaches for design of future microbial dose-response studies to account for the presence of the indigenous microbiota that provide normal colonization resistance, and the absence of the protective microbiota in dysbiosis. As NextGen risk analysis methodology advances with the "microbiome revolution," a proposed new framework, the Health Triangle, may replace the old paradigm based on the Disease Triangle (focused on host, pathogen, and environment) and germophobia. Collaborative experimental designs are needed for testing hypotheses about causality in dose-response relationships for pathogens present in our environments that clearly compete in complex ecosystems with thousands of bacterial species dominating the healthy superorganism.
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55
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Vogelzang A, Guerrini MM, Minato N, Fagarasan S. Microbiota - an amplifier of autoimmunity. Curr Opin Immunol 2018; 55:15-21. [PMID: 30248521 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Many studies describe dysbiosis as a change in the microbiota that accompanies autoimmune illnesses, but little is known about whether these changes are a cause or consequence of an altered immune state. The immune system actively shapes the composition of the microbiota, with divergent outcomes in healthy or autoimmune-prone individuals. The gut microbiota in turn acts as an acquired endocrine organ, influencing the physiology of the host via release of nutrients and chemical messengers. Dysbiosis arising from abnormal immune function can initiate or amplify autoimmunity through multiple mechanisms. We examine how the bidirectional relationship between resident microbes and the immune system contributes to autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Vogelzang
- Laboratory for Mucosal Immunity, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN Yokohama Institute, Tsurumi Ward, Suehirocho, 1 Chome-7-22, Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Matteo M Guerrini
- Laboratory for Mucosal Immunity, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN Yokohama Institute, Tsurumi Ward, Suehirocho, 1 Chome-7-22, Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Nagahiro Minato
- Medical Innovation Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyo Ward, Yoshida-Konoe, Kyoto, Kyoto Prefecture, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Sidonia Fagarasan
- Laboratory for Mucosal Immunity, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN Yokohama Institute, Tsurumi Ward, Suehirocho, 1 Chome-7-22, Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture, 230-0045, Japan.
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56
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Li X, Arias CA, Aitken SL, Galloway Peña J, Panesso D, Chang M, Diaz L, Rios R, Numan Y, Ghaoui S, DebRoy S, Bhatti MM, Simmons DE, Raad I, Hachem R, Folan SA, Sahasarabhojane P, Kalia A, Shelburne SA. Clonal Emergence of Invasive Multidrug-Resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis Deconvoluted via a Combination of Whole-Genome Sequencing and Microbiome Analyses. Clin Infect Dis 2018; 67:398-406. [PMID: 29546356 PMCID: PMC6051468 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciy089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pathobionts, bacteria that are typically human commensals but can cause disease, contribute significantly to antimicrobial resistance. Staphylococcus epidermidis is a prototypical pathobiont as it is a ubiquitous human commensal but also a leading cause of healthcare-associated bacteremia. We sought to determine the etiology of a recent increase in invasive S. epidermidis isolates resistant to linezolid. Methods Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was performed on 176 S. epidermidis bloodstream isolates collected at the MD Anderson Cancer Center in Houston, Texas, between 2013 and 2016. Molecular relationships were assessed via complementary phylogenomic approaches. Abundance of the linezolid resistance determinant cfr was determined in stool samples via reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results Thirty-nine of the 176 strains were linezolid resistant (22%). Thirty-one of the 39 linezolid-resistant S. epidermidis infections were caused by a particular clone resistant to multiple antimicrobials that spread among leukemia patients and carried cfr on a 49-kb plasmid (herein called pMB151a). The 6 kb of pMB151a surrounding the cfr gene was nearly 100% identical to a cfr-containing plasmid isolated from livestock-associated staphylococci in China. Analysis of serial stool samples from leukemia patients revealed progressive staphylococcal domination of the intestinal microflora and an increase in cfr abundance following linezolid use. Conclusions The combination of linezolid use plus transmission of a multidrug-resistant clone drove expansion of invasive, linezolid-resistant S. epidermidis. Our results lend support to the notion that a combination of antibiotic stewardship plus infection control measures may help to control the spread of a multidrug-resistant pathobiont.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiqi Li
- Graduate Program in Diagnostic Genetics, School of Health Professions, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Cesar A Arias
- Center for Antimicrobial Resistance and Microbial Genomics, Bogota, Colombia
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston, Bogota, Colombia
- Molecular Genetics and Antimicrobial Resistance Unit and International Center for Microbial Genomics, Universidad El Bosque, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Samuel L Aitken
- Division of Pharmacy, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Jessica Galloway Peña
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Diana Panesso
- Center for Antimicrobial Resistance and Microbial Genomics, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Michael Chang
- Center for Antimicrobial Resistance and Microbial Genomics, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Lorena Diaz
- Molecular Genetics and Antimicrobial Resistance Unit and International Center for Microbial Genomics, Universidad El Bosque, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Rafael Rios
