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Tomiyama N, Ikeda R, Nishizawa Y, Masuda S, Tajitsu Y, Takeda Y. S100A16 up-regulates Oct4 and Nanog expression in cancer stem-like cells of Yumoto human cervical carcinoma cells. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:9929-9933. [PMID: 29928366 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem-like cells (CSCs), which possess the ability to self-renewal and are multipotent, are regarded as the cause of tumor formation, recurrence, metastasis and drug resistance. It is necessary to understand the properties of CSCs in order to treat them effectively. It has been previously reported that S100 family proteins, which carry calcium-binding EF-hand motifs and are associated with tumorigenic processes, serve crucial roles in maintaining cancer stem-like properties. S100A16 is upregulated in various types of cancer, including bladder, lung and pancreatic. However, the roles of S100A16 in cancer cells, particularly CSCs, are not clear. The present study investigated the roles of S100A16 in CSCs using the sphere formation assay of Yumoto cells, which are a human cervical carcinoma cell line. The mRNA expression levels were evaluated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and the protein expression levels were detected by western blot analysis. Following the sphere formation of Yumoto cells, the mRNA and protein expression level of Oct4, Nanog and S100A16 were increased compared with the control cells. Following transfection with S100A16 small interfering RNA (siRNA), the mRNA and protein expression of Oct4 and Nanog were decreased and the spheroid size was significantly decreased in the sphere formation of Yumoto cells compared with control siRNA treated cells. There was no change in the p53 mRNA expression level, whereas the p53 protein expression level, which was decreased by the sphere formation, was recovered by S100A16 knockdown. In addition, the protein expression levels of Oct4 and Nanog, which were increased in the sphere formation, were decreased by the proteasome inhibitor lactacystin. No differences were observed in the S100A16 protein expression between the presence or absence of lactacystin. These results suggest that S100A16 serves an important role in the CSCs of human cervical carcinoma and is a positive regulator of Oct4 and Nanog.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nariaki Tomiyama
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan.,Department of Pharmacy, Izumi General Medical Center, Izumi-shi, Kagoshima 899-0131, Japan
| | - Ryuji Ikeda
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Yukihiko Nishizawa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Shogo Masuda
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Yusuke Tajitsu
- Department of Pharmacy, Izumi General Medical Center, Izumi-shi, Kagoshima 899-0131, Japan
| | - Yasuo Takeda
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
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52
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Abstract
The ribosome has long been considered as a consistent molecular factory, with a rather passive role in the translation process. Recent findings have shifted this obsolete view, revealing a remarkably complex and multifaceted machinery whose role is to orchestrate spatiotemporal control of gene expression. Ribosome specialization discovery has raised the interesting possibility of the existence of its malignant counterpart, an 'oncogenic' ribosome, which may promote tumor progression. Here we weigh the arguments supporting the existence of an 'oncogenic' ribosome and evaluate its role in cancer evolution. In particular, we provide an analysis and perspective on how the ribosome may play a critical role in the acquisition and maintenance of cancer stem cell phenotype.
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53
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Colacino JA, Azizi E, Brooks MD, Harouaka R, Fouladdel S, McDermott SP, Lee M, Hill D, Madden J, Boerner J, Cote ML, Sartor MA, Rozek LS, Wicha MS. Heterogeneity of Human Breast Stem and Progenitor Cells as Revealed by Transcriptional Profiling. Stem Cell Reports 2018; 10:1596-1609. [PMID: 29606612 PMCID: PMC5995162 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
During development, the mammary gland undergoes extensive remodeling driven by stem cells. Breast cancers are also hierarchically organized and driven by cancer stem cells characterized by CD44+CD24low/− or aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) expression. These markers identify mesenchymal and epithelial populations both capable of tumor initiation. Less is known about these populations in non-cancerous mammary glands. From RNA sequencing, ALDH+ and ALDH−CD44+CD24− human mammary cells have epithelial-like and mesenchymal-like characteristics, respectively, with some co-expressing ALDH+ and CD44+CD24− by flow cytometry. At the single-cell level, these cells have the greatest mammosphere-forming capacity and express high levels of stemness and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition-associated genes including ID1, SOX2, TWIST1, and ZEB2. We further identify single ALDH+ cells with a hybrid epithelial/mesenchymal phenotype that express genes associated with aggressive triple-negative breast cancers. These results highlight single-cell analyses to characterize tissue heterogeneity, even in marker-enriched populations, and identify genes and pathways that define this heterogeneity. Isolation and RNA-seq of ALDH+ and CD44+CD24− breast cells Unlike in cancer, there is substantial overlap in ALDH+ and CD44+CD24− populations Single-cell analysis of ALDH+ cells identifies unexpected subpopulation structure Hybrid epithelial/mesenchymal ALDH+ cells have a cancer-like expression signature
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin A Colacino
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Ebrahim Azizi
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Michael D Brooks
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ramdane Harouaka
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Shamileh Fouladdel
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sean P McDermott
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Michael Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - David Hill
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Julie Madden
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Julie Boerner
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Michele L Cote
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA; Population Sciences and Health Disparities Program, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Maureen A Sartor
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Laura S Rozek
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Max S Wicha
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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54
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Mangoni M, Livi L, Biti G, Di Cataldo V, Capaccioli N, Castier Y, Loriot Y, Mordant P, Deutsch E. Stem Cell Tracking: Toward Clinical Application in Oncology? TUMORI JOURNAL 2018; 98:535-42. [DOI: 10.1177/030089161209800501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Noninvasive cellular imaging allows the tracking of grafted cells as well as the monitoring of their migration, suggesting potential applications to track both cancer and therapeutic stem cells. Cell tracking can be performed by two approaches: direct labeling (cells are labeled with tags) and indirect labeling (cells are transfected with a reporter gene and visualized after administration of a reporter probe). Techniques for in vivo detection of grafted cells include optic imaging, nuclear medicine imaging, magnetic resonance imaging, microCT imaging and ultrasound imaging. The ideal imaging modality would bring together high sensitivity, high resolution and low toxicity. All of the available imaging methods are based on different principles, have different properties and different limitations, so several of them can be considered complementary. Transfer of these preclinical cellular imaging modalities to stem cells has already been reported, and transfer to clinical practice within the next years can be reasonably considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Mangoni
- UPRES EA 2710, Gustave Roussy
Institute, Villejuif, France
- Clinical Physiopathology Department,
Radiotherapy Unit, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Livi
- Clinical Physiopathology Department,
Radiotherapy Unit, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giampaolo Biti
- Clinical Physiopathology Department,
Radiotherapy Unit, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Vanessa Di Cataldo
- Clinical Physiopathology Department,
Radiotherapy Unit, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Neri Capaccioli
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and
Forensic Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Radiology Unit, Val di Sieve Clinic,
Florence, Italy
| | - Yves Castier
- Department of General Thoracic and
Vascular Surgery, Bichat Hospital, Paris Diderot University, Paris, France
| | - Yohann Loriot
- UPRES EA 2710, Gustave Roussy
Institute, Villejuif, France
- Department of General Thoracic and
Vascular Surgery, Bichat Hospital, Paris Diderot University, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Mordant
- UPRES EA 2710, Gustave Roussy
Institute, Villejuif, France
- Department of Medicine, Gustave Roussy
Institute, Villejuif, France
| | - Eric Deutsch
- UPRES EA 2710, Gustave Roussy
Institute, Villejuif, France
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55
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Konno M, Matsui H, Koseki J, Asai A, Kano Y, Kawamoto K, Nishida N, Sakai D, Kudo T, Satoh T, Doki Y, Mori M, Ishii H. Computational trans-omics approach characterised methylomic and transcriptomic involvements and identified novel therapeutic targets for chemoresistance in gastrointestinal cancer stem cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:899. [PMID: 29343747 PMCID: PMC5772492 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19284-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the relationship between methylomic [5-methylation on deoxycytosine to form 5-methylcytosine (5mC)] and transcriptomic information in response to chemotherapeutic 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) exposure and cisplatin (CDDP) administration using the ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) degron-positive cancer stem cell model of gastrointestinal tumour. The quantification of 5mC methylation revealed various alterations in the size distribution and intensity of genomic loci for each patient. To summarise these alterations, we transformed all large volume data into a smooth function and treated the area as a representative value of 5mC methylation. The present computational approach made the methylomic data more accessible to each transcriptional unit and allowed to identify candidate genes, including the tumour necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 4 (TRAF4), as novel therapeutic targets with a strong response to anti-tumour agents, such as 5-FU and CDDP, and whose significance has been confirmed in a mouse model in vivo. The present study showed that 5mC methylation levels are inversely correlated with gene expression in a chemotherapy-resistant stem cell model of gastrointestinal cancer. This mathematical method can be used to simultaneously quantify and identify chemoresistant potential targets in gastrointestinal cancer stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masamitsu Konno
- Department of Frontier Science for Cancer and Chemotherapy, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Department of Medical Data Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Matsui
- Faculty of Data Science, Shiga University, Shiga, 522-8522, Japan
| | - Jun Koseki
- Department of Medical Data Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ayumu Asai
- Department of Frontier Science for Cancer and Chemotherapy, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Department of Medical Data Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kano
- Department of Frontier Science for Cancer and Chemotherapy, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Koichi Kawamoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Naohiro Nishida
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Daisuke Sakai
- Department of Frontier Science for Cancer and Chemotherapy, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Kudo
- Department of Frontier Science for Cancer and Chemotherapy, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Taroh Satoh
- Department of Frontier Science for Cancer and Chemotherapy, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Doki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Masaki Mori
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Hideshi Ishii
- Department of Frontier Science for Cancer and Chemotherapy, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan. .,Department of Medical Data Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
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56
