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Strategies in the design and development of (TAR) DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) binding ligands. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 225:113753. [PMID: 34388383 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The human transactive responsive (TAR) DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) is involved in a number of physiological processes in the body. Its primary function involves RNA regulation. The TDP-43 protein is also involved in many diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), frontotemporal dementia (FTD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD) and even cancers. These TDP-43 mediated diseases are collectively called as TDP-43 proteinopathies. Intense research in the last decade has increased our understanding on TDP-43 structure and function in biology. The three-dimensional structures of TDP-43 domains such as N-terminal domain (NTD), RNA-recognition motif-1 (RRM1), RNA-recognition motif-2 (RRM2) and the C-terminal domain (CTD) or low-complexity domain (LCD) have been solved. These structures have yielded insights into novel binding sites and pockets at various TDP-43 domains, which can be targeted by designing a diverse library of ligands including small molecules, peptides and oligonucleotides as molecular tools to (i) study TDP-43 function, (ii) develop novel diagnostic agents and (iii) discover disease-modifying therapies to treat TDP-43 proteinopathies. This review provides a summary on recent progress in the development of TDP-43 binding ligands and uses the solved structures of various TDP-43 domains to investigate putative ligand binding regions that can be exploited to discover novel molecular probes to modulate TDP-43 structure and function.
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52
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Huangfu N, Wang Y, Xu Z, Zheng W, Tao C, Li Z, Hu Y, Chen X. TDP43 Exacerbates Atherosclerosis Progression by Promoting Inflammation and Lipid Uptake of Macrophages. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:687169. [PMID: 34291051 PMCID: PMC8287832 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.687169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Atherosclerosis (AS), characterized by cholesterol overloaded-macrophages accumulation and plaque formation in blood vessels, is the major cause of cardiovascular disease. Transactive response DNA-binding protein∼43 kDa (TDP43) has recently been identified as an independent driver of neurodegenerative diseases through triggering inflammatory response. This study investigated whether TDP43 is involved in AS development, especially in macrophages-mediated-foam cell formation and inflammatory responses. Methods Transactive response DNA-binding protein∼43 kDa expressions in oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL)-treated macrophages and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) were detected by real time-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Western blot, and immunofluorescence. Gene gain or loss of function was used to investigate the effects of TDP43 on macrophages-mediated lipid untake and inflammation with ELISA, protein immunoprecipitation, RT-PCR, Western blot, and immunofluorescence. Macrophage TDP43 specific knockout mice with ApoE-/- background were fed with western diet for 12 weeks to establish AS model, and used to explore the role of TDP43 on AS progression. Results Transactive response DNA-binding protein∼43 kDa expression increases in oxLDL-treated macrophages and PBMCs from patients with CAD. Furthermore, we find that TDP43 promotes activation of NF-κB to increase inflammatory factor expression in macrophages through triggering mitochondrial DNA release to activate cGAS-STING signaling. Moreover, TDP43 strengthens lipid uptake of macrophages through regulating β-catenin and PPAR-γ complex to promote scavenger receptor gene CD36 transcription. Finally, using macrophage TDP43 specific knockout mice with ApoE-/- background fed with western diet for 12 weeks to establish AS model, we find that specific knockout of TDP43 in macrophages obviously alleviates western diet-induced AS progression in mice. Conclusions Transactive response DNA-binding protein∼43 kDa exacerbates atherosclerosis progression by promoting inflammation and lipid uptake of macrophages, suggesting TDP43 as a potential target for developing atherosclerotic drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Huangfu
- Department of Cardiology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Zhenyu Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Wenyuan Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Chunlan Tao
- Department of Cardiology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Zhenwei Li
- Department of Cardiology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Yewen Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Xiaomin Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
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53
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Rajič Bumber J, Pilipović K, Janković T, Dolenec P, Gržeta N, Križ J, Župan G. Repetitive Traumatic Brain Injury Is Associated With TDP-43 Alterations, Neurodegeneration, and Glial Activation in Mice. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2021; 80:2-14. [PMID: 33212475 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlaa130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence points to a relationship between repetitive mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), the Tar DNA binding protein 43 (TDP-43) pathology and some neurodegenerative diseases, but the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms are still unknown. We examined TDP-43 regulation, neurodegeneration, and glial responses following repetitive mTBI in nontransgenic mice and in animals with overexpression of human mutant TDP-43 protein (TDP-43G348C). In the frontal cortices of the injured nontransgenic animals, early TDP-43 cytoplasmatic translocation and overexpression of the protein and its pathological forms were detected. In the injured animals of both genotypes, neurodegeneration and pronounced glial activity were detected in the optic tract. In TDP-43G348C mice, these changes were significantly higher at day 7 after the last mTBI compared with the values in the nontransgenic animals. Results of this study suggest that the changes in the TDP-43 regulation in the frontal cortices of the nontransgenic animals were a transient stress response to the brain injury. Repetitive mTBI did not produce additional TDP-43 dysregulation or neurodegeneration or pronounced gliosis in the frontal cortex of TDP-43G348C mice. Our research also suggests that overexpression of mutated human TDP-43 possibly predisposes the brain to more intense neurodegeneration and glial activation in the optic tract after repetitive mTBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Rajič Bumber
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Kristina Pilipović
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Tamara Janković
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Petra Dolenec
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Nika Gržeta
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Jasna Križ
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Gordana Župan
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
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54
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Pilipović K, Rajič Bumber J, Dolenec P, Gržeta N, Janković T, Križ J, Župan G. Long-Term Effects of Repetitive Mild Traumatic Injury on the Visual System in Wild-Type and TDP-43 Transgenic Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126584. [PMID: 34205342 PMCID: PMC8235442 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the impairments and pathological changes in the visual system in mild brain trauma, especially repetitive mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). The goal of this study was to examine and compare the effects of repeated head impacts on the neurodegeneration, axonal integrity, and glial activity in the optic tract (OT), as well as on neuronal preservation, glial responses, and synaptic organization in the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) and superior colliculus (SC), in wild-type mice and transgenic animals with overexpression of human TDP-43 mutant protein (TDP-43G348C) at 6 months after repeated closed head traumas. Animals were also assessed in the Barnes maze (BM) task. Neurodegeneration, axonal injury, and gliosis were detected in the OT of the injured animals of both genotypes. In the traumatized mice, myelination of surviving axons was mostly preserved, and the expression of neurofilament light chain was unaffected. Repetitive mTBI did not induce changes in the LGN and the SC, nor did it affect the performance of the BM task in the traumatized wild-type and TDP-43 transgenic mice. Differences in neuropathological and behavioral assessments between the injured wild-type and TDP-43G348C mice were not revealed. Results of the current study suggest that repetitive mTBI was associated with chronic damage and inflammation in the OT in wild-type and TDP-43G348C mice, which were not accompanied with behavioral problems and were not affected by the TDP-43 genotype, while the LGN and the SC remained preserved in the used experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Pilipović
- Department of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51 000 Rijeka, Croatia; (K.P.); (J.R.B.); (P.D.); (N.G.); (T.J.)
| | - Jelena Rajič Bumber
- Department of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51 000 Rijeka, Croatia; (K.P.); (J.R.B.); (P.D.); (N.G.); (T.J.)
| | - Petra Dolenec
- Department of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51 000 Rijeka, Croatia; (K.P.); (J.R.B.); (P.D.); (N.G.); (T.J.)
| | - Nika Gržeta
- Department of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51 000 Rijeka, Croatia; (K.P.); (J.R.B.); (P.D.); (N.G.); (T.J.)
| | - Tamara Janković
- Department of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51 000 Rijeka, Croatia; (K.P.); (J.R.B.); (P.D.); (N.G.); (T.J.)
| | - Jasna Križ
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada;
| | - Gordana Župan
- Department of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51 000 Rijeka, Croatia; (K.P.); (J.R.B.); (P.D.); (N.G.); (T.J.)
- Correspondence:
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55
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Arezoumandan S, Cai X, Kalkarni P, Davis SA, Wilson K, Ferris CF, Cairns NJ, Gitcho MA. Hippocampal neurobiology and function in an aged mouse model of TDP-43 proteinopathy in an APP/PSEN1 background. Neurosci Lett 2021; 758:136010. [PMID: 34090937 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.136010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a major risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common cause of dementia worldwide. TDP-43 proteinopathy is reported to be associated with AD pathology is almost 50% of cases. Our exploratory study examined near end-stage (28 months old) mice selectively driving expression of human TDP-43 in the hippocampus and cortex in an APP/PSEN1 background. We hypothesized that hippocampal neuropathology caused by β-amyloidosis with TDP-43 proteinopathy induced in this model, resembling the pathology seen in AD cases, manifest with changes in resting state functional connectivity. In vivo magnetic resonance imaging and post-mortem histology were performed on four genotypes: wild type, APP/PSEN1, Camk2a/TDP-43, and Camk2a/TDP-43/APP/PSEN1. Our results revealed loss of functional coupling in hippocampus and amygdala that was associated with severe neuronal loss in dentate gyrus of Camk2a/TDP-43/APP/PSEN1 mice compared to APP/PSEN1 and wild type mice. The loss of cells was accompanied by high background of β-amyloid plaques with sparse phosphorylated TDP-43 pathology. The survival rate was also reduced in Camk2a/TDP-43/APP/PSEN1 mice compared to other groups. This end-of-life study provides exploratory data to reach a better understanding of the role of TDP-43 hippocampal neuropathology in diseases with co-pathologies of TDP-43 proteinopathy and β-amyloidosis such as AD and limbic predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy (LATE).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaz Arezoumandan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Delaware State University, Dover, DE, USA; Delaware Center for Neuroscience Research, Delaware State University, Dover, DE, USA
| | - Xuezhu Cai
- Departments of Psychology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA; Center for Translational NeuroImaging, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Praveen Kalkarni
- Departments of Psychology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA; Center for Translational NeuroImaging, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stephani A Davis
- Department of Biological Sciences, Delaware State University, Dover, DE, USA; Delaware Center for Neuroscience Research, Delaware State University, Dover, DE, USA
| | - Katherine Wilson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Delaware State University, Dover, DE, USA; Delaware Center for Neuroscience Research, Delaware State University, Dover, DE, USA
| | - Craig F Ferris
- Departments of Psychology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA; Center for Translational NeuroImaging, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nigel J Cairns
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Michael A Gitcho
- Department of Biological Sciences, Delaware State University, Dover, DE, USA; Delaware Center for Neuroscience Research, Delaware State University, Dover, DE, USA.
