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Muid J, Stephenson KAJ, Hegazy E, Murphy CC. Behçet's disease presenting as bilateral occlusive retinal vasculitis in a young woman. BMJ Case Rep 2021; 14:e241794. [PMID: 33664044 PMCID: PMC7934770 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2021-241794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Javeria Muid
- Department of Ophthalmology, Royal Victoria Eye and Ear Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kirk A J Stephenson
- Department of Ophthalmology, Royal Victoria Eye and Ear Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Esraa Hegazy
- Department of Ophthalmology, Royal Victoria Eye and Ear Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Conor C Murphy
- Department of Ophthalmology, Royal Victoria Eye and Ear Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
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52
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Karadag O, Bolek EC. Management of Behcet's syndrome. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2021; 59:iii108-iii117. [PMID: 32348509 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keaa086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Behcet's syndrome (BS) is a variable vessel vasculitis with heterogeneous clinical features. Skin, mucosa and joint involvement can cause impairment of quality of life but do not cause permanent damage whereas untreated eye, vascular, nervous system and gastrointestinal system involvement can cause serious damage and even death. Management of BS as a multidisciplinary team enables a faster and more accurate diagnosis and well-integrated treatment strategies. Corticosteroids are the mainstay of therapy. Colchicine, AZA, ciclosporin-A, cyclophosphamide, IFN alpha, and tumour necrosis factor alpha inhibitors are other agents used as induction and/or maintenance therapy. Although biologic agents have been increasingly used, there are still unmet needs. Head-to-head comparison studies of some therapeutic options (e.g. TNF inhibitors vs IFN alpha in uveitis) are required. Novel therapeutic agents in the pipeline could change the standard of care for BS in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omer Karadag
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.,Hacettepe University Vasculitis Centre (HUVAC), Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ertugrul Cagri Bolek
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.,Hacettepe University Vasculitis Centre (HUVAC), Ankara, Turkey
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53
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Hahn HJ, Kwak SG, Kim DK, Kim JY. Association of Behçet disease with psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2531. [PMID: 33510251 PMCID: PMC7844410 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81972-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Behçet disease (BD) is a debilitating multi-systemic vasculitis with a litany of muco-cutaneous manifestations and potentially lethal complications. Meanwhile, psoriasis (PSO) is a cutaneous and systemic inflammatory disorder marked by hyperplastic epidermis and silvery scales, which may be accompanied by a distinct form of arthropathy called psoriatic arthritis (PsA). While the clinical pictures of these two are quite different, they feature some important similarities, most of which may stem from the autoinflammatory components of BD and PSO. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the prospective link between BD and cutaneous and articular manifestations of psoriasis. BD, PSO, and PsA cohorts were extracted using the National Health Insurance Service of Korea database. Using χ2 tests, prevalence of PSO and PsA with respect to BD status was analysed. Relative to non-BD individuals, those with personal history of BD were nearly three times more likely to be diagnosed with PSO. The adjusted odds ratio (aOR) was 2.36 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.91–2.93, p < 0.001]. Elevated PSO risk was more pronounced in the male BD cohort (aOR = 1.19, 95% CI 1.16–1.23, p < 0.001). In age-group sub-analysis, individuals over 65 years with PSO were one and a half times more likely to be affected with BD, relative to those under 65. The adjusted OR for the older group was 1.51 (95% CI 1.43–1.59, p < 0.001). BD individuals with “healthy” body weight were significantly less likely to be affected by PSO (aOR = 0.59, 95% CI 0.57–0.62, p < 0.001). On the other hand, there was a correlation between BMI and the risk of BD, with the “moderately obese (30–35 kg/m2)” group having an aOR of 1.24 (95% CI 1.12–1.38, p < 0.001). BD patients were also twice more likely to be associated with PsA (aOR = 2.19, 95% CI 1.42–3.38, p < 0.001). However, in contrast to the case of psoriatic disease itself, females were exposed to a greater risk of developing BD compared to the male PsA cohort (aOR = 2.02, 95% CI 1.88–2.16, p < 0.001). As with PSO, older BD patients were exposed to a significantly higher risk of developing PsA (aOR = 3.13, 95% CI 2.90–3.40, p < 0.001). Behçet disease may place an individual at a significantly increased risk of psoriasis, and still greater hazard of being affected with psoriatic arthritis. This added risk was pronounced in the male cohort, and tended to impact senile population, and this phenomenon may be related with the relatively poor prognosis of BD in males and PSO in older patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Jin Hahn
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, International St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Gyu Kwak
- Department of Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, Daegu Catholic University, 33, Duryugongwon-ro 17-gil, Nam-gu, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Kyu Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, 77 Sakju-ro, Gangwon-do, Chuncheon, 24253, Republic of Korea.,Institute of New Frontier Research, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Yeup Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, Konyang University, 158 Gwanjeodong-ro, Seo-gu, Daejeon, 35365, Republic of Korea. .,Myunggok Medical Research Institutue, College of Mediine, Konyang University, Daejeon, 35365, Republic of Korea.
