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Chen WT, Hong CJ, Lin YT, Chang WH, Huang HT, Liao JY, Chang YJ, Hsieh YF, Cheng CY, Liu HC, Chen YR, Cheng IH. Amyloid-beta (Aβ) D7H mutation increases oligomeric Aβ42 and alters properties of Aβ-zinc/copper assemblies. PLoS One 2012; 7:e35807. [PMID: 22558227 PMCID: PMC3340413 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2012] [Accepted: 03/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid precursor protein (APP) mutations associated with familial Alzheimer's disease (AD) usually lead to increases in amyloid β-protein (Aβ) levels or aggregation. Here, we identified a novel APP mutation, located within the Aβ sequence (AβD7H), in a Taiwanese family with early onset AD and explored the pathogenicity of this mutation. Cellular and biochemical analysis reveal that this mutation increased Aβ production, Aβ42/40 ratio and prolonged Aβ42 oligomer state with higher neurotoxicity. Because the D7H mutant Aβ has an additional metal ion-coordinating residue, histidine, we speculate that this mutation may promote susceptibility of Aβ to ion. When co-incubated with Zn2+ or Cu2+, AβD7H aggregated into low molecular weight oligomers. Together, the D7H mutation could contribute to AD pathology through a “double punch” effect on elevating both Aβ production and oligomerization. Although the pathogenic nature of this mutation needs further confirmation, our findings suggest that the Aβ N-terminal region potentially modulates APP processing and Aβ aggregation, and further provides a genetic indication of the importance of Zn2+ and Cu2+ in the etiology of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ting Chen
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Taiwan International Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang-Ming University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Jee Hong
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Psychiatry, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Tzu Lin
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Han Chang
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - He-Ting Huang
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jhih-Ying Liao
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jen Chang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Fang Hsieh
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ya Cheng
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Chih Liu
- Division of Neurology, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Ru Chen
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (IHC); (YRC)
| | - Irene H. Cheng
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Brain Research Center, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (IHC); (YRC)
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52
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Shawki A, Knight PB, Maliken BD, Niespodzany EJ, Mackenzie B. H(+)-coupled divalent metal-ion transporter-1: functional properties, physiological roles and therapeutics. CURRENT TOPICS IN MEMBRANES 2012. [PMID: 23177986 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-394316-3.00005-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Divalent metal-ion transporter-1 (DMT1) is a widely expressed, iron-preferring membrane transport protein. Animal models establish that DMT1 plays indispensable roles in intestinal nonheme-iron absorption and iron acquisition by erythroid precursor cells. Rare mutations in human DMT1 result in severe microcytic-hypochromic anemia. When we express DMT1 in RNA-injected Xenopus oocytes, we observe rheogenic Fe(2+) transport that is driven by the proton electrochemical potential gradient. In that same preparation, DMT1 also transports cadmium and manganese but not copper. Whether manganese metabolism relies upon DMT1 remains unclear but DMT1 contributes to the effects of overexposure to cadmium and manganese in some tissues. There exist at least four DMT1 isoforms that arise from variant transcription of the SLC11A2 gene. Whereas these isoforms display identical functional properties, N- and C-terminal variations contain cues that direct the cell-specific targeting of DMT1 isoforms to discrete subcellular compartments (plasma membrane, endosomes, and lysosomes). An iron-responsive element (IRE) in the mRNA 3'-untranslated region permits the regulation of some isoforms by iron status, and additional mechanisms by which DMT1 is regulated are emerging. Natural-resistance-associated macrophage protein-1 (NRAMP1)-the only other member of the mammalian SLC11 gene family-contributes to antimicrobial function by extruding from the phagolysosome divalent metal ions (e.g. Mn(2+)) that may be essential cofactors for bacteria-derived enzymes or required for bacterial growth. The principal or only intestinal nonheme-iron transporter, DMT1 is a validated therapeutic target in hereditary hemochromatosis (HHC) and other iron-overload disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Shawki
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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53
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Roberts BR, Ryan TM, Bush AI, Masters CL, Duce JA. The role of metallobiology and amyloid-β peptides in Alzheimer’s disease. J Neurochem 2011; 120 Suppl 1:149-166. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2011.07500.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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54
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Chasapis CT, Loutsidou AC, Spiliopoulou CA, Stefanidou ME. Zinc and human health: an update. Arch Toxicol 2011; 86:521-34. [PMID: 22071549 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-011-0775-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 536] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2011] [Accepted: 10/26/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The importance of micronutrients in health and nutrition is undisputable, and among them, zinc is an essential element whose significance to health is increasingly appreciated and whose deficiency may play an important role in the appearance of diseases. Zinc is one of the most important trace elements in the organism, with three major biological roles, as catalyst, structural, and regulatory ion. Zinc-binding motifs are found in many proteins encoded by the human genome physiologically, and free zinc is mainly regulated at the single-cell level. Zinc has critical effect in homeostasis, in immune function, in oxidative stress, in apoptosis, and in aging, and significant disorders of great public health interest are associated with zinc deficiency. In many chronic diseases, including atherosclerosis, several malignancies, neurological disorders, autoimmune diseases, aging, age-related degenerative diseases, and Wilson's disease, the concurrent zinc deficiency may complicate the clinical features, affect adversely immunological status, increase oxidative stress, and lead to the generation of inflammatory cytokines. In these diseases, oxidative stress and chronic inflammation may play important causative roles. It is therefore important that status of zinc is assessed in any case and zinc deficiency is corrected, since the unique properties of zinc may have significant therapeutic benefits in these diseases. In the present paper, we review the zinc as a multipurpose trace element, its biological role in homeostasis, proliferation and apoptosis and its role in immunity and in chronic diseases, such as cancer, diabetes, depression, Wilson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and other age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos T Chasapis