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56
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Anderson EN, Morera AA, Kour S, Cherry JD, Ramesh N, Gleixner A, Schwartz JC, Ebmeier C, Old W, Donnelly CJ, Cheng JP, Kline AE, Kofler J, Stein TD, Pandey UB. Traumatic injury compromises nucleocytoplasmic transport and leads to TDP-43 pathology. eLife 2021; 10:e67587. [PMID: 34060470 PMCID: PMC8169113 DOI: 10.7554/elife.67587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a predisposing factor for many neurodegenerative diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). Although defects in nucleocytoplasmic transport (NCT) is reported ALS and other neurodegenerative diseases, whether defects in NCT occur in TBI remains unknown. We performed proteomic analysis on Drosophila exposed to repeated TBI and identified resultant alterations in several novel molecular pathways. TBI upregulated nuclear pore complex (NPC) and nucleocytoplasmic transport (NCT) proteins as well as alter nucleoporin stability. Traumatic injury disrupted RanGAP1 and NPC protein distribution in flies and a rat model and led to coaggregation of NPC components and TDP-43. In addition, trauma-mediated NCT defects and lethality are rescued by nuclear export inhibitors. Importantly, genetic upregulation of nucleoporins in vivo and in vitro triggered TDP-43 cytoplasmic mislocalization, aggregation, and altered solubility and reduced motor function and lifespan of animals. We also found NUP62 pathology and elevated NUP62 concentrations in postmortem brain tissues of patients with mild or severe CTE as well as co-localization of NUP62 and TDP-43 in CTE. These findings indicate that TBI leads to NCT defects, which potentially mediate the TDP-43 pathology in CTE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric N Anderson
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical CenterPittsburghUnited States
| | - Andrés A Morera
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of ArizonaTucsonUnited States
| | - Sukhleen Kour
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical CenterPittsburghUnited States
| | - Jonathan D Cherry
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of MedicineBostonUnited States
- Boston VA Healthcare SystemBostonUnited States
| | - Nandini Ramesh
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical CenterPittsburghUnited States
| | - Amanda Gleixner
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghUnited States
- LiveLike Lou Center for ALS Research, Brain Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghUnited States
| | - Jacob C Schwartz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of ArizonaTucsonUnited States
| | - Christopher Ebmeier
- Molecular, Cellular & Developmental Biology, University of ColoradoBoulderUnited States
| | - William Old
- Molecular, Cellular & Developmental Biology, University of ColoradoBoulderUnited States
| | - Christopher J Donnelly
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghUnited States
- LiveLike Lou Center for ALS Research, Brain Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghUnited States
| | - Jeffrey P Cheng
- Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation; Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of PittsburghPittsburghUnited States
| | - Anthony E Kline
- Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation; Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of PittsburghPittsburghUnited States
- Center for Neuroscience; Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition; Critical Care Medicine, University of PittsburghPittsburghUnited States
| | - Julia Kofler
- Department of Pathology, University of PittsburghPittsburghUnited States
| | - Thor D Stein
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of MedicineBostonUnited States
- Boston VA Healthcare SystemBostonUnited States
| | - Udai Bhan Pandey
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical CenterPittsburghUnited States
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Public HealthPittsburghUnited States
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57
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Eck RJ, Kraemer BC, Liachko NF. Regulation of TDP-43 phosphorylation in aging and disease. GeroScience 2021; 43:1605-1614. [PMID: 34032984 PMCID: PMC8492835 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-021-00383-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Insoluble inclusions of phosphorylated TDP-43 occur in disease-affected neurons of most patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and about half of patients with frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD-TDP). Phosphorylated TDP-43 potentiates a number of neurotoxic effects including reduced liquid-liquid phase separation dynamicity, changes in splicing, cytoplasmic mislocalization, and aggregation. Accumulating evidence suggests a balance of kinase and phosphatase activities control TDP-43 phosphorylation. Dysregulation of these processes may lead to an increase in phosphorylated TDP-43, ultimately contributing to neurotoxicity and neurodegeneration in disease. Here we summarize the evolving understanding of major regulators of TDP-43 phosphorylation as well as downstream consequences of their activities. Interventions restoring kinase and phosphatase balance may be a generalizable therapeutic strategy for all TDP-43 proteinopathies including ALS and FTLD-TDP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randall J Eck
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.,Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Seattle Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, 1660 South Columbian Way, Seattle, WA, 98108, USA
| | - Brian C Kraemer
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.,Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Seattle Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, 1660 South Columbian Way, Seattle, WA, 98108, USA.,Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98104, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.,Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98104, USA
| | - Nicole F Liachko
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Seattle Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, 1660 South Columbian Way, Seattle, WA, 98108, USA. .,Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98104, USA.
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58
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Chhangani D, Martín-Peña A, Rincon-Limas DE. Molecular, functional, and pathological aspects of TDP-43 fragmentation. iScience 2021; 24:102459. [PMID: 34013172 PMCID: PMC8113996 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Transactive response DNA binding protein 43 (TDP-43) is a DNA/RNA binding protein involved in transcriptional regulation and RNA processing. It is linked to sporadic and familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal lobar degeneration. TDP-43 is predominantly nuclear, but it translocates to the cytoplasm under pathological conditions. Cytoplasmic accumulation, phosphorylation, ubiquitination and truncation of TDP-43 are the main hallmarks of TDP-43 proteinopathies. Among these processes, the pathways leading to TDP-43 fragmentation remain poorly understood. We review here the molecular and biochemical properties of several TDP-43 fragments, the mechanisms and factors mediating their production, and their potential role in disease progression. We also address the presence of TDP-43 C-terminal fragments in several neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, and highlight their respective implications. Finally, we discuss features of animal models expressing TDP-43 fragments as well as recent therapeutic strategies to approach TDP-43 truncation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Chhangani
- Department of Neurology, McKnight Brain Institute, and Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Alfonso Martín-Peña
- Department of Neurology, McKnight Brain Institute, and Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Diego E Rincon-Limas
- Department of Neurology, McKnight Brain Institute, and Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.,Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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59
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Baralle M, Romano M. Characterization of the human TARDBP gene promoter. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10438. [PMID: 34002018 PMCID: PMC8129075 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89973-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The expression of TDP-43, the main component of neuronal intracellular inclusions across a broad spectrum of ALS and FTD disorders, is developmentally regulated and studies in vivo have shown that TDP-43 overexpression can be toxic, even before observation of pathological aggregates. Starting from these observations, the regulation of its expression at transcriptional level might represent a further key element for the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, we have characterized the human TARDBP promoter, in order to study the transcriptional mechanisms of expression. Mapping of cis-acting elements by luciferase assays in different cell outlined that the activity of the promoter seems to be higher in SH-SY5Y, Neuro2A, and HeLa than in HEK293. In addition, we tested effects of two SNPs found in the promoter region of ALS patients and observed no significant effect on transcription levels in all tested cell lines. Lastly, while TDP-43 overexpression did not affect significantly the activity of its promoter (suggesting that TDP-43 does not influence its own transcription), the presence of the 5'UTR sequence and of intron-1 splicing seem to impact positively on TDP-43 expression without affecting transcript stability. In conclusion, we have identified the region spanning nucleotides 451-230 upstream from the transcription start site as the minimal region with a significant transcription activity. These results lay an important foundation for exploring the regulation of the TARDBP gene transcription by exogenous and endogenous stimuli and the implication of transcriptional mechanisms in the pathogenesis of TDP-43 proteinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Baralle
- grid.425196.d0000 0004 1759 4810International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Area Science Park, Padriciano, Trieste, Italy
| | - Maurizio Romano
- grid.5133.40000 0001 1941 4308Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via A. Valerio 28, 34127 Trieste, Italy
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60
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Hunter S, Hokkanen SRK, Keage HAD, Fleming J, Minett T, Polvikoski T, Allinson K, Brayne C. TDP-43 Related Neuropathologies and Phosphorylation State: Associations with Age and Clinical Dementia in the Cambridge City over-75s Cohort. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 75:337-350. [PMID: 32280087 DOI: 10.3233/jad-191093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pathologies associated with the Tar-DNA binding protein 43 KDa (TDP-43) are associated with neurodegenerative diseases and aging. Phosphorylation of cellular proteins is a well-accepted mechanism of biological control and can be associated with disease pathways. Phosphorylation state associated with TDP-43 associated pathology has not been investigated with respect to dementia status in a population representative sample. TDP-43 immunohistochemistry directed toward phosphorylated (TDP-43P) and unphosphorylated (TDP-43U) was assessed in sections of hippocampus and temporal cortex from 222 brains donated to the population representative Cambridge City over-75s Cohort. Relationships between dementia status and age at death for TDP-43 immunoreactive pathologies by phosphorylation state were investigated. TDP-43 pathologies are common in the oldest old in the population and often do not conform to MacKenzie classification. Increasing age is associated with glial (TDP-43P) and neuronal inclusions (TDP-43P and TDP-43U), neurites, and granulovacuolar degeneration (GVD). Dementia status is associated with GVD and glial (TDP-43 P) and neural inclusions (TDP-43 P and U). Dementia severity was associated with glial (TDP-43P) and neuronal inclusions (TDP-43U and TDP-43P), GVD, and neurites. The associations between dementia severity and both glial cytoplasmic inclusions and GVD were independent from other pathologies and TDP-43 neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions. TDP-43 pathology contributes to dementia status and progression in a variety of ways in different phosphorylation states involving both neurons and glia, independently from age and from classic Alzheimer-related pathologies. TDP-43 pathologies as cytoplasmic inclusions in neurons or glia or as GVD contribute independently to dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally Hunter
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Suvi R K Hokkanen
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hannah A D Keage
- Cognitive Ageing and Impairment Neurosciences, School of Psychology, Social Work and Social Policy, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Jane Fleming
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Thais Minett
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tuomo Polvikoski
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Kieren Allinson
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Carol Brayne
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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61
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Ding B, Sepehrimanesh M. Nucleocytoplasmic Transport: Regulatory Mechanisms and the Implications in Neurodegeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4165. [PMID: 33920577 PMCID: PMC8072611 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleocytoplasmic transport (NCT) across the nuclear envelope is precisely regulated in eukaryotic cells, and it plays critical roles in maintenance of cellular homeostasis. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that dysregulations of NCT are implicated in aging and age-related neurodegenerative diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), frontotemporal dementia (FTD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and Huntington disease (HD). This is an emerging research field. The molecular mechanisms underlying impaired NCT and the pathogenesis leading to neurodegeneration are not clear. In this review, we comprehensively described the components of NCT machinery, including nuclear envelope (NE), nuclear pore complex (NPC), importins and exportins, RanGTPase and its regulators, and the regulatory mechanisms of nuclear transport of both protein and transcript cargos. Additionally, we discussed the possible molecular mechanisms of impaired NCT underlying aging and neurodegenerative diseases, such as ALS/FTD, HD, and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baojin Ding
- Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, 410 East Saint Mary Boulevard, Lafayette, LA 70503, USA;
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Pathway from TDP-43-Related Pathology to Neuronal Dysfunction in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22083843. [PMID: 33917673 PMCID: PMC8068029 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Transactivation response DNA binding protein 43 kDa (TDP-43) is known to be a pathologic protein in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). TDP-43 is normally a nuclear protein, but affected neurons of ALS or FTLD patients exhibit mislocalization of nuclear TDP-43 and cytoplasmic inclusions. Basic studies have suggested gain-of-neurotoxicity of aggregated TDP-43 or loss-of-function of intrinsic, nuclear TDP-43. It has also been hypothesized that the aggregated TDP-43 functions as a propagation seed of TDP-43 pathology. However, a mechanistic discrepancy between the TDP-43 pathology and neuronal dysfunctions remains. This article aims to review the observations of TDP-43 pathology in autopsied ALS and FTLD patients and address pathways of neuronal dysfunction related to the neuropathological findings, focusing on impaired clearance of TDP-43 and synaptic alterations in TDP-43-related ALS and FTLD. The former may be relevant to intraneuronal aggregation of TDP-43 and exocytosis of propagation seeds, whereas the latter may be related to neuronal dysfunction induced by TDP-43 pathology. Successful strategies of disease-modifying therapy might arise from further investigation of these subcellular alterations.
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Tziortzouda P, Van Den Bosch L, Hirth F. Triad of TDP43 control in neurodegeneration: autoregulation, localization and aggregation. Nat Rev Neurosci 2021; 22:197-208. [PMID: 33654312 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-021-00431-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Cytoplasmic aggregation of TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP43; also known as TARDBP or TDP-43) is a key pathological feature of several neurodegenerative diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). TDP43 typically resides in the nucleus but can shuttle between the nucleus and the cytoplasm to exert its multiple functions, which include regulation of the splicing, trafficking and stabilization of RNA. Cytoplasmic mislocalization and nuclear loss of TDP43 have both been associated with ALS and FTD, suggesting that calibrated levels and correct localization of TDP43 - achieved through an autoregulatory loop and tightly controlled nucleocytoplasmic transport - safeguard its normal function. Furthermore, TDP43 can undergo phase transitions, including its dispersion into liquid droplets and its accumulation into irreversible cytoplasmic aggregates. Thus, autoregulation, nucleocytoplasmic transport and phase transition are all part of an intrinsic control system regulating the physiological levels and localization of TDP43, and together are essential for the cellular homeostasis that is affected in neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paraskevi Tziortzouda
- Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ludo Van Den Bosch
- Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Frank Hirth
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
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Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Lobar Degenerations: Similarities in Genetic Background. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11030509. [PMID: 33805659 PMCID: PMC7998502 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11030509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating, uniformly lethal progressive degenerative disorder of motor neurons that overlaps with frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) clinically, morphologically, and genetically. Although many distinct mutations in various genes are known to cause amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, it remains poorly understood how they selectively impact motor neuron biology and whether they converge on common pathways to cause neuronal degeneration. Many of the gene mutations are in proteins that share similar functions. They can be grouped into those associated with cell axon dynamics and those associated with cellular phagocytic machinery, namely protein aggregation and metabolism, apoptosis, and intracellular nucleic acid transport. Analysis of pathways implicated by mutant ALS genes has provided new insights into the pathogenesis of both familial forms of ALS (fALS) and sporadic forms (sALS), although, regrettably, this has not yet yielded definitive treatments. Many genes play an important role, with TARDBP, SQSTM1, VCP, FUS, TBK1, CHCHD10, and most importantly, C9orf72 being critical genetic players in these neurological disorders. In this mini-review, we will focus on the molecular mechanisms of these two diseases.