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54
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Gurcan M, Esatoglu SN, Hamuryudan V, Saygin D, Ugurlu S, Seyahi E, Melikoglu M, Fresko I, Yurdakul S, Yazici H, Hatemi G. Long term follow-up of Behçet's syndrome patients treated with cyclophosphamide. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2021; 59:2264-2271. [PMID: 31840168 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kez598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES CYC remains an important treatment option for Behçet's syndrome (BS) patients with life-threatening manifestations. However, adverse events may occur with CYC and this has led to increased use of biologic agents in other vasculitides. We investigated short and long term adverse events associated with CYC use in BS patients. METHODS We conducted a retrospective chart review of all BS patients treated with CYC between 1972 and 2006. Patients were called in and a standard form was used for collecting demographic characteristics, indication for CYC, its cumulative dose and short term adverse events, defined as those causing discontinuation of CYC, hospitalization and/or death, long term adverse events, including infertility and malignancy, and outcome. RESULTS Of 5790 BS patients, 198 (3.4%) had used at least one dose of CYC. Main indications were vascular or neurological involvement. After a median follow-up of 17 years, 52 (26%) patients had died, 113 (57%) could be contacted, and 33 (17%) were lost to follow-up. Vascular involvement was the leading cause of death (n = 27). Seventeen (9%) patients experienced short term adverse events with haemorrhagic cystitis being the most common. After a median follow-up of 25 years (interquartile range: 15-26 years), 17 malignancies occurred in 15 (8%) patients. Infertility was experienced by 26 (30%) patients. CONCLUSION Long term adverse events such as malignancy and infertility were major problems in our BS patients treated with CYC. These results underline the need for safer treatment modalities that are at least as effective as CYC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mert Gurcan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sinem Nihal Esatoglu
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Vedat Hamuryudan
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Didem Saygin
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Serdal Ugurlu
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emire Seyahi
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Melike Melikoglu
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Izzet Fresko
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sebahattin Yurdakul
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hasan Yazici
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gulen Hatemi
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
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El Jammal T, Loria O, Jamilloux Y, Gerfaud-Valentin M, Kodjikian L, Sève P. Uveitis as an Open Window to Systemic Inflammatory Diseases. J Clin Med 2021; 10:E281. [PMID: 33466638 PMCID: PMC7828680 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10020281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Spondyloarthritis (Spa), Behçet's disease (BD) and sarcoidosis are major systemic inflammatory diseases worldwide. They are all multisystem pathologies and share a possible ocular involvement, especially uveitis. We hereby describe selected cases who were referred by ophthalmologists to our internal medicine department for unexplained uveitis. Physical examination and/or the use of laboratory and imaging investigations allowed to make a diagnosis of a systemic inflammatory disease in a large proportion of patients. In our tertiary referral center, 75 patients have been diagnosed with Spa (n = 20), BD (n = 9), or sarcoidosis (n = 46) in the last two years. There was a significant delay in the diagnosis of Spa-associated uveitis. Screening strategies using Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA)-B27 determination and sacroiliac magnetic resonance imaging in patients suffering from chronic low back pain and/or psoriasis helped in the diagnosis. BD's uveitis affects young people from both sexes and all origins and usually presents with panuveitis and retinal vasculitis. The high proportion of sarcoidosis in our population is explained by the use of chest computed tomography (CT) and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography CT that helped to identify smaller hilar or mediastinal involvement and allowed to further investigate those patients, especially in the elderly. Our results confirm how in these sight- and potentially life-threatening diseases a prompt diagnosis is mandatory and benefits from a multidisciplinary approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas El Jammal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, 69004 Lyon, France; (T.E.J.); (Y.J.); (M.G.-V.)
| | - Olivier Loria
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, 69004 Lyon, France; (O.L.); (L.K.)
- Laboratoire UMR-CNRS 5510 Matéis, 69004 Villeurbane, France
| | - Yvan Jamilloux
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, 69004 Lyon, France; (T.E.J.); (Y.J.); (M.G.-V.)
| | - Mathieu Gerfaud-Valentin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, 69004 Lyon, France; (T.E.J.); (Y.J.); (M.G.-V.)
| | - Laurent Kodjikian
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, 69004 Lyon, France; (O.L.); (L.K.)
