51
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Bonnet S, Boucherat O, Paulin R, Wu D, Hindmarch CCT, Archer SL, Song R, Moore JB, Provencher S, Zhang L, Uchida S. Clinical value of non-coding RNAs in cardiovascular, pulmonary, and muscle diseases. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2019; 318:C1-C28. [PMID: 31483703 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00078.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Although a majority of the mammalian genome is transcribed to RNA, mounting evidence indicates that only a minor proportion of these transcriptional products are actually translated into proteins. Since the discovery of the first non-coding RNA (ncRNA) in the 1980s, the field has gone on to recognize ncRNAs as important molecular regulators of RNA activity and protein function, knowledge of which has stimulated the expansion of a scientific field that quests to understand the role of ncRNAs in cellular physiology, tissue homeostasis, and human disease. Although our knowledge of these molecules has significantly improved over the years, we have limited understanding of their precise functions, protein interacting partners, and tissue-specific activities. Adding to this complexity, it remains unknown exactly how many ncRNAs there are in existence. The increased use of high-throughput transcriptomics techniques has rapidly expanded the list of ncRNAs, which now includes classical ncRNAs (e.g., ribosomal RNAs and transfer RNAs), microRNAs, and long ncRNAs. In addition, splicing by-products of protein-coding genes and ncRNAs, so-called circular RNAs, are now being investigated. Because there is substantial heterogeneity in the functions of ncRNAs, we have summarized the present state of knowledge regarding the functions of ncRNAs in heart, lungs, and skeletal muscle. This review highlights the pathophysiologic relevance of these ncRNAs in the context of human cardiovascular, pulmonary, and muscle diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Bonnet
- Pulmonary Hypertension and Vascular Biology Research Group, Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Department of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Olivier Boucherat
- Pulmonary Hypertension and Vascular Biology Research Group, Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Department of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Roxane Paulin
- Pulmonary Hypertension and Vascular Biology Research Group, Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Department of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Danchen Wu
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Charles C T Hindmarch
- Queen's Cardiopulmonary Unit, Translational Institute of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephen L Archer
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rui Song
- Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
| | - Joseph B Moore
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky.,The Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Steeve Provencher
- Pulmonary Hypertension and Vascular Biology Research Group, Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Department of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Lubo Zhang
- Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
| | - Shizuka Uchida
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky.,The Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky.,Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
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52
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Pinchi E, Frati P, Aromatario M, Cipolloni L, Fabbri M, La Russa R, Maiese A, Neri M, Santurro A, Scopetti M, Viola RV, Turillazzi E, Fineschi V. miR-1, miR-499 and miR-208 are sensitive markers to diagnose sudden death due to early acute myocardial infarction. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:6005-6016. [PMID: 31240830 PMCID: PMC6714215 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are strongly up-regulated under pathological stress and in a wide range of diseases. In recent years, miRNAs are under investigation for their potential use as biomarkers in cardiovascular diseases. We investigate whether specific cardio-miRNAs are overexpressed in heart samples from subjects deceased for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) or sudden cardiac death (SCD), and whether miRNA could help differentiate between them. Forty four cases of death due to cardiovascular disease were selected, respectively, 19 cases categorized as AMI and 25 as SCD. Eighteen cases of traumatic death without pathological cardiac involvement were selected as control. Immunohistochemical investigation was performed for CD15, IL-15, Cx43, MCP-1, tryptase, troponin C and troponin I. Reverse transcription and quantitative real-time PCR were performed for miR-1, miR-133, miR-208 and miR-499. In AMI group, stronger immunoreaction for the CD15, IL-15 and MCP-1 antibodies was detectable compared with SCD and control. Cx43 showed a negative reaction with respect to the other groups. Real-time PCR results showed a down-regulation of all miRNAs in the AMI group compared with SCD and control. The selected miRNAs presented high accuracy in discriminating SCD from AMI (miR-1 and miR-499) and AMI from control (miR-208) representing a potential aid for both clinicians and pathologists for differential diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrica Pinchi
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopaedic SciencesSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Paola Frati
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopaedic SciencesSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
- IRCSS Neuromed Mediterranean Neurological InstitutePozzilliItaly
| | - Mariarosaria Aromatario
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopaedic SciencesSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Luigi Cipolloni
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopaedic SciencesSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Matteo Fabbri
- Department of Morphology, Experimental Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of FerraraFerraraItaly
| | - Raffaele La Russa
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopaedic SciencesSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
- IRCSS Neuromed Mediterranean Neurological InstitutePozzilliItaly
| | - Aniello Maiese
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopaedic SciencesSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Margherita Neri
- Department of Morphology, Experimental Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of FerraraFerraraItaly
| | - Alessandro Santurro
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopaedic SciencesSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Matteo Scopetti
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopaedic SciencesSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Rocco Valerio Viola
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopaedic SciencesSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Emanuela Turillazzi
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care MedicineUniversity of PisaPisaItaly
| | - Vittorio Fineschi
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopaedic SciencesSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
- IRCSS Neuromed Mediterranean Neurological InstitutePozzilliItaly
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53
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Qin J, Sun Y, Liu S, Zhao R, Zhang Q, Pang W. MicroRNA-323-3p promotes myogenesis by targeting Smad2. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:18751-18761. [PMID: 31218742 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is an important and complex organ with multiple biological functions in humans and animals. Proliferation and differentiation of myoblasts are the key steps during the development of skeletal muscle. MicroRNA (miRNA) is a class of 21-nucleotide noncoding RNAs regulating gene expression by combining with the 3'-untranslated region of target messenger RNA. Many studies in recent years have suggested that miRNAs play a critical role in myogenesis. Through high-throughput sequencing, we found that miR-323-3p showed significant changes in the longissimus dorsi muscle of Rongchang pigs in different age groups. In this study, we discovered that overexpression of miR-323-3p repressed myoblast proliferation and promoted differentiation, whereas the inhibitor of miR-323-3p displayed the opposite results. Furthermore, we predicted Smad2 as the target gene of miR-323-3p and found that miR-323-3p directly modulated the expression level of Smad2. Then luciferase reporter assays verified that Smad2 was a target gene of miR-323-3p during the differentiation of myoblasts. These findings reveal that miR-323-3p is a positive regulator of myogenesis by targeting Smad2. This provides a novel mechanism of miRNAs in myogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Qin
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition and Muscle Development, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yunmei Sun
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition and Muscle Development, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shuge Liu
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition and Muscle Development, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Rui Zhao
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition and Muscle Development, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qiyue Zhang
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition and Muscle Development, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Weijun Pang
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition and Muscle Development, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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54
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Mir BA, Islam R, Kalanon M, Russell AP, Foletta VC. MicroRNA suppression of stress-responsive NDRG2 during dexamethasone treatment in skeletal muscle cells. BMC Mol Cell Biol 2019; 20:12. [PMID: 31138100 PMCID: PMC6537443 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-019-0194-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are increasingly being identified as modulatory molecules for physiological and pathological processes in muscle. Here, we investigated whether miRNAs influenced the expression of the stress-responsive gene N-myc downstream-regulated gene 2 (Ndrg2) in skeletal muscle cells through the targeted degradation or translation inhibition of NDRG2 mRNA transcripts during basal or catabolic stress conditions. Results Three miRNAs, mmu-miR-23a-3p (miR-23a), mmu-miR-23b-3p (miR-23b) and mmu-miR-28-5p (miR-28), were identified using an in silico approach and confirmed to target the 3′ untranslated region of the mouse Ndrg2 gene through luciferase reporter assays. However, miR-23a, -23b or -28 overexpression had no influence on NDRG2 mRNA or protein levels up to 48 h post treatment in mouse C2C12 myotubes under basal conditions. Interestingly, a compensatory decrease in the endogenous levels of the miRNAs in response to each other’s overexpression was measured. Furthermore, dexamethasone, a catabolic stress agent that induces NDRG2 expression, decreased miR-23a and miR-23b endogenous levels at 24 h post treatment suggesting an interplay between these miRNAs and NDRG2 regulation under similar stress conditions. Accordingly, when overexpressed simultaneously, miR-23a, -23b and -28 attenuated the dexamethasone-induced increase of NDRG2 protein translation but did not affect Ndrg2 gene expression. Conclusion These findings highlight modulatory and co-regulatory roles for miR-23a, -23b and -28 and their novel regulation of NDRG2 during stress conditions in muscle. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12860-019-0194-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal A Mir
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Science, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3222, Australia
| | - Rabia Islam
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Science, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3222, Australia
| | - Ming Kalanon
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Science, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3222, Australia
| | - Aaron P Russell
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Science, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3222, Australia
| | - Victoria C Foletta
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Science, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3222, Australia.