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Cheng CC, Chou KF, Wu CW, Su NW, Peng CL, Su YW, Chang J, Ho AS, Lin HC, Chen CGS, Yang BL, Chang YC, Chiang YW, Lim KH, Chang YF. EGFR-mediated interleukin enhancer-binding factor 3 contributes to formation and survival of cancer stem-like tumorspheres as a therapeutic target against EGFR-positive non-small cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer 2017; 116:80-89. [PMID: 29413056 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2017.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES YM155, an inhibitor of interleukin enhancer-binding factor 3 (ILF3), significantly suppresses cancer stemness property, implying that ILF3 contributes to cell survival of cancer stem cells. However, the molecular function of ILF3 inhibiting cancer stemness remains unclear. This study aimed to uncover the potential function of ILF3 involving in cell survival of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-positive lung stem-like cancer, and to investigate the potential role to improve the efficacy of anti-EGFR therapeutics. MATERIALS AND METHODS The association of EGFR and ILF3 in expression and regulations was first investigated in this study. Lung cancer A549 cells with deprivation of ILF3 were created by the gene-knockdown method and then RNAseq was applied to identify the putative genes regulated by ILF3. Meanwhile, HCC827- and A549-derived cancer stem-like cells were used to investigate the role of ILF3 in the formation of cancer stem-like tumorspheres. RESULTS We found that EGFR induced ILF3 expression, and YM155 reduced EGFR expression. The knockdown of ILF3 reduced not only EGFR expression in mRNA and protein levels, but also cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo, demonstrating that ILF3 may play an important role in contributing to cancer cell survival. Moreover, the knockdown and inhibition of ILF3 by shRNA and YM155, respectively, reduced the formation and survival of HCC827- and A549-derived tumorspheres through inhibiting ErbB3 (HER3) expression, and synergized the therapeutic efficacy of afatinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, against EGFR-positive A549 lung cells. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that ILF3 plays an oncogenic like role in maintaining the EGFR-mediated cellular pathway, and can be a therapeutic target to improve the therapeutic efficacy of afatinib. Our results suggested that YM155, an ILF3 inhibitor, has the potential for utilization in cancer therapy against EGFR-positive lung cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Chia Cheng
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Laboratory of Good Clinical Research Center, Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Tamsui District, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Kuei-Fang Chou
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Laboratory of Good Clinical Research Center, Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Tamsui District, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Wen Wu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Nai-Wen Su
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Laboratory of Good Clinical Research Center, Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Tamsui District, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Liang Peng
- Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Atomic Energy Council, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Wen Su
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Laboratory of Good Clinical Research Center, Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Tamsui District, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Jungshan Chang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ai-Sheng Ho
- Division of Gastroenterology, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Huan-Chau Lin
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Laboratory of Good Clinical Research Center, Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Tamsui District, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Caleb Gon-Shen Chen
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Laboratory of Good Clinical Research Center, Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Tamsui District, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Bi-Ling Yang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Cheng Chang
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Laboratory of Good Clinical Research Center, Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Tamsui District, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Wen Chiang
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Laboratory of Good Clinical Research Center, Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Tamsui District, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ken-Hong Lim
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Laboratory of Good Clinical Research Center, Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Tamsui District, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Fang Chang
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Laboratory of Good Clinical Research Center, Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Tamsui District, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
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57
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Banno A, Garcia DA, van Baarsel ED, Metz PJ, Fisch K, Widjaja CE, Kim SH, Lopez J, Chang AN, Geurink PP, Florea BI, Overkleeft HS, Ovaa H, Bui JD, Yang J, Chang JT. Downregulation of 26S proteasome catalytic activity promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Oncotarget 2017; 7:21527-41. [PMID: 26930717 PMCID: PMC5008303 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) endows carcinoma cells with phenotypic plasticity that can facilitate the formation of cancer stem cells (CSCs) and contribute to the metastatic cascade. While there is substantial support for the role of EMT in driving cancer cell dissemination, less is known about the intracellular molecular mechanisms that govern formation of CSCs via EMT. Here we show that β2 and β5 proteasome subunit activity is downregulated during EMT in immortalized human mammary epithelial cells. Moreover, selective proteasome inhibition enabled mammary epithelial cells to acquire certain morphologic and functional characteristics reminiscent of cancer stem cells, including CD44 expression, self-renewal, and tumor formation. Transcriptomic analyses suggested that proteasome-inhibited cells share gene expression signatures with cells that have undergone EMT, in part, through modulation of the TGF-β signaling pathway. These findings suggest that selective downregulation of proteasome activity in mammary epithelial cells can initiate the EMT program and acquisition of a cancer stem cell-like phenotype. As proteasome inhibitors become increasingly used in cancer treatment, our findings highlight a potential risk of these therapeutic strategies and suggest a possible mechanism by which carcinoma cells may escape from proteasome inhibitor-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asoka Banno
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Daniel A Garcia
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Eric D van Baarsel
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Patrick J Metz
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kathleen Fisch
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Stephanie H Kim
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Justine Lopez
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Aaron N Chang
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Paul P Geurink
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bogdan I Florea
- Division of Chemical Biology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hermen S Overkleeft
- Division of Chemical Biology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Huib Ovaa
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jack D Bui
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - John T Chang
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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58
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Fu Q, Huang T, Wang X, Lu C, Liu F, Yang G, Wang Y, Wang B. Association of elevated reactive oxygen species and hyperthermia induced radiosensitivity in cancer stem-like cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:101560-101571. [PMID: 29254186 PMCID: PMC5731896 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) are the principal causes of tumor radio-resistance, dormancy and recurrence after radiotherapy. Clinical trials show hyperthermia (HT) might be a potent radiation sensitizer. In this study, CSCs were found to be more susceptible to radiation when combined with HT treatment. Treated cells showed significantly reduced self-renewal, cell survival and proliferation in vitro, as well as significant reduced tumor formation in vivo. Further study demonstrated that the radiosensitization effect was associated with increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level in CSCs, confirmed by modifying redox status in CSCs bidirectionally. Pharmacologic depletion of glutathione by buthionine sulphoximine mimicked HT induced radiosensitivity in CSCs. Antioxidant N-acetylcysteine could efficiently rescue HT induced radiosensitivity in CSCs. To our knowledge, this may be the first report suggesting the association between elevated intracellular ROS level and HT induced radiosensitization in human breast CSCs and pancreatic CSCs, which might provide new strategy for improving CSCs radiosensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qibin Fu
- Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, P. R. China
| | - Tuchen Huang
- Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, P. R. China
| | - Xudong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Chunyang Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Gen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Yugang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Biao Wang
- Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, P. R. China
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59
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Park JW, Jung KH, Lee JH, Moon SH, Cho YS, Choe YS, Lee KH. Imaging Early Fate of Cancer Stem Cells in Mouse Hindlimbs with Sodium Iodide Symporter Gene and I-124 PET. Mol Imaging Biol 2017; 18:748-57. [PMID: 26914278 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-016-0941-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We investigated the capacity of sodium/iodide symporter (NIS) positron emission tomography (PET) to image and quantitate early engraftment and survival of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in living mice. PROCEDURES CT26 colon cancer cells and CSCs were infected with an adenovirus expressing both NIS and enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP). Cells were implanted into normal and ischemic hindlimbs of mice, and serial optical and I-124 PET imaging was performed. Extracted tissues underwent I-124 measurements and confocal microscopy. RESULTS NIS.EGFP gene transfer increased fluorescence and I-124 uptake of CSCs and CT26 cells without adverse effects. I-124 PET clearly visualized implanted tumor cells in vivo, whereas optical imaging was suboptimal. PET revealed 1.95, 2.22, and 1.93-fold greater I-124 uptake by CSC inoculation into ischemic compared to non-ischemic limbs at 2, 15, and 24 h, respectively. CT26 cells showed similar but smaller differences. PET findings were confirmed by ex vivo measurements and confocal microscopy. CONCLUSIONS NIS PET can help identify microenvironment conditions that influence early survival of implanted CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Won Park
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 06351, Korea.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06351, Korea
| | - Kyung-Ho Jung
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 06351, Korea.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06351, Korea
| | - Jin Hee Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 06351, Korea.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06351, Korea
| | - Seung Hwan Moon
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 06351, Korea
| | - Young Seok Cho
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 06351, Korea
| | - Yearn Seung Choe
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 06351, Korea.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06351, Korea
| | - Kyung-Han Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 06351, Korea. .,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06351, Korea.
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Radioresistance of the breast tumor is highly correlated to its level of cancer stem cell and its clinical implication for breast irradiation. Radiother Oncol 2017; 124:455-461. [PMID: 28923575 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2017.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Growing evidence suggested the coexistence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) within solid tumors. We aimed to study radiosensitivity parameters for the CSCs and differentiated tumor cells (TCs) and the correlation of the fractions of CSCs to the overall tumor radioresistance. MATERIAL AND METHODS Surviving fractions of breast cancer cell lines were analyzed using a dual-compartment Linear-quadratic model with independent fitting parameters: radiosensitive αTC, βTC, αCSC, βCSC, and fraction of CSCs f. The overall tumor radio-resistance, the biological effective doses and tumor control probability were estimated as a function of CSC fraction for different fractionation regimens. The pooled clinical outcome data were fitted to the single- and dual-compartment linear-quadric models. RESULTS CSCs were more radioresistant characterized by smaller α compared to TCs: αTC=0.1±0.2, αCSC=0.04±0.07 for MCF-7 (f=0.1%), αTC=0.08±0.25, αCSC=0.04±0.18 for SUM159PT (f=2.46%). Higher f values were correlated with increasing radioresistance in cell lines. Analysis of clinical outcome data is in accordance of a dual-compartment CSC model prediction. Higher percentage of BCSCs resulted in more overall tumor radioresistance and less biological effectiveness. CONCLUSIONS Percentage of CSCs strongly correlated to overall tumor radioresistance. This observation suggested potential individualized radiotherapy to account for heterogeneous population of CSCs and their distinct radiosensitivity for breast cancer.
