51
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Liang S, Xiong W, Yin C, Xie X, Jin YJ, Zhang S, Yang B, Ye G, Chen S, Luan WJ. Overexpression of OsARD1 Improves Submergence, Drought, and Salt Tolerances of Seedling Through the Enhancement of Ethylene Synthesis in Rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1088. [PMID: 31552078 PMCID: PMC6746970 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Acireductone dioxygenase (ARD) is a metal-binding metalloenzyme and involved in the methionine salvage pathway. In rice, OsARD1 binds Fe2+ and catalyzes the formation of 2-keto-4-methylthiobutyrate (KMTB) to produce methionine, which is an initial substrate in ethylene synthesis pathway. Here, we report that overexpression of OsARD1 elevates the endogenous ethylene release rate, enhances the tolerance to submergence stress, and reduces the sensitivity to drought, salt, and osmotic stresses in rice. OsARD1 is strongly induced by submergence, drought, salinity, PEG6000, and mechanical damage stresses and exhibits high expression level in senescent leaves. Transgenic plants overexpressing OsARD1 (OsARD1-OE) display fast elongation growth to escape submergence stress. The ethylene content is significantly maximized in OsARD1-OE plants compared with the wide type. OsARD1-OE plants display increased shoot elongation and inhibition of root elongation under the submergence stress and grow in dark due to increase of ethylene. The elongation of coleoptile under anaerobic germination is also significantly promoted in OsARD1-OE lines due to the increase of ethylene content. The sensitivity to drought and salt stresses is reduced in OsARD1-OE transgenic lines. Water holding capacity is enhanced, and the stomata and trichomes on leaves increase in OsARD1-OE lines. Drought and salt tolerance and ethylene synthesis-related genes are upregulated in OsARD1-OE plants. Subcellular localization shows that OsARD1 displays strong localization signal in cell nucleus, suggesting OsARD1 may interact with the transcription factors. Taken together, the results provide the understanding of the function of OsARD1 in ethylene synthesis and abiotic stress response in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Liang
- College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
| | - Cuicui Yin
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaodong Xie
- College of Agriculture, Resources and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ya-jun Jin
- College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
| | - Siju Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
| | - Bo Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
| | - Guoyou Ye
- Genetics and Biotechnology Division, International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Los Baños, Philippines
| | - Shouyi Chen
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-jiang Luan
- College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Wei-jiang Luan,
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52
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Qin H, He L, Huang R. The Coordination of Ethylene and Other Hormones in Primary Root Development. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:874. [PMID: 31354757 PMCID: PMC6635467 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The primary root is the basic component of root systems, initiates during embryogenesis and develops shortly after germination, and plays a key role in early seedling growth and survival. The phytohormone ethylene shows significant inhibition of the growth of primary roots. Recent findings have revealed that the inhibition of ethylene in primary root elongation is mediated via interactions with phytohormones, such as auxin, abscisic acid, gibberellin, cytokinins, jasmonic acid, and brassinosteroids. Considering that Arabidopsis and rice are the model plants of dicots and monocots, as well as the fact that hormonal crosstalk in primary root growth has been extensively investigated in Arabidopsis and rice, a better understanding of the mechanisms in Arabidopsis and rice will increase potential applications in other species. Therefore, we focus our interest on the emerging studies in the research of ethylene and hormone crosstalk in primary root development in Arabidopsis and rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Qin
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Beijing, China
| | - Lina He
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Rongfeng Huang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Rongfeng Huang,
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53
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Auxin Controlled by Ethylene Steers Root Development. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113656. [PMID: 30463285 PMCID: PMC6274790 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Roots are important plant ground organs, which absorb water and nutrients to control plant growth and development. Phytohormones have been known to play a crucial role in the regulation of root growth, such as auxin and ethylene, which are central regulators of this process. Recent findings have revealed that root development and elongation regulated by ethylene are auxin dependent through alterations of auxin biosynthesis, transport and signaling. In this review, we focus on the recent advances in the study of auxin and auxin⁻ethylene crosstalk in plant root development, demonstrating that auxin and ethylene act synergistically to control primary root and root hair growth, but function antagonistically in lateral root formation. Moreover, ethylene modulates auxin biosynthesis, transport and signaling to fine-tune root growth and development. Thus, this review steps up the understanding of the regulation of auxin and ethylene in root growth.
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54
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Kusajima M, Shima S, Fujita M, Minamisawa K, Che FS, Yamakawa H, Nakashita H. Involvement of ethylene signaling in Azospirillum sp. B510-induced disease resistance in rice. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2018; 82:1522-1526. [PMID: 29847205 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2018.1480350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
A bacterial endophyte Azospirillum sp. B510 induces systemic disease resistance in the host without accompanying defense-related gene expression. To elucidate molecular mechanism of this induced systemic resistance (ISR), involvement of ethylene (ET) was examined using OsEIN2-knockdown mutant rice. Rice blast inoculation assay and gene expression analysis indicated that ET signaling is required for endophyte-mediated ISR in rice. ABBREVIATIONS ACC: 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid; EIN2: ethylene-insensitive protein 2; ET: ethylene; ISR: induced systemic resistance; JA: jasmonic acid; RNAi: RNA interference; SA: salicylic acid; SAR: systemic acquired resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyuki Kusajima
- a Research Center for Bioresources Development, Faculty of Biotechnology , Fukui Prefectural University , Fukui , Japan.,b Plant-Endophyte Interactions Laboratory , Center for Intellectual Property Strategies , Saitama , Japan
| | - Shuhei Shima
- b Plant-Endophyte Interactions Laboratory , Center for Intellectual Property Strategies , Saitama , Japan
| | - Moeka Fujita
- a Research Center for Bioresources Development, Faculty of Biotechnology , Fukui Prefectural University , Fukui , Japan
| | - Kiwamu Minamisawa
- c Laboratory of Environmental Plant Microbiology, Graduate School of Life Sciences , Tohoku University , Sendai , Japan
| | - Fang-Sik Che
- d Graduate School of Bio-Science , Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology , Nagahama , Shiga , Japan
| | - Hiromoto Yamakawa
- e Crop Development Division , Central Region Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization , Joetsu , Japan
| | - Hideo Nakashita
- a Research Center for Bioresources Development, Faculty of Biotechnology , Fukui Prefectural University , Fukui , Japan.,b Plant-Endophyte Interactions Laboratory , Center for Intellectual Property Strategies , Saitama , Japan
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55
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E3 ubiquitin ligase SOR1 regulates ethylene response in rice root by modulating stability of Aux/IAA protein. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:4513-4518. [PMID: 29632179 PMCID: PMC5924906 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1719387115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Auxin signaling components participate in ethylene-mediated inhibition of root elongation. However, the interplay between TIR1/AFB2-auxin-Aux/indole acetic acid (IAA) signaling and ethylene response remains to be elucidated in detail. In this study, we report an E3 ubiquitin ligase soil-surface rooting 1 (SOR1), which targets a noncanonical Aux/IAA protein OsIAA26 for 26S proteasome-mediated degradation. The E3 ligase activity of SOR1 can be repressed by the canonical Aux/IAA protein OsIAA9, which is the target of OsTIR1/AFB2. Our study identifies a potential regulator that modulates auxin-mediated ethylene response at the auxin signaling level. Plant hormones ethylene and auxin synergistically regulate plant root growth and development. Ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis of Aux/IAA transcriptional repressors by the E3 ubiquitin ligase SCFTIR1/AFB triggers a transcription-based auxin signaling. Here we show that rice (Oryza sativa L.) soil-surface rooting 1 (SOR1), which is a RING finger E3 ubiquitin ligase identified from analysis of a rice ethylene-insensitive mutant mhz2/sor1-2, controls root-specific ethylene responses by modulating Aux/IAA protein stability. SOR1 physically interacts with OsIAA26 and OsIAA9, which are atypical and canonical Aux/IAA proteins, respectively. SOR1 targets OsIAA26 for ubiquitin/26S proteasome-mediated degradation, whereas OsIAA9 protects the OsIAA26 protein from degradation by inhibiting the E3 activity of SOR1. Auxin promotes SOR1-dependent degradation of OsIAA26 by facilitating SCFOsTIR1/AFB2-mediated and SOR1-assisted destabilization of OsIAA9 protein. Our study provides a candidate mechanism by which the SOR1-OsIAA26 module acts downstream of the OsTIR1/AFB2-auxin-OsIAA9 signaling to modulate ethylene inhibition of root growth in rice seedlings.