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55
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Wang J, Aydoğdu E, Mukhopadhyay S, Helguero LA, Williams C. A miR-206 regulated gene landscape enhances mammary epithelial differentiation. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:22220-22233. [PMID: 31069797 PMCID: PMC6767383 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
miR‐206 is known to suppress breast cancer. However, while it is expressed in mammary stem cells, its function in such nontumor cells is not well understood. Here, we explore the role of miR‐206 in undifferentiated, stem‐like mammary cells using the murine mammary differentiation model HC11, genome‐wide gene expression analysis, and functional assays. We describe the miR‐206‐regulated gene landscape and propose a network whereby miR‐206 suppresses tumor development. We functionally demonstrate that miR‐206 in nontumor stem‐like cells induces a G1–S cell cycle arrest, and reduces colony formation and epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition markers. Finally, we show that addition of miR‐206 accelerates the mammary differentiation process along with related accumulation of lipids. We conclude that miR‐206 impacts a network of signaling pathways, and acts as a regulator of proliferation, stemness, and mammary cell differentiation in nontumor stem‐like mammary cells. Our study provides a broad insight into the breast cancer suppressive functions of miR‐206.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, University of Houston, Texas.,Department of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Science for Life Laboratories, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eylem Aydoğdu
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, University of Houston, Texas.,Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Srijita Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, University of Houston, Texas
| | - Luisa A Helguero
- Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Cecilia Williams
- Department of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Science for Life Laboratories, Stockholm, Sweden
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56
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Zhou J, Fu Y, Liu K, Hou L, Zhang W. miR-206 regulates alveolar type II epithelial cell Cx43 expression in sepsis-induced acute lung injury. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:296-304. [PMID: 31258665 PMCID: PMC6566111 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the relationship between connexin 43 (Cx43) expression in alveolar type II epithelial cells (ATII) and alveolar air-blood barrier permeability, and the effect of microRNA-206 (miR-206) on the expression of Cx43 in sepsis-induced acute lung injury. For the in vivo study, rats were divided into the sham, caecum ligation and perforation (CLP), CLP+Cx43 inhibitors (Cx43-In) and CLP+miR-206 analogs (miR-206-Mi) groups. CLP method was used to prepare an acute lung injury model of sepsis. Following successful modeling, lung tissue was collected for hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, and the wet to dry weight ratio (W/D) and protein content in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were detected. Cx43 expression in lung tissue was determined by immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis. Additionally, miR-206 and Cx43 expression levels in lung tissue were detected by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Rat ATII cells were cultured in Transwells plates to form monolayers, then treated with Cx43 mRNA inhibitors or miR-206 analogs. The cell monolayers were then stimulated with lipopolysaccharide and their permeability was evaluated by detecting fluorescein-labeled dextran at the lower chamber of the Transwells. The dual luciferase reporter gene assay was used to investigate whether miR-206 targeted the 3′ untranslated region of Cx43 mRNA to regulate Cx43 expression, thereby regulating the permeability of the alveolar air-blood barrier. Results demonstrated that the CLP method induced damage to the alveolar structure, thickened the alveolar wall, caused hyperemia and hemorrhage in the pulmonary interstitium and caused infiltration of inflammatory cells. Edema in the pulmonary interstitium and alveolar space, exudation of neutrophilic granulocyte and pink edema fluid in alveolar cavities were also observed. W/D ratio, the BALF protein content, and expression of Cx43mRNA and Cx43 were increased significantly, whilst miR-206 expression decreased compared with the control group. The lung tissue inflammatory response was attenuated, and the W/D ratio and BALF protein content decreased in the Cx43-In and miR-206-Mi groups compared with the CLP group. Moreover, Cx43 mRNA and protein expression were decreased significantly in the Cx43-In and miR-206-Mi groups. In addition, the dual luciferase reporter gene assay determined that the untranslated region of Cx43 mRNA had a complementary sequence to miR-206. Of note, Cx43 mRNA expression in the miR-206-Mi group was not significantly decreased in vitro. In conclusion, the increase in ATII cell Cx43 expression during sepsis-induced acute lung injury resulted in an increase in the permeability of the alveolar air-blood barrier. miR-206 targeted the Cx43 mRNA 3′untranslated region to downregulate Cx43 expression, which further improved the permeability of the alveolar air-blood barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Yumei Fu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Kai Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Linyi Hou
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Wenkai Zhang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
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57
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Mukwaya A, Jensen L, Peebo B, Lagali N. MicroRNAs in the cornea: Role and implications for treatment of corneal neovascularization. Ocul Surf 2019; 17:400-411. [PMID: 30959113 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
With no safe and efficient approved therapy available for treating corneal neovascularization, the search for alternative and effective treatments is of great importance. Since the discovery of miRNAs as key regulators of gene expression, knowledge of their function in the eye has expanded continuously, facilitated by high throughput genomic tools such as microarrays and RNA sequencing. Recently, reports have emerged implicating miRNAs in pathological and developmental angiogenesis. This has led to the idea of targeting these regulatory molecules as a therapeutic approach for treating corneal neovascularization. With the growing volume of data generated from high throughput tools applied to study corneal neovascularization, we provide here a focused review of the known miRNAs related to corneal neovascularization, while presenting new experimental data and insights for future research and therapy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Mukwaya
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linkoping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Lasse Jensen
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Beatrice Peebo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linkoping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Neil Lagali
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linkoping University, Linköping, Sweden; Department of Ophthalmology, Sørlandet Hospital Arendal, Arendal, Norway.
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58
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Sun L, Lu S, Bai M, Xiang L, Li J, Jia C, Jiang H. Integrative microRNA-mRNA Analysis of Muscle Tissues in Qianhua Mutton Merino and Small Tail Han Sheep Reveals Key Roles for oar-miR-655-3p and oar-miR-381-5p. DNA Cell Biol 2019; 38:423-435. [PMID: 30864845 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2018.4408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The Qianhua Mutton Merino (QHMM) is a new variety of sheep (Ovis aries) with improved meat performance compared with the traditional Small Tail Han (STH) sheep variety. We recently reported the transcriptome profiling of longissimus muscle tissues between QHMM and STH sheep. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate key micro (mi)RNA-mRNA networks associated with sheep muscle growth and development. We used miRNA sequencing to obtain longissimus muscle miRNA profiles from QHMM and STH sheep. We identified a total of 153 known sheep miRNAs, of which 4 were differentially expressed (DE) between the 2 sheep varieties. We combined these results with mRNA library data to build an miRNA-mRNA network, including 26 target genes of the 4 DE miRNAs. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses showed that 26 target genes were significantly enriched in 86 biological processes, including muscle organogenesis, myoblast migration, cell proliferation, and adipose tissue development, and in 9 metabolic pathways, including carbohydrate, nucleotide, and amino acid metabolic pathways. oar-miR-655-3p and its target gene ACSM3 and oar-miR-381-5p and its target gene ABAT were selected for subsequent analysis based on GO and KEGG analyses. The binding sites of oar-miR-655-3p with ACSM3 and oar-miR-381-5p with ABAT were validated by a dual-luciferase reporter gene detection system. This represents the first integrative analysis of miRNA-mRNA networks in QHMM and STH muscles and suggests that DE miRNAs, especially oar-miR-655-3p and oar-miR-381-5p, play crucial roles in muscle growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Sun
- 1 College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Songyan Lu
- 2 Jilin Animal Disease Control Center, Changchun, China
| | - Man Bai
- 1 College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Lujie Xiang
- 1 College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiarong Li
- 1 College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Chao Jia
- 1 College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Huaizhi Jiang
- 1 College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
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59
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Muscle transcriptome signature and gene regulatory network analysis in two divergent lines of a hilly bovine species Mithun (Bos frontalis). Genomics 2019; 112:252-262. [PMID: 30822468 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A massive bovine, Bos frontalis, also known as Mithun or Gayal, found at higher altitude is very promising meat and milk animal. For candidate gene and marker discovery, RNA-seq data was generated from longissimus dorsi muscle tissues with Illumina-HiSeq. Such markers can be used in future for genetic gain of traits like feed conversion efficiency (FCE) and average daily gain (ADG). Analysis revealed 297differentially expressed genes (DEGs) having 173 up and 124 down-regulated unigenes. Extensive conservation was found in genic region while comparing with Bos taurus. Analysis revealed 57 pathways having 112 enzymes, 72 transcriptional factors and cofactors, 212 miRNAs regulating 71 DEGs, 25,855 SSRs, mithun-specific 104,822 variants and 7288 indels, gene regulatory network (GRN) having 24 hub-genes and transcriptional factors regulating cell proliferation, immune tolerance and myogenesis. This is first report of muscle transcriptome depicting candidate genes with GRN controlling FCE and ADG. Reported putative molecular markers, candidate genes and hub proteins can be valuable genomic resources for association studies in genetic improvement programme.
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60
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Grasso M, Piscopo P, Talarico G, Ricci L, Crestini A, Tosto G, Gasparini M, Bruno G, Denti MA, Confaloni A. Plasma microRNA profiling distinguishes patients with frontotemporal dementia from healthy subjects. Neurobiol Aging 2019; 84:240.e1-240.e12. [PMID: 30826067 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2019.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to develop an easy and minimally invasive assay to detect a plasma miRNA profile in frontotemporal dementia (FTD) patients, with the final aim of discriminating between FTD patients and healthy controls (HCs). After a global miRNA profiling, significant downregulation of miR-663a, miR-502-3p, and miR-206 (p = 0.0001, p = 0.0002, and p = 0.02 respectively) in FTD patients was confirmed when compared with HCs in a larger case-control sample. Moreover, miR-663a and miR-502-3p showed significant differences in both genders, whereas miR-206, only in male subjects. To obtain a discriminating measure between FTD patients and HCs, we calculated a combined score of the 3 miRNAs by applying a Bayesian approach and obtaining a classifier with an accuracy of 84.4%. Moreover, for men, combined miRNA levels showed an excellent sensitivity (100%) and a good specificity (87.5%) in distinguishing FTD patients from HCs. All these findings open new hypotheses in the pathophysiology and new perspectives in the diagnosis of a complex pathology as FTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Grasso
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), Trento, Italy
| | - Paola Piscopo
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Talarico
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Leonardo Ricci
- Department of Physics, University of Trento, Trento, Italy; CIMeC, Center for Mind/Brain Sciences, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy
| | - Alessio Crestini
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Tosto
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marina Gasparini
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Bruno
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Michela A Denti
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), Trento, Italy.