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Ledur PF, Onzi GR, Zong H, Lenz G. Culture conditions defining glioblastoma cells behavior: what is the impact for novel discoveries? Oncotarget 2017; 8:69185-69197. [PMID: 28978189 PMCID: PMC5620329 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In cancer research, the use of established cell lines has gradually been replaced by primary cell cultures due to their better representation of in vivo cancer cell behaviors. However, a major challenge with primary culture involves the finding of growth conditions that minimize alterations in the biological state of the cells. To ensure reproducibility and translational potentials for research findings, culture conditions need to be chosen so that the cell population in culture best mimics tumor cells in vivo. Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most aggressive and heterogeneous tumor types and the GBM research field would certainly benefit from culture conditions that could maintain the original plethora of phenotype of the cells. Here, we review culture media and supplementation options for GBM cultures, the rationale behind their use, and how much those choices affect drug-screening outcomes. We provide an overview of 120 papers that use primary GBM cultures and discuss the current predominant conditions. We also show important primary research data indicating that “mis-cultured” glioma cells can acquire unnatural drug sensitivity, which would have devastating effects for clinical translations. Finally, we propose the concurrent test of four culture conditions to minimize the loss of cell coverage in culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pítia Flores Ledur
- Department of Biophysics and Center of Biotechnology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS-Brazil
| | - Giovana Ravizzoni Onzi
- Department of Biophysics and Center of Biotechnology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS-Brazil
| | - Hui Zong
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Guido Lenz
- Department of Biophysics and Center of Biotechnology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS-Brazil
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62
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Ben Younes K, Body S, Costé É, Viailly PJ, Miloudi H, Coudre C, Jardin F, Ben Aissa-Fennira F, Sola B. A lowered 26S proteasome activity correlates with mantle lymphoma cell lines resistance to genotoxic stress. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:538. [PMID: 28797244 PMCID: PMC5553741 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3530-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a B-cell hemopathy characterized by the t(11;14) translocation and the aberrant overexpression of cyclin D1. This results in an unrestrained cell proliferation. Other genetic alterations are common in MCL cells such as SOX11 expression, mutations of ATM and/or TP53 genes, activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway and NOTCH receptors. These alterations lead to the deregulation of the apoptotic machinery and resistance to drugs. We observed that among a panel of MCL cell lines, REC1 cells were resistant towards genotoxic stress. We studied the molecular basis of this resistance. Methods We analyzed the cell response regarding apoptosis, senescence, cell cycle arrest, DNA damage response and finally the 26S proteasome activity following a genotoxic treatment that causes double strand DNA breaks. Results MCL cell lines displayed various sensitivity/resistance towards genotoxic stress and, in particular, REC1 cells did not enter apoptosis or senescence after an etoposide treatment. Moreover, the G2/M cell cycle checkpoint was deficient in REC1 cells. We observed that three main actors of apoptosis, senescence and cell cycle regulation (cyclin D1, MCL1 and CDC25A) failed to be degraded by the proteasome machinery in REC1 cells. We ruled out a default of the βTrCP E3-ubiquitine ligase but detected a lowered 26S proteasome activity in REC1 cells compared to other cell lines. Conclusion The resistance of MCL cells to genotoxic stress correlates with a low 26S proteasome activity. This could represent a relevant biomarker for a subtype of MCL patients with a poor response to therapies and a high risk of relapse. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-017-3530-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaoula Ben Younes
- Normandie Univ, INSERM UMR 1245, UNIROUEN, UNICAEN, Caen, France.,Faculté de médecine, Laboratoire de Génétique, d'Immunologie et de Pathologie humaines, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Simon Body
- Normandie Univ, INSERM UMR 1245, UNIROUEN, UNICAEN, Caen, France
| | - Élodie Costé
- Normandie Univ, INSERM UMR 1245, UNIROUEN, UNICAEN, Caen, France
| | - Pierre-Julien Viailly
- Normandie Univ, INSERM UMR 1245, UNIROUEN, UNICAEN, Caen, France.,Département d'Hématologie Clinique, Centre de Lutte contre le Cancer Henri Becquerel, Rouen, France
| | - Hadjer Miloudi
- Normandie Univ, INSERM UMR 1245, UNIROUEN, UNICAEN, Caen, France
| | - Clémence Coudre
- Normandie Univ, INSERM UMR 1245, UNIROUEN, UNICAEN, Caen, France
| | - Fabrice Jardin
- Normandie Univ, INSERM UMR 1245, UNIROUEN, UNICAEN, Caen, France.,Département d'Hématologie Clinique, Centre de Lutte contre le Cancer Henri Becquerel, Rouen, France
| | - Fatma Ben Aissa-Fennira
- Faculté de médecine, Laboratoire de Génétique, d'Immunologie et de Pathologie humaines, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Brigitte Sola
- Normandie Univ, INSERM UMR 1245, UNIROUEN, UNICAEN, Caen, France. .,MICAH, UFR Santé, CHU Côte de Nacre, 14032, Caen Cedex, France.
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63
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YM155 as an inhibitor of cancer stemness simultaneously inhibits autophosphorylation of epidermal growth factor receptor and G9a-mediated stemness in lung cancer cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182149. [PMID: 28787001 PMCID: PMC5546577 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cell survival is the leading factor for tumor recurrence after tumor-suppressive treatments. Therefore, specific and efficient inhibitors of cancer stemness must be discovered for reducing tumor recurrence. YM155 has been indicated to significantly reduce stemness-derived tumorsphere formation. However, the pharmaceutical mechanism of YM155 against cancer stemness is unclear. This study investigated the potential mechanism of YM155 against cancer stemness in lung cancer. Tumorspheres derived from epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutant HCC827 and EGFR wild-type A549 cells expressing higher cancer stemness markers (CD133, Oct4, and Nanog) were used as cancer stemness models. We observed that EGFR autophosphorylation (Y1068) was higher in HCC827- and A549-derived tumorspheres than in parental cells; this autophosphorylation induced tumorsphere formation by activating G9a-mediated stemness. Notably, YM155 inhibited tumorsphere formation by blocking the autophosphorylation of EGFR and the EGFR-G9a-mediated stemness pathway. The chemical and genetic inhibition of EGFR and G9a revealed the significant role of the EGFR-G9a pathway in maintaining the cancer stemness property. In conclusion, this study not only revealed that EGFR could trigger tumorsphere formation by elevating G9a-mediated stemness but also demonstrated that YM155 could inhibit this formation by simultaneously blocking EGFR autophosphorylation and G9a activity, thus acting as a potent agent against lung cancer stemness.
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64
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Chen X, Liao R, Li D, Sun J. Induced cancer stem cells generated by radiochemotherapy and their therapeutic implications. Oncotarget 2017; 8:17301-17312. [PMID: 28038467 PMCID: PMC5370042 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Local and distant recurrence of malignant tumors following radio- and/or chemotherapy correlates with poor prognosis of patients. Among the reasons for cancer recurrence, preexisting cancer stem cells (CSCs) are considered the most likely cause due to their properties of self-renewal, pluripotency, plasticity and tumorigenicity. It has been demonstrated that preexisting cancer stem cells derive from normal stem cells and differentiated somatic cells that undergo transformation and dedifferentiation respectively under certain conditions. However, recent studies have revealed that cancer stem cells can also be induced from non-stem cancer cells by radiochemotherapy, constituting the subpopulation of induced cancer stem cells (iCSCs). These findings suggest that radiochemotherapy has the side effect of directly transforming non-stem cancer cells into induced cancer stem cells, possibly contributing to tumor recurrence and metastasis. Therefore, drugs targeting cancer stem cells or preventing dedifferentiation of non-stem cancer cells can be combined with radiochemotherapy to improve its antitumor efficacy. The current review is to investigate the mechanisms by which induced cancer stem cells are generated by radiochemotherapy and hence provide new strategies for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiewan Chen
- Medical English Department, College of Basic Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Cancer Institute of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Rongxia Liao
- Medical English Department, College of Basic Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dezhi Li
- Cancer Institute of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianguo Sun
- Cancer Institute of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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65
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Li N, Zhang W, Khan M, Lin L, Lin JM. MoS 2-LA-PEI nanocomposite carrier for real-time imaging of ATP metabolism in glioma stem cells co-cultured with endothelial cells on a microfluidic system. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 99:142-149. [PMID: 28750338 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2017.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive carriers have extensively attracted attention in recent years. However, long-term and real-time tracking ability with stimuli-responsive carrier is still in its infant stage due to the limitations such as, low efficacy, instability and cytotoxicity in a bio-environment. In this work, we developed a reduction-sensitive carrier composed of lipoic acid-modified low molecular weight polyethyleneimine (LA-PEI) and large surface ratio MoS2 nanosheet integrated via disulfide bond to mimic a high molecular weight PEI. The positively charged carriers loading negatively charged aptamer enter the cells for a real time long-term tracking of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) metabolism in glioma stem cells (GSCs) when stimulated by TGFβ factor secreted from HUVECs. We envision that MoS2-LA-PEI carrier has a promising potential for delivery and monitoring the changes in live cells with low cytotoxicity and high efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Weifei Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Mashooq Khan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Ling Lin
- The National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST) of China, No.11 ZhongGuanCun, 100190 Beijing, PR China.
| | - Jin-Ming Lin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China.
