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Gluz O, Nitz UA, Christgen M, Kates RE, Shak S, Clemens M, Kraemer S, Aktas B, Kuemmel S, Reimer T, Kusche M, Heyl V, Lorenz-Salehi F, Just M, Hofmann D, Degenhardt T, Liedtke C, Svedman C, Wuerstlein R, Kreipe HH, Harbeck N. West German Study Group Phase III PlanB Trial: First Prospective Outcome Data for the 21-Gene Recurrence Score Assay and Concordance of Prognostic Markers by Central and Local Pathology Assessment. J Clin Oncol 2016; 34:2341-9. [PMID: 26926676 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2015.63.5383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The 21-gene Recurrence Score (RS) assay is a validated prognostic/predictive tool in early hormone receptor-positive breast cancer (BC); however, only a few prospective outcome results have been available so far. In the phase III PlanB trial, RS was prospectively used to define a subset of patients who received only endocrine therapy. We present 3-year outcome data and concordance analysis (among biomarkers/RS). PATIENTS AND METHODS Central tumor bank was established prospectively from PlanB (intermediate and high-risk, locally human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative BC). After an early amendment, HR-positive, pN0-1 patients with RS ≤ 11 were recommended to omit chemotherapy. RESULTS From 2009 to 2011, PlanB enrolled 3,198 patients with a median age of 56 years; 41.1% had node-positive and 32.5% grade 3 disease. In 348 patients (15.3%), chemotherapy was omitted based on RS ≤ 11. After 35 months median follow-up, 3-year disease-free survival in patients with RS ≤ 11 and endocrine therapy alone was 98% versus 92% and 98% in RS > 25 and RS 12 to 25 in chemotherapy-treated patients, respectively. Nodal status, central and local grade, the Ki-67 protein encoded by the MKI67 gene, estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, tumor size, and RS were univariate prognostic factors for disease-free survival; only nodal status, both central and local grade, and RS were independent multivariate factors. Histologic grade was discordant between central and local laboratories in 44%. RS was positively but moderately correlated with the Ki-67 protein encoded by the MKI67 gene and grade and negatively correlated with progesterone receptor and estrogen receptor. CONCLUSION In this prospective trial, patients with enhanced clinical risk and omitted chemotherapy on the basis of RS ≤ 11 had excellent 3-year survival. The substantial discordance observed between traditional prognostic markers and RS emphasizes the need for standardized assessment and supports the potential integration of standardized, well-validated genomic assays such as RS with clinicopathologic prognostic factors for chemotherapy indication in early hormone receptor-positive BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Gluz
- Oleg Gluz, Ulrike A. Nitz, Ronald E. Kates, Daniel Hofmann, Cornelia Liedtke, Rachel Wuerstlein, and Nadia Harbeck, West German Study Group; Oleg Gluz and Ulrike A. Nitz, Evangelical Hospital Bethesda, Moenchengladbach; Matthias Christgen and Hans H. Kreipe, Medical School Hannover, Hannover; Michael Clemens, Mutterhaus der Borromäerinnen, Trier; Stefan Kraemer, University Clinics Cologne, Cologne; Bahriye Aktas, University Clinics Essen; Sherko Kuemmel, Clinics Essen-Mitte, Essen; Toralf Reimer, Clinics Suedstadt, Rostock; Manfred Kusche, Marienhospital Aachen, Aachen; Volker Heyl, Asklepios Paulinen Clinics; Fatemeh Lorenz-Salehi, Dr Horst-Schmidt Clinics, Wiesbaden; Marianne Just, Oncologic Practice, Bielefeld; Tom Degenhardt, Rachel Wuerstlein, and Nadia Harbeck, University of Munich, Munich; Cornelia Liedtke, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany; and Steven Shak and Christer Svedman, Genomic Health, Redwood City, CA.
| | - Ulrike A Nitz
- Oleg Gluz, Ulrike A. Nitz, Ronald E. Kates, Daniel Hofmann, Cornelia Liedtke, Rachel Wuerstlein, and Nadia Harbeck, West German Study Group; Oleg Gluz and Ulrike A. Nitz, Evangelical Hospital Bethesda, Moenchengladbach; Matthias Christgen and Hans H. Kreipe, Medical School Hannover, Hannover; Michael Clemens, Mutterhaus der Borromäerinnen, Trier; Stefan Kraemer, University Clinics Cologne, Cologne; Bahriye Aktas, University Clinics Essen; Sherko Kuemmel, Clinics Essen-Mitte, Essen; Toralf Reimer, Clinics Suedstadt, Rostock; Manfred Kusche, Marienhospital Aachen, Aachen; Volker Heyl, Asklepios Paulinen Clinics; Fatemeh Lorenz-Salehi, Dr Horst-Schmidt Clinics, Wiesbaden; Marianne Just, Oncologic Practice, Bielefeld; Tom Degenhardt, Rachel Wuerstlein, and Nadia Harbeck, University of Munich, Munich; Cornelia Liedtke, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany; and Steven Shak and Christer Svedman, Genomic Health, Redwood City, CA
| | - Matthias Christgen
- Oleg Gluz, Ulrike A. Nitz, Ronald E. Kates, Daniel Hofmann, Cornelia Liedtke, Rachel Wuerstlein, and Nadia Harbeck, West German Study Group; Oleg Gluz and Ulrike A. Nitz, Evangelical Hospital Bethesda, Moenchengladbach; Matthias Christgen and Hans H. Kreipe, Medical School Hannover, Hannover; Michael Clemens, Mutterhaus der Borromäerinnen, Trier; Stefan Kraemer, University Clinics Cologne, Cologne; Bahriye Aktas, University Clinics Essen; Sherko Kuemmel, Clinics Essen-Mitte, Essen; Toralf Reimer, Clinics Suedstadt, Rostock; Manfred Kusche, Marienhospital Aachen, Aachen; Volker Heyl, Asklepios Paulinen Clinics; Fatemeh Lorenz-Salehi, Dr Horst-Schmidt Clinics, Wiesbaden; Marianne Just, Oncologic Practice, Bielefeld; Tom Degenhardt, Rachel Wuerstlein, and Nadia Harbeck, University of Munich, Munich; Cornelia Liedtke, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany; and Steven Shak and Christer Svedman, Genomic Health, Redwood City, CA
| | - Ronald E Kates
- Oleg Gluz, Ulrike A. Nitz, Ronald E. Kates, Daniel Hofmann, Cornelia Liedtke, Rachel Wuerstlein, and Nadia Harbeck, West German Study Group; Oleg Gluz and Ulrike A. Nitz, Evangelical Hospital Bethesda, Moenchengladbach; Matthias Christgen and Hans H. Kreipe, Medical School Hannover, Hannover; Michael Clemens, Mutterhaus der Borromäerinnen, Trier; Stefan Kraemer, University Clinics Cologne, Cologne; Bahriye Aktas, University Clinics Essen; Sherko Kuemmel, Clinics Essen-Mitte, Essen; Toralf Reimer, Clinics Suedstadt, Rostock; Manfred Kusche, Marienhospital Aachen, Aachen; Volker Heyl, Asklepios Paulinen Clinics; Fatemeh Lorenz-Salehi, Dr Horst-Schmidt Clinics, Wiesbaden; Marianne Just, Oncologic Practice, Bielefeld; Tom Degenhardt, Rachel Wuerstlein, and Nadia Harbeck, University of Munich, Munich; Cornelia Liedtke, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany; and Steven Shak and Christer Svedman, Genomic Health, Redwood City, CA
| | - Steven Shak
- Oleg Gluz, Ulrike A. Nitz, Ronald E. Kates, Daniel Hofmann, Cornelia Liedtke, Rachel Wuerstlein, and Nadia Harbeck, West German Study Group; Oleg Gluz and Ulrike A. Nitz, Evangelical Hospital Bethesda, Moenchengladbach; Matthias Christgen and Hans H. Kreipe, Medical School Hannover, Hannover; Michael Clemens, Mutterhaus der Borromäerinnen, Trier; Stefan Kraemer, University Clinics Cologne, Cologne; Bahriye Aktas, University Clinics Essen; Sherko Kuemmel, Clinics Essen-Mitte, Essen; Toralf Reimer, Clinics Suedstadt, Rostock; Manfred Kusche, Marienhospital Aachen, Aachen; Volker Heyl, Asklepios Paulinen Clinics; Fatemeh Lorenz-Salehi, Dr Horst-Schmidt Clinics, Wiesbaden; Marianne Just, Oncologic Practice, Bielefeld; Tom Degenhardt, Rachel Wuerstlein, and Nadia Harbeck, University of Munich, Munich; Cornelia Liedtke, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany; and Steven Shak and Christer Svedman, Genomic Health, Redwood City, CA
| | - Michael Clemens
- Oleg Gluz, Ulrike A. Nitz, Ronald E. Kates, Daniel Hofmann, Cornelia Liedtke, Rachel Wuerstlein, and Nadia Harbeck, West German Study Group; Oleg Gluz and Ulrike A. Nitz, Evangelical Hospital Bethesda, Moenchengladbach; Matthias Christgen and Hans H. Kreipe, Medical School Hannover, Hannover; Michael Clemens, Mutterhaus der Borromäerinnen, Trier; Stefan Kraemer, University Clinics Cologne, Cologne; Bahriye Aktas, University Clinics Essen; Sherko Kuemmel, Clinics Essen-Mitte, Essen; Toralf Reimer, Clinics Suedstadt, Rostock; Manfred Kusche, Marienhospital Aachen, Aachen; Volker Heyl, Asklepios Paulinen Clinics; Fatemeh Lorenz-Salehi, Dr Horst-Schmidt Clinics, Wiesbaden; Marianne Just, Oncologic Practice, Bielefeld; Tom Degenhardt, Rachel Wuerstlein, and Nadia Harbeck, University of Munich, Munich; Cornelia Liedtke, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany; and Steven Shak and Christer Svedman, Genomic Health, Redwood City, CA
| | - Stefan Kraemer
- Oleg Gluz, Ulrike A. Nitz, Ronald E. Kates, Daniel Hofmann, Cornelia Liedtke, Rachel Wuerstlein, and Nadia Harbeck, West German Study Group; Oleg Gluz and Ulrike A. Nitz, Evangelical Hospital Bethesda, Moenchengladbach; Matthias Christgen and Hans H. Kreipe, Medical School Hannover, Hannover; Michael Clemens, Mutterhaus der Borromäerinnen, Trier; Stefan Kraemer, University Clinics Cologne, Cologne; Bahriye Aktas, University Clinics Essen; Sherko Kuemmel, Clinics Essen-Mitte, Essen; Toralf Reimer, Clinics Suedstadt, Rostock; Manfred Kusche, Marienhospital Aachen, Aachen; Volker Heyl, Asklepios Paulinen Clinics; Fatemeh Lorenz-Salehi, Dr Horst-Schmidt Clinics, Wiesbaden; Marianne Just, Oncologic Practice, Bielefeld; Tom Degenhardt, Rachel Wuerstlein, and Nadia Harbeck, University of Munich, Munich; Cornelia Liedtke, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany; and Steven Shak and Christer Svedman, Genomic Health, Redwood City, CA
| | - Bahriye Aktas
- Oleg Gluz, Ulrike A. Nitz, Ronald E. Kates, Daniel Hofmann, Cornelia Liedtke, Rachel Wuerstlein, and Nadia Harbeck, West German Study Group; Oleg Gluz and Ulrike A. Nitz, Evangelical Hospital Bethesda, Moenchengladbach; Matthias Christgen and Hans H. Kreipe, Medical School Hannover, Hannover; Michael Clemens, Mutterhaus der Borromäerinnen, Trier; Stefan Kraemer, University Clinics Cologne, Cologne; Bahriye Aktas, University Clinics Essen; Sherko Kuemmel, Clinics Essen-Mitte, Essen; Toralf Reimer, Clinics Suedstadt, Rostock; Manfred Kusche, Marienhospital Aachen, Aachen; Volker Heyl, Asklepios Paulinen Clinics; Fatemeh Lorenz-Salehi, Dr Horst-Schmidt Clinics, Wiesbaden; Marianne Just, Oncologic Practice, Bielefeld; Tom Degenhardt, Rachel Wuerstlein, and Nadia Harbeck, University of Munich, Munich; Cornelia Liedtke, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany; and Steven Shak and Christer Svedman, Genomic Health, Redwood City, CA
| | - Sherko Kuemmel
- Oleg Gluz, Ulrike A. Nitz, Ronald E. Kates, Daniel Hofmann, Cornelia Liedtke, Rachel Wuerstlein, and Nadia Harbeck, West German Study Group; Oleg Gluz and Ulrike A. Nitz, Evangelical Hospital Bethesda, Moenchengladbach; Matthias Christgen and Hans H. Kreipe, Medical School Hannover, Hannover; Michael Clemens, Mutterhaus der Borromäerinnen, Trier; Stefan Kraemer, University Clinics Cologne, Cologne; Bahriye Aktas, University Clinics Essen; Sherko Kuemmel, Clinics Essen-Mitte, Essen; Toralf Reimer, Clinics Suedstadt, Rostock; Manfred Kusche, Marienhospital Aachen, Aachen; Volker Heyl, Asklepios Paulinen Clinics; Fatemeh Lorenz-Salehi, Dr Horst-Schmidt Clinics, Wiesbaden; Marianne Just, Oncologic Practice, Bielefeld; Tom Degenhardt, Rachel Wuerstlein, and Nadia Harbeck, University of Munich, Munich; Cornelia Liedtke, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany; and Steven Shak and Christer Svedman, Genomic Health, Redwood City, CA
| | - Toralf Reimer