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Liu KY, Reeves S, McAleese KE, Attems J, Francis P, Thomas A, Howard R. Neuropsychiatric symptoms in limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy and Alzheimer's disease. Brain 2021; 143:3842-3849. [PMID: 33188391 PMCID: PMC7805786 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awaa315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
There is clinical overlap between presentations of dementia due to limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy (LATE) and Alzheimer's disease. It has been suggested that the combination of Alzheimer's disease neuropathological change (ADNC) and LATE neuropathological changes (LATE-NC) is associated with greater neuropsychiatric symptom burden, compared to either pathology alone. Longitudinal Neuropsychiatric Inventory and psychotropic medication prescription data from neuropathologically diagnosed pure ADNC (n = 78), pure LATE-NC (n = 14) and mixed ADNC/LATE-NC (n = 39) brain bank donors were analysed using analysis of variance and linear mixed effects regression models to examine the relationship between diagnostic group and neuropsychiatric symptom burden. Nearly all donors had dementia; three (two pure LATE-NC and one pure ADNC) donors had mild cognitive impairment and another two donors with LATE-NC did not have dementia. The mixed ADNC/LATE-NC group was older than the pure ADNC group, had a higher proportion of females compared to the pure ADNC and LATE-NC groups, and had more severe dementia versus the pure LATE-NC group. After adjustment for length of follow-up, cognitive and demographic factors, mixed ADNC/LATE-NC was associated with lower total Neuropsychiatric Inventory and agitation factor scores than pure ADNC, and lower frontal factor scores than pure LATE-NC. Our findings indicate that concomitant LATE pathology in Alzheimer's disease is not associated with greater neuropsychiatric symptom burden. Future longitudinal studies are needed to further investigate whether mixed ADNC/LATE-NC may be protective against agitation and frontal symptoms in dementia caused by Alzheimer's disease or LATE pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathy Y Liu
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, UK
| | | | - Kirsty E McAleese
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Johannes Attems
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Paul Francis
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,University of Exeter Medical School, Medical School Building, St Luke's Campus, Exeter, UK
| | - Alan Thomas
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Robert Howard
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, UK
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Tando S, Kasai T, Mizuta I, Takahashi H, Yaoi T, Saito K, Hojo T, Mizuno T, Hasegawa M, Itoh K. An autopsy case of corticobasal syndrome due to asymmetric degeneration of the motor cortex and substantia nigra with TDP-43 proteinopathy, associated with Alzheimer's disease pathology. Neuropathology 2021; 41:214-225. [PMID: 33537992 DOI: 10.1111/neup.12723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We herein report a case of corticobasal syndrome (CBS) due to asymmetric degeneration of the motor cortex and substantia nigra with transactivation response DNA-binding protein of 43 kDa (TDP-43) proteinopathy, associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. An 85-year-old man initially noticed that he had difficulty in walking and had trouble in moving his right hand and lower limb one year later. His gait disturbance was aggravated, and at the age of 87 years, his neurological examination revealed parkinsonism and positive frontal lobe signs. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed atrophy of the left frontotemporal lobe and cerebral peduncle, and cerebral blood flow scintigraphy revealed hypoperfusion of the left frontotemporal lobe, leading to a possible diagnosis of CBS. At the age of 89 years, he was bedridden, and rarely spoke. He died of aspiration pneumonia five years after the onset of initial symptoms. At the autopsy, the brain weighed 1280 g and showed left-sided hemiatrophy of the cerebrum and cerebral peduncle. Neuropathological examination revealed AD pathology (Braak AT8 stage V, Braak stage C, CERAD B, Thal classification 5). Phosphorylated TDP-43 (p-TDP-43) immunohistochemistry revealed widespread deposits of dystrophic neurites (DNs), glial cytoplasmic inclusions (GCIs), and neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions (NCIs), which were most remarkable in layers II/III of the motor cortex and predominant on the left hemisphere of the frontal cortex, these neuropathology being consistent with frontotemporal lobar degeneration with TDP-43 (FTLD-TDP) type A. Interestingly, neuronal loss in the substantia nigra was more severe on the left than the right side, with a few phosphorylated tau (p-tau) and p-TDP-43 deposits. It is highly likely that asymmetric TDP-43 pathology rather than symmetric tau pathology contributed to the laterality of degeneration of the cerebral cortex, substantia nigra, and pyramidal tract, which led us to suggest that TDP-43 proteinopathy might be a primary cause.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Tando
- Department of Pathology and Applied Neurobiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takashi Kasai
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ikuko Mizuta
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hisashi Takahashi
- Department of Pathology and Applied Neurobiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Neurology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yaoi
- Department of Pathology and Applied Neurobiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kozo Saito
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomohito Hojo
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshiki Mizuno
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masato Hasegawa
- Dementia Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kyoko Itoh
- Department of Pathology and Applied Neurobiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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Hannon E, Shireby GL, Brookes K, Attems J, Sims R, Cairns NJ, Love S, Thomas AJ, Morgan K, Francis PT, Mill J. Genetic risk for Alzheimer's disease influences neuropathology via multiple biological pathways. Brain Commun 2020; 2:fcaa167. [PMID: 33376986 PMCID: PMC7750986 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcaa167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease is a highly heritable, common neurodegenerative disease characterized neuropathologically by the accumulation of β-amyloid plaques and tau-containing neurofibrillary tangles. In addition to the well-established risk associated with the APOE locus, there has been considerable success in identifying additional genetic variants associated with Alzheimer’s disease. Major challenges in understanding how genetic risk influences the development of Alzheimer’s disease are clinical and neuropathological heterogeneity, and the high level of accompanying comorbidities. We report a multimodal analysis integrating longitudinal clinical and cognitive assessment with neuropathological data collected as part of the Brains for Dementia Research study to understand how genetic risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease influence the development of neuropathology and clinical performance. Six hundred and ninety-three donors in the Brains for Dementia Research cohort with genetic data, semi-quantitative neuropathology measurements, cognitive assessments and established diagnostic criteria were included in this study. We tested the association of APOE genotype and Alzheimer’s disease polygenic risk score—a quantitative measure of genetic burden—with survival, four common neuropathological features in Alzheimer’s disease brains (neurofibrillary tangles, β-amyloid plaques, Lewy bodies and transactive response DNA-binding protein 43 proteinopathy), clinical status (clinical dementia rating) and cognitive performance (Mini-Mental State Exam, Montreal Cognitive Assessment). The APOE ε4 allele was significantly associated with younger age of death in the Brains for Dementia Research cohort. Our analyses of neuropathology highlighted two independent pathways from APOE ε4, one where β-amyloid accumulation co-occurs with the development of tauopathy, and a second characterized by direct effects on tauopathy independent of β-amyloidosis. Although we also detected association between APOE ε4 and dementia status and cognitive performance, these were all mediated by tauopathy, highlighting that they are a consequence of the neuropathological changes. Analyses of polygenic risk score identified associations with tauopathy and β-amyloidosis, which appeared to have both shared and unique contributions, suggesting that different genetic variants associated with Alzheimer’s disease affect different features of neuropathology to different degrees. Taken together, our results provide insight into how genetic risk for Alzheimer’s disease influences both the clinical and pathological features of dementia, increasing our understanding about the interplay between APOE genotype and other genetic risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eilis Hannon
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Gemma L Shireby
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Keeley Brookes
- School of Science & Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NF, UK
| | - Johannes Attems
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Rebecca Sims
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Nigel J Cairns
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Seth Love
- Bristol Medical School (THS), University of Bristol, Bristol, BS2 8DZ, UK
| | - Alan J Thomas
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Kevin Morgan
- Human Genetics Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Paul T Francis
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Jonathan Mill
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon, EX2 5DW, UK
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Tarawneh R. Biomarkers: Our Path Towards a Cure for Alzheimer Disease. Biomark Insights 2020; 15:1177271920976367. [PMID: 33293784 PMCID: PMC7705771 DOI: 10.1177/1177271920976367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, biomarkers have significantly improved our understanding of
the pathophysiology of Alzheimer disease (AD) and provided valuable tools to
examine different disease mechanisms and their progression over time. While
several markers of amyloid, tau, neuronal, synaptic, and axonal injury,
inflammation, and immune dysregulation in AD have been identified, there is a
relative paucity of biomarkers which reflect other disease mechanisms such as
oxidative stress, mitochondrial injury, vascular or endothelial injury, and
calcium-mediated excitotoxicity. Importantly, there is an urgent need to
standardize methods for biomarker assessments across different centers, and to
identify dynamic biomarkers which can monitor disease progression over time
and/or response to potential disease-modifying treatments. The updated research
framework for AD, proposed by the National Institute of Aging- Alzheimer’s
Association (NIA-AA) Work Group, emphasizes the importance of incorporating
biomarkers in AD research and defines AD as a biological construct consisting of
amyloid, tau, and neurodegeneration which spans pre-symptomatic and symptomatic
stages. As results of clinical trials of AD therapeutics have been
disappointing, it has become increasingly clear that the success of future AD
trials will require the incorporation of biomarkers in participant selection,
prognostication, monitoring disease progression, and assessing response to
treatments. We here review the current state of fluid AD biomarkers, and discuss
the advantages and limitations of the updated NIA-AA research framework.
