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Ahlawat S, Kumar P, Mohan H, Goyal S, Sharma KK. Inflammatory bowel disease: tri-directional relationship between microbiota, immune system and intestinal epithelium. Crit Rev Microbiol 2021; 47:254-273. [PMID: 33576711 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2021.1876631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Human gut microbiota contributes to host nutrition and metabolism, sustains intestinal cell proliferation and differentiation, and modulates host immune system. The alterations in their composition lead to severe gut disorders, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) or inflammatory bowel syndrome (IBS). IBD including ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) are gamut of chronic inflammatory disorders of gut, mediated by complex interrelations among genetic, environmental, and internal factors. IBD has debateable aetiology, however in recent years, exploring the central role of a tri-directional relationship between gut microbiota, mucosal immune system, and intestinal epithelium in pathogenesis is getting the most attention. Increasing incidences and early onset explains the exponential rise in IBD burden on health-care systems. Industrialization, hypersensitivity to allergens, lifestyle, hygiene hypothesis, loss of intestinal worms, and gut microbial composition, explains this shifted rise. Hitherto, the interventions modulating gut microbiota composition, microfluidics-based in vitro gastrointestinal models, non-allergic functional foods, nutraceuticals, and faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from healthy donors are some of the futuristic approaches for the disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Ahlawat
- Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Pramod Kumar
- Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Hari Mohan
- Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Sandeep Goyal
- Department of Medicine, Pt. BD Sharma Post-graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Krishna Kant Sharma
- Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
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Loftus M, Hassouneh SAD, Yooseph S. Bacterial associations in the healthy human gut microbiome across populations. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2828. [PMID: 33531651 PMCID: PMC7854710 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82449-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In a microbial community, associations between constituent members play an important role in determining the overall structure and function of the community. The human gut microbiome is believed to play an integral role in host health and disease. To understand the nature of bacterial associations at the species level in healthy human gut microbiomes, we analyzed previously published collections of whole-genome shotgun sequence data, totaling over 1.6 Tbp, generated from 606 fecal samples obtained from four different healthy human populations. Using a Random Forest Classifier, we identified 202 signature bacterial species that were prevalent in these populations and whose relative abundances could be used to accurately distinguish between the populations. Bacterial association networks were constructed with these signature species using an approach based on the graphical lasso. Network analysis revealed conserved bacterial associations across populations and a dominance of positive associations over negative associations, with this dominance being driven by associations between species that are closely related either taxonomically or functionally. Bacterial species that form network modules, and species that constitute hubs and bottlenecks, were also identified. Functional analysis using protein families suggests that much of the taxonomic variation across human populations does not foment substantial functional or structural differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Loftus
- grid.170430.10000 0001 2159 2859Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, Genomics and Bioinformatics Cluster, University of Central Florida, Orlando, 32787 USA
| | - Sayf Al-Deen Hassouneh
- grid.170430.10000 0001 2159 2859Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, Genomics and Bioinformatics Cluster, University of Central Florida, Orlando, 32787 USA
| | - Shibu Yooseph
- grid.170430.10000 0001 2159 2859Department of Computer Science, Genomics and Bioinformatics Cluster, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816-2993 USA
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Effenberger M, Reider S, Waschina S, Bronowski C, Enrich B, Adolph TE, Koch R, Moschen AR, Rosenstiel P, Aden K, Tilg H. Microbial Butyrate Synthesis Indicates Therapeutic Efficacy of Azathioprine in IBD Patients. J Crohns Colitis 2021; 15:88-98. [PMID: 32687146 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjaa152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The microbial ecosystem seems to be an important player for therapeutic intervenption in inflammatory bowel disease [IBD]. We assessed longitudinal microbiome changes in IBD patients undergoing therapy with either azathioprine [AZA] or anti-tumour necrosis factor [anti-TNF] antibodies. We predicted the metabolic microbial community exchange and linked it to clinical outcome. METHODS Faecal and blood samples were collected from 65 IBD patients at baseline and after 12 and 30 weeks on therapy. Clinical remission was defined as Crohn's Disease Activity Index [CDAI] < 150 in Crohn´s disease [CD], partial Mayo score <2 in ulcerative colitis [UC], and faecal calprotectin values <150 µg/g and C-reactive protein <5 mg/dl. 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing was performed. To predict microbial community metabolic processes, we constructed multispecies genome-scale metabolic network models. RESULTS Paired Bray-Curtis distance between baseline and follow-up time points was significantly different for UC patients treated with anti-TNF antibodies. Longitudinal changes in taxa composition at phylum level showed a significant decrease of Proteobacteria and an increase of Bacteroidetes in CD patients responding to both therapies. At family level, Lactobacilli were associated with persistent disease and Bacteroides abundance with remission in CD. In-silico simulations of microbial metabolite exchange predicted a 1.7-fold higher butyrate production capacity of patients in remission compared with patients without remission [p = 0.041]. In this model, the difference in butyrate production between patients in remission and patients without remission was most pronounced in the CD group treated with AZA [p = 0.008]. CONCLUSIONS In-silico simulation identifies microbial butyrate synthesis predictive of therapeutic efficacy in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Effenberger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Metabolism & Endocrinology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - S Reider
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Metabolism & Endocrinology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mucosal Immunology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - S Waschina
- Institute for Human Nutrition and Food Science, Division Nutriinformatics, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - C Bronowski
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - B Enrich
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Metabolism & Endocrinology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - T E Adolph
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Metabolism & Endocrinology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - R Koch
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Metabolism & Endocrinology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - A R Moschen
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Metabolism & Endocrinology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mucosal Immunology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - P Rosenstiel
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - K Aden
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine I, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - H Tilg
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Metabolism & Endocrinology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Oxidative Stress in the Pathogenesis of Crohn's Disease and the Interconnection with Immunological Response, Microbiota, External Environmental Factors, and Epigenetics. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10010064. [PMID: 33430227 PMCID: PMC7825667 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10010064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a complex multifactorial disorder in which external and environmental factors have a large influence on its onset and development, especially in genetically susceptible individuals. Crohn’s disease (CD), one of the two types of IBD, is characterized by transmural inflammation, which is most frequently located in the region of the terminal ileum. Oxidative stress, caused by an overabundance of reactive oxygen species, is present locally and systemically in patients with CD and appears to be associated with the well-described imbalanced immune response and dysbiosis in the disease. Oxidative stress could also underlie some of the environmental risk factors proposed for CD. Although the exact etiopathology of CD remains unknown, the key role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of CD is extensively recognized. Epigenetics can provide a link between environmental factors and genetics, and numerous epigenetic changes associated with certain environmental risk factors, microbiota, and inflammation are reported in CD. Further attention needs to be focused on whether these epigenetic changes also have a primary role in the pathogenesis of CD, along with oxidative stress.
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Hmar EBL, Paul S, Boruah N, Sarkar P, Borah S, Sharma HK. Apprehending Ulcerative Colitis Management With Springing Up Therapeutic Approaches: Can Nanotechnology Play a Nascent Role? CURRENT PATHOBIOLOGY REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40139-020-00218-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Fenton CG, Taman H, Florholmen J, Sørbye SW, Paulssen RH. Transcriptional Signatures That Define Ulcerative Colitis in Remission. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2021; 27:94-105. [PMID: 32322884 PMCID: PMC7737162 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izaa075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study addresses whether existing specific transcriptional profiles can improve and support the current status of the definition of ulcerative colitis (UC) remission apart from the existing endoscopic, histologic, and laboratory scoring systems. For that purpose, a well-stratified UC patient population in remission was compared to active UC and control patients and was investigated by applying the next-generation technology RNA-Seq. METHODS Mucosal biopsies from patients in remission (n = 14), patients with active UC (n = 14), and healthy control patientss (n = 16) underwent whole-transcriptome RNA-Seq. Principal component analysis, cell deconvolution methods, gene profile enrichment, and pathway enrichment methods were applied to define a specific transcriptional signature of UC in remission. RESULTS Analyses revealed specific transcriptional signatures for UC in remission with increased expression of genes involved in O-glycosylation (MUC17, MUC3A, MUC5AC, MUC12, SPON1, B3GNT3), ephrin-mediated repulsion of cells (EFNB2E, EFNA3, EPHA10, EPHA1), GAP junction trafficking (TUBA1C, TUBA4A, TUBB4B, GJB3, CLTB), and decreased expression of several toll-like receptors (TLR1, TLR3, TLR5, TLR6). CONCLUSIONS This study reveals specific transcriptional signatures for remission. Partial restoration and improvement of homeostasis in the epithelial mucus layer and revival of immunological functions were observed. A clear role for bacterial gut flora composition can be implied. The results can be useful for the development of treatment strategies for UC in remission and may be useful targets for further investigations aiming to predict the outcome of UC in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher G Fenton
- Department of Clinical Medicine,Genomics Support Centre Tromsø, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Hagar Taman
- Department of Clinical Medicine,Genomics Support Centre Tromsø, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Gastroenterology and Nutrition Research Group, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Jon Florholmen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Gastroenterology and Nutrition Research Group, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Medical Gastroenterology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Sveinung W Sørbye
- §Department of Clinical Pathology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ruth H Paulssen
- Department of Clinical Medicine,Genomics Support Centre Tromsø, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Gastroenterology and Nutrition Research Group, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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Guo M, Miao M, Wang Y, Duan M, Yang F, Chen Y, Yuan W, Zheng H. Developmental differences in the intestinal microbiota of Chinese 1-year-old infants and 4-year-old children. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19470. [PMID: 33173227 PMCID: PMC7656257 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76591-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The microbiota profile of children changes with age. To investigate the differences in the gut microbiota profile of 1- and 4-year-old children, we collected fecal samples and sequenced the V3-V4 hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA gene via high-throughput DNA sequencing. From phylum to species level, the microbiota underwent significant changes with age. The abundance of phyla Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria declined with age, whereas phyla Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes increased with age and dominated the gut microbiota of 4-year-olds. The intestinal environment of children at age four is closer to maturity. Hence, the abundance of Bifidobacterium significantly decreased in the gut of 4-year-olds, whereas Akkermansia muciniphila increased from 0.14% in 1-year-olds to 4.25% in 4-year-olds. The functional change in gut microbiota is consistent with changes in infant food, as microbiota participating in amino acid and vitamin metabolism were enriched in 1-year-olds, whereas microbiota involved in lipid metabolism increased with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Guo
- NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Maohua Miao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yuezhu Wang
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, Chinese National Human Genome Center at Shanghai, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Mengmeng Duan
- NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Fen Yang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yao Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wei Yuan
- NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Huajun Zheng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Miyagi Y, Kinjo T, Yoshizumi T, Harada N, Arakaki S, Kinjo T, Hokama A, Takatsuki M. Elective staged proctocolectomy and living donor liver transplantation for colon cancer with sclerosing cholangitis-related ulcerative colitis: a case report. Surg Case Rep 2020; 6:278. [PMID: 33130979 PMCID: PMC7604274 DOI: 10.1186/s40792-020-01059-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a well-known complication of ulcerative colitis (UC), but it is rare to encounter patients requiring both living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) and proctocolectomy. We report a case of elective two-stage surgery involving proctocolectomy performed after LDLT for a patient with early colon cancer concurrent with PSC-related UC. To our knowledge, this is the first report of concurrent cancer successfully treated with both LDLT and proctocolectomy. Case presentation A 32-year-old Japanese man with colon cancer associated with UC underwent restorative proctocolectomy at 3 months after living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) for PSC. He was diagnosed with PSC and UC when he was a teenager. Conservative therapy was initiated to treat both PSC and UC. He had experienced recurrent cholangitis for years; therefore, a biliary stent was placed endoscopically. However, his liver function progressively deteriorated. Colonoscopic surveillance revealed early colon cancer; hence, surgical treatment was considered. PSC progressed to cirrhosis and portal hypertension; hence, LDLT was performed before restorative proctocolectomy. Three months after LDLT, we performed restorative proctocolectomy with ileal pouch–anal anastomosis. The postoperative course was uneventful. The patient was well, with good liver and bowel functions and without tumor recurrence, more than 1 year after proctocolectomy. Conclusions With strict patient selection and careful patient management and follow-up, elective proctocolectomy may be performed safely and effectively after LDLT for concurrent early colon cancer with PSC-related UC. There are no previous reports of the use of both LDLT and proctocolectomy for the successful treatment of PSC-related UC and concurrent cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Miyagi
- Department of Digestive and General Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Okinawa, 903-0125, Japan.
