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Sampels S, Pickova J, Gatchell S, Karlsson A, Yngvesson J, Arvidsson Segerkvist K. Effect of genetic background, pen size and outdoor access on meat quality in two slow growing broiler hybrids. ACTA AGR SCAND A-AN 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/09064702.2020.1866061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Sampels
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - J. Pickova
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - S. Gatchell
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - A. Karlsson
- Department of Animal Environment and Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Skara, Sweden
| | - J. Yngvesson
- Department of Animal Environment and Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Skara, Sweden
| | - K. Arvidsson Segerkvist
- Department of Animal Environment and Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Skara, Sweden
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Transcriptome analyses reveals the dynamic nature of oil accumulation during seed development of Plukenetia volubilis L. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20467. [PMID: 33235240 PMCID: PMC7686490 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77177-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L.) is a shrub native to Amazon rainforests that’s of commercial interest as its seeds contain 35–60% edible oil (dry weight). This oil is one of the healthiest vegetable oils due to its high polyunsaturated fatty acid content and favourable ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acids. De novo transcriptome assembly and comparative analyses were performed on sacha inchi seeds from five stages of seed development in order to identifying genes associated with oil accumulation and fatty acid production. Of 30,189 unigenes that could be annotated in public databases, 20,446 were differentially expressed unigenes. A total of 14 KEGG pathways related to lipid metabolism were found, and 86 unigenes encoding enzymes involved in α-linolenic acid (ALA) biosynthesis were obtained including five unigenes encoding FATA (Unigene0008403), SAD (Unigene0012943), DHLAT (Unigene0014324), α-CT (Unigene0022151) and KAS II (Unigene0024371) that were significantly up-regulated in the final stage of seed development. A total of 66 unigenes encoding key enzymes involved in the synthesis of triacylglycerols (TAGs) were found, along with seven unigenes encoding PDCT (Unigene0000909), LPCAT (Unigene0007846), Oleosin3 (Unigene0010027), PDAT1 (Unigene0016056), GPDH (Unigene0022660), FAD2 (Unigene0037808) and FAD3 (Unigene0044238); these also proved to be up-regulated in the final stage of seed development.
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Martínez-Martínez MI, Alegre-Martínez A, Cauli O. Omega-3 Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Intake in Children: The Role of Family-Related Social Determinants. Nutrients 2020; 12:E3455. [PMID: 33187190 PMCID: PMC7697719 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids play a central role in neuronal growth and in the development of the human brain, since they are essential elements which depend on intake through diet to ensure an adequate amount. Fish and seafood are the main dietary sources of these fatty acids in Spain and in other countries. In order to assess the effect of the intake of common foods containing high amounts of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, a food frequency questionnaire was administered to parents of children and adolescents attending a primary school in Valencia (Spain), and the intake of dietary omega-3 such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) was estimated based on their fish/seafood consumption. Low frequencies of intake were significantly (p < 0.05) lower for many types of fish/seafood in children compared to adolescents. 27.5% of children/adolescents did not eat lean fish or other types (19.8% of the sample did not eat fatty fish, and 71.8% did not eat smoked fish) and 20-60% of the sample consumed seafood only once-three times a month, leading to a reduced estimated intake of EPA+DHA below that recommended for both groups by public health agencies. Social aspects, such as the type of work done by mothers and their educational levels are significant factors (p < 0.05 in both cases) affecting children's/adolescents' intake of DHA+EPA. Dietary interventions to increase the consumption of fish and seafood are strongly advised, and health promotion strategies should be aimed at the family level and fight against gender disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Isabel Martínez-Martínez
- Frailty and Cognitive Impairment Organized Group (FROG), University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
- Department of Nursing, University of Valencia, 46013 Valencia, Spain
| | - Antoni Alegre-Martínez
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cardenal Herrera University CEU, Avenida Seminario, s/n, 46113 Moncada, Valencia, Spain;
| | - Omar Cauli
- Frailty and Cognitive Impairment Organized Group (FROG), University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
- Department of Nursing, University of Valencia, 46013 Valencia, Spain
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Bee G, Quiniou N, Maribo H, Zamaratskaia G, Lawlor PG. Strategies to Meet Nutritional Requirements and Reduce Boar Taint in Meat from Entire Male Pigs and Immunocastrates. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E1950. [PMID: 33114075 PMCID: PMC7690666 DOI: 10.3390/ani10111950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper reviews the current knowledge on the nutritional requirements of entire male and immunocastrated pigs to obtain an efficient growth, low boar taint level, and good carcass and meat quality. We present the reasons for offering entire males ad libitum access to the diets in order to optimize their protein deposition potential. Boar taint is one of the major issues in the production of entire males; therefore, the impact of various skatole- and indole-reducing feed ingredients is discussed regarding their efficiency and the possible mechanism affecting skatole and indole production in the hindgut. Entire males have lean carcasses, so their intramuscular fat content can be lower than that of surgical castrates or females and the adipose tissue can be highly unsaturated. The possible nutritional strategies to counteract these effects are summarized. We conclude that immunocastrates can be fed similarly to entire males until the second vaccination. However, due to the metabolic changes occurring shortly after the second vaccination, the requirements for essential amino acids are markedly lower in immunocastrates than in entire males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Bee
- Agroscope, Institute for Livestock Sciences, La Tioleyre 4, 1725 Posieux, Switzerland
| | - Nathalie Quiniou
- IFIP-Institut du Porc, La Motte au Vicomte, 35650 Le Rheu, France;
| | - Hanne Maribo
- Pig Research Centre, Danish Agriculture & Food Council, Axeltorv 3, DK-1609 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Galia Zamaratskaia
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7015, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Peadar G. Lawlor
- Pig Development Department, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Moorepark, Fermoy, P61 C996 Co. Cork, Ireland;
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Abd El-Hameid AR, Sadak MS. Impact of glutathione on enhancing sunflower growth and biochemical aspects and yield to alleviate salinity stress. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2020.101744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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56
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Qin G, Xu D, Lou B, Chen R, Wang L, Tan P. iTRAQ-based quantitative phosphoproteomics provides insights into the metabolic and physiological responses of a carnivorous marine fish (Nibea albiflora) fed a linseed oil-rich diet. J Proteomics 2020; 228:103917. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2020.103917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Sahaka M, Amara S, Wattanakul J, Gedi MA, Aldai N, Parsiegla G, Lecomte J, Christeller JT, Gray D, Gontero B, Villeneuve P, Carrière F. The digestion of galactolipids and its ubiquitous function in Nature for the uptake of the essential α-linolenic acid. Food Funct 2020; 11:6710-6744. [PMID: 32687132 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo01040e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Galactolipids, mainly monogalactosyl diglycerides and digalactosyl diglycerides are the main lipids found in the membranes of plants, algae and photosynthetic microorganisms like microalgae and cyanobacteria. As such, they are the main lipids present at the surface of earth. They may represent up to 80% of the fatty acid stocks, including a large proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids mainly α-linolenic acid (ALA). Nevertheless, the interest in these lipids for nutrition and other applications remains overlooked, probably because they are dispersed in the biomass and are not as easy to extract as vegetable oils from oleaginous fruit and oil seeds. Another reason is that galactolipids only represent a small fraction of the acylglycerolipids present in modern human diet. In herbivores such as horses, fish and folivorous insects, galactolipids may however represent the main source of dietary fatty acids due to their dietary habits and digestion physiology. The development of galactolipase assays has led to the identification and characterization of the enzymes involved in the digestion of galactolipids in the gastrointestinal tract, as well as by microorganisms. Pancreatic lipase-related protein 2 (PLRP2) has been identified as an important factor of galactolipid digestion in humans, together with pancreatic carboxyl ester hydrolase (CEH). The levels of PLRP2 are particularly high in monogastric herbivores thus highlighting the peculiar role of PLRP2 in the digestion of plant lipids. Similarly, pancreatic lipase homologs are found to be expressed in the midgut of folivorous insects, in which a high galactolipase activity can be measured. In fish, however, CEH is the main galactolipase involved. This review discusses the origins and fatty acid composition of galactolipids and the physiological contribution of galactolipid digestion in various species. This overlooked aspect of lipid digestion ensures not only the intake of ALA from its main natural source, but also the main lipid source of energy for growth of some herbivorous species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moulay Sahaka
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, UMR7281 Bioénergétique et Ingénierie des Protéines, 31 Chemin Joseph Aiguier, 13009 Marseille, France.
| | - Sawsan Amara
- Lipolytech, Zone Luminy Biotech, 163 avenue de Luminy, 13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Jutarat Wattanakul
- Division of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Mohamed A Gedi
- Division of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Noelia Aldai
- Lactiker Research Group, Department of Pharmacy & Food Sciences, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Goetz Parsiegla
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, UMR7281 Bioénergétique et Ingénierie des Protéines, 31 Chemin Joseph Aiguier, 13009 Marseille, France.
| | | | - John T Christeller
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd (Plant & Food Research), Palmerston North Research Centre, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - David Gray
- Division of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Brigitte Gontero
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, UMR7281 Bioénergétique et Ingénierie des Protéines, 31 Chemin Joseph Aiguier, 13009 Marseille, France.
| | | | - Frédéric Carrière
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, UMR7281 Bioénergétique et Ingénierie des Protéines, 31 Chemin Joseph Aiguier, 13009 Marseille, France.