Importantly, the integration of biomarker data with clinical, cognitive, and
imaging domains through a systems biology approach will be essential to
adequately capture the molecular, genetic, and pathological heterogeneity of AD
and its spatiotemporal evolution over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rawan Tarawneh
- Department of Neurology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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Prudencio M, Humphrey J, Pickles S, Brown AL, Hill SE, Kachergus JM, Shi J, Heckman MG, Spiegel MR, Cook C, Song Y, Yue M, Daughrity LM, Carlomagno Y, Jansen-West K, de Castro CF, DeTure M, Koga S, Wang YC, Sivakumar P, Bodo C, Candalija A, Talbot K, Selvaraj BT, Burr K, Chandran S, Newcombe J, Lashley T, Hubbard I, Catalano D, Kim D, Propp N, Fennessey S, Fagegaltier D, Phatnani H, Secrier M, Fisher EM, Oskarsson B, van Blitterswijk M, Rademakers R, Graff-Radford NR, Boeve BF, Knopman DS, Petersen RC, Josephs KA, Thompson EA, Raj T, Ward M, Dickson DW, Gendron TF, Fratta P, Petrucelli L. Truncated stathmin-2 is a marker of TDP-43 pathology in frontotemporal dementia. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:6080-6092. [PMID: 32790644 PMCID: PMC7598060 DOI: 10.1172/jci139741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
No treatment for frontotemporal dementia (FTD), the second most common type of early-onset dementia, is available, but therapeutics are being investigated to target the 2 main proteins associated with FTD pathological subtypes: TDP-43 (FTLD-TDP) and tau (FTLD-tau). Testing potential therapies in clinical trials is hampered by our inability to distinguish between patients with FTLD-TDP and FTLD-tau. Therefore, we evaluated truncated stathmin-2 (STMN2) as a proxy of TDP-43 pathology, given the reports that TDP-43 dysfunction causes truncated STMN2 accumulation. Truncated STMN2 accumulated in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons depleted of TDP-43, but not in those with pathogenic TARDBP mutations in the absence of TDP-43 aggregation or loss of nuclear protein. In RNA-Seq analyses of human brain samples from the NYGC ALS cohort, truncated STMN2 RNA was confined to tissues and disease subtypes marked by TDP-43 inclusions. Last, we validated that truncated STMN2 RNA was elevated in the frontal cortex of a cohort of patients with FTLD-TDP but not in controls or patients with progressive supranuclear palsy, a type of FTLD-tau. Further, in patients with FTLD-TDP, we observed significant associations of truncated STMN2 RNA with phosphorylated TDP-43 levels and an earlier age of disease onset. Overall, our data uncovered truncated STMN2 as a marker for TDP-43 dysfunction in FTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Prudencio
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Jack Humphrey
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer’s Disease, Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, and
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sarah Pickles
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Anna-Leigh Brown
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah E. Hill
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - J. Shi
- Department of Cancer Biology, and
| | - Michael G. Heckman
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Matthew R. Spiegel
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Casey Cook
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Yuping Song
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Mei Yue
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | | | - Yari Carlomagno
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | | | | | - Michael DeTure
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Shunsuke Koga
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Ying-Chih Wang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Prasanth Sivakumar
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Cristian Bodo
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ana Candalija
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin Talbot
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Bhuvaneish T. Selvaraj
- UK Dementia Research Institute and Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neurone Disease (MND) Research, The University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Karen Burr
- UK Dementia Research Institute and Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neurone Disease (MND) Research, The University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Siddharthan Chandran
- UK Dementia Research Institute and Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neurone Disease (MND) Research, The University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | | | - Tammaryn Lashley
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, and
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, Department of Clinical and Movement Neuroscience, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Duyang Kim
- Center for Genomics of Neurodegenerative Disease, and
| | - Nadia Propp
- Center for Genomics of Neurodegenerative Disease, and
| | | | | | | | | | - Maria Secrier
- University College London Genetics Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth M.C. Fisher
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Björn Oskarsson
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Marka van Blitterswijk
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Rosa Rademakers
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Towfique Raj
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer’s Disease, Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, and
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Michael Ward
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Dennis W. Dickson
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Tania F. Gendron
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Pietro Fratta
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Leonard Petrucelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
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Jo M, Lee S, Jeon YM, Kim S, Kwon Y, Kim HJ. The role of TDP-43 propagation in neurodegenerative diseases: integrating insights from clinical and experimental studies. Exp Mol Med 2020; 52:1652-1662. [PMID: 33051572 PMCID: PMC8080625 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-020-00513-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) is a highly conserved nuclear RNA/DNA-binding protein involved in the regulation of RNA processing. The accumulation of TDP-43 aggregates in the central nervous system is a common feature of many neurodegenerative diseases, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), frontotemporal dementia (FTD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and limbic predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy (LATE). Accumulating evidence suggests that prion-like spreading of aberrant protein aggregates composed of tau, amyloid-β, and α-synuclein is involved in the progression of neurodegenerative diseases such as AD and PD. Similar to those of prion-like proteins, pathological aggregates of TDP-43 can be transferred from cell-to-cell in a seed-dependent and self-templating manner. Here, we review clinical and experimental studies supporting the prion-like spreading of misfolded TDP-43 and discuss the molecular mechanisms underlying the propagation of these pathological aggregated proteins. The idea that misfolded TDP-43 spreads in a prion-like manner between cells may guide novel therapeutic strategies for TDP-43-associated neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myungjin Jo
- Dementia Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, 41062, South Korea
| | - Shinrye Lee
- Dementia Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, 41062, South Korea
| | - Yu-Mi Jeon
- Dementia Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, 41062, South Korea
| | - Seyeon Kim
- Dementia Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, 41062, South Korea.,Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, Daegu, 42988, South Korea
| | - Younghwi Kwon
- Dementia Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, 41062, South Korea.,Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, Daegu, 42988, South Korea
| | - Hyung-Jun Kim
- Dementia Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, 41062, South Korea.
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71
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Lopez OL, Kofler J, Chang Y, Berman SB, Becker JT, Sweet RA, Nadkarni N, Patira R, Kamboh MI, Cohen AD, Snitz BE, Kuller LH, Klunk WE. Hippocampal sclerosis, TDP-43, and the duration of the symptoms of dementia of AD patients. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2020; 7:1546-1556. [PMID: 32735084 PMCID: PMC7480925 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the relationship between duration of the cognitive symptoms, from the earliest reported symptom to death, and hippocampal sclerosis (HS) and TAR-DNA binding protein of 43kDA (TDP-43) in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. METHODS The study was conducted in 359 cognitively impaired patients who met the pathological criteria for AD (NIA-Reagan intermediate or high). The mean age at onset was 69.5 ± 8.8 years (range 37-95) and the mean duration of the symptoms was 10.5 ± 4.2 years. The association between symptoms duration and HS and TDP-43 was examined with logistic regression analyses controlling for age at death, atherosclerosis in the Circle of Willis (CW), cerebral infarcts, gender, baseline Mini Mental State Examination scores, APOE-4 allele, and presence of Lewy bodies (LB). RESULTS HS was present in 18% (n = 64) and TDP-43 in 51.5% (n = 185) of the patients. HS and TDP-43 were more frequent in patients whose symptoms lasted more than 10 years. LBs were present in 72% of the patients with HS and in 64% of the patients with TDP-43. Age at onset was not associated with TDP-43 or HS. HS was associated with duration of symptoms and LB, TDP-43, and atherosclerosis in the CW. TDP-43 was associated with duration of symptoms, LB, and HS. INTERPRETATION HS and TDP-43 are present in early and late onset AD. However, their presence is mainly driven by the duration of symptoms and the presence of LB. This suggests that HS and TDP-43 are part of the later neuropathological changes in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar L. Lopez
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPennsylvania
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPennsylvania
| | - Julia Kofler
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPennsylvania
| | - YueFang Chang
- Department of NeurosurgeryUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPennsylvania
| | - Sarah B. Berman
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPennsylvania
| | - James T. Becker
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPennsylvania
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPennsylvania
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPennsylvania
| | - Robert A. Sweet
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPennsylvania
| | - Neelesh Nadkarni
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPennsylvania
| | - Riddhi Patira
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPennsylvania
| | - M. Ilyas Kamboh
- Department of Human GeneticsUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPennsylvania
| | - Ann D. Cohen
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPennsylvania
| | - Beth E. Snitz
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPennsylvania
| | - Lewis H. Kuller
- Department of EpidemiologyUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPennsylvania
| | - William E. Klunk
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPennsylvania
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPennsylvania
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72
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Neumann M, Mackenzie IRA. Review: Neuropathology of non-tau frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2020; 45:19-40. [PMID: 30357887 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a heterogeneous clinical syndrome associated with frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) as a relatively consistent neuropathological hallmark feature. However, the discoveries in the past decade of many of the relevant pathological proteins aggregating in human FTD brains in addition to several new FTD causing gene mutations underlined that FTD is a diverse condition on the neuropathological and genetic basis. This resulted in a novel molecular classification of these conditions based on the predominant protein abnormality and allows most cases of FTD to be placed now into one of three broad molecular subgroups; FTLD with tau, TAR DNA-binding protein 43 or FET protein accumulation (FTLD-tau, FTLD-TDP and FTLD-FET respectively). This review will provide an overview of the molecular neuropathology of non-tau FTLD, insights into disease mechanisms gained from the study of human post mortem tissue as well as discussion of current controversies in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Neumann
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Molecular Neuropathology of Neurodegenerative Diseases, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
| | - I R A Mackenzie
- Department of Pathology, University of British Columbia and Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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73
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Robinson JL, Yan N, Caswell C, Xie SX, Suh E, Van Deerlin VM, Gibbons G, Irwin DJ, Grossman M, Lee EB, Lee VMY, Miller B, Trojanowski JQ. Primary Tau Pathology, Not Copathology, Correlates With Clinical Symptoms in PSP and CBD. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2020; 79:296-304. [PMID: 31999351 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlz141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Distinct neuronal and glial tau pathologies define corticobasal degeneration (CBD) and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). Additional Alzheimer disease, TDP-43, and Lewy body copathologies are also common. The interplay of these pathologies with clinical symptoms remains unclear as individuals can present with corticobasal syndrome, frontotemporal dementia, PSP, or atypical Parkinsonism and may have additional secondary impairments. We report clinical, pathological, and genetic interactions in a cohort of CBD and PSP cases. Neurofibrillary tangles and plaques were common. Apolipoprotein E (APOE)ε4 carriers had more plaques while PSP APOEε2 carriers had fewer plaques. TDP-43 copathology was present and age-associated in 14% of PSP, and age-independent in 33% of CBD. Lewy body copathology varied from 9% to 15% and was not age-associated. The primary FTD-Tau burden-a sum of the neuronal, astrocytic and oligodendrocytic tau-was not age-, APOE-, or MAPT-related. In PSP, FTD-Tau, independent of copathology, associated with executive, language, motor, and visuospatial impairments, while PSP with Parkinsonism had a lower FTD-Tau burden, but this was not the case in CBD. Taken together, our results indicate that the primary tauopathy burden is the strongest correlate of clinical PSP, while copathologies are principally determined by age and genetic risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- John L Robinson
- From the Penn Alzheimer's Disease Core Center.,Penn Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
| | - Ning Yan
- From the Penn Alzheimer's Disease Core Center.,Penn Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine.,Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Carrie Caswell
- Penn Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research.,Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, and Informatics
| | - Sharon X Xie
- From the Penn Alzheimer's Disease Core Center.,Penn Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine.,Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, and Informatics
| | - EunRan Suh
- From the Penn Alzheimer's Disease Core Center.,Penn Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
| | - Vivianna M Van Deerlin
- From the Penn Alzheimer's Disease Core Center.,Penn Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
| | - Garrett Gibbons
- From the Penn Alzheimer's Disease Core Center.,Penn Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
| | - David J Irwin
- From the Penn Alzheimer's Disease Core Center.,Penn Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine.,Penn Frontotemporal Degeneration Center.,Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Murray Grossman
- From the Penn Alzheimer's Disease Core Center.,Penn Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research.,Penn Frontotemporal Degeneration Center.,Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Edward B Lee
- From the Penn Alzheimer's Disease Core Center.,Penn Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
| | - Virginia M-Y Lee
- From the Penn Alzheimer's Disease Core Center.,Penn Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine.,Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Bruce Miller
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - John Q Trojanowski
- From the Penn Alzheimer's Disease Core Center.,Penn Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine.,Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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74
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Liscic RM, Alberici A, Cairns NJ, Romano M, Buratti E. From basic research to the clinic: innovative therapies for ALS and FTD in the pipeline. Mol Neurodegener 2020; 15:31. [PMID: 32487123 PMCID: PMC7268618 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-020-00373-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Frontotemporal Degeneration (FTD) are neurodegenerative disorders, related by deterioration of motor and cognitive functions and short survival. Aside from cases with an inherited pathogenic mutation, the causes of the disorders are still largely unknown and no effective treatment currently exists. It has been shown that FTD may coexist with ALS and this overlap occurs at clinical, genetic, and molecular levels. In this work, we review the main pathological aspects of these complex diseases and discuss how the integration of the novel pathogenic molecular insights and the analysis of molecular interaction networks among all the genetic players represents a critical step to shed light on discovering novel therapeutic strategies and possibly tailoring personalized medicine approaches to specific ALS and FTD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajka Maria Liscic
- Department of Neurology, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria
- School of Medicine, University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Antonella Alberici
- Neurology Unit, Department of Neurological Sciences and Vision, ASST-Spedali Civili-University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Nigel John Cairns
- College of Medicine and Health and Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Maurizio Romano
- Department of Life Sciences, Via Valerio 28, University of Trieste, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Emanuele Buratti
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Padriciano 99, 34149, Trieste, Italy.