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
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55
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Tiffany‐Castiglioni E, Hong S, Qian Y. Copper handling by astrocytes: Insights into neurodegenerative diseases. Int J Dev Neurosci 2011; 29:811-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2011.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2011] [Revised: 09/13/2011] [Accepted: 09/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Tiffany‐Castiglioni
- Department of Veterinary Integrative BiosciencesTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexasTX77843United States
| | | | - Yongchang Qian
- Department of Veterinary Integrative BiosciencesTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexasTX77843United States
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56
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Huperzine A activates Wnt/β-catenin signaling and enhances the nonamyloidogenic pathway in an Alzheimer transgenic mouse model. Neuropsychopharmacology 2011; 36:1073-89. [PMID: 21289607 PMCID: PMC3077275 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2010.245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Huperzine A (HupA) is a reversible and selective inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and it has multiple targets when used for Alzheimer's disease (AD) therapy. In this study, we searched for new mechanisms by which HupA could activate Wnt signaling and reduce amyloidosis in AD brain. A nasal gel containing HupA was prepared. No obvious toxicity of intranasal administration of HupA was found in mice. HupA was administered intranasally to β-amyloid (Aβ) precursor protein and presenilin-1 double-transgenic mice for 4 months. We observed an increase in ADAM10 and a decrease in BACE1 and APP695 protein levels and, subsequently, a reduction in Aβ levels and Aβ burden were present in HupA-treated mouse brain, suggesting that HupA enhances the nonamyloidogenic APP cleavage pathway. Importantly, our results further showed that HupA inhibited GSK3α/β activity, and enhanced the β-catenin level in the transgenic mouse brain and in SH-SY5Y cells overexpressing Swedish mutation APP, suggesting that the neuroprotective effect of HupA is not related simply to its AChE inhibition and antioxidation, but also involves other mechanisms, including targeting of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in AD brain.
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57
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Martinez-Finley EJ, Avila DS, Chakraborty S, Aschner M. Insights from Caenorhabditis elegans on the role of metals in neurodegenerative diseases. Metallomics 2011; 3:271-9. [PMID: 21210060 PMCID: PMC3172965 DOI: 10.1039/c0mt00064g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegeneration is characterized by the cell death or loss of structure and/or function of neurons. Many neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are the result of neurodegenerative processes. Metals are essential for many life processes, but they are also culpable for several neurodegenerative mechanisms. In this review, we discuss the role of metals in neurodegenerative diseases with emphasis on the utility of Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) genetic models in deciphering mechanisms associated with the etiology of PD and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebany J. Martinez-Finley
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Pediatric Toxicology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 11425 MRB IV, 2215-B Garland Ave., Nashville, TN 37232-0414, USA; Tel: 615-322-8024
- Center in Molecular Toxicology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Daiana Silva Avila
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Pediatric Toxicology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 11425 MRB IV, 2215-B Garland Ave., Nashville, TN 37232-0414, USA; Tel: 615-322-8024
| | - Sudipta Chakraborty
- Center in Molecular Toxicology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Center for Molecular Neuroscience, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Michael Aschner
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Pediatric Toxicology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 11425 MRB IV, 2215-B Garland Ave., Nashville, TN 37232-0414, USA; Tel: 615-322-8024
- Center in Molecular Toxicology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Center for Molecular Neuroscience, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- The Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Division of Pediatric Toxicology, Nashville, TN, USA
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58