| | - Tatsuya Kinjo
- Department of Digestive and General Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Okinawa, 903-0125, Japan
| | - Tomoharu Yoshizumi
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Noboru Harada
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shingo Arakaki
- Department of Infectious, Respiratory, and Digestive Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Tetsu Kinjo
- Department of Infectious, Respiratory, and Digestive Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Akira Hokama
- Department of Infectious, Respiratory, and Digestive Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Mitsuhisa Takatsuki
- Department of Digestive and General Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Okinawa, 903-0125, Japan
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Mishra R, Dhawan P, Srivastava AS, Singh AB. Inflammatory bowel disease: Therapeutic limitations and prospective of the stem cell therapy. World J Stem Cells 2020; 12:1050-1066. [PMID: 33178391 PMCID: PMC7596447 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v12.i10.1050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), consisting primarily of ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease, is a group of debilitating auto-immune disorders, which also increases the risk of colitis-associated cancer. However, due to the chronic nature of the disease and inconsistent treatment outcomes of current anti-IBD drugs (e.g., approximately 30% non-responders to anti-TNFα agents), and related serious side effects, about half of all IBD patients (in millions) turn to alternative treatment options. In this regard, mucosal healing is gaining acceptance as a measure of disease activity in IBD patients as recent studies have correlated the success of mucosal healing with improved prognosis. However, despite the increasing clinical realization of the significance of the concept of mucosal healing, its regulation and means of therapeutic targeting remain largely unclear. Here, stem-cell therapy, which uses hematopoietic stem cells or mesenchymal stem cells, remains a promising option. Stem cells are the pluripotent cells with ability to differentiate into the epithelial and/or immune-modulatory cells. The over-reaching concept is that the stem cells can migrate to the damaged areas of the intestine to provide curative help in the mucosal healing process. Moreover, by differentiating into the mature intestinal epithelial cells, the stem cells also help in restoring the barrier integrity of the intestinal lining and hence prevent the immunomodulatory induction, the root cause of the IBD. In this article, we elaborate upon the current status of the clinical management of IBD and potential role of the stem cell therapy in improving IBD therapy and patient’s quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rangnath Mishra
- Global Institute of Stem Cell Therapy and Research, San Diego, CA 92122, United States
| | - Punita Dhawan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68118, United States
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, Omaha, NE 68118, United States
- VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68118, United States
| | - Anand S Srivastava
- Global Institute of Stem Cell Therapy and Research, San Diego, CA 92122, United States
| | - Amar B Singh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68118, United States
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, Omaha, NE 68118, United States
- VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68118, United States
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Liu CH, Chang JH, Chang YC, Mou KY. Treatment of murine colitis by Saccharomyces boulardii secreting atrial natriuretic peptide. J Mol Med (Berl) 2020; 98:1675-1687. [DOI: 10.1007/s00109-020-01987-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Nettles R, Ricks KD, Koide RT. The Dynamics of Interacting Bacterial and Fungal Communities of the Mouse Colon Following Antibiotics. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2020; 80:573-592. [PMID: 32451559 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-020-01525-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We tested two hypotheses concerning the dynamics of intestinal microbial communities of young mice following antibiotic-induced disturbance. The first is that disturbance of the bacterial community causes disturbance of the fungal community. Our results were consistent with that hypothesis. Antibiotics significantly altered bacterial community structure. Antibiotics also altered fungal community structure, significantly increasing the relative abundance of Candida lusitaniae, a known pathogen, while simultaneously significantly decreasing the relative abundances of several other common fungal species. The result was a temporary decrease in fungal diversity. Moreover, bacterial load was negatively correlated with the relative abundances of Candida lusitaniae and Candida parapsilosis, while it was positively correlated with the relative abundances of many other fungal species. Our second hypothesis is that control mice serve as a source of probiotics capable of invading intestines of mice with disturbed microbial communities and restoring pre-antibiotic bacterial and fungal communities. However, we found that control mice did not restore disturbed microbial communities. Instead, mice with disturbed microbial communities induced disturbance in control mice, consistent with the hypothesis that antibiotic-induced disturbance represents an alternate stable state that is easier to achieve than to correct. Our results indicate the occurrence of significant interactions among intestinal bacteria and fungi and suggest that the stimulation of certain bacterial groups may potentially be useful in countering the dominance of fungal pathogens such as Candida spp. However, the stability of disturbed microbial communities could complicate recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Nettles
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
- Currently: Kintai Therapeutics, 26 Landsdowne Street, Boston, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Kevin D Ricks
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
- Currently: Program in Ecology, Evolution and Conservation Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Roger T Koide
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA.
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Pingkui Enema Alleviates TNBS-Induced Ulcerative Colitis by Regulation of Inflammatory Factors, Gut Bifidobacterium, and Intestinal Mucosal Barrier in Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:3896948. [PMID: 32831864 PMCID: PMC7428901 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3896948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic recurrent inflammation of the colon, and clinical outcome of UC is still unsatisfied. Pingkui enema, a traditional Chinese medicine prescription, has been safely applied for the treatment of diarrhea and dysentery in clinic for many years. However, its mechanism is still elusive. The present study is designed to investigate the effect of Pingkui enema on trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid- (TNBS-) induced ulcerative colitis (UC) and possible mechanism in rats. Methods UC was induced by intracolonic instillation of TNBS in male Sprague-Dawley rats, which were treated with different dosages of Pingkui enema (low, medium, and high) or sulfasalazine for ten days. Survival rate was calculated. A clinical disease activity score was evaluated. Histological colitis severity was analyzed by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. Content of Bifidobacterium in intestinal tissue was analyzed by RT-PCR. Concentration of IL-8, IL-13, TNF-α, D-lactic acid (D-LA), and diamine oxidase (DAO) in serum and contents of adhesin and receptor of Bifidobacterium adhesion in rat intestinal mucus were measured by ELISA. Results The results showed that Pingkui enema treatment with high dosage markedly improved the survival rate compared with untreated and sulfasalazine treated groups. All dosages of Pingkui enema reduced pathological score. High dosage of Pingkui enema and sulfasalazine treatments significantly reduced the serum concentration of IL-8, TNF-α, D-LA, and DAO and markedly increased the serum concentration of IL-13. In addition, high-dose Pingkui enema and sulfasalazine treatments increased gut content of Bifidobacterium, gut mucus expressions of adhesin, and adhesin receptor of Bifidobacterium. Conclusions Pingkui enema has therapeutic effect on TNBS-induced UC, and possible mechanism may be via regulation of gut probiotics (Bifidobacterium) and inflammatory factors and protection of intestinal mucosal barrier.
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Akkol EK, Karpuz B, Sobarzo-Sánchez E, Khan H. A phytopharmacological overview of medicinal plants used for prophylactic and treatment of colitis. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 144:111628. [PMID: 32738379 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases are chronic diseases that develop on the genetic background. They are characterized by an idiopathic, chronic course and periods of activation and remission. However, genetic and environmental factors are thought to play a role in its pathogenesis. Significant improvements in treatment strategies have been witnessed. Depending on the severity of the disease, mesalamine, immunosuppressants, anti-TNF, anti-integrin, Janus kinase inhibitors, and thiopurines can be used for treatment. However, these treatments have side effects such as headache, dizziness, nausea, loss of appetite, hair loss, gas, vomiting, rash, fever, and decreased white blood cell count. The search for treatment that may be a safer alternative, immunomodulatory, and immunosuppressive therapy has gained importance nowadays. Herbal medicine is preferred to treat a wide range of acute and chronic gastrointestinal diseases, including ulcerative colitis. Preclinical and clinical studies show that plants are promising in terms of their use in treating pathological conditions. The effectiveness of plants in treating ulcerative colitis has been determined. However, more studies are needed to explore the long-term effects of these herbal medicines. The present review presents information on medicinal plants and phytochemicals reported for use or potential of application in ulcerative colitis, a type of inflammatory bowel diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Küpeli Akkol
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Etiler, 06330, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Büşra Karpuz
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Etiler, 06330, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Eduardo Sobarzo-Sánchez
- Instituto de Investigación en Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Central de Chile, 8330507, Santiago, Chile; Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, 23200, Pakistan.