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Seaweeds, Intact and Processed, as a Valuable Component of Poultry Feeds. JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/jmse8080620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Poultry production is an important area of the agricultural economy. Nowadays, there is an interest in novel sources of feed additives that will improve production performance and poultry health. As an easily available and renewable biomass rich in biologically active compounds, seaweeds can meet this demand. Different forms of seaweeds–seaweed powder from naturally occurring biomass, cultivated or waste biomass, extracted compounds, post-extraction residues or liquid extracts–may be used in poultry feeding. Inclusion of this unconventional material in the poultry nutrition can positively influence the poultry performance along with its health and enrich poultry products with active compounds, such as micro- and macroelements, polyunsaturated fatty acids and pigments. Seaweeds also reduce lipids and cholesterol in eggs. Moreover, due to their unique properties, they can serve as an alternative to antibiotic growth promoters. This review presents the latest developments in the use of seaweeds in poultry nutrition, as well as its limitations.
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McGrowder DA, Miller FG, Nwokocha CR, Anderson MS, Wilson-Clarke C, Vaz K, Anderson-Jackson L, Brown J. Medicinal Herbs Used in Traditional Management of Breast Cancer: Mechanisms of Action. MEDICINES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 7:E47. [PMID: 32823812 PMCID: PMC7460502 DOI: 10.3390/medicines7080047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background: Breast cancer is one of the principal causes of death among women and there is a pressing need to develop novel and effective anti-cancer agents. Natural plant products have shown promising results as anti-cancer agents. Their effectiveness is reported as decreased toxicity in usage, along with safety and less recurrent resistances compared with hormonal targeting anti-cancer agents. Methods: A literature search was conducted for all English-language literature published prior to June 2020. The search was conducted using electronic databases, including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library. The search strategy included keywords such as breast cancer, herbs, anti-cancer biologically active components, clinical research, chemotherapy drugs amongst others. Results: The literature provides documented evidence of the chemo-preventative and chemotherapeutic properties of Ginseng, garlic (Allium sativum), Black cohosh (Actaea racemose), Tumeric (Curcuma longa), Camellia sinenis (green tea), Echinacea, Arctium (burdock), Flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum) and Black Cumin (Nigella sativa). Conclusions: The nine herbs displayed anti-cancer properties and their outcomes and mechanisms of action include inhibition of cell proliferation, angiogenesis and apoptosis as well as modulation of key intracellular pathways. However, more clinical trials and cohort human studies should be conducted to provide key evidence of their medical benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donovan A. McGrowder
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Kingston 7, Jamaica; (K.V.); (L.A.-J.); (J.B.)
| | - Fabian G. Miller
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education, The Mico University College, 1A Marescaux Road, Kingston 5, Jamaica;
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, The University of the West Indies, Kingston 7, Jamaica
| | - Chukwuemeka R. Nwokocha
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Kingston 7, Jamaica; (C.R.N.); (C.W.-C.)
| | - Melisa S. Anderson
- School of Allied Health and Wellness, College of Health Sciences, University of Technology, Kingston 7, Jamaica;
| | - Cameil Wilson-Clarke
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Kingston 7, Jamaica; (C.R.N.); (C.W.-C.)
| | - Kurt Vaz
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Kingston 7, Jamaica; (K.V.); (L.A.-J.); (J.B.)
| | - Lennox Anderson-Jackson
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Kingston 7, Jamaica; (K.V.); (L.A.-J.); (J.B.)
| | - Jabari Brown
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Kingston 7, Jamaica; (K.V.); (L.A.-J.); (J.B.)
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Sánchez-Gloria JL, Osorio-Alonso H, Arellano-Buendía AS, Carbó R, Hernández-Díazcouder A, Guzmán-Martín CA, Rubio-Gayosso I, Sánchez-Muñoz F. Nutraceuticals in the Treatment of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4827. [PMID: 32650586 PMCID: PMC7402298 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a severe disease characterized by the loss and obstructive remodeling of the pulmonary arterial wall, causing a rise in pulmonary arterial pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance, which is responsible for right heart failure, functional decline, and death. Although many drugs are available for the treatment of this condition, it continues to be life-threatening, and its long-term treatment is expensive. On the other hand, many natural compounds present in food have beneficial effects on several cardiovascular conditions. Several studies have explored many of the potential beneficial effects of natural plant products on PAH. However, the mechanisms by which natural products, such as nutraceuticals, exert protective and therapeutic effects on PAH are not fully understood. In this review, we analyze the current knowledge on nutraceuticals and their potential use in the protection and treatment of PAH, as well as whether nutraceuticals could enhance the effects of drugs used in PAH through similar mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- José L. Sánchez-Gloria
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico; (J.L.S.-G.); (C.A.G.-M.); (I.R.-G.)
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico;
| | - Horacio Osorio-Alonso
- Departamento de Fisiopatología Cardio-Renal, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (H.O.-A.); (A.S.A.-B.)
| | - Abraham S. Arellano-Buendía
- Departamento de Fisiopatología Cardio-Renal, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (H.O.-A.); (A.S.A.-B.)
| | - Roxana Carbó
- Departamento de Biomedicina Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico;
| | - Adrián Hernández-Díazcouder
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico;
- Posgrado en Biología Experimental, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Mexico City 09340, Mexico
| | - Carlos A. Guzmán-Martín
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico; (J.L.S.-G.); (C.A.G.-M.); (I.R.-G.)
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico;
| | - Ivan Rubio-Gayosso
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico; (J.L.S.-G.); (C.A.G.-M.); (I.R.-G.)
| | - Fausto Sánchez-Muñoz
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico; (J.L.S.-G.); (C.A.G.-M.); (I.R.-G.)
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico;
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Stødkilde L, Ambye-Jensen M, Krogh Jensen S. Biorefined grass-clover protein composition and effect on organic broiler performance and meat fatty acid profile. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2020; 104:1757-1767. [PMID: 32578924 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Protein extracted from green biomass can be a sustainable and valuable feed component for organic poultry production. Earlier studies in rats have shown high digestibility of laboratory-scale extracted protein. The aim of this study was to test the effect of upscaling the biorefining process on composition of protein extracted from organic grass-clover and on performance of organic broilers when including grass-clover in the feed. Crude protein content of the extracted grass-clover protein was 36.2% of dry matter (DM) with a higher methionine content, but lower lysine and total sulphur-containing amino acids than that in soybean. Acid-insoluble residue constituted a major fraction of the dietary fibre content, and a large proportion of total CP was bound in this fraction. Alpha-linolenic acid was the dominating fatty acid in the extracted grass-clover protein. One-day-old organic Colour Yield broiler chicks were included in a dose-response trial with grass-clover protein constituting 0%, 8%, 16% or 24% of the feed from day 12 and until slaughter at day 57. Increasing levels of grass-clover protein extract reduced feed intake, growth and slaughter weight; however, at 8% inclusion feed intake and performance were not affected. The fatty acid composition in broiler breast meat reflected the composition of grass-clover protein extract; thus, the increasing dietary addition increased meat alpha-linolenic acid content. A lowered tocopherol content in meat from broilers fed increasing grass-clover protein demonstrated the need for increased amounts of antioxidants due to the high content of unsaturated fat. In conclusion, the study shows that broilers can grow on grass-clover protein from an upscaled biorefining process, but highlights the importance of further optimisation with focus on increased protein content and on avoiding formation of insoluble protein complexes, as these most likely reduce protein digestibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lene Stødkilde
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University Foulum, Tjele, Denmark
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Spasibionek S, Mikołajczyk K, Ćwiek–Kupczyńska H, Piętka T, Krótka K, Matuszczak M, Nowakowska J, Michalski K, Bartkowiak-Broda I. Marker assisted selection of new high oleic and low linolenic winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) inbred lines revealing good agricultural value. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233959. [PMID: 32497146 PMCID: PMC7272079 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) breeding lines producing oil characterized by high oleic and low linolenic acid content is an important goal of rapeseed breeding programs worldwide. Such kind of oil is ideal for deep frying and can also be used as a raw material for biodiesel production. By performing chemical mutagenesis using ethyl methanesulfonate, we obtained mutant winter rapeseed breeding lines that can produce oil with a high content of oleic acid (C18:1, more than 75%) and a low content of linolenic acid (C18:3, less than 3%). However, the mutant lines revealed low agricultural value as they were characterized by low seed yield, low wintering, and high content of glucosinolates in seed meal. The aim of this work was to improve the mutant lines and develop high-oleic and low-linolenic recombinants exhibiting both good oil quality and high agronomic value. The plant materials used in this study included high-oleic and low-linolenic mutant breeding lines and high-yielding domestic canola-type breeding lines of good agricultural value with high oleic acid content and extremely low glucosinolates content. Field trials were conducted in four environments, in a randomized complete block design. Phenotyping was performed for wintering, yield of seed and oil, and seed quality traits. Genotype × environment interaction was investigated with respect to the content of C18:1 and C18:3 acids in seed oil. Genotyping was done for the selection of homozygous high oleic and low linolenic lines using allele-specific CAPS markers and SNaPshot assay, respectively. Finally, new high oleic and low linolenic winter rapeseed recombinant lines were obtained for use as a starting material for the development of new varieties that may be of high value on the oil crop market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanisław Spasibionek
- Department of Genetics and Breeding of Oilseed Crops, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute-National Research Institute (PBAI-NRI), Poznan, Greater Poland, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Mikołajczyk