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56
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Dubois M, Van den Broeck L, Inzé D. The Pivotal Role of Ethylene in Plant Growth. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 23:311-323. [PMID: 29428350 PMCID: PMC5890734 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 356] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Being continuously exposed to variable environmental conditions, plants produce phytohormones to react quickly and specifically to these changes. The phytohormone ethylene is produced in response to multiple stresses. While the role of ethylene in defense responses to pathogens is widely recognized, recent studies in arabidopsis and crop species highlight an emerging key role for ethylene in the regulation of organ growth and yield under abiotic stress. Molecular connections between ethylene and growth-regulatory pathways have been uncovered, and altering the expression of ethylene response factors (ERFs) provides a new strategy for targeted ethylene-response engineering. Crops with optimized ethylene responses show improved growth in the field, opening new windows for future crop improvement. This review focuses on how ethylene regulates shoot growth, with an emphasis on leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marieke Dubois
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Present address: Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Lisa Van den Broeck
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dirk Inzé
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Correspondence: @InzeDirk
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57
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Salvador-Guirao R, Hsing YI, San Segundo B. The Polycistronic miR166k-166h Positively Regulates Rice Immunity via Post-transcriptional Control of EIN2. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:337. [PMID: 29616057 PMCID: PMC5869255 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small RNAs acting as regulators of gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. In plants, most miRNAs are generated from independent transcriptional units, and only a few polycistronic miRNAs have been described. miR166 is a conserved miRNA in plants targeting the HD-ZIP III transcription factor genes. Here, we show that a polycistronic miRNA comprising two miR166 family members, miR166k and miR166h, functions as a positive regulator of rice immunity. Rice plants with activated MIR166k-166h expression showed enhanced resistance to infection by the fungal pathogens Magnaporthe oryzae and Fusarium fujikuroi, the causal agents of the rice blast and bakanae disease, respectively. Disease resistance in rice plants with activated MIR166k-166h expression was associated with a stronger expression of defense responses during pathogen infection. Stronger induction of MIR166k-166h expression occurred in resistant but not susceptible rice cultivars. Notably, the ethylene-insensitive 2 (EIN2) gene was identified as a novel target gene for miR166k. The regulatory role of the miR166h-166k polycistron on the newly identified target gene results from the activity of the miR166k-5p specie generated from the miR166k-166h precursor. Collectively, our findings support a role for miR166k-5p in rice immunity by controlling EIN2 expression. Because rice blast is one of the most destructive diseases of cultivated rice worldwide, unraveling miR166k-166h-mediated mechanisms underlying blast resistance could ultimately help in designing appropriate strategies for rice protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Salvador-Guirao
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yue-ie Hsing
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Blanca San Segundo
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Barcelona, Spain
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58
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Membrane protein MHZ3 stabilizes OsEIN2 in rice by interacting with its Nramp-like domain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:2520-2525. [PMID: 29463697 PMCID: PMC5877927 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1718377115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The ethylene signaling pathway has been extensively investigated in Arabidopsis, and EIN2 is the central component. Rice is a monocotyledonous model plant that exhibits different features in many aspects compared with the dicotyledonous Arabidopsis. Thus, rice provides an alternative system for identification of novel components of ethylene signaling. In this study, we identified a stabilizer of OsEIN2 through analysis of the rice ethylene-insensitive mutant mhz3. We found that MHZ3 stabilizes OsEIN2 likely by binding to its Nramp-like transmembrane domain and impeding protein ubiquitination, blocking proteasome-mediated protein degradation. This study reveals that MHZ3 is required for ethylene signaling and identifies how MHZ3 binds to OsEIN2 via the OsEIN2 N-terminal Nramp-like domain. The phytohormone ethylene regulates many aspects of plant growth and development. EIN2 is the central regulator of ethylene signaling, and its turnover is crucial for triggering ethylene responses. Here, we identified a stabilizer of OsEIN2 through analysis of the rice ethylene-response mutant mhz3. Loss-of-function mutations lead to ethylene insensitivity in etiolated rice seedlings. MHZ3 encodes a previously uncharacterized membrane protein localized to the endoplasmic reticulum. Ethylene induces MHZ3 gene and protein expression. Genetically, MHZ3 acts at the OsEIN2 level in the signaling pathway. MHZ3 physically interacts with OsEIN2, and both the N- and C-termini of MHZ3 specifically associate with the OsEIN2 Nramp-like domain. Loss of mhz3 function reduces OsEIN2 abundance and attenuates ethylene-induced OsEIN2 accumulation, whereas MHZ3 overexpression elevates the abundance of both wild-type and mutated OsEIN2 proteins, suggesting that MHZ3 is required for proper accumulation of OsEIN2 protein. The association of MHZ3 with the Nramp-like domain is crucial for OsEIN2 accumulation, demonstrating the significance of the OsEIN2 transmembrane domains in ethylene signaling. Moreover, MHZ3 negatively modulates OsEIN2 ubiquitination, protecting OsEIN2 from proteasome-mediated degradation. Together, these results suggest that ethylene-induced MHZ3 stabilizes OsEIN2 likely by binding to its Nramp-like domain and impeding protein ubiquitination to facilitate ethylene signal transduction. Our findings provide insight into the mechanisms of ethylene signaling.