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66
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Chen SM, Wang BY, Lee CH, Lee HT, Li JJ, Hong GC, Hung YC, Chien PJ, Chang CY, Hsu LS, Chang WW. Hinokitiol up-regulates miR-494-3p to suppress BMI1 expression and inhibits self-renewal of breast cancer stem/progenitor cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:76057-76068. [PMID: 29100291 PMCID: PMC5652685 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hinokitiol (β-thujaplicin) is a tropolone-related compound that has anti-microbe, anti-inflammation, and anti-tumor effects. Cancer stem/progenitor cells (CSCs) are a subpopulation of cancer cells with tumor initiation, chemoresistant, and metastatic properties and have been considered the important therapeutic target in future cancer therapy. Previous studies reported that hinokitiol exhibits an anti-cancer activity against murine tumor cells through the induction of autophagy. The current research revealed that hinokitiol suppressed the self-renewal capabilities of human breast CSCs (BCSCs) and inhibited the expression of BMI1 at protein level without suppressing its mRNA. Treatment of hinokitiol in mammospheres induced the expression of miR-494-3p and inhibition of miR-494-3p expression in BCSCs. This treatment abolished the suppressive effects of hinokitiol in mammosphere formation and BMI1 expression. BMI1 is a target of miR-494-3p by luciferase-based 3′UTR reporter assay. Overexpression of miR-494-3p in BCSCs caused the down-regulation of BMI1 protein, inhibition of mammosphere forming capability, and suppression of their tumorigenicity. Moreover, miR-494-3p expression was significantly and inversely correlated with patient survival in two independent public database sets. Furthermore, treatment of hinokitiol in vivo suppressed the growth of xenograft human breast tumors as well as the expression of BMI1 and ALDH1A1 in xenograft tumors. In conclusion, these data suggest that hinokitiol targets BCSCs through the miR-494-3p-mediated down-modulation of BMI1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Ming Chen
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Bing-Yen Wang
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua City, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Institute of Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Che-Hsin Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Te Lee
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Jung Li
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Ci Hong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chieh Hung
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Peng-Ju Chien
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Che-Ying Chang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Li-Sung Hsu
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Wei Chang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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67
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Reid PA, Wilson P, Li Y, Marcu LG, Bezak E. Current understanding of cancer stem cells: Review of their radiobiology and role in head and neck cancers. Head Neck 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/hed.24848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Ambrose Reid
- International Centre for Allied Health Evidence and Sansom Institute for Health Research; University of South Australia; Adelaide Australia
| | - Puthenparampil Wilson
- School of Engineering; University of South Australia; Adelaide Australia
- Department of Medical Physics; Royal Adelaide Hospital; Adelaide Australia
| | - Yanrui Li
- International Centre for Allied Health Evidence and Sansom Institute for Health Research; University of South Australia; Adelaide Australia
| | - Loredana Gabriela Marcu
- School of Physical Sciences; University of Adelaide; Adelaide Australia
- Faculty of Science; University of Oradea; Oradea Romania
| | - Eva Bezak
- International Centre for Allied Health Evidence and Sansom Institute for Health Research; University of South Australia; Adelaide Australia
- School of Physical Sciences; University of Adelaide; Adelaide Australia
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68
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Peitzsch C, Tyutyunnykova A, Pantel K, Dubrovska A. Cancer stem cells: The root of tumor recurrence and metastases. Semin Cancer Biol 2017; 44:10-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 02/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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69
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Amey CL, Karnoub AE. Targeting Cancer Stem Cells-A Renewed Therapeutic Paradigm. ONCOLOGY & HEMATOLOGY REVIEW 2017; 13:45-55. [PMID: 33959299 PMCID: PMC8098671 DOI: 10.17925/ohr.2017.13.01.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis is often accompanied by radio- and chemotherapeutic resistance to anticancer treatments and is the major cause of death in cancer patients. Better understanding of how cancer cells circumvent therapeutic insults and how disseminated cancer clones generate life-threatening metastases would therefore be paramount to the development of effective therapeutic approaches for clinical management of malignant disease. Mounting reports over the past two decades have provided evidence for the existence of a minor population of highly malignant cells within liquid and solid tumors, which are capable of self-renewing and of regenerating secondary growths with the heterogeneity of the primary tumors from which they derive. These cells, called tumor-initiating cells or cancer stem cells (CSCs) exhibit increased resistance to standard radio- and chemotherapies and appear to have mechanisms that enable them to evade immune surveillance. CSCs are therefore considered to be responsible for systemic residual disease after cancer therapy, as well as for disease relapse. How CSCs develop, the nature of the interactions they establish with their microenvironment, their phenotypic and functional characteristics, as well as their molecular dependencies have all taken center stage in cancer therapy. Indeed, improved understanding of CSC biology is critical to the development of important CSC-based anti-neoplastic approaches that have the potential to radically improve cancer management. Here, we summarize some of the most pertinent elements regarding CSC development and properties, and highlight some of the clinical modalities in current development as anti-CSC therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antoine E Karnoub
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, US; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, US; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, US
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70
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Imaging to study solid tumour origin and progression: lessons from research and clinical oncology. Immunol Cell Biol 2017; 95:531-537. [DOI: 10.1038/icb.2017.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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71
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Bailleul-Dubois J, Bidan N, Le Bourhis X, Lagadec C. Effet de la radiothérapie sur les cellules souches cancéreuses de cancer du sein : résistance, reprogrammation et traitements. ONCOLOGIE 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10269-017-2699-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
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72
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Voutsadakis IA. Proteasome expression and activity in cancer and cancer stem cells. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:101042831769224. [DOI: 10.1177/1010428317692248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteasome is a multi-protein organelle that participates in cellular proteostasis by destroying damaged or short-lived proteins in an organized manner guided by the ubiquitination signal. By being in a central place in the cellular protein complement homeostasis, proteasome is involved in virtually all cell processes including decisions on cell survival or death, cell cycle, and differentiation. These processes are important also in cancer, and thus, the proteasome is an important regulator of carcinogenesis. Cancers include a variety of cells which, according to the cancer stem cell theory, descend from a small percentage of cancer stem cells, alternatively termed tumor-initiating cells. These cells constitute the subsets that have the ability to propagate the whole variety of cancer and repopulate tumors after cytostatic therapies. Proteasome plays a role in cellular processes in cancer stem cells, but it has been found to have a decreased function in them compared to the rest of cancer cells. This article will discuss the transcriptional regulation of proteasome sub-unit proteins in cancer and in particular cancer stem cells and the relationship of the proteasome with the pluripotency that is the defining characteristic of stem cells. Therapeutic opportunities that present from the understanding of the proteasome role will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis A Voutsadakis
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Sault Area Hospital, Sault Ste. Marie, ON, Canada
- Division of Clinical Sciences, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury, ON, Canada
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73
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Yang F, Xu J, Tang L, Guan X. Breast cancer stem cell: the roles and therapeutic implications. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:951-966. [PMID: 27530548 PMCID: PMC11107600 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2334-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancers have been increasingly recognized as malignancies displaying frequent inter- and intra-tumor heterogeneity. This heterogeneity is represented by diverse subtypes and complexity within tumors, and impinges on response to therapy, metastasis, and prognosis. Cancer stem cells (CSCs), a subpopulation of cancer cells endowed with self-renewal and differentiation capacity, have been suggested to contribute to tumor heterogeneity. The CSC concept posits a hierarchical organization of tumors, at the apex of which are stem cells that drive tumor initiation, progression, and recurrence. In breast cancer, CSCs have been proposed to contribute to malignant progression, suggesting that targeting breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) may improve treatment efficacy. Currently, several markers have been reported to identify BCSCs. However, there is objective variability with respect to the frequency and phenotype of BCSCs among different breast cancer cell lines and patients, and the regulatory mechanisms of BCSCs remain unclear. In this review, we summarize current literature about the diversity of BCSC markers, the roles of BCSCs in tumor development, and the regulatory mechanisms of BCSCs. We also highlight the most recent advances in BCSC targeting therapies and the challenges in translating the knowledge into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Lin Tang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Guan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, China.