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75
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Josephs KA, Mackenzie I, Frosch MP, Bigio EH, Neumann M, Arai T, Dugger BN, Ghetti B, Grossman M, Hasegawa M, Herrup K, Holton J, Jellinger K, Lashley T, McAleese KE, Parisi JE, Revesz T, Saito Y, Vonsattel JP, Whitwell JL, Wisniewski T, Hu W. LATE to the PART-y. Brain 2020; 142:e47. [PMID: 31359030 PMCID: PMC6736234 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awz224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ian Mackenzie
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia and Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Matthew P Frosch
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eileen H Bigio
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwesterm University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Manuela Neumann
- Department of Neuropathology, University of Tübingen and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tetsuaki Arai
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Clinical Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Brittany N Dugger
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UC Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Bernardino Ghetti
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University, Indiana, IL, USA
| | - Murray Grossman
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Masato Hasegawa
- Department of Dementia and Higher Brain Function, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Karl Herrup
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Janice Holton
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Kurt Jellinger
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tammaryn Lashley
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Joseph E Parisi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Tamas Revesz
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Yuko Saito
- National Center of Neurology and Pathology Brain Bank, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | - William Hu
- Department of Neurology and Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases Research, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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76
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Ling H, Gelpi E, Davey K, Jaunmuktane Z, Mok KY, Jabbari E, Simone R, R'Bibo L, Brandner S, Ellis MJ, Attems J, Mann D, Halliday GM, Al-Sarraj S, Hedreen J, Ironside JW, Kovacs GG, Kovari E, Love S, Vonsattel JPG, Allinson KSJ, Hansen D, Bradshaw T, Setó-Salvia N, Wray S, de Silva R, Morris HR, Warner TT, Hardy J, Holton JL, Revesz T. Fulminant corticobasal degeneration: a distinct variant with predominant neuronal tau aggregates. Acta Neuropathol 2020; 139:717-734. [PMID: 31950334 PMCID: PMC7096362 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-019-02119-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Corticobasal degeneration typically progresses gradually over 5–7 years from onset till death. Fulminant corticobasal degeneration cases with a rapidly progressive course were rarely reported (RP-CBD). This study aimed to investigate their neuropathological characteristics. Of the 124 autopsy-confirmed corticobasal degeneration cases collected from 14 centres, we identified 6 RP-CBD cases (4.8%) who died of advanced disease within 3 years of onset. These RP-CBD cases had different clinical phenotypes including rapid global cognitive decline (N = 2), corticobasal syndrome (N = 2) and Richardson’s syndrome (N = 2). We also studied four corticobasal degeneration cases with an average disease duration of 3 years or less, who died of another unrelated illness (Intermediate-CBD). Finally, we selected 12 age-matched corticobasal degeneration cases out of a cohort of 110, who had a typical gradually progressive course and reached advanced clinical stage (End-stage-CBD). Quantitative analysis showed high overall tau burden (p = 0.2) and severe nigral cell loss (p = 0.47) in both the RP-CBD and End-stage-CBD groups consistent with advanced pathological changes, while the Intermediate-CBD group (mean disease duration = 3 years) had milder changes than End-stage-CBD (p < 0.05). These findings indicated that RP-CBD cases had already developed advanced pathological changes as those observed in End-stage-CBD cases (mean disease duration = 6.7 years), but within a significantly shorter duration (2.5 years; p < 0.001). Subgroup analysis was performed to investigate the cellular patterns of tau aggregates in the anterior frontal cortex and caudate by comparing neuronal-to-astrocytic plaque ratios between six RP-CBD cases, four Intermediate-CBD and 12 age-matched End-stage-CBD. Neuronal-to-astrocytic plaque ratios of Intermediate-CBD and End-stage-CBD, but not RP-CBD, positively correlated with disease duration in both the anterior frontal cortex and caudate (p = 0.02). In contrast to the predominance of astrocytic plaques we previously reported in preclinical asymptomatic corticobasal degeneration cases, neuronal tau aggregates predominated in RP-CBD exceeding those in Intermediate-CBD (anterior frontal cortex: p < 0.001, caudate: p = 0.001) and End-stage-CBD (anterior frontal cortex: p = 0.03, caudate: p = 0.01) as demonstrated by its higher neuronal-to-astrocytic plaque ratios in both anterior frontal cortex and caudate. We did not identify any difference in age at onset, any pathogenic tau mutation or concomitant pathologies that could have contributed to the rapid progression of these RP-CBD cases. Mild TDP-43 pathology was observed in three RP-CBD cases. All RP-CBD cases were men. The MAPT H2 haplotype, known to be protective, was identified in one RP-CBD case (17%) and 8 of the matched End-stage-CBD cases (67%). We conclude that RP-CBD is a distinct aggressive variant of corticobasal degeneration with characteristic neuropathological substrates resulting in a fulminant disease process as evident both clinically and pathologically. Biological factors such as genetic modifiers likely play a pivotal role in the RP-CBD variant and should be the subject of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Ling
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, 1 Wakefield Street, London, WC1N 1PJ, UK.
- Reta Lila Weston Institute for Neurological Studies, Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Ellen Gelpi
- Neurological Tissue Bank of the Biobanc-Hospital Clinic-IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karen Davey
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, 1 Wakefield Street, London, WC1N 1PJ, UK
| | - Zane Jaunmuktane
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, 1 Wakefield Street, London, WC1N 1PJ, UK
- Reta Lila Weston Institute for Neurological Studies, Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
- Division of Neuropathology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospital Trust, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Kin Y Mok
- Reta Lila Weston Institute for Neurological Studies, Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
- Division of Life Science, Institute for Advanced Study, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China
| | - Edwin Jabbari
- Reta Lila Weston Institute for Neurological Studies, Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Roberto Simone
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, 1 Wakefield Street, London, WC1N 1PJ, UK
- Reta Lila Weston Institute for Neurological Studies, Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Lea R'Bibo
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sebastian Brandner
- Division of Neuropathology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospital Trust, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Matthew J Ellis
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
- Cancer Sciences Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Johannes Attems
- Newcastle Brain Tissue Resource, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - David Mann
- Manchester Brain Bank, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Glenda M Halliday
- Sydney Brain Bank, Neuroscience Research Australia (NeuRA), Sydney, Australia
- Brain and Mind Centre and Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - S Al-Sarraj
- The London Neurodegeneration Brain Bank, The Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neurosciences (IOPPN), Kings College London, London, UK
| | - J Hedreen
- The Harvard Brain Tissue Resource Centre, McLean Hospital, Belmont, USA
| | - James W Ironside
- National CJD Research and Surveillance Unit, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Gabor G Kovacs
- University of Toronto, University Health Network, and Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, Toronto, Canada
| | - E Kovari
- Department of Psychiatry, HUG Belle-Idée, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - S Love
- South West Dementia Brain Bank, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Jean Paul G Vonsattel
- Taub Institute for Research on AD and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, USA
| | | | - Daniela Hansen
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, 1 Wakefield Street, London, WC1N 1PJ, UK
- Reta Lila Weston Institute for Neurological Studies, Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Teisha Bradshaw
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, 1 Wakefield Street, London, WC1N 1PJ, UK
- Reta Lila Weston Institute for Neurological Studies, Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Núria Setó-Salvia
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, 1 Wakefield Street, London, WC1N 1PJ, UK
- Reta Lila Weston Institute for Neurological Studies, Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Selina Wray
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, 1 Wakefield Street, London, WC1N 1PJ, UK
- Reta Lila Weston Institute for Neurological Studies, Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Rohan de Silva
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, 1 Wakefield Street, London, WC1N 1PJ, UK
- Reta Lila Weston Institute for Neurological Studies, Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Huw R Morris
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, 1 Wakefield Street, London, WC1N 1PJ, UK
- Reta Lila Weston Institute for Neurological Studies, Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Thomas T Warner
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, 1 Wakefield Street, London, WC1N 1PJ, UK
- Reta Lila Weston Institute for Neurological Studies, Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - John Hardy
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, 1 Wakefield Street, London, WC1N 1PJ, UK
- Reta Lila Weston Institute for Neurological Studies, Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Janice L Holton
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, 1 Wakefield Street, London, WC1N 1PJ, UK
- Reta Lila Weston Institute for Neurological Studies, Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Tamas Revesz
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, 1 Wakefield Street, London, WC1N 1PJ, UK.
- Reta Lila Weston Institute for Neurological Studies, Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK.
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77
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Huang W, Zhou Y, Tu L, Ba Z, Huang J, Huang N, Luo Y. TDP-43: From Alzheimer's Disease to Limbic-Predominant Age-Related TDP-43 Encephalopathy. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:26. [PMID: 32180703 PMCID: PMC7059763 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the discovery of TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) in 1995, our understanding of its role continues to expand as research progresses. In particular, its role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has drawn increasing interest in recent years. TDP-43 may participate in various pathogenic mechanisms underlying AD, such as amyloid β deposition, tau hyperphosphorylation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and neuroinflammation. Because AD is complex and heterogeneous, and because of the distinct characteristics of TDP-43, mostly seen in the oldest-old and those with more severe clinical phenotype, subcategorization based on specific features or biomarkers may significantly improve diagnosis and treatment. AD-like cognitive dysfunction associated with TDP-43 pathology may therefore be a distinct encephalopathy, referred to as limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy (LATE).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendi Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China
| | - Yongjian Zhou
- School of Graduate Studies, Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou, China
| | - Lin Tu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Zhisheng Ba
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Juan Huang
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou, China
| | - Nanqu Huang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Yong Luo
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Zunyi, Guizhou, China
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78
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Abstract
Corticobasal degeneration (CBD) is a neurodegenerative tauopathy that is characterised by motor and cognitive disturbances (1–3). A higher frequency of the H1 haplotype of MAPT, the tau gene, is present in cases of CBD than in controls (4,5) and genome-wide association studies have identified additional risk factors (6). By histology, astrocytic plaques are diagnostic of CBD (7,8), as are detergent-insoluble tau fragments of 37 kDa by SDS-PAGE (9). Like progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), globular glial tauopathy (GGT) and argyrophilic grain disease (AGD) (10), CBD is characterised by abundant filamentous tau inclusions that are made of isoforms with four microtubule-binding repeats (4R) (11–15). This distinguishes 4R tauopathies from Pick’s disease, filaments of which are made of three-repeat (3R) tau isoforms, and from Alzheimer’s disease and chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), where both 3R and 4R tau isoforms are found in the filaments (16). Here we report the structures of tau filaments extracted from the brains of three individuals with CBD using electron cryo-microscopy (cryo-EM). They were identical between cases, but distinct from those of Alzheimer’s disease, Pick’s disease and CTE (17–19). The core of CBD filaments comprises residues K274-E380 of tau, spanning the last residue of R1, the whole of R2, R3 and R4, as well as 12 amino acids after R4. It adopts a novel four-layered fold, which encloses a large non-proteinaceous density. The latter is surrounded by the side chains of lysine residues 290 and 294 from R2 and 370 from the sequence after R4. CBD is the first 4R tauopathy with filaments of known structure.
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79
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Bourassa P, Tremblay C, Schneider JA, Bennett DA, Calon F. Brain mural cell loss in the parietal cortex in Alzheimer's disease correlates with cognitive decline and TDP-43 pathology. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2020; 46:458-477. [PMID: 31970820 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Brain mural cells (BMC), smooth muscle cells and pericytes, interact closely with endothelial cells and modulate numerous cerebrovascular functions. A loss of BMC function is suspected to play a role in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's Disease (AD). METHODS BMC markers, namely smooth muscle alpha actin (α-SMA) for smooth muscle cells, as well as platelet-derived growth factor receptor β (PDGFRβ) and aminopeptidase N (ANPEP or CD13) for pericytes, were assessed by Western immunoblotting in microvessel extracts from the parietal cortex of 60 participants of the Religious Orders study, with ages at death ranging from 75 to 98 years old. RESULTS Participants clinically diagnosed with AD had lower vascular levels of α-SMA, PDGFRβ and CD13. These reductions were correlated with lower cognitive scores for global cognition, episodic and semantic memory, perceptual speed and visuospatial ability. In addition, α-SMA, PDGFRβ and CD13 were negatively correlated with vascular Aβ40 concentrations. Vascular levels of BMC markers were also inversely correlated with insoluble cleaved phosphorylated transactive response DNA binding protein 43 (TDP-43) (25 kDa) and positively correlated with soluble cleaved phosphorylated TDP-43 (35 kDa) in cortical homogenates, suggesting strong association between BMC loss and cleaved phosphorylated TDP-43 aggregation. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study highlight a loss of BMC in AD. The associations between α-SMA, PDGFRβ and CD13 vascular levels with cognitive scores, TDP-43 aggregation and cerebrovascular accumulation of Aβ in the parietal cortex suggest that BMC loss contributes to both AD symptoms and pathology, further strengthening the link between cerebrovascular defects and dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Bourassa
- Faculté de pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.,Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - C Tremblay
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - J A Schneider
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - D A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - F Calon
- Faculté de pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.,Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
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80
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Bridging biophysics and neurology: aberrant phase transitions in neurodegenerative disease. Nat Rev Neurol 2020; 15:272-286. [PMID: 30890779 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-019-0157-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Biomolecular condensation arising through phase transitions has emerged as an essential organizational strategy that governs many aspects of cell biology. In particular, the role of phase transitions in the assembly of large, complex ribonucleoprotein (RNP) granules has become appreciated as an important regulator of RNA metabolism. In parallel, genetic, histopathological and cell and molecular studies have provided evidence that disturbance of phase transitions is an important driver of neurological diseases, notably amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), but most likely also other diseases. Indeed, our growing knowledge of the biophysics underlying biological phase transitions suggests that this process offers a unifying mechanism to explain the numerous and diverse disturbances in RNA metabolism that have been observed in ALS and some related diseases - specifically, that these diseases are driven by disturbances in the material properties of RNP granules. Here, we review the evidence for this hypothesis, emphasizing the reciprocal roles in which disease-related protein and disease-related RNA can lead to disturbances in the material properties of RNP granules and consequent pathogenesis. Additionally, we review evidence that implicates aberrant phase transitions as a contributing factor to a larger set of neurodegenerative diseases, including frontotemporal dementia, certain repeat expansion diseases and Alzheimer disease.