- Molecular Genetics and Antimicrobial Resistance Unit and International Center for Microbial Genomics, Universidad El Bosque, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Yazan Numan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Sammi Ghaoui
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Sruti DebRoy
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Micah M Bhatti
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Dawn E Simmons
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Isaam Raad
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Ray Hachem
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Stephanie A Folan
- Division of Pharmacy, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | | | - Awdhesh Kalia
- Graduate Program in Diagnostic Genetics, School of Health Professions, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Samuel A Shelburne
- Center for Antimicrobial Resistance and Microbial Genomics, Bogota, Colombia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
- Department of Genomic Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
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57
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Palmela C, Chevarin C, Xu Z, Torres J, Sevrin G, Hirten R, Barnich N, Ng SC, Colombel JF. Adherent-invasive Escherichia coli in inflammatory bowel disease. Gut 2018; 67:574-587. [PMID: 29141957 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2017-314903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 320] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal microbiome dysbiosis has been consistently described in patients with IBD. In the last decades, Escherichia coli, and the adherent-invasive E coli (AIEC) pathotype in particular, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of IBD. Since the discovery of AIEC, two decades ago, progress has been made in unravelling these bacteria characteristics and its interaction with the gut immune system. The mechanisms of adhesion of AIEC to intestinal epithelial cells (via FimH and cell adhesion molecule 6) and its ability to escape autophagy when inside macrophages are reviewed here. We also explore the existing data on the prevalence of AIEC in patients with Crohn's disease and UC, and the association between the presence of AIEC and disease location, activity and postoperative recurrence. Finally, we highlight potential therapeutic strategies targeting AIEC colonisation of gut mucosa, including the use of phage therapy, bacteriocins and antiadhesive molecules. These strategies may open new avenues for the prevention and treatment of IBD in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Palmela
- Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology, Hospital Beatriz Ângelo, Loures, Portugal
| | - Caroline Chevarin
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm U1071, USC-INRA 2018, M2iSH, CRNH Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Zhilu Xu
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Diseases, LKS Institute of Health Science, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Joana Torres
- Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology, Hospital Beatriz Ângelo, Loures, Portugal
| | - Gwladys Sevrin
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm U1071, USC-INRA 2018, M2iSH, CRNH Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Robert Hirten
- Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Nicolas Barnich
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm U1071, USC-INRA 2018, M2iSH, CRNH Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Siew C Ng
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Diseases, LKS Institute of Health Science, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jean-Frederic Colombel
- Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, USA
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58
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Bonvalet M, Daillère R, Roberti MP, Rauber C, Zitvogel L. The Impact of the Intestinal Microbiota in Therapeutic Responses Against Cancer. Oncoimmunology 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-62431-0_27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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59
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Mattos-Graner RO, Duncan MJ. Two-component signal transduction systems in oral bacteria. J Oral Microbiol 2017; 9:1400858. [PMID: 29209465 PMCID: PMC5706477 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2017.1400858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
We present an overview of how members of the oral microbiota respond to their environment by regulating gene expression through two-component signal transduction systems (TCSs) to support conditions compatible with homeostasis in oral biofilms or drive the equilibrium toward dysbiosis in response to environmental changes. Using studies on the sub-gingival Gram-negative anaerobe Porphyromonas gingivalis and Gram-positive streptococci as examples, we focus on the molecular mechanisms involved in activation of TCS and species specificities of TCS regulons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata O. Mattos-Graner
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas – UNICAMP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Margaret J. Duncan
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
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60