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74
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Ludwig K, Kornblum HI. Molecular markers in glioma. J Neurooncol 2017; 134:505-512. [PMID: 28233083 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-017-2379-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Gliomas are the most malignant and aggressive form of brain tumors, and account for the majority of brain cancer related deaths. Malignant gliomas, including glioblastoma are treated with radiation and temozolomide, with only a minor benefit in survival time. A number of advances have been made in understanding glioma biology, including the discovery of cancer stem cells, termed glioma stem cells (GSC). Some of these advances include the delineation of molecular heterogeneity both between tumors from different patients as well as within tumors from the same patient. Such research highlights the importance of identifying and validating molecular markers in glioma. This review, intended as a practical resource for both clinical and basic investigators, summarizes some of the more well-known molecular markers (MGMT, 1p/19q, IDH, EGFR, p53, PI3K, Rb, and RAF), discusses how they are identified, and what, if any, clinical relevance they may have, in addition to discussing some of the specific biology for these markers. Additionally, we discuss identification methods for studying putative GSC's (CD133, CD15, A2B5, nestin, ALDH1, proteasome activity, ABC transporters, and label-retention). While much research has been done on these markers, there is still a significant amount that we do not yet understand, which may account for some conflicting reports in the literature. Furthermore, it is unlikely that the investigator will be able to utilize one single marker to prospectively identify and isolate GSC from all, or possibly, any gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Ludwig
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Research, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Harley I Kornblum
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA. .,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Research, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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Dong BW, Qin GM, Luo Y, Mao JS. Metabolic enzymes: key modulators of functionality in cancer stem-like cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:14251-14267. [PMID: 28009990 PMCID: PMC5355174 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer Stem-like Cells (CSCs) are a subpopulation of cancer cells with self-renewal capacity and are important for the initiation, progression and recurrence of cancer diseases. The metabolic profile of CSCs is consistent with their stem-like properties. Studies have indicated that enzymes, the main regulators of cellular metabolism, dictate functionalities of CSCs in both catalysis-dependent and catalysis-independent manners. This paper reviews diverse studies of metabolic enzymes, and describes the effects of these enzymes on metabolic adaptation, gene transcription and signal transduction, in CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Wen Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guang-Ming Qin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Luo
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Shan Mao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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76
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Oei AL, Vriend LEM, Krawczyk PM, Horsman MR, Franken NAP, Crezee J. Targeting therapy-resistant cancer stem cells by hyperthermia. Int J Hyperthermia 2017; 33:419-427. [PMID: 28100096 DOI: 10.1080/02656736.2017.1279757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Eradication of all malignant cells is the ultimate but challenging goal of anti-cancer treatment; most traditional clinically-available approaches fail because there are cells in a tumour that either escape therapy or become therapy-resistant. A subpopulation of cancer cells, the cancer stem cells (CSCs), is considered to be of particular significance for tumour initiation, progression and metastasis. CSCs are considered in particular to be therapy-resistant and may drive disease recurrence, which positions CSCs in the focus of anti-cancer research, but successful CSC-targeting therapies are limited. Here, we argue that hyperthermia - a therapeutic approach based on local heating of a tumour - is potentially beneficial for targeting CSCs in solid tumours. First, hyperthermia has been described to target cells in hypoxic and nutrient-deprived tumour areas where CSCs reside and ionising radiation and chemotherapy are least effective. Second, hyperthermia can modify factors that are essential for tumour survival and growth, such as the microenvironment, immune responses, vascularisation and oxygen supply. Third, hyperthermia targets multiple DNA repair pathways, which are generally upregulated in CSCs and protect them from DNA-damaging agents. Addition of hyperthermia to the therapeutic armamentarium of oncologists may thus be a promising strategy to eliminate therapy-escaping and -resistant CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Oei
- a Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR) , Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine , Amsterdam , The Netherlands.,b Department of Radiotherapy , Academic Medical Center (AMC) and Cancer Center Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - L E M Vriend
- c Department of Cell Biology and Histology , Academic Medical Center (AMC) and Cancer Center Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - P M Krawczyk
- c Department of Cell Biology and Histology , Academic Medical Center (AMC) and Cancer Center Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - M R Horsman
- d Department for Experimental Clinical Oncology , Aarhus University Hospital , Aarhus C , Denmark
| | - N A P Franken
- a Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR) , Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine , Amsterdam , The Netherlands.,b Department of Radiotherapy , Academic Medical Center (AMC) and Cancer Center Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - J Crezee
- b Department of Radiotherapy , Academic Medical Center (AMC) and Cancer Center Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
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77
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COLVIN H, MORI M. Getting to the heart of the matter in cancer: Novel approaches to targeting cancer stem cells. PROCEEDINGS OF THE JAPAN ACADEMY. SERIES B, PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2017; 93:146-154. [PMID: 28302961 PMCID: PMC5422580 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.93.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of deaths worldwide. While cancers may initially show good response to chemotherapy or radiotherapy, it is not uncommon for them to recur at a later date. This phenomenon may be explained by the existence of a small population of cancer stem cells, which are inherently resistant to anti-cancer treatment as well as being capable of self-renewal. Therefore, while most of the tumour bulk consisting of cells that are not cancer stem cells respond to treatment, the cancer stem cells remain, leading to disease recurrence. Following this logic, the effective targeting of cancer stem cells holds promise for providing long-term cure in individuals with cancer. Cancer stem cells, like normal stem cells are endowed with mechanisms to protect themselves against a wide range of insults including anti-cancer treatments, such as the enhancement of the DNA damage response and the ability to extrude drugs. It is therefore important to develop new strategies if cancer stem cells are to be eradicated. In this review, we describe the strategies that we have developed to target cancer stem cells. These strategies include the targeting of the histone demethylase jumonji, AT rich interactive domain 1B (JARID1B), which we found to be functionally significant in the maintenance of cancer stem cells. Other strategies being pursued include reprogramming of cancer stem cells and the targeting of a functional cell surface marker of liver cancer stem cells, the aminopeptidase CD13.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugh COLVIN
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masaki MORI
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Frontier Science for Cancer and Chemotherapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Cancer Profiling Discovery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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78
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Chen J, Ding P, Li L, Gu H, Zhang X, Zhang L, Wang N, Gan L, Wang Q, Zhang W, Hu W. CD59 Regulation by SOX2 Is Required for Epithelial Cancer Stem Cells to Evade Complement Surveillance. Stem Cell Reports 2016; 8:140-151. [PMID: 28017655 PMCID: PMC5233323 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2016.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are highly associated with therapy resistance and metastasis. Interplay between CSCs and various immune components is required for tumor survival. However, the response of CSCs to complement surveillance remains unknown. Herein, using stem-like sphere-forming cells prepared from a mammary tumor and a lung adenocarcinoma cell line, we found that CD59 was upregulated to protect CSCs from complement-dependent cytotoxicity. CD59 silencing significantly enhanced complement destruction and completely suppressed tumorigenesis in CSC-xenografted nude mice. Furthermore, we identified that SOX2 upregulates CD59 in epithelial CSCs. In addition, we revealed that SOX2 regulates the transcription of mCd59b, leading to selective mCD59b abundance in murine testis spermatogonial stem cells. Therefore, we demonstrated that CD59 regulation by SOX2 is required for stem cell evasion of complement surveillance. This finding highlights the importance of complement surveillance in eliminating CSCs and may suggest CD59 as a potential target for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Chen
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dong'an Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Peipei Ding
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dong'an Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ling Li
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dong'an Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hongyu Gu
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dong'an Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dong'an Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Long Zhang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dong'an Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Na Wang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dong'an Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lu Gan
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dong'an Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dong'an Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dong'an Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Weiguo Hu
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dong'an Road, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Immunology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
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Lenos KJ, Vermeulen L. Cancer stem cells don't waste their time cleaning-low proteasome activity, a marker for cancer stem cell function. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2016; 4:519. [PMID: 28149881 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2016.11.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A population of stem-like cells in tumors, the so-called cancer stem cells (CSCs), are being held responsible for therapy resistance and tumor recurrence. In analogy with normal stem cells, CSCs possess the capacity of long term self-renewal and multilineage differentiation. CSCs are believed to be more resistant to various therapies compared to their differentiated offspring and therefore the cause of tumor relapse. Markers for CSCs have been identified using xenograft transplantation assays and lineage tracing in mouse models, however the specificity and validity of many of these markers is under debate. Recently, low proteasome activity has been postulated as a novel CSC marker. In several solid malignancies a small subset of low proteasomal activity cells with CSC characteristics were identified, suggesting that proteasomal activity might be a functional marker for CSCs. In this perspective, we will discuss a recent study by Munakata et al., describing a population of colorectal cancer cells with CSC properties, characterized by low proteasome activity and treatment resistance. We will put this finding in a broader view by discussing the challenges and issues inherent with CSC identification, as well as some emerging insights in the CSC concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristiaan J Lenos
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine (CEMM), Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Louis Vermeulen
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine (CEMM), Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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80
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Yan H, Romero-Lopez M, Frieboes HB, Hughes CCW, Lowengrub JS. Multiscale Modeling of Glioblastoma Suggests that the Partial Disruption of Vessel/Cancer Stem Cell Crosstalk Can Promote Tumor Regression Without Increasing Invasiveness. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2016; 64:538-548. [PMID: 27723576 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2016.2615566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In glioblastoma, the crosstalk between vascular endothelial cells (VECs) and glioma stem cells (GSCs) has been shown to enhance tumor growth. We propose a multiscale mathematical model to study this mechanism, explore tumor growth under various initial and microenvironmental conditions, and investigate the effects of blocking this crosstalk. METHODS We develop a hybrid continuum-discrete model of highly organized vascularized tumors. VEC-GSC crosstalk is modeled via vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) production by tumor cells and by secretion of soluble factors by VECs that promote GSC self-renewal and proliferation. RESULTS VEC-GSC crosstalk increases both tumor size and GSC fraction by enhancing GSC activity and neovascular development. VEGF promotes vessel formation, and larger VEGF sources typically increase vessel numbers, which enhances tumor growth and stabilizes the tumor shape. Increasing the initial GSC fraction has a similar effect. Partially disrupting the crosstalk by blocking VEC secretion of GSC promoters reduces tumor size but does not increase invasiveness, which is in contrast to antiangiogenic therapies, which reduce tumor size but may significantly increase tumor invasiveness. SIGNIFICANCE Multiscale modeling supports the targeting of VEC-GSC crosstalk as a promising approach for cancer therapy.