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59
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Yin CC, Ma B, Zhao H, Chen SY, Zhang JS. Screening and Genetic Analysis of Ethylene-Response Mutants in Etiolated Rice Seedlings. Bio Protoc 2018. [DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.3001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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60
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Zhao S, Hong W, Wu J, Wang Y, Ji S, Zhu S, Wei C, Zhang J, Li Y. A viral protein promotes host SAMS1 activity and ethylene production for the benefit of virus infection. eLife 2017; 6. [PMID: 28994391 PMCID: PMC5634785 DOI: 10.7554/elife.27529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethylene plays critical roles in plant development and biotic stress response, but the mechanism of ethylene in host antiviral response remains unclear. Here, we report that Rice dwarf virus (RDV) triggers ethylene production by stimulating the activity of S-adenosyl-L-methionine synthetase (SAMS), a key component of the ethylene synthesis pathway, resulting in elevated susceptibility to RDV. RDV-encoded Pns11 protein specifically interacted with OsSAMS1 to enhance its enzymatic activity, leading to higher ethylene levels in both RDV-infected and Pns11-overexpressing rice. Consistent with a counter-defense role for ethylene, Pns11-overexpressing rice, as well as those overexpressing OsSAMS1, were substantially more susceptible to RDV infection, and a similar effect was observed in rice plants treated with an ethylene precursor. Conversely, OsSAMS1-knockout mutants, as well as an osein2 mutant defective in ethylene signaling, resisted RDV infection more robustly. Our findings uncover a novel mechanism which RDV manipulates ethylene biosynthesis in the host plants to achieve efficient infection. Rice provides food for billions of people all over the world, but diseases caused by plant-infecting viruses cause serious risks to the production of rice. As a result, there is an urgent demand for developing new and impactful ways to help defend rice plants from harmful viruses. Toward this goal, it will be important to better understand how viruses actually cause diseases in plants. Plants make chemicals known as hormones to control their own development, and hormone production is often disturbed when viruses infect rice plants. Many viruses cause infected plants to make more of a gaseous hormone called ethylene, which benefits the viruses. Yet, it is still not known how virus infection induces the production of more ethylene. Zhao, Hong et al. have exposed rice plants to infection with a virus called rice dwarf virus. Infected plants made more ethylene than normal, which did indeed help the virus to infect. Further experiments then showed that an enzyme that makes one of the building blocks needed to produce ethylene became more active after infection with this virus. Next, Zhao, Hong et al. engineered rice plants to make more or less of this building block – which is known as S-adenosyl-L-methionine or SAM for short. Plants with too much SAM were less able to defend themselves against the virus, while plants that lacked SAM were better able to fight off viral infection. Zhao, Hong et al. suggest that engineering rice plants to make less of the SAM-producing enzyme could make them more resistant to viruses. Further work will also be needed to find out why ethylene benefits viral infection, and to confirm whether ethylene also performs similar roles when rice is infected with other viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianguo Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shaoyi Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuyi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Chunhong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinsong Zhang
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
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61
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Yin CC, Zhao H, Ma B, Chen SY, Zhang JS. Diverse Roles of Ethylene in Regulating Agronomic Traits in Rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1676. [PMID: 29018471 PMCID: PMC5622985 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Gaseous hormone ethylene has diverse effects in various plant processes. These processes include seed germination, plant growth, senescence, fruit ripening, biotic and abiotic stresses responses, and many other aspects. The biosynthesis and signaling of ethylene have been extensively studied in model Arabidopsis in the past two decades. However, knowledge about the ethylene signaling mechanism in crops and roles of ethylene in regulation of crop agronomic traits are still limited. Our recent findings demonstrate that rice possesses both conserved and diverged mechanism for ethylene signaling compared with Arabidopsis. Here, we mainly focused on the recent advances in ethylene regulation of important agronomic traits. Of special emphasis is its impact on rice growth, flowering, grain filling, and grain size control. Similarly, the influence of ethylene on other relevant crops will be compared. Additionally, interactions of ethylene with other hormones will also be discussed in terms of crop growth and development. Increasing insights into the roles and mechanisms of ethylene in regulating agronomic traits will contribute to improvement of crop production through precise manipulation of ethylene actions in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui-Cui Yin
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - He Zhao
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Biao Ma
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shou-Yi Chen
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Song Zhang
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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62
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The activation of OsEIL1 on YUC8 transcription and auxin biosynthesis is required for ethylene-inhibited root elongation in rice early seedling development. PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1006955. [PMID: 28829777 PMCID: PMC5581195 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Rice is an important monocotyledonous crop worldwide; it differs from the dicotyledonous plant Arabidopsis in many aspects. In Arabidopsis, ethylene and auxin act synergistically to regulate root growth and development. However, their interaction in rice is still unclear. Here, we report that the transcriptional activation of OsEIL1 on the expression of YUC8/REIN7 and indole-3-pyruvic acid (IPA)-dependent auxin biosynthesis is required for ethylene-inhibited root elongation. Using an inhibitor of YUC activity, which regulates auxin biosynthesis via the conversion of IPA to indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), we showed that ethylene-inhibited primary root elongation is dependent on YUC-based auxin biosynthesis. By screening phenotypes of seedling primary root from mutagenesis libraries following ethylene treatment, we identified a rice ethylene-insensitive mutant, rein7-1, in which YUC8/REIN7 is truncated at its C-terminus. Mutation in YUC8/REIN7 reduced auxin biosynthesis in rice, while YUC8/REIN7 overexpression enhanced ethylene sensitivity in the roots. Moreover, YUC8/REIN7 catalyzed the conversion of IPA to IAA, truncated version at C-terminal end of the YUC8/REIN7 resulted in significant reduction of enzymatic activity, indicating that YUC8/REIN7 is required for IPA-dependent auxin biosynthesis and ethylene-inhibited root elongation in rice early seedlings. Further investigations indicated that ethylene induced YUC8/REIN7 expression and promoted auxin accumulation in roots. Addition of low concentrations of IAA rescued the ethylene response in the rein7-1, strongly demonstrating that ethylene-inhibited root elongation depends on IPA-dependent auxin biosynthesis. Genetic studies revealed that YUC8/REIN7-mediated auxin biosynthesis functioned downstream of OsEIL1, which directly activated the expression of YUC8/REIN7. Thus, our findings reveal a model of interaction between ethylene and auxin in rice seedling primary root elongation, enhancing our understanding of ethylene signaling in rice. Rice is an important crop worldwide and is grown in water-saturated environments during its life cycle. This unique feature confers that rice might have different aspects from Arabidopsis in ethylene signaling. Although the crosstalk between ethylene and auxin is well understood in Arabidopsis, however, the interaction in rice is largely unclear. Here, we show that YUC8/REIN7, a member of the YUC gene family, catalyzing the conversion of IPA to IAA in auxin biosynthesis, is transcriptionally modulated by ethylene signaling component OsEIL1, and mainly participates in auxin biosynthesis and ethylene-inhibited root growth. We first identified that ethylene-inhibited root elongation is suppressed by the inhibitor of YUC activity, and YUC8/REIN7 is required for IPA-dependent auxin biosynthesis, indicating that YUC8/REIN7 is involved in ethylene-inhibited root elongation in rice early seedlings. Moreover, ethylene induced YUC8/REIN7 transcription and promoted auxin accumulation in roots. Addition of low concentrations of IAA rescued the ethylene response in the rein7-1, demonstrating that ethylene stimulates auxin biosynthesis dependent on YUC8/REIN7 function. Further evidence revealed that OsEIL1 transcriptionally activates the expression of YUC8/REIN7, and YUC8/REIN7-mediated auxin biosynthesis genetically acts downstream of OsEIL1. Our data in the present report identified an interaction between ethylene and auxin in rice seedling primary root elongation, increasing our understanding of ethylene signaling in rice root growth.