- Department of Genetics and Breeding of Oilseed Crops, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute-National Research Institute (PBAI-NRI), Poznan, Greater Poland, Poland
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Teresa Piętka
- Department of Genetics and Breeding of Oilseed Crops, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute-National Research Institute (PBAI-NRI), Poznan, Greater Poland, Poland
| | - Krystyna Krótka
- Department of Genetics and Breeding of Oilseed Crops, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute-National Research Institute (PBAI-NRI), Poznan, Greater Poland, Poland
| | - Marcin Matuszczak
- Department of Genetics and Breeding of Oilseed Crops, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute-National Research Institute (PBAI-NRI), Poznan, Greater Poland, Poland
| | - Joanna Nowakowska
- Department of Genetics and Breeding of Oilseed Crops, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute-National Research Institute (PBAI-NRI), Poznan, Greater Poland, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Michalski
- Department of Genetics and Breeding of Oilseed Crops, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute-National Research Institute (PBAI-NRI), Poznan, Greater Poland, Poland
| | - Iwona Bartkowiak-Broda
- Department of Genetics and Breeding of Oilseed Crops, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute-National Research Institute (PBAI-NRI), Poznan, Greater Poland, Poland
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Tsereniuk OM, Bobrytska OM, Miroshnikova OS, Danchuk OV. DNA-type results of Landrace sows for RYR1-gene and its association with productivity. REGULATORY MECHANISMS IN BIOSYSTEMS 2020. [DOI: 10.15421/022066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently the assessment of QTL genes has been a relevant focus of research. Among other genes, the RYR1 is one of the most important. Research on this gene for Landrace sows of Ukrainian selection has been insufficient. This fact confirms the need for our work. A total of 63 Landrace sows from different families were evaluated by reproductive qualities for two generations. A comprehensive assessment of the sows’ reproductive ability was performed using the SIRQS-index. Determination of polymorphism in the RYR1 gene in pigs was performed by using DNA-typing of animals. Genetic potential was calculated between two generations “mother-daughter”. By assessment of polymorphism of the RYR1 gene, it was found that 6.3% of the Landrace sows were the carriers for the mutant allele of the RYR1 gene. No animals with the RYR1nn genotype were detected. Accordingly, animals with the RYR1NN genotype accounted for 93.6%. The frequency of the N allele of the RYR1 gene was 0.97, the n frequency of the RYR1 gene allele was 0.03. Sows with RYR1NN genotype had a higher level of reproductive ability compared to the RYR1Nn genotype. RYR1NN genotype also had a higher level of genetic potential. The greatest progress was established between generations of Landrace sows which were carriers for the mutant allele. The highest values of this progress were by the NBA, the lowest – by the NW. On the contrary, there was regression between populations for part of the population (Landrace sows of Ukrainian selection of RYR1Nn genotype) by the all estimated indicators of reproductive ability. Sows that were free of the mutant allele of the RYR-1 gene had high SIRQS index. The phenotypic consolidation coefficients by the NBA were lower for sows free of the mutant allele than for its carrier. The advantage of sows free of the mutant allele of the RYR-1 gene over its carrier sows was established in almost all assessed indicators of reproductive ability. No significant differences in the level of consolidation of reproductive ability between sows with different allelic variants of the RYR-1 gene were established. The higher productive level of sows with RYR1NN genotype is reflected in the indicators of economic efficiency of production. It allows higher levels of profitability to be obtained and net profit to be increased by 1093 UAH compared to sows with RYR1Nn genotype. The further monitoring of the studied gene and the gradual elimination of carriers of the mutant allele is a promising direction in breeding work.
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Use of Tea Tree Essential Oil (Melaleuca alternifolia) in Laying Hen’s Nutrition on Performance and Egg Fatty Acid Profile as a Promising Sustainable Organic Agricultural Tool. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12083420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The level of production in a variety of organic production systems is often lower than in other traditional production systems. In poultry production, there is also a direct negative effect of the small scale regarding sustainable organic poultry production. Regardless of differences between organic and conventional production systems, this experiment aimed to investigate the usage of tea tree Melaleuca alternifolia (Maiden and Betche) Cheel essential oils as a natural alternative to antibiotics in hen nutrition on productive parameters, table egg quality and eggs fatty acid profile as a promising sustainable organic agricultural tool. A total of 360 Lohmann Brown hens, aged 54 weeks, divided into three different treatment diets, were supplemented with 0 (T1), 40 (T2) and 80 mg/kg (T3) of M. alternifolia essential oil, respectively. Experimental treatments were replicated four times within 30 birds each. The experiment lasted for a total of 56 days (55 to 62 weeks of hens age). A 56-day experimental had two timetable periods of 28 days each: period 1 (55 to 58 weeks of hen age) and period 2 (59 to 62 weeks of hen age). For compound feed supplemented with M. alternifolia essential oil, daily egg production and the efficiency of nutrient utilization (FCR) was improved significantly (p < 0.05) until the end of week 58, with a significant (p < 0.05) increase in the thickness of eggshell, as well as egg production (p < 0.05). However, egg mass, feed consumption, FCR and albumen height, Haugh unit, and eggshell strength did not show any significant (p > 0.05) differences influenced by essential oil feed supplementation. Lower concentrations of saturated fatty acid (SFA) and monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), and higher concentrations of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), were recorded with M. alternifolia essential oil supplementation, but without significant (p > 0.05) differences. At the end of the experiment, the obtained results showed that the addition of M. alternifolia essential oil to hen nutrition had a positive effect on production parameters and eggs fatty acid profile, with increased eggshell thickness (p < 0.05).
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65
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Abu-Saad K, Kaufman-Shriqui V, Freedman LS, Belmaker I, Fraser D. Preconceptional diet quality is associated with birth outcomes among low socioeconomic status minority women in a high-income country. Eur J Nutr 2020; 60:65-77. [PMID: 32185478 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02221-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Studies of the association between maternal nutrition and birth outcomes have investigated differing nutrients, maternal socioeconomic conditions, and timing within the reproductive cycle; and have produced inconsistent results. We evaluated the association of preconceptional maternal dietary intake with birth outcomes among low socioeconomic status ethnic minority women in a high-income country. METHODS In this prospective cohort study, habitual preconceptional dietary intake was assessed among pregnant Bedouin Arab women in Israel (n = 384), using a short culturally specific, targeted food frequency questionnaire. Multiple nutrients (protein, lysine, calcium, iron, zinc, folate, omega-3 fatty acids) were evaluated simultaneously via a diet quality score derived from principal component analysis. Multivariable logistic regression was used to test associations between the diet quality score and a composite adverse birth outcomes variable, including preterm birth, low birth weight and small for gestational age. RESULTS Sixty-nine women (18%) had adverse birth outcomes. Women with low preconceptional diet quality scores had low intakes of nutrient-rich plant foods, bioavailable micronutrients, and complete proteins. In multivariable analysis, a woman at the 10th percentile of the diet quality score had a 2.97 higher odds (95% CI 1.28-6.86) of an adverse birth outcome than a woman at the 90th percentile. CONCLUSION Low diet quality during the preconceptional period was associated with adverse birth outcomes among low socioeconomic status minority women in a high-income country. The results have implications for the development of appropriate intervention strategies to prevent adverse birth outcomes, and the promotion of adequate nutrition throughout the child-bearing years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Abu-Saad
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, The S. Daniel Abraham International Center for Health and Nutrition, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84105, Beer-Sheva, Israel. .,Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Gertner Institute for Epidemiology and Health Policy Research, Sheba Medical Center, 52621, Ramat Gan, Israel.
| | - Vered Kaufman-Shriqui
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Ariel University, 65 Ramat HaGolan St, Ariel, Israel
| | - Laurence S Freedman
- Biostatistics and Biomathematics Unit, Gertner Institute for Epidemiology and Health Policy Research, 52621, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Ilana Belmaker
- Division of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84105, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Drora Fraser
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, The S. Daniel Abraham International Center for Health and Nutrition, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84105, Beer-Sheva, Israel
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66
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Michalak I, Andrys M, Korczyński M, Opaliński S, Łęska B, Konkol D, Wilk R, Rój E, Chojnacka K. Biofortification of Hens Eggs with Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids by New Dietary Formulation: Supercritical Microalgal Extract. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10030499. [PMID: 32192036 PMCID: PMC7143336 DOI: 10.3390/ani10030499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of Spirulina platensis, formulation containing microalgal extract, post-extraction residue, and formulation without algal extract (containing only emulsifier) on the content of FAs in the eggs of laying hens. The experiment was conducted on 90 laying hens (ISA Brown) as a completely randomized design. Hens were assigned to five experimental groups (six replicates). The FAs content in eggs was determined after 30, 60, 90, and 120 days of the experiment. There were no statistically significant differences in FA profiles after 30 days of the experiment. It was shown that after 60, 90, and 120 days of the experiment, the investigated additives had a significant impact on the content of such acids as: dodecanoic acid (C12:0), C15:0, nonadecanoic acid (C19:0), myristoleic acid (C14:1 n-5), α-linolenic acid (ALA, C18:3 n-3), DPA, C20:2 n-6, and decosahexaenoic acid (DHA C22:6 n-6). There were also significant differences in total PUFA n-3, PUFA n-6, and n-6/n-3 ratio in eggs. The obtained results suggest that the use of algae extract and emulsifier in laying hens nutrition has the greatest impact on the FA profile in the eggs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Michalak
- Department of Advanced Material Technologies, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Smoluchowskiego 25, 50-372 Wrocław, Poland; (I.M.); (R.W.); (K.C.)