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64
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Risk of colorectal cancer in inflammatory bowel diseases. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 64:51-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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65
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Bosch S, Wintjens DSJ, Wicaksono A, Kuijvenhoven J, van der Hulst R, Stokkers P, Daulton E, Pierik MJ, Covington JA, de Meij TGJ, de Boer NKH. The faecal scent of inflammatory bowel disease: Detection and monitoring based on volatile organic compound analysis. Dig Liver Dis 2020; 52:745-752. [PMID: 32402741 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2020.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is diagnosed and monitored using endoscopic assessment, which is invasive and costly. In this study, potential of faecal volatile organic compounds (VOC) analysis for IBD detection and identification of disease activity was evaluated. METHODS IBD patients visiting outpatient clinics of participating tertiary hospitals were included. Active disease was defined as FCP ≥250 mg/g, remission as FCP <100 mg/g with Harvey Bradshaw Index <4 for Crohn's disease (CD) or Simple Clinical Colitis Activity Index <3 for ulcerative colitis (UC). Healthy controls (HC) were patients without mucosal abnormalities during colonoscopy. Faecal samples were measured using gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry. RESULTS A total of 280 IBD patients collected 107 CDa, 84 CDr, 80 UCa and 63 UCr samples. Additionally, 227 HC provided one faecal sample. UC and CD were discriminated from HC with high accuracy (AUC (95%CI): UCa vs HC 0.96(0.94-0.99); UCr vs HC 0.95(0.93-0.98); CDa vs HC 0.96(0.94-0.99); CDr vs HC 0.95(0.93-0.98)). There were small differences between UC and CD (0.55(0.50-0.6)) and no differences between active disease and remission (UCa vs UCr 0.63(0.44-0.82); CDa vs CDr 0.52(0.39-0.65)). CONCLUSION Our study outcomes imply that faecal VOC analysis holds potential for identifying biomarkers for IBD detection but not for monitoring disease activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Bosch
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, AG&M research institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Dion S J Wintjens
- MUMC+, Maastricht University, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Alfian Wicaksono
- University of Warwick, School of Engineering, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Johan Kuijvenhoven
- Spaarne Gasthuis, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hoofddorp and Haarlem, The Netherlands
| | - René van der Hulst
- Spaarne Gasthuis, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hoofddorp and Haarlem, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter Stokkers
- OLVG West, Department of Gastroenterology and hepatology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Emma Daulton
- University of Warwick, School of Engineering, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Marieke J Pierik
- MUMC+, Maastricht University, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - James A Covington
- University of Warwick, School of Engineering, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Tim G J de Meij
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, AG&M research institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nanne K H de Boer
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, AG&M research institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Schulz-Kuhnt A, Wirtz S, Neurath MF, Atreya I. Regulation of Human Innate Lymphoid Cells in the Context of Mucosal Inflammation. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1062. [PMID: 32655549 PMCID: PMC7324478 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Since their identification as a unique cell population, innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) have revolutionized our understanding of immune responses, leaving their impact on multiple inflammatory and fibrotic pathologies without doubt. Thus, a tightly controlled regulation of local ILC numbers and their activity is of crucial importance. Even though this has been extensively studied in murine ILCs in the last few years, our knowledge of human ILCs is still lagging behind. Our review article will therefore summarize recent insights into the function of human ILCs and will particularly focus on their regulation under inflammatory conditions. The quality and intensity of ILC involvement into local immune responses at mucosal sites of the human body can potentially be modulated via three different axes: (1) activation of tissue-resident mature ILCs, (2) plasticity and local transdifferentiation of specific ILC subsets, and (3) tissue migration and accumulation of peripheral ILCs. Despite a still ongoing scientific effort in this field, already existing data on the fate of human ILCs under different pathologic conditions clearly indicate that all three of these mechanisms are of relevance for the clinical course of chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases and might likewise provide new target structures for future therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Imke Atreya
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
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La-Ongkham O, Nakphaichit M, Nakayama J, Keawsompong S, Nitisinprasert S. Age-related changes in the gut microbiota and the core gut microbiome of healthy Thai humans. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:276. [PMID: 32537376 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02265-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbial diversity of Thai people was investigated between two large cohorts, adult and elderly subjects, from the middle region of Thailand; the cohorts were divided into different age groups of healthy adult (73) and elderly subjects (47). The diversities of the groups were characterized using a pyrosequencing technique with primers targeting the V6-V8 region of the 16S rRNA gene, and a significant decrease in the Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes ratio from 7.3 to 4.5 was observed with increased age. The microbiota of the adult and elderly groups had a significantly higher abundance of the phylum Actinobacteria, including the three species Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifidobacterium longum and Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum, and the phylum Bacteroidetes containing the four species Bacteroides uniformis, Bacteroides ovatus, Bacteroides caccae and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron. Firmicutes showed no significant differences between the two groups. Eleven species belonging to Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria were shared by at least 90% of all subjects and defined as core gut microbiota of healthy Thai, among which a high abundance of Escherichia coli was particularly characterized in Thai elderly individuals. Multiple linear regression analysis of age, gender, BMI and diet consumption frequency showed the correlation of age with Bacteroides and Bifidobacterium. Rice consumption frequency showed a significant positive correlation with Bacteroides, while no correlation was found for other factors. Taken together, in the gut of Thai adults, Bifidobacterium decreased and Bacteroides increased with age, while rice consumption increased the abundance of Bacteroides. These link of age and food, especially rice carbohydrate, to gut microbiota and health could be ultimately proposed as the Thai feature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orawan La-Ongkham
- Specialized Research Unit: Probiotics and Prebiotics for Health, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngam Wong Wan Rd., Lat Yao Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900 Thailand
- Center for Advanced Studies for Agriculture and Food, KU Institute for Advanced Studies (CASAF, NRU-KU, Thailand), Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900 Thailand
- Institution of Food Research and Product Development, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngam Wong Wan Rd., Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900 Thailand
| | - Massalin Nakphaichit
- Specialized Research Unit: Probiotics and Prebiotics for Health, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngam Wong Wan Rd., Lat Yao Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900 Thailand
- Center for Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Agricultural Biotechnology, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Cumpus, Nakhon Pathom, 73140 Thailand
| | - Jiro Nakayama
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Suttipun Keawsompong
- Specialized Research Unit: Probiotics and Prebiotics for Health, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngam Wong Wan Rd., Lat Yao Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900 Thailand
- Center for Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Agricultural Biotechnology, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Cumpus, Nakhon Pathom, 73140 Thailand
| | - Sunee Nitisinprasert
- Specialized Research Unit: Probiotics and Prebiotics for Health, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngam Wong Wan Rd., Lat Yao Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900 Thailand
- Center for Advanced Studies for Agriculture and Food, KU Institute for Advanced Studies (CASAF, NRU-KU, Thailand), Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900 Thailand
- Center for Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Agricultural Biotechnology, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Cumpus, Nakhon Pathom, 73140 Thailand
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68
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Shahir NM, Wang JR, Wolber EA, Schaner MS, Frank DN, Ir D, Robertson CE, Chaumont N, Sadiq TS, Koruda MJ, Rahbar R, Nix BD, Newberry RD, Sartor RB, Sheikh SZ, Furey TS. Crohn's Disease Differentially Affects Region-Specific Composition and Aerotolerance Profiles of Mucosally Adherent Bacteria. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2020; 26:1843-1855. [PMID: 32469069 PMCID: PMC7676424 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izaa103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The intestinal microbiota play a key role in the onset, progression, and recurrence of Crohn disease (CD). Most microbiome studies assay fecal material, which does not provide region-specific information on mucosally adherent bacteria that directly interact with host systems. Changes in luminal oxygen have been proposed as a contributor to CD dybiosis. METHODS The authors generated 16S rRNA data using colonic and ileal mucosal bacteria from patients with CD and without inflammatory bowel disease. We developed profiles reflecting bacterial abundance within defined aerotolerance categories. Bacterial diversity, composition, and aerotolerance profiles were compared across intestinal regions and disease phenotypes. RESULTS Bacterial diversity decreased in CD in both the ileum and the colon. Aerotolerance profiles significantly differed between intestinal segments in patients without inflammatory bowel disease, although both were dominated by obligate anaerobes, as expected. In CD, high relative levels of obligate anaerobes were maintained in the colon and increased in the ileum. Relative abundances of similar and distinct taxa were altered in colon and ileum. Notably, several obligate anaerobes, such as Bacteroides fragilis, dramatically increased in CD in one or both intestinal segments, although specific increasing taxa varied across patients. Increased abundance of taxa from the Proteobacteria phylum was found only in the ileum. Bacterial diversity was significantly reduced in resected tissues of patients who developed postoperative disease recurrence across 2 independent cohorts, with common lower abundance of bacteria from the Bacteroides, Streptococcus, and Blautia genera. CONCLUSIONS Mucosally adherent bacteria in the colon and ileum show distinct alterations in CD that provide additional insights not revealed in fecal material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur M Shahir
- Curriculum in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of North Carolina (UNC) at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA,Department of Genetics, UNC at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA,Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, UNC at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jeremy R Wang
- Department of Genetics, UNC at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - E Ashley Wolber
- Department of Medicine, UNC at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Matthew S Schaner
- Department of Medicine, UNC at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Daniel N Frank
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Diana Ir
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Charles E Robertson
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Nicole Chaumont
- Department of Surgery, UNC at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Timothy S Sadiq
- Department of Surgery, UNC at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Mark J Koruda
- Department of Surgery, UNC at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Reza Rahbar
- Department of Surgery, REX Healthcare of Wakefield, Wakefield, North Carolina, USA
| | - B Darren Nix
- Division of Gastroenterology, John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Rodney D Newberry
- Division of Gastroenterology, John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - R Balfour Sartor
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, UNC at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA,Department of Medicine, UNC at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Shehzad Z Sheikh
- Department of Genetics, UNC at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA,Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, UNC at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA,Department of Medicine, UNC at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Terrence S Furey
- Department of Genetics, UNC at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA,Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, UNC at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, UNC at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA,Department of Biology, UNC at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA,Address correspondence to: Terrence S. Furey, PhD, Departments of Genetics and Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 5022 Genetic Medicine Building, 120 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 ()