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61
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Mukhopadhyay P, Smolenkova I, Warner D, Pisano MM, Greene RM. Spatio-Temporal Expression and Functional Analysis of miR-206 in Developing Orofacial Tissue. Microrna 2019; 8:43-60. [PMID: 30068287 DOI: 10.2174/2211536607666180801094528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Development of the mammalian palate is dependent on precise, spatiotemporal expression of a panoply of genes. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), the largest family of noncoding RNAs, function as crucial modulators of cell and tissue differentiation, regulating expression of key downstream genes. OBSERVATIONS Our laboratory has previously identified several developmentally regulated miRNAs, including miR-206, during critical stages of palatal morphogenesis. The current study reports spatiotemporal distribution of miR-206 during development of the murine secondary palate (gestational days 12.5-14.5). RESULT AND CONCLUSION Potential cellular functions and downstream gene targets of miR-206 were investigated using functional assays and expression profiling, respectively. Functional analyses highlighted potential roles of miR-206 in governing TGFß- and Wnt signaling in mesenchymal cells of the developing secondary palate. In addition, altered expression of miR-206 within developing palatal tissue of TGFß3-/- fetuses reinforced the premise that crosstalk between this miRNA and TGFß3 is crucial for secondary palate development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Partha Mukhopadhyay
- Division of Craniofacial Development and Anomalies, Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, School of Dentistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States
| | - Irina Smolenkova
- Division of Craniofacial Development and Anomalies, Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, School of Dentistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States
| | - Dennis Warner
- Division of Craniofacial Development and Anomalies, Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, School of Dentistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States
| | - Michele M Pisano
- Division of Craniofacial Development and Anomalies, Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, School of Dentistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States
| | - Robert M Greene
- Division of Craniofacial Development and Anomalies, Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, School of Dentistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States
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Zhang W, Wang SY, Deng SY, Gao L, Yang LW, Liu XN, Shi GQ. MiR-27b promotes sheep skeletal muscle satellite cell proliferation by targeting myostatin gene. J Genet 2018; 97:1107-1117. [PMID: 30555060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the role of miR-27b in sheep skeletal muscle development, here we first cloned the sequence of sheep pre-miR-27b, then further investigated its expression pattern in sheep skeletal muscle in vivo, the relationship of miR-27b expression and sheep skeletal muscle satellite cell proliferation and differentiation in vitro, and then finally confirmed its target gene during this development process. MiR-27b sequence, especially its mature sequence, was conservative among different species. MiR-27b highly expressed in sheep skeletal muscle than other tissues. In skeletal muscle of Suffolk and Bashbay sheep, miR-27b was upregulated during foetal period and downregulated during postnatal period significantly (P<0.01), but it still kept a relatively higher expression level in skeletal muscle of postnatal Suffolk sheep than Bashbay. There is a potential target site of miR-27b on 3'-UTR of sheep myostatin (MSTN) mRNA, and the double luciferase reporter assay proved that miR-27b could successfully bind on this site. When sheep satellite cells were in the proliferation status, miR-27b was upregulated and MSTN was downregulated significantly (P<0.01). When miR-27b mimics was transfected into sheep satellite cells, the cell proliferation was promoted and the protein level of MSTN was significantly downregulated (P<0.01). Moreover, miR-27b regulated its target gene MSTN by translation repression at an early step, and followed by inducing mRNA degradation in sheep satellite cells. Based on these results, we confirm that miR-27b could promote sheep skeletal muscle satellite cell proliferation by targeting MSTN and suppressing its expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Xinjiang Agricultural Professional Technological College, Changji 831100, People's Republic of China.
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63
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Li J, Wang G, Jiang J, Fu L, Zhou P, Ren H. The microRNA-127-3p directly targeting Vamp2 in C2C12 myoblasts. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2018; 22:299-304. [PMID: 30460111 PMCID: PMC6171451 DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2018.1512520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been reported that can regulate skeletal muscle growth and development. Previously, we demonstrated that miR-127-3p were differently expressed in skeletal muscle and muscle cells. However, the molecular mechanism of miR-127-3p regulation of skeletal myogenesis are not well elucidated. In this study, we transfected miR-127-3p into C2C12 cells, and found miR-127-3p induces myogenesis by targeting Vamp2. Moreover, the regulatory mechanism of Vamp2 in myoblasts proliferation and differentiation was further confirmed. In conclusion, our data providedevidences that miR-127-3p reciprocally regulated myoblasts proliferation and differentiation through directly targeting Vamp2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Herbivorous Livestock Institute, Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Gaofu Wang
- Herbivorous Livestock Institute, Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Jiang
- Herbivorous Livestock Institute, Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Fu
- Herbivorous Livestock Institute, Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Zhou
- Herbivorous Livestock Institute, Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hangxing Ren
- Herbivorous Livestock Institute, Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
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64
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Worton LE, Gardiner EM, Kwon RY, Downey LM, Ausk BJ, Bain SD, Gross TS. Botulinum toxin A-induced muscle paralysis stimulates Hdac4 and differential miRNA expression. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0207354. [PMID: 30427927 PMCID: PMC6235354 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
At sufficient dose, intramuscular injection of Botulinum toxin A causes muscle wasting that is physiologically consistent with surgical denervation and other types of neuromuscular dysfunction. The aim of this study was to clarify early molecular and micro-RNA alterations in skeletal muscle following Botulinum toxin A-induced muscle paralysis. Quadriceps were analyzed for changes in expression of micro- and messenger RNA and protein levels after a single injection of 0.4, 2 or 4U Botulinum toxin A (/100g body weight). After injection with 2.0U Botulinum toxin A, quadriceps exhibited significant reduction in muscle weight and increased levels of ubiquitin ligase proteins at 7, 14 and 28 days. Muscle miR-1 and miR-133a/b levels were decreased at these time points, whereas a dose-responsive increase in miR-206 expression at day 14 was observed. Expression of the miR-133a/b target genes RhoA, Tgfb1 and Ctfg, and the miR-1/206 target genes Igf-1 and Hdac4, were upregulated at 28 days after Botulinum toxin A injection. Increased levels of Hdac4 protein were observed after injection, consistent with anticipated expression changes in direct and indirect Hdac4 target genes, such as Myog. Our results suggest Botulinum toxin A-induced denervation of muscle shares molecular characteristics with surgical denervation and other types of neuromuscular dysfunction, and implicates miR-133/Tgf-β1/Ctfg and miR-1/Hdac4/Myog signaling during the resultant muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah E. Worton
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- * E-mail:
| | - Edith M. Gardiner
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Ronald Y. Kwon
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Leah M. Downey
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Brandon J. Ausk
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Steven D. Bain
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Ted S. Gross
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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Identification and comparative analysis of the miRNA expression profiles from four tissues of Micropterus salmoides using deep sequencing. Genomics 2018; 110:414-422. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2018.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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66
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Cai R, Qimuge N, Ma M, Wang Y, Tang G, Zhang Q, Sun Y, Chen X, Yu T, Dong W, Yang G, Pang W. MicroRNA-664-5p promotes myoblast proliferation and inhibits myoblast differentiation by targeting serum response factor and Wnt1. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:19177-19190. [PMID: 30323063 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.003198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level and are involved in the regulation of the formation, maintenance, and function of skeletal muscle. Using miRNA sequencing and bioinformatics analysis, we previously found that the miRNA miR-664-5p is significantly differentially expressed in longissimus dorsi muscles of Rongchang pigs. However, the molecular mechanism by which miR-664-5p regulates myogenesis remains unclear. In this study, using flow cytometry, 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine staining, and cell count and immunofluorescent assays, we found that cell-transfected miR-664-5p mimics greatly promoted proliferation of C2C12 mouse myoblasts by increasing the proportion of cells in the S- and G2-phases and up-regulating the expression of cell cycle genes. Moreover, miR-664-5p inhibited myoblast differentiation by down-regulating myogenic gene expression. In contrast, miR-664-5p inhibitor repressed myoblast proliferation and promoted myoblast differentiation. Mechanistically, using dual-luciferase reporter gene experiments, we demonstrated that miR-664-5p directly targets the 3'-UTR of serum response factor (SRF) and Wnt1 mRNAs. We also observed that miR-664-5p inhibits both mRNA and protein levels of SRF and Wnt1 during myoblast proliferation and myogenic differentiation, respectively. Furthermore, the activating effect of miR-664-5p on myoblast proliferation was attenuated by SRF overexpression, and miR-664-5p repressed myogenic differentiation by diminishing the accumulation of nuclear β-catenin. Of note, miR-664-5p's inhibitory effect on myogenic differentiation was abrogated by treatment with Wnt1 protein, the key activator of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Collectively, our findings suggest that miR-664-5p controls SRF and canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways in myogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Cai
- From the Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition and Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Naren Qimuge
- From the Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition and Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Meilin Ma
- From the Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition and Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yingqian Wang
- From the Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition and Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Guorong Tang
- From the Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition and Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Que Zhang
- From the Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition and Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yunmei Sun
- From the Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition and Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xiaochang Chen
- From the Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition and Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Taiyong Yu
- From the Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition and Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Wuzi Dong
- From the Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition and Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Gongshe Yang
- From the Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition and Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Weijun Pang
- From the Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition and Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling Shaanxi 712100, China
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67
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Zhang W, Wang SY, Deng SY, Gao L, Yang LW, Liu XN, Shi GQ. MiR-27b promotes sheep skeletal muscle satellite cell proliferation by targeting myostatin gene. J Genet 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12041-018-0998-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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68
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Khatri B, Seo D, Shouse S, Pan JH, Hudson NJ, Kim JK, Bottje W, Kong BC. MicroRNA profiling associated with muscle growth in modern broilers compared to an unselected chicken breed. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:683. [PMID: 30223794 PMCID: PMC6142689 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-5061-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Genetically selected modern broiler chickens have acquired outstanding production efficiency through rapid growth and improved feed efficiency compared to unselected chicken breeds. Recently, we analyzed the transcriptome of breast muscle tissues obtained from modern pedigree male (PeM) broilers (rapid growth and higher efficiency) and foundational Barred Plymouth Rock (BPR) chickens (slow growth and poorer efficiency). This study was designed to investigate microRNAs that play role in rapid growth of the breast muscles in modern broiler chickens. Results In this study, differential abundance of microRNA (miRNA) was analyzed in breast muscle of PeM and BPR chickens and the results were integrated with differentially expressed (DE) mRNA in the same tissues. A total of 994 miRNA were identified in PeM and BPR chicken lines from the initial analysis of small RNA sequencing data. After filtering and statistical analyses, the results showed miR-2131-5p, miR-221-5p, miR-126-3p, miR-146b-5p, miR-10a-5p, let-7b, miR-125b-5p, and miR-146c-5p up-regulated whereas miR-206 down-regulated in PeM compared to BPR breast muscle. Based on inhibitory regulations of miRNAs on the mRNA abundance, our computational analysis using miRDB, an online software, predicated that 118 down-regulated mRNAs may be targeted by the up-regulated miRNAs, while 35 up-regulated mRNAs appear to be due to a down-regulated miRNA (i.e., miR-206). Functional network analyses of target genes of DE miRNAs showed their involvement in calcium signaling, axonal guidance signaling, and NRF2-mediated oxidative stress response pathways suggesting their involvement in breast muscle growth in chickens. Conclusion From the integrated analyses of differentially expressed miRNA-mRNA data, we were able to identify breast muscle specific miRNAs and their target genes whose concerted actions can contribute to rapid growth and higher feed efficiency in modern broiler chickens. This study provides foundation data for elucidating molecular mechanisms that govern muscle growth in chickens. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-5061-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhuwan Khatri
- Department of Poultry Science, Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Dongwon Seo
- Department of Poultry Science, Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Stephanie Shouse
- Department of Poultry Science, Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Jeong Hoon Pan
- School of Human Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Nicholas J Hudson
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, QLD4343, Gatton, Australia
| | - Jae Kyeom Kim
- School of Human Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Walter Bottje
- Department of Poultry Science, Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Byungwhi C Kong
- Department of Poultry Science, Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA.