- Oleg Gluz, Ulrike A. Nitz, Ronald E. Kates, Daniel Hofmann, Cornelia Liedtke, Rachel Wuerstlein, and Nadia Harbeck, West German Study Group; Oleg Gluz and Ulrike A. Nitz, Evangelical Hospital Bethesda, Moenchengladbach; Matthias Christgen and Hans H. Kreipe, Medical School Hannover, Hannover; Michael Clemens, Mutterhaus der Borromäerinnen, Trier; Stefan Kraemer, University Clinics Cologne, Cologne; Bahriye Aktas, University Clinics Essen; Sherko Kuemmel, Clinics Essen-Mitte, Essen; Toralf Reimer, Clinics Suedstadt, Rostock; Manfred Kusche, Marienhospital Aachen, Aachen; Volker Heyl, Asklepios Paulinen Clinics; Fatemeh Lorenz-Salehi, Dr Horst-Schmidt Clinics, Wiesbaden; Marianne Just, Oncologic Practice, Bielefeld; Tom Degenhardt, Rachel Wuerstlein, and Nadia Harbeck, University of Munich, Munich; Cornelia Liedtke, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany; and Steven Shak and Christer Svedman, Genomic Health, Redwood City, CA
| | - Manfred Kusche
- Oleg Gluz, Ulrike A. Nitz, Ronald E. Kates, Daniel Hofmann, Cornelia Liedtke, Rachel Wuerstlein, and Nadia Harbeck, West German Study Group; Oleg Gluz and Ulrike A. Nitz, Evangelical Hospital Bethesda, Moenchengladbach; Matthias Christgen and Hans H. Kreipe, Medical School Hannover, Hannover; Michael Clemens, Mutterhaus der Borromäerinnen, Trier; Stefan Kraemer, University Clinics Cologne, Cologne; Bahriye Aktas, University Clinics Essen; Sherko Kuemmel, Clinics Essen-Mitte, Essen; Toralf Reimer, Clinics Suedstadt, Rostock; Manfred Kusche, Marienhospital Aachen, Aachen; Volker Heyl, Asklepios Paulinen Clinics; Fatemeh Lorenz-Salehi, Dr Horst-Schmidt Clinics, Wiesbaden; Marianne Just, Oncologic Practice, Bielefeld; Tom Degenhardt, Rachel Wuerstlein, and Nadia Harbeck, University of Munich, Munich; Cornelia Liedtke, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany; and Steven Shak and Christer Svedman, Genomic Health, Redwood City, CA
| | - Volker Heyl
- Oleg Gluz, Ulrike A. Nitz, Ronald E. Kates, Daniel Hofmann, Cornelia Liedtke, Rachel Wuerstlein, and Nadia Harbeck, West German Study Group; Oleg Gluz and Ulrike A. Nitz, Evangelical Hospital Bethesda, Moenchengladbach; Matthias Christgen and Hans H. Kreipe, Medical School Hannover, Hannover; Michael Clemens, Mutterhaus der Borromäerinnen, Trier; Stefan Kraemer, University Clinics Cologne, Cologne; Bahriye Aktas, University Clinics Essen; Sherko Kuemmel, Clinics Essen-Mitte, Essen; Toralf Reimer, Clinics Suedstadt, Rostock; Manfred Kusche, Marienhospital Aachen, Aachen; Volker Heyl, Asklepios Paulinen Clinics; Fatemeh Lorenz-Salehi, Dr Horst-Schmidt Clinics, Wiesbaden; Marianne Just, Oncologic Practice, Bielefeld; Tom Degenhardt, Rachel Wuerstlein, and Nadia Harbeck, University of Munich, Munich; Cornelia Liedtke, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany; and Steven Shak and Christer Svedman, Genomic Health, Redwood City, CA
| | - Fatemeh Lorenz-Salehi
- Oleg Gluz, Ulrike A. Nitz, Ronald E. Kates, Daniel Hofmann, Cornelia Liedtke, Rachel Wuerstlein, and Nadia Harbeck, West German Study Group; Oleg Gluz and Ulrike A. Nitz, Evangelical Hospital Bethesda, Moenchengladbach; Matthias Christgen and Hans H. Kreipe, Medical School Hannover, Hannover; Michael Clemens, Mutterhaus der Borromäerinnen, Trier; Stefan Kraemer, University Clinics Cologne, Cologne; Bahriye Aktas, University Clinics Essen; Sherko Kuemmel, Clinics Essen-Mitte, Essen; Toralf Reimer, Clinics Suedstadt, Rostock; Manfred Kusche, Marienhospital Aachen, Aachen; Volker Heyl, Asklepios Paulinen Clinics; Fatemeh Lorenz-Salehi, Dr Horst-Schmidt Clinics, Wiesbaden; Marianne Just, Oncologic Practice, Bielefeld; Tom Degenhardt, Rachel Wuerstlein, and Nadia Harbeck, University of Munich, Munich; Cornelia Liedtke, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany; and Steven Shak and Christer Svedman, Genomic Health, Redwood City, CA
| | - Marianne Just
- Oleg Gluz, Ulrike A. Nitz, Ronald E. Kates, Daniel Hofmann, Cornelia Liedtke, Rachel Wuerstlein, and Nadia Harbeck, West German Study Group; Oleg Gluz and Ulrike A. Nitz, Evangelical Hospital Bethesda, Moenchengladbach; Matthias Christgen and Hans H. Kreipe, Medical School Hannover, Hannover; Michael Clemens, Mutterhaus der Borromäerinnen, Trier; Stefan Kraemer, University Clinics Cologne, Cologne; Bahriye Aktas, University Clinics Essen; Sherko Kuemmel, Clinics Essen-Mitte, Essen; Toralf Reimer, Clinics Suedstadt, Rostock; Manfred Kusche, Marienhospital Aachen, Aachen; Volker Heyl, Asklepios Paulinen Clinics; Fatemeh Lorenz-Salehi, Dr Horst-Schmidt Clinics, Wiesbaden; Marianne Just, Oncologic Practice, Bielefeld; Tom Degenhardt, Rachel Wuerstlein, and Nadia Harbeck, University of Munich, Munich; Cornelia Liedtke, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany; and Steven Shak and Christer Svedman, Genomic Health, Redwood City, CA
| | - Daniel Hofmann
- Oleg Gluz, Ulrike A. Nitz, Ronald E. Kates, Daniel Hofmann, Cornelia Liedtke, Rachel Wuerstlein, and Nadia Harbeck, West German Study Group; Oleg Gluz and Ulrike A. Nitz, Evangelical Hospital Bethesda, Moenchengladbach; Matthias Christgen and Hans H. Kreipe, Medical School Hannover, Hannover; Michael Clemens, Mutterhaus der Borromäerinnen, Trier; Stefan Kraemer, University Clinics Cologne, Cologne; Bahriye Aktas, University Clinics Essen; Sherko Kuemmel, Clinics Essen-Mitte, Essen; Toralf Reimer, Clinics Suedstadt, Rostock; Manfred Kusche, Marienhospital Aachen, Aachen; Volker Heyl, Asklepios Paulinen Clinics; Fatemeh Lorenz-Salehi, Dr Horst-Schmidt Clinics, Wiesbaden; Marianne Just, Oncologic Practice, Bielefeld; Tom Degenhardt, Rachel Wuerstlein, and Nadia Harbeck, University of Munich, Munich; Cornelia Liedtke, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany; and Steven Shak and Christer Svedman, Genomic Health, Redwood City, CA
| | - Tom Degenhardt
- Oleg Gluz, Ulrike A. Nitz, Ronald E. Kates, Daniel Hofmann, Cornelia Liedtke, Rachel Wuerstlein, and Nadia Harbeck, West German Study Group; Oleg Gluz and Ulrike A. Nitz, Evangelical Hospital Bethesda, Moenchengladbach; Matthias Christgen and Hans H. Kreipe, Medical School Hannover, Hannover; Michael Clemens, Mutterhaus der Borromäerinnen, Trier; Stefan Kraemer, University Clinics Cologne, Cologne; Bahriye Aktas, University Clinics Essen; Sherko Kuemmel, Clinics Essen-Mitte, Essen; Toralf Reimer, Clinics Suedstadt, Rostock; Manfred Kusche, Marienhospital Aachen, Aachen; Volker Heyl, Asklepios Paulinen Clinics; Fatemeh Lorenz-Salehi, Dr Horst-Schmidt Clinics, Wiesbaden; Marianne Just, Oncologic Practice, Bielefeld; Tom Degenhardt, Rachel Wuerstlein, and Nadia Harbeck, University of Munich, Munich; Cornelia Liedtke, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany; and Steven Shak and Christer Svedman, Genomic Health, Redwood City, CA
| | - Cornelia Liedtke
- Oleg Gluz, Ulrike A. Nitz, Ronald E. Kates, Daniel Hofmann, Cornelia Liedtke, Rachel Wuerstlein, and Nadia Harbeck, West German Study Group; Oleg Gluz and Ulrike A. Nitz, Evangelical Hospital Bethesda, Moenchengladbach; Matthias Christgen and Hans H. Kreipe, Medical School Hannover, Hannover; Michael Clemens, Mutterhaus der Borromäerinnen, Trier; Stefan Kraemer, University Clinics Cologne, Cologne; Bahriye Aktas, University Clinics Essen; Sherko Kuemmel, Clinics Essen-Mitte, Essen; Toralf Reimer, Clinics Suedstadt, Rostock; Manfred Kusche, Marienhospital Aachen, Aachen; Volker Heyl, Asklepios Paulinen Clinics; Fatemeh Lorenz-Salehi, Dr Horst-Schmidt Clinics, Wiesbaden; Marianne Just, Oncologic Practice, Bielefeld; Tom Degenhardt, Rachel Wuerstlein, and Nadia Harbeck, University of Munich, Munich; Cornelia Liedtke, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany; and Steven Shak and Christer Svedman, Genomic Health, Redwood City, CA
| | - Christer Svedman
- Oleg Gluz, Ulrike A. Nitz, Ronald E. Kates, Daniel Hofmann, Cornelia Liedtke, Rachel Wuerstlein, and Nadia Harbeck, West German Study Group; Oleg Gluz and Ulrike A. Nitz, Evangelical Hospital Bethesda, Moenchengladbach; Matthias Christgen and Hans H. Kreipe, Medical School Hannover, Hannover; Michael Clemens, Mutterhaus der Borromäerinnen, Trier; Stefan Kraemer, University Clinics Cologne, Cologne; Bahriye Aktas, University Clinics Essen; Sherko Kuemmel, Clinics Essen-Mitte, Essen; Toralf Reimer, Clinics Suedstadt, Rostock; Manfred Kusche, Marienhospital Aachen, Aachen; Volker Heyl, Asklepios Paulinen Clinics; Fatemeh Lorenz-Salehi, Dr Horst-Schmidt Clinics, Wiesbaden; Marianne Just, Oncologic Practice, Bielefeld; Tom Degenhardt, Rachel Wuerstlein, and Nadia Harbeck, University of Munich, Munich; Cornelia Liedtke, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany; and Steven Shak and Christer Svedman, Genomic Health, Redwood City, CA
| | - Rachel Wuerstlein
- Oleg Gluz, Ulrike A. Nitz, Ronald E. Kates, Daniel Hofmann, Cornelia Liedtke, Rachel Wuerstlein, and Nadia Harbeck, West German Study Group; Oleg Gluz and Ulrike A. Nitz, Evangelical Hospital Bethesda, Moenchengladbach; Matthias Christgen and Hans H. Kreipe, Medical School Hannover, Hannover; Michael Clemens, Mutterhaus der Borromäerinnen, Trier; Stefan Kraemer, University Clinics Cologne, Cologne; Bahriye Aktas, University Clinics Essen; Sherko Kuemmel, Clinics Essen-Mitte, Essen; Toralf Reimer, Clinics Suedstadt, Rostock; Manfred Kusche, Marienhospital Aachen, Aachen; Volker Heyl, Asklepios Paulinen Clinics; Fatemeh Lorenz-Salehi, Dr Horst-Schmidt Clinics, Wiesbaden; Marianne Just, Oncologic Practice, Bielefeld; Tom Degenhardt, Rachel Wuerstlein, and Nadia Harbeck, University of Munich, Munich; Cornelia Liedtke, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany; and Steven Shak and Christer Svedman, Genomic Health, Redwood City, CA
| | - Hans H Kreipe
- Oleg Gluz, Ulrike A. Nitz, Ronald E. Kates, Daniel Hofmann, Cornelia Liedtke, Rachel Wuerstlein, and Nadia Harbeck, West German Study Group; Oleg Gluz and Ulrike A. Nitz, Evangelical Hospital Bethesda, Moenchengladbach; Matthias Christgen and Hans H. Kreipe, Medical School Hannover, Hannover; Michael Clemens, Mutterhaus der Borromäerinnen, Trier; Stefan Kraemer, University Clinics Cologne, Cologne; Bahriye Aktas, University Clinics Essen; Sherko Kuemmel, Clinics Essen-Mitte, Essen; Toralf Reimer, Clinics Suedstadt, Rostock; Manfred Kusche, Marienhospital Aachen, Aachen; Volker Heyl, Asklepios Paulinen Clinics; Fatemeh Lorenz-Salehi, Dr Horst-Schmidt Clinics, Wiesbaden; Marianne Just, Oncologic Practice, Bielefeld; Tom Degenhardt, Rachel Wuerstlein, and Nadia Harbeck, University of Munich, Munich; Cornelia Liedtke, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany; and Steven Shak and Christer Svedman, Genomic Health, Redwood City, CA
| | - Nadia Harbeck
- Oleg Gluz, Ulrike A. Nitz, Ronald E. Kates, Daniel Hofmann, Cornelia Liedtke, Rachel Wuerstlein, and Nadia Harbeck, West German Study Group; Oleg Gluz and Ulrike A. Nitz, Evangelical Hospital Bethesda, Moenchengladbach; Matthias Christgen and Hans H. Kreipe, Medical School Hannover, Hannover; Michael Clemens, Mutterhaus der Borromäerinnen, Trier; Stefan Kraemer, University Clinics Cologne, Cologne; Bahriye Aktas, University Clinics Essen; Sherko Kuemmel, Clinics Essen-Mitte, Essen; Toralf Reimer, Clinics Suedstadt, Rostock; Manfred Kusche, Marienhospital Aachen, Aachen; Volker Heyl, Asklepios Paulinen Clinics; Fatemeh Lorenz-Salehi, Dr Horst-Schmidt Clinics, Wiesbaden; Marianne Just, Oncologic Practice, Bielefeld; Tom Degenhardt, Rachel Wuerstlein, and Nadia Harbeck, University of Munich, Munich; Cornelia Liedtke, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany; and Steven Shak and Christer Svedman, Genomic Health, Redwood City, CA