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Landete JM, Gaya P, Rodríguez E, Langa S, Peirotén Á, Medina M, Arqués JL. Probiotic Bacteria for Healthier Aging: Immunomodulation and Metabolism of Phytoestrogens. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:5939818. [PMID: 29109959 PMCID: PMC5646295 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5939818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Age-related degeneration gives rise to a number of pathologies, many of them associated with imbalances of the microbiota and the gut-associated immune system. Thus, the intestine is considered a key target organ to improve the quality of life in senescence. Gut microbiota can have a powerful impact in the deterioration linked to aging by its nutritional and immunomodulatory activity. Reduced numbers of beneficial species and low microbial biodiversity in the elderly have been linked with pathogenesis of many diseases. A healthy lifestyle with an elderly customized diet including probiotics can contribute to reducing the chronic proinflammatory status and other age-related pathologies. Beneficial effects of probiotic lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria to alleviate some of these disorders based on their immunomodulatory properties as well as their capacity to produce bioactive metabolites from dietary phytoestrogens are summarized. On one hand, the preservation of gut barrier integrity and an increased ability to fight infections are the main reported immune benefits of probiotics. On the other hand, the intake of a diet rich in phytoestrogens along with the presence of selected probiotic bacteria may lead to the production of equol, enterolignans, and urolithins, which are considered protective against chronic diseases related to aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- José María Landete
- Departamento Tecnología de Alimentos, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Carretera de La Coruña Km 7, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Gaya
- Departamento Tecnología de Alimentos, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Carretera de La Coruña Km 7, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Rodríguez
- Departamento Tecnología de Alimentos, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Carretera de La Coruña Km 7, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Langa
- Departamento Tecnología de Alimentos, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Carretera de La Coruña Km 7, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángela Peirotén
- Departamento Tecnología de Alimentos, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Carretera de La Coruña Km 7, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Margarita Medina
- Departamento Tecnología de Alimentos, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Carretera de La Coruña Km 7, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan L. Arqués
- Departamento Tecnología de Alimentos, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Carretera de La Coruña Km 7, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Maerz JK, Steimle A, Lange A, Bender A, Fehrenbacher B, Frick JS. Outer membrane vesicles blebbing contributes to B. vulgatus mpk-mediated immune response silencing. Gut Microbes 2017; 9:1-12. [PMID: 28686482 PMCID: PMC5914909 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2017.1344810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Gram negative intestinal symbiont Bacteroides vulgatus mpk is able to prevent from induction of colonic inflammation in Rag1-/- mice and promotes immune balance in Il2-/- mice. These inflammation-silencing effects are associated with B. vulgatus mpk-mediated induction of semi-mature dendritic cells, especially in the colonic lamina propria (cLP). However the beneficial interaction of bacteria with host immune cells is limited due to the existence of a large mucus layer covering the intestinal epithelium. How can intestinal bacteria overcome this physical barrier and contact the host immune system? One mechanism is the production of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) via ubiquitous blebbing of the outer membrane. These proteoliposomes have the ability to traverse the mucus layer. Hence, OMVs play an important role in immunomodulation and the maintenance of a balanced gut microbiota. Here we demonstrate that the stimulation of bone marrow derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) with isolated OMVs originated from B. vulgatus mpk leads to the induction of a tolerant semi-mature phenotype. Thereby, microbe- associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) delivered by OMVs are crucial for the interaction and the resulting maturation of immune cells. Additional to the binding to host TLR4, a yet unknown ligand to TLR2 is indispensable for the conversion of immature BMDCs into a semi-mature state. Thus, crossing the epithelial mucus layer and directly contact host cells, OMV mediate cross-tolerance via the transport of various Toll-like receptor antigens. These features make OMVs to a key attribute of B. vulgatus mpk for a vigorous acellular prevention and treatment of systemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Kevin Maerz
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Alex Steimle
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anna Lange
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Annika Bender
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Birgit Fehrenbacher
- University Department of Dermatology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Julia-Stefanie Frick
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany,CONTACT Prof. Dr. Julia-Stefanie Frick , Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Tübingen, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Str.6, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
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Antibiotic growth promoter olaquindox increases pathogen susceptibility in fish by inducing gut microbiota dysbiosis. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2017; 60:1260-1270. [DOI: 10.1007/s11427-016-9072-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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63
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Kim D, Zeng MY, Núñez G. The interplay between host immune cells and gut microbiota in chronic inflammatory diseases. Exp Mol Med 2017; 49:e339. [PMID: 28546562 PMCID: PMC5454439 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2017.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Many benefits provided by the gut microbiota to the host rely on its intricate interactions with host cells. Perturbations of the gut microbiota, termed gut dysbiosis, affect the interplay between the gut microbiota and host cells, resulting in dysregulation of inflammation that contributes to the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease, multiple sclerosis, allergic asthma and rheumatoid arthritis. In this review, we provide an overview of how gut bacteria modulates host metabolic and immune functions, summarize studies that examined the roles of gut dysbiosis in chronic inflammatory diseases, and finally discuss measures to correct gut dysbiosis as potential therapeutics for chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghyun Kim