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81
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Fuller-Thomson E, Deng Z. Could Lifetime Lead Exposure Play a Role in Limbic-predominant Age-related TDP-43 Encephalopathy (LATE)? J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 73:455-459. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-190943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Esme Fuller-Thomson
- Institute for Life Course & Aging, Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - ZhiDi Deng
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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82
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Zhang L, Chen Y, Liu M, Wang Y, Peng G. TDP-43 and Limbic-Predominant Age-Related TDP-43 Encephalopathy. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 11:376. [PMID: 31992981 PMCID: PMC6971113 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Through a number of an extensive autopsy, biomarker, and genomics studies, researchers have recently defined a novel type of dementia known as limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy (LATE). LATE is perhaps best characterized by the presence of hyperphosphorylated TDP-43, which plays multi-functional roles through interactions with DNA and RNA, leading to significant alterations in the transcription and translation of particular genes. As individuals of advanced age represent a rapidly growing demographic group globally, there is a steadily increasing rate of LATE incidence that has to date received insufficient recognition despite its serious implications for public health. TDP-43 is the common pathology of various age-related dementia, therefore, it may be a potential and promising therapeutic target for such diseases. In the present review, we discuss the pathways regulating TDP-43 expression, metabolism, and disease activity in order to better understand the link between TDP-43 proteinopathy and LATE at the genetic, pathological, and clinical levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lumi Zhang
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, Zhejiang University ShuLan International Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yunyun Wang
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, Shengzhou People's Hospital, Shengzhou, China
| | - Guoping Peng
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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83
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Are comorbidities compatible with a molecular pathological classification of neurodegenerative diseases? Curr Opin Neurol 2020; 32:279-291. [PMID: 30672825 DOI: 10.1097/wco.0000000000000664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this review is to provide an update on comorbidities in neurodegenerative conditions. The term comorbidity is used here to distinguish cases with overlapping pathogenic mechanisms, which includes combinations of neurodegenerative proteinopathies from cases with multimorbidity, which is defined as concomitant brain and systemic disorders with different pathogenic mechanisms. RECENT FINDINGS Comorbid proteinopathies are more frequent in both sporadic and hereditary neurodegenerative diseases than previously assumed. The most frequent additional proteinopathies are related to Alzheimer's disease, Lewy body disorder, and limbic predominant transactive response DNA-binding protein 43 proteinopathy, however, different forms of tau pathologies are also increasingly recognized. In addition to ageing, synergistic interaction of proteins, common disease pathways, and the influence of genetic variations are discussed as possible pathogenic players. SUMMARY Comorbid proteinopathies might influence the clinical course and have implications for biomarker and therapeutic development. As pure forms of proteinopathies are still observed, the notion of current molecular classification is justified. This corroborates elucidation of various pathogenic pathways leading to neurodegeneration. Assuming that single proteins and associated pathways are targeted in therapy trials, efforts are needed to better stratify patients and to select pure proteinopathy forms lacking unfavorable genetic constellations. Otherwise combined therapeutic strategies might be necessary for comorbid proteinopathies.
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84
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Milà-Alomà M, Suárez-Calvet M, Molinuevo JL. Latest advances in cerebrospinal fluid and blood biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease. Ther Adv Neurol Disord 2019; 12:1756286419888819. [PMID: 31897088 PMCID: PMC6920596 DOI: 10.1177/1756286419888819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease and its diagnosis has classically been based on clinical symptoms. Recently, a biological rather than a syndromic definition of the disease has been proposed that is based on biomarkers that reflect neuropathological changes. In AD, there are two main biomarker categories, namely neuroimaging and fluid biomarkers [cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood]. As a complex and multifactorial disease, AD biomarkers are important for an accurate diagnosis and to stage the disease, assess the prognosis, test target engagement, and measure the response to treatment. In addition, biomarkers provide us with information that, even if it does not have a current clinical use, helps us to understand the mechanisms of the disease. In addition to the pathological hallmarks of AD, which include amyloid-β and tau deposition, there are multiple concomitant pathological events that play a key role in the disease. These include, but are not limited to, neurodegeneration, inflammation, vascular dysregulation or synaptic dysfunction. In addition, AD patients often have an accumulation of other proteins including α-synuclein and TDP-43, which may have a pathogenic effect on AD. In combination, there is a need to have biomarkers that reflect different aspects of AD pathogenesis and this will be important in the future to establish what are the most suitable applications for each of these AD-related biomarkers. It is unclear whether sex, gender, or both have an effect on the causes of AD. There may be differences in fluid biomarkers due to sex but this issue has often been neglected and warrants further research. In this review, we summarize the current state of the principal AD fluid biomarkers and discuss the effect of sex on these biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Milà-Alomà
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC),
Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
- IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research
Institute), Barcelona
| | - Marc Suárez-Calvet
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC),
Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
- IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research
Institute), Barcelona
- Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar,
Barcelona
| | - José Luís Molinuevo
- Scientific Director, Alzheimer’s Prevention
Program, Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center, Wellington 30, Barcelona,
08005, Spain
- IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research
Institute), Barcelona
- CIBER Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable,
Madrid, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
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85
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Chaudhuri P, Prajapati KP, Anand BG, Dubey K, Kar K. Amyloid cross-seeding raises new dimensions to understanding of amyloidogenesis mechanism. Ageing Res Rev 2019; 56:100937. [PMID: 31430565 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2019.100937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hallmarks of most of the amyloid pathologies are surprisingly found to be heterocomponent entities such as inclusions and plaques which contain diverse essential proteins and metabolites. Experimental studies have already revealed the occurrence of coaggregation and cross-seeding during amyloid formation of several proteins and peptides, yielding multicomponent assemblies of amyloid nature. Further, research reports on the co-occurrence of more than one type of amyloid-linked pathologies in the same individual suggest the possible cross-talk among the disease related amyloidogenic protein species during their amyloid growth. In this review paper, we have tried to gain more insight into the process of coaggregation and cross-seeding during amyloid aggregation of proteins, particularly focusing on their relevance to the pathogenesis of the protein misfolding diseases. Revelation of amyloid cross-seeding and coaggregation seems to open new dimensions in our mechanistic understanding of amyloidogenesis and such knowledge may possibly inspire better designing of anti-amyloid therapeutics.
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86
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Flanagan ME, Cholerton B, Latimer CS, Hemmy LS, Edland SD, Montine KS, White LR, Montine TJ. TDP-43 Neuropathologic Associations in the Nun Study and the Honolulu-Asia Aging Study. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 66:1549-1558. [PMID: 30452409 DOI: 10.3233/jad-180162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Transactive response binding protein-43 (TDP-43) cytoplasmic neuronal and glial aggregates (pathologic TDP-43) have been described in multiple brain diseases. We describe the associations between neuropathologically confirmed TDP-43 and cognition in two population-based cohorts: the Nun Study (NS) and the Honolulu-Asia Aging Study (HAAS). In the HAAS, there was a significant association between hippocampal sclerosis (HS) and TDP-43 (OR = 11.04, p < 0.0001, 95% CI 3.57-34.13). In the NS, there were significant associations between TDP-43 and HS (OR = 16.44, p > 0.001 95%, CI 7.10-38.00) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) severity (OR = 1.74, p = 0.009, 95% CI 1.15-2.64). When cognitive scores were added to the model, HS remained significant but the other variables were not. When HS was removed from the model, the overall model remained significant and the associations between cognitive performance and TDP-43 (OR = 2.11, p = 0.022, 95% CI 1.11-4.02) were significant. In the NS, there was a significant association between cognitive performance and TDP-43 (OR 1.94 p = 0.005, 95% CI 1.22-3.09) (HS remained significant, but AD did not). When HS was removed from the model, only CERAD was significant (OR = 2.43 p < 0.001, 95% CI 1.58-3.74). These results support a consistent association between pathologic TDP-43, HS, and the development of cognitive impairment in two large studies of brain aging, while the relationship between AD pathology and TDP-43 may vary according to cohort-specific features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret E Flanagan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | | | - Laura S Hemmy
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Steven D Edland
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Lon R White
- Pacific Health Research and Education Institute (PHREI), Honolulu, HI, USA.,Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, HI, USA
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87
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Saranza GM, Whitwell JL, Kovacs GG, Lang AE. Corticobasal degeneration. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2019; 149:87-136. [PMID: 31779825 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2019.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Corticobasal degeneration (CBD) is a rare neurodegenerative disease characterized by the predominance of pathological 4 repeat tau deposition in various cell types and anatomical regions. Corticobasal syndrome (CBS) is one of the clinical phenotypes associated with CBD pathology, manifesting as a progressive asymmetric akinetic-rigid, poorly levodopa-responsive parkinsonism, with cerebral cortical dysfunction. CBD can manifest as several clinical phenotypes, and similarly, CBS can also have a pathologic diagnosis other than CBD. This chapter discusses the clinical manifestations of pathologically confirmed CBD cases, the current diagnostic criteria, as well as the pathologic and neuroimaging findings of CBD/CBS. At present, therapeutic options for CBD remain symptomatic. Further research is needed to improve the clinical diagnosis of CBD, as well as studies on disease-modifying therapies for this relentlessly progressive neurodegenerative disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard M Saranza
- Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease and the Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Gabor G Kovacs
- Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease and the Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Disease and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anthony E Lang
- Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease and the Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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88
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Quadri Z, Johnson N, Zamudio F, Miller A, Peters M, Smeltzer S, Hunt JB, Housley SB, Brown B, Kraner S, Norris CM, Nash K, Weeber E, Lee DC, Selenica MLB. Overexpression of human wtTDP-43 causes impairment in hippocampal plasticity and behavioral deficits in CAMKII-tTa transgenic mouse model. Mol Cell Neurosci 2019; 102:103418. [PMID: 31705957 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2019.103418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The current study utilizes the adeno-associated viral gene transfer system in the CAMKIIα-tTA mouse model to overexpress human wild type TDP-43 (wtTDP-43) and α-synuclein (α-Syn) proteins. The co-existence of these proteins is evident in the pathology of neurodegenerative disorders such as frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD), Parkinson disease (PD), and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). METHODS The novel bicistronic recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) serotype 9 drives wtTDP-43 and α-Syn expression in the hippocampus via "TetO" CMV promoter. Behavior, electrophysiology, and biochemical and histological assays were used to validate neuropathology. RESULTS We report that overexpression of wtTDP-43 but not α-Syn contributes to hippocampal CA2-specific pyramidal neuronal loss and overall hippocampal atrophy. Further, we report a reduction of hippocampal long-term potentiation and decline in learning and memory performance of wtTDP-43 expressing mice. Elevated wtTDP-43 levels induced selective degeneration of Purkinje cell protein 4 (PCP-4) positive neurons while both wtTDP-43 and α-Syn expression reduced subsets of the glutamate receptor expression in the hippocampus. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our findings suggest the significant vulnerability of hippocampal neurons toward elevated wtTDP-43 levels possibly via PCP-4 and GluR-dependent calcium signaling pathways. Further, we report that wtTDP-43 expression induced selective CA2 subfield degeneration, contributing to the deterioration of the hippocampal-dependent cognitive phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainuddin Quadri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA; Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Nicholas Johnson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA; Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Frank Zamudio
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA; Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Abraian Miller