- Laboratoire UMR-CNRS 5510 Matéis, 69004 Villeurbane, France
| | - Pascal Sève
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, 69004 Lyon, France; (T.E.J.); (Y.J.); (M.G.-V.)
- IMER Department, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69424 Lyon, France
- Department of Formation and Research in Human Biology, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, HESPER EA 7425, 69008 Lyon, France
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Satış H, Cindil E, Ataş N, Salman RB, Tufan A. Successful treatment of coronary artery aneurysm with infliximab in a Behçet's disease patient. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2021; 60:e10-e11. [PMID: 32780835 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keaa365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Emetullah Cindil
- Department of Radiology, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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Esatoglu SN, Akkoc-Mustafayev FN, Ozguler Y, Ozbakır F, Nohut OK, Cevirgen D, Hamuryudan V, Hatemi I, Celik AF, Yazici H, Hatemi G. Immunogenicity of Infliximab Among Patients With Behçet Syndrome: A Controlled Study. Front Immunol 2020; 11:618973. [PMID: 33414791 PMCID: PMC7782473 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.618973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Immunogenicity of tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibitors (TNFis) has been recognized as an important problem that may cause loss of efficacy and adverse events such as infusion reactions. TNFis are being increasingly used among patients with Behçet syndrome (BS) and scarce data exist on this topic. Objective We aimed to investigate the prevalence of anti-infliximab (IFX) antibodies in patients with Behçet syndrome together with suitable controls. Methods We collected serum samples from 66 consecutive Behçet syndrome patients (51 M, 15 F, mean age 37 ± 9 years) who were treated with IFX. Additionally, similarly treated 27 rheumatoid arthritis, 53 ankylosing spondylitis, 25 Crohn's disease patients, and 31 healthy subjects were included as controls. Samples were collected just before an infusion, stored at -80°C until analysis, and serum IFX trough levels and anti-IFX antibodies were measured by ELISA. We used a cut-off value of 1 μg/ml for serum IFX trough level, extrapolating from rheumatoid arthritis studies. Results Anti-IFX antibodies were detected in four (6%) Behçet syndrome, five (18.5%) rheumatoid arthritis, three (12%) Crohn's disease, and one (2%) ankylosing spondylitis patient. The median serum IFX trough level was significantly lower in patients with anti-IFX antibodies compared to those without antibodies [2.32 (IQR: 0.6-3.6) vs. 3.35 (IQR: 1.63-5.6); p = 0.019]. The serum IFX trough level was lower than the cut-off value in 6/13 (46%) patients with anti-IFX antibodies and in 25/158 (16%) patients without anti-IFX antibodies (p = 0.015). Among the four Behçet syndrome patients with anti-IFX antibodies, two experienced relapses and two had infusion reactions. Conclusions Immunogenicity does not seem to be a frequent problem in Behçet syndrome patients treated with IFX, but may be associated with relapses and infusion reactions, when present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinem Nihal Esatoglu
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Yesim Ozguler
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fatma Ozbakır
- Central Research Laboratory, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Okan K. Nohut
- Central Research Laboratory, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Dilsen Cevirgen
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Vedat Hamuryudan
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Hatemi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aykut Ferhat Celik
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hasan Yazici
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gulen Hatemi
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
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58
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Ketfi C, Boutigny A, Mohamedi N, Bouajil S, Magnan B, Amah G, Dillinger JG. Risk of venous thromboembolism in rheumatoid arthritis. Joint Bone Spine 2020; 88:105122. [PMID: 33346109 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2020.105122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune joint disease with persistent systemic inflammation. Patients with RA suffer from joint pain and physical disability, but have their prognosis mostly driven by cardiovascular events, including venous thromboembolism (VTE). The risk of VTE is more than double in patients with RA compared with the general population. The incidence rate in patients with RA is estimated around 4 cases per 1000 person-years. The etiology of thrombotic tendency in RA is linked to various mechanisms and causal factors (antiphsolpholid antibodies, hyperhomocyteinemia, inflammation…): vascular injury, hypercoagulation, and venous stasis, the three components of the Virchow's triad, are activated in patients with RA. In clinical practice, situations that put patients for VTE should be identified (e.g., surgery, first year after RA diagnosis, hospitalization for acute illness…). Patients with RA are exposed to reversible risk factors, such as major surgery (knee or hip surgery) or hospitalization with immobilization. Similarly, uncontrolled RA, which is defined by the necessity to switch a biological disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARD), increases the incidence of VTE in observational studies. Moreover, DMARDs may impact the risk of VTE, especially in the time window after first prescription. Several biological DMARDs like tofacitinib have been associated with an increased risk of VTE. Therefore, patients with RA may require specific measures in terms of VTE diagnosis and management. In this review, we provide current insights into the pathophysiology, epidemiology, clinical considerations, and treatment strategies of VTE highlighting gaps in evidence and perspectives in patients with RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chahinez Ketfi