| | - Marita Andrys
- Department of Environment Hygiene and Animal Welfare, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 38C, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland; (M.A.); (M.K.); (S.O.)
| | - Mariusz Korczyński
- Department of Environment Hygiene and Animal Welfare, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 38C, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland; (M.A.); (M.K.); (S.O.)
| | - Sebastian Opaliński
- Department of Environment Hygiene and Animal Welfare, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 38C, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland; (M.A.); (M.K.); (S.O.)
| | - Bogusława Łęska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Umultowska 89b, 61-614 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Damian Konkol
- Department of Environment Hygiene and Animal Welfare, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 38C, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland; (M.A.); (M.K.); (S.O.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Radosław Wilk
- Department of Advanced Material Technologies, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Smoluchowskiego 25, 50-372 Wrocław, Poland; (I.M.); (R.W.); (K.C.)
| | - Edward Rój
- Supercritical Extraction Department, Łukasiewicz Research Network—New Chemical Syntheses Institute, Aleja Tysiąclecia Państwa Polskiego 13a, 24-110 Puławy, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Chojnacka
- Department of Advanced Material Technologies, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Smoluchowskiego 25, 50-372 Wrocław, Poland; (I.M.); (R.W.); (K.C.)
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Marquardt D, Heberle FA, Pan J, Cheng X, Pabst G, Harroun TA, Kučerka N, Katsaras J. The structures of polyunsaturated lipid bilayers by joint refinement of neutron and X-ray scattering data. Chem Phys Lipids 2020; 229:104892. [PMID: 32061581 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2020.104892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We present the detailed structural analysis of polyunsaturated fatty acid-containing phospholipids namely, 1-palmitoyl-2-docosahexaenoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (PDPC) and 1-stearoyl-2-docosahexaenoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (SDPC). A newly developed molecular dynamics (MD) simulation parsing scheme for lipids containing fatty acids with multiple double bonds was implemented into the scattering density profile (SDP) model to simultaneously refine differently contrasted neutron and X-ray scattering data. SDP analyses of scattering data at 30 °C yielded lipid areas of 71.1 Å2 and 70.4 Å2 for PDPC and SDPC bilayers, respectively, and a model free analysis of PDPC at 30 °C resulted in a lipid area of 72 Å2. In addition to bilayer structural parameters, using area-constrained MD simulations we determined the area compressibility modulus, KA, to be 246.4 mN/m, a value similar to other neutral phospholipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drew Marquardt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada; Department of Physics, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada.
| | | | - Jianjun Pan
- Department of Physics, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL USA
| | - Xiaolin Cheng
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Georg Pabst
- University of Graz, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Biophysics Division, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Thad A Harroun
- Department of Physics, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Norbert Kučerka
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics, Dubna, Russia and Department of Physical Chemistry of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - John Katsaras
- Department of Physics, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada; The Bredesen Center, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA; Shull Wollan Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA; Large Scale Structures Group, Neutron Sciences Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA.
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68
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Mokoena NZ, Sebolai OM, Albertyn J, Pohl CH. Synthesis and function of fatty acids and oxylipins, with a focus on Caenorhabditis elegans. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2020; 148:106426. [PMID: 32032704 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2020.106426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) exhibit a diverse range of important biological functions in most biological systems. These PUFAs can be oxygenated via enzymatic or free radical-mediated reactions to form bioactive oxygenated lipid mediators termed oxylipins. Eicosanoids are broad class of oxylipins that are transient and locally synthesized signalling molecules, including prostaglandins, leukotrienes, lipoxins and thromboxanes, which mediate various physiological responses, such as inflammation. In addition to arachidonic acid-derived eicosanoids, current developments in lipidomic methodologies have brought attention to vast number of oxylipins produced from other PUFAs, including omega-3. Although, the molecular mechanisms of how PUFAs and oxylipins contribute to majority of the fundamental biological processes are largely unclear, a model organism Caenorhabditis elegans remains a powerful model for exploring lipid metabolism and functions of PUFAs and oxylipins. For instance, the ability of C. elegans to modify fatty acid composition with dietary supplementation and genetic manipulation enables the dissection of the roles of omega-3 and omega-6 PUFAs in many biological processes that include aging, reproduction, and neurobiology. However, much remains to be elucidated concerning the roles of oxylipins, but thus far, C. elegans is well-known for the synthesis of vast set of cytochrome (CYP) eicosanoids. These CYP eicosanoids are extremely susceptible to changes in the relative bioavailability of the different PUFAs, thus providing a better insight into complex mechanisms connecting essential dietary fatty acids to various biological processes. Therefore, this review provides an overview of the synthesis and function of PUFAs and oxylipins in mammals. It also focusses on what is known regarding the production of PUFAs and oxylipins in C. elegans and their functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Z Mokoena
- Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - O M Sebolai
- Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - J Albertyn
- Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - C H Pohl
- Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa.
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Petkova ZY, Antova GA, Angelova-Romova MY. Biologically active components and health benefits of nettle seed oil. GRASAS Y ACEITES 2020. [DOI: 10.3989/gya.0108191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The biologically active components of nettle seed oil and important lipid indices, which are criteria for the health benefits of the oil, have been examined. Linoleic acid predominates in triacylglycerols (77.7%), followed by oleic (16.2%). Sterols in the lipids are present at 1.1% and β-sitosterol is the main component (90.1%). The oil contains 711 mg/kg tocopherols and γ-tocopherol predominates (36.1%), followed by α-tocopherol (28.9%) and δ-tocopherol (26.9%). Atherogenicity and thrombogenicity index values are significantly low, which determine the best anti-atherogenic and anti-thrombogenic properties of the oil. The cholesterolemic index and the ratio of polyunsaturated and saturated fatty acids are considerably higher than 1.0 and reveal good hypocholesterolemic potential and nutritional value. The content of biologically active components of nettle seed oil indicates that it is a rich source of essential fatty acids, sterols and tocopherols and this oil can be used in food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical products.