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69
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Marini M, Manetti M, Rosa I, Ibba-Manneschi L, Sgambati E. Telocytes in human fetal skeletal muscle interstitium during early myogenesis. Acta Histochem 2018; 120:397-404. [PMID: 29724455 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A new peculiar stromal cell type called telocyte (TC)/CD34-positive stromal cell (i.e. cell with distinctive prolongations named telopodes) has recently been described in various tissues and organs, including the adult skeletal muscle interstitium of mammals. By forming a resident stromal three-dimensional network, TCs have been suggested to participate in different physiological processes within the skeletal muscle tissue, including homeostasis maintenance, intercellular signaling, tissue regeneration/repair and angiogenesis. Since a continuous interplay between the stromal compartment and skeletal muscle fibers seems to take place from organogenesis to aging, the present study was undertaken to investigate for the first time the presence of TCs in the human skeletal muscle during early myogenesis. In particular, we describe the morphological distribution of TCs in human fetal lower limb skeletal muscle during early stages of myogenesis (9-12 weeks of gestation). TCs were studied on tissue sections subjected to immunoperoxidase-based immunohistochemistry for CD34. Double immunofluorescence was further performed to unequivocally differentiate TCs (CD34-positive/CD31-negative) from vascular endothelial cells (CD34-positive/CD31-positive). Our findings provide evidence that stromal cells with typical morphological features and immunophenotype of TCs are present in the human skeletal muscle during early myogenesis, revealing differences in either CD34 immunopositivity or TC numbers among different gestation ages. Specifically, few TCs weakly positive for CD34 were found between 9 and 9.5 weeks. From 10 to 11.5 weeks, TCs were more numerous and strongly reactive and their telopodes formed a reticular network in close relationship with blood vessels and primary and secondary myotubes undergoing separation. On the contrary, a strong reduction in the number and immunopositivity of TCs was observed in fetal muscle sections from 12 weeks of gestation, where mature myotubes were evident. The muscle stroma showed parallel changes in amount, density and organization from 9 to 12 weeks. Moreover, blood vessels appeared particularly numerous between 10 and 11.5 weeks. Taken together, our findings suggest that TCs might play a fundamental role in the early myogenetic period, possibly guiding tissue organization and compartmentalization, as well as angiogenesis and maturation of myotubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirca Marini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Mirko Manetti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Irene Rosa
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Lidia Ibba-Manneschi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Eleonora Sgambati
- Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, Contrada Fonte Lappone, 86090 Pesche, Isernia, Italy.
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70
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Vergara HM, Ramirez J, Rosing T, Nave C, Blandino R, Saw D, Saraf P, Piexoto G, Coombes C, Adams M, Domingo CR. miR-206 is required for changes in cell adhesion that drive muscle cell morphogenesis in Xenopus laevis. Dev Biol 2018; 438:94-110. [PMID: 29596841 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2018.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are highly conserved small non-coding RNA molecules that post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression in multicellular organisms. Within the set of muscle-specific miRNAs, miR-206 expression is largely restricted to skeletal muscle and is found exclusively within the bony fish lineage. Although many studies have implicated miR-206 in muscle maintenance and disease, its role in skeletal muscle development remains largely unknown. Here, we examine the role of miR-206 during Xenopus laevis somitogenesis. In Xenopus laevis, miR-206 expression coincides with the onset of somitogenesis. We show that both knockdown and over-expression of miR-206 result in abnormal somite formation affecting muscle cell rotation, attachment, and elongation. In particular, our data suggests that miR-206 regulates changes in cell adhesion that affect the ability of newly formed somites to adhere to the notochord as well as to the intersomitic boundaries. Additionally, we show that β-dystroglycan and F-actin expression levels are significantly reduced, suggesting that knockdown of miR-206 levels affects cellular mechanics necessary for cell shape changes and attachments that are required for proper muscle formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hernando Martínez Vergara
- Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, 1600 Holloway Ave, San Francisco, CA, 94132, USA
| | - Julio Ramirez
- Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, 1600 Holloway Ave, San Francisco, CA, 94132, USA
| | - Trista Rosing
- Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, 1600 Holloway Ave, San Francisco, CA, 94132, USA
| | - Ceazar Nave
- Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, 1600 Holloway Ave, San Francisco, CA, 94132, USA
| | - Rebecca Blandino
- Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, 1600 Holloway Ave, San Francisco, CA, 94132, USA
| | - Daniel Saw
- Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, 1600 Holloway Ave, San Francisco, CA, 94132, USA
| | - Parag Saraf
- Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, 1600 Holloway Ave, San Francisco, CA, 94132, USA
| | - Gabriel Piexoto
- Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, 1600 Holloway Ave, San Francisco, CA, 94132, USA
| | - Coohleen Coombes
- Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, 1600 Holloway Ave, San Francisco, CA, 94132, USA
| | - Melissa Adams
- Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, 1600 Holloway Ave, San Francisco, CA, 94132, USA
| | - Carmen R Domingo
- Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, 1600 Holloway Ave, San Francisco, CA, 94132, USA.
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71
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Effects of microRNAs on skeletal muscle development. Gene 2018; 668:107-113. [PMID: 29775754 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small (about 22 nucleotides) noncoding RNAs, which were highly conserved among mammals. They have ushered in a new era in molecular biology over twenty years. They can negatively regulate gene expression at the posttranscriptional level through the principle of complementary base pairing with the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of their target mRNAs and induce their degradation. They involve in tissue morphogenesis, cellular processes like apoptosis, and major signaling pathways. Previous studies have promoted our understanding that miRNAs play an important role in myogenesis and have a big impact on muscle mass, muscle fiber type and muscle diseases. Many researchers have provided evidence of the involvement of muscle-specific and enriched miRNAs in the individual stages of skeletal muscle development as well as of their significant influence on muscle metabolism during quiescence, proliferation, differentiation and regeneration. Here, we focus on the microRNAs that related to the development of skeletal muscle. For example, some microRNAs are upregulated in differentiated skeletal muscle and can promote differentiation, like, miR-1, miR-24, miR-26a, miR-181 and miR-206. However, some microRNAs highly expressed in proliferating myoblasts, downregulated in differentiated and could inhibit differentiation, like MiR-221 and miR-222. Some others not only promote skeletal muscle proliferation, but also promote differentiation, like miR-214. Studying the miRNAs' regulatory mechanisms in skeletal development will help us know more about the knowledge of miRNAs in muscle developmental biology and make us learn more about involved signal pathway.