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Lu Z, Xiong W, Xiao S, Lin Y, Yu K, Yue G, Liu Q, Li F, Liang J. Huanglian Jiedu Decoction ameliorates DSS-induced colitis in mice via the JAK2/STAT3 signalling pathway. Chin Med 2020; 15:45. [PMID: 32411291 PMCID: PMC7206681 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-020-00327-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an intestinal disease which was characterized by intestinal inflammation, mucosal injury and fibrosis. In this paper, the effect of Huanglian Jiedu Decoction (HJD), a well-known traditional Chinese medicine with significant anti-inflammatory effect, on dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)-induced UC in mice and inhibition of JAK2/STAT3 pathway were investigated. Methods BALB/c mice were randomly divided into 6 groups: HJD group (high, medium and low dose), USAN group, UC group, and control group. UC in mice were induced through free access to 3% DSS solution. After being treated with HJD for 8 days, all animals were sacrifice. Pathological examination of colonic specimen was performed by H&E staining. Cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β) in colon were assayed by ELISA and immunofluorescence, MPO in colon and ATT in serum were detected by ELISA. Moreover, mice in HJD group and UC group were treated with AG490 to inhibit the expression of JAK2 protein, then the expression of JAK2 and STAT3 protein in colon was determined by western blotting and immunofluorescence staining. Furthermore, KI67 in colon was examined by immunohistochemistry, and apoptosis was detected by TUNEL staining, and collagen deposition was assayed by Masson staining after JAK2/STAT3 pathway in UC mice was inhibited by HJD. Results After mice being treated with HJD, the symptoms (weight loss and haematochezia) of UC were alleviated, and the contents of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β) and MPO in colon were significantly decreased. The expression of JAK2 and STAT3 protein was reduced after administration with HJD. After JAK2/STAT3 pathway being inhibited with HJD, the cell apoptosis, collagen deposition and immunoreactivity of macrophage in colon were significantly reduced, but the expression of Ki67 was markedly enhanced in both UC group and HJD group compare with control group. Conclusions HJD treatment can alleviate intestinal mucosal damage and has the protective effect on UC by downregulating JAK2 and STAT3 expression to reduce inflammation via JAK2/STAT3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Lu
- 1Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530001 China
| | - Wanna Xiong
- 2Department of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical College, Nanning, 530023 China
| | - Simeng Xiao
- 1Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530001 China
| | - Yilong Lin
- 1Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530001 China
| | - Kai Yu
- 3College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004 China
| | - Guihua Yue
- 2Department of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical College, Nanning, 530023 China
| | - Qiaoming Liu
- 1Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530001 China
| | - Fang Li
- 1Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530001 China
| | - Jianqin Liang
- 1Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530001 China
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Silva NOE, de Brito BB, da Silva FAF, Santos MLC, de Melo FF. Probiotics in inflammatory bowel disease: Does it work? World J Meta-Anal 2020; 8:54-66. [DOI: 10.13105/wjma.v8.i2.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The number of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), a group of diseases mainly represented by Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), has increased in recent decades. As a consequence, the number of people undergoing any drug treatment against these diseases has expanded. However, IBD conventional therapies present several limitations, which lead researchers to look for better alternatives to improve the quality of life of patients. Moreover, microbiome imbalance seems to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of IBD, since important alterations in bacterial, viral, protist and fungal populations are observed in the gut microbiota of affected individuals. Given the importance of such life forms in that context, the use of probiotics becomes a plausible alternative for treating affected patients. Trials have been developed aiming the evaluation of probiotics potential to induce and to maintain remission in CD and UC. Regarding the tested microorganisms, various non-pathogenic bacteria and fungi have been assessed. However, consistent results have been obtained only with some of them, including Escherichia coli Nissle 1917, VSL#3, Saccharomyces boulardii, Lactobacillus, and Bifidobacterium. Therefore, this minireview aims to explore the role of microbiota in the genesis of such a disorder and to compile the most concrete data on probiotic-related efficiency in IBD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália Oliveira e Silva
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Breno Bittencourt de Brito
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Luísa Cordeiro Santos
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Fabrício Freire de Melo
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
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Yang Y, Song X, Chen A, Wang H, Chai L. Exposure to copper altered the intestinal microbiota in Chinese brown frog (Rana chensinensis). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:13855-13865. [PMID: 32036523 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-07856-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal microbiota is a crucial physiological system that offers multiple services to the host and contributes to the health of host. However, substantially less is known concerning the interrelation between amphibian gut microbiota and Cu exposure. R. chensinensis larvae were exposed to different concentrations of Cu (0, 0.1, 0.25, 0.75 μM) until reached Gosner stage 38. Histological and morphological data were measured by four Cu exposure conditions. Then, the diversity, structure, and composition of intestinal microbiota were analyzed via 16S rRNA gene sequencing. These results indicated that total body length, intestinal wet weight, and total body wet weight were reduced in 0.75 μM CuSO4 exposure group. Besides, obvious histopathologic alterations were observed in CuSO4 exposure groups. Alpha diversity significantly differentiated in 0.75 μM CuSO4 exposure group, and beta diversity showed 0.1 μM and 0.2 μM CuSO4 exposure groups separation with the control group. At the phylum level of intestinal microbial community, the relative abundances of Fusobacteria were significantly decreased, while Bacteroidetes was no significant difference in all CuSO4 exposure groups. Furthermore, at the genera level, Flavobacterium has a significant higher abundance in 0.75 μM CuSO4 exposure group, and high abundance of Rahnella was found in 0.1 μM CuSO4 exposure group. Also, Cu exposure affected the metabolism function of R. chensinensis tadpoles based on functional prediction analysis. This work provides new perspective to explore the effect of heavy metal on the intestinal health of amphibians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijie Yang
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, China
- Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effect in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710062, China
| | - Xiuling Song
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, China
- Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effect in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710062, China
| | - Aixia Chen
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, China
- Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effect in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710062, China
| | - Hongyuan Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, China
| | - Lihong Chai
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, China.
- Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effect in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710062, China.
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Dovrolis N, Michalopoulos G, Theodoropoulos GE, Arvanitidis K, Kolios G, Sechi LA, Eliopoulos AG, Gazouli M. The Interplay between Mucosal Microbiota Composition and Host Gene-Expression is Linked with Infliximab Response in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8030438. [PMID: 32244928 PMCID: PMC7143962 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8030438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Even though anti-TNF therapy significantly improves the rates of remission in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients, there is a noticeable subgroup of patients who do not respond to treatment. Dysbiosis emerges as a key factor in IBD pathogenesis. The aim of the present study is to profile changes in the gut microbiome and transcriptome before and after administration of the anti-TNF agent Infliximab (IFX) and investigate their potential to predict patient response to IFX at baseline. Mucosal biopsy samples from 20 IBD patients and nine healthy controls (HC) were examined for differences in microbiota composition (16S rRNA gene sequencing) and mucosal gene expression (RT-qPCR) at baseline and upon completion of IFX treatment, accordingly, via an in silico pipeline. Significant differences in microbiota composition were found between the IBD and HC groups. Several bacterial genera, which were found only in IBD patients and not HC, had their populations dramatically reduced after anti-TNF treatment regardless of response. Alpha and beta diversity metrics showed significant differences between our study groups. Correlation analysis revealed six microbial genera associated with differential expression of inflammation-associated genes in IFX treatment responders at baseline. This study shows that IFX treatment has a notable impact on both the gut microbial composition and the inflamed tissue transcriptome in IBD patients. Importantly, our results identify enterotypes that correlate with transcriptome changes and help differentiate IFX responders versus non-responders at baseline, suggesting that, in combination, these signatures can be an effective tool to predict anti-TNF response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolas Dovrolis
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis 68100, Greece; (N.D.); (K.A.); (G.K.)
| | | | - George E. Theodoropoulos
- 1st Propaedeutic University Surgery Clinic, Hippocratio General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece;
| | - Kostantinos Arvanitidis
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis 68100, Greece; (N.D.); (K.A.); (G.K.)
| | - George Kolios
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis 68100, Greece; (N.D.); (K.A.); (G.K.)
| | - Leonardo A. Sechi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari 07100, Italy;
| | - Aristidis G. Eliopoulos
- Laboratory of Biology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece;
- Centre of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens (BRFAA) 11527, Greece
| | - Maria Gazouli
- Laboratory of Biology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece;
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +30-21-07462231
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Protective effect of Saccharomyces boulardii on intestinal mucosal barrier of dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis in mice. Chin Med J (Engl) 2020; 132:1951-1958. [PMID: 31335471 PMCID: PMC6708699 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000000364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The effect and mechanism of Saccharomyces boulardii (Sb) in inflammatory bowel disease are unclear. The objective of the study was to evaluate the impact of Sb on intestinal mucosal barrier and intestinal flora in a colitis mouse model. Methods: Forty C57BL/6J male mice were randomly assigned to five groups: normal control group (A), pathologic control group (B), Sb treatment group (C), mesalazine treatment group (D), and Sb combined with mesalazine treatment group (E). Colitis was induced by the addition of 2.5% (wt/vol) dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) in the drinking water ad libitum for 7 days. The general condition, weight change, stool property, and bloody stool level of mice were observed to evaluate the disease activity index. The expression of zona occludens-1 (ZO-1) and occludin in intestinal tissue were measured by immunohistochemistry. The level of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL)-8 in plasma was measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Inter-cellular tight junctions were observed by transmission electron microscopy. The feces and intestinal contents were collected sterilely, and intestinal flora was analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing. Results: Compared with group B, Sb reduced the disease activity index and histological score of group C (disease activity index: group B 2.708 ± 0.628, group C 1.542 ± 0.616, PBC = 0.005; histological score: group B 9.875 ± 3.271, group C 4.750 ± 1.832, PBC = 0.005) in DSS-induced colitis in mice. Sb exerted a protect effect on the expression of ZO-1 (group B 2.075 ± 1.176, group C 4.225 ± 1.316, PBC = 0.019) and occludin (group B 2.200 ± 0.968, group C 3.525 ± 1.047, PBC = 0.023). Compared with group B, Sb decreased the level of TNF-α and IL-8 of group C (TNF-α: group B 716.323 ± 44.691 ng/L, group C 521.740 ± 90.121 ng/L, PBC = 0.001; IL-8: group B 128.992 ± 11.475 pg/mL, group C 106.283 ± 15.906 pg/mL, PBC = 0.012). Treatment with Sb preserved the tight junctions and ameliorated microvilli and inter-cellular space. Treatment with Sb also showed its own characteristics: a higher percentage of Bacteroidetes and a lower percentage of Firmicutes, with significant differences or a significant trend. The proportion of the S24-7 family was increased significantly in the Sb treatment group. Conclusions: Sb shows an anti-inflammatory effect and has a protective effect on the intestinal mucosal mechanical barrier. Sb may up-regulate the abundance of family S24-7 specifically, and maybe a mechanism underlying its function.