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Espelin CW, Leonard SC, Geretti E, Wickham TJ, Hendriks BS. Dual HER2 Targeting with Trastuzumab and Liposomal-Encapsulated Doxorubicin (MM-302) Demonstrates Synergistic Antitumor Activity in Breast and Gastric Cancer. Cancer Res 2016; 76:1517-27. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-1518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Yao L, Zhang J, Liu Y, Ouyang T, Li J, Wang T, Fan Z, Fan T, Lin B, Xie Y. Association between HER2 status and response to neoadjuvant anthracycline followed by paclitaxel plus carboplatin chemotherapy without trastuzumab in breast cancer. Chin J Cancer Res 2016; 27:553-61. [PMID: 26752929 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.1000-9604.2015.12.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We recently showed HER2-positive breast cancers are less likely to respond to neoadjuvant anthracycline chemotherapy. Here, we investigated whether HER2-positive breast cancers responded to sequential neoadjuvant anthracycline followed by paclitaxel plus carboplatin regimen in the absence of trastuzumab. METHODS Women (n=372) with operable primary breast cancer initially received two cycles of neoadjuvant anthracyclines, the clinical tumor response was assessed, then patients were received four cycles of paclitaxel plus carboplatin regimen. All the patients did not received trastuzumab treatment in the neoadjuvant setting. HER2 status was determined by immunohistochemistry and/or by fluorescence in situ hybridization in core-biopsy breast cancer tissue obtained before the neoadjuvant chemotherapy. RESULTS Eighteen percent (67/372) of patients achieved a pathologic complete response (pCR) in their breast. HER2-positive tumors had a significant higher pCR rate than HER2-negative tumors (33.0% versus 13.5%, P<0.001) in this cohort of 372 patients, and positive HER2 status remained an independent favorable predictor of pCR in a multivariate analysis [odds ratio (OR), 2.26; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.18 to 4.36, P=0.015]. Furthermore, patients who responded to initial anthracycline regimens were more likely to respond to paclitaxel plus carboplatin than patients who did not (pCR, 27.2% versus 14.6%, P=0.005). Patients with HER2-positive tumors exhibited a significant higher pCR rate than did patients with HER2-negative tumors in both anthracycline response group (40.5% versus 20.0%, P=0.025) and anthracycline non-response group (28.3% versus 11.3%, P=0.002). CONCLUSIONS Under the circumstance of no trastuzumab treatment, women with HER2-positive cancers derive a large benefit from paclitaxel-carboplatin-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), 1 Breast Center, 2 Department of Pathology, Beijing Cancer Hospital & Institute, Peking University Cancer Hospital, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), 1 Breast Center, 2 Department of Pathology, Beijing Cancer Hospital & Institute, Peking University Cancer Hospital, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Yiqiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), 1 Breast Center, 2 Department of Pathology, Beijing Cancer Hospital & Institute, Peking University Cancer Hospital, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Tao Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), 1 Breast Center, 2 Department of Pathology, Beijing Cancer Hospital & Institute, Peking University Cancer Hospital, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Jinfeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), 1 Breast Center, 2 Department of Pathology, Beijing Cancer Hospital & Institute, Peking University Cancer Hospital, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Tianfeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), 1 Breast Center, 2 Department of Pathology, Beijing Cancer Hospital & Institute, Peking University Cancer Hospital, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Zhaoqing Fan
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), 1 Breast Center, 2 Department of Pathology, Beijing Cancer Hospital & Institute, Peking University Cancer Hospital, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Tie Fan
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), 1 Breast Center, 2 Department of Pathology, Beijing Cancer Hospital & Institute, Peking University Cancer Hospital, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Benyao Lin
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), 1 Breast Center, 2 Department of Pathology, Beijing Cancer Hospital & Institute, Peking University Cancer Hospital, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Yuntao Xie
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), 1 Breast Center, 2 Department of Pathology, Beijing Cancer Hospital & Institute, Peking University Cancer Hospital, Beijing 100142, China
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Chen X, Ye G, Zhang C, Li X, Shen K. Non-anthracycline-containing docetaxel and cyclophosphamide regimen is associated with sustained worse outcome compared with docetaxel, anthracycline and cyclophosphamide in neoadjuvant treatment of triple negative and HER2-positive breast cancer patients: updated follow-up data from NATT study. Chin J Cancer Res 2016; 28:561-569. [PMID: 28174484 PMCID: PMC5242451 DOI: 10.21147/j.issn.1000-9604.2016.06.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective A previous study demonstrated that non-anthracycline-containing docetaxel plus cyclophosphamide (TC) regimen was inferior to docetaxel, anthracycline and cyclophosphamide (TAC) in neoadjuvant treatment of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2-(HER2)-positive breast cancer in a short-term follow-up. Herein, long-term follow-up survival outcomes have been investigated. Methods TNBC or HER2-positive patients were randomized to receive 6 cycles of TC or TAC neoadjuvant treatment. The primary endpoint was pathological complete remission (pCR). Secondary endpoints included clinical response rate, event-free survival (EFS), and overall survival (OS). Results A cohort of 96 patients consisted of 45 in TC and 51 in TAC arm. With a median follow-up period of 53 (range, 8–76) months, the patients achieving pCR post neoadjuvant chemotherapy exhibited superior EFS and OS than patients without pCR (P<0.05). TAC treatment resulted in consistently better EFS than TC treatment: the estimated 5-year EFS was 66.1% vs. 29.8% (P=0.002). Moreover, the estimated 5-year OS was also in favor of TAC: 88.4% vs. 51.6% (P<0.001). Multivariable analysis demonstrated that the treatment regimen was an independent prognostic factor, and patients treated with TAC had a superior EFS [hazard ratio (HR), 0.48; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.26–0.90; P=0.021] and OS (HR, 0.20; 95% CI, 0.08–0.60; P=0.003).
Conclusions The updated long-term follow-up data demonstrated a sustained benefit in EFS and OS from anthracycline-containing TAC treatment, indicating that anthracycline is an essential and effective drug in this clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaosong Chen
- Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Rui Jin Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Guolin Ye
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Chenfang Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command of PLA, Guangzhou 510010, China
| | - Xinzheng Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, Shanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, Taiyuan 030013, China
| | - Kunwei Shen
- Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Rui Jin Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
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55
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Nasr KE, Osman MA, Elkady MS, Ellithy MA. Metronomic methotrexate and cyclophosphamide after carboplatin included adjuvant chemotherapy in triple negative breast cancer: a phase III study. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2015; 3:284. [PMID: 26697444 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2305-5839.2015.11.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite being chemosensitive, the majority of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients recur. The primary study objectives were to compare disease free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS) for TNBC after adjuvant chemotherapy, who underwent maintenance metronomic chemotherapy versus no maintenance therapy. METHODS TNBC patients were eligible for enrolment if they had TNM stages II-III and fit with our inclusion criteria. Patients were assigned to either: group 1, 3 cycles FEC-100 then 3 cycles docetaxel, carboplatin, followed by maintenance metronomic chemotherapy for 1 year; and group 2, 3 cycles FEC-100 then 3 cycles docetaxel. RESULTS Between November 2008 and December 2014, 158 patients (78 group 1, and 80 group 2) were enrolled. The mean age was 46 years. The median DFS for groups 1,2 were 28 and 24 months, respectively; P value 0.05. The median OS for groups 1,2 were 37 and 29 months, respectively; P values 0.04. Additionally, during the follow-up period, the overall distant metastasis recurrence rates for groups 1,2 were 26% and 37% respectively. Finally, treatment protocol was tolerated well in both groups with mild toxicity profiles. CONCLUSIONS Extended adjuvant metronomic chemotherapy achieved significant improvement in the survival and was well tolerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid E Nasr
- 1 Department of Clinical Oncology, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt ; 2 General Organization for Teaching Hospitals, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammed A Osman
- 1 Department of Clinical Oncology, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt ; 2 General Organization for Teaching Hospitals, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammad S Elkady
- 1 Department of Clinical Oncology, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt ; 2 General Organization for Teaching Hospitals, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A Ellithy
- 1 Department of Clinical Oncology, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt ; 2 General Organization for Teaching Hospitals, Cairo, Egypt
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Rahal S, Boher JM, Extra JM, Tarpin C, Charafe-Jauffret E, Lambaudie E, Sabatier R, Thomassin-Piana J, Tallet A, Resbeut M, Houvenaeghel G, Laborde L, Bertucci F, Viens P, Gonçalves A. Immunohistochemical subtypes predict the clinical outcome in high-risk node-negative breast cancer patients treated with adjuvant FEC regimen: results of a single-center retrospective study. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:697. [PMID: 26466893 PMCID: PMC4607139 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1746-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anthracycline-based adjuvant chemotherapy improves survival in patients with high-risk node-negative breast cancer (BC). In this setting, prognostic factors predicting for treatment failure might help selecting among the different available cytotoxic combinations. METHODS Between 1998 and 2008, 757 consecutive patients with node-negative BC treated in our institution with adjuvant FEC (5FU, epirubicin, cyclophosphamide) chemotherapy were identified. Data collection included demographic, clinico-pathological characteristics and treatment information. Molecular subtypes were derived from estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status and Scarff-Bloom-Richardson (SBR) grade. Disease-free survival (DFS), distant disease-free survival (DDFS) and overall survival (OS) were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier Method, and prognostic factors were examined by multivariate Cox analysis. RESULTS After a median follow-up of 70 months, the 5-year DFS, DDFS and OS were 90.6 % (95 % confidence interval (CI): 88.2-93.1), 92.8 % (95 % CI: 90.7-95) and 95.1 % (95 % CI, 93.3-96.9), respectively. In the multivariate analysis including classical clinico-pathological parameters, only grade 3 maintained a significant and independent adverse prognostic impact. In an alternative multivariate model where ER, PR and grade were replaced by molecular subtypes, only luminal B/HER2-negative and triple-negative subtypes were associated with reduced DFS and DDFS. CONCLUSIONS Node-negative BC patients receiving adjuvant FEC regimen have a favorable outcome. Luminal B/HER2-negative and triple-negative subtypes identify patients with a higher risk of treatment failure, which might warrant more aggressive systemic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rahal
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, 232 Bd. Sainte-Marguerite, 13009, Marseille, France.
| | - J M Boher
- Department of Biostatistics, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France.