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Castro-Tamayo CB, Rios-Rincón FG, Castillo-Lopez RI, Contreras-Pérez G, Molina-Barrios RM, Heredia JB, Muy-Rangel MDI, Portillo-Loera JJ. Effect of Essential Fatty Acid Proportion in Feed on Productive and Reproductive Performance of Japanese Quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica). BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2019-1014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - JB Heredia
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, Mexico
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71
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Osyp Y, Osyp M, Rakovets O. Optimization of the relation of ω-6 / ω-3 fatty acids in sunflower oil. SCIENCERISE: BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.15587/2519-8025.2019.189139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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72
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Haghighatsiar N, Askari G, Saraf-Bank S, Feizi A, Keshmiri H. Effect of Flaxseed Powder on Cardiovascular Risk Factor in Dyslipidemic and Hypertensive Patients. Int J Prev Med 2019; 10:218. [PMID: 31929865 PMCID: PMC6941378 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_563_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Hyperlipidemia and hypertension are the most important causes of ischemic heart disease. There is evidence that flaxseed powder can improve lipid profile and blood pressure. In this study, we want to investigate the effects of flaxseed powder consumption on patients with hyperlipidemia and hypertension. Methods: This randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial was performed on 80 hyperlipidemic and hypertensive patients (men and women between 20 and 60 years old). In this study, participants were recruited from Imam Khomeini hospital clinics of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences in 2017 randomly allocated to flaxseed powder group and placebo group. The intervention group received 36 g of flaxseed sachet (n = 40), and control group received 12 g placebo sachet (n = 40) for 8 weeks. Serum lipid profiles, blood pressure, fasting blood sugar, and anthropometric indices were measured. Data were analyzed by using SPSS. Results: We found significant reduction (P < 0.001) in anthropometric indices (waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio) and lipid profiles (triglycerides [P = 0.015], total cholesterol [P = 0.018], and low-density lipoprotein [P < 0.001]) within flaxseed group in comparison with placebo group. Conclusions: Based on beneficial effects of flaxseed on cardiovascular risk factors, it seems that flaxseed consumption can be considered as a useful therapeutic approach for reducing lipid profile and anthropometric indices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naemeh Haghighatsiar
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Askari
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sahar Saraf-Bank
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Avat Feizi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Isfahan Endocrine and Metabolism Research Center, School of Public Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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73
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Upadhyaya I, Arsi K, Fanatico A, Wagle B, Shrestha S, Upadhyay A, Coon C, Schlumbohm M, Trushenski J, Owens-Hanning C, Riaz M, Farnell M, Donoghue D, Donoghue A. Bigheaded Carp-Based Meal as a Sustainable and Natural Source of Methionine in Feed for Ecological and Organic Poultry Production. J APPL POULTRY RES 2019. [DOI: 10.3382/japr/pfz077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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74
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Zhao N, Xin H, Li Z, Wang Z, Zhang L. Supplemental Feeding of Laying Hens with Wood Vinegar to Decrease the Ratio of n-6 to n-3 Fatty Acids in Eggs. Chem Res Chin Univ 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-019-9140-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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75
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Elblehi SS, El Euony OI, El-Sayed YS. Apoptosis and astrogliosis perturbations and expression of regulatory inflammatory factors and neurotransmitters in acrylamide-induced neurotoxicity under ω3 fatty acids protection in rats. Neurotoxicology 2019; 76:44-57. [PMID: 31647937 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2019.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
This study was aimed to investigate the potential ameliorative effects of omega-3 (ω3) fatty acids against acrylamide (ACR)-induced neurotoxicity. Thirty-two adult male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned into four groups (n = 8) as follows: control, ω3 fatty acids (1000 mg/kg bwt/day orally), ACR-treated (50 mg/kg bwt/day IP) and ACR plus ω3 fatty acids group. Treatments were performed every other day for 21 consecutive days. ACR induced abnormal gait and elevated serum levels of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α), brain and spinal cord MDA levels and decreased brain and spinal cord GSH levels. Moreover, it reduced neurotransmitters (acetylcholine, GABA, serotonin and noradrenaline levels) and increased AChE activity in brain tissues. Histopathologically, ACR caused various degenerative changes, necrosis and glial cell activation in the cerebrum, cerebellum, hippocampus, spinal cord and sciatic nerve. Likewise, the histomorphometric analysis was constant with ACR-induced neurotoxicity. The ACR induced axonal atrophy and myelin disruption and decreased g-ratio of the sciatic nerve. Immunohistochemically, strong positive expressions of apoptotic marker caspase-3 and astroglial GFAP in the examined tissues were detected. Contrariwise, concurrent administration of ω3 fatty acids partially attenuated ACR impacts, as it improved the gait performance, reduced oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory cytokines, and modulate the levels of the neurotransmitters. It also ameliorated the intensity of ACR-induced histopathological and histomorphometric alterations within the examined nervous tissues. It could be concluded that ω3 fatty acids have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic potentials against ACR neurotoxicity via suppression of oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation and pro-inflammatory cytokines, and inhibition of AChE activity and downregulation of caspase-3 and GFAP expressions in the nervous tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar S Elblehi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria 22758, Egypt
| | - Omnia I El Euony
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria 22758, Egypt
| | - Yasser S El-Sayed
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt.
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Łuczyńska J, Paszczyk B. Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals and Lipid Quality Indexes in Freshwater Fish from Lakes of Warmia and Mazury Region, Poland. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E3780. [PMID: 31597353 PMCID: PMC6801511 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16193780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of study were to determine heavy metals content (Zn, Cu, Mn, Fe and Hg) and fatty acids in selected organs of roach, Rutilus rutilus (L.); bream, Abramis brama (L.); pike, Esox lucius (L.); Eurasian perch, Perca fluviatilis (L.) collected from reservoirs of Warmia and Mazury region (northeastern Poland). Heavy metals were determined with atomic absorption spectrometry AAS. The fatty acids were analyzed using gas chromatography. In a few cases, differences in the content of heavy metals and fatty acids were not significant between species. The muscles of fish characterized significantly higher values of mercury than other organs (p ≤ 0.05), except for bream. The reverse regularity was observed in the case of content of Cu, Zn, Mn and Fe. Fatty acids having a desirable dietary effect in humans (DFA-Hypocholesterolaemic fatty acids) (74.00-74.84) were more than OFA (hypercholesterolaemic fatty acids), i.e., those undesirable (24.03-24.79). The lipid quality indexes AI (index of atherogenicity) (0.40-0.44) and TI (index of thrombogenicity) (0.18-0.24) in muscles of fish were low, which means that the meat of the fish may be recommended for human health. THQ (target hazard quotient) and HI (hazard index) as individual foodstuff were below 1, whereas HI for a specific receptor/pathway combination exceeded 1. This may suggest that eating meat from a given species is safe from a health point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Łuczyńska
- Faculty of Food Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, ul. Plac Cieszyński 1, 10726 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Beata Paszczyk
- Faculty of Food Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, ul. Plac Cieszyński 1, 10726 Olsztyn, Poland.
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Burns-Whitmore B, Froyen E, Heskey C, Parker T, San Pablo G. Alpha-Linolenic and Linoleic Fatty Acids in the Vegan Diet: Do They Require Dietary Reference Intake/Adequate Intake Special Consideration? Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11102365. [PMID: 31590264 PMCID: PMC6835948 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Good sources of the long-chain n-3 fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) include cold-water fish and seafood; however, vegan diets (VGNs) do not include animal-origin foods. Typically, US omnivores obtain enough dietary EPA and DHA, but unless VGNs consume algal n-3 supplements, they rely on endogenous production of long-chain fatty acids. VGN diets have several possible concerns: (1) VGNs have high intakes of linoleic acid (LA) as compared to omnivore/non-vegetarian diets. (2) High intakes of LA competitively interfere with the endogenous conversion of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) to EPA and DHA. (3) High somatic levels of LA/low ALA indicate a decreased ALA conversion to EPA and DHA. (4) Some, not all VGNs meet the Dietary Reference Intake Adequate Intake (DRI-AI) for dietary ALA and (5) VGN diets are high in fiber, which possibly interferes with fat absorption. Consequently, health professionals and Registered Dietitians/Registered Dietitian Nutritionists working with VGNs need specific essential fatty acid diet guidelines. The purpose of this review was: (1) to suggest that VGNs have a DRI-AI Special Consideration requirement for ALA and LA based on VGN dietary and biochemical indicators of status and (2) to provide suggestions to ensure that VGNs receive adequate intakes of LA and ALA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonny Burns-Whitmore
- Nutrition and Food Science Department, Don B Huntley College of Agriculture, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, CA 91768, USA.
| | - Erik Froyen
- Nutrition and Food Science Department, Don B Huntley College of Agriculture, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, CA 91768, USA.
| | - Celine Heskey
- Nutrition Department, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA.
| | - Temetra Parker
- Nutrition and Food Science Department, Don B Huntley College of Agriculture, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, CA 91768, USA.
| | - Gregorio San Pablo
- Nutrition and Food Science Department, Don B Huntley College of Agriculture, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, CA 91768, USA.
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Laying hen rearing systems: a review of chemical composition and hygienic conditions of eggs. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2019. [DOI: 10.1017/s0043933914000130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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81
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82
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Gladyshev MI, Sushchik NN. Long-chain Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Natural Ecosystems and the Human Diet: Assumptions and Challenges. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9090485. [PMID: 31547473 PMCID: PMC6770104 DOI: 10.3390/biom9090485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past three decades, studies of essential biomolecules, long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids of the omega-3 family (LC-PUFAs), namely eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3, EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3, DHA), have made considerable progress, resulting in several important assumptions. However, new data, which continue to appear, challenge these assumptions. Based on the current literature, an attempt is made to reconsider the following assumptions: 1. There are algal classes of high and low nutritive quality. 2. EPA and DHA decrease with increasing eutrophication in aquatic ecosystems. 3. Animals need EPA and DHA. 4. Fish are the main food source of EPA and DHA for humans. 5. Culinary treatment decreases EPA and DHA in products. As demonstrated, some of the above assumptions need to be substantially specified and changed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michail I Gladyshev
- Institute of Biophysics of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademgorodok, 50/50, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia.
- Siberian Federal University, Svobodny av. 79, Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russia.
| | - Nadezhda N Sushchik
- Institute of Biophysics of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademgorodok, 50/50, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia.
- Siberian Federal University, Svobodny av. 79, Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russia.