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Stolzer I, Kaden-Volynets V, Ruder B, Letizia M, Bittel M, Rausch P, Basic M, Bleich A, Baines JF, Neurath MF, Wirtz S, Weidinger C, Bischoff SC, Becker C, Günther C. Environmental Microbial Factors Determine the Pattern of Inflammatory Lesions in a Murine Model of Crohn's Disease-Like Inflammation. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2020; 26:66-79. [PMID: 31276162 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izz142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Crohn's disease (CD) patients can be grouped into patients suffering from ileitis, ileocolitis, jejunoileitis, and colitis. The pathophysiological mechanism underlying this regional inflammation is still unknown. Although most murine models of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) develop inflammation in the colon, there is an unmet need for novel models that recapitulate the spontaneous and fluctuating nature of inflammation as seen in CD. Recently, mice with an intestinal epithelial cell-specific deletion for Caspase-8 (Casp8ΔIEC mice), which are characterized by cell death-driven ileitis and disrupted Paneth cell homeostasis, have been identified as a novel model of CD-like ileitis. Here we uncovered that genetic susceptibility alone is sufficient to drive ileitis in Casp8ΔIEC mice. In sharp contrast, environmental factors, such as a disease-relevant microbial flora, determine colonic inflammation. Accordingly, depending on the microbial environment, isogenic Casp8ΔIEC mice either exclusively developed ileitis or suffered from pathologies in several parts of the gastrointestinal tract. Colitis in these mice was characterized by massive epithelial cell death, leading to spread of commensal gut microbes to the extra-intestinal space and hence an aberrant activation of the systemic immunity. We further uncovered that Casp8ΔIEC mice show qualitative and quantitative changes in the intestinal microbiome associated with an altered mucosal and systemic immune response. In summary, we identified that inflammation in this murine model of CD-like inflammation is characterized by an immune reaction, presumably directed against a disease-relevant microbiota in a genetically susceptible host, with impaired mucosal barrier function and bacterial clearance at the epithelial interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Stolzer
- Department of Medicine 1, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Barbara Ruder
- Department of Medicine 1, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Marilena Letizia
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Medizinische Klinik für Gastroenterologie, Infektiologie und Rheumatologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Miriam Bittel
- Department of Medicine 1, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Philipp Rausch
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Evolutionary Genomics, Plön, Germany.,Institute for Experimental Medicine, Evolutionary Genomics, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Marijana Basic
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - André Bleich
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - John F Baines
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Evolutionary Genomics, Plön, Germany.,Institute for Experimental Medicine, Evolutionary Genomics, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Markus F Neurath
- Department of Medicine 1, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stefan Wirtz
- Department of Medicine 1, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Carl Weidinger
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Medizinische Klinik für Gastroenterologie, Infektiologie und Rheumatologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephan C Bischoff
- Department of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Christoph Becker
- Department of Medicine 1, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Claudia Günther
- Department of Medicine 1, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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75
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Kaur H, Bose C, Mande SS. Tryptophan Metabolism by Gut Microbiome and Gut-Brain-Axis: An in silico Analysis. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:1365. [PMID: 31920519 PMCID: PMC6930238 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.01365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The link between gut microbiome and brain is being slowly acknowledged due to the speculated role of resident gut microbial community in altering the functions of gut-brain axis (GBA). Recently, a number of microbial metabolites (referred to as neuro-active metabolites) produced through tryptophan metabolism have been suggested to influence the GBA. In view of this, the current study focuses on microbial tryptophan metabolism pathways which produce neuro-active metabolites. An in silico analysis was performed on bacterial genomes as well as publicly available gut microbiome data. The results provide a comprehensive catalog of the analyzed pathways across bacteria. The analysis indicates an enrichment of tryptophan metabolism pathways in five gut-associated phyla, namely, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, and Fusobacteria. Further, five genera, namely, Clostridium, Burkholderia, Streptomyces, Pseudomonas, and Bacillus have been predicted to be enriched in terms of number of the analyzed tryptophan metabolism pathways, suggesting a higher potential of these bacterial groups to metabolize tryptophan in gut. Analysis of available microbiome data corresponding to gut samples from patients of neurological diseases and healthy individuals suggests probable association of different sets of tryptophan metabolizing bacterial pathways with the etiology of different diseases. The insights obtained from the present study are expected to provide directions toward designing of microbiome based diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for neurological diseases/disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sharmila S. Mande
- Life Sciences R&D, TCS Research, Tata Consultancy Services, Pune, India
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76
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Effect of Low-Protein Diet and Inulin on Microbiota and Clinical Parameters in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11123006. [PMID: 31818021 PMCID: PMC6950025 DOI: 10.3390/nu11123006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The gut microbiota has coevolved with humans for a mutually beneficial coexistence and plays an important role in health and disease. A dysbiotic gut microbiome may contribute to progression to chronic kidney disease (CKD) and CKD-related complications such as cardiovascular disease. Microbiota modulation through the administration of prebiotics may represent an important therapeutic target. Aim: We sought to evaluate the effects of a low-protein diet (LPD) (0.6 g/kg/day) with or without the intake of the prebiotic inulin (19 g/day) on microbiota and clinical parameters in CKD patients. Materials and Methods: We performed a longitudinal, prospective, controlled, and interventional study on 16 patients: 9 patients treated with LPD (0.6 g/kg/day) and inulin (19 g/day) and 7 patients (control group) treated only with LPD (0.6 g/kg/day). Clinical evaluations were performed and fecal samples were collected for a subsequent evaluation of the intestinal microbiota in all patients. These tests were carried out before the initiation of LPD, with or without inulin, at baseline (T0) and at 6 months (T2). The microbiota of 16 healthy control (HC) subjects was also analyzed in order to identify potential dysbiosis between patients and healthy subjects. Results: Gut microbiota of CKD patients was different from that of healthy controls. The LPD was able to significantly increase the frequencies of Akkermansiaceae and Bacteroidaceae and decrease the frequencies of Christensenellaceae, Clostridiaceae, Lactobacillaceae, and Pasteurellaceae. Only Bifidobacteriaceae were increased when the LPD was accompanied by oral inulin intake. We showed a significant reduction of serum uric acid (SUA) and C-reactive protein (CRP) in patients treated with LPD and inulin (p = 0.018 and p = 0.003, respectively), an improvement in SF-36 (physical role functioning and general health perceptions; p = 0.03 and p = 0.01, respectively), and a significant increase of serum bicarbonate both in patients treated with LPD (p = 0.026) or with LPD and inulin (p = 0.01). Moreover, in patients treated with LPD and inulin, we observed a significant reduction in circulating tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) (p = 0.041) and plasma nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase (NOX2) (p = 0.027) levels. We did not find a significant difference in the circulating levels of Interleukin (IL)-1β (p = 0.529) and IL-6 (p = 0.828) in the two groups. Conclusions: LPD, associated or not with inulin, modified gut microbiota and modulated inflammatory and metabolic parameters in patients with CKD. Our results suggest that interventions attempting to modulate the gut microbiome may represent novel strategies to improve clinical outcomes in CKD patients and may provide useful therapeutic effects.
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77
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Wang A, Zhu S. Gut viruses firm the “Great Wall”. PRECISION CLINICAL MEDICINE 2019; 2:209-212. [PMID: 35693878 PMCID: PMC8985767 DOI: 10.1093/pcmedi/pbz027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anmin Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Shu Zhu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
- School of Data Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Centre for Excellence in Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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78
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Schmidt J, Weigert M, Leuschner C, Hartmann H, Raddatz D, Haak R, Mausberg RF, Kottmann T, Schmalz G, Ziebolz D. Active matrix metalloproteinase-8 and periodontal bacteria-interlink between periodontitis and inflammatory bowel disease? J Periodontol 2019; 89:699-707. [PMID: 29574823 DOI: 10.1002/jper.17-0486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was the investigation of concentration and prevalence of selected periodontal pathogenic bacteria and concentration of active matrix metalloproteinase-8 (aMMP-8) within a group of patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and to compare the results with a group of healthy control subjects (HC). METHODS Fifty-nine IBD patients with Crohn`s disease (CD, n = 30) or ulcerative colitis (UC, n = 29) and 59 HC were included in this cross-sectional study. Based on periodontal probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment level (CAL), periodontitis was classified as healthy/mild, moderate, or severe. aMMP-8 was analyzed from gingival crevicular fluid using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Eleven selected periodontal pathogenic bacteria were analyzed in subgingival plaque samples using polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS IBD patients showed higher CAL (P < 0.01), more severe periodontitis (P = 0.04), gingival bleeding (P < 0.01) and aMMP-8 concentration (P < 0.01) than HC. Only in CD, increasing severity of periodontitis was associated with an increase in aMMP-8 concentration (P = 0.02). The prevalences of Eubacterium nodatum and Eikenella corrodens were significantly lower in IBD compared to HC (P = 0.01). Additionally, the prevalence of Eikenella corrodens was significantly higher in CD compared to the UC group (P = 0.04). Further statistically significant differences in selected bacteria between IBD and HC or CD and UC groups could not be found (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The results reveal changes in host immune response of IBD patients in terms of aMMP-8. Only in CD increasing aMMP-8 was associated with severity of periodontal disease. The role of periodontal pathogenic bacteria in the interrelationship between IBD and periodontitis remains unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Schmidt
- Dept. of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - M Weigert
- Dept. of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Germany
| | - C Leuschner
- Dept. of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Germany
| | - H Hartmann
- Practice for Gastroenterology, Herne, Germany
| | - D Raddatz
- Clinic for Gastroenterology und Gastrointestinal Oncology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Germany
| | - R Haak
- Dept. of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - R F Mausberg
- Dept. of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Germany
| | | | - G Schmalz
- Dept. of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - D Ziebolz
- Dept. of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University of Leipzig, Germany
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79
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The Role of Gut Microbiota in Intestinal Inflammation with Respect to Diet and Extrinsic Stressors. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7080271. [PMID: 31430948 PMCID: PMC6722800 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7080271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota maintains a symbiotic relationship with the host and regulates several important functions including host metabolism, immunity, and intestinal barrier function. Intestinal inflammation and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are commonly associated with dysbiosis of the gut microbiota. Alterations in the gut microbiota and associated changes in metabolites as well as disruptions in the intestinal barrier are evidence of the relationship between the gut microbiota and intestinal inflammation. Recent studies have found that many factors may alter the gut microbiota, with the effects of diet being commonly-studied. Extrinsic stressors, including environmental stressors, antibiotic exposure, sleep disturbance, physical activity, and psychological stress, may also play important roles in altering the composition of the gut microbiota. Herein, we discuss the roles of the gut microbiota in intestinal inflammation in relation to diet and other extrinsic stressors.
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80
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Eftychi C, Schwarzer R, Vlantis K, Wachsmuth L, Basic M, Wagle P, Neurath MF, Becker C, Bleich A, Pasparakis M. Temporally Distinct Functions of the Cytokines IL-12 and IL-23 Drive Chronic Colon Inflammation in Response to Intestinal Barrier Impairment. Immunity 2019; 51:367-380.e4. [PMID: 31350179 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2019.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial barrier defects are implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD); however, the role of microbiome dysbiosis and the cytokine networks orchestrating chronic intestinal inflammation in response to barrier impairment remain poorly understood. Here, we showed that altered Schaedler flora (ASF), a benign minimal microbiota, was sufficient to trigger colitis in a mouse model of intestinal barrier impairment. Colitis development required myeloid-cell-specific adaptor protein MyD88 signaling and was orchestrated by the cytokines IL-12, IL-23, and IFN-γ. Colon inflammation was driven by IL-12 during the early stages of the disease, but as the mice aged, the pathology shifted toward an IL-23-dependent inflammatory response driving disease chronicity. These findings reveal that IL-12 and IL-23 act in a temporally distinct, biphasic manner to induce microbiota-driven chronic intestinal inflammation. Similar mechanisms might contribute to the pathogenesis of IBD particularly in patients with underlying intestinal barrier defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Eftychi
- Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Robin Schwarzer
- Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Katerina Vlantis
- Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Laurens Wachsmuth
- Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Marijana Basic
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Prerana Wagle
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Markus F Neurath
- Department of Medicine 1, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christoph Becker
- Department of Medicine 1, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - André Bleich
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Manolis Pasparakis
- Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany.