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63
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Yu M, Yau CP, Yip WK. Differentially localized rice ethylene receptors OsERS1 and OsETR2 and their potential role during submergence. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2017; 12:e1356532. [PMID: 28758833 PMCID: PMC5616157 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2017.1356532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Ethylene is gaseous plant hormone that controls a variety of physiologic activities. OsERS1 and OsETR2 are major ethylene receptors in rice that have been reported to have different regulatory functions. The GFP fused N-terminus of OsERS1 and OsETR2 showed differentially localization patterns when transiently expressed in onion epidermal cells. Base on these results, we suggested that OsERS1 could be localized to plasma membranes, whereas OsETR2 could be localized to the endoplasmic reticulum. Furthermore, instead of the constitutive expression profile of OsERS1, OsETR2 is differentially expressed in seedlings of light/dark-grown conditions, submergence or exogenous ethylene treatments. Our results and others support the notion that OsERS1 and OsETR2 could have different roles during rice plant submergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manda Yu
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chi Ping Yau
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wing Kin Yip
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- CONTACT Wing Kin Yip 7S09 Kadoorie Biological Sciences Building, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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64
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A Comprehensive Proteomic Survey of ABA-Induced Protein Phosphorylation in Rice (Oryza sativa L.). Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18010060. [PMID: 28054942 PMCID: PMC5297695 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18010060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
abscisic acid (ABA) is a key phytohormone regulating plant development and stress response. The signal transduction of ABA largely relies on protein phosphorylation. However; little is known about the phosphorylation events occurring during ABA signaling in rice thus far. By employing a label-free; MS (Mass Spectrometry)-based phosphoproteomic approach; we identified 2271 phosphosites of young rice seedlings and their intensity dynamics in response to ABA; during which 1060 proteins were found to be differentially phosphorylated. Western-blot analysis verified the differential phosphorylation pattern of D1, SMG1 and SAPK9 as indicated by the MS result; suggesting the high reliability of our phosphoproteomic data. The DP (differentially phosphorylated) proteins are extensively involved in ABA as well as other hormone signaling pathways. It is suggested that ABA antagonistically regulates brassinosteroid (BR) signaling via inhibiting BR receptor activity. The result of this study not only expanded our knowledge of rice phosphoproteome, but also shed more light on the pattern of protein phosphorylation in ABA signaling.
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65
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Ma B, Zhang JS. Analysis of Growth and Molecular Responses to Ethylene in Etiolated Rice Seedlings. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1573:237-243. [PMID: 28293850 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6854-1_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Ethylene plays a key role in various submergence responses of rice plants, but the mechanism of ethylene action remains largely unclear in rice. Regarding the differences between rice and Arabidopsis in ethylene-regulated processes, rice plants may possess divergent mechanisms in ethylene signaling in addition to the conserved aspects. Forward genetic analysis is essential to fully understand the ethylene signaling mechanism in rice. Here, we describe a method for screening ethylene-response mutants and evaluating ethylene responsiveness in etiolated rice seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Ma
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Jin-Song Zhang
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China.
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66
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Chen H, Zhang Q, Cai H, Xu F. Ethylene Mediates Alkaline-Induced Rice Growth Inhibition by Negatively Regulating Plasma Membrane H +-ATPase Activity in Roots. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1839. [PMID: 29114258 PMCID: PMC5660857 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
pH is an important factor regulating plant growth. Here, we found that rice was better adapted to low pH than alkaline conditions, as its growth was severely inhibited at high pH, with shorter root length and an extreme biomass reduction. Under alkaline stress, the expression of genes for ethylene biosynthesis enzymes in rice roots was strongly induced by high pH and exogenous ethylene precursor ACC and ethylene overproduction in etol1-1 mutant aggravated the alkaline stress-mediated inhibition of rice growth, especially for the root elongation with decreased cell length in root apical regions. Conversely, the ethylene perception antagonist silver (Ag+) and ein2-1 mutants could partly alleviate the alkaline-induced root elongation inhibition. The H+-ATPase activity was extremely inhibited by alkaline stress and exogenous ACC. However, the H+-ATPase-mediated rhizosphere acidification was enhanced by exogenous Ag+, while H+ efflux on the root surface was extremely inhibited by exogenous ACC, suggesting that ethylene negatively regulated H+-ATPase activity under high-pH stress. Our results demonstrate that H+-ATPase is involved in ethylene-mediated inhibition of rice growth under alkaline stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifei Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China
| | - Quan Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongmei Cai
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China
| | - Fangsen Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Fangsen Xu,
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67
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Merchante C, Stepanova AN. The Triple Response Assay and Its Use to Characterize Ethylene Mutants in Arabidopsis. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1573:163-209. [PMID: 28293847 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6854-1_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Exposure of plants to ethylene results in drastic morphological changes. Seedlings germinated in the dark in the presence of saturating concentrations of ethylene display a characteristic phenotype known as the triple response. This phenotype is robust and easy to score. In Arabidopsis the triple response is usually evaluated at 3 days post germination in seedlings grown in the dark in rich media supplemented with 10 μM of the ethylene precursor ACC in air or in unsupplemented media in the presence of 10 ppm ethylene. The triple response in Arabidopsis consists of shortening and thickening of hypocotyls and roots and exaggeration of the curvature of apical hooks. The search for Arabidopsis mutants that fail to show this phenotype in ethylene or, vice versa, display the triple response in the absence of exogenously supplied hormone has allowed the identification of the key components of the ethylene biosynthesis and signaling pathways. Herein, we describe a simple protocol for assaying the triple response in Arabidopsis. The method can also be employed in many other dicot species, with minor modifications to account for species-specific differences in germination. We also compiled a comprehensive table of ethylene-related mutants of Arabidopsis, including many lines with auxin-related defects, as wild-type levels of auxin biosynthesis, transport, signaling, and response are necessary for the normal response of plants to ethylene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catharina Merchante
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterranea (IHSM)-UMA-CSIC, Universidad de Málaga, 29071, Málaga, Spain
| | - Anna N Stepanova
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA. .,Genetics Graduate Program, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
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68
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Tao Y, Mace ES, Tai S, Cruickshank A, Campbell BC, Zhao X, Van Oosterom EJ, Godwin ID, Botella JR, Jordan DR. Whole-Genome Analysis of Candidate genes Associated with Seed Size and Weight in Sorghum bicolor Reveals Signatures of Artificial Selection and Insights into Parallel Domestication in Cereal Crops. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017. [PMID: 28769949 DOI: 10.3389/fp/s.2017.01237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Seed size and seed weight are major quality attributes and important determinants of yield that have been strongly selected for during crop domestication. Limited information is available about the genetic control and genes associated with seed size and weight in sorghum. This study identified sorghum orthologs of genes with proven effects on seed size and weight in other plant species and searched for evidence of selection during domestication by utilizing resequencing data from a diversity panel. In total, 114 seed size candidate genes were identified in sorghum, 63 of which exhibited signals of purifying selection during domestication. A significant number of these genes also had domestication signatures in maize and rice, consistent with the parallel domestication of seed size in cereals. Seed size candidate genes that exhibited differentially high expression levels in seed were also found more likely to be under selection during domestication, supporting the hypothesis that modification to seed size during domestication preferentially targeted genes for intrinsic seed size rather than genes associated with physiological factors involved in the carbohydrate supply and transport. Our results provide improved understanding of the complex genetic control of seed size and weight and the impact of domestication on these genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfu Tao