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72
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Ouyang H, Chen X, Li W, Li Z, Nie Q, Zhang X. Circular RNA circSVIL Promotes Myoblast Proliferation and Differentiation by Sponging miR-203 in Chicken. Front Genet 2018; 9:172. [PMID: 29868120 PMCID: PMC5964199 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs), expressed abundantly and universally in various eukaryotes, are involved in growth and development of animals. Our previous study on circRNA sequencing revealed that circSVIL, an exonic circular, expressed differentially among skeletal muscle at 11 embryo age (E11), 16 embryo age (E16), and 1 day post-hatch (P1). In this study, we aim to investigate the effect of circSVIL on the development of skeletal muscle. We detected the expression level of circSVIL in embryonic leg muscle during E10 to P1. As a result, we found that circSVIL had a high expression level during late embryonic development of skeletal muscle. Through dual-luciferase assay, RNA immunoprecipitation and biotin-coupled miRNA pull down, we found chicken circSVIL could functions as miR-203 sponges and upregulated the mRNA level of c-JUN and MEF2C. In chicken, circSVIL could promote the proliferation and differentiation of myoblast, and antagonize the functions of miR-203. Altogether our data suggest that circSVIL promotes the embryonic skeletal muscle development by sequestering miR-203 in chicken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjia Ouyang
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolan Chen
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Livestock Breeding, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and the Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weimin Li
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Livestock Breeding, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and the Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenhui Li
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Livestock Breeding, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and the Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qinghua Nie
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Livestock Breeding, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and the Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiquan Zhang
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Livestock Breeding, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and the Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
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73
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Fu S, Zhao Y, Li Y, Li G, Chen Y, Li Z, Sun G, Li H, Kang X, Yan F. Characterization of miRNA transcriptome profiles related to breast muscle development and intramuscular fat deposition in chickens. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:7063-7079. [PMID: 29737555 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Studies of the miRNA expression profiles associated with the postnatal late development of skeletal muscle and IMF deposition are lacking in chicken. Here, we evaluated the patterns of muscle fiber growth and IMF deposition in breast muscle in the Chinese domestic breed called Gushi chicken, where we constructed four small RNA libraries from breast muscle tissues at 6, 14, 22, and 30 weeks. A total of 388 known miRNAs and 31 novel miRNAs were identified based on four small RNA libraries. Comparative analysis identified 92 significant differentially expressed (SDE) miRNAs based on six combinations. KEGG pathway analysis for the SDE miRNAs showed that metabolic pathways such as glycolysis and biosynthesis of amino acids were significantly enriched before 22 weeks, and pathways such as biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids and fatty acid elongation were significantly enriched after 22 weeks. This trend was consistent with the patterns of breast muscle fiber growth and IMF deposition in Gushi chickens. We also constructed miRNA-mRNA interaction networks related to breast muscle development and IMF deposition. The results showed that miRNAs such as gga-miR-1a-3p, and gga-miR-133a-5p may play important roles in breast muscle development, and miRNAs such as gga-miR-103-3p, and gga-miR-138-2-3p may have key roles in IMF deposition. This study determined the dynamic miRNA transcriptome in breast muscle tissue for the first time in Gushi chickens. The results provide a valuable resource for investigating the post-transcriptional regulation mechanisms during postnatal late development of breast muscle and IMF deposition and for evaluating the muscular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouyi Fu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zheng Zhou, Henan Province, P. R. China
| | - Yinli Zhao
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zheng Zhou, Henan Province, P. R. China
| | - Yuanfang Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zheng Zhou, Henan Province, P. R. China
| | - Guoxi Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zheng Zhou, Henan Province, P. R. China
| | - Yi Chen
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zheng Zhou, Henan Province, P. R. China
| | - Zhuanjian Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zheng Zhou, Henan Province, P. R. China
| | - Guirong Sun
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zheng Zhou, Henan Province, P. R. China
| | - Hong Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zheng Zhou, Henan Province, P. R. China
| | - Xiangtao Kang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zheng Zhou, Henan Province, P. R. China
| | - Fengbin Yan
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zheng Zhou, Henan Province, P. R. China
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74
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Aasen T, Johnstone S, Vidal-Brime L, Lynn KS, Koval M. Connexins: Synthesis, Post-Translational Modifications, and Trafficking in Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051296. [PMID: 29701678 PMCID: PMC5983588 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Connexins are tetraspan transmembrane proteins that form gap junctions and facilitate direct intercellular communication, a critical feature for the development, function, and homeostasis of tissues and organs. In addition, a growing number of gap junction-independent functions are being ascribed to these proteins. The connexin gene family is under extensive regulation at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional level, and undergoes numerous modifications at the protein level, including phosphorylation, which ultimately affects their trafficking, stability, and function. Here, we summarize these key regulatory events, with emphasis on how these affect connexin multifunctionality in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trond Aasen
- Translational Molecular Pathology, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR), Autonomous University of Barcelona, CIBERONC, 08035 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Scott Johnstone
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, P.O. Box 801394, Charlottesville, VI 22908, USA.
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TT, UK.
| | - Laia Vidal-Brime
- Translational Molecular Pathology, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR), Autonomous University of Barcelona, CIBERONC, 08035 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - K Sabrina Lynn
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Michael Koval
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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75
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Expression and Regulation Profile of Mature MicroRNA in the Pig: Relevance to Xenotransplantation. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:2983908. [PMID: 29750148 PMCID: PMC5884403 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2983908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The pig is an important source of meat production and provides a valuable model for certain human diseases. MicroRNA (miRNA), which is noncoding RNA and regulates gene expression at the posttranscriptional level, plays a critical role in various biological processes. Studies on identification and function of mature miRNAs in multiple pig tissues are increasing, yet the literature is limited. Therefore, we reviewed current research to determine the miRNAs expressed in specific pig tissues that are involved in carcass values (including muscle and adipocytes), reproduction (including pituitary, testis, and ovary), and development of some solid organs (e.g., brain, lung, kidney, and liver). We also discuss the possible regulating mechanisms of miRNA. Finally, as pig organs are suitable candidates for xenotransplantation, biomarkers of their miRNA in xenotransplantation were evaluated.
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76
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Wang H, Zhang Q, Wang B, Wu W, Wei J, Li P, Huang R. miR-22 regulates C2C12 myoblast proliferation and differentiation by targeting TGFBR1. Eur J Cell Biol 2018; 97:257-268. [PMID: 29588073 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, miR-22 was found to be differentially expressed in different skeletal muscle growth period, indicated that it might have function in skeletal muscle myogenesis. In this study, we found that the expression of miR-22 was the most in skeletal muscle and was gradually up-regulated during mouse myoblast cell (C2C12 myoblast cell line) differentiation. Overexpression of miR-22 repressed C2C12 myoblast proliferation and promoted myoblast differentiation into myotubes, whereas inhibition of miR-22 showed the opposite results. During myogenesis, we predicted and verified transforming growth factor beta receptor 1 (TGFBR1), a key receptor of the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway, was a target gene of miR-22. Then, we found miR-22 could regulate the expression of TGFBR1 and down-regulate the Smad3 signaling pathway. Knockdown of TGFBR1 by siRNA suppressed the proliferation of C2C12 cells but induced its differentiation. Conversely, overexpression of TGFBR1 significantly promoted proliferation but inhibited differentiation of the myoblast. Additionally, when C2C12 cells were treated with different concentrations of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1), the level of miR-22 in C2C12 cells was reduced. The TGFBR1 protein level was significantly elevated in C2C12 cells treated with TGF-β1. Moreover, miR-22 was able to inhibit TGF-β1-induced TGFBR1 expression in C2C12 cells. Altogether, we demonstrated that TGF-β1 inhibited miR-22 expression in C2C12 cells and miR-22 regulated C2C12 cell myogenesis by targeting TGFBR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Wang
- Institute of Swine Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, 311300, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Institute of Swine Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - BinBin Wang
- Institute of Swine Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - WangJun Wu
- Institute of Swine Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Julong Wei
- Institute of Swine Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Pinghua Li
- Institute of Swine Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Ruihua Huang
- Institute of Swine Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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77
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Regulatory Role of MicroRNAs in Muscle Atrophy during Exercise Intervention. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19020405. [PMID: 29385720 PMCID: PMC5855627 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle comprising approximately 40% of body weight is highly important for locomotion and metabolic homeostasis. The growth and regeneration of skeletal muscle are highly organized processes; thus, it is not surprising to reveal certain complexity during these regulatory processes. Recently, a large number of evidence indicate that microRNAs can result in obvious impacts on growth, regeneration and metabolism of skeletal muscle. In this review, recent research achievements of microRNAs in regulating myogenesis, atrophy and aging during exercise intervention are discussed, which will provide the guidance for developing potential applications of microRNAs in health promotion and rehabilitation of sports injuries.
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78
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Thuringer D, Jego G, Berthenet K, Hammann A, Solary E, Garrido C. Gap junction-mediated transfer of miR-145-5p from microvascular endothelial cells to colon cancer cells inhibits angiogenesis. Oncotarget 2018; 7:28160-8. [PMID: 27058413 PMCID: PMC5053717 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Gap junctional communication between cancer cells and blood capillary cells is crucial to tumor growth and invasion. Gap junctions may transfer microRNAs (miRs) among cells. Here, we explore the impact of such a transfer in co-culture assays, using the antitumor miR-145 as an example. The SW480 colon carcinoma cells form functional gap junction composed of connexin-43 (Cx43) with human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC). When HMEC are loaded with miR-145-5p mimics, the miR-145 level drastically increases in SW480. The functional inhibition of gap junctions, using either a gap channel blocker or siRNA targeting Cx43, prevents this increase. The transfer of miR-145 also occurs from SW480 to HMEC but not in non-contact co-cultures, excluding the involvement of soluble exosomes. The miR-145 transfer to SW480 up-regulates their Cx43 expression and inhibits their ability to promote angiogenesis. Our results indicate that the gap junctional communication can inhibit tumor growth by transferring miRs from one endothelial cell to neighboring tumor cells. This “bystander” effect could find application in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gaetan Jego
- INSERM, U866, Faculty of Medecine, 21000 Dijon, France.,University of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
| | | | | | - Eric Solary
- INSERM, U1170, Institut Gustave Roussy, 94508 Villejuif, France
| | - Carmen Garrido
- INSERM, U866, Faculty of Medecine, 21000 Dijon, France.,University of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France.,CGFL, BP77980, 21000 Dijon, France
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79
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Mok GF, Lozano-Velasco E, Münsterberg A. microRNAs in skeletal muscle development. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 72:67-76. [PMID: 29102719 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A fundamental process during both embryo development and stem cell differentiation is the control of cell lineage determination. In developing skeletal muscle, many of the diffusible signaling molecules, transcription factors and more recently non-coding RNAs that contribute to this process have been identified. This has facilitated advances in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the control of cell fate choice. Here we will review the role of non-coding RNAs, in particular microRNAs (miRNAs), in embryonic muscle development and differentiation, and in satellite cells of adult muscle, which are essential for muscle growth and regeneration. Some of these short post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression are restricted to skeletal muscle, but their expression can also be more widespread. In addition, we discuss a few examples of long non-coding RNAs, which are numerous but much less well understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gi Fay Mok
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Estefania Lozano-Velasco
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Andrea Münsterberg
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK.