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81
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Bolsega S, Basic M, Smoczek A, Buettner M, Eberl C, Ahrens D, Odum KA, Stecher B, Bleich A. Composition of the Intestinal Microbiota Determines the Outcome of Virus-Triggered Colitis in Mice. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1708. [PMID: 31396223 PMCID: PMC6664081 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal microbiota is a complex ecosystem implicated in host health and disease. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a multifactorial chronic disorder of the gastrointestinal mucosa. Even though the exact mechanisms are still unknown, the intestinal microbiota is crucial in IBD development. We previously showed that murine norovirus (MNV) induces colitis in the Il10-deficient (Il10−/−) mouse model of IBD in a microbiota-dependent manner. Thus, in this study we analyzed whether distinct minimal bacterial consortia influence the outcome of MNV-triggered colitis in Il10−/− mice. Gnotobiotic Il10−/− mice associated with Oligo-Mouse-Microbiota 12 (OMM12) or Altered Schaedler Flora (ASF) developed little to no inflammatory lesions in the colon and cecum. MNV infection exacerbated colitis severity only in ASF-colonized mice, but not in those associated with OMM12. Four weeks after MNV infection, inflammatory lesions in ASF-colonized Il10−/− mice were characterized by epithelial hyperplasia, infiltration of inflammatory cells, and increased barrier permeability. Co-colonization of ASF-colonized Il10−/− mice with segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB) abolished MNV-induced colitis, whereas histopathological scores in SFB-OMM12-co-colonized mice stayed unchanged. Moreover, SFB only colonized mice associated with ASF. The SFB-mediated protective effects in ASF-colonized mice involved enhanced activation of intestinal barrier defense mechanisms and mucosal immune responses in the chronic and acute phase of MNV infection. SFB colonization strengthened intestinal barrier function by increasing expression of tight junction proteins, antimicrobial peptides and mucus. Furthermore, SFB colonization enhanced the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as Tnfα, Il1β, and Il12a, as well as the expression of the regulatory cytokine Tgfβ. Altogether, our results showed that MNV-triggered colitis depends on the microbial context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Bolsega
- Hannover Medical School, Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hanover, Germany
| | - Marijana Basic
- Hannover Medical School, Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hanover, Germany
| | - Anna Smoczek
- Hannover Medical School, Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hanover, Germany
| | - Manuela Buettner
- Hannover Medical School, Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hanover, Germany
| | - Claudia Eberl
- Faculty of Medicine, Max von Pettenkofer Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Ahrens
- Hannover Medical School, Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hanover, Germany
| | - Kodwo Appoh Odum
- Hannover Medical School, Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hanover, Germany
| | - Bärbel Stecher
- Faculty of Medicine, Max von Pettenkofer Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Center of Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andre Bleich
- Hannover Medical School, Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hanover, Germany
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Andoh A, Inoue R, Kawada Y, Morishima S, Inatomi O, Ohno M, Bamba S, Nishida A, Kawahara M, Naito Y. Elemental diet induces alterations of the gut microbial community in mice. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2019; 65:118-124. [PMID: 31592206 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.19-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate elemental diet (ED)-induced alteration of the fecal and mucosal microbiome in mice. The control group was fed a normal chow and the ED group was fed normal chow containing 50% w/w Elental® (EA Pharma, Tokyo, Japan) for 28 days. Fecal and mucosal microbiome were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. In the fecal samples, the observed species, an index for microbial richness, was significantly decreased in the ED group. Principal coordinate analysis revealed that there were significant compositional differences between the control and ED groups (PERMANOVA p = 0.0007 for unweighted and p = 0.002 for weighted UniFrac distance, respectively). In contrast, there was no significant difference in the overall structure of mucosal microbiome between the control and ED groups. In the fecal samples, abundance of the genera Adlercreutzia, Akkermansia, Streptococcus, Helicobacter, Coprobacillus and Coprococcus was significantly reduced in the ED group compared to the control group. Abundance of the genera Lactobacillus and Staphylococcus was significantly increased in the ED group. In a functional analysis using PICRUSt software, ED altered various pathways involved in amino acid metabolism of the gut microbiome. In conclusion, ED caused a reduction in bacterial diversity and altered metabolic functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Andoh
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-Tsukinowa, Otsu 520-2192, Japan
| | - Ryo Inoue
- Laboratory of Animal Science, Department of Agriculture and Life Science, Kyoto Prefectural University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan
| | - Yuki Kawada
- Laboratory of Animal Science, Department of Agriculture and Life Science, Kyoto Prefectural University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan
| | - So Morishima
- Laboratory of Animal Science, Department of Agriculture and Life Science, Kyoto Prefectural University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan
| | - Osamu Inatomi
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-Tsukinowa, Otsu 520-2192, Japan
| | - Masashi Ohno
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-Tsukinowa, Otsu 520-2192, Japan
| | - Shigeki Bamba
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-Tsukinowa, Otsu 520-2192, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nishida
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-Tsukinowa, Otsu 520-2192, Japan
| | - Masahiko Kawahara
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta-Tsukinowa, Otsu 520-2192, Japan
| | - Yuji Naito
- Department of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
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83
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Zhang YL, Cai LT, Qi JY, Lin YZ, Dai YC, Jiao N, Chen YL, Zheng L, Wang BB, Zhu LX, Tang ZP, Zhu RX. Gut microbiota contributes to the distinction between two traditional Chinese medicine syndromes of ulcerative colitis. World J Gastroenterol 2019; 25:3242-3255. [PMID: 31333315 PMCID: PMC6626730 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i25.3242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ulcerative colitis (UC) is considered to be closely associated with alteration of intestinal microorganisms. According to the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) theory, UC can be divided into two disease syndromes called Pi-Xu-Shi-Yun (PXSY) and Da-Chang-Shi-Re (DCSR). The relationships among gut microbiota, TCM syndromes, and UC pathogenesis have not been well investigated.
AIM To investigate the role of gut microbiota in UC and the distinction of microbiota dysbiosis between PXSY and DCSR syndromes.
METHODS From May 2015 to February 2016, UC patients presenting to LongHua Hospital who met the established inclusion and exclusion criteria were enrolled in this retrospective study. Fresh stool specimens of UC patients with PXSY or DCSR were collected. The feces of the control group came from the health examination population of Longhua Hospital. The composition of gut bacterial communities in stool samples was determined by the pyrosequencing of 16S ribosomal RNA. The high-throughput sequencing reads were processed with QIIME, and biological functions were predicted using Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States.
RESULTS The composition of gut bacterial communities in 93 stool samples (30 healthy controls, 32 patients with PXSY syndrome, and 31 patients with DCSR syndrome) was determined by the pyrosequencing of 16S ribosomal RNA. Beta diversity showed that the composition of the microbiota was different among the three groups. At the family level, Porphyromonadaceae, Rikeneliaceae, and Lachnospiraceae significantly decreased while Enterococcus, Streptococcus, and other potential pathogens significantly increased in UC patients compared to healthy subjects. At the genus level, Parabacteroides, Dorea, and Ruminococcus decreased while Faeca-libacterium showed increased abundance in UC compared to healthy controls. Five differential taxa were identified between PXSY and DCSR syndromes. At the genus level, a significantly increased abundance of Streptococcus was observed in DCSR patients, while Lachnoclostridium increased in PXSY patients. The differential functional pathways of the gut microbiome between the PXSY and DCSR groups mainly included lipid metabolism, immunity, and the metabolism of polypeptides.
CONCLUSION Our study suggests that the gut microbiota contributes to the distinction between the two TCM syndromes of UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Li Zhang
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, LongHua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Li-Ting Cai
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jun-Yi Qi
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, LongHua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yun-Zheng Lin
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yan-Cheng Dai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Traditional Chinese Medicine-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Na Jiao
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - You-Lan Chen
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, LongHua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lie Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Shanxi Province, Xi’an 710000, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Bei-Bei Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Li-Xin Zhu
- Genome, Environment and Microbiome Community of Excellence, the State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, United States
| | - Zhi-Peng Tang
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, LongHua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Rui-Xin Zhu
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
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84
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Neurath MF, Leppkes M. Resolution of ulcerative colitis. Semin Immunopathol 2019; 41:747-756. [DOI: 10.1007/s00281-019-00751-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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85
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Das P, Marcišauskas S, Ji B, Nielsen J. Metagenomic analysis of bile salt biotransformation in the human gut microbiome. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:517. [PMID: 31234773 PMCID: PMC6591925 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5899-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the biochemical milieu of human colon, bile acids act as signaling mediators between the host and its gut microbiota. Biotransformation of primary to secondary bile acids have been known to be involved in the immune regulation of human physiology. Several 16S amplicon-based studies with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) subjects were found to have an association with the level of fecal bile acids. However, a detailed investigation of all the bile salt biotransformation genes in the gut microbiome of healthy and IBD subjects has not been performed. RESULTS Here, we report a comprehensive analysis of the bile salt biotransformation genes and their distribution at the phyla level. Based on the analysis of shotgun metagenomes, we found that the IBD subjects harbored a significantly lower abundance of these genes compared to the healthy controls. Majority of these genes originated from Firmicutes in comparison to other phyla. From metabolomics data, we found that the IBD subjects were measured with a significantly low level of secondary bile acids and high levels of primary bile acids compared to that of the healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS Our bioinformatics-driven approach of identifying bile salt biotransformation genes predicts the bile salt biotransformation potential in the gut microbiota of IBD subjects. The functional level of dysbiosis likely contributes to the variation in the bile acid pool. This study sets the stage to envisage potential solutions to modulate the gut microbiome with the objective to restore the bile acid pool in the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Promi Das
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Simonas Marcišauskas
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Boyang Ji
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jens Nielsen
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark
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86
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Prevalence of allergic diseases in children with inflammatory bowel disease. Postepy Dermatol Alergol 2019; 36:282-290. [PMID: 31333345 PMCID: PMC6640021 DOI: 10.5114/ada.2018.81189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction There are many similarities between inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and allergic diseases, including similar epidemiological data, pathomechanism, clinical course and even treatment methods. So far, many studies of IBD comorbidity with other diseases, including allergy, but mainly in adults, have been conducted. Aim To analyse the prevalence of allergic diseases, i.e. food allergy (FA), cow’s milk allergy (CMA), atopic dermatitis (AD), allergic rhinitis (AR) and asthma in children with IBD. Material and methods The study included 105 IBD patients from the Department of Paediatrics, Allergology and Gastroenterology of Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz and 100 children without IBD from the Outpatient Clinics. The authors applied the validated questionnaire as a study method. Results At least one allergic disease was found in 26 (43%) IBD children. The allergological diagnosis was made in IBD children more frequently than in the control group (p = 0.04). The difference was more noticeable with regards to skin prick tests (p = 0.02). FA was the most common disease; it was noted in 19 (32%) IBD children; followed by: AD – in 13 (22%), CMA – in 12 (20%), AR – in 10 (17%) and asthma – in 6 (10%) children. The prevalence of allergic diseases in the control and study groups was comparable (p > 0.05). There was no correlation between age of IBD children and allergy (p > 0.05). Asthma was significantly more common in children undergoing biological treatment (p = 0.01). Conclusions Children with IBD should be constantly monitored by medical professionals, not only due to the underlying disease but also due to a possible concomitant allergic disease.