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83
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Gonzalez JM, Houser TA, O'Quinn TG, Nuttelman DE, Odgaard RL, Coulter JM, Faltys G, Stelzleni AM, Azain MJ. The effects of the LIPEX finishing diet regimen on pork quality, fatty acid profile, palatability, and color stability. Transl Anim Sci 2019; 4:339-351. [PMID: 32704994 PMCID: PMC6994056 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txz149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the effects of the LIPEX finishing diet regimen on pork chop n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content and fresh meat quality. Twenty-eight finishing pigs (PIC 359 × F1 Hermitage/NGT; initial BW 81.5 ± 2.55 kg) were subjected to a 49-d feeding trial. Treatments consisted of a 2 × 2 factorial design with Sex (n = 14 barrows and gilts each) and Diet as main effects. Dietary treatments consisted of a 2-phase standard finishing diet regimen or a 2-phase LIPEX finishing diet regimen (EXL Milling, Lloydminster, SK, Canada). The LIPEX diet regimen added the EXL LIPEX.FA369 additive during phase 1 and the EXL LIPEX.FA369 and XFE Omega-3 Finishing Touch during phase 2. Five-days postmortem, whole boneless pork loins were transported to the Kansas State University Meats Laboratory, aged 14 d, and halved immediately behind the spinalis dorsi. After blooming for 30 min, chops were evaluated for Japanese color score and National Pork Producers Council (NPPC) color and marbling scores. A 2.54-cm chop was taken immediately anterior to the loin cut and was used for fatty acid and proximate composition analyses. Four 2.54-cm chops were cut from the posterior portion of the loin and were utilized for a 7-d simulated retail display analyses, Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF), and trained sensory panel. There were no Sex × Diet interactions for all variables measured in the study (P > 0.10). The LIPEX finishing regimen increased chop C18:3n-3, C20:5, and C22:5, which decreased the n-6:n-3 ratio (P < 0.01). There were no Diet effects on pH, Japanese and NPPC color and marbling scores, and proximate composition (P > 0.23). Diet did not affect cook loss, WBSF, and trained sensory panel scores (P > 0.012). There were no 2- or 3-way interactions between Diet, Sex, and Day, or Diet and Sex main effects for L*a* values, surface oxy- and metmyoglobin percentages, or visual panel chop redness and surface discoloration scores (P > 0.14). Feeding the LIPEX finishing diet regimen increased chop n-3 PUFA content without negatively impacting fresh chop palatability or color stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Gonzalez
- University of Georgia, Department of Animal and Dairy Science, Athens, GA
| | - Terry A Houser
- Kansas State University, Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Manhattan, KS
| | - Travis G O'Quinn
- Kansas State University, Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Manhattan, KS
| | | | | | | | - Gary Faltys
- Midwest Veterinary Services, Inc., Oakland, NE
| | | | - Michael J Azain
- University of Georgia, Department of Animal and Dairy Science, Athens, GA
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Marchiori MS, Oliveira RC, Souza CF, Baldissera MD, Ribeiro QM, Wagner R, Gündel SS, Ourique AF, Kirinus JK, Stefani LM, Boiago MM, da Silva AS. Curcumin in the diet of quail in cold stress improves performance and egg quality. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2019.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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85
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Özcan MM, Al Juhaimi F, Uslu N, Ghafoor K, Babiker EE, Mohamed Ahmed IA, Alsawmahi ON. Effect of boiling on fatty acid composition and tocopherol content of hen, duck, and quail egg oils. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.13986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Musa Özcan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Food Engineering Selcuk University Konya Turkey
| | - Fahad Al Juhaimi
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Nurhan Uslu
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Food Engineering Selcuk University Konya Turkey
| | - Kashif Ghafoor
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Elfadil E. Babiker
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Isam A. Mohamed Ahmed
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Omer N. Alsawmahi
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
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86
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Westbrook LA, Cherian G. Egg quality, fatty-acid composition and gastrointestinal morphology of layer hens fed whole flaxseed with enzyme supplementation. Br Poult Sci 2019; 60:146-153. [PMID: 30525943 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2018.1556783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
1. Flaxseed is a rich source of α-linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3 n-3). Feeding flaxseed to hens can increase n-3 fatty acids (FA) in eggs. However, non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) in flaxseed decrease nutrient digestibility and can have a negative impact on egg n-3 FA incorporation. Addition of carbohydrase enzymes to flaxseed-based diets can decrease the anti-nutritive effects of NSP. 2. An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of enzyme supplementation on FA composition and gastrointestinal morphology in hens fed flaxseed. A total of seventy-two, 51-week old brown layer hens were randomly assigned to one of the four dietary treatments (six replicates with three hens per replicate): corn-soybean based diet containing 0% flax (Control), 10% flax (Flax), Flax+0.05% enzyme (Flax+E1), or Flax+0.1% enzyme (Flax+E2) in a 120-day feeding trial. 3. Egg weight was highest in hens fed Flax+E1 (P < 0.05). Yolk weight was higher in Flax+E1 compared with the control and Flax+E2 and was not different from Flax treatment. ALA and total n-3 FA was highest in eggs from Flax+E2 hens (P < 0.05). Addition of enzyme has no effect of on docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), total long chain (>20-C FA), or n-6:n-3 FA ratio in eggs from hens fed flaxseed-based diets (P > 0.05). Over nine-fold increase in hepatic ALA was observed in the liver of hens fed flaxseed-based diets when compared with the control diet (P < 0.0001). No effect of enzyme supplementation was observed on liver ALA, DHA or long chain n-3 FA (P > 0.05). Enzyme supplementation reduced arachidonic acid, total n-6 and LC n-6 FA in liver tissue from hens fed flaxseed-based diets (P > 0.05). 4. Villi height and width was higher in the duodenum and jejunum of hens fed flax-based diets compared to the control (P < 0.05). Enzyme supplementation led to an increase in villi width in jejunum (P < 0.05) in hens fed Flax+E2 (P < 0.05). No effect of diet was observed in the crypt depth and villi height:crypt depth ratio in the jejunum (P > 0.05). 5. It was concluded that enzyme supplementation enhanced total n-3 FA deposition in eggs and liver and influence gastrointestinal morphology in layer hens fed flaxseed.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Westbrook
- a Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences , Oregon State University , Corvallis , OR , USA
| | - G Cherian
- a Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences , Oregon State University , Corvallis , OR , USA
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Jangprai A, Boonanuntanasarn S. Ubiquitous Promoters Direct the Expression of Fatty Acid Delta-6 Desaturase from Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Mol Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 28:281-292. [PMID: 31234173 DOI: 10.1159/000499568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In general, promoters have significant influence on recombinant protein production. Herein, we compared the performance of actin (pACT), phosphoglycerate kinase (pPGK), and translational elongation factor (pTEF) promoters for driving the expression of fatty acid delta-6 (Δ6) desaturase from Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus; Oni-fads2) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Our results showed that by applying real-time RT-PCR, the highest level of Oni-fads2 mRNA was observed in S. cerevisiae carrying the expression vector driven by pTEF promoters. Exogenous substrate C18:2n-6 was used to determine Δ6 activity by quantitatively determining the C18:3n-6 product. The results showed that highest Δ6 desaturation was observed when using pTEF as a promoter. Recombinant S. cerevisiae cells expressing Oni-fads2 driven by pTEF were tested with the substrate C18:3n-3, and Δ6 desaturation efficiently converted C18:3n-3 to C18:4n-3. Furthermore, crude extract of recombinant yeast also exhibited Δ6 activity. Thus, recombinant S. cerevisiae cells expressing Oni-fads2 driven by the pTEF promoter have potential as a yeast factory for the sustainable production of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Araya Jangprai
- School of Animal Production Technology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Surintorn Boonanuntanasarn
- School of Animal Production Technology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand,
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88
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Orang Z, Mozaffari-Khosravi H, Sivandzadeh G, Pantovic A. The effect of omega-3 supplementation on glycemic indices and lipid profile in type 2 diabetic patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A double-blind, randomized, clinical trial. MEDITERRANEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2019. [DOI: 10.3233/mnm-180265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Orang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Hassan Mozaffari-Khosravi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - GholamReza Sivandzadeh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ana Pantovic
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Serbia
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89
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Presence or absence? Primary structure, regioselectivity and evolution of Δ12/ω3 fatty acid desaturases in nematodes. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2019; 1864:1194-1205. [PMID: 31108204 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
For vertebrates, the adequate supply of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) by the diet, in particular ω3 long-chain PUFA, is considered essential for neural development, growth and reproduction. In contrast to aquatic ecosystems, ω3 long-chain PUFA apparently are not widely available in the terrestrial food chain. Their de novo synthesis requires the presence of Δ12 and ω3 fatty acid desaturase enzymes, which are absent in vertebrates but present, for example, in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (FAT-2 and FAT-1). This raises the question if soil-dwelling nematodes offer substantial supply of these valuable nutritional compounds in terrestrial food webs. BLAST searches in available nematode genomes revealed the existence of fat-2 like genes in almost all clade III-V species, but failed to identify orthologs in clade I-II nematodes. An additional RT-PCR screen across soil-dwelling nematode species identified six novel fat-2 like genes. Hints for the genetic basis of a ω3 (fat-1) desaturase activity was found only in selected clade IV-V species, but not in clades I to III nematodes. Fatty acid pattern analyses following a PUFA-free cultivation and enzymatic characterization of six selected fat-2 or fat-1 like desaturases in yeast confirmed the findings from the genetic approaches. Thus, in similar soil habitats, taxa exist that can synthesize ω3 long-chain PUFA (as Panagrolaimus, Mesorhabditis and Caenorhabditis) whereas others are unable to do so (Acrobeloides, Cephalobus and Oscheius). While these nematodes do not differ in trophic position or major diet, distinction in reproduction mode may have led to the observed variations in desaturase genes.