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80
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De Gasperi R, Hamidi S, Harlow LM, Ksiezak-Reding H, Bauman WA, Cardozo CP. Denervation-related alterations and biological activity of miRNAs contained in exosomes released by skeletal muscle fibers. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12888. [PMID: 29038428 PMCID: PMC5643439 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13105-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are vesicles released by many eukaryotic cells; their cargo includes proteins, mRNA and microRNA (miR) that can be transferred to recipient cells and regulate cellular processes in an autocrine or paracrine manner. While cells of the myoblast lineage secrete exosomes, it is not known whether skeletal muscle fibers (myofibers) release exosomes. In this study, we found that cultured myofibers release nanovesicles that have bilamellar membranes and an average size of 60-130 nm, contain typical exosomal proteins and miRNAs and are taken up by C2C12 cells. miR-133a was found to be the most abundant myomiR in these vesicles while miR-720 was most enriched in exosomes compared to parent myofibers. Treatment of NIH 3T3 cells with myofiber-derived exosomes downregulated the miR-133a targets proteins Smarcd1 and Runx2, confirming that these exosomes have biologically relevant effects on recipient cells. Denervation resulted in a marked increase in miR-206 and reduced expression of miRs 1, 133a, and 133b in myofiber-derived exosomes. These findings demonstrate that skeletal muscle fibers release exosomes which can exert biologically significant effects on recipient cells, and that pathological muscle conditions such as denervation induce alterations in exosomal miR profile which could influence responses to disease states through autocrine or paracrine mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita De Gasperi
- National Center for the Medical Consequences of Spinal Cord Injury, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sayyed Hamidi
- Medical Service, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Lauren M Harlow
- National Center for the Medical Consequences of Spinal Cord Injury, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Hanna Ksiezak-Reding
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - William A Bauman
- National Center for the Medical Consequences of Spinal Cord Injury, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
- Medical Service, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christopher P Cardozo
- National Center for the Medical Consequences of Spinal Cord Injury, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.
- Medical Service, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Pharmacologic Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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81
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Translational Control of the Myogenic Program in Developing, Regenerating, and Diseased Skeletal Muscle. Curr Top Dev Biol 2017; 126:67-98. [PMID: 29305004 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Translational control of genes that code for protein allows a cell to rapidly respond to changes in its environment, in part because translational control of gene expression does not depend on upstream events required to produce an mRNA molecule. The importance of translational control has been highlighted by studies concerning muscle development, regeneration, and disease. Translational control of specific mRNAs is achieved by microRNAs and RNA-binding proteins, which are particularly relevant to developmental myogenesis, where they ensure the stepwise differentiation of multipotent progenitors to committed myogenic progenitors that ultimately fuse into slow- or fast-type myofibers that make up skeletal muscle. The importance of translational control is also illustrated in muscle disease, where deregulated microRNA expression accelerates or delays progression of disease. Skeletal muscle is also unique for its remarkable capacity to regenerate after injury, which requires the activity of quiescent muscle stem cells, named satellite cells for their position underneath the basal lamina of the myofiber. Mitotically quiescent satellite cells are primed to activate the cell cycle and myogenic program, a unique feature that requires specific regulation of mRNA translation converging with pathways that regulate global protein synthesis. Emerging concepts in translational control of gene expression have shed light on multiple layers of control over the myogenic program. In parallel, the development and regeneration of skeletal muscle represents a unique, relevant, and highly defined context within which new concepts in translational control of gene expression should emerge.
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82
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Sun H, Cai S, Zhang M, Zhao J, Wei S, Luo Y, Meng X, Zhou X, Li Y, Zhang W. MicroRNA-206 regulates vascular smooth muscle cell phenotypic switch and vascular neointimal formation. Cell Biol Int 2017; 41:739-748. [PMID: 28328152 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
MiR-206 has been found to play a critical role in skeletal muscle proliferation, differentiation, and regeneration. However, little is known about the function of miR-206 in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) biology. In this study, we will investigate its roles in phenotypic switching of VSMCs and neointimal lesion formation. First, we identified the expression of miR-206 in VSMCs treated with various concentrations of TGFβ1 and in rat carotid arteries after angioplasty by using qPCR. TGFβ1 inhibited the expression of miR-206 and TGFβ1 inhibitor induced miR-206 expression. In VSMCs of injured vascular walls, miR-206 expression was upregulated. Then, we overexpressed miR-206 using lentivirus Lv-rno-mir-206 and knocked down miR-206 using LV-rno-mir-206-inhibitor in rat carotid arteries after angioplasty. Overexpression of miR-206 resulted in decreasing SM22α expression in VSMCs in vitro and knockdown of miR-206 suppressed neointimal lesion formation in vivo. Finally, ZFP580 (zinc finger protein 580) was identified as the direct target of miR-206 in VSMCs by using luciferase report assay. The results indicate that miR-206 is involved in phenotypic switching of VSMCs and neointimal lesion formation after angioplasty through targeting ZFP580. These findings may provide a novel therapeutic target in post-angioplasty restenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyan Sun
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Huizhihuan Road 1, Dongli District, Tianjin, 300309, China
| | - Songzhi Cai
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital, Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Chenglin Road 220, Dongli District, Tianjin, 300162, China
| | - Mei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital, Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Chenglin Road 220, Dongli District, Tianjin, 300162, China
| | - Juan Zhao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Huizhihuan Road 1, Dongli District, Tianjin, 300309, China
| | - Shuping Wei
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Target Organ Injury, Chenglin Road 220, Dongli District, Tianjin, 300162, China
| | - Yuyu Luo
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Huizhihuan Road 1, Dongli District, Tianjin, 300309, China
| | - Xiangyan Meng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Huizhihuan Road 1, Dongli District, Tianjin, 300309, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Target Organ Injury, Chenglin Road 220, Dongli District, Tianjin, 300162, China
| | - Yuming Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Target Organ Injury, Chenglin Road 220, Dongli District, Tianjin, 300162, China
| | - Wencheng Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Huizhihuan Road 1, Dongli District, Tianjin, 300309, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Target Organ Injury, Chenglin Road 220, Dongli District, Tianjin, 300162, China
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83
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Umrani MR, Joglekar MV, Somerville Glover E, Wong W, Hardikar AA. Connexins and microRNAs: Interlinked players in regulating islet function? Islets 2017; 9:99-108. [PMID: 28686518 PMCID: PMC5624287 DOI: 10.1080/19382014.2017.1331192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic β-cells are connected to neighboring endocrine cells through the adherin proteins and gap junctions. Connexin 36 (Cx36) is one of the most well-studied and abundantly expressed gap-junction proteins within rodent islets, which is important in coordinated insulin secretion. The expression of connexins is regulated at various levels and by several mechanisms; one of which is via microRNAs. In past 2 decades, microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as key molecules in developmental, physiologic and pathological processes. However, very few studies have demonstrated miRNA-mediated regulation of connexins. Even though there are no reports yet on miRNAs and Cx36; we envisage that considering the important role of connexins and microRNAs in insulin secretion, there would be common pathways interlinking these biomolecules. Here, we discuss the current literature on connexins and miRNAs specifically with reference to islet function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malati R. Umrani
- National centre for cell science, Ganeshkhind, Pune University Campus, Pune, India
- Diabetes and Islet Biology Group, NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mugdha V. Joglekar
- Diabetes and Islet Biology Group, NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ella Somerville Glover
- Diabetes and Islet Biology Group, NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Wilson Wong
- Diabetes and Islet Biology Group, NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Anandwardhan A. Hardikar
- Diabetes and Islet Biology Group, NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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84
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Xing T, Du L, Zhuang X, Zhang L, Hao J, Wang J. Upregulation of microRNA-206 induces apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells and decreases risk of atherosclerosis through modulating FOXP1. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:4097-4103. [PMID: 29104627 PMCID: PMC5658685 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Forkhead box protein subfamily P (FOXP) 1 has an important role in the control of gene transcription and is also reported to function as a tumor suppressor. The aim of the present study was to explore the regulatory mechanisms of atherosclerosis by investigating the function of microRNA-206 (miR-206) and the regulatory association between miR-206 and its potential target gene, FOXP1, in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Bioinformatics tools were utilized to identify FOXP1 as a target of miR-206. Luciferase reporter analysis was used to confirm this relationship and to identify the miR-206 binding site in the FOXP1 3′-untranslated region. It was demonstrated that the relative survival rate of VSMCs was suppressed by miR-206 compared with scramble controls. Furthermore, reduced expression of miR-206 in atherosclerosis tissue samples was observed, and the mRNA and protein expression levels of FOXP1 were upregulated in atherosclerosis tissue samples, both compared with the controls, indicating a negative correlation between miR-206 and FOXP1. Additionally, when treated with miR-206 mimics, the relative survival rate of VSMCs was notably reduced, which was rescued by overexpression of FOXP1. These findings increased the understanding of the regulatory role of miR-206 in atherosclerosis in VSMCs via targeting the FOXP1 gene; therefore, intervention with miR-206 as a therapeutic technique may be a strategy for atherosclerosis treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Xing
- Department of Neurosurgery, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, P.R. China
| | - Lixin Du
- Department of Neurology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, P.R. China
| | - Xianbo Zhuang
- Department of Neurology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, P.R. China
| | - Liyong Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, P.R. China
| | - Jiheng Hao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Hospital of Liaocheng, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, P.R. China
| | - Jiyue Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Hospital of Liaocheng, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, P.R. China
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85
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McCormick R, Goljanek-Whysall K. MicroRNA Dysregulation in Aging and Pathologies of the Skeletal Muscle. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 334:265-308. [PMID: 28838540 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is one of the biggest organs of the body with important mechanistic and metabolic functions. Muscle homeostasis is controlled by environmental, genetic, and epigenetic factors. Indeed, MiRNAs, small noncoding RNAs robust regulators of gene expression, have and have been shown to regulate muscle homeostasis on several levels: through controlling myogenesis, muscle growth (hypertrophy) and atrophy, as well as interactions of muscle with other tissues. Given the large number of MiRNA target genes and the important role of MiRNAs in most physiological processes and various diseases, MiRNAs may have an enormous potential as therapeutic targets against numerous disorders, including pathologies of muscle. The purpose of this review is to present the current knowledge of the role of MiRNAs in skeletal muscle homeostasis and pathologies and the potential of MiRNAs as therapeutics for skeletal muscle wasting, with particular focus on the age- and disease-related loss of muscle mass and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel McCormick