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, U1068 INSERM, U7258 CNRS, Marseille, France.
| | - J M Extra
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, 232 Bd. Sainte-Marguerite, 13009, Marseille, France.
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, U1068 INSERM, U7258 CNRS, Marseille, France.
| | - C Tarpin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, 232 Bd. Sainte-Marguerite, 13009, Marseille, France.
| | - E Charafe-Jauffret
- Department of Biopathology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France.
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, U1068 INSERM, U7258 CNRS, Marseille, France.
- Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France.
| | - E Lambaudie
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France.
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, U1068 INSERM, U7258 CNRS, Marseille, France.
| | - R Sabatier
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, 232 Bd. Sainte-Marguerite, 13009, Marseille, France.
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, U1068 INSERM, U7258 CNRS, Marseille, France.
- Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France.
| | - J Thomassin-Piana
- Department of Biopathology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France.
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, U1068 INSERM, U7258 CNRS, Marseille, France.
| | - A Tallet
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France.
| | - M Resbeut
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France.
| | - G Houvenaeghel
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France.
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, U1068 INSERM, U7258 CNRS, Marseille, France.
- Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France.
| | - L Laborde
- Data Management and Analysis Center, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France.
| | - F Bertucci
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, 232 Bd. Sainte-Marguerite, 13009, Marseille, France.
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, U1068 INSERM, U7258 CNRS, Marseille, France.
- Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France.
| | - P Viens
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, 232 Bd. Sainte-Marguerite, 13009, Marseille, France.
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, U1068 INSERM, U7258 CNRS, Marseille, France.
- Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France.
| | - A Gonçalves
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, 232 Bd. Sainte-Marguerite, 13009, Marseille, France.
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, U1068 INSERM, U7258 CNRS, Marseille, France.
- Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France.
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Eggemann H, Ignatov T, Burger E, Kantelhardt EJ, Fettke F, Thomssen C, Costa SD, Ignatov A. Moderate HER2 expression as a prognostic factor in hormone receptor positive breast cancer. Endocr Relat Cancer 2015; 22:725-33. [PMID: 26187126 DOI: 10.1530/erc-15-0335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Overexpression and/or amplification of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is associated with poor prognosis in breast cancer and predicts response to anti-HER2 therapy in breast cancer. The prognostic relevance of moderate expression of HER2 is unclear. Data of 9872 patients with primary nonmetastatic breast cancer from the cancer registries of Magdeburg and Halle, Germany, were analyzed retrospectively. A total of 5907 patients with complete data sets including follow-up were eligible for analysis. HER2 status was determined as recommended by international guidelines. Of 5907 patients investigated, 5023 (68.4%) had HER2 0 and 1+ expression and 884 (12.0%) had HER2 (2+)/HER2- expression. Patients with hormone receptor positive (HR+) and HER2 (2+) tumors had a shorter median disease-free survival (DFS; P<0.0001) and breast cancer specific survival (BCSS; P=0.019) than HR+ patients with HER2 (0/1+) tumors. Among patients with HR- breast cancer there was no significant difference between HER2 (2+) and HER2 (0/1+) tumors. In multivariate analysis after adjustment for other prognostic factors, HER2 (2+) status remained an unfavorable prognostic factor for DFS (hazard ratio (HR)=1.217, 95% CI=1.052-1.408; P=0.008) but not for BCSS (HR=1.045, 95% CI=0.926-1.178; P=0.474). The HER2 (2+) status is an unfavorable prognostic factor for survival of patients with HR+ breast cancer. The impact of anti-HER2 therapy in this group of patients should be evaluated.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Breast Neoplasms/mortality
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/mortality
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology
- Carcinoma, Lobular/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Lobular/mortality
- Carcinoma, Lobular/pathology
- Combined Modality Therapy
- Female
- Follow-Up Studies
- Humans
- Immunoenzyme Techniques
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/metabolism
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/mortality
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/pathology
- Prognosis
- Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism
- Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism
- Receptors, Progesterone/metabolism
- Retrospective Studies
- Survival Rate
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
- Holm Eggemann
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyInstitute of Biometry and Medical InformaticsOtto-von-Guericke University, Gerhart-Hauptmann Straße 35, 39108 Magdeburg, GermanyDepartment of GynecologyMartin Luther University, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Tanja Ignatov
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyInstitute of Biometry and Medical InformaticsOtto-von-Guericke University, Gerhart-Hauptmann Straße 35, 39108 Magdeburg, GermanyDepartment of GynecologyMartin Luther University, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Elke Burger
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyInstitute of Biometry and Medical InformaticsOtto-von-Guericke University, Gerhart-Hauptmann Straße 35, 39108 Magdeburg, GermanyDepartment of GynecologyMartin Luther University, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Eva Johanna Kantelhardt
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyInstitute of Biometry and Medical InformaticsOtto-von-Guericke University, Gerhart-Hauptmann Straße 35, 39108 Magdeburg, GermanyDepartment of GynecologyMartin Luther University, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Franziska Fettke
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyInstitute of Biometry and Medical InformaticsOtto-von-Guericke University, Gerhart-Hauptmann Straße 35, 39108 Magdeburg, GermanyDepartment of GynecologyMartin Luther University, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Christoph Thomssen
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyInstitute of Biometry and Medical InformaticsOtto-von-Guericke University, Gerhart-Hauptmann Straße 35, 39108 Magdeburg, GermanyDepartment of GynecologyMartin Luther University, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Serban Dan Costa
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyInstitute of Biometry and Medical InformaticsOtto-von-Guericke University, Gerhart-Hauptmann Straße 35, 39108 Magdeburg, GermanyDepartment of GynecologyMartin Luther University, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Atanas Ignatov
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyInstitute of Biometry and Medical InformaticsOtto-von-Guericke University, Gerhart-Hauptmann Straße 35, 39108 Magdeburg, GermanyDepartment of GynecologyMartin Luther University, Halle (Saale), Germany
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Parekh T, Dodwell D, Sharma N, Shaaban AM. Radiological and Pathological Predictors of Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer: A Brief Literature Review. Pathobiology 2015; 82:124-32. [PMID: 26330353 DOI: 10.1159/000433582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early clinical response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) in breast cancer correlates with pathological response at surgery. A tailored approach using biomarkers to predict response to NACT has become a research priority. Predictors of response can be divided into pathological and radiological biomarkers. Advances in gene expression profiling and diffusion-weighted MRI techniques are used to predict tumour response, and combinations thereof are the future of predicting response to NACT in early-stage breast cancer. METHODS We searched Medline, CINAHL and Embase databases for studies on NACT. Key words used were NACT, breast cancer, pathological* complete response, primary chemotherapy, radiological*, predictor*, gene expression and biomarkers limited to the English language. Pathological markers such as tumour subtypes, topoisomerase IIα expression, Ki67, apoptosis-related markers and gene expression profiling were included. RESULTS From 119 articles, 42 studies were reviewed; the majority of studies identified used pathological clinical response as an end point to NACT, whilst others used complete clinical response. Despite extensive studies, results regarding long-term survival following NACT and potential predictors are inconclusive. CONCLUSION Future development of a predictive model combining key pathological and radiological biomarkers could provide personalised treatment regimens that improve pathological complete response rates and longer-term outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tejal Parekh
- St James' University Hospital, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
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Hua W, Sa KD, Zhang X, Jia LT, Zhao J, Yang AG, Zhang R, Fan J, Bian K. MicroRNA-139 suppresses proliferation in luminal type breast cancer cells by targeting Topoisomerase II alpha. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 463:1077-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.06.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Wahba HA, El-Hadaad HA. Current approaches in treatment of triple-negative breast cancer. Cancer Biol Med 2015; 12:106-16. [PMID: 26175926 PMCID: PMC4493381 DOI: 10.7497/j.issn.2095-3941.2015.0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is diagnosed more frequently in younger and premenopausal women and is highly prevalent in African American women. TNBC is a term derived from tumors that are characterized by the absence of ER, PgR, and HER2. So patients with TNBC do not benefit from hormonal or trastuzumab-based therapies. TNBCs are biologically aggressive, although some reports suggest that they respond to chemotherapy better than other types of breast cancer, prognosis remains poor. This is due to: shortened disease-free interval in the adjuvant and neoadjuvant setting and a more aggressive course in the metastatic setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan Ahmed Wahba
- Clinical Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Hend Ahmed El-Hadaad
- Clinical Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
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Komenaka IK, Heberer MA, O'Neill PJ, Hsu CH, Nesset EM, Goldberg RF, Winton LM, Bouton ME, Caruso DM. The effect of an evidence-based medicine curriculum on breast cancer knowledge and satisfaction of surgical residents. JOURNAL OF SURGICAL EDUCATION 2015; 72:717-725. [PMID: 25687958 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsurg.2014.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2014] [Revised: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/31/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current study was performed to determine if evidence-based medicine (EBM) curriculum would affect education of surgical residents. DESIGN A 5-year prospective study was designed to determine if EBM curriculum could improve residents' satisfaction and understanding of breast cancer management during a breast surgical oncology rotation. During the first 2 years, 45 journal articles were used. During the subsequent 3 years, journal articles were not used. The proportion of patients seen in clinic was collected as an objective measure of the "effort" made by the resident. The final assessment was a 120-question examination. SETTING Maricopa Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ. Safety net institution with General Surgery residency program. PARTICIPANTS Postgraduate year 2 general surgery residents. RESULTS Over 5 years, 30 postgraduate year 2 residents were involved. Univariate analysis showed that female sex (p = 0.04), residents with peer-reviewed publications (p = 0.03), younger age (p = 0.04), American Board of Surgery in-service training examination score (p = 0.01), and clinical effort (p < 0.01) were associated with higher scores. Although residents taught using the journal articles scored 7 points higher on the final examination, this was not significant (p = 0.10). Multivariate analysis showed that American Board of Surgery in-service training examination score and clinic efficiency remained statistically significant. Residents who were taught using the EBM curriculum had significantly higher satisfaction (4.4 vs 3.5, p = 0.001) compared with those who did not go through the EBM curriculum. CONCLUSIONS The current study demonstrates that an EBM curriculum significantly improved resident satisfaction with the rotation. The EBM curriculum may improve residents' breast cancer knowledge. The most important predictor of resident performance was the effort of resident.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian K Komenaka
- Department of Surgery, Maricopa Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona; Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona.
| | | | | | - Chiu-Hsieh Hsu
- Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona; Mel and Enid Zuckerman Arizona College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | | | - Ross F Goldberg
- Department of Surgery, Maricopa Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Lisa M Winton
- Department of Surgery, Maricopa Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Marcia E Bouton
- Department of Surgery, Maricopa Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Daniel M Caruso
- Department of Surgery, Maricopa Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona
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Adjuvant regimens with trastuzumab administered for small HER2-positive breast cancer in routine clinical practice. Clin Transl Oncol 2015; 17:862-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s12094-015-1316-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Adjuvant Metronomic CMF in a Contemporary Breast Cancer Cohort: What's Old Is New. Clin Breast Cancer 2015; 15:e277-85. [PMID: 26025883 DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2015.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Commonly used adjuvant systemic therapies harbor high rates of severe short-term and long-term side effects but are often justified to patients because of curative intent in early-stage breast cancer. One of the oldest and least toxic adjuvant regimens, CMF (oral cyclophosphamide given with intravenous methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil), has been largely abandoned because of the perception that it underperforms for survival outcomes compared with modern regimens containing anthracycline and/or taxanes. MATERIALS AND METHODS To address this misperception, we performed a review of all consecutive breast cancer patients at the Seattle Cancer Care Alliance over the past decade who received 6 months of adjuvant CMF as their sole chemotherapy regimen and determined rates for relapse-free survival (RFS), overall survival (OS), and major organ toxicity. From January 2003 to August 2013, 248 patients (median age of 52 years at the start of chemotherapy) met criteria for inclusion in this series and had a median follow-up of 67 months. RESULTS RFS and OS at 5 years was 94.5% (91.3%-97.9%) and 98% (96%-100%), respectively. The only major organ toxicity that occurred in > 5% of patients was Grade 3 neutropenia (18.1%, 24 patients). One patient died during therapy from pneumocystis pneumonia attributed to previously undiagnosed AIDS. CONCLUSION In a modern cohort of patients thoroughly characterized for Grade and hormone receptor status, CMF was a well-tolerated and effective adjuvant regimen for early-stage breast cancer and should be considered for appropriately selected patients.