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, University of QueenslandWarwick, QLD, Australia
| | - Emma S Mace
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, University of QueenslandWarwick, QLD, Australia
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Hermitage Research FacilityWarwick, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Alan Cruickshank
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Hermitage Research FacilityWarwick, QLD, Australia
| | - Bradley C Campbell
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of QueenslandBrisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Xianrong Zhao
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, University of QueenslandWarwick, QLD, Australia
| | - Erik J Van Oosterom
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, University of QueenslandBrisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ian D Godwin
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of QueenslandBrisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jose R Botella
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of QueenslandBrisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - David R Jordan
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, University of QueenslandWarwick, QLD, Australia
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69
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Yang C, Li W, Cao J, Meng F, Yu Y, Huang J, Jiang L, Liu M, Zhang Z, Chen X, Miyamoto K, Yamane H, Zhang J, Chen S, Liu J. Activation of ethylene signaling pathways enhances disease resistance by regulating ROS and phytoalexin production in rice. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 89:338-353. [PMID: 27701783 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Ethylene plays diverse roles in plant growth, development and stress responses. However, the roles of ethylene signaling in immune responses remain largely unknown. In this study, we showed that the blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae infection activated ethylene biosynthesis in rice. Resistant rice cultivars accumulated higher levels of ethylene than susceptible ones. Ethylene signaling components OsEIN2 and the downstream transcription factor OsEIL1 positively regulated disease resistance. Mutation of OsEIN2 led to enhanced disease susceptibility. Whole-genome transcription analysis revealed that responsive genes of ethylene, jasmonates (JAs) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling as well as phytoalexin biosynthesis genes were remarkably induced. Transcription of OsrbohA/B, which encode NADPH oxidases, and OsOPRs, the JA biosynthesis genes, were induced by M. oryzae infection. Furthermore, we demonstrated that OsEIL1 binds to the promoters of OsrbohA/OsrbohB and OsOPR4 to activate their expression. These data suggest that OsEIN2-mediated OsrbohA/OsrbohB and OsOPR transcription may play essential roles in ROS generation, JA biosynthesis and the subsequent phytoalexin accumulation. Therefore, the involvement of ethylene signaling in disease resistance is probably by activation of ROS and phytoalexin production in rice during M. oryzae infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Wen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jidong Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Fanwei Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yongqi Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Junkai Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Lan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Muxing Liu
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zhengguang Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xuewei Chen
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Koji Miyamoto
- Department of Biosciences, Teikyo University, 1-1 Toyosatodai, Utsunomiya, 320-8551, Japan
| | - Hisakazu Yamane
- Department of Biosciences, Teikyo University, 1-1 Toyosatodai, Utsunomiya, 320-8551, Japan
| | - Jinsong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Shouyi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
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70
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Tao Y, Mace ES, Tai S, Cruickshank A, Campbell BC, Zhao X, Van Oosterom EJ, Godwin ID, Botella JR, Jordan DR. Whole-Genome Analysis of Candidate genes Associated with Seed Size and Weight in Sorghum bicolor Reveals Signatures of Artificial Selection and Insights into Parallel Domestication in Cereal Crops. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1237. [PMID: 28769949 PMCID: PMC5513986 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Seed size and seed weight are major quality attributes and important determinants of yield that have been strongly selected for during crop domestication. Limited information is available about the genetic control and genes associated with seed size and weight in sorghum. This study identified sorghum orthologs of genes with proven effects on seed size and weight in other plant species and searched for evidence of selection during domestication by utilizing resequencing data from a diversity panel. In total, 114 seed size candidate genes were identified in sorghum, 63 of which exhibited signals of purifying selection during domestication. A significant number of these genes also had domestication signatures in maize and rice, consistent with the parallel domestication of seed size in cereals. Seed size candidate genes that exhibited differentially high expression levels in seed were also found more likely to be under selection during domestication, supporting the hypothesis that modification to seed size during domestication preferentially targeted genes for intrinsic seed size rather than genes associated with physiological factors involved in the carbohydrate supply and transport. Our results provide improved understanding of the complex genetic control of seed size and weight and the impact of domestication on these genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfu Tao
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, University of QueenslandWarwick, QLD, Australia
- *Correspondence: Yongfu Tao
| | - Emma S. Mace
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, University of QueenslandWarwick, QLD, Australia
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Hermitage Research FacilityWarwick, QLD, Australia
- Emma S. Mace
| | | | - Alan Cruickshank
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Hermitage Research FacilityWarwick, QLD, Australia
| | - Bradley C. Campbell
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of QueenslandBrisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Xianrong Zhao
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, University of QueenslandWarwick, QLD, Australia
| | - Erik J. Van Oosterom
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, University of QueenslandBrisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ian D. Godwin
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of QueenslandBrisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jose R. Botella
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of QueenslandBrisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - David R. Jordan
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, University of QueenslandWarwick, QLD, Australia
- David R. Jordan
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71
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Hou Y, Qiu J, Wang Y, Li Z, Zhao J, Tong X, Lin H, Zhang J. A Quantitative Proteomic Analysis of Brassinosteroid-induced Protein Phosphorylation in Rice ( Oryza sativa L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:514. [PMID: 28439285 PMCID: PMC5383725 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The group of polyhydroxysteroid phytohormones referred to as the brassinosteroids (BRs) is known to act on plant development and the stress response. BR signal transduction relies largely on protein phosphorylation. By employing a label-free, MS (Mass Spectrometry)-based phosphoproteomic approach, we report here the largest profiling of 4,034 phosphosites on 1,900 phosphoproteins from rice young seedlings and their dynamic response to BR. 1,821 proteins, including kinases, transcription factors and core components of BR and other hormone signaling pathways, were found to be differentially phosphorylated during the BR treatment. A Western blot analysis verified the differential phosphorylation of five of these proteins, implying that the MS-based phosphoproteomic data were robust. It is proposed that the dephosphorylation of gibberellin (GA) signaling components could represent an important mechanism for the BR-regulated antagonism to GA, and that BR influences the plant architecture of rice by regulating cellulose synthesis via phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Hou
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research InstituteHangzhou, China
| | - Jiehua Qiu
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research InstituteHangzhou, China
| | - Yifeng Wang
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research InstituteHangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyong Li