- Musculoskeletal Biology II, Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Aging, Institute of Aging and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
| | - Katarzyna Goljanek-Whysall
- Musculoskeletal Biology II, Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Aging, Institute of Aging and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
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86
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Wilson RA, Deasy W, Hayes A, Cooke MB. High fat diet and associated changes in the expression of micro-RNAs in tissue: Lessons learned from animal studies. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 61. [PMID: 28233461 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 01/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Environment and genetic factors play an important role in the development of obesity, and diet is one of the main contributing factors to this disease. High fat intake is associated with body weight gain, leading to obesity and other metabolic diseases. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of small, noncoding RNAs that are important regulators of gene expression at posttranscriptional level. Studies have shown that high fat intake, independent of body weight status, can significantly impact both negatively and positively the expression of miRNAs and thus the biological function of tissues such as adipose, skeletal, and cardiac muscle, liver, neuronal, and endothelial. This review will summarize the effects of high calorie diet in the form of high fat intake on miRNA expression in various tissues of animal models and of high fat fed offspring. We will also briefly review the impact of different dietary lipids on miRNA expression. Given changes in miRNA expression have been associated with the development of many diseases including obesity, understanding their biological role could have important clinical implications and offer tangible therapeutic targets for the prevention, management, and/or treatment of obesity and other lifestyle-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin A Wilson
- College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Western Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - William Deasy
- College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Western Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Alan Hayes
- College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Western Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Matthew B Cooke
- College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Western Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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87
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Barreiro E, Tajbakhsh S. Epigenetic regulation of muscle development. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2017; 38:31-35. [DOI: 10.1007/s10974-017-9469-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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88
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Graham ZA, De Gasperi R, Bauman WA, Cardozo CP. Recombinant myostatin reduces highly expressed microRNAs in differentiating C2C12 cells. Biochem Biophys Rep 2017; 9:273-280. [PMID: 28691106 PMCID: PMC5500170 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Myostatin is small glycopeptide that is produced and secreted by skeletal muscle. It is a potent negative regulator of muscle growth that has been associated with conditions of frailty. In C2C12 cells, myostatin limits cell differentiation. Myostatin acts through activin receptor IIB, activin receptor-like kinase (ALK) and Smad transcription factors. microRNAs (miRNA) are short, 22 base pair nucleotides that bind to the 3' UTR of target mRNA to repress translation or reduce mRNA stability. In the present study, expression in differentiating C2C12 cells of the myomiRs miR-1 and 133a were down-regulated following treatment with 1 μg of recombinant myostatin at 1 d post-induction of differentiation while all myomiRs (miR-1, 133a/b and 206) were upregulated by SB431542, a potent ALK4/5/7 inhibitor which reduces Smad2 signaling, at 1 d and all, with the exception of miR-206, were upregulated by SB431542 at 3 d. The expression of the muscle-enriched miR-486 was greater following treatment with SB431542 but not altered by myostatin. Other highly expressed miRNAs in skeletal muscle, miR-23a/b and 145, were altered only at 1 d post-induction of differentiation. miR-27b responded differently to treatments at 1 d, where it was upregulated, as compared to 3 d, where it was downregulated. Neither myostatin nor SB431542 altered cell size or cell morphology. The data indicate that myostatin represses myomiR expression in differentiating C2C12 cells and that inhibition of Smad signaling with SB431542 can result in large changes in highly expressed miRNAs in differentiating myoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary A. Graham
- National Center for the Medical Consequences of Spinal Cord Injury, Bronx, NY, USA
- Departments of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, NY, USA
| | - Rita De Gasperi
- National Center for the Medical Consequences of Spinal Cord Injury, Bronx, NY, USA
- Departments of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, NY, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, NY, USA
| | - William A. Bauman
- National Center for the Medical Consequences of Spinal Cord Injury, Bronx, NY, USA
- Medical Service, James J. Peters VAMC, Bronx, NY, USA
- Departments of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, NY, USA
- Departments of Rehabilitation Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, NY, USA
| | - Christopher P. Cardozo
- National Center for the Medical Consequences of Spinal Cord Injury, Bronx, NY, USA
- Medical Service, James J. Peters VAMC, Bronx, NY, USA
- Departments of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, NY, USA
- Departments of Rehabilitation Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, NY, USA
- Departments of Pharmacologic Science and the Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, NY, USA
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89
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Hoelscher SC, Doppler SA, Dreßen M, Lahm H, Lange R, Krane M. MicroRNAs: pleiotropic players in congenital heart disease and regeneration. J Thorac Dis 2017; 9:S64-S81. [PMID: 28446969 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2017.03.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the leading cause of infant death, affecting approximately 4-14 live births per 1,000. Although surgical techniques and interventions have improved significantly, a large number of infants still face poor clinical outcomes. MicroRNAs (miRs) are known to coordinately regulate cardiac development and stimulate pathological processes in the heart, including fibrosis or hypertrophy and impair angiogenesis. Dysregulation of these regulators could therefore contribute (I) to the initial development of CHD and (II) at least partially to the observed clinical outcomes of many CHD patients by stimulating the aforementioned pathways. Thus, miRs may exhibit great potential as therapeutic targets in regenerative medicine. In this review we provide an overview of miR function and elucidate their role in selected CHDs, including hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS), tetralogy of Fallot (TOF), ventricular septal defects (VSDs) and Holt-Oram syndrome (HOS). We then bridge this knowledge to the potential usefulness of miRs and/or their targets in therapeutic strategies for regenerative purposes in CHDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C Hoelscher
- Division of Experimental Surgery, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, German Heart Center Munich, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefanie A Doppler
- Division of Experimental Surgery, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, German Heart Center Munich, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Martina Dreßen
- Division of Experimental Surgery, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, German Heart Center Munich, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Harald Lahm
- Division of Experimental Surgery, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, German Heart Center Munich, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Lange
- Division of Experimental Surgery, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, German Heart Center Munich, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Krane
- Division of Experimental Surgery, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, German Heart Center Munich, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
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90
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Aguennouz M, Lo Giudice C, Licata N, Rodolico C, Musumeci O, Fanin M, Migliorato A, Ragusa M, Macaione V, Di Giorgio RM, Angelini C, Toscano A. MicroRNA signatures predict dysregulated vitamin D receptor and calcium pathways status in limb girdle muscle dystrophies (LGMD) 2A/2B. Cell Biochem Funct 2017; 34:414-22. [PMID: 27558075 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
miRNA expression profile and predicted pathways involved in selected limb-girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD)2A/2B patients were investigated. A total of 187 miRNAs were dysregulated in all patients, with six miRNAs showing opposite regulation in LGMD2A versus LGMD2B patients. Silico analysis evidence: (1) a cluster of the dysregulated miRNAs resulted primarily involved in inflammation and calcium metabolism, and (2) two genes predicted as controlled by calcium-assigned miRNAs (Vitamin D Receptor gene and Guanine Nucleotide Binding protein beta polypeptide 1gene) showed an evident upregulation in LGMD2B patients, in accordance with miRNA levels. Our data support alterations in calcium pathway status in LGMD 2A/B, suggesting myofibre calcium imbalance as a potential therapeutic target. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Aguennouz
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Italy
| | - C Lo Giudice
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Italy
| | - N Licata
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Italy
| | - C Rodolico
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Italy
| | - O Musumeci
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Italy
| | - M Fanin
- Neurological Clinic, University of Padua, Italy
| | - A Migliorato
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Italy
| | - M Ragusa
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences Biology, Genetics and Bioinformatics Unit, University of Catania, Italy
| | - V Macaione
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Italy
| | - R M Di Giorgio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Italy
| | - C Angelini
- Neurological Clinic, University of Padua, Italy
| | - A Toscano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Italy
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91
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Jimenez-Pacheco A, Franco JM, Lopez S, Gomez-Zumaquero JM, Magdalena Leal-Lasarte M, Caballero-Hernandez DE, Cejudo-Guillén M, Pozo D. Epigenetic Mechanisms of Gene Regulation in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 978:255-275. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-53889-1_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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92
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Calderón JF, Retamal MA. Regulation of Connexins Expression Levels by MicroRNAs, an Update. Front Physiol 2016; 7:558. [PMID: 27932990 PMCID: PMC5122916 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Control of cell-cell coordination and communication is regulated by several factors, including paracrine and autocrine release of biomolecules, and direct exchange of soluble factors between cells through gap junction channels. Additionally, hemichannels also participate in cell-cell coordination through the release of signaling molecules, such as ATP and glutamate. A family of transmembrane proteins named connexins forms both gap junction channels and hemichannels. Because of their importance in cell and tissue coordination, connexins are controlled both by post-translational and post-transcriptional modifications. In recent years, non-coding RNAs have garnered research interest due to their ability to exert post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. One of the most recent, well-documented control mechanisms of protein synthesis is found through the action of small, single-stranded RNA, called micro RNAs (miRNAs or miRs). Put simply, miRNAs are negative regulators of the expression of a myriad proteins involved in many physiological and pathological processes. This mini review will briefly summarize what is currently known about the action of miRNAs over Cxs expression/function in different organs under some relevant physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan F Calderón