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Wan L, Nie G, Zhang J, Luo Y, Zhang P, Zhang Z, Zhao B. β-Amyloid peptide increases levels of iron content and oxidative stress in human cell and Caenorhabditis elegans models of Alzheimer disease. Free Radic Biol Med 2011; 50:122-9. [PMID: 21034809 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2010.10.707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2010] [Revised: 10/09/2010] [Accepted: 10/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies indicate that the deposition of β-amyloid peptide (Aβ) is related to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease (AD); however, the underlying mechanism is still not clear. The abnormal interactions of Aβ with metal ions such as iron are implicated in the process of Aβ deposition and oxidative stress in AD brains. In this study, we observed that Aβ increased the levels of iron content and oxidative stress in SH-SY5Y cells overexpressing the Swedish mutant form of human β-amyloid precursor protein (APPsw) and in Caenorhabditis elegans Aβ-expressing strain CL2006. Intracellular iron and calcium levels and reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide generation significantly increased in APPsw cells compared to control cells. The activity of superoxide dismutase and the antioxidant levels of APPsw cells were significantly lower than those of control cells. Moreover, iron treatment decreased cell viability and mitochondrial membrane potential and aggravated oxidative stress damage as well as the release of Aβ1-40 from the APPsw cells. The iron homeostasis disruption in APPsw cells is very probably associated with elevated expression of the iron transporter divalent metal transporter 1, but not transferrin receptor. Furthermore, the C. elegans with Aβ-expression had increased iron accumulation. In aggregate, these results demonstrate that Aβ accumulation in neuronal cells correlated with neuronal iron homeostasis disruption and probably contributed to the pathogenesis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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59
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Wang CY, Wang T, Zheng W, Zhao BL, Danscher G, Chen YH, Wang ZY. Zinc overload enhances APP cleavage and Aβ deposition in the Alzheimer mouse brain. PLoS One 2010; 5:e15349. [PMID: 21179415 PMCID: PMC3003690 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0015349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2010] [Accepted: 11/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Abnormal zinc homeostasis is involved in β-amyloid (Aβ) plaque formation and, therefore, the zinc load is a contributing factor in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the involvement of zinc in amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing and Aβ deposition has not been well established in AD animal models in vivo. Methodology/Principal Findings In the present study, APP and presenilin 1 (PS1) double transgenic mice were treated with a high dose of zinc (20 mg/ml ZnSO4 in drinking water). This zinc treatment increased APP expression, enhanced amyloidogenic APP cleavage and Aβ deposition, and impaired spatial learning and memory in the transgenic mice. We further examined the effects of zinc overload on APP processing in SHSY-5Y cells overexpressing human APPsw. The zinc enhancement of APP expression and cleavage was further confirmed in vitro. Conclusions/Significance The present data indicate that excess zinc exposure could be a risk factor for AD pathological processes, and alteration of zinc homeostasis is a potential strategy for the prevention and treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Biology of Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Biology of Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Cell Biology of Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bao-Lu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Academia Sinica, Beijing, China
| | - Gorm Danscher
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Yu-Hua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cell Biology of Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- * E-mail: (Z-YW); (Y-HC)
| | - Zhan-You Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Biology of Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- * E-mail: (Z-YW); (Y-HC)
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60
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Iron chelation and neuroprotection in neurodegenerative diseases. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2010; 118:473-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s00702-010-0518-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2010] [Accepted: 10/19/2010] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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61
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Horowitz MP, Greenamyre JT. Mitochondrial iron metabolism and its role in neurodegeneration. J Alzheimers Dis 2010; 20 Suppl 2:S551-68. [PMID: 20463401 DOI: 10.3233/jad-2010-100354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In addition to their well-established role in providing the cell with ATP, mitochondria are the source of iron-sulfur clusters (ISCs) and heme - prosthetic groups that are utilized by proteins throughout the cell in various critical processes. The post-transcriptional system that mammalian cells use to regulate intracellular iron homeostasis depends, in part, upon the synthesis of ISCs in mitochondria. Thus, proper mitochondrial function is crucial to cellular iron homeostasis. Many neurodegenerative diseases are marked by mitochondrial impairment, brain iron accumulation, and oxidative stress - pathologies that are inter-related. This review discusses the physiological role that mitochondria play in cellular iron homeostasis and, in so doing, attempts to clarify how mitochondrial dysfunction may initiate and/or contribute to iron dysregulation in the context of neurodegenerative disease. We review what is currently known about the entry of iron into mitochondria, the ways in which iron is utilized therein, and how mitochondria are integrated into the system of iron homeostasis in mammalian cells. Lastly, we turn to recent advances in our understanding of iron dysregulation in two neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease), and discuss the use of iron chelation as a potential therapeutic approach to neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxx P Horowitz
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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62
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Divalent metal transporter, iron, and Parkinson's disease: a pathological relationship. Cell Res 2010; 20:397-9. [PMID: 20357807 DOI: 10.1038/cr.2010.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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63
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Rivera-Mancía S, Pérez-Neri I, Ríos C, Tristán-López L, Rivera-Espinosa L, Montes S. The transition metals copper and iron in neurodegenerative diseases. Chem Biol Interact 2010; 186:184-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2010.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2009] [Revised: 01/22/2010] [Accepted: 04/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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64
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Lutsenko S, Bhattacharjee A, Hubbard AL. Copper handling machinery of the brain. Metallomics 2010; 2:596-608. [DOI: 10.1039/c0mt00006j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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