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA; Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Melinda Peters
- Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA; Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Shayna Smeltzer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA; Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jerry B Hunt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA; Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Steven B Housley
- Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA; Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Breanna Brown
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA; Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Susan Kraner
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Christopher M Norris
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Kevin Nash
- Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA; Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Edwin Weeber
- Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA; Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Daniel C Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA; Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Maj-Linda B Selenica
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA; Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
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89
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Gu J, Hu W, Tan X, Qu S, Chu D, Gong CX, Iqbal K, Liu F. Elevation of casein kinase 1ε associated with TDP-43 and tau pathologies in Alzheimer's disease. Brain Pathol 2019; 30:283-297. [PMID: 31376192 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the presence of extracellular amyloid β plaques and intraneuronal neurofibrillary tangles of hyperphosphorylated microtubule-associated protein tau in the brain. Aggregation of transactive response DNA-binding protein of 43 kDa (TDP-43) in the neuronal cytoplasm is another feature of AD. However, how TDP-43 is associated with AD pathogenesis is unknown. Here, we found that casein kinase 1ε (CK1ε) phosphorylated TDP-43 at Ser403/404 and Ser409/410. In AD brains, the level of CK1ε was dramatically increased and positively correlated with the phosphorylation of TDP-43 at Ser403/404 and Ser409/410. Overexpression of CK1ε promoted its cytoplasmic aggregation and suppressed TDP-43-promoted tau mRNA instability and tau exon 10 inclusion, leading to an increase of tau and 3R-tau expressions. Levels of CK1ε and TDP-43 phosphorylation were positively correlated with the levels of total tau and 3R-tau in human brains. Furthermore, we observed, in pilot immunohistochemical studies, that the severe tau pathology was accompanied by robust TDP-43 pathology and a high level of CK1ε. Taken together, our findings suggest that the elevation of CK1ε in AD brain may phosphorylate TDP-43, promote its cytoplasmic aggregation and suppress its function in tau mRNA processing, leading to acceleration/exacerbation of tau pathology. Thus, the elevation of CK1ε may link TDP-43 to tau pathogenesis in AD brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlan Gu
- Department of Neurochemistry, Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY.,Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education of China, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Wen Hu
- Department of Neurochemistry, Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY
| | - Xuefeng Tan
- Department of Neurochemistry, Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY.,Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education of China, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Shuting Qu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education of China, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Dandan Chu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education of China, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Cheng-Xin Gong
- Department of Neurochemistry, Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY
| | - Khalid Iqbal
- Department of Neurochemistry, Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Neurochemistry, Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY
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90
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Gao J, Wang L, Yan T, Perry G, Wang X. TDP-43 proteinopathy and mitochondrial abnormalities in neurodegeneration. Mol Cell Neurosci 2019; 100:103396. [PMID: 31445085 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2019.103396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic mutations in TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) cause amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Importantly, TDP-43 proteinopathy, characterized by aberrant phosphorylation, ubiquitination, cleavage or nuclear depletion of TDP-43 in neurons and glial cells, is a common prominent pathological feature of various major neurodegenerative diseases including ALS, FTD, and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although the pathomechanisms underlying TDP-43 proteinopathy remain elusive, pathologically relevant TDP-43 has been repeatedly shown to be present in either the inside or outside of mitochondria, and functionally involved in the regulation of mitochondrial morphology, trafficking, and function, suggesting mitochondria as likely targets of TDP-43 proteinopathy. In this review, we first describe the current knowledge of the association of TDP-43 with mitochondria. We then review in detail multiple mitochondrial pathways perturbed by pathological TDP-43, including mitochondrial fission and fusion dynamics, mitochondrial trafficking, bioenergetics, and mitochondrial quality control. Lastly, we briefly discuss how the study of TDP-43 proteinopathy and mitochondrial abnormalities may provide new avenues for neurodegeneration therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Gao
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Luwen Wang
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Tingxiang Yan
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - George Perry
- College of Sciences, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Xinglong Wang
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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91
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Munoz E, Filshtein T, Bettcher BM, McLaren D, Hedden T, Tommet D, Mungas D, Therneau T. Cognitive function and neuropathological outcomes: a forward-looking approach. J Neurol 2019; 266:2920-2928. [PMID: 31435771 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-019-09516-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the risk of Alzheimer's disease-related neuropathology burden at autopsy given older adults' current cognitive state. METHOD Participants included 1,303 individuals who enrolled in the Religious Orders Study (ROS) and 1,789 who enrolled in the Rush Memory and Aging Project (MAP). Cognitive status was evaluated via standardized assessments of global cognition and episodic memory. At the time of analyses, about 50% of participants were deceased with the remaining numbers right censored. Using multi-state Cox proportional hazard models, we compared the cognitive status of all subjects alive at a given age and estimated future risk of dying with different AD-related neuropathologies. Endpoints considered were Braak Stages (0-2, 3-4, 5-6), CERAD (0, 1, 2, 3), and TDP-43 (0, 1, 2, 3) level. RESULTS For all three pathological groupings (Braak, CERAD, TDP-43), we found that a cognitive test score one standard deviation below average put individuals at up to three times the risk for being diagnosed with late stage AD at autopsy according to pathological designations. The effect remained significant after adjusting for sex, APOE-e4 status, smoking status, education level, and vascular health scores. CONCLUSION Applying multi-state modeling techniques, we were able to identify those at risk of exhibiting specific levels of neuropathology based on current cognitive test performance. This approach presents new and approachable possibilities in clinical settings for diagnosis and treatment development programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Munoz
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.
- University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA.
| | - Teresa Filshtein
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Brianne M Bettcher
- Rocky Mountain Alzheimer's Disease Center, Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | - Trey Hedden
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine At Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Doug Tommet
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, USA
| | - Dan Mungas
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Terry Therneau
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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92
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Gu J, Chu D, Jin N, Chen F, Liu F. Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Phosphorylates TDP-43 and Modulates Its Function in Tau mRNA Processing. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 70:1093-1102. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-190368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianlan Gu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Neurochemistry, Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY, USA
| | - Dandan Chu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Nana Jin
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Neurochemistry, Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY, USA
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Neurochemistry, Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY, USA
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93
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DeTure MA, Dickson DW. The neuropathological diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. Mol Neurodegener 2019; 14:32. [PMID: 31375134 PMCID: PMC6679484 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-019-0333-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1413] [Impact Index Per Article: 282.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disease most often associated with memory deficits and cognitive decline, although less common clinical presentations are increasingly recognized. The cardinal pathological features of the disease have been known for more than one hundred years, and today the presence of these amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles are still required for a pathological diagnosis. Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause of dementia globally. There remain no effective treatment options for the great majority of patients, and the primary causes of the disease are unknown except in a small number of familial cases driven by genetic mutations. Confounding efforts to develop effective diagnostic tools and disease-modifying therapies is the realization that Alzheimer's disease is a mixed proteinopathy (amyloid and tau) frequently associated with other age-related processes such as cerebrovascular disease and Lewy body disease. Defining the relationships between and interdependence of various co-pathologies remains an active area of investigation. This review outlines etiologically-linked pathologic features of Alzheimer's disease, as well as those that are inevitable findings of uncertain significance, such as granulovacuolar degeneration and Hirano bodies. Other disease processes that are frequent, but not inevitable, are also discussed, including pathologic processes that can clinically mimic Alzheimer's disease. These include cerebrovascular disease, Lewy body disease, TDP-43 proteinopathies and argyrophilic grain disease. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of Alzheimer's disease pathology, its defining pathologic substrates and the related pathologies that can affect diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A DeTure
- Department of Neuroscience, The Mayo Clinic Florida, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Dennis W Dickson
- Department of Neuroscience, The Mayo Clinic Florida, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA.
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94
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Coudert L, Nonaka T, Bernard E, Hasegawa M, Schaeffer L, Leblanc P. Phosphorylated and aggregated TDP-43 with seeding properties are induced upon mutant Huntingtin (mHtt) polyglutamine expression in human cellular models. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:2615-2632. [PMID: 30863908 PMCID: PMC11105362 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03059-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The Tar DNA-Binding Protein 43 (TDP-43) and its phosphorylated isoform (pTDP-43) are the major components associated with ubiquitin positive/Tau-negative inclusions found in neurons and glial cells of patients suffering of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) or frontotemporal lobar degeneration-TDP-43 (FTLD-TDP). Many studies have revealed that TDP-43 is also in the protein inclusions associated with neurodegenerative conditions other than ALS and FTLD-TDP, thus suggesting that this protein may be involved in the pathogenesis of a variety of neurological disorders. In brains of Huntington-affected patients, pTDP-43 aggregates were shown to co-localize with mutant Huntingtin (mHtt) inclusions. Here, we show that expression of mHtt carrying 80-97 polyglutamines repeats in human cell cultures induces the aggregation and the phosphorylation of endogenous TDP-43, whereas non-pathological Htt with 25 polyglutamines repeats has no effect. Mutant Htt aggregation precedes accumulation of pTDP-43 and pTDP-43 co-localizes with mHtt inclusions reminding what it was previously described in brains of Huntington-affected patients. Detergent-insoluble fractions from cells expressing mHtt and containing mHtt-pTDP-43 co-aggregates can function as seeds for further TDP-43 aggregation in human cell culture. The human cellular prion protein PrPC was previously identified as a negative modulator of mHtt aggregation; here, we show that PrPC-mediated reduction of mHtt aggregation is tightly correlated with a decrease of TDP-43 aggregation and phosphorylation, thus confirming the close relationships between TDP-43 and mHtt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Coudert
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, CNRS UMR5310, INSERM U1217, Faculté de Médecine Rockefeller, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, 8 Avenue Rockefeller, 69373, Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - Takashi Nonaka
- Dementia Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan
| | - Emilien Bernard
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre-Wertheimer, Service de Neurologie C et Centre SLA de Lyon, Bron, France
- Université de Lyon, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Sud Charles Mérieux, Lyon, France
| | - Masato Hasegawa
- Dementia Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan
| | - Laurent Schaeffer
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, CNRS UMR5310, INSERM U1217, Faculté de Médecine Rockefeller, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, 8 Avenue Rockefeller, 69373, Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - Pascal Leblanc
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, CNRS UMR5310, INSERM U1217, Faculté de Médecine Rockefeller, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, 8 Avenue Rockefeller, 69373, Lyon Cedex 08, France.