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90
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Tang F, Yang X, Liu D, Zhang X, Huang X, He X, Shi J, Li Z, Wu Z. Co-expression of fat1 and fat2 in transgenic pigs promotes synthesis of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Transgenic Res 2019; 28:369-379. [PMID: 31037571 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-019-00127-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) are essential for the development and health of mammals, such as humans and livestock. n-3 PUFAs must be supplied by diet due to the absence of a key gene, namely, delta-15 desaturase (fat1), which is responsible for synthesizing n-3 PUFAs from a major type of n-6 PUFAs, linoleic acid (LA). To increase the dietary intake of n-3 PUFAs for humans, fat1-expressing transgenic (TG) livestock have been produced to provide n-3 PUFA-rich meats for humans. However, these TG livestock synthesized n-3 PUFAs from diet-derived, instead of endogenously produced, n-6 PUFAs because they still lack the delta-12 desaturase (fat2) gene for catalyzing conversion of internal oleic acid (OA) to LA. To fill the gap in the de novo n-3 PUFA biosynthesis pathway and to increase n-3 PUFA content in livestock, TG pigs co-expressing fat1-fat2 were generated in the present work. The OA content decreased in fat1-fat2 TG pigs, suggesting that OA was converted to LA by fat2 transgene-encoded delta-12 desaturase. The n-3 PUFA level was elevated, and the n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio dropped in fat1-fat2 TG pigs, revealing that fat1 transgene promoted the synthesis of n-3 PUFAs from n-6 analogs. The expression levels of fatty acid elongase-5 (ELOVL5) and fatty acid elongase-2 (ELOVL2), which are two key enzyme genes for PUFA synthesis, as well as their transcription factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α, increased in fat1-fat2 TG pigs. Thus, the fat1 transgene enhanced n-3 PUFA synthesis by upregulating the expression of enzyme genes involved in the PUFA synthesis pathways. Overall, this study provided a new strategy to produce n-3 PUFA-rich meat for human consumption. The generated fat1-fat2 TG pigs can also serve as a large animal model for studying the roles of n-3 PUFAs in human development and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Tang
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Dewu Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xianwei Zhang
- Guangdong Wen's Breeding Swine Company, Yunfu, 527400, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoling Huang
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xiaoyan He
- Guangdong Wen's Breeding Swine Company, Yunfu, 527400, Guangdong, China
| | - Junsong Shi
- Guangdong Wen's Breeding Swine Company, Yunfu, 527400, Guangdong, China
| | - Zicong Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Zhenfang Wu
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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91
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Yang J, Fernández-Galilea M, Martínez-Fernández L, González-Muniesa P, Pérez-Chávez A, Martínez JA, Moreno-Aliaga MJ. Oxidative Stress and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation. Nutrients 2019; 11:E872. [PMID: 31003450 PMCID: PMC6521137 DOI: 10.3390/nu11040872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is a complex phenomenon characterized by the progressive loss of tissue and organ function. The oxidative-stress theory of aging postulates that age-associated functional losses are due to the accumulation of ROS-induced damage. Liver function impairment and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are common among the elderly. NAFLD can progress to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and evolve to hepatic cirrhosis or hepatic carcinoma. Oxidative stress, lipotoxicity, and inflammation play a key role in the progression of NAFLD. A growing body of evidence supports the therapeutic potential of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA), mainly docosahaexenoic (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), on metabolic diseases based on their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Here, we performed a systematic review of clinical trials analyzing the efficacy of n-3 PUFA on both systemic oxidative stress and on NAFLD/NASH features in adults. As a matter of fact, it remains controversial whether n-3 PUFA are effective to counteract oxidative stress. On the other hand, data suggest that n-3 PUFA supplementation may be effective in the early stages of NAFLD, but not in patients with more severe NAFLD or NASH. Future perspectives and relevant aspects that should be considered when planning new randomized controlled trials are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinchunzi Yang
- Centre for Nutrition Research, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Marta Fernández-Galilea
- Centre for Nutrition Research, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- IDISNA, Navarra's Health Research Institute, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Leyre Martínez-Fernández
- Centre for Nutrition Research, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Pedro González-Muniesa
- Centre for Nutrition Research, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- IDISNA, Navarra's Health Research Institute, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Centre of Biomedical Research Network, ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Adriana Pérez-Chávez
- Centre for Nutrition Research, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - J Alfredo Martínez
- Centre for Nutrition Research, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- IDISNA, Navarra's Health Research Institute, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Centre of Biomedical Research Network, ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Maria J Moreno-Aliaga
- Centre for Nutrition Research, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- IDISNA, Navarra's Health Research Institute, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Centre of Biomedical Research Network, ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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92
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Omri B, Chalghoumi R, Izzo L, Ritieni A, Lucarini M, Durazzo A, Abdouli H, Santini A. Effect of Dietary Incorporation of Linseed Alone or Together with Tomato-Red Pepper Mix on Laying Hens' Egg Yolk Fatty Acids Profile and Health Lipid Indexes. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11040813. [PMID: 30974860 PMCID: PMC6521111 DOI: 10.3390/nu11040813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of linseed incorporation in laying hens’ feed (alone or along with a tomato-red pepper mix) on laying hens’ egg yolk fatty acids profile, as well as on their atherogenic (IA) and thrombogenic (IT) health lipid indexes, and the ratio between the hypocholesterolemic and hypercholesterolemic fatty acids (HH). Sixty 27 weeks-old Novogen White laying hens were divided into three groups and given 100 g/hen/day of a standard diet (Control, C) containing 4.5% of ground linseed (Linseed diet, L), containing 1% of dried tomato paste and 1% sweet red pepper (Lineseeds-Tomato-Pepper, LTP). The linseed dietary inclusion significantly reduced the egg yolk content of palmitic acid from 25.41% (C) to 23.43% (L) and that of stearic acid from 14.75% (C) to 12.52% (L). Feeding 4.5% ground linseed did not affect the egg yolk content of α-Linolenic acid but significantly increased the egg yolk concentration of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) from 0.011% (C) to 0.047% (L) and that of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) from 1.94% (C) to 2.73% (L). The IA and the HH were not affected (p > 0.05) by the dietary addition of linseed, whereas the IT decreased (p < 0.05) from 1.16 (C) to 0.86 (L). Adding tomato-sweet red pepper mix to the linseed-supplemented feed did not affect the measured parameters as compared to the linseed dietary treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Besma Omri
- Laboratory of Improvement & Integrated Development of Animal Productivity & Food Resources, Higher School of Agriculture of Mateur, University of Carthage, Tabarka Road, Mateur, Bizerte 7030, Tunisia.
- National Agronomy Institute, University of Carthage, Avenue de la République, P.O. Box 77, Amilcar, Tunis 1054, Tunisia.
| | - Raja Chalghoumi
- Laboratory of Improvement & Integrated Development of Animal Productivity & Food Resources, Higher School of Agriculture of Mateur, University of Carthage, Tabarka Road, Mateur, Bizerte 7030, Tunisia.
| | - Luana Izzo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Alberto Ritieni
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Massimo Lucarini
- CREA-Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Durazzo
- CREA-Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy.
| | - Hédi Abdouli
- Laboratory of Improvement & Integrated Development of Animal Productivity & Food Resources, Higher School of Agriculture of Mateur, University of Carthage, Tabarka Road, Mateur, Bizerte 7030, Tunisia.
| | - Antonello Santini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy.