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Huijsmans CJJ, van den Brule AJC, Rigter H, Poodt J, van der Linden JC, Savelkoul PHM, Hilbink M, Hermans MHA. Allelic imbalance at the HER2/TOP2A locus in breast cancer. Diagn Pathol 2015; 10:56. [PMID: 26022247 PMCID: PMC4448206 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-015-0289-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease with various histological features and molecular markers. These are utilized for the prediction of clinical outcome and therapeutic decision making. In addition to well established markers such as HER2 overexpression and estrogen and progesterone receptor (ER and PR) status, chromosomal instability is evolving as an important hallmark of cancers. The HER2/TOP2A locus is of great importance in breast cancer. The copy number variability at this locus has been proposed to be a marker for the degree of chromosomal instability. We therefore developed a Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) assay to evaluate allelic imbalance at the HER2/TOP2A locus in three different entities of primary breast tumors. METHODS Eleven SNPs were carefully selected and detected by real time PCR using DNA extracted from paired (histologically normal and tumor) paraffin-embedded tissues. Primary breast tumors of 44 patients were included, 15 tumors with HER2 overexpression, 16 triple negative tumors, defined by the absence of HER2 overexpression and a negative ER and PR status and 13 ER and PR positive tumors without HER2 overexpression. As controls, histologically normal breast tissues from 10 patients with no breast tumor were included. RESULTS Allelic imbalance was observed in 13/15 (87 %) HER2 positive tumors, the remaining 2 being inconclusive. Of the 16 triple negative tumors, 12 (75 %) displayed instability, 3 (19 %) displayed no instability, and 1 was inconclusive. Of the 13 hormone receptor positive tumors, 5 (38 %) displayed allelic imbalance, while 8 did not. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that the SNP assay is suitable for rapid testing of allelic (im)balance at the HER2/TOP2A locus using paraffin-embedded tissues. Based on allelic imbalance at this locus, both triple negative and ER and PR positive breast tumors can be subcategorized. The clinical relevance of the allelic (im)balance status at the HER2/TOP2A locus in breast cancer is subject of future study. VIRTUAL SLIDES The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/2086062232155220.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelis J J Huijsmans
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics, Jeroen Bosch Hospital, PO Box 90153, 5200 ME, 's-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands.
| | - Adriaan J C van den Brule
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics, Jeroen Bosch Hospital, PO Box 90153, 5200 ME, 's-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands.
| | - Henny Rigter
- Laboratory of Pathology, Jeroen Bosch Hospital, PO Box 90153, 5223 GZ, 's-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands.
| | - Jeroen Poodt
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics, Jeroen Bosch Hospital, PO Box 90153, 5200 ME, 's-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands.
| | - Johannes C van der Linden
- Laboratory of Pathology, Jeroen Bosch Hospital, PO Box 90153, 5223 GZ, 's-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands.
| | - Paul H M Savelkoul
- Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, VU University Medical Center, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Department Medical Microbiology, Maastricht University Medical Center, PO box 5800, 6202 AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Mirrian Hilbink
- Jeroen Bosch Academy, Jeroen Bosch Hospital, PO Box 90153, 5223 GZ, 's-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands.
| | - Mirjam H A Hermans
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics, Jeroen Bosch Hospital, PO Box 90153, 5200 ME, 's-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands.
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65
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Moderate level of HER2 expression and its prognostic significance in breast cancer with intermediate grade. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2015; 151:357-64. [DOI: 10.1007/s10549-015-3407-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Abstract
Biomarkers are important for early detection of cancer, prognosis, response prediction, and detection of residual or relapsing disease. Special attention has been given to diagnostic markers for prostate cancer since it is thought that early detection and surgery might reduce prostate cancer-specific mortality. The use of prostate-specific antigen, PSA (KLK3), has been debated on the base of cohort studies that show that its use in preventive screenings only marginally influences mortality from prostate cancer. Many groups have identified alternative or additional markers, among which PCA3, in order to detect early prostate cancer through screening, to distinguish potentially lethal from indolent prostate cancers, and to guide the treatment decision. The large number of markers proposed has led us to the present study in which we analyze these indicators for their diagnostic and prognostic potential using publicly available genomic data. We identified 380 markers from literature analysis on 20,000 articles on prostate cancer markers. The most interesting ones appeared to be claudin 3 (CLDN3) and alpha-methysacyl-CoA racemase highly expressed in prostate cancer and filamin C (FLNC) and keratin 5 with highest expression in normal prostate tissue. None of the markers proposed can compete with PSA for tissue specificity. The indicators proposed generally show a great variability of expression in normal and tumor tissue or are expressed at similar levels in other tissues. Those proposed as prognostic markers distinguish cases with marginally different risk of progression and appear to have a clinically limited use. We used data sets sampling 152 prostate tissues, data sets with 281 prostate cancers analyzed by microarray analysis and a study of integrated genomics on 218 cases to develop a multigene score. A multivariate model that combines several indicators increases the discrimination power but does not add impressively to the information obtained from Gleason scoring. This analysis of 10 years of marker research suggests that diagnostic and prognostic testing is more difficult in prostate cancer than in other neoplasms and that we must continue to search for better candidates.
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Erber R, Gluz O, Brünner N, Kreipe HH, Pelz E, Kates R, Bartels A, Huober J, Mohrmann S, Moustafa Z, Liedtke C, Möbus V, Augustin D, Thomssen C, Jänicke F, Kiechle M, Kuhn W, Nitz U, Harbeck N, Hartmann A. Predictive role of HER2/neu, topoisomerase-II-alpha, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP-1) for response to adjuvant taxane-based chemotherapy in patients with intermediate-risk breast cancer: results from the WSG-AGO EC-Doc trial. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2015; 150:279-88. [PMID: 25721604 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-015-3310-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Taxane-anthracycline-based adjuvant chemotherapy is standard of care in patients with node-positive breast cancer (BC) but is also associated with severe side effects and significant costs. It is yet unclear, which biomarkers would predict benefit from taxanes and/or general chemoresistance. In this study, we investigate a large cohort of patients with intermediate-risk BC treated within the WSG EC-DOC Trial for the predictive impact of topoisomerase-II-alpha, HER2/neu, and TIMP-1. Tumor tissue was available in a representative cohort of 772 cases of the WSG EC-DOC Trial collective which compared 4xEC-4xDoc versus 6xCEF/CMF. In addition to hormone receptor status and Ki-67, HER2/neu+ and topoisomerase-II-alpha status using fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) and immunohistochemistry, TIMP-1 using immunohistochemistry, and aneuploidy of chromosome 17 using FISH were evaluated and correlated with outcome and taxane benefit. There was significant superiority of EC-Doc over CEF regarding 5-year DFS (90 vs. 80 %, respectively, p = 0.006) particularly in patient subgroups defined by HR+, HER2/neu+, high proliferation (i.e., Ki-67 ≥ 20 %), patient age >50 years old and normal chromosome 17 status, high TIMP-1 and low topoisomerase-II-alpha protein expression. Significant prognostic factors in multivariate analysis were EC-Doc therapy (HR = 0.61; 95 %CI 0.38-0.986), age <50 years old (HR = 1.682; 95 %CI 1.025-2.579), centrally assessed grade 3 (HR = 4.657; 95 %CI 1.809-11.989), and high Ki-67 (HR = 2.232; 95 %CI 1.209-4.121). Interestingly, we observed a significant interaction between treatment arm (EC-Doc vs. CEF) and high topoisomerase-II-alpha protein expression (HR = 0.427; 95 %CI 0.203-0.900) in multivariate interaction analysis. Despite of univariate predictive effect of HER2/neu status among other factors only topoisomerase-II-alpha protein expression was associated with significant benefit from EC-Doc compared to CEF by multivariate interaction analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramona Erber
- Institute of Pathology, University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Krankenhausstraße 8-10, 91054, Erlangen, Germany,
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HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer: a changing scenario. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2015; 95:78-87. [PMID: 25748080 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2015.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Revised: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Adjuvant trastuzumab (AT) dramatically improved HER2-positive breast cancer prognosis. Relapsed disease after AT has different patterns and information is available from observational studies. In this Review Chemotherapy regimens combined to anti-HER2 blockade are discussed, focusing in particular the role of anthracyclines, taxanes and capecitabine. The use of trastuzumab beyond progression and the role of other anti-HER2 agents like lapatinib, pertuzumab and T-DM1 are explored, as also dual blockade and in trastuzumab resistant Patients. Metastatic "de novo" HER2 Luminal (co-expression of HER2 and hormone receptors) Patients are eligible for anastrozole and trastuzumab but if pretreated with trastuzumab they are also eligible for lapatinib and letrozole. In any case endocrine treatment plays a complementary role to chemotherapy which remains pivotal. The last topic explored is treatment options for patients with brain metastases where both trastuzumab given concurrent with radiotherapy or lapatinib and capecitabine appear as potentially active.
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69
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Gu X, Jia S, Wei W, Zhang WH. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy of breast cancer with pirarubicin versus epirubicin in combination with cyclophosphamide and docetaxel. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:5529-35. [PMID: 25682286 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3221-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancers (BC) are treated with surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) is an emerging treatment option in many cancers and is given before primary therapy to shrink tumor size. The efficacy of NACT in varied settings of BC, such as inoperable tumors, borderline resectable tumors, and breast-conserving surgery, has been debated extensively in literature, and the results remain unclear and depended on a wide variety of factors such as cancer type, disease extent, and the specific combination of chemotherapy drugs. This study was performed to examine the efficacy, toxicity, and tolerability of pirarubicin (THP) and epirubicin (EPI) in combination with docetaxel and cyclophosphamide in a NACT setting for BC. A total of 48 patients with stage II or III breast cancers were randomly divided into two groups: THP group and EPI group. The patients in THP group received 2-4 cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy with DTC regimen (docetaxel, THP, cyclophosphamide), while patients in the EPI group received 2-4 cycles of DEC regimen (docetaxel, EPI, cyclophosphamide) before surgery. The incidence of adverse reactions and the efficacy of the treatment regimen were compared between the two groups. Prognostic evaluation indexes were estimated by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, including the 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). The overall response rate in THP group was 83.3 %, and the EPI group showed a response rate of 79.2 %, with no statistically significant difference in response rate between the two groups. The incidence of cardiac toxicity, myelosuppression, nausea, and vomiting in the THP group was significantly lower than the EPI group (all P < 0.05). The incidence of hepatic toxicity, alopecia, and diarrhea in the THP group was also lower than the EPI group, but these differences were not statistically significant. The 5-year DFS and OS in THP versus EPI groups were 80 versus 76 % (DFS) and 86 versus 81 % (OS), respectively. Our study found that NACT with DTC regimen and DEC regimen were both very effective in treatment of BC. However, THP-based combination therapy was associated with significantly lower incidence of cardiac toxicity, myelosuppression, nausea, and vomiting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Gu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Sanhao Road No.36, Heping District, Shenyang, 110022, People's Republic of China
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Susini T, Berti B, Carriero C, Tavella K, Nori J, Vanzi E, Molino C, Di Tommaso M, Santini M, Saladino V, Bianchi S. Topoisomerase II alpha and TLE3 as predictive markers of response to anthracycline and taxane-containing regimens for neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2014; 7:2111-20. [PMID: 25484594 PMCID: PMC4240193 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s71646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Anthracyclines and taxanes are considered the standard for neoadjuvant chemotherapy of breast cancer, although they are often associated with serious side effects and wide variability of individual response. In this study, we analyzed the value of topoisomerase II alpha (TOP2A) and transducin-like enhancer of split 3 (TLE3) as predictive markers of response to therapy with anthracyclines and taxanes. Materials and methods TOP2A and TLE3 protein expressions were evaluated using immunohistochemistry on 28 samples, obtained by core needle biopsy in patients with locally advanced breast carcinoma, subsequently subjected to epirubicin- and paclitaxel-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The immunohistochemical staining was correlated with the clinical response measured by the tumor size reduction evaluated by breast magnetic resonance imaging, prior and after chemotherapy, and by pathologic evaluation of the surgical specimen. Results Neoadjuvant chemotherapy achieved a size reduction in 26/28 tumors (92.9%), with an average percentage decrease of 45.6%. A downstaging was achieved in 71.4% of the cases of locally advanced carcinoma. TOP2A positivity was correlated with a greater reduction in tumor diameter (P=0.06); negative staining for TLE3 was predictive of a better response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (P=0.07). A higher reduction in tumor diameter (P=0.03) was also found for tumors that were concurrently TLE3-negative and TOP2A-positive. Conclusion TOP2A and TLE3 showed a correlation with response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. While TOP2A is a well-known marker of response to anthracyclines-based chemotherapy, TLE3 is a new putative predictor of response to taxanes. Data from the current study suggest that TOP2A and TLE3 warrant further investigation in a larger series as predictors of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy for locally advanced breast carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Susini
- Department of Health Science, Gynecology Section, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Barbara Berti
- Department of Health Science, Gynecology Section, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Carlo Carriero
- Department of Health Science, Gynecology Section, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Ketty Tavella
- Department of Health Science, Chemotherapy Section, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Jacopo Nori
- Diagnostic Senology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Ermanno Vanzi
- Diagnostic Senology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Cecilia Molino
- Department of Health Science, Gynecology Section, University of Florence, Italy
| | | | - Marco Santini
- Department of Health Science, Gynecology Section, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Valeria Saladino
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, Pathology Unit, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Simonetta Bianchi
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, Pathology Unit, University of Florence, Italy
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HER2 as a predictive factor for successful neoadjuvant anthracycline chemotherapy of locally advanced and early breast cancer. Int J Biol Markers 2014; 29:e187-92. [PMID: 25041784 DOI: 10.5301/jbm.5000094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to look for predictive and prognostic factors in anthracycline-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy. METHODS Three hundred and nine patients with early-stage or locally advanced breast cancer were enrolled in this study and preoperatively treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapies in intense dose-dense (cyclophosphamide + epirubicin) or conventional (paclitaxel + epirubicin) regimens. Outcome parameters included overall objective response rate, as well as factors for determining pathological features influencing the efficacy of chemotherapy, such as estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and HER2 status, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) score, tumor size, tumor inflammation, and lymph node metastasis. RESULTS The overall pathological complete response (pCR) rate was 14.3%, and the main factor affecting the efficacy of chemotherapy was HER2 expression. The pCR rate was significantly higher for patients with HER2 overexpression, compared with patients with low HER2 expression (27.5% vs. 9.6%, p<0.001). The recurrence risk for patients with pCR decreased 1.12-fold compared with patients without pCR (5-year disease-free survival [DFS]: 81.8% vs. 65.7%, p=0.038). Patients in the HER2 overexpression subgroup benefited more from pCR than those in the HER2 low expression group (5-year DFS: 86.4% vs. 62.1%, p=0.049). CONCLUSION HER2 overexpression in primary tumors might be a predictive marker for good efficacy of anthracycline-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The pCR is a suitable prognostic factor, even for patients with HER2 overexpression.