- Université de Paris, AP-HP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Physiologie Clinique-Explorations Fonctionnelles, 2, rue A Paré, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Boutigny
- Université de Paris, AP-HP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Physiologie Clinique-Explorations Fonctionnelles, 2, rue A Paré, 75010 Paris, France; INSERM U1148, 46, rue Henri-Huchard, 75018 Paris, France
| | - Nassim Mohamedi
- Université de Paris, AP-HP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Physiologie Clinique-Explorations Fonctionnelles, 2, rue A Paré, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Sara Bouajil
- Université de Paris, AP-HP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Physiologie Clinique-Explorations Fonctionnelles, 2, rue A Paré, 75010 Paris, France; Department of Cardiology, Hôpital Lariboisière, AP-HP, Inserm U-942, 2, Rue Ambroise-Paré, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Benjamin Magnan
- Université de Paris, AP-HP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Physiologie Clinique-Explorations Fonctionnelles, 2, rue A Paré, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Guy Amah
- Université de Paris, AP-HP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Physiologie Clinique-Explorations Fonctionnelles, 2, rue A Paré, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Guillaume Dillinger
- Université de Paris, AP-HP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Physiologie Clinique-Explorations Fonctionnelles, 2, rue A Paré, 75010 Paris, France; Department of Cardiology, Hôpital Lariboisière, AP-HP, Inserm U-942, 2, Rue Ambroise-Paré, 75010 Paris, France.
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Tugal-Tutkun I, Çakar Özdal P. Behçet's disease uveitis: is there a need for new emerging drugs? Expert Opin Emerg Drugs 2020; 25:531-547. [PMID: 33147420 DOI: 10.1080/14728214.2020.1847271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Behçet's disease uveitis (BDU) is a potentially blinding disorder. Systemic treatment with disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) is mandatory in patients with intraocular inflammation involving the posterior segment of the eye. Areas covered: This article discusses existing systemic treatment with corticosteroids and conventional and biologic DMARDs as well as adjunctive local therapy in BDU. An overview is provided for a wide range of biologic DMARDs that have shown promise or investigated in clinical trials. Most recently introduced biologic DMARDs and targeted synthetic DMARDs are also reviewed for their potential in the treatment of BDU. Expert opinion: The prognosis of patients with BDU has remarkably improved after the introduction of biologic DMARDs. An expanding therapeutic armamentarium will allow treatment of most refractory cases. The ultimate goal is to provide drug-free remission with preservation of 20/20 vision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilknur Tugal-Tutkun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University , Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Pinar Çakar Özdal
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Health Sciences, Ulucanlar Eye Education and Research Hospital , Ankara, Turkey
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60
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Factors influencing the recurrence of arterial involvement after surgical repair in Behçet disease. J Vasc Surg 2020; 72:1761-1769. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2020.01.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Liao H, Li Y, Zhang X, Zhao X, Zheng D, Shen D, Li R. Protective Effects of Thalidomide on High-Glucose-Induced Podocyte Injury through In Vitro Modulation of Macrophage M1/M2 Differentiation. J Immunol Res 2020; 2020:8263598. [PMID: 32908940 PMCID: PMC7474395 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8263598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective. It has been shown that podocyte injury represents an important pathological basis that contributes to proteinuria and eventually leads to kidney failure. High glucose (HG) activates macrophage polarization, further exacerbating HG-induced podocyte injury. Our previous study on diabetic nephropathy rats indicated that thalidomide (Tha) has renoprotective properties. The present study explored the effects of Tha on mRNA and protein expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-) α, mannose receptor (CD206), and arginase- (Arg-) 1 in HG-activated macrophages. iNOS and TNF-α are established as markers of classically activated macrophage (M1). CD206 and Arg-1 are