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research InstituteHangzhou, China
| | - Juan Zhao
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research InstituteHangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohong Tong
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research InstituteHangzhou, China
| | - Haiyan Lin
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research InstituteHangzhou, China
- Agricultural Genomes Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesShenzhen, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research InstituteHangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jian Zhang,
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72
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Comparative transcriptome profiling of chilling tolerant rice chromosome segment substitution line in response to early chilling stress. Genes Genomics 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s13258-016-0471-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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73
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Li Z, Tang L, Qiu J, Zhang W, Wang Y, Tong X, Wei X, Hou Y, Zhang J. Serine carboxypeptidase 46 Regulates Grain Filling and Seed Germination in Rice (Oryza sativa L.). PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159737. [PMID: 27448032 PMCID: PMC4957776 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Serine carboxypeptidase (SCP) is one of the largest groups of enzymes catalyzing proteolysis for functional protein maturation. To date, little is known about the function of SCPs in rice. In this study, we present a comprehensive analysis of the gene structure and expression profile of 59 rice SCPs. SCP46 is dominantly expressed in developing seeds, particularly in embryo, endosperm and aleurone layers, and could be induced by ABA. Functional characterization revealed that knock-down of SCP46 resulted in smaller grain size and enhanced seed germination. Furthermore, scp46 seed germination became less sensitive to the ABA inhibition than the Wild-type did; suggesting SCP46 is involved in ABA signaling. As indicated by RNA-seq and qRT-PCR analysis, numerous grain filling and seed dormancy related genes, such as SP, VP1 and AGPs were down-regulated in scp46. Yeast-two-hybrid assay also showed that SCP46 interacts with another ABA-inducible protein DI19-1. Taken together, we suggested that SCP46 is a master regulator of grain filling and seed germination, possibly via participating in the ABA signaling. The results of this study shed novel light into the roles of SCPs in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Li
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 311400, P.R. China
| | - Liqun Tang
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 311400, P.R. China
| | - Jiehua Qiu
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 311400, P.R. China
| | - Wen Zhang
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 311400, P.R. China
| | - Yifeng Wang
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 311400, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohong Tong
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 311400, P.R. China
| | - Xiangjin Wei
- China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 311400, P.R. China
| | - Yuxuan Hou
- China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 311400, P.R. China
| | - Jian Zhang
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 311400, P.R. China
- * E-mail:
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74
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Yin CC, Ma B, Wang W, Xiong Q, Zhao H, Chen SY, Zhang JS. RNA Extraction and Preparation in Rice (Oryza sativa). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 1:411-418. [DOI: 10.1002/cppb.20023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cui-Cui Yin
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Biao Ma
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Wei Wang
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Qing Xiong
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
| | - He Zhao
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Shou-Yi Chen
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Jin-Song Zhang
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
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75
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Xiao G, Qin H, Zhou J, Quan R, Lu X, Huang R, Zhang H. OsERF2 controls rice root growth and hormone responses through tuning expression of key genes involved in hormone signaling and sucrose metabolism. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 90:293-302. [PMID: 26659593 PMCID: PMC4717165 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-015-0416-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Root determines plant distribution, development progresses, stress response, as well as crop qualities and yields, which is under the tight control of genetic programs and environmental stimuli. Ethylene responsive factor proteins (ERFs) play important roles in plant growth and development. Here, the regulatory function of OsERF2 involved in root growth was investigated using the gain-function mutant of OsERF2 (nsf2857) and the artificial microRNA-mediated silenced lines of OsERF2 (Ami-OsERF2). nsf2857 showed short primary roots compared with the wild type (WT), while the primary roots of Ami-OsERF2 lines were longer than those of WT. Consistent with this phenotype, several auxin/cytokinin responsive genes involved in root growth were downregulated in nsf2857, but upregulated in Ami-OsERF2. Then, we found that nsf2857 seedlings exhibited decreased ABA accumulation and sensitivity to ABA and reduced ethylene-mediated root inhibition, while those were the opposite in Ami-ERF2 plants. Moreover, several key genes involved in ABA synthesis were downregulated in nsf2857, but unregulated in Ami-ERF2 lines. In addition, OsERF2 affected the accumulation of sucrose and UDPG by mediating expression of key genes involved in sucrose metabolism. These results indicate that OsERF2 is required for the control of root architecture and ABA- and ethylene-response by tuning expression of series genes involved in sugar metabolism and hormone signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiqing Xiao
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, People's Republic of China
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Qin
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiahao Zhou
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruidang Quan
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyang Lu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, People's Republic of China.
| | - Rongfeng Huang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China.
| | - Haiwen Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China.
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76
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Rai MI, Wang X, Thibault DM, Kim HJ, Bombyk MM, Binder BM, Shakeel SN, Schaller GE. The ARGOS gene family functions in a negative feedback loop to desensitize plants to ethylene. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 15:157. [PMID: 26105742 PMCID: PMC4478640 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-015-0554-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ethylene plays critical roles in plant growth and development, including the regulation of cell expansion, senescence, and the response to biotic and abiotic stresses. Elements of the initial signal transduction pathway have been determined, but we are still defining regulatory mechanisms by which the sensitivity of plants to ethylene is modulated. RESULTS We report here that members of the ARGOS gene family of Arabidopsis, previously implicated in the regulation of plant growth and biomass, function as negative feedback regulators of ethylene signaling. Expression of all four members of the ARGOS family is induced by ethylene, but this induction is blocked in ethylene-insensitive mutants. The dose dependence for ethylene induction varies among the ARGOS family members, suggesting that they could modulate responses across a range of ethylene concentrations. GFP-fusions of ARGOS and ARL localize to the endoplasmic reticulum, the same subcellular location as the ethylene receptors and other initial components of the ethylene signaling pathway. Seedlings with increased expression of ARGOS family members exhibit reduced ethylene sensitivity based on physiological and molecular responses. CONCLUSIONS These results support a model in which the ARGOS gene family functions as part of a negative feedback circuit to desensitize the plant to ethylene, thereby expanding the range of ethylene concentrations to which the plant can respond. These results also indicate that the effects of the ARGOS gene family on plant growth and biomass are mediated through effects on ethylene signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muneeza Iqbal Rai
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry, Quaid-i-azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA.
| | - Derek M Thibault
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA.
| | - Hyo Jung Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA.
| | - Matthew M Bombyk
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA.
| | - Brad M Binder
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular & Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA.
| | - Samina N Shakeel
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry, Quaid-i-azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
| | - G Eric Schaller
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA.