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87
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Sun M, Du B, Shi Y, Lu Y, Zhou Y, Liu B. Combined Signature of the Fecal Microbiome and Plasma Metabolome in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:3303-3315. [PMID: 31055592 PMCID: PMC6515979 DOI: 10.12659/msm.916009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ulcerative colitis is a chronic, idiopathic inflammatory disease that destroys the colon structure. Nevertheless, the exact pathogenesis is not clear and needs to be fully elucidated. Material/Methods Stool and plasma samples were used for 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, respectively. In addition, we detected the level of trimethylamine N-oxide. Finally, we performed Pearson correlation analysis between the microbiome and the metabolome. Results Twenty-three active ulcerative colitis, 25 inactive ulcerative colitis, and 30 control cases were included. Thirty-four significantly different metabolites were found between the active ulcerative colitis and control groups, 38 were found between the inactive ulcerative colitis and control groups, and only 1 was found between the active ulcerative colitis and inactive ulcerative colitis groups. The plasma trimethylamine N-oxide level of the inactive ulcerative colitis and active ulcerative colitis groups was significantly higher than that of the control group. Moreover, we identified significant changes in 24, 18, and 12 bacterial genera for active ulcerative colitis-control, inactive ulcerative colitis-control, and active ulcerative colitis-inactive ulcerative colitis, respectively. Cross-correlation indicated an association between sphingosine 1-phosphate and Roseburia, Klebsiella, and Escherichia-Shigella. Through the pathway analysis, we found sphingolipid metabolism was one of the most significantly increased pathways. Conclusions Although levels of trimethylamine N-oxide were higher in ulcerative colitis patients, they did not achieve statistical significance in active ulcerative colitis and inactive ulcerative colitis groups. Sphingosine 1-phosphate was increased in ulcerative colitis patients and there were several microbiota associated with it. Although further study is still needed, sphingosine 1-phosphate will probably become a new target for treatment of ulcerative colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China (mainland)
| | - Bing Du
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China (mainland)
| | - Yang Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China (mainland)
| | - Yue Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China (mainland)
| | - Yangyang Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China (mainland)
| | - Bingrong Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China (mainland).,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China (mainland)
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88
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Haange SB, Jehmlich N, Hoffmann M, Weber K, Lehmann J, von Bergen M, Slanina U. Disease Development Is Accompanied by Changes in Bacterial Protein Abundance and Functions in a Refined Model of Dextran Sulfate Sodium (DSS)-Induced Colitis. J Proteome Res 2019; 18:1774-1786. [PMID: 30767541 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.8b00974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Using the acute dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis model, studies have demonstrated that intestinal inflammation is accompanied by major changes in the composition of the intestinal microbiota. Only little is known about the microbial changes and more importantly their functional impact in the chronic DSS colitis model. We used a refined model of chronic DSS-induced colitis that reflects typical symptoms of the human disease without detrimental weight loss usually observed in DSS models. We sampled cecum and colon content as well as colon mucus from healthy and diseased mouse cohorts ( n = 12) and applied 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metaproteomics. An increase of Prevotella sp. in both colon content and mucus was observed. Functional differences were observed between sample types demonstrating the importance of separately sampling lumen content and mucus. The abundance of Desulfovibrio, a sulfate-reducing bacterium, was positively associated with the carbon metabolism. Lachnoclostridium was positively correlated to both vitamin B6 and tryptophan metabolism. In summary, functional changes in the distal colon caused by DSS treatment were more pronounced in the mucus-associated microbiota than in the microbiota present in the distal colon content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven-Bastiaan Haange
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology , Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ , Leipzig 04318 , Germany.,Faculty of Life Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry , University of Leipzig , Leipzig 04103 , Germany
| | - Nico Jehmlich
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology , Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ , Leipzig 04318 , Germany
| | - Maximilian Hoffmann
- Department of Therapy Validation , Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology , Leipzig 04103 , Germany
| | | | - Jörg Lehmann
- Department of Therapy Validation , Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology , Leipzig 04103 , Germany
| | - Martin von Bergen
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology , Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ , Leipzig 04318 , Germany.,Faculty of Life Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry , University of Leipzig , Leipzig 04103 , Germany
| | - Ulla Slanina
- Department of Therapy Validation , Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology , Leipzig 04103 , Germany
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89
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Atreya I, Kindermann M, Wirtz S. Innate lymphoid cells in intestinal cancer development. Semin Immunol 2019; 41:101267. [PMID: 30772139 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a highly prominent cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Although the functions of immune cells in the colorectal tumor microenvironment are complex and heterogeneous, dysregulated changes in the composition and activation state of immune cells are believed to represent key events supporting the establishment of pro- or anti-tumorigenic immune states. Recently, innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) emerged as central innate immune mediators during both gastrointestinal homeostasis and inflammatory pathologies. Hence, ILCs might also represent promising targets in the context of cancer therapy and are increasingly recognized as innate immune cells with potent immunomodulatory properties. In this review, we summarize the pleiotropic roles of the different ILC subsets for intestinal homeostasis and discuss the recent evidence on their potential involvement in the development and growth of intestinal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imke Atreya
- Department of Medicine 1, Friedrich-Alexander-University, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus Kindermann
- Department of Medicine 1, Friedrich-Alexander-University, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stefan Wirtz
- Department of Medicine 1, Friedrich-Alexander-University, Erlangen, Germany.
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90
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Xie J, Liu Y, Chen B, Zhang G, Ou S, Luo J, Peng X. Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide improves rat DSS-induced colitis by altering cecal microbiota and gene expression of colonic epithelial cells. Food Nutr Res 2019; 63:1559. [PMID: 30814921 PMCID: PMC6387425 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v63.1559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The effects of β-glucan on colitis mice are contradictory in previous reports. As a result, it is still unclear whether there is an anti-colitis effect in Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide (GLP), which is mainly composed of β-glucan. Moreover, the association between GLP function and gut microbiota remains to be elucidated. Objective This study aimed to investigate whether GLP consumption improved rat dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis by regulating gut microbiota and altering colonic epithelial expression. Design The disease activity index (DAI) scores and the cecal short chain fatty acid (SCFA) levels of DSS-induced colitis rats fed with a GLP diet (Group GLP, n = 6) and a control diet (Group Con, n = 6) were investigated and analyzed. Moreover, the profiles of gut microbiota and colonic epithelial expression were analyzed using metagenomics and transcriptomics. Results GLP consumption significantly lowered animal DAI scores by producing more SCFAs by increasing SCFA-producing bacteria such as Ruminococcus_1 and reducing pathogens such as Escherichia-Shigella in both the small intestine and cecum of rat. Moreover, GLP consumption regulated 11 genes, including six upregulated (Ccl5, Cd3e, Cd8a, Il21r, Lck, and Trbv) and five downregulated (Ccl3, Gro, Il11, Mhc2, and Ptgs) genes enriched in six inflammation-related Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways, resulting in enhancement of immunity and reduction of inflammatory response and colonic cancer risk. Conclusions GLP consumption alleviated DSS-induced colitis and may have potential for ulcerative colitis relief.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinli Xie
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanghanxiu Liu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bohui Chen
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangwen Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shiyi Ou
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianming Luo
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xichun Peng
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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91
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Geesala R, Schanz W, Biggs M, Dixit G, Skurski J, Gurung P, Meyerholz DK, Elliott D, Issuree PD, Maretzky T. Loss of RHBDF2 results in an early-onset spontaneous murine colitis. J Leukoc Biol 2019; 105:767-781. [PMID: 30694569 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.4a0718-283rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a heterogeneous group of inflammation-mediated pathologies that include Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis and primarily affects the colon and small intestine. Previous studies have shown that a disintegrin and metalloprotease (ADAM) 17, a membrane-bound sheddase, capable of cleaving the proinflammatory cytokine TNF and epidermal growth factor receptor ligands, plays a critical role in maintaining gut homeostasis and modulating intestinal inflammation during IBD. Rhomboid 5 homolog 2 (RHBDF2), a catalytically inactive member of the rhomboid family of intramembrane serine proteases, was recently identified as a crucial regulator of ADAM17. Here, we assessed the role of RHBDF2 in the development of colitis in the context of IL10 deficiency. Il10-/- /Rhbdf2-/- mice developed spontaneous colitis and experienced severe weight loss starting at 8 wk of age, without the need for exogenous triggers. Severity of disease pathology in Il10-/- /Rhbdf2-/- mice correlated with a dysbiotic gut microbiota and elevated Th1-associated immune responses with increased interferon gamma and IL2 production. In addition, Il10-/- /Rhbdf2-/- mice failed to maintain their epithelial cell homeostasis, although the intestinal epithelial barrier of Rhbdf2-/- mice is intact and loss of Rhbdf2 did not significantly exacerbate sensitivity to dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis, suggesting differences in the underlying disease pathway of intestinal inflammation in this model. Taken together, our results demonstrate a critical regulatory role for RHBDF2 in the maintenance of the unique homeostasis between intestinal microbiota and host immune responses in the gut that is dysregulated during the pathogenesis of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramasatyaveni Geesala
- Inflammation Program, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Willow Schanz
- Inflammation Program, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Mikayla Biggs
- Inflammation Program, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Garima Dixit
- Inflammation Program, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Joseph Skurski
- Inflammation Program, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Immunology Graduate Program, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Prajwal Gurung
- Inflammation Program, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Immunology Graduate Program, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - David K Meyerholz
- Department of Pathology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - David Elliott
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Priya D Issuree
- Inflammation Program, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Thorsten Maretzky
- Inflammation Program, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Immunology Graduate Program, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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92
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Lu J, Dong B, Chen A, He F, Peng B, Wu Z, Cao J, Li W. Escherichia coli promotes DSS‑induced murine colitis recovery through activation of the TLR4/NF‑κB signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2019; 19:2021-2028. [PMID: 30664156 PMCID: PMC6390074 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.9848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that intestinal microbiota have critical function in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. This present study investigated the effects of Escherichia coli (E. coli) in mice with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. Furthermore, Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) gene expression was measured by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. In total, two experiments were performed. In the first experiment, four groups were established in BALB/c mice: i) Group A, control (no treatments); ii) group B, DSS-induced colitis; iii) group C, DSS-induced colitis bacteria depleted (BD) mice; and iv) group D, E. coli-treated DSS-induced colitis BD mice. In the second experiment, there were three groups: i) Group A1, control C57BL/6 mice; ii) group B1, E. coli-treated DSS-induced colitis BD C57BL/6 mice; and iii) E. coli-treated DSS-induced colitis BD TLR4−/− mice. Clinical outcomes, colon and immune histopathology and tissue myeloperoxidase activity were assessed. Mice with DSS-induced colitis that were treated with E. coli exhibited enhanced recovery, with significantly improved clinical and histological scores compared with the DSS only group. The mRNA expression of TLR4 and NF-κB in the E. coli-treated group was also significantly higher. These effects were abolished in TLR4−/− mice, suggesting that E. coli may have promoted recovery through the TLR4 pathway. The present study indicated that E. coli promoted recovery from DSS-induced colitis in mice, potentially through activation of the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabao Lu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, P.R. China
| | - Boye Dong
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, P.R. China
| | - Ailan Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Feng He
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, P.R. China
| | - Baifu Peng
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, P.R. China
| | - Zixin Wu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, P.R. China
| | - Jie Cao
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, P.R. China
| | - Wanglin Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, P.R. China