regarded as markers of alternatively activated macrophages (M2). During the experiment, the supernatants of (HG)-treated and (Tha)-treated macrophages, designated as (HG) MS and (Tha) MS, were simultaneously collected and processed. TNF-α and interleukin- (IL-) 1β levels as well as protein expressions of nephrin and podocin in HG, (HG) MS, and (Tha) MS-cultured podocytes were evaluated. The results showed that compared to the 11.1 mM normal glucose (NG), the 33.3 mM HG-cultured RAW 264.7 cells exhibited upregulated iNOS and TNF-α mRNAs and protein expressions, and downregulated CD206 and Arg-1 expressions significantly (p < 0.05). Tha 200 μg/ml suppressed iNOS and TNF-α, and promoted CD206 and Arg-1 expressions significantly compared to the HG group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, (HG) MS-treated podocytes showed an increase in TNF-α and IL-1β levels and a downregulation in nephrin and podocin expression significantly compared to NG-treated and HG-treated podocytes (p < 0.05). The (Tha 200 μg/ml) MS group exhibited a decrease in TNF-α and IL-1β level, and an upregulation in nephrin and podocin expressions significantly compared to the (HG) MS group (p < 0.05). Our research confirmed that HG-activated macrophage differentiation aggravates HG-induced podocyte injury in vitro and the protective effects of Tha might be related to its actions on TNF-α and IL-1β levels via its modulation on M1/M2 differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liao
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030012, China
| | - Yuanping Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030012, China
| | - Xilan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030012, China
| | - Xiaoyun Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030012, China
| | - Dan Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030012, China
| | - Dayue Shen
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030012, China
| | - Rongshan Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030012, China
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Ozguler Y, Hatemi G, Cetinkaya F, Tascilar K, Hamuryudan V, Ugurlu S, Seyahi E, Yazici H, Melikoglu M. Clinical course of acute deep vein thrombosis of the legs in Behçet's syndrome. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2020; 59:799-806. [PMID: 31504957 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kez352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Lower extremity deep vein thrombosis (LEDVT) is a serious complication of Behçet's syndrome. Management constitutes mainly of administration of immunosuppressives, but the predictors of relapse and the optimal choice of immunosuppressives remain unclear. In this prospective study, we aimed to detect the risk and predictors of relapse and treatment response to different modalities. METHODS All Behçet's syndrome patients who presented with a first episode of acute LEDVT between 2010 and 2014 were prospectively followed with a standard protocol. Acute LEDVT was confirmed by Doppler ultrasonography. Serial planned Doppler ultrasonography assessments were performed during follow-up and additionally repeated in case of clinical suspicion. Recanalization rate was assessed at each visit. Our first-line treatment strategy consisted of AZA and CSs. IFN-alpha was used in patients who were refractory to or could not tolerate AZA or had concomitant eye involvement requiring further treatment. RESULTS Thirty-three patients with LEDVT (26 M/7 F) were prospectively followed for 40.7 ± 13.4 months. Among the 33 patients, 23 relapses were observed in 15 patients. Relapse rates were 29%, 37% and 45% at 6, 12 and 24 months, respectively. Among the possible predictors of relapse, poor recanalization was the only significant factor [hazard ratio 4.34 (95% CI 1.96, 10.0)]. Overall 29 patients were treated with AZA and 17 with IFN-alpha. The relapse rate was lower and recanalization rate was higher with IFN-alpha compared with AZA (12% vs 45% and 86% vs 45%). CONCLUSION The relapse rate for LEDVT in Behçet's syndrome is high despite AZA treatment. IFN-alpha seems to be a promising agent for preventing LEDVT relapses and achieving good recanalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yesim Ozguler
- Division of Rheumatology, Behcet's Disease Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa
| | - Gulen Hatemi
- Division of Rheumatology, Behcet's Disease Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa
| | | | - Koray Tascilar
- Department of Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Vedat Hamuryudan
- Division of Rheumatology, Behcet's Disease Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa
| | - Serdal Ugurlu
- Division of Rheumatology, Behcet's Disease Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa
| | - Emire Seyahi
- Division of Rheumatology, Behcet's Disease Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa
| | - Hasan Yazici
- Division of Rheumatology, Behcet's Disease Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa
| | - Melike Melikoglu
- Division of Rheumatology, Behcet's Disease Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa