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Sekhar S, Panda BB, Mohapatra T, Das K, Shaw BP, Kariali E, Mohapatra PK. Spikelet-specific variation in ethylene production and constitutive expression of ethylene receptors and signal transducers during grain filling of compact- and lax-panicle rice (Oryza sativa) cultivars. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 179:21-34. [PMID: 25817414 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2015.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2014] [Revised: 03/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Grain yields in modern super rice cultivars do not always meet the expectations because many spikelets are located on secondary branches in closely packed homogeneous distribution in these plants, and they do not fill properly. The factors limiting grain filling of such spikelets, especially in the lower panicle branches, are elusive. Two long-duration rice cultivars differing in panicle density, Mahalaxmi (compact) and Upahar (lax), were cultivated in an open field plot. Grain filling, ethylene production and constitutive expression of ethylene receptors and ethylene signal transducers in apical and basal spikelets of the panicle were compared during the early post-anthesis stage, which is the most critical period for grain development. In another experiment, a similar assessment was made for the medium-duration cultivars compact-panicle OR-1918 and lax-panicle Lalat. Grain weight of the apical spikelets was always higher than that of the basal spikelets. This gradient of grain weight was wide in the compact-panicle cultivars and narrow in the lax-panicle cultivars. Compared to apical spikelets, the basal spikelets produced more ethylene at anthesis and retained the capacity for post-anthesis expression of ethylene receptors and ethylene signal transducers longer. High ethylene production enhanced the expression of the RSR1 gene, but reduced expression of the GBSS1 gene. Ethylene inhibited the partitioning of assimilates of developing grains resulting in low starch biosynthesis and high accumulation of soluble carbohydrates. It is concluded that an increase in grain/spikelet density in rice panicles reduces apical dominance to the detriment of grain filling by production of ethylene and/or enhanced perception of the ethylene signal. Ethylene could be a second messenger for apical dominance in grain filling. The manipulation of the ethylene signal would possibly improve rice grain yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhanshu Sekhar
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar 751023, Odisha, India
| | - Binay B Panda
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar 751023, Odisha, India
| | - Trupti Mohapatra
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar 751023, Odisha, India
| | - Kaushik Das
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar 751023, Odisha, India
| | - Birendra P Shaw
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar 751023, Odisha, India
| | - Ekamber Kariali
- School of Life Science, Sambalpur University, Jyoti Vihar, Sambalpur 768019, Odisha, India
| | - Pravat K Mohapatra
- School of Life Science, Sambalpur University, Jyoti Vihar, Sambalpur 768019, Odisha, India.
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78
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Yang C, Lu X, Ma B, Chen SY, Zhang JS. Ethylene signaling in rice and Arabidopsis: conserved and diverged aspects. MOLECULAR PLANT 2015; 8:495-505. [PMID: 25732590 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2015.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Ethylene as a gas phytohormone plays significant roles in the whole life cycle of plants, ranging from growth and development to stress responses. A linear ethylene signaling pathway has been established in the dicotyledonous model plant Arabidopsis. However, the ethylene signaling mechanism in monocotyledonous plants such as rice is largely unclear. In this review, we compare the ethylene response phenotypes of dark-grown seedlings of Arabidopsis, rice, and other monocotyledonous plants (maize, wheat, sorghum, and Brachypodium distachyon) and pinpoint that rice has a distinct phenotype of root inhibition but coleoptile promotion in etiolated seedlings upon ethylene treatment. We further summarize the homologous genes of Arabidopsis ethylene signaling components in these monocotyledonous plants and discuss recent progress. Although conserved in most aspects, ethylene signaling in rice has evolved new features compared with that in Arabidopsis. These analyses provide novel insights into the understanding of ethylene signaling in the dicotyledonous Arabidopsis and monocotyledonous plants, particularly rice. Further characterization of rice ethylene-responsive mutants and their corresponding genes will help us better understand the whole picture of ethylene signaling mechanisms in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yang
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiang Lu
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Biao Ma
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Shou-Yi Chen
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jin-Song Zhang
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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79
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Yin CC, Ma B, Collinge DP, Pogson BJ, He SJ, Xiong Q, Duan KX, Chen H, Yang C, Lu X, Wang YQ, Zhang WK, Chu CC, Sun XH, Fang S, Chu JF, Lu TG, Chen SY, Zhang JS. Ethylene responses in rice roots and coleoptiles are differentially regulated by a carotenoid isomerase-mediated abscisic acid pathway. THE PLANT CELL 2015; 27:1061-81. [PMID: 25841037 PMCID: PMC4558702 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.15.00080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Ethylene and abscisic acid (ABA) act synergistically or antagonistically to regulate plant growth and development. ABA is derived from the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway. Here, we analyzed the interplay among ethylene, carotenoid biogenesis, and ABA in rice (Oryza sativa) using the rice ethylene response mutant mhz5, which displays a reduced ethylene response in roots but an enhanced ethylene response in coleoptiles. We found that MHZ5 encodes a carotenoid isomerase and that the mutation in mhz5 blocks carotenoid biosynthesis, reduces ABA accumulation, and promotes ethylene production in etiolated seedlings. ABA can largely rescue the ethylene response of the mhz5 mutant. Ethylene induces MHZ5 expression, the production of neoxanthin, an ABA biosynthesis precursor, and ABA accumulation in roots. MHZ5 overexpression results in enhanced ethylene sensitivity in roots and reduced ethylene sensitivity in coleoptiles. Mutation or overexpression of MHZ5 also alters the expression of ethylene-responsive genes. Genetic studies revealed that the MHZ5-mediated ABA pathway acts downstream of ethylene signaling to inhibit root growth. The MHZ5-mediated ABA pathway likely acts upstream but negatively regulates ethylene signaling to control coleoptile growth. Our study reveals novel interactions among ethylene, carotenogenesis, and ABA and provides insight into improvements in agronomic traits and adaptive growth through the manipulation of these pathways in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui-Cui Yin
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Biao Ma
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Derek Phillip Collinge
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | - Barry James Pogson
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | - Si-Jie He
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Qing Xiong
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kai-Xuan Duan
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hui Chen
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chao Yang
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiang Lu
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yi-Qin Wang
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Wan-Ke Zhang
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Cheng-Cai Chu
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Sun
- National Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Shuang Fang
- National Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jin-Fang Chu
- National Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Tie-Gang Lu
- Biotechnology Research Institute/National Key Facility for Genetic Resources and Gene Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shou-Yi Chen
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jin-Song Zhang
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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80
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Dey S, Corina Vlot A. Ethylene responsive factors in the orchestration of stress responses in monocotyledonous plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:640. [PMID: 26379679 PMCID: PMC4552142 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The APETALA2/Ethylene-Responsive Factor (AP2/ERF) superfamily of transcription factors (TFs) regulates physiological, developmental and stress responses. Most of the AP2/ERF TFs belong to the ERF family in both dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous plants. ERFs are implicated in the responses to both biotic and abiotic stress and occasionally impart multiple stress tolerance. Studies have revealed that ERF gene function is conserved in dicots and monocots. Moreover, successful stress tolerance phenotypes are observed on expression in heterologous systems, making ERFs promising candidates for engineering stress tolerance in plants. In this review, we summarize the role of ERFs in general stress tolerance, including responses to biotic and abiotic stress factors, and endeavor to understand the cascade of ERF regulation resulting in successful signal-to-response translation in monocotyledonous plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A. Corina Vlot
- *Correspondence: A. Corina Vlot, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Department of Environmental Sciences, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany,
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81
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Tao JJ, Chen HW, Ma B, Zhang WK, Chen SY, Zhang JS. The Role of Ethylene in Plants Under Salinity Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:1059. [PMID: 26640476 PMCID: PMC4661241 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.01059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Although the roles of ethylene in plant response to salinity and other stresses have been extensively studied, there are still some obscure points left to be clarified. Generally, in Arabidopsis and many other terrestrial plants, ethylene signaling is indispensable for plant rapid response and tolerance to salinity stress. However, a few studies showed that functional knock-out of some ACSs increased plant salinity-tolerance, while overexpression of them caused more sensitivity. This seems to be contradictory to the known opinion that ethylene plays positive roles in salinity response. Differently, ethylene in rice may play negative roles in regulating seedling tolerance to salinity. The main positive ethylene signaling components MHZ7/OsEIN2, MHZ6/OsEIL1, and OsEIL2 all negatively regulate the salinity-tolerance of rice seedlings. Recently, several different research groups all proposed a negative feedback mechanism of coordinating plant growth and ethylene response, in which several ethylene-inducible proteins (including NtTCTP, NEIP2 in tobacco, AtSAUR76/77/78, and AtARGOS) act as inhibitors of ethylene response but activators of plant growth. Therefore, in addition to a summary of the general roles of ethylene biosynthesis and signaling in salinity response, this review mainly focused on discussing (i) the discrepancies between ethylene biosynthesis and signaling in salinity response, (ii) the divergence between rice and Arabidopsis in regulation of salinity response by ethylene, and (iii) the possible negative feedback mechanism of coordinating plant growth and salinity response by ethylene.