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81
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Control of Hedgehog Signalling by the Cilia-Regulated Proteasome. J Dev Biol 2016; 4:jdb4030027. [PMID: 29615591 PMCID: PMC5831775 DOI: 10.3390/jdb4030027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hedgehog signalling pathway is evolutionarily highly conserved and essential for embryonic development of invertebrates and vertebrates. Consequently, impaired Hedgehog signalling results in very severe human diseases, ranging from holoprosencephaly to Pallister-Hall syndrome. Due to this great importance for human health, the focus of numerous research groups is placed on the investigation of the detailed mechanisms underlying Hedgehog signalling. Today, it is known that tiny cell protrusions, known as primary cilia, are necessary to mediate Hedgehog signalling in vertebrates. Although the Hedgehog pathway is one of the best studied signalling pathways, many questions remain. One of these questions is: How do primary cilia control Hedgehog signalling in vertebrates? Recently, it was shown that primary cilia regulate a special kind of proteasome which is essential for proper Hedgehog signalling. This review article will cover this novel cilia-proteasome association in embryonic Hedgehog signalling and discuss the possibilities provided by future investigations on this topic.
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82
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Gerhardt C, Leu T, Lier JM, Rüther U. The cilia-regulated proteasome and its role in the development of ciliopathies and cancer. Cilia 2016; 5:14. [PMID: 27293550 PMCID: PMC4901515 DOI: 10.1186/s13630-016-0035-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary cilium is an essential structure for the mediation of numerous signaling pathways involved in the coordination and regulation of cellular processes essential for the development and maintenance of health. Consequently, ciliary dysfunction results in severe human diseases called ciliopathies. Since many of the cilia-mediated signaling pathways are oncogenic pathways, cilia are linked to cancer. Recent studies demonstrate the existence of a cilia-regulated proteasome and that this proteasome is involved in cancer development via the progression of oncogenic, cilia-mediated signaling. This review article investigates the association between primary cilia and cancer with particular emphasis on the role of the cilia-regulated proteasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Gerhardt
- Institute for Animal Developmental and Molecular Biology, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tristan Leu
- Institute for Animal Developmental and Molecular Biology, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Johanna Maria Lier
- Institute for Animal Developmental and Molecular Biology, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ulrich Rüther
- Institute for Animal Developmental and Molecular Biology, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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83
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Di K, Lloyd GK, Abraham V, MacLaren A, Burrows FJ, Desjardins A, Trikha M, Bota DA. Marizomib activity as a single agent in malignant gliomas: ability to cross the blood-brain barrier. Neuro Oncol 2016; 18:840-8. [PMID: 26681765 PMCID: PMC4864261 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nov299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The proteasome plays a vital role in the physiology of glioblastoma (GBM), and proteasome inhibition can be used as a strategy for treating GBM. Marizomib is a second-generation, irreversible proteasome inhibitor with a more lipophilic structure that suggests the potential for penetrating the blood-brain barrier. While bortezomib and carfilzomib, the 2 proteasome inhibitors approved for treatment of multiple myeloma, have little activity against malignant gliomas in vivo, marizomib could be a novel therapeutic strategy for primary brain tumors. METHODS The in-vitro antitumor activity of marizomib was studied in glioma cell lines U-251 and D-54. The ability of marizomib to cross the blood-brain barrier and regulate proteasome activities was evaluated in cynomolgus monkeys and rats. The antitumor effect of marizomib in vivo was tested in an orthotopic xenograft model of human GBM. RESULTS Marizomib inhibited the proteasome activity, proliferation, and invasion of glioma cells. Meanwhile, free radical production and apoptosis induced by marizomib could be blocked by antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine. In animal studies, marizomib distributed into the brain at 30% of blood levels in rats and significantly inhibited (>30%) baseline chymotrypsin-like proteasome activity in brain tissue of monkeys. Encouragingly, the immunocompromised mice, intracranially implanted with glioma xenografts, survived significantly longer than the control animals (P < .05) when treated with marizomib. CONCLUSIONS These preclinical studies demonstrated that marizomib can cross the blood-brain barrier and inhibit proteasome activity in rodent and nonhuman primate brain and elicit a significant antitumor effect in a rodent intracranial model of malignant glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaijun Di
- University of California, Irvine, California (K.D., V.A., D.A.B.); Triphase Accelerator Corporation, San Diego, California (G.K.L., A.M., F.J.B, M.T.); The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina (A.D.)
| | - G Kenneth Lloyd
- University of California, Irvine, California (K.D., V.A., D.A.B.); Triphase Accelerator Corporation, San Diego, California (G.K.L., A.M., F.J.B, M.T.); The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina (A.D.)
| | - Vivek Abraham
- University of California, Irvine, California (K.D., V.A., D.A.B.); Triphase Accelerator Corporation, San Diego, California (G.K.L., A.M., F.J.B, M.T.); The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina (A.D.)
| | - Ann MacLaren
- University of California, Irvine, California (K.D., V.A., D.A.B.); Triphase Accelerator Corporation, San Diego, California (G.K.L., A.M., F.J.B, M.T.); The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina (A.D.)
| | - Francis J Burrows
- University of California, Irvine, California (K.D., V.A., D.A.B.); Triphase Accelerator Corporation, San Diego, California (G.K.L., A.M., F.J.B, M.T.); The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina (A.D.)
| | - Annick Desjardins
- University of California, Irvine, California (K.D., V.A., D.A.B.); Triphase Accelerator Corporation, San Diego, California (G.K.L., A.M., F.J.B, M.T.); The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina (A.D.)
| | - Mohit Trikha
- University of California, Irvine, California (K.D., V.A., D.A.B.); Triphase Accelerator Corporation, San Diego, California (G.K.L., A.M., F.J.B, M.T.); The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina (A.D.)
| | - Daniela A Bota
- University of California, Irvine, California (K.D., V.A., D.A.B.); Triphase Accelerator Corporation, San Diego, California (G.K.L., A.M., F.J.B, M.T.); The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina (A.D.)
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84
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Furuyama T, Tanaka S, Shimada S, Akiyama Y, Matsumura S, Mitsunori Y, Aihara A, Ban D, Ochiai T, Kudo A, Fukamachi H, Arii S, Kawaguchi Y, Tanabe M. Proteasome activity is required for the initiation of precancerous pancreatic lesions. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27044. [PMID: 27244456 PMCID: PMC4886684 DOI: 10.1038/srep27044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteasome activity is significantly increased in advanced cancers, but its role in cancer initiation is not clear, due to difficulties in monitoring this process in vivo. We established a line of transgenic mice that carried the ZsGreen-degronODC (Gdeg) proteasome reporter to monitor the proteasome activity. In combination with Pdx-1-Cre;LSL-KrasG12D model, proteasome activity was investigated in the initiation of precancerous pancreatic lesions (PanINs). Normal pancreatic acini in Gdeg mice had low proteasome activity. By contrast, proteasome activity was increased in the PanIN lesions that developed in Gdeg;Pdx-1-Cre;LSL-KrasG12D mice. Caerulein administration to Gdeg;Pdx-1-Cre;LSL-KrasG12D mice induced constitutive elevation of proteasome activity in pancreatic tissues and accelerated PanIN formation. The proteasome inhibitor markedly reduced PanIN formation in Gdeg;Pdx-1-Cre;LSL-KrasG12D mice (P = 0.001), whereas it had no effect on PanIN lesions that had already formed. These observations indicated the significance of proteasome activity in the initiation of PanIN but not the maintenance per se. In addition, the expressions of pERK and its downstream factors including cyclin D1, NF-κB, and Cox2 were decreased after proteasome inhibition in PanINs. Our studies showed activation of proteasome is required specifically for the initiation of PanIN. The roles of proteasome in the early stages of pancreatic carcinogenesis warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaki Furuyama
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinji Tanaka
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shu Shimada
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshimitsu Akiyama
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Matsumura
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Mitsunori
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Arihiro Aihara
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ban
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takanori Ochiai
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kudo
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Fukamachi
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeki Arii
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiya Kawaguchi
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Minoru Tanabe
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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85
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Ryoo IG, Choi BH, Kwak MK. Activation of NRF2 by p62 and proteasome reduction in sphere-forming breast carcinoma cells. Oncotarget 2016; 6:8167-84. [PMID: 25717032 PMCID: PMC4480743 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) express high levels of drug efflux transporters and antioxidant genes, and are therefore believed to be responsible for cancer recurrence following chemo/radiotherapy intervention. In this study, we investigated the role of NF-E2-related factor 2 (NRF2), a master regulator of antioxidant gene expression, in the growth and stress resistance of CSC-enriched mammosphere. The MCF7 mammospheres expressed significantly higher levels of the NRF2 protein and target gene expression compared to the monolayer. As underlying mechanisms, we observed that proteolytic activity and expression of the proteasome catalytic subunits were decreased in the mammospheres. Additionally, mammospheres retained a high level of p62 and the silencing of p62 was observed to attenuate NRF2 activation. NRF2 increase was confirmed in sphere-cultures of the colon and ovarian cancer cells. The functional implication of NRF2 was demonstrated in NRF2-knockdown mammospheres. NRF2-silenced mammospheres demonstrated increased cell death and retarded sphere growth as a result of target gene repression. Moreover, unlike the control mammospheres, NRF2-knockdown mammospheres did not develop anticancer drug resistance. Collectively, these results indicated that altered proteasome function and p62 expression caused NRF2 activation in CSC-enriched mammospheres. In addition, NRF2 appeared to play a role in CSC survival and anticancer drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Geun Ryoo
- College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Hyun Choi
- College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Kyoung Kwak
- College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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Cancer Stem-like Properties in Colorectal Cancer Cells with Low Proteasome Activity. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 22:5277-5286. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-1945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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87
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Cancer stem cells, cancer-initiating cells and methods for their detection. Drug Discov Today 2016; 21:836-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2016.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2015] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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88