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Çakar Özdal P. Behçet's Uveitis: Current Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approach. Turk J Ophthalmol 2020; 50:169-182. [PMID: 32631005 PMCID: PMC7338748 DOI: 10.4274/tjo.galenos.2019.60308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Behçet's disease is a chronic, multisystem inflammatory disorder characterized by relapsing inflammation. Although its etiopathogenesis has not yet been clarified, both the adaptive and innate immune systems, genetic predisposition, and environmental factors have all been implicated. It is more frequent and more severe in males in the third and fourth decades of life. The eye is the most frequently involved organ in the course of the disease. Ocular involvement (Behçet's uveitis) is characterized by bilateral recurrent non-granulomatous panuveitis and occlusive retinal vasculitis. Recurrent inflammatory episodes in the posterior segment may lead to permanent vision loss due to irreversible retinal damage and complications such as macular scarring, macular atrophy, and optic atrophy. Early and aggressive immunomodulatory treatment and the use of biologic agents when needed are crucial for preventing recurrences and improving visual prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pınar Çakar Özdal
- University of Health Sciences Turkey, Ulucanlar Eye Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Ophthalmology, Ankara, Turkey
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Costagliola G, Cappelli S, Consolini R. Behçet's Disease in Children: Diagnostic and Management Challenges. Ther Clin Risk Manag 2020; 16:495-507. [PMID: 32606709 PMCID: PMC7295757 DOI: 10.2147/tcrm.s232660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Behçet’s Disease (BD) is an inflammatory disease of unknown etiology with multisystemic involvement, being the main clinical manifestations represented by recurrent oral and genital ulcerations and uveitis. The disease has typically a chronic-relapsing course and may cause significant morbidity and mortality due to eye, vascular and neurological involvement. Although BD is more frequently diagnosed in adulthood, the disease onset can also be in pediatric age. Pediatric-onset BD is commonly featured by an incomplete clinical picture, and therefore the diagnosis represents a considerable clinical challenge for the physicians. The first classification criteria for pediatric BD, based on a scoring system, have been proposed few years ago. This work focuses on the main difficulties concerning both the diagnostic approach and the treatment of BD in pediatric age. The recommendation for the treatment of pediatric BD has been recently updated and allowed a considerable improvement of the therapeutic strategies. In particular, the use of anti-TNFα drugs as a second-line option for refractory BD, and as a first-line treatment in severe ocular and neurological involvement, has demonstrated to be effective in improving the outcome of BD patients. The knowledge about the molecular pathogenesis is progressively increasing, showing that BD shares common features with autoimmune and autoinflammatory disorders, and thus leading to the use of new biologic agents targeting the main mediators involved in the determination of BD. Anti-IL-17, anti-IL-23, anti-IL-1 and anti-IL-6 agents have shown promising results for the treatment of refractory BD in clinical trials and will represent an important alternative for the therapeutic approach to the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Costagliola
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Pediatrics, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Susanna Cappelli
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Pediatrics, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Rita Consolini
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Pediatrics, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Ozguler Y, Hatemi G, Cetinkaya F, Tascilar K, Hamuryudan V, Ugurlu S, Seyahi E, Yazici H, Melikoglu M. Comment on: Clinical course of acute deep vein thrombosis of the legs in Behçet’s syndrome: reply. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2020; 59:914-915. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kez637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yesim Ozguler
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gulen Hatemi
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Koray Tascilar
- Department of Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Vedat Hamuryudan
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Serdal Ugurlu
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emire Seyahi
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hasan Yazici
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Melike Melikoglu
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
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Pattern of pulmonary vasculitis and major vascular involvement in Hughes-Stovin syndrome (HSS): brief report of eight cases. Clin Rheumatol 2019; 39:1223-1228. [PMID: 31853734 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-019-04872-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