- Center for Integrative Rheumatoid Transcriptomics and Dynamics, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Melody Y Zeng
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Gabriel Núñez
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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64
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Prevaes SMPJ, de Steenhuijsen Piters WAA, de Winter-de Groot KM, Janssens HM, Tramper-Stranders GA, Chu MLJN, Tiddens HA, van Westreenen M, van der Ent CK, Sanders EAM, Bogaert D. Concordance between upper and lower airway microbiota in infants with cystic fibrosis. Eur Respir J 2017; 49:49/3/1602235. [PMID: 28356374 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.02235-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal samples are commonly used to direct therapy for lower respiratory tract infections in non-expectorating infants with cystic fibrosis (CF).We aimed to investigate the concordance between the bacterial community compositions of 25 sets of nasopharyngeal, oropharyngeal and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples from 17 infants with CF aged ∼5 months (n=13) and ∼12 months (n=12) using conventional culturing and 16S-rRNA sequencing.Clustering analyses demonstrated that BAL microbiota profiles were in general characterised by a mixture of oral and nasopharyngeal bacteria, including commensals like Streptococcus, Neisseria, Veillonella and Rothia spp. and potential pathogens like Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella spp. Within each individual, however, the degree of concordance differed between microbiota of both upper respiratory tract niches and the corresponding BAL.The inconsistent intra-individual concordance between microbiota of the upper and lower respiratory niches suggests that the lungs of infants with CF may have their own microbiome that seems seeded by, but is not identical to, the upper respiratory tract microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine M P J Prevaes
- Dept of Paediatrics, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter A A de Steenhuijsen Piters
- Dept of Paediatrics, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Both authors contributed equally
| | - Karin M de Winter-de Groot
- Dept of Paediatrics, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Both authors contributed equally
| | - Hettie M Janssens
- Dept of Paediatric Pulmonology and Allergology, Sophia Children's Hospital, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gerdien A Tramper-Stranders
- Dept of Paediatrics, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mei Ling J N Chu
- Dept of Paediatrics, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Harm A Tiddens
- Dept of Paediatric Pulmonology and Allergology, Sophia Children's Hospital, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mireille van Westreenen
- Dept of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis K van der Ent
- Dept of Paediatrics, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth A M Sanders
- Dept of Paediatrics, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Debby Bogaert
- Dept of Paediatrics, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Bleich A, Fox JG. The Mammalian Microbiome and Its Importance in Laboratory Animal Research. ILAR J 2016; 56:153-8. [PMID: 26323624 DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ilv031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this issue are assembled 10 fascinating, well-researched papers that describe the emerging field centered on the microbiome of vertebrate animals and how these complex microbial populations play a fundamental role in shaping homeostasis of the host. The content of the papers will deal with bacteria and, because of relative paucity of information on these organisms, will not include discussions on viruses, fungus, protozoa, and parasites that colonize various animals. Dissecting the number and interactions of the 500-1000 bacterial species that can inhabit the intestines of animals is made possible by advanced DNA sequencing methods, which do not depend on whether the organism can be cultured or not. Laboratory animals, particularly rodents, have proven to be an indispensable component in not only understanding how the microbiome aids in digestion and protects the host against pathogens, but also in understanding the relationship of various species of bacteria to development of the immune system. Importantly, this research elucidates purported mechanisms for how the microbiome can profoundly affect initiation and progression of diseases such as type 1 diabetes, metabolic syndromes, obesity, autoimmune arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, and irritable bowel syndrome. The strengths and limitations of the use of germfree mice colonized with single species of bacteria, a restricted flora, or most recently the use of human-derived microbiota are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Bleich
- André Bleich, PhD, DipECLAM, is a professor and Director of the Institute for Laboratory Animal Science and Central Animal Facility at Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany. James G. Fox, DVM, MS, DACLAM, is Director of the Division of Comparative Medicine and professor in the Department of Biological Engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - James G Fox
- André Bleich, PhD, DipECLAM, is a professor and Director of the Institute for Laboratory Animal Science and Central Animal Facility at Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany. James G. Fox, DVM, MS, DACLAM, is Director of the Division of Comparative Medicine and professor in the Department of Biological Engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge, Massachusetts
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