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93
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Bin P, Tang Z, Liu S, Chen S, Xia Y, Liu J, Wu H, Zhu G. Intestinal microbiota mediates Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli-induced diarrhea in piglets. BMC Vet Res 2018; 14:385. [PMID: 30518356 PMCID: PMC6282381 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-018-1704-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) causes diarrhea in humans, cows, and pigs. The gut microbiota underlies pathology of several infectious diseases yet the role of the gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of ETEC-induced diarrhea is unknown. Results By using an ETEC induced diarrheal model in piglet, we profiled the jejunal and fecal microbiota using metagenomics and 16S rRNA sequencing. A jejunal microbiota transplantation experiment was conducted to determine the role of the gut microbiota in ETEC-induced diarrhea. ETEC-induced diarrhea influenced the structure and function of gut microbiota. Diarrheal piglets had lower Bacteroidetes: Firmicutes ratio and microbiota diversity in the jejunum and feces, and lower percentage of Prevotella in the feces, but higher Lactococcus in the jejunum and higher Escherichia-Shigella in the feces. The transplantation of the jejunal microbiota from diarrheal piglets to uninfected piglets leaded to diarrhea after transplantation. Microbiota transplantation experiments also supported the notion that dysbiosis of gut microbiota is involved in the immune responses in ETEC-induced diarrhea. Conclusion We conclude that ETEC infection influences the gut microbiota and the dysbiosis of gut microbiota after ETEC infection mediates the immune responses in ETEC infection. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12917-018-1704-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Bin
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyi Tang
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Shaojuan Liu
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Shuai Chen
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Health and Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecology, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, 410125, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaoyao Xia
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Health and Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecology, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, 410125, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Hucong Wu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Guoqiang Zhu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
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94
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Ruder B, Murtadak V, Stürzl M, Wirtz S, Distler U, Tenzer S, Mahapatro M, Greten FR, Hu Y, Neurath MF, Cesarman E, Ballon G, Günther C, Becker C. Chronic intestinal inflammation in mice expressing viral Flip in epithelial cells. Mucosal Immunol 2018; 11:1621-1629. [PMID: 30104627 PMCID: PMC8063487 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-018-0068-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Viruses are present in the intestinal microflora and are currently discussed as a potential causative mechanism for the development of inflammatory bowel disease. A number of viruses, such as Human Herpesvirus-8, express homologs to cellular FLIPs, which are major contributors for the regulation of epithelial cell death. In this study we analyzed the consequences of constitutive expression of HHV8-viral FLIP in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) in mice. Surprisingly, expression of vFlip disrupts tissue homeostasis and induces severe intestinal inflammation. Moreover vFlipIEC-tg mice showed reduced Paneth cell numbers, associated with excessive necrotic cell death. On a molecular level vFlip expression altered classical and alternative NFκB activation. Blocking of alternative NFκB signaling by deletion of Ikka in vivo largely protected mice from inflammation and Paneth cell loss induced by vFLIP. Collectively, our data provide functional evidence that expression of a single viral protein in IECs can be sufficient to disrupt epithelial homeostasis and to initiate chronic intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Ruder
- Department of Medicine 1, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Vinay Murtadak
- Division of Molecular and Experimental Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Stürzl
- Division of Molecular and Experimental Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stefan Wirtz
- Department of Medicine 1, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ute Distler
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Stefan Tenzer
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Mousumi Mahapatro
- Department of Medicine 1, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Florian R. Greten
- Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Georg-Speyer-Haus, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Yinling Hu
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Markus F. Neurath
- Department of Medicine 1, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ethel Cesarman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gianna Ballon
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Northwell Health, Lake Success, NY, USA
| | - Claudia Günther
- Department of Medicine 1, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christoph Becker
- Department of Medicine 1, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
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95
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Khan S, Imran A, Malik A, Chaudhary AA, Rub A, Jan AT, Syed JB, Rolfo C. Bacterial imbalance and gut pathologies: Association and contribution of E. coli in inflammatory bowel disease. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2018; 56:1-17. [DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2018.1517144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shahanavaj Khan
- Nanomedicine Research Unit, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Bioscience, Shri Ram Group of College (SRGC), Muzaffarnagar, India
| | - Ahamad Imran
- King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul Malik
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anis Ahmad Chaudhary
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Al-Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdur Rub
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arif Tasleem Jan
- School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jakeera Begum Syed
- King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine and Dentistry, Dar Al Uloom University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Christian Rolfo
- Phase I-Early Clinical Trials Unit, Oncology Department and Multidisciplinary Oncology Center Antwerp (MOCA), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
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96
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Ghattamaneni NKR, Panchal SK, Brown L. An improved rat model for chronic inflammatory bowel disease. Pharmacol Rep 2018; 71:149-155. [PMID: 30550995 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an important cause of chronic disability in humans. METHODS We characterized a model of chronic IBD in young male Wistar rats by administering dextran sodium sulfate (DSS: 0%, 0.25%, 0.5%, or 1% in drinking water) for six weeks, with 0.5% DSS for twelve weeks, following DSS cessation or together with treatment with sulfasalazine for the last 6 weeks. We measured gastrointestinal characteristics including stool consistency, blood in stools, small intestine and colon length, intestinal transit and permeability, and gut microbiota, as well as extra-intestinal parameters including oral glucose tolerance, systolic blood pressure, fat and lean mass, and left ventricular stiffness. RESULTS At 6 weeks, 0.25-1% DSS produced gastrointestinal changes as diarrhea and blood in stools. At 12 weeks, 0.5% DSS produced chronic and sustained gastrointestinal changes, with marked infiltration of inflammatory cells throughout the gastrointestinal tract and crypt distortion. Firmicutes increased and Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria decreased in DSS-treated rats. Changes were reversed by DSS cessation or sulfasalazine treatment. Gastrointestinal permeability and extra-intestinal parameters did not change, so DSS changes were limited to the gastrointestinal tract. CONCLUSION Chronic 0.5% DSS produces selective and reversible gastrointestinal changes, providing an improved chronic model in rats that mimics human IBD for testing new interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naga K R Ghattamaneni
- School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia; Functional Foods Research Group, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
| | - Sunil K Panchal
- Functional Foods Research Group, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
| | - Lindsay Brown
- School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia; Functional Foods Research Group, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia.
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97
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Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are complex diseases. Epidemiological studies suggest rising incidences in industrialized countries. The article is based on a literature search in PubMed and is oriented on the current guidelines published by the European Crohn's and Colitis Organisation. IBD are characterized by chronic diarrhoea, abdominal pain and peranal haemorrhage. Extraintestinal manifestations commonly affect joints, skin, eyes and bile tracts. Early diagnosis and therapeutic intervention determine individual patient outcome. Medical treatment currently includes aminosalicylates, corticosteroids, thiopurines, calcineurin inhibitors and biologicals. IBDs require anti-inflammatory and if necessary immunosuppressive therapy. Due to extraintestinal complications and the possible need for surgical intervention, an interdisciplinary approach is important.
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98
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Yacoub R, Jacob A, Wlaschin J, McGregor M, Quigg RJ, Alexander JJ. Lupus: The microbiome angle. Immunobiology 2018; 223:460-465. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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99
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Dionne S, Duchatelier CF, Seidman EG. The influence of vitamin D on M1 and M2 macrophages in patients with Crohn's disease. Innate Immun 2018; 23:557-565. [PMID: 28770666 DOI: 10.1177/1753425917721965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Defective bacterial clearance by macrophages plays an important role in Crohn's disease (CD). Phenotypes and functions of inflammatory M1 and anti-inflammatory M2 have not been studied in CD. Vitamin D supplementation reduces the severity of CD by unclear mechanisms. We studied macrophage characteristics in CD and controls and the effects of 1,25 vitamin D (1,25D). PBMC were isolated from CD patients and controls. M1 and M2 were generated by culturing of monocytes with GM-CSF and M-CSF, respectively. CD M1 and M2 showed normal phagocytosis and chemotaxis to CCL2 and fMLP. LPS-induced production of TNF-α, IL-12p40 and IL-10 was comparable between groups. Phagocytosis was unaltered with 1,25D; migration only increased marginally. M1 produced more IL-12p40 and TNF-α; IL-10 was greater in M2. 1,25D markedly decreased IL-12p40 by M1 and M2. 1,25D decreased TNF-α in CD M1; IL-10 levels were unaffected. M2 express F13A1, PTGS2, CD163, CXCL10, CD14 and MMP2, whereas TGF-β, CCL1 and CYP27B1 expression was higher in M1. Marker expression was similar between CD and controls. M1 and M2 markers were not differentially modulated by 1,25D. CD macrophages are not functionally or phenotypically different vs. CONTROLS 1,25D markedly decreased pro-inflammatory M1 cytokines but did not modulate polarization to anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge Dionne
- Centre of Excellence in IBD, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Division of Gastroenterology, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Carl-Frederic Duchatelier
- Centre of Excellence in IBD, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Division of Gastroenterology, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ernest G Seidman
- Centre of Excellence in IBD, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Division of Gastroenterology, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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100
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Hirano A, Umeno J, Okamoto Y, Shibata H, Ogura Y, Moriyama T, Torisu T, Fujioka S, Fuyuno Y, Kawarabayasi Y, Matsumoto T, Kitazono T, Esaki M. Comparison of the microbial community structure between inflamed and non-inflamed sites in patients with ulcerative colitis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 33:1590-1597. [PMID: 29462845 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.14129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The gut microbiota is suggested to play an important role in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis (UC). However, interindividual and spatial variations hamper the identification of UC-related changes. We thus investigated paired mucosa-associated microbiota obtained from both inflamed and non-inflamed sites of UC patients and corresponding sites of non-inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) controls. METHODS Mucosal biopsies of both inflamed and non-inflamed sites were obtained from 14 patients with active UC of the left-sided or proctitis type. Paired mucosal biopsies of the corresponding sites were obtained from 14 non-IBD controls. The microbial community structure was investigated using 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequences, followed by data analysis using qiime and LEfSe softwares. RESULTS Microbial alpha diversity in both inflamed and non-inflamed sites was significantly lower in UC patients compared with non-IBD controls. There were more microbes of the genus Cloacibacterium and the Tissierellaceae family, and there were less microbes of the genus Neisseria at the inflamed site when compared with the non-inflamed site in UC patients. Decreased abundance of the genera Prevotella, Eubacterium, Neisseria, Leptotrichia, Bilophila, Desulfovibrio, and Butyricimonas was evident at the inflamed site of UC patients compared with the corresponding site of non-IBD controls. Among these taxa, the genera Prevotella and Butyricimonas were also less abundant at the non-inflamed site of UC patients compared with the corresponding site in non-IBD controls. CONCLUSIONS Mucosal microbial dysbiosis occurs at both inflamed and non-inflamed sites in UC patients. The taxa showing altered abundance in UC patients might mediate colonic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Hirano
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Junji Umeno
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yasuharu Okamoto
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroki Shibata
- Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshitoshi Ogura
- Department of Bacteriology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Moriyama
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takehiro Torisu
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shin Fujioka
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuta Fuyuno
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yutaka Kawarabayasi
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takayuki Matsumoto
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Iwate, Japan
| | - Takanari Kitazono
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Motohiro Esaki
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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