To describe the pattern of pulmonary artery vasculitis and the characteristic computed tomographic pulmonary angiography (CTPA) signs in patients with Hughes-Stovin syndrome (HSS). In a retrospective study, the medical records of eight HSS patients (six men), seen between February 2008 and January 2018, were reviewed regarding history, disease characteristics, laboratory investigations, imaging, and treatments. The mean (SD) age was 37.375 ± 8.65 years (range 30-55) and mean (SD) follow-up 30 ± 41.60 months (range 9-132). In all patients, routine laboratory investigations and complete coagulation profile were done. In all, CTPA studies were performed as well as and Doppler ultrasound for suspected deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Four patients had a history of thrombophlebitis, and DVT was observed in all, in two cases bilateral. Arterial thromboses involving popliteal, tibial, common iliac, and femoral arteries were observed in one patient. All patients had mild to moderate hemoptysis, and one had massive hemoptysis. None of the patients had a history of recurrent mouth and/or genital ulcers, uveitis, or arthritis. In all patients, CTPA identified bilateral pulmonary artery aneurysms (PAAs) with adherent in situ thrombosis and mural enhancement in all patients. Lobar PA branches were involved in all patients, segmental in six and main PA in five patients. Proper immunomodulators were initiated early, with favorable outcome; none was treated with TNF-α antagonists. HSS is a systemic vasculitis that may affect virtually all major veins and arteries in patients with normal coagulation profile. PAAs, adherent in situ thrombosis, and mural wall enhancement are characteristic CTPA signs. Early treatment with immunomodulators is essential.Key Points• Hughes Stevin syndrome (HSS) is a systemic vasculitis that may affect virtually all major veins and arteries in patients. It has a normal coagulation profile.• Computed tomography (CT) pulmonary angiography is considered to be the most important diagnostic tool to assess the degree and the extent of the characteristic pulmonary artery aneurysms, and in situ thrombosis, and mural wall enhancement.• It is likely that HSS syndrome is often not recognized and misdiagnosed as deep venous thrombosis (DVT) with pulmonary thromboembolism.• Early treatment with combined immunomodulators is essential to ensure favorable outcome.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To review the association of venous thrombosis and inflammatory disorders. RECENT FINDINGS Various systemic inflammatory diseases of which Behçet's syndrome is the prototype are associated with an increased risk of venous thrombosis. Recent data indicate that venous wall thickness is increased among Behçet's syndrome patients with no history of venous thrombosis and thrombosis in Behçet's syndrome could be a unique model of inflammation-induced thrombosis. Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have a two to three time-fold increased risk of developing thromboembolic complications compared with general population. The risk of venous thrombosis is increased after surgical interventions and is higher in ulcerative colitis compared with Crohn's disease. Despite similarities with Behçet's syndrome, anticoagulation is advised as the main treatment in IBD, while there is uncertainty about the duration of antithrombotic prophylaxis. Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitides and ankylosing spondylitis are also other inflammatory disorders associated with a thrombotic risk. SUMMARY Underlying mechanisms of venous thrombosis in inflammatory disorders are not clearly understood. How we might prevent thrombosis, should we screen asymptomatic patients, what should we use for the treatment (immunosuppression or anticoagulation or both) and what should be the duration of this treatment also need to be addressed. Finally, the link between inflammation and thrombosis should be more intensively studied.
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The Clinical Features and Risk Factors of Parenchymal Neuro-Behcet's Disease. J Immunol Res 2019; 2019:7371458. [PMID: 31612152 PMCID: PMC6757281 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7371458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the clinical features of parenchymal neuro-Behcet's disease (p-NBD), we retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 1009 BD patients admitted to Peking Union Medical College Hospital from 2000 to 2016. Forty-two patients (25 males and 17 females) with p-NBD and eighty-four age- and sex-matched BD patients without neurological involvement who were served as controls were enrolled. Neurological onset was concomitant with the onset of BD in six cases (14.3%). Pyramidal signs (50.0%) and headache (33.3%) were the most common manifestations. On MRI, the lesions were mainly in the midline structures and hyperintense in the T2-weighted image. The most common lesion was the brainstem (54.8%). Spinal cord involvement was observed in five cases, four of which with cervical cord involvement. Multifocal lesions were observed in 13 patients. Ocular involvement was more prevalent in p-NBD (35.7%) (P = 0.041, OR = 2.36, 95% CI = 1.03-5.44) compared with controls. All patients received corticosteroids and immunosuppressants, mainly cyclophosphamide (39/42). Six patients with severe/refractory condition received biological agents and achieved response measured by decreased Rankin score (P = 0.002). With a median follow-up of 28 months, 22 patients (61.1%) achieved clinical improvements, while 10 (27.8%) relapsed and 4 died (mortality rate 11.1%). p-NBD is a rare yet disabling and life-threatening complication of BD. Ocular involvement is a risk factor for p-NBD. Promptly aggressive treatment is essential for improving prognosis, and biological agents might be a promising approach for severe/refractory p-NBD.