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Kim MH, Kim MH, Kim KS, Park MJ, Jeong JH, Park SW, Ji YH, Kim KI, Lee TS, Ryu PY, Kang JH, Lee YJ. In vivo monitoring of CD44+ cancer stem-like cells by γ-irradiation in breast cancer. Int J Oncol 2016; 48:2277-86. [PMID: 27098303 PMCID: PMC4864145 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that cancer contains cancer stem cells (CSCs) that are capable of regenerating a tumor following chemotherapy or radiotherapy. CD44 and CD133 are used to identify CSCs. This study investigated non-invasive in vivo monitoring of CD44-positive cancer stem-like cells in breast cancer by γ-irradiation using molecular image by fusing the firefly luciferase (fLuc) gene with the CD44 promoter. We generated a breast cancer cell line stably expressing fLuc gene by use of recombinant lentiviral vector controlled by CD44 promoter (MCF7-CL). Irradiated MCF7-CL spheres showed upregulated expression of CD44 and CD133, by immunofluorescence and flow cytometry. Also, gene expression levels of CSCs markers in irradiated spheres were clearly increased. CD44+ CSCs increased fLuc expression and tumor growth in vivo and in vitro. When MCF7-CL was treated with siCD44 and irradiated, CD44 expression was inhibited and cell survival ratio was decreased. MCF7-CL subsets were injected into the mice and irradiated by using a cobalt-60 source. Then, in vivo monitoring was performed to observe the bioluminescence imaging (BLI). When breast cancer was irradiated, relative BLI signal was increased, but tumor volume was decreased compared to non-irradiated tumor. These results indicate that increased CD44 expression, caused by general feature of CSCs by irradiation and sphere formation, can be monitored by using bioluminescence imaging. This system could be useful to evaluate CD44-expressed CSCs in breast cancer by BLI in vivo as well as in vitro for radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Hyun Kim
- Molecular Imaging Research Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Hwan Kim
- Molecular Imaging Research Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Seok Kim
- Division of Radiation Cancer Research/Research Center for Radio-Senescence, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Jin Park
- Division of Radiation Cancer Research/Research Center for Radio-Senescence, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hoon Jeong
- Research Center for Radiotherapy, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Woo Park
- Research Center for Radiotherapy, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hoon Ji
- Research Center for Radiotherapy, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Il Kim
- Molecular Imaging Research Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Sup Lee
- Molecular Imaging Research Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Phil Youl Ryu
- Department of Microbiology, Chonnam National University College of Medicine, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Hyun Kang
- Molecular Imaging Research Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Jin Lee
- Molecular Imaging Research Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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89
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Held KD, Kawamura H, Kaminuma T, Paz AES, Yoshida Y, Liu Q, Willers H, Takahashi A. Effects of Charged Particles on Human Tumor Cells. Front Oncol 2016; 6:23. [PMID: 26904502 PMCID: PMC4751258 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2016.00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of charged particle therapy in cancer treatment is growing rapidly, in large part because the exquisite dose localization of charged particles allows for higher radiation doses to be given to tumor tissue while normal tissues are exposed to lower doses and decreased volumes of normal tissues are irradiated. In addition, charged particles heavier than protons have substantial potential clinical advantages because of their additional biological effects, including greater cell killing effectiveness, decreased radiation resistance of hypoxic cells in tumors, and reduced cell cycle dependence of radiation response. These biological advantages depend on many factors, such as endpoint, cell or tissue type, dose, dose rate or fractionation, charged particle type and energy, and oxygen concentration. This review summarizes the unique biological advantages of charged particle therapy and highlights recent research and areas of particular research needs, such as quantification of relative biological effectiveness (RBE) for various tumor types and radiation qualities, role of genetic background of tumor cells in determining response to charged particles, sensitivity of cancer stem-like cells to charged particles, role of charged particles in tumors with hypoxic fractions, and importance of fractionation, including use of hypofractionation, with charged particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn D Held
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA , USA
| | - Hidemasa Kawamura
- Gunma University Heavy Ion Medical Center, Gunma, Japan; Department of Radiation Oncology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
| | - Takuya Kaminuma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Gunma University Heavy Ion Medical Center, Gunma, Japan; Department of Radiation Oncology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
| | | | - Yukari Yoshida
- Gunma University Heavy Ion Medical Center , Gunma , Japan
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA , USA
| | - Henning Willers
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA , USA
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90
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Lin S, Xu Y, Gan Z, Han K, Hu H, Yao Y, Huang M, Min D. Monitoring cancer stem cells: insights into clinical oncology. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:731-40. [PMID: 26929644 PMCID: PMC4755432 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s96645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a small, characteristically distinctive subset of tumor cells responsible for tumor initiation and progression. Several treatment modalities, such as surgery, glycolytic inhibition, driving CSC proliferation, immunotherapy, and hypofractionated radiotherapy, may have the potential to eradicate CSCs. We propose that monitoring CSCs is important in clinical oncology as CSC populations may reflect true treatment response and assist with managing treatment strategies, such as defining optimal chemotherapy cycles, permitting pretreatment cancer surveillance, conducting a comprehensive treatment plan, modifying radiation treatment, and deploying rechallenge chemotherapy. Then, we describe methods for monitoring CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- ShuChen Lin
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital East Campus, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, People's Republic of China
| | - YingChun Xu
- Department of Oncology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, People's Republic of China
| | - ZhiHua Gan
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital East Campus, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Han
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital East Campus, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, People's Republic of China
| | - HaiYan Hu
- Department of Oncology, The Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Yao
- Department of Oncology, The Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, People's Republic of China
| | - MingZhu Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - DaLiu Min
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital East Campus, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, People's Republic of China
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91
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Ito H, Tanaka S, Akiyama Y, Shimada S, Adikrisna R, Matsumura S, Aihara A, Mitsunori Y, Ban D, Ochiai T, Kudo A, Arii S, Yamaoka S, Tanabe M. Dominant Expression of DCLK1 in Human Pancreatic Cancer Stem Cells Accelerates Tumor Invasion and Metastasis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0146564. [PMID: 26764906 PMCID: PMC4713149 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with pancreatic cancer typically develop tumor invasion and metastasis in the early stage. These malignant behaviors might be originated from cancer stem cells (CSCs), but the responsible target is less known about invisible CSCs especially for invasion and metastasis. We previously examined the proteasome activity of CSCs and constructed a real-time visualization system for human pancreatic CSCs. In the present study, we found that CSCs were highly metastatic and dominantly localized at the invading tumor margins in a liver metastasis model. Microarray and siRNA screening assays showed that doublecortin-like kinase 1 (DCLK1) was predominantly expressed with histone modification in pancreatic CSCs with invasive and metastatic potential. Overexpression of DCLK1 led to amoeboid morphology, which promotes the migration of pancreatic cancer cells. Knockdown of DCLK1 profoundly suppressed in vivo liver metastasis of pancreatic CSCs. Clinically, DCLK1 was overexpressed in the metastatic tumors in patients with pancreatic cancer. Our studies revealed that DCLK1 is essential for the invasive and metastatic properties of CSCs and may be a promising epigenetic and therapeutic target in human pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromitsu Ito
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinji Tanaka
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshimitsu Akiyama
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shu Shimada
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rama Adikrisna
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Matsumura
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Arihiro Aihara
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Mitsunori
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ban
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takanori Ochiai
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kudo
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeki Arii
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shoji Yamaoka
- Department of Molecular Virology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Minoru Tanabe
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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92
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Vlashi E, Chen AM, Boyrie S, Yu G, Nguyen A, Brower PA, Hess CB, Pajonk F. Radiation-Induced Dedifferentiation of Head and Neck Cancer Cells Into Cancer Stem Cells Depends on Human Papillomavirus Status. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2016; 94:1198-206. [PMID: 27026319 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2016.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To test the hypothesis that the radiation response of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive and HPV-negative head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) differs and is not reflected in the radiation response of the bulk tumor populations, that radiation therapy (RT) can dedifferentiate non-stem HNSCC cells into CSCs, and that radiation-induced dedifferentiation depends on the HPV status. METHODS AND MATERIALS Records of a cohort of 162 HNSCC patients were reviewed, and their outcomes were correlated with their HPV status. Using a panel of HPV-positive and HPV-negative HNSCC cell lines expressing a reporter for CSCs, we characterized HPV-positive and HPV-negative lines via flow cytometry, sphere-forming capacity assays in vitro, and limiting dilution assays in vivo. Non-CSCs were treated with different doses of radiation, and the dedifferentiation of non-CSCs into CSCs was investigated via flow cytometry and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction for re-expression of reprogramming factors. RESULTS Patients with HPV-positive tumors have superior overall survival and local-regional control. Human papillomavirus-positive HNSCC cell lines have lower numbers of CSCs, which inversely correlates with radiosensitivity. Human papillomavirus-negative HNSCC cell lines lack hierarchy owing to enhanced spontaneous dedifferentiation. Non-CSCs from HPV-negative lines show enhanced radiation-induced dedifferentiation compared with HPV-positive lines, and RT induced re-expression of Yamanaka reprogramming factors. CONCLUSIONS Supporting the favorable prognosis of HPV-positive HNSCCs, we show that (1) HPV-positive HNSCCs have a lower frequency of CSCs; (2) RT can dedifferentiate HNSCC cells into CSCs; and (3) radiation-induced dedifferentiation depends on the HPV status of the tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erina Vlashi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center at UCLA, Los Angeles, California.