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93
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Saleh AA, Ahmed EAM, Ebeid TA. The impact of phytoestrogen source supplementation on reproductive performance, plasma profile, yolk fatty acids and antioxidative status in aged laying hens. Reprod Domest Anim 2019; 54:846-854. [PMID: 30916364 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of flaxseeds and/or fenugreek seeds as a source of phytoestrogens in laying feed on productive performance, egg quality, yolk fatty acids, plasma profile and antioxidative status in aged laying hens. A total of 120 Bovans Brown hens at 65 weeks of age were housed individually in laying cages in an open-sided building under a 16-hr light: 8-hr dark lighting schedule. Hens were randomly divided into four experimental treatments (n = 30 each): (a) control (basal diet without any supplementation); (b) 1 g/kg of flaxseeds; (c) 1 g/kg of fenugreek seeds; and (d) combination of 1 g/kg flaxseeds and 1 g/kg fenugreek seeds from 65 to 71 weeks of age. Hen-day egg production and egg mass were significantly increased by dietary supplementation of flaxseeds and/or fenugreek seeds, while feed intake was not affected; thus, feed conversion ratio was improved (p < 0.05). Weights of egg, albumen, yolk and shell were increased by the dietary treatments. Shell thickness and yolk colour were improved by supplementation of flaxseeds and/or fenugreek seeds. Yolk crude protein was not significantly affected by treatments; however, crude fat and calcium contents in yolk were increased and egg yolk cholesterol content was decreased. Interestingly, dietary supplementation of flaxseeds, fenugreek seeds and their combination had a significant positive effect on plasma luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, oestradiol-17β and triglycerides. Inclusion of flaxseeds and/or fenugreek seeds in the diets enhanced the serum glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities and reduced the malondialdehyde and total cholesterol concentrations in plasma. Dietary supplementation of flaxseeds and/or fenugreek seeds increased α-linolenic and linoleic acids in egg yolk. It could be concluded that inclusion of mixed sources of phytoestrogens in diets improved laying performance, egg quality, the antioxidative status, hormonal profile and steroidogenesis in aged laying hens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A Saleh
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Enas A M Ahmed
- Department of Animal and Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Aswan University, Aswan City, Egypt
| | - Tarek A Ebeid
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt.,Department of Animal Production and Breeding, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
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94
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Spasevski N, Peulić T, Banjac V, Rakita S, Pezo L, Čolović R, Basić Z. Natural additives in functional egg production. FOOD AND FEED RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.5937/ffr1902199s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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95
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Yeom WW, Kim HJ, Lee KR, Cho HS, Kim JY, Jung HW, Oh SW, Jun SE, Kim HU, Chung YS. Increased Production of α-Linolenic Acid in Soybean Seeds by Overexpression of Lesquerella FAD3-1. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1812. [PMID: 32082356 PMCID: PMC7005135 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Soybean is a major crop that is used as a source of vegetable oil for human use. To develop transgenic soybean with high α-linolenic acid (ALA; 18:3) content, the FAD3-1 gene isolated from lesquerella (Physaria fendleri) was used to construct vectors with two different seed-specific promoters, soybean β-conglycinin (Pβ-con) and kidney bean phaseolin (Pphas), and one constitutive cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter (P35S). The corresponding vectors were used for Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of imbibed mature half seeds. The transformation efficiency was approximately 2%, 1%, and 3% and 21, 7, and 17 transgenic plants were produced, respectively. T-DNA insertion and expression of the transgene were confirmed from most of the transgenic plants by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR), and Southern blot analysis. The fatty acid composition of soybean seeds was analyzed by gas chromatography. The 18:3 content in the transgenic generation T1 seeds was increased 7-fold in Pβ-con:PfFAD3-1, 4-fold in Pphas : PfFAD3-1, and 1.6-fold in P35S:PfFAD3-1 compared to the 18:3 content in soybean "Kwangankong". The increased content of 18:3 in the Pβ-con:PfFAD3-1 soybean (T1) resulted in a 52.6% increase in total fatty acids, with a larger decrease in 18:1 content than 18:2 content. The increase in 18:3 content was also maintained and reached 42% in the Pphas : PfFAD3-1 transgenic generation T2. Investigations of the agronomic traits of 12 Pβ-con:PfFAD3-1 transgenic lines (T1) revealed that plant height, number of branches, nodes, pods, total seeds, and total seed weight were significantly higher in several transgenic lines than those in non-transgenic soybean. Especially, an increase in seed size was observed upon expression of the PfFAD3-1 gene with the β-conglycinin promoter, and 6%-14% higher seed lengths were measured from the transgenic lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Woo Yeom
- Department of Molecular Genetics, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Dong-A University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Hye Jeong Kim
- Department of Molecular Genetics, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Dong-A University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Kyeong-Ryeol Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Hyun Suk Cho
- Department of Molecular Genetics, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Dong-A University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Jin-Young Kim
- Department of Molecular Genetics, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Dong-A University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Ho Won Jung
- Department of Molecular Genetics, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Dong-A University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Seon-Woo Oh
- Biosafety Division, National Institute of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Sang Eun Jun
- Department of Molecular Genetics, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Dong-A University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Hyun Uk Kim
- Department of Bioindustry and Bioresource Engineering, Plant Engineering Research Institute, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Hyun Uk Kim, ; Young-Soo Chung,
| | - Young-Soo Chung
- Department of Molecular Genetics, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Dong-A University, Busan, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Hyun Uk Kim, ; Young-Soo Chung,
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96
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SABER SEYYEDNAEIM, KUTLU HASANRUSTU. Effect of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acid inclusion in broiler breeder's diet on laying performance, egg quality, and yolk fatty acids composition. THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.56093/ijans.v88i12.85770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different dietary oil sources (omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acid) in female broiler breeders’ diets on laying performance, egg quality and yolk fatty acids composition. Ross-308 breeders (220; 25 weeks old) were used in this experiment for 6 weeks. Birds were placed in a complete randomized design with 4 dietary treatments (containing 2% soybean oil, 2% sunflower oil, 2% flaxseed oil, and 2% fish oil) and 5 replications containing 1 male + 10 females in each pen having a similar body weight (3,424 g) and egg production (86%). Results indicated that different sources of dietary oil had no significant effect on body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, and egg production but had a significant effect on egg weight. Also feeding the diets containing 2% of different fatty acids had a significant effect on some egg quality parameters and egg yolk fatty acids composition. It was concluded that inclusion of 2% flaxseed oil can improve laying performance, egg quality, and egg yolk fatty acids composition parameters in broiler breeders.
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97
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Chiroque G, Vásquez G, Vásquez E, Vásquez E, Más D, Betancur C, Ruiz C, Botello A, Martínez Y. Growth Performance, Carcass Traits and Breast Meat Fatty Acids Profile of Helmeted Guinea Fowls (Numida meleagris) Fed Increasing Level of Linseed (Linum usitatissimum) and Pumpkin Seed (Cucurbita moschata) Meals. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2018-0760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G Chiroque
- Universidad Nacional Pedro Ruiz Gallo, Perú
| | - G Vásquez
- Universidad Nacional Pedro Ruiz Gallo, Perú
| | - E Vásquez
- Universidad Nacional Pedro Ruiz Gallo, Perú
| | - E Vásquez
- Universidad Nacional Pedro Ruiz Gallo, Perú
| | - D Más
- Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Mexico
| | | | | | - A Botello
- Universidad Técnica “Luis Vargas Torres” de Esmeraldas, Ecuador
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98
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Kain V, Halade GV. Immune responsive resolvin D1 programs peritoneal macrophages and cardiac fibroblast phenotypes in diversified metabolic microenvironment. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:3910-3920. [PMID: 30191990 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Bioactive lipid mediators derived from n-3 and n-6 fatty acids are known to modulate leukocytes. Metabolic transformation of essential fatty acids to endogenous bioactive molecules plays a major role in human health. Here we tested the potential of substrates; linoleic acid (LA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and their bioactive products; resolvin D1 (RvD1) and 12- S-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETE) to modulate macrophage plasticity and cardiac fibroblast phenotype in presence or absence of lipid metabolizing enzyme 12/15-lipoxygenase (LOX). Peritoneal macrophages and cardiac fibroblasts were isolated from wild-type (C57BL/6J) and 12/15LOX -/- mice and treated with DHA, LA, 12(S)-HETE, and RvD1 for 4, 8, 12, and 24 hr. LA, DHA, 12(S)-HETE, and RvD1 elicited mRNA expression of proinflammatory markers; tumor necrosis factor-α ( Tnf-α), interleukin 6 ( IL-6), chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (Ccl2), and IL-1β in wild type (WT) and in 12/15LOX -/- macrophages at early time point (4 hr). Bioactive immunoresolvent RvD1 lowered the levels of Tnf-α, IL-6, and IL-1β at 24 hr time point. Both DHA and RvD1 stimulated the proresolving markers such as arginase 1 ( Arg-1), chitinase-like protein 3 ( Ym-1), and mannose receptor C-type 1 in WT macrophage. RvD1 induced proresolving phenotype Arg-1 expression in both WT 12/15LOX -/- macrophages even in presence of 12(S)-HETE. RvD1 peaked 5LOX expression in both WT and 12/15LOX -/- at 24 hr time point compared with DHA. RvD1 diminished cyclooxygenase-2 but upregulated 5LOX expression in fibroblast compared with DHA. In summary, the feed-forward enzymatic interaction with fatty acids substrates and direct mediators (RvD1 and 12(S)-HETE) are responsive in determining macrophages phenotype and cardiac fibroblast plasticity. Particularly, macrophages and fibroblast phenotypes are responsive to milieu and RvD1 governs the milieu-dependent chemokine signaling in presence or absence of 12/15LOX enzyme to resolve inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasundhara Kain
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Ganesh V Halade
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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99
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Wadhwani N, Patil V, Joshi S. Maternal long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid status and pregnancy complications. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2018; 136:143-152. [PMID: 28888333 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Maternal nutrition plays a crucial role in influencing fetal growth and birth outcome. Any nutritional insult starting several weeks before pregnancy and during critical periods of gestation is known to influence fetal development and increase the risk for diseases during later life. Literature suggests that chronic adult diseases may have their origin during early life - a concept referred to as Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) which states that adverse exposures early in life "program" risks for later chronic disorders. Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA), mainly omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids are known to have an effect on fetal programming. The placental supply of optimal levels of LCPUFA to the fetus during early life is extremely important for the normal growth and development of both placenta and fetus. Any alteration in placental development will result in adverse pregnancy outcome such as gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), preeclampsia, and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). A disturbed materno-fetal LCPUFA supply is known to be linked with each of these pathologies. Further, a disturbed LCPUFA metabolism is reported to be associated with a number of metabolic disorders. It is likely that LCPUFA supplementation during early pregnancy may be beneficial in improving the health of the mother, improving birth outcome and thereby reducing the risk of diseases in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Wadhwani
- Department of Nutritional Medicine, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune Satara Road, Pune 411043, India
| | - Vidya Patil
- Department of Nutritional Medicine, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune Satara Road, Pune 411043, India
| | - Sadhana Joshi
- Department of Nutritional Medicine, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune Satara Road, Pune 411043, India.
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100
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Menzel R, Geweiler D, Sass A, Simsek D, Ruess L. Nematodes as Important Source for Omega-3 Long-Chain Fatty Acids in the Soil Food Web and the Impact in Nutrition for Higher Trophic Levels. Front Ecol Evol 2018. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2018.00096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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