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Abstract
Behçet's syndrome (BS) is a complex disease that shows important heterogeneity in clinical findings and physiopathology. Its treatment can be problematic as BS manifestations in different organs may respond differently to the same drug. The cornerstone of therapy for inducing remission is corticosteroids whereas immunomodulatory and immunosuppressive agents such as colchicine, azathioprine, cyclosporine-A, interferon-alpha, and cyclophosphamide are used as steroid-sparing agents and to prevent further relapses. However, a considerable number of patients continue to have mucocutaneous lesions despite therapy, and some patients require more aggressive treatment for refractory major organ involvement. Tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibitors, especially infliximab and adalimumab, are increasingly used for various refractory BS manifestations despite the lack of controlled studies. In this review, we aim to focus on both the traditional and new treatment modalities for BS, with more emphasis on recent data on newer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinem Nihal Esatoglu
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, 34098, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gulen Hatemi
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, 34098, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Shahram F, Mæhlen MT, Akhlaghi M, Davatchi F, Liao YJ, Weyand CM. Geographical variations in ocular and extra-ocular manifestations in Behçet's disease. Eur J Rheumatol 2019; 6:199-206. [PMID: 31329543 DOI: 10.5152/eurjrheum.2019.18215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Behçet's disease (BD) is a rare vasculitis that results in multi-organ inflammatory disease. At-risk populations are most prevalent in the Middle East and East Asia. Clinical data on BD in Western countries, especially in the United States, are scarce. We have compared clinical patterning of BD vasculitis in two geographically defined patient cohorts in the Western United States and Iran. METHODS Comparative analysis of a retrospective cohort of 56 patients with BD evaluated at Stanford University Hospital between 2000 and 2016 and a cohort of 163 patients from the BD Registry at Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Clinical, demographic, laboratory, and treatment data were available. Comparisons were performed using descriptive statistics, Student's t-test, and χ2-test. RESULTS The Stanford patients with BD were significantly younger at disease onset, had a higher proportion of females, and had longer disease duration than Iranian patients with BD. Genital ulcers, skin, joint, neurological, vascular, cardiopulmonary manifestations were all significantly more common in the Stanford cohort and 38% of Stanford patients had four or more organ systems involved compared with approximately 10% of Iranian patients. In contrast, Stanford patients had fewer ocular lesions (Stanford 21.4% vs. Iran 53.4% p<0.05), with the biggest difference seen for retinal vasculitis. CONCLUSION Patients with BD from the Western US have a more severe disease course when compared to Iranian patients with BD, as demonstrated by earlier onset and a higher rate of multi-organ involvement. The high risk of Iranian patients with BD developing vasculitis of ocular structures suggests distinct pathomechanisms driving ocular versus extra-ocular BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Shahram
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Behcet's Disease Unit, Rheumatology Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marthe T Mæhlen
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Massoomeh Akhlaghi
- Behcet's Disease Unit, Rheumatology Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereydoun Davatchi
- Behcet's Disease Unit, Rheumatology Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yaping Joyce Liao
- Department of Ophthalmology and Department of Neurology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Cornelia M Weyand
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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Pardinas Gutierrez MA, Cabrera JL. Large pulmonary artery pseudoaneurysm in a patient with Behçet's disease treated with an Amplatzer vascular plug. BMJ Case Rep 2019; 12:12/6/e229516. [PMID: 31253661 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2019-229516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
This is the case of a 33-year-old man with Behçet's disease who presented with recurrent haemoptysis and a rapidly expanding right pulmonary artery pseudoaneurysm. Due to the significant risk of major bleeding and death, he was promptly treated with an Amplatzer vascular plug.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jorge Luis Cabrera
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Jackson Memorial Hospital/University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
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Seyahi E, Gjoni M, Durmaz EŞ, Akbaş S, Sut N, Dikici AS, Mihmanli I, Yazici H. Increased vein wall thickness in Behçet disease. J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord 2019; 7:677-684.e2. [PMID: 30777674 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvsv.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Lower extremity (LE) deep venous thrombosis (DVT) is the main feature of vascular involvement in Behçet disease (BD). We thought that vein wall thickness (VWT) could be a surrogate marker for venous inflammation and hence predict future vascular involvement. We assessed VWT in proximal LE veins in BD patients without DVT, BD patients with DVT, and healthy controls in a formal, masked protocol. METHODS We studied 50 (43 male and 7 female) BD patients with LE DVT (group 1), 50 (43 male and 7 female) BD patients without any vascular involvement (group 2), and 50 (43 male and 7 female) age- and sex-matched apparently healthy controls (group 3). Two radiologists blinded to the diagnosis of BD used ultrasound to measure VWT of common femoral vein, femoral vein, and great saphenous vein in both legs. Interobserver reliability was assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient and Bland-Altman plots. RESULTS There was good agreement between the two observers. The mean VWT was significantly increased in both BD patients with LE DVT and those without apparent vascular involvement compared with the healthy controls, whereas those with LE DVT had the highest VWT. CONCLUSIONS VWT of proximal deep and superficial LE veins is increased among the BD patients without any clinical and radiologic vascular involvement. This information, after prospective work, might be useful in management and elucidating disease mechanisms in vascular BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emire Seyahi
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, University of Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Migena Gjoni
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, University of Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emine Şebnem Durmaz
- Department of Radiology, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, University of Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Serkan Akbaş
- Department of Radiology, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, University of Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Necdet Sut
- Department of Biostatistics, Medical Faculty, University of Trakya, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Atilla Süleyman Dikici
- Department of Radiology, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, University of Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ismail Mihmanli
- Department of Radiology, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, University of Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkey
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