| | - Allen M Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Sabrina Boyrie
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Garrett Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Andrea Nguyen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Philip A Brower
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Clayton B Hess
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California
| | - Frank Pajonk
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
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93
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Lee CH, Yu CC, Wang BY, Chang WW. Tumorsphere as an effective in vitro platform for screening anti-cancer stem cell drugs. Oncotarget 2016; 7:1215-26. [PMID: 26527320 PMCID: PMC4811455 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a sub-population of cells within cancer tissues with tumor initiation, drug resistance and metastasis properties. CSCs also have been considered as the main cause of cancer recurrence. Targeting CSCs have been suggested as the key for successful treatment against cancer. Tumorsphere cultivation is based on culturing cancer cells onto ultralow attachment surface in serum-free media under the supplementation with growth factors such as epidermal growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor. Tumorsphere cultivation is widely used to analyze the self-renewal capability of CSCs and to enrich these cells from bulk cancer cells. This method also provides a reliable platform for screening potential anti-CSC agents. The in vitro anti-proliferation activity of potential agents selected from tumorsphere assay is more translatable into in vivo anti-tumorigenic activity compared with general monolayer culture. Tumorsphere assay can also measure the outcome of clinical trials for potential anti-cancer agents. In addition, tumorsphere assay may be a promising strategy in the innovation of future cancer therapeutica and may help in the screening of anti-cancer small-molecule chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che-Hsin Lee
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chia Yu
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
- Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Bing-Yen Wang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, ChangHua Christian Hospital, ChangHua County, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Wei Chang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
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94
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Yim JH, Yun HS, Lee SJ, Baek JH, Lee CW, Song JY, Um HD, Park JK, Kim JS, Park IC, Hwang SG. Radiosensitizing effect of PSMC5, a 19S proteasome ATPase, in H460 lung cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 469:94-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.11.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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95
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Yu G, Rosenberg JN, Betenbaugh MJ, Oyler GA. Pac-Man for biotechnology: co-opting degrons for targeted protein degradation to control and alter cell function. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2015; 36:199-204. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2015.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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96
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Tinganelli W, Durante M, Hirayama R, Krämer M, Maier A, Kraft-Weyrather W, Furusawa Y, Friedrich T, Scifoni E. Kill-painting of hypoxic tumours in charged particle therapy. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17016. [PMID: 26596243 PMCID: PMC4657060 DOI: 10.1038/srep17016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Solid tumours often present regions with severe oxygen deprivation (hypoxia), which
are resistant to both chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Increased radiosensitivity as a
function of the oxygen concentration is well described for X-rays. It has also been
demonstrated that radioresistance in anoxia is reduced using high-LET radiation
rather than conventional X-rays. However, the dependence of the oxygen enhancement
ratio (OER) on radiation quality in the regions of intermediate oxygen
concentrations, those normally found in tumours, had never been measured and
biophysical models were based on extrapolations. Here we present a complete survival
dataset of mammalian cells exposed to different ions in oxygen concentration ranging
from normoxia (21%) to anoxia (0%). The data were used to generate a model of the
dependence of the OER on oxygen concentration and particle energy. The model was
implemented in the ion beam treatment planning system to prescribe uniform cell
killing across volumes with heterogeneous radiosensitivity. The adaptive treatment
plans have been validated in two different accelerator facilities, using a
biological phantom where cells can be irradiated simultaneously at three different
oxygen concentrations. We thus realized a hypoxia-adapted treatment plan, which will
be used for painting by voxel of hypoxic tumours visualized by functional
imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Tinganelli
- Biophysics Department, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany.,Research Center for Charged Particle Therapy and International Open Laboratory, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 263-8555 Chiba, Japan
| | - Marco Durante
- Biophysics Department, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany.,Technical University Darmstadt, 64283 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Ryoichi Hirayama
- Research Center for Charged Particle Therapy and International Open Laboratory, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 263-8555 Chiba, Japan
| | - Michael Krämer
- Biophysics Department, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Andreas Maier
- Biophysics Department, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Wilma Kraft-Weyrather
- Biophysics Department, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Yoshiya Furusawa
- Research Center for Charged Particle Therapy and International Open Laboratory, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 263-8555 Chiba, Japan
| | - Thomas Friedrich
- Biophysics Department, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Emanuele Scifoni
- Biophysics Department, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
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97
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Maeda A, Kulbatski I, DaCosta RS. Emerging Applications for Optically Enabled Intravital Microscopic Imaging in Radiobiology. Mol Imaging 2015. [DOI: 10.2310/7290.2015.00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Azusa Maeda
- From the Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, MaRS Centre; Techna Institute for Advancement of Technologies for Health; and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, MaRS Centre, Toronto, ON
| | - Iris Kulbatski
- From the Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, MaRS Centre; Techna Institute for Advancement of Technologies for Health; and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, MaRS Centre, Toronto, ON
| | - Ralph S. DaCosta
- From the Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, MaRS Centre; Techna Institute for Advancement of Technologies for Health; and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, MaRS Centre, Toronto, ON
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98
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Ahmed SU, Carruthers R, Gilmour L, Yildirim S, Watts C, Chalmers AJ. Selective Inhibition of Parallel DNA Damage Response Pathways Optimizes Radiosensitization of Glioblastoma Stem-like Cells. Cancer Res 2015; 75:4416-28. [PMID: 26282173 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-3790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common form of primary brain tumor in adults and is essentially incurable. Despite aggressive treatment regimens centered on radiotherapy, tumor recurrence is inevitable and is thought to be driven by glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSC) that are highly radioresistant. DNA damage response pathways are key determinants of radiosensitivity but the extent to which these overlapping and parallel signaling components contribute to GSC radioresistance is unclear. Using a panel of primary patient-derived glioblastoma cell lines, we confirmed by clonogenic survival assays that GSCs were significantly more radioresistant than paired tumor bulk populations. DNA damage response targets ATM, ATR, CHK1, and PARP1 were upregulated in GSCs, and CHK1 was preferentially activated following irradiation. Consequently, GSCs exhibit rapid G2-M cell-cycle checkpoint activation and enhanced DNA repair. Inhibition of CHK1 or ATR successfully abrogated G2-M checkpoint function, leading to increased mitotic catastrophe and a modest increase in radiation sensitivity. Inhibition of ATM had dual effects on cell-cycle checkpoint regulation and DNA repair that were associated with greater radiosensitizing effects on GSCs than inhibition of CHK1, ATR, or PARP alone. Combined inhibition of PARP and ATR resulted in a profound radiosensitization of GSCs, which was of greater magnitude than in bulk populations and also exceeded the effect of ATM inhibition. These data demonstrate that multiple, parallel DNA damage signaling pathways contribute to GSC radioresistance and that combined inhibition of cell-cycle checkpoint and DNA repair targets provides the most effective means to overcome radioresistance of GSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shafiq U Ahmed
- Translational Radiation Biology, Institute of Cancer Sciences, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
| | - Ross Carruthers
- Translational Radiation Biology, Institute of Cancer Sciences, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Lesley Gilmour
- Translational Radiation Biology, Institute of Cancer Sciences, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | - Colin Watts
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Neurosurgery, ED Adrian Building, Forvie Site, Robinson Way, Cambridge University, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony J Chalmers
- Translational Radiation Biology, Institute of Cancer Sciences, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
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99
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Stacer AC, Wang H, Fenner J, Dosch JS, Salomonnson A, Luker KE, Luker GD, Rehemtulla A, Ross BD. Imaging Reporters for Proteasome Activity Identify Tumor- and Metastasis-Initiating Cells. Mol Imaging 2015. [DOI: 10.2310/7290.2015.00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda C. Stacer
- From the Center for Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology and Departments of Radiation Oncology, Biomedical Engineering, Microbiology and Immunology, and Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Hanxiao Wang
- From the Center for Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology and Departments of Radiation Oncology, Biomedical Engineering, Microbiology and Immunology, and Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Joseph Fenner
- From the Center for Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology and Departments of Radiation Oncology, Biomedical Engineering, Microbiology and Immunology, and Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Joseph S. Dosch
- From the Center for Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology and Departments of Radiation Oncology, Biomedical Engineering, Microbiology and Immunology, and Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Anna Salomonnson
- From the Center for Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology and Departments of Radiation Oncology, Biomedical Engineering, Microbiology and Immunology, and Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Kathryn E. Luker
- From the Center for Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology and Departments of Radiation Oncology, Biomedical Engineering, Microbiology and Immunology, and Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Gary D. Luker
- From the Center for Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology and Departments of Radiation Oncology, Biomedical Engineering, Microbiology and Immunology, and Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Alnawaz Rehemtulla
- From the Center for Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology and Departments of Radiation Oncology, Biomedical Engineering, Microbiology and Immunology, and Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Brian D. Ross
- From the Center for Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology and Departments of Radiation Oncology, Biomedical Engineering, Microbiology and Immunology, and Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
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100
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Abstract
In today's era of personalized medicine, the use of radiation therapy for breast cancer is still tailored to the type of surgery and the stage of the cancer. The future of breast radiation oncology would hopefully entail selecting patients for whom there is a clear benefit for the use of radiation therapy. To get to this point we need reliable predictors of radiation response. Cancer stem cells have been correlated to radiation resistance and outcome for patients with breast cancer, and there is considerable interest in whether cancer stem cell markers or biologic surrogates may be predictive of response to radiation therapy. We review the data or in some cases lack of data regarding stem cell correlates as predictors of radiation resistance as well as the correlation of known predictors with stem cell biology. More research is certainly needed to investigate potential predictors of radiation response, stem cell or otherwise, to move us toward the goal of personalized radiation therapy.
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