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Lavaud P, Andre F. Strategies to overcome trastuzumab resistance in HER2-overexpressing breast cancers: focus on new data from clinical trials. BMC Med 2014; 12:132. [PMID: 25285786 PMCID: PMC4243818 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-014-0132-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancers over-express the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) in about 15% of patients. This transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptor activates downstream signaling pathways and leads to proliferation of cancer cells. Trastuzumab, an anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody, improves outcome in women with early and metastatic breast cancer. Resistance to trastuzumab involves the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/mTOR) pathway, truncation of the Her2 receptor or lack of immune response. The last decade has seen major advances in strategies to overcome resistance to trastuzumab. This includes the development of antibody-drug conjugates, dual HER2 inhibition strategies, inhibition of PI3K/mTOR pathway and development of modulators of immune checkpoints.
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73
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Crozier JA, Swaika A, Moreno-Aspitia A. Adjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer: To use or not to use, the anthracyclines. World J Clin Oncol 2014; 5:529-538. [PMID: 25114866 PMCID: PMC4127622 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v5.i3.529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer continues to be one of the leading causes of cancer mortality in the world. The treatment generally involves multiple modalities including surgery, radiation and/or chemotherapy. Anthracyclines, one of the first chemotherapeutic agents introduced in the 1960s, has been the backbone for the last 30 years and has been used extensively so far. However, the cardiac toxicity and the concern for secondary hematological malignancy has always been a challenge. A better understanding of the tumor biology, role of Her2 expression and the discovery of trastuzumab and other anti-Her 2 agents along with other effective novel therapeutic options, have revolutionized the treatment for breast cancer. The role of anthracyclines has come under close scrutiny, especially in the adjuvant setting for patients with early stage breast cancer and those with low or intermediate risk of disease recurrence. Recent studies have highlighted such a shift in the use of anthracyclines in both the academic and community clinical practice. However, in patients with a high risk of relapse, anthracyclines still hold promise. Ongoing clinical trials are underway to further define the role of anthracyclines in such a patient population. This review highlights the development, clinical utility, limitations and potential future use of anthracyclines in the adjuvant setting for patients with breast cancer. We consulted PubMed, Scopus, MEDLINE, ASCO annual symposium abstracts, and http://clinicaltrials.gov/ for the purpose of this review.
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74
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Esposito A, Criscitiello C, Salè EO, Curigliano G. Optimal adjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer: selection of agents. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2014; 7:605-11. [PMID: 25080998 DOI: 10.1586/17512433.2014.945429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Historically, the selection of the most effective adjuvant regimen for breast cancer patients was based on tumor size and nodal status but this approach took into account the stage only, without considering that the biology of the tumor matters as well, as breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease at the molecular level. In the present manuscript we will attempt to address the issue of selecting the most appropriate cytotoxic agents for adjuvant programs in the clinically and biologically distinct subgroups of endocrine responsive (luminal A and luminal B), HER2 positive and triple negative breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Esposito
- Division of Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Via Ripamonti 435, 20133 Milano, Italy
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75
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Chen X, Ye G, Zhang C, Li X, Chen Y, Xie X, Zheng H, Cao Y, Wu K, Ni D, Tang J, Wei Z, Shen K. Superior outcome after neoadjuvant chemotherapy with docetaxel, anthracycline, and cyclophosphamide versus docetaxel plus cyclophosphamide: results from the NATT trial in triple negative or HER2 positive breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2014; 142:549-58. [PMID: 24292815 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-013-2761-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of docetaxel plus cyclophosphamide(TC) compared with docetaxel, anthracycline, and cyclophosphamide(TEC) in neoadjuvant treatment of triple negative or HER2 positive breast cancer. Eligible breast cancer patients were randomized to receive six cycles of TC or TEC. The primary end point was pathological complete remission (pCR). Secondary end points included safety, clinical response rate, and survival outcome. One hundred and two patients were initially randomized and 96 patients were available for efficacy analysis. 96.9 % patients were treated with epirubicin as an anthracycline agent. pCR rates were 6.8 % (3/45) and 17.6 % (9/51) in TC and TEC group, respectively, P = 0.113. After a mean follow up of 20 (3–36) months, non-anthracycline-containing TC regimen treatment resulted in a worse event free survival (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 2.42; 95 % CI1.11–5.30) and disease-free survival (HR 2.85; 95 % CI1.21–6.74) compared with TEC regimen, which was more apparent in triple negative subtype. Severe adverse event rates were similar, except that patients treated with TEC had a higher rate of neutropenia and leucopenia. TEC treatment had a superior survival outcome and trend of higher pCR rate compared with TC in this trial setting, especially in triple negative subtype, which deserves further validation.
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Abstract
The most significant contribution of molecular subtyping of breast carcinomas has been the identification of estrogen-positive and estrogen-negative tumor subtypes, which are 2 distinct entities with differing prognoses and requiring different therapy. Molecular and genetic analyses can provide prognostic information; however, a thorough histopathologic evaluation with an evaluation of predictive biomarkers will provide similar information. Knowledge of genetic alterations in these tumors will help identify novel therapeutic targets, which might have an impact on prognosis. Understanding the progression pathways involved in the transition of in situ carcinoma to invasive carcinoma might lead to efficient risk stratification in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudeshna Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University, 540 E Canfield Street, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
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Burstein HJ. Patients with triple negative breast cancer: is there an optimal adjuvant treatment? Breast 2014; 22 Suppl 2:S147-8. [PMID: 24074776 DOI: 10.1016/j.breast.2013.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Harold J Burstein
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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Bull-Hansen B, Cao Y, Berg K, Skarpen E, Rosenblum MG, Weyergang A. Photochemical activation of the recombinant HER2-targeted fusion toxin MH3-B1/rGel; Impact of HER2 expression on treatment outcome. J Control Release 2014; 182:58-66. [PMID: 24637464 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Revised: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
HER2 is overexpressed in 20-30% of breast tumors and is associated with aggressiveness and increased risk of recurrence and death. The HER2 protein is internalized as a part of its activity, and may therefore be utilized as a target for the specific intracellular delivery of drugs. Photochemical internalization (PCI) is a novel technology now undergoing clinical evaluation for its ability to improve the release into the cytosol of drugs entrapped in the endo/lysosomal compartment. PCI employs an amphiphilic photosensitizer which localizes in the membranes of endo/lysosomes. Subsequent light exposure (visible light) causes destabilization of the endo/lysosomal membranes. PCI has been proven highly effective for improving the cytosolic delivery of targeted toxins based on type I ribosome inactivating protein toxins such as gelonin. We examined the impact of the level of target antigen expression on PCI efficacy. Four human breast cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-231, BT-20, Zr-75-1 and SK-BR-3) covering a wide range of HER2 expression were included in the present study. PCI of the HER2-targeted fusion toxin MH3-B1/rGel was found to be highly effective in all four cell lines. The increase in PCI-mediated efficacy was not directly correlated with the cellular levels of HER2 as assessed by western blots, the overall uptake of MH3-B1/rGel as measured by flow cytometry, the amount of MH3-B1/rGel localized to endo/lysosomes assessed by confocal microscopy or the cell sensitivity to the photochemical treatment itself (photosensitizer and light without MH3-B1/rGel). However, correcting the PCI efficacy for the baseline cellular sensitivity to rGel revealed a linear correlation (R(2)=0.80) with HER2 expression. The present report therefore concludes the cellular sensitivity to the toxin as an important parameter for PCI efficacy and also indicates PCI of a HER2-targeted fusion toxin as an attractive treatment alternative for breast cancer patients with both HER2-low and -high expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bente Bull-Hansen
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| | - Yu Cao
- Immunopharmacology and Targeted Therapy Laboratory, Department of Experimental Therapeutics, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kristian Berg
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| | - Ellen Skarpen
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Cancer Research, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| | - Michael G Rosenblum
- Immunopharmacology and Targeted Therapy Laboratory, Department of Experimental Therapeutics, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Anette Weyergang
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Norway.
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Mrózek E, Layman R, Ramaswamy B, Lustberg M, Vecchione A, Knopp MV, Shapiro CL. Phase II trial of neoadjuvant weekly nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel, carboplatin, and biweekly bevacizumab therapy in women with clinical stage II or III HER2-negative breast cancer. Clin Breast Cancer 2014; 14:228-34. [PMID: 24703985 DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2014.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We hypothesized that adding bevacizumab to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT) with nab-P and carboplatin would increase the rates of pCR in BC patients and that early changes in tumor vascularity imaged by dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) would predict pCR. METHODS Thirty-three women with clinical stage II or III HER2-negative BC received nab-P 100 mg/m2 and carboplatin area under the curve = 2 on days 1, 8, and 15 in combination with bevacizumab 10 mg/kg on days 1 and 15 administered every 28 days. RESULTS Six patients (18%) achieved pCR, all pCRs occurred in triple-negative BC (TNBC) (pCR = 50% for TNBC). At the end of cycle 2, the changes in relative angiogenic volume were significantly different between responders and nonresponders (P = .001). The major toxicity of this NCT was myelosuppression. CONCLUSION NCT with weekly nab-P, carboplatin, and biweekly bevacizumab resulted in a pCR rate that was neither superior to the historical data with anthracycline- or taxane-containing NCT nor to carboplatin and taxane combinations in patients with HER2-negative BC. In patients with TNBC, the observed pCR rate was 50%. The early changes in the relative angiogenic volume imaged by DCE-MRI could predict pCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Mrózek
- Division of Medical Oncology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH.