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82
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Ma B, Yin CC, He SJ, Lu X, Zhang WK, Lu TG, Chen SY, Zhang JS. Ethylene-induced inhibition of root growth requires abscisic acid function in rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings. PLoS Genet 2014; 10:e1004701. [PMID: 25330236 PMCID: PMC4199509 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethylene and abscisic acid (ABA) have a complicated interplay in many developmental processes. Their interaction in rice is largely unclear. Here, we characterized a rice ethylene-response mutant mhz4, which exhibited reduced ethylene-response in roots but enhanced ethylene-response in coleoptiles of etiolated seedlings. MHZ4 was identified through map-based cloning and encoded a chloroplast-localized membrane protein homologous to Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) ABA4, which is responsible for a branch of ABA biosynthesis. MHZ4 mutation reduced ABA level, but promoted ethylene production. Ethylene induced MHZ4 expression and promoted ABA accumulation in roots. MHZ4 overexpression resulted in enhanced and reduced ethylene response in roots and coleoptiles, respectively. In root, MHZ4-dependent ABA pathway acts at or downstream of ethylene receptors and positively regulates root ethylene response. This ethylene-ABA interaction mode is different from that reported in Arabidopsis, where ethylene-mediated root inhibition is independent of ABA function. In coleoptile, MHZ4-dependent ABA pathway acts at or upstream of OsEIN2 to negatively regulate coleoptile ethylene response, possibly by affecting OsEIN2 expression. At mature stage, mhz4 mutation affects branching and adventitious root formation on stem nodes of higher positions, as well as yield-related traits. Together, our findings reveal a novel mode of interplay between ethylene and ABA in control of rice growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Ma
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cui-Cui Yin
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Si-Jie He
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang Lu
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wan-Ke Zhang
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tie-Gang Lu
- Biotechnology Research Institute/National Key Facility for Genetic Resources and Gene Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shou-Yi Chen
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Song Zhang
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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83
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Liu YF, Li QT, Lu X, Song QX, Lam SM, Zhang WK, Ma B, Lin Q, Man WQ, Du WG, Shui GH, Chen SY, Zhang JS. Soybean GmMYB73 promotes lipid accumulation in transgenic plants. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 14:73. [PMID: 24655684 PMCID: PMC3998039 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-14-73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soybean is one of the most important oil crops. The regulatory genes involved in oil accumulation are largely unclear. We initiated studies to identify genes that regulate this process. RESULTS One MYB-type gene GmMYB73 was found to display differential expression in soybean seeds of different developing stages by microarray analysis and was further investigated for its functions in lipid accumulation. GmMYB73 is a small protein with single MYB repeat and has similarity to CPC-like MYB proteins from Arabidopsis. GmMYB73 interacted with GL3 and EGL3, and then suppressed GL2, a negative regulator of oil accumulation. GmMYB73 overexpression enhanced lipid contents in both seeds and leaves of transgenic Arabidopsis plants. Seed length and thousand-seed weight were also promoted. GmMYB73 introduction into the Arabidopsis try cpc double mutant rescued the total lipids, seed size and thousand-seed weight. GmMYB73 also elevated lipid levels in seeds and leaves of transgenic Lotus, and in transgenic hairy roots of soybean plants. GmMYB73 promoted PLDα1 expression, whose promoter can be bound and inhibited by GL2. PLDα1 mutation reduced triacylglycerol levels mildly in seeds but significantly in leaves of Arabidopsis plants. CONCLUSIONS GmMYB73 may reduce GL2, and then release GL2-inhibited PLDα1 expression for lipid accumulation. Manipulation of GmMYB73 may potentially improve oil production in legume crop plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Feng Liu
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Qing-Tian Li
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiang Lu
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Qing-Xin Song
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Sin-Man Lam
- State Key Lab of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Wan-Ke Zhang
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Biao Ma
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Qing Lin
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Wei-Qun Man
- Institute of Soybean Research, Heilongjiang Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Wei-Guang Du
- Institute of Soybean Research, Heilongjiang Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Guang-Hou Shui
- State Key Lab of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Shou-Yi Chen
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jin-Song Zhang
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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84
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Chen LJ, Wuriyanghan H, Zhang YQ, Duan KX, Chen HW, Li QT, Lu X, He SJ, Ma B, Zhang WK, Lin Q, Chen SY, Zhang JS. An S-domain receptor-like kinase, OsSIK2, confers abiotic stress tolerance and delays dark-induced leaf senescence in rice. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 163:1752-65. [PMID: 24143807 PMCID: PMC3850199 DOI: 10.1104/pp.113.224881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Receptor-like kinases play important roles in plant development and defense responses; however, their functions in other processes remain unclear. Here, we report that OsSIK2, an S-domain receptor-like kinase from rice (Oryza sativa), is involved in abiotic stress and the senescence process. OsSIK2 is a plasma membrane-localized protein with kinase activity in the presence of Mn(2+). OsSIK2 is expressed mainly in rice leaf and sheath and can be induced by NaCl, drought, cold, dark, and abscisic acid treatment. Transgenic plants overexpressing OsSIK2 and mutant sik2 exhibit enhanced and reduced tolerance to salt and drought stress, respectively, compared with the controls. Interestingly, a truncated version of OsSIK2 without most of the extracellular region confers higher salt tolerance than the full-length OsSIK2, likely through the activation of different sets of downstream genes. Moreover, seedlings of OsSIK2-overexpressing transgenic plants exhibit early leaf development and a delayed dark-induced senescence phenotype, while mutant sik2 shows the opposite phenotype. The downstream PR-related genes specifically up-regulated by full-length OsSIK2 or the DREB-like genes solely enhanced by truncated OsSIK2 are all induced by salt, drought, and dark treatments. These results indicate that OsSIK2 may integrate stress signals into a developmental program for better adaptive growth under unfavorable conditions. Manipulation of OsSIK2 should facilitate the improvement of production in rice and other crops.
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