- Facultad de Medicina, Center for Genetics and Genomics, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo Santiago, Chile
| | - Mauricio A Retamal
- Facultad de Medicina, Centro de Fisiología Celular e Integrativa, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo Santiago, Chile
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93
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Zhang Y, Yu B, He J, Chen D. From Nutrient to MicroRNA: a Novel Insight into Cell Signaling Involved in Skeletal Muscle Development and Disease. Int J Biol Sci 2016; 12:1247-1261. [PMID: 27766039 PMCID: PMC5069446 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.16463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is a remarkably complicated organ comprising many different cell types, and it plays an important role in lifelong metabolic health. Nutrients, as an external regulator, potently regulate skeletal muscle development through various internal regulatory factors, such as mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and microRNAs (miRNAs). As a nutrient sensor, mTOR, integrates nutrient availability to regulate myogenesis and directly or indirectly influences microRNA expression. MiRNAs, a class of small non-coding RNAs mediating gene silencing, are implicated in myogenesis and muscle-related diseases. Meanwhile, growing evidence has emerged supporting the notion that the expression of myogenic miRNAs could be regulated by nutrients in an epigenetic mechanism. Therefore, this review presents a novel insight into the cell signaling network underlying nutrient-mTOR-miRNA pathway regulation of skeletal myogenesis and summarizes the epigenetic modifications in myogenic differentiation, which will provide valuable information for potential therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, P. R. China.; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, China
| | - Bing Yu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, P. R. China.; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, China
| | - Jun He
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, P. R. China.; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, China
| | - Daiwen Chen
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, P. R. China.; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, China
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94
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Mizbani A, Luca E, Rushing EJ, Krützfeldt J. MicroRNA deep sequencing in two adult stem cell populations identifies miR-501 as a novel regulator of myosin heavy chain during muscle regeneration. Development 2016; 143:4137-4148. [PMID: 27707793 PMCID: PMC5117213 DOI: 10.1242/dev.136051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important regulators of skeletal muscle regeneration, but the underlying mechanisms are still incompletely understood. Here, comparative miRNA sequencing analysis of myogenic progenitor cells (MPs) and non-myogenic fibroblast-adipocyte progenitors (FAPs) during cardiotoxin (CTX)-induced muscle injury uncovered miR-501 as a novel muscle-specific miRNA. miR-501 is an intronic miRNA and its expression levels in MPs correlated with its host gene, chloride channel, voltage-sensitive 5 (Clcn5). Pharmacological inhibition of miR-501 dramatically blunted the induction of embryonic myosin heavy chain (MYH3) and, to a lesser extent, adult myosin isoforms during muscle regeneration, and promoted small-diameter neofibers. An unbiased target identification approach in primary myoblasts validated gigaxonin as a target of miR-501 that mimicked the effect of miR-501 inhibition on MYH3 expression. In the mdx mouse model, which models a pathological disease state, not only was miR-501 induced in regenerating skeletal muscle, but also its serum levels were increased, which correlated with the disease state of the animals. Our results suggest that miR-501 plays a key role in adult muscle regeneration and might serve as a novel serum biomarker for the activation of adult muscle stem cells. Summary: MicroRNA 501 is a novel muscle-specific microRNA that is induced during muscle regeneration and regulates the transition of myosin heavy chains during early myogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Mizbani
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich 8091, Switzerland.,Competence Center Personalized Medicine UZH/ETH, ETH Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Edlira Luca
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich 8091, Switzerland
| | - Elisabeth J Rushing
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Zurich and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich 8091, Switzerland
| | - Jan Krützfeldt
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich 8091, Switzerland .,Competence Center Personalized Medicine UZH/ETH, ETH Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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95
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Rognoni A, Cavallino C, Rametta F, Bongo AS. Correlations between microRNAs and their target genes in skeletal myoblasts cell therapy for myocardial infarction. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2016; 4:292. [PMID: 27568480 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2016.05.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Rognoni
- Coronary Care Unit and Catheterization Laboratory, "Maggiore della Carità Hospital", Novara, Italy
| | - Chiara Cavallino
- Coronary Care Unit and Catheterization Laboratory, "Maggiore della Carità Hospital", Novara, Italy; ; Division of Cardiology, Sant'Andrew Hospital, Vercelli, Italy
| | | | - Angelo Sante Bongo
- Coronary Care Unit and Catheterization Laboratory, "Maggiore della Carità Hospital", Novara, Italy
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96
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Ding HL, Hooper JE, Batzel P, Eames BF, Postlethwait JH, Artinger KB, Clouthier DE. MicroRNA Profiling during Craniofacial Development: Potential Roles for Mir23b and Mir133b. Front Physiol 2016; 7:281. [PMID: 27471470 PMCID: PMC4943961 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Defects in mid-facial development, including cleft lip/palate, account for a large number of human birth defects annually. In many cases, aberrant gene expression results in either a reduction in the number of neural crest cells (NCCs) that reach the frontonasal region and form much of the facial skeleton or subsequent failure of NCC patterning and differentiation into bone and cartilage. While loss of gene expression is often associated with developmental defects, aberrant upregulation of expression can also be detrimental. microRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNAs that normally repress gene expression by binding to recognition sequences located in the 3′ UTR of target mRNAs. miRNAs play important roles in many developmental systems, including midfacial development. Here, we take advantage of high throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) from different tissues of the developing mouse midface to interrogate the miRs that are expressed in the midface and select a subset for further expression analysis. Among those examined, we focused on four that showed the highest expression level in in situ hybridization analysis. Mir23b and Mir24.1 are specifically expressed in the developing mouse frontonasal region, in addition to areas in the perichondrium, tongue musculature and cranial ganglia. Mir23b is also expressed in the palatal shelves and in anterior epithelium of the palate. In contrast, Mir133b and Mir128.2 are mainly expressed in head and trunk musculature. Expression analysis of mir23b and mir133b in zebrafish suggests that mir23b is expressed in the pharyngeal arch, otic vesicle, and trunk muscle while mir133b is similarly expressed in head and trunk muscle. Functional analysis by overexpression of mir23b in zebrafish leads to broadening of the ethmoid plate and aberrant cartilage structures in the viscerocranium, while overexpression of mir133b causes a reduction in ethmoid plate size and a significant midfacial cleft. These data illustrate that miRs are expressed in the developing midface and that Mir23b and Mir133b may have roles in this developmental process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Lei Ding
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Joan E Hooper
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Peter Batzel
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Oregon Eugene, OR, USA
| | - B Frank Eames
- Department of Neuroscience, University of OregonEugene, OR, USA; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of SaskatchewanSaskatoon, SK, Canada
| | | | - Kristin B Artinger
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora, CO, USA
| | - David E Clouthier
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora, CO, USA
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97
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Barreiro E. The role of MicroRNAs in COPD muscle dysfunction and mass loss: implications on the clinic. Expert Rev Respir Med 2016; 10:1011-22. [PMID: 27348064 DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2016.1206819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common preventable and treatable disease and a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In COPD, comorbidities, acute exacerbations, and systemic manifestations negatively influence disease severity, prognosis, and progression regardless of the respiratory condition. AREAS COVERED Several factors and biological mechanisms are involved in the pathophysiology of COPD muscle dysfunction. The non-coding microRNAs were shown to be differentially expressed in the respiratory and limb muscles of patients with COPD. Moreover, a differential expression profile of muscle-specific microRNAs has also been demonstrated in the lower limb muscles of COPD patients with and without muscle mass loss and weakness. All these features are reviewed herein. The most relevant articles on the topic in question were selected from PubMed to write this review. Expert commentary: MicroRNAs are excellent targets for the design of specific therapeutic interventions in patients with muscle weakness. Selective enhancers of microRNAs that promote myogenesis (proliferation and differentiation of satellite cells) should be designed to alleviate the negative impact of skeletal muscle dysfunction and mass loss in COPD regardless of the degree of the airway obstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Barreiro
- a Respiratory Medicine Department, Muscle Wasting and Cachexia in Chronic Respiratory Diseases and Lung Cancer Research Group , Institute of Medical Research of Hospital del Mar (IMIM)-Hospital del Mar, Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona Biomedical Research Park (PRBB) , Barcelona , Spain.,b Department of Health Sciences (CEXS) , Universitat Pompeu Fabra , Barcelona , Spain.,c Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES) , Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) , Barcelona , Spain
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98
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Yu L, Yu H, Li X, Jin C, Zhao Y, Xu S, Sheng X. P38 MAPK/miR-1 are involved in the protective effect of EGCG in high glucose-induced Cx43 downregulation in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. Cell Biol Int 2016; 40:934-42. [PMID: 27306406 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The remodeling of cardiac gap junctions contributes to various arrhythmias in a diabetic heart. We previously reported that Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) attenuated connexin43 (Cx43) protein downregulation induced by high glucose (HG) in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes, but Cx43 mRNA expression was not affected. It indicated the possible mechanisms of post-transcriptional regulation, which still remains unclear. As microRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression widely at post-transcriptional level, we measured miR-1/206 in cardiomyocytes treated with HG and EGCG by quantitative RT-PCR and investigated their relationship with signal transduction pathways. The results showed that HG induced miR-1/206 elevation by PKC MAPK pathway. Moreover, we tested the negative regulation effect of miR-1/206 on Cx43 protein by miRNAs transfection. EGCG, however, nearly abolished the HG-induced miR-1 augmentation via P38 MAPK pathway. Therefore, our study suggested that PKC-activated miR-1/206 expression might contribute to Cx43 downregulation in HG-treated cardiomyocytes, and EGCG conferred protective effect by inhibiting miR-1 elevation via P38 MAPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, China
| | - Hongmei Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, China
| | - Xiaoting Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, China
| | - Chongying Jin
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, China
| | - Yanbo Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, China
| | - Shengjie Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, China
| | - Xia Sheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, China
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100
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