| | - Rachel Layman
- Division of Medical Oncology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH
| | - Bhuvaneswari Ramaswamy
- Division of Medical Oncology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH
| | - Maryam Lustberg
- Division of Medical Oncology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH
| | - Andrea Vecchione
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics, College of Medicine and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Michael V Knopp
- Division of Imaging Science, Department of Radiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Charles L Shapiro
- Division of Medical Oncology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH
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Benefit from anthracyclines in relation to biological profiles in early breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2014; 144:307-18. [DOI: 10.1007/s10549-013-2819-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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81
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Saracchini S, Foltran L, Tuccia F, Bassini A, Sulfaro S, Micheli E, Del Conte A, Bertola M, Gion M, Lorenzon M, Tumolo S. Phase II study of liposome-encapsulated doxorubicin plus cyclophosphamide, followed by sequential trastuzumab plus docetaxel as primary systemic therapy for breast cancer patients with HER2 overexpression or amplification. Breast 2013; 22:1101-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.breast.2013.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Revised: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 09/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Huang L, Chen T, Chen C, Chen S, Liu Y, Wu J, Shao Z. Prognostic and predictive value of Phospho-p44/42 and pAKT in HER2-positive locally advanced breast cancer patients treated with anthracycline-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy. World J Surg Oncol 2013; 11:307. [PMID: 24289519 PMCID: PMC4220778 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7819-11-307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 11/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate the predictive and prognostic value of various molecular factors associated with the Ras/MAPK and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways in HER2-positive locally advanced breast cancer patients treated with anthracycline-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). METHODS A total of 113 patients were recruited in this retrospective study. Core needle biopsies and excision samples were assessed through immunohistochemistry for various biomarkers, including IGF-1R, Phospho-p44/42, Ki67, pAKT, PTEN, p27, and cyclinD1. The changes in these biomarkers after NAC and their predictive and prognostic values were investigated. RESULTS Significant decreases in Ki67, Phospho-p44/42, and pAKT expression were observed after treatment (30.7% vs. 18.1%, 36.4% vs. 18.9%, and 35.1% vs. 16.4%, respectively). The decreases in Phospho-p44/42, pAKT, and Ki67 expression were strongly associated with the response to anthracycline treatment (P = 0.027, P = 0.031, and P = 0.008, respectively). In a multivariate survival analysis, Phospho-p44/42 expression after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and lymph node status were significant independent prognostic factors of both relapse-free survival and overall survival. CONCLUSIONS Reductions in Ki-67, Phospho-p44/42, and pAKT expression are related to the clinical response to anthracycline-based NAC in HER2-positive breast cancer patients. High pAKT expression prior to NAC had a better clinical response. Phospho-p44/42 expression and lymph node status after NAC could be useful for determining relapse-free survival and overall survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Huang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center/Cancer Institute, 399 Ling-Ling Road, 200032 Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
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83
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Montemurro F, Di Cosimo S, Arpino G. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive and hormone receptor-positive breast cancer: new insights into molecular interactions and clinical implications. Ann Oncol 2013; 24:2715-2724. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdt287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
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85
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Moretti E, Desmedt C, Biagioni C, Regan MM, Oakman C, Larsimont D, Galardi F, Piccart-Gebhart M, Sotiriou C, Rimm DL, Di Leo A. TOP2A protein by quantitative immunofluorescence as a predictor of response to epirubicin in the neoadjuvant treatment of breast cancer. Future Oncol 2013; 9:1477-87. [DOI: 10.2217/fon.13.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Anthracyclines are commonly used in breast cancer, although they lack validated predictive biomarkers. We explored the interaction between TOP2A protein by quantitative immunofluorescence (QIF) and anthracycline sensitivity. Patients & methods: Patients with estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer received neoadjuvant epirubicin. Pretreatment biopsies were analyzed using AQUA®. Total, cytoplasmic (C) and nuclear (N) TOP2A protein concentrations were expressed as QIF scores and compared with pathologic complete response (pCR), TOP2A by immunohistochemistry, TOP2A mRNA, TOP2A and HER2 gene status, and Ki-67 level. Results: In total, 76 cases were assessable. C, N, and total scores did not correlate with pCR, or other markers. The N:C ratio differed significantly by HER2 status. No pCRs occurred in patients in the lowest N:C quartile. Conclusion: Although no relevant correlation between TOP2A QIF scores and pCR was found, N:C ratio may have a negative predictive role, and may merit further exploration in a multifactorial predictive model that includes tumor and host factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Moretti
- ‘Sandro Pitigliani‘ Medical Oncology Unit, Hospital of Prato, Istituto Toscano Tumori, Piazza Ospedale 2, 59100, Prato, Italy
| | - Christine Desmedt
- Breast Cancer Translational Research Laboratory JC Heuson, Jules Bordet Institute, 121 Boulevard de Waterloo, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Chiara Biagioni
- ‘Sandro Pitigliani‘ Medical Oncology Unit, Hospital of Prato, Istituto Toscano Tumori, Piazza Ospedale 2, 59100, Prato, Italy
| | - Meredith M Regan
- Department of Biostatistics & Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute & Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Avenue CLSB 11046, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Catherine Oakman
- ‘Sandro Pitigliani‘ Medical Oncology Unit, Hospital of Prato, Istituto Toscano Tumori, Piazza Ospedale 2, 59100, Prato, Italy
| | - Denis Larsimont
- Department of Pathology, Jules Bordet Institute, 121 Boulevard de Waterloo, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Francesca Galardi
- Translational Research Unit, Hospital of Prato, Istituto Toscano Tumori, Piazza Ospedale 2, 59100 Prato, Italy
| | - Martine Piccart-Gebhart
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jules Bordet Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 121 Boulevard de Waterloo, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christos Sotiriou
- Breast Cancer Translational Research Laboratory JC Heuson, Jules Bordet Institute, 121 Boulevard de Waterloo, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - David L Rimm
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, PO Box 208023, 310 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520-8023, USA
| | - Angelo Di Leo
- ‘Sandro Pitigliani‘ Medical Oncology Unit, Hospital of Prato, Istituto Toscano Tumori, Piazza Ospedale 2, 59100, Prato, Italy
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Tang Y, Mackey J, Lai R, Ghosh S, Santos C, Graham K, Damaraju S, Pasdar M, Li L. Quantitative proteomic analysis of HER2 normal and overexpressing MCF-7 breast cancer cells revealed proteomic changes accompanied with HER2 gene amplification. J Proteomics 2013; 91:200-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Accepted: 06/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Joerger M, Thürlimann B. Chemotherapy regimens in early breast cancer: major controversies and future outlook. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2013; 13:165-78. [PMID: 23406558 DOI: 10.1586/era.12.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The addition of adjuvant chemotherapy in early breast cancer improves overall survival by approximately 10%. Recommendations favor the use of anthracyclines and taxanes in patients with luminal B disease, while the use of an anthracycline, taxane and alkylating agent is recommended in triple-negative disease. In luminal B disease, the addition of chemotherapy to endocrine treatment depends on estrogen receptor expression and overall risk. Chemotherapy is not recommended in most patients with luminal A (highly hormone-sensitive and low proliferation) breast cancer. A major controversy is the addition of adjuvant chemotherapy to endocrine treatment in patients with estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. In some of these patients, multigene signatures such as the 21-gene recurrence score may be a useful addition to histopathology. The introduction of molecular subtypes and gene signatures improves the complexity of early breast cancer treatment, and individual institutes have to find their policy based on their histopathological information and the availability of gene signatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Joerger
- Department of Oncology & Hematology, Cantonal Hospital, Rorschacherstrasse 95, 9007 St Gallen, Switzerland.
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Ejlertsen B, Jensen MB, Elversang J, Rasmussen BB, Andersson M, Andersen J, Nielsen DL, Cold S, Mouridsen HT. One year of adjuvant tamoxifen compared with chemotherapy and tamoxifen in postmenopausal patients with stage II breast cancer. Eur J Cancer 2013; 49:2986-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2013.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Revised: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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89
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Ribeiro J, Sousa B, Cardoso F. Optimal approach in early breast cancer: Adjuvant and neoadjuvant treatment. EJC Suppl 2013; 11:3-22. [PMID: 26217109 PMCID: PMC4041408 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcsup.2013.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - F. Cardoso
- Champalimaud Cancer Center, Breast Unit, Lisbon, Portugal
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Hayashi M, Yamamoto Y, Takata N, Iwase H. A case of synchronous bilateral breast cancer with different pathological responses to neoadjuvant chemotherapy with different biological character. SPRINGERPLUS 2013; 2:272. [PMID: 23875131 PMCID: PMC3696175 DOI: 10.1186/2193-1801-2-272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
We report a case of synchronous locally advanced bilateral breast cancer with different pathological responses to neoadjuvant chemotherapy with different biological character. The patient had presented bilateral breast cancer: the left breast cancer was hormone receptor negative, human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) positive, and classified as T4bN1M0, stage IIIb, while the right was hormone receptor positive, HER2-negative, and classified as T4bN0M0, stage IIIb. We administered four cycles of anthracycline-based therapy followed by 12 weekly cycles of taxane with trastuzumab for neoadjuvant chemotherapy. We had achieved a significant left tumor reduction after each chemotherapy, but not right tumor. Bilateral modified radical mastectomies with axillary lymph-node dissection were performed. The therapeutic effect in the left was determined as a pathological complete response, in contrast to the right side. She has no recurrence for more than five years, though she had advanced cancer with oncologic emergency. This case could be an informative experience to understand the relation of tumor biology and response to systemic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuhiro Hayashi
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto-city, Kumamoto, 860-8556 Japan
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To review the recently published trials to help us refine and optimize the use of approved HER2-targeted agents (trastuzumab and lapatinib) and highlight future combination strategies for the treatment of HER2-positive breast cancer. RECENT FINDINGS Pertuzumab, which prevents the dimerization of HER2/HER3, and trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1), a novel antibody drug conjugate (trastuzumab joined via a stable linker to a derivative of the potent cytotoxic agent maytansine), have both demonstrated promising clinical activity in HER2-positive breast cancer. Dual anti-HER2 regimens combining trastuzumab with lapatinib or pertuzumab show remarkable synergy and improved outcomes in patients previously thought to have refractory disease. In the neoadjuvant setting, dual anti-HER2 blockade and chemotherapy have almost doubled the rates of pathologic complete response compared to single anti-HER2 therapy. A better understanding of the mechanisms of resistance has led to the development of rational combination therapies cotargeting the PI3K and vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathways. SUMMARY New therapeutic options such as pertuzumab or T-DM1 will yield clinically meaningful improvements for patients with HER2-positive breast cancer. Given the high prevalence of intrinsic and acquired resistance to single-agent regimens, the treatment paradigm is shifting toward a dual anti-HER2 therapeutic approach.