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95
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Taylor LM, McMillan PJ, Kraemer BC, Liachko NF. Tau tubulin kinases in proteinopathy. FEBS J 2019; 286:2434-2446. [PMID: 31034749 PMCID: PMC6936727 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A number of neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by deposition of abnormally phosphorylated tau or TDP-43 in disease-affected neurons. These diseases include Alzheimer's disease, frontotemporal lobar degeneration, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. No disease-modifying therapeutics is available to treat these disorders, and we have a limited understanding of the cellular and molecular factors integral to disease initiation or progression. Phosphorylated tau and TDP-43 are important markers of pathology in dementia disorders and directly contribute to tau- and TDP-43-related neurotoxicity and neurodegeneration. Here, we review the scope of tau and TDP-43 phosphorylation in neurodegenerative disease and discuss recent work demonstrating the kinases TTBK1 and TTBK2 phosphorylate both tau and TDP-43, promoting neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Taylor
- Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Pamela J McMillan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Brian C Kraemer
- Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nicole F Liachko
- Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA
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96
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Rösler TW, Tayaranian Marvian A, Brendel M, Nykänen NP, Höllerhage M, Schwarz SC, Hopfner F, Koeglsperger T, Respondek G, Schweyer K, Levin J, Villemagne VL, Barthel H, Sabri O, Müller U, Meissner WG, Kovacs GG, Höglinger GU. Four-repeat tauopathies. Prog Neurobiol 2019; 180:101644. [PMID: 31238088 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2019.101644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Tau is a microtubule-associated protein with versatile functions in the dynamic assembly of the neuronal cytoskeleton. Four-repeat (4R-) tauopathies are a group of neurodegenerative diseases defined by cytoplasmic inclusions predominantly composed of tau protein isoforms with four microtubule-binding domains. Progressive supranuclear palsy, corticobasal degeneration, argyrophilic grain disease or glial globular tauopathy belong to the group of 4R-tauopathies. The present review provides an introduction in the current concept of 4R-tauopathies, including an overview of the neuropathological and clinical spectrum of these diseases. It describes the genetic and environmental etiological factors, as well as the contemporary knowledge about the pathophysiological mechanisms, including post-translational modifications, aggregation and fragmentation of tau, as well as the role of protein degradation mechanisms. Furthermore, current theories about disease propagation are discussed, involving different extracellular tau species and their cellular release and uptake mechanisms. Finally, molecular diagnostic tools for 4R-tauopathies, including tau-PET and fluid biomarkers, and investigational therapeutic strategies are presented. In summary, we report on 4R-tauopathies as overarching disease concept based on a shared pathophysiological concept, and highlight the challenges and opportunities on the way towards a causal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas W Rösler
- Dept. of Translational Neurodegeneration, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 81377 Munich, Germany; Dept. of Neurology, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Amir Tayaranian Marvian
- Dept. of Translational Neurodegeneration, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 81377 Munich, Germany; Dept. of Neurology, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Brendel
- Dept. of Nuclear Medicine, University of Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Niko-Petteri Nykänen
- Dept. of Translational Neurodegeneration, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Höllerhage
- Dept. of Translational Neurodegeneration, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 81377 Munich, Germany; Dept. of Neurology, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Sigrid C Schwarz
- Dept. of Translational Neurodegeneration, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Koeglsperger
- Dept. of Neurology, University of Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Gesine Respondek
- Dept. of Translational Neurodegeneration, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 81377 Munich, Germany; Dept. of Neurology, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Kerstin Schweyer
- Dept. of Translational Neurodegeneration, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 81377 Munich, Germany; Dept. of Neurology, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Johannes Levin
- Dept. of Neurology, University of Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Victor L Villemagne
- Dept. of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, 3084, Australia; The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Dept. of Medicine, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Henryk Barthel
- Dept. of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Osama Sabri
- Dept. of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ulrich Müller
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Wassilios G Meissner
- Service de Neurologie, CHU Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 33000 Bordeaux, France; Dept. of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand; New Zealand Brain Research Institute, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Gabor G Kovacs
- Institute of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Dept. of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada; Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, Krembil Brain Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Günter U Höglinger
- Dept. of Translational Neurodegeneration, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 81377 Munich, Germany; Dept. of Neurology, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, 81675 Munich, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377 Munich, Germany; Dept. of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
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97
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Nelson PT, Dickson DW, Trojanowski JQ, Jack CR, Boyle PA, Arfanakis K, Rademakers R, Alafuzoff I, Attems J, Brayne C, Coyle-Gilchrist ITS, Chui HC, Fardo DW, Flanagan ME, Halliday G, Hokkanen SRK, Hunter S, Jicha GA, Katsumata Y, Kawas CH, Keene CD, Kovacs GG, Kukull WA, Levey AI, Makkinejad N, Montine TJ, Murayama S, Murray ME, Nag S, Rissman RA, Seeley WW, Sperling RA, White III CL, Yu L, Schneider JA. Limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy (LATE): consensus working group report. Brain 2019; 142:1503-1527. [PMID: 31039256 PMCID: PMC6536849 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awz099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 824] [Impact Index Per Article: 164.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe a recently recognized disease entity, limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy (LATE). LATE neuropathological change (LATE-NC) is defined by a stereotypical TDP-43 proteinopathy in older adults, with or without coexisting hippocampal sclerosis pathology. LATE-NC is a common TDP-43 proteinopathy, associated with an amnestic dementia syndrome that mimicked Alzheimer's-type dementia in retrospective autopsy studies. LATE is distinguished from frontotemporal lobar degeneration with TDP-43 pathology based on its epidemiology (LATE generally affects older subjects), and relatively restricted neuroanatomical distribution of TDP-43 proteinopathy. In community-based autopsy cohorts, ∼25% of brains had sufficient burden of LATE-NC to be associated with discernible cognitive impairment. Many subjects with LATE-NC have comorbid brain pathologies, often including amyloid-β plaques and tauopathy. Given that the 'oldest-old' are at greatest risk for LATE-NC, and subjects of advanced age constitute a rapidly growing demographic group in many countries, LATE has an expanding but under-recognized impact on public health. For these reasons, a working group was convened to develop diagnostic criteria for LATE, aiming both to stimulate research and to promote awareness of this pathway to dementia. We report consensus-based recommendations including guidelines for diagnosis and staging of LATE-NC. For routine autopsy workup of LATE-NC, an anatomically-based preliminary staging scheme is proposed with TDP-43 immunohistochemistry on tissue from three brain areas, reflecting a hierarchical pattern of brain involvement: amygdala, hippocampus, and middle frontal gyrus. LATE-NC appears to affect the medial temporal lobe structures preferentially, but other areas also are impacted. Neuroimaging studies demonstrated that subjects with LATE-NC also had atrophy in the medial temporal lobes, frontal cortex, and other brain regions. Genetic studies have thus far indicated five genes with risk alleles for LATE-NC: GRN, TMEM106B, ABCC9, KCNMB2, and APOE. The discovery of these genetic risk variants indicate that LATE shares pathogenetic mechanisms with both frontotemporal lobar degeneration and Alzheimer's disease, but also suggests disease-specific underlying mechanisms. Large gaps remain in our understanding of LATE. For advances in prevention, diagnosis, and treatment, there is an urgent need for research focused on LATE, including in vitro and animal models. An obstacle to clinical progress is lack of diagnostic tools, such as biofluid or neuroimaging biomarkers, for ante-mortem detection of LATE. Development of a disease biomarker would augment observational studies seeking to further define the risk factors, natural history, and clinical features of LATE, as well as eventual subject recruitment for targeted therapies in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Konstantinos Arfanakis
- Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Helena C Chui
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Glenda Halliday
- The University of Sydney Brain and Mind Centre and Central Clinical School Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Gabor G Kovacs
- Institute of Neurology Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | - Shigeo Murayama
- Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Sukriti Nag
- Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Lei Yu
- Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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98
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Makkinejad N, Schneider JA, Yu J, Leurgans SE, Kotrotsou A, Evia AM, Bennett DA, Arfanakis K. Associations of amygdala volume and shape with transactive response DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) pathology in a community cohort of older adults. Neurobiol Aging 2019; 77:104-111. [PMID: 30784812 PMCID: PMC6486844 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2019.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Transactive response DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) pathology is common in old age and is strongly associated with cognitive decline and dementia above and beyond contributions from other neuropathologies. TDP-43 pathology in aging typically originates in the amygdala, a brain region also affected by other age-related neuropathologies such as Alzheimer's pathology. The purpose of this study was two-fold: to determine the independent effects of TDP-43 pathology on the volume, as well as shape, of the amygdala in a community cohort of older adults, and to determine the contribution of amygdala volume to the variance of the rate of cognitive decline after accounting for the contributions of neuropathologies and demographics. Cerebral hemispheres from 198 participants of the Rush Memory and Aging Project and the Religious Orders Study were imaged with MRI ex vivo and underwent neuropathologic examination. Measures of amygdala volume and shape were extracted for all participants. Regression models controlling for neuropathologies and demographics showed an independent negative association of TDP-43 with the volume of the amygdala. Shape analysis revealed a unique pattern of amygdala deformation associated with TDP-43 pathology. Finally, mixed-effects models showed that amygdala volume explained an additional portion of the variance of the rate of decline in global cognition, episodic memory, semantic memory, and perceptual speed, above and beyond what was explained by demographics and neuropathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazanin Makkinejad
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Julie A Schneider
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Pathology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Junxiao Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sue E Leurgans
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Aikaterini Kotrotsou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Arnold M Evia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Konstantinos Arfanakis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA; Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
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99
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French RL, Grese ZR, Aligireddy H, Dhavale DD, Reeb AN, Kedia N, Kotzbauer PT, Bieschke J, Ayala YM. Detection of TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) oligomers as initial intermediate species during aggregate formation. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:6696-6709. [PMID: 30824544 PMCID: PMC6497947 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.005889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aggregates of the RNA-binding protein TDP-43 (TAR DNA-binding protein) are a hallmark of the overlapping neurodegenerative disorders amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia. The process of TDP-43 aggregation remains poorly understood, and whether it includes formation of intermediate complexes is unknown. Here, we analyzed aggregates derived from purified TDP-43 under semidenaturing conditions, identifying distinct oligomeric complexes at the initial time points before the formation of large aggregates. We found that this early oligomerization stage is primarily driven by TDP-43's RNA-binding region. Specific binding to GU-rich RNA strongly inhibited both TDP-43 oligomerization and aggregation, suggesting that RNA interactions are critical for maintaining TDP-43 solubility. Moreover, we analyzed TDP-43 liquid-liquid phase separation and detected similar detergent-resistant oligomers upon maturation of liquid droplets into solid-like fibrils. These results strongly suggest that the oligomers form during the early steps of TDP-43 misfolding. Importantly, the ALS-linked TDP-43 mutations A315T and M337V significantly accelerate aggregation, rapidly decreasing the monomeric population and shortening the oligomeric phase. We also show that aggregates generated from purified TDP-43 seed intracellular aggregation detected by established TDP-43 pathology markers. Remarkably, cytoplasmic aggregate seeding was detected earlier for the A315T and M337V variants and was 50% more widespread than for WT TDP-43 aggregates. We provide evidence for an initial step of TDP-43 self-assembly into intermediate oligomeric complexes, whereby these complexes may provide a scaffold for aggregation. This process is altered by ALS-linked mutations, underscoring the role of perturbations in TDP-43 homeostasis in protein aggregation and ALS-FTD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L French
- From the Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri 63103
| | - Zachary R Grese
- From the Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri 63103
| | - Himani Aligireddy
- From the Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri 63103
| | - Dhruva D Dhavale
- the Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, and
| | - Ashley N Reeb
- From the Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri 63103
| | - Niraja Kedia
- the MRC Prion Unit, University College London, London W1W 7FF, United Kingdom
| | - Paul T Kotzbauer
- the Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, and
| | - Jan Bieschke
- the MRC Prion Unit, University College London, London W1W 7FF, United Kingdom
| | - Yuna M Ayala
- From the Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri 63103,
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100
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Hatsuta H, Takao M, Nogami A, Uchino A, Sumikura H, Takata T, Morimoto S, Kanemaru K, Adachi T, Arai T, Hasegawa M, Murayama S. Tau and TDP-43 accumulation of the basal nucleus of Meynert in individuals with cerebral lobar infarcts or hemorrhage. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2019; 7:49. [PMID: 30922392 PMCID: PMC6437979 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-019-0700-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A previous study reported that a massive cerebral infarct in the territory of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) may be associated with development of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) in the ipsilateral basal nucleus of Meynert (BNM). We analyzed 19 cases of an MCA territory infarct and 12 with a putaminal hemorrhage (mean age 82.5 years; female/male ratio 8/23; mean time from stroke onset to autopsy 4182 days). In both groups, 74–100% had a significantly higher rate of phosphorylated tau immunoreactive or Gallyas Braak silver stain-positive neurons on the BNM-affected side than on the BNM-unaffected side. These NFTs were immunoreactive for anti-RD3 and anti-RD4 antibodies, and a triple-band pattern was observed by immunoblot analysis with anti-tau antibody. Most NFTs might be formed within the 5–10 years after stroke onset. There were significantly more TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP43) immunoreactive structures on the BNM-affected side than on the BNM-unaffected side. We showed that many NFTs with TDP43-immunoreactive structures were observed in the ipsilateral BNM associated with a massive cerebral infarct in the MCA territory or a putaminal hemorrhage.
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