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92
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Patani N, Martin LA, Dowsett M. Biomarkers for the clinical management of breast cancer: international perspective. Int J Cancer 2013; 133:1-13. [PMID: 23280579 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.27997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2012] [Accepted: 12/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The higher incidence of breast cancer in developed countries has been tempered by reductions in mortality, largely attributable to mammographic screening programmes and advances in adjuvant therapy. Optimal systemic management requires consideration of clinical, pathological and biological parameters. Oestrogen receptor alpha (ERα), progesterone receptor (PgR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) are established biomarkers evaluated at diagnosis, which identify cardinal subtypes of breast cancer. Their prognostic and predictive utility effectively guides systemic treatment with endocrine, anti-HER2 and chemotherapy. Hence, accurate and reliable determination remains of paramount importance. However, the goals of personalized medicine and targeted therapies demand further information regarding residual risk and potential benefit of additional treatments in specific circumstances. The need for biomarkers which are fit for purpose, and the demands placed upon them, is therefore expected to increase. Technological advances, in particular high-throughput global gene expression profiling, have generated multi-gene signatures providing further prognostic and predictive information. The rational integration of routinely evaluated clinico-pathological parameters with key indicators of biological activity, such as proliferation markers, also provides a ready opportunity to improve the information available to guide systemic therapy decisions. The additional value of such information and its proper place in patient management is currently under evaluation in prospective clinical trials. Expanding the utility of biomarkers to lower resource settings requires an emphasis on cost effectiveness, quality assurance and possible international variations in tumor biology; the potential for improved clinical outcomes should be justified against logistical and economic considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neill Patani
- The Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Center, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
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Jay SM, Murthy AC, Hawkins JF, Wortzel JR, Steinhauser ML, Alvarez LM, Gannon J, Macrae CA, Griffith LG, Lee RT. An engineered bivalent neuregulin protects against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity with reduced proneoplastic potential. Circulation 2013; 128:152-61. [PMID: 23757312 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.113.002203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Doxorubicin (DOXO) is an effective anthracycline chemotherapeutic, but its use is limited by cumulative dose-dependent cardiotoxicity. Neuregulin-1β is an ErbB receptor family ligand that is effective against DOXO-induced cardiomyopathy in experimental models but is also proneoplastic. We previously showed that an engineered bivalent neuregulin-1β (NN) has reduced proneoplastic potential in comparison with the epidermal growth factor-like domain of neuregulin-1β (NRG), an effect mediated by receptor biasing toward ErbB3 homotypic interactions uncommonly formed by native neuregulin-1β. Here, we hypothesized that a newly formulated, covalent NN would be cardioprotective with reduced proneoplastic effects in comparison with NRG. METHODS AND RESULTS NN was expressed as a maltose-binding protein fusion in Escherichia coli. As established previously, NN stimulated antineoplastic or cytostatic signaling and phenotype in cancer cells, whereas NRG stimulated proneoplastic signaling and phenotype. In neonatal rat cardiomyocytes, NN and NRG induced similar downstream signaling. NN, like NRG, attenuated the double-stranded DNA breaks associated with DOXO exposure in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes and human cardiomyocytes derived from induced pluripotent stem cells. NN treatment significantly attenuated DOXO-induced decrease in fractional shortening as measured by blinded echocardiography in mice in a chronic cardiomyopathy model (57.7±0.6% versus 50.9±2.6%, P=0.004), whereas native NRG had no significant effect (49.4±3.7% versus 50.9±2.6%, P=0.813). CONCLUSIONS NN is a cardioprotective agent that promotes cardiomyocyte survival and improves cardiac function in DOXO-induced cardiotoxicity. Given the reduced proneoplastic potential of NN versus NRG, NN has translational potential for cardioprotection in patients with cancer receiving anthracyclines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven M Jay
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Tsuji W, Ishiguro H, Tanaka S, Takeuchi M, Ueno T, Toi M. Orally administered S-1 suppresses circulating endothelial cell counts in metastatic breast cancer patients. Int J Clin Oncol 2013; 19:452-9. [PMID: 23739924 DOI: 10.1007/s10147-013-0570-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND S-1 is an oral cytotoxic preparation that contains tegafur. Gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) is a metabolite of tegafur that is known to suppress vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-mediated angiogenic activity. The aim of this study was to determine the change in circulating endothelial cell (CEC) counts, GBL levels, and angiogenesis-related factors during S-1 administration in metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients. METHODS Patients with HER2-negative MBC were eligible. S-1 was administered orally twice daily in a 4 week on/2 week off cycle until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity occurred. Blood was collected on the following: days 1, 43, 85 (before each cycle of S-1 administration), days 15, 57 (1 h after S-1 administration), and day 29. The CellSearch(®) system was used to count the CECs. The gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric method was used to measure plasma GBL and 5-FU levels. Levels of VEGF were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS A total of 18 patients were enrolled. The plasma GBL levels on days 15 and 57 were 41.3 ± 15.8 and 41.0 ± 11.2 ng/mL, respectively. The CEC levels decreased on day 15, and significantly low levels were maintained until day 85 (P = 0.002 vs day 1). The plasma VEGF levels significantly decreased on day 15 (P = 0.012 vs day 1) and had a tendency to decrease until day 57. CONCLUSIONS This exploratory study showed that GBL levels increased, VEGF levels decreased, and CEC levels were suppressed during S-1 administration. S-1 appears to have anti-angiogenic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wakako Tsuji
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan,
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Okines A, Thompson L, Cunningham D, Wotherspoon A, Reis-Filho J, Langley R, Waddell T, Noor D, Eltahir Z, Wong R, Stenning S. Effect of HER2 on prognosis and benefit from peri-operative chemotherapy in early oesophago-gastric adenocarcinoma in the MAGIC trial. Ann Oncol 2013; 24:1253-61. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mds622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Munro AF, Bartels A, Balslev E, Twelves CJ, Cameron DA, Brünner N, Bartlett JMS. Is TIMP-1 immunoreactivity alone or in combination with other markers a predictor of benefit from anthracyclines in the BR9601 adjuvant breast cancer chemotherapy trial? Breast Cancer Res 2013; 15:R31. [PMID: 23570501 PMCID: PMC3672718 DOI: 10.1186/bcr3411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2012] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Predictive cancer biomarkers to guide the right treatment to the right patient at the right time are strongly needed. The purpose of the present study was to validate prior results that tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1) alone or in combination with either HER2 or TOP2A copy number can be used to predict benefit from epirubicin (E) containing chemotherapy compared with cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and fluorouracil (CMF) treatment. Methods For the purpose of this study, formalin fixed paraffin embedded tumor tissue from women recruited into the BR9601 clinical trial, which randomized patients to E-CMF versus CMF, were analyzed for TIMP-1 immunoreactivity. Using previously collected data for HER2 amplification and TOP2A gene aberrations, we defined patients as "anthracycline non-responsive", that is, 2T (TIMP-1 immunoreactive and TOP2A normal) and HT (TIMP-1 immunoreactive and HER2 negative) and anthracycline responsive (all other cases). Results In total, 288 tumors were available for TIMP-1 analysis with (183/274) 66.8%, and (181/274) 66.0% being classed as 2T and HT responsive, respectively. TIMP-1 was neither associated with patient prognosis (relapse free survival or overall survival) nor with a differential effect of E-CMF and CMF. Also, TIMP-1 did not add to the predictive value of HER2, TOP2A gene aberrations, or to Ki67 immunoreactivity. Conclusion This study could not confirm the predictive value of TIMP-1 immunoreactivity in patients randomized to receive E-CMF versus CMF as adjuvant treatment for primary breast cancer.
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Fountzilas G, Dafni U, Bobos M, Kotoula V, Batistatou A, Xanthakis I, Papadimitriou C, Kostopoulos I, Koletsa T, Tsolaki E, Televantou D, Timotheadou E, Koutras A, Klouvas G, Samantas E, Pisanidis N, Karanikiotis C, Sfakianaki I, Pavlidis N, Gogas H, Linardou H, Kalogeras KT, Pectasides D, Dimopoulos MA. Evaluation of the prognostic role of centromere 17 gain and HER2/topoisomerase II alpha gene status and protein expression in patients with breast cancer treated with anthracycline-containing adjuvant chemotherapy: pooled analysis of two Hellenic Cooperative Oncology Group (HeCOG) phase III trials. BMC Cancer 2013; 13:163. [PMID: 23537287 PMCID: PMC3621498 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-13-163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The HER2 gene has been established as a valid biological marker for the treatment of breast cancer patients with trastuzumab and probably other agents, such as paclitaxel and anthracyclines. The TOP2A gene has been associated with response to anthracyclines. Limited information exists on the relationship of HER2/TOP2A gene status in the presence of centromere 17 (CEP17) gain with outcome of patients treated with anthracycline-containing adjuvant chemotherapy. METHODS Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor tissue samples from 1031 patients with high-risk operable breast cancer, enrolled in two consecutive phase III trials, were assessed in a central laboratory by fluorescence in situ hybridization for HER2/TOP2A gene amplification and CEP17 gain (CEP17 probe). Amplification of HER2 and TOP2A were defined as a gene/CEP17 ratio of >2.2 and ≥2.0, respectively, or gene copy number higher than 6. Additionally, HER2, TopoIIa, ER/PgR and Ki67 protein expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and patients were classified according to their IHC phenotype. Treatment consisted of epirubicin-based adjuvant chemotherapy followed by hormonal therapy and radiation, as indicated. RESULTS HER2 amplification was found in 23.7% of the patients and TOP2A amplification in 10.1%. In total, 41.8% of HER2-amplified tumors demonstrated TOP2A co-amplification. The median (range) of HER2, TOP2A and CEP17 gain was 2.55 (0.70-45.15), 2.20 (0.70-26.15) and 2.00 (0.70-26.55), respectively. Forty percent of the tumors had CEP17 gain (51% of those with HER2 amplification). Adjusting for treatment groups in the Cox model, HER2 amplification, TOP2A amplification, CEP17 gain and HER2/TOP2A co-amplification were not associated with time to relapse or time to death. CONCLUSION HER2 amplification, TOP2A amplification, CEP17 gain and HER2/TOP2A co-amplification were not associated with outcome in high-risk breast cancer patients treated with anthracycline-based adjuvant chemotherapy. TRIAL REGISTRATION Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR) ACTRN12611000506998 and ACTRN12609001036202.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Fountzilas
- Department of Medical Oncology, Papageorgiou Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki School of Medicine, Thessaloniki, Greece.
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Lao J, Madani J, Puértolas T, Álvarez M, Hernández A, Pazo-Cid R, Artal Á, Antón Torres A. Liposomal Doxorubicin in the treatment of breast cancer patients: a review. JOURNAL OF DRUG DELIVERY 2013; 2013:456409. [PMID: 23634302 PMCID: PMC3619536 DOI: 10.1155/2013/456409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2012] [Accepted: 02/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Drug delivery systems can provide enhanced efficacy and/or reduced toxicity for anticancer agents. Liposome drug delivery systems are able to modify the pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of cytostatic agents, increasing the concentration of the drug released to neoplastic tissue and reducing the exposure of normal tissue. Anthracyclines are a key drug in the treatment of both metastatic and early breast cancer, but one of their major limitations is cardiotoxicity. One of the strategies designed to minimize this side effect is liposome encapsulation. Liposomal anthracyclines have achieved highly efficient drug encapsulation and they have proven to be effective and with reduced cardiotoxicity, as a single agent or in combination with other drugs for the treatment of either anthracyclines-treated or naïve metastatic breast cancer patients. Of particular interest is the use of the combination of liposomal anthracyclines and trastuzumab in patients with HER2-overexpressing breast cancer. In this paper, we discuss the different studies on liposomal doxorubicin in metastatic and early breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Lao
- Medical Oncology Department, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Paseo Isabel la Católica, 1-3, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Aragón Institute of Health Sciences, Avda. San Juan Bosco, 13, planta 1, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Julia Madani
- Medical Oncology Department, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Paseo Isabel la Católica, 1-3, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Aragón Institute of Health Sciences, Avda. San Juan Bosco, 13, planta 1, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Teresa Puértolas
- Medical Oncology Department, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Paseo Isabel la Católica, 1-3, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Aragón Institute of Health Sciences, Avda. San Juan Bosco, 13, planta 1, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María Álvarez
- Medical Oncology Department, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Paseo Isabel la Católica, 1-3, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Alba Hernández
- Medical Oncology Department, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Paseo Isabel la Católica, 1-3, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Roberto Pazo-Cid
- Medical Oncology Department, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Paseo Isabel la Católica, 1-3, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Aragón Institute of Health Sciences, Avda. San Juan Bosco, 13, planta 1, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ángel Artal
- Medical Oncology Department, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Paseo Isabel la Católica, 1-3, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Aragón Institute of Health Sciences, Avda. San Juan Bosco, 13, planta 1, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Antonio Antón Torres
- Medical Oncology Department, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Paseo Isabel la Católica, 1-3, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Aragón Institute of Health Sciences, Avda. San Juan Bosco, 13, planta 1, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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Simon R. Designs and adaptive analysis plans for pivotal clinical trials of therapeutics and companion diagnostics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 2:721-9. [PMID: 23495781 DOI: 10.1517/17530059.2.6.721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Developments in genomics and biotechnology provide unprecedented opportunities for the development of effective therapeutics and companion diagnostics for matching the right drug to the right patient. Effective co-development involves many new challenges with increased opportunity for success as well as delay and failure. OBJECTIVE Clinical trial designs and adaptive analysis plans for the prospective design of pivotal trials of new therapeutics and companion diagnostics are reviewed. CONCLUSIONS Effective co-development requires careful prospective planning of the design and analysis strategy for pivotal clinical trials. Randomized clinical trials continue to be important for evaluating the effectiveness of new treatments, but the target populations for analysis should be prospectively specified based on the companion diagnostic. Post hoc analyses of traditionally designed randomized clinical trials are often deeply problematic. Clear separation is generally required of the data used for developing the diagnostic test, including their threshold of positivity, from the data used for evaluating treatment effectiveness in subsets determined by the test. Adaptive analysis can be used to provide flexibility to the analysis but the use of such methods requires careful planning and prospective definition in order to assure that the pivotal trial adequately limits the chance of erroneous conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Simon
- Chief National Cancer Institute, Biometric Research Branch, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892-7434, USA +1 301 496 0975 ; +1 301 402 0560 ;
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Chen S, Huang L, Liu Y, Chen CM, Wu J, Shao ZM. The predictive and prognostic significance of pre- and post-treatment topoisomerase IIα in anthracycline-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy for local advanced breast cancer. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY 2013; 39:619-26. [PMID: 23473851 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2013.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Revised: 01/15/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the predictive and prognostic value of topoisomerase IIα (Topo IIα, Topo II) expression in the primary tumors and residual tumors of local advanced breast cancer (LABC) patients being treated with anthracycline-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT). METHODS The data from 283 LABC patients who had been treated with anthracycline-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy were collected. The expression of Topo IIα, HER-2 and other biomarkers was determined via immunohistochemical analysis in pre- and post-chemotherapy specimens. The status of pre-treatment biomarkers was correlated with the clinical response determined by the RECIST 1.1 criteria, whereas the post-treatment biomarkers were studied for prognostic value using the Cox model. RESULTS By analyzing the complete data from 99 patients, the co-expression of HER-2/Topo IIα was found to be significantly correlated with the clinical response to chemotherapy (Logistic regression P = 0.042). Notably, a 20% alteration in the Topo IIα status during neoadjuvant chemotherapy was found, which could also influence the sensitivity to treatment. With a survival analysis performed in 245 patients with residual tumors after NCT, node metastasis, HER-2 and Ki-67 were independent predictors of patient outcome. However, post-treatment Topo IIα expression demonstrated significant prognostic value in HER-2+ patients (P = 0.002). A relatively lower disease-free survival and overall survival was observed in HER-2+/Topo- patients (log rank P = 0.010 for DFS and P < 0.001 for OS). CONCLUSION Topo IIα, together with HER-2, might help to select for patients who could benefit from anthracycline-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy and identify non-complete responders at a higher risk of disease recurrence or death.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center/Cancer Institute, Shanghai, PR China
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