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He X, Fan X, Bai B, Lu N, Zhang S, Zhang L. Pyroptosis is a critical immune-inflammatory response involved in atherosclerosis. Pharmacol Res 2021; 165:105447. [PMID: 33516832 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pyroptosis is a form of programmed cell death activated by various stimuli and is characterized by inflammasome assembly, membrane pore formation, and the secretion of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and IL-18). Atherosclerosis-related risk factors, including oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) and cholesterol crystals, have been shown to promote pyroptosis through several mechanisms that involve ion flux, ROS, endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, lysosomal rupture, Golgi function, autophagy, noncoding RNAs, post-translational modifications, and the expression of related molecules. Pyroptosis of endothelial cells, macrophages, and smooth muscle cells in the vascular wall can induce plaque instability and accelerate atherosclerosis progression. In this review, we focus on the pathogenesis, influence, and therapy of pyroptosis in atherosclerosis and provide novel ideas for suppressing pyroptosis and the progression of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao He
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 You Zheng Street, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China.
| | - Xuehui Fan
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 You Zheng Street, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China.
| | - Bing Bai
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 You Zheng Street, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China.
| | - Nanjuan Lu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 You Zheng Street, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China.
| | - Shuang Zhang
- General Surgery, Harbin Changzheng Hospital, 363 Xuan Hua Street, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China.
| | - Liming Zhang
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 You Zheng Street, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China.
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An observational study on the effect of hypercholesterolemia developed after living donor liver transplantation on cardiac event and graft failure. Sci Rep 2021; 11:959. [PMID: 33441656 PMCID: PMC7806822 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79673-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
This study sought to evaluate the association between newly-developed significant hypercholesterolemia within one year following living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) and long term outcomes in light of cardiovascular events and graft failure. From October 2003 to July 2017, 877 LDLT recipients were stratified according to development of significant hypercholesterolemia within one year following LDLT. The primary outcome was occurrence of a major adverse cardiac event (MACE), defined as a composite of cardiac death, myocardial infarction, and coronary revascularization after LDLT. The incidence of graft failure, defined as all-cause death or retransplantation, was also compared. A total of 113 (12.9%) recipients developed significant hypercholesterolemia within one year. The differences in incidences of cardiac related events and graft related events began emerging significantly higher in the hypercholesterolemia group after 24 months and 60 months since the LDLT, respectively. After adjustment using the inverse probability of weighting, the hazard ratio (HR) for MACE was 2.77 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.16–6.61; p = 0.02), while that for graft failure was 3.76 (95% CI 1.97–7.17, p < 0.001). A significant hypercholesterolemia after LDLT may be associated with cardiac and graft-related outcome; therefore, a further study and close monitoring of cholesterol level after LDLT is needed.
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Batisti J, Mehal WZ. Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in the Post Liver Transplant Patient. CURRENT TRANSPLANTATION REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40472-020-00303-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Cytomegalovirus disease in de novo kidney-transplant recipients: comparison of everolimus-based immunosuppression without prophylaxis with mycophenolic acid-based immunosuppression with prophylaxis. Int Urol Nephrol 2020; 53:591-600. [PMID: 33058036 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-020-02676-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare everolimus (EVR) plus low-dose tacrolimus (TAC) with mycophenolic acid (MPA) plus standard-dose TAC with regards to rates of cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease in de novo kidney-transplant recipients (KTRs). METHODS This single-center retrospective study included 187 de novo KTRs; 59 patients (31.6%) received EVR/low-dose TAC (group 1); 128 patients (68.4%) received MPA with standard-dose TAC (group 2). All received anti-thymocyte globulins as the induction therapy, and steroid-sparing strategy. Valganciclovir prophylaxis was mandatory for CMV D+/R- KTRs (seronegative recipients of a seropositive donor) in both groups and for R+ seropositive recipients (only in group 2). RESULTS The 2-year incidence of CMV disease was low and comparable between groups: 6.8% and 7.0% in groups 1 and 2, respectively (p = 0.94). There was no statistical difference in CMV serostatus (p = 1). However, CMV disease tended to be less frequent, though not statistically different, in R+ KTRs receiving EVR without prophylaxis (3.7% vs. 8.5% in groups 1 and 2, respectively) and in patients without EVR discontinuation (2.6% vs. 6.9% in patients who did not discontinue MPA (p = 0.29). Two-year graft function was good and comparable between groups (median eGFR of 54.2 and 53.0 mL/min in groups 1 and 2, respectively; p = 0.47); incidence of immunological events was low. Significantly more patients in group 1 discontinued EVR because of adverse events than patients that discontinued MPA in group 2 (35.6% in group 1 vs. 10.2% in group 2; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Everolimus plus low-dose TAC given to de novo KTRs was associated with low rates of CMV disease, especially in R+ patients with no CMV prophylaxis.
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Wei Z, Bing Z, Shaohuan Q, Yanran W, Shuo S, Bi T, Feiyu Z, Heng Z, Qin G, Pinfang K. Expression of miRNAs in plasma exosomes derived from patients with atrial fibrillation. Clin Cardiol 2020; 43:1450-1459. [PMID: 32940379 PMCID: PMC7724226 DOI: 10.1002/clc.23461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have revealed the association between exosomes and cardiovascular diseases. However, the typical changes of plasma miRNAs in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) are still controversial, the use of exosomal miRNAs to diagnose and predict the prognosis of AF has not been described. HYPOTHESIS We hypothesized that there were differences in the exosomal miRNAs between AF and normal sinus rhythm (SR) patients, which might be used as the novel biomarkers to reflect the progression of AF. METHODS miRNAs were isolated from the plasma of patients, and the target genes of differential miRNAs via enrichment analysis to discover potential pathogenesis related to AF. Combined with high-throughput sequencing results, real-time PCR was used to verify the relative expression of target miRNAs in patients. RESULTS This study confirmed that the expression of plasma-derived exosomal miRNAs between patients with AF and SR were different. Target gene enrichment analysis suggested that the target genes of 20 miRNAs, which were significantly upregulated were mainly enriched in biological processes such as gene expression process, inflammation response, enzyme modification, etc. Meanwhile, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and other pathways were highly enriched. The expressions of miR-92b-3p, miR-1306-5p, and miR-let-7b-3p had differences between patients with AF and SR. CONCLUSION These miRNAs and target genes were involved in the process of AF through affecting biological processes such as energy metabolism, lipid metabolism, inflammation, and enzyme activity. It suggested that the exosomal miRNAs might be used as the novel biomarkers to reflect the progression of AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Wei
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Zhang Bing
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Qian Shaohuan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Wang Yanran
- School of Clinical Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Sun Shuo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Tang Bi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Zhu Feiyu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China.,Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, PR China, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Zhang Heng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Gao Qin
- Department of Physiology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China.,Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, PR China, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Kang Pinfang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China.,Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, PR China, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
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Nikpayam O, Faghfouri AH, Tavakoli-Rouzbehani OM, Jalali SM, Najafi M, Sohrab G. The effect of green coffee extract supplementation on lipid profile: A systematic review of clinical trial and in-vivo studies. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2020; 14:1521-1528. [PMID: 32799074 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.07.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Dyslipidemia is an important and common risk factor for cardiovascular disease and increases the risk of mortality. Green coffee extract (GCE) contains bioactive polyphenols, especially Chlorogenic acid (CGA), that due to the antioxidant characteristic, have a desirable effect on metabolic factors. This review conducted to focus on the effect of GCE on lipid profiles. METHODS PubMed, Scopus, and web of science were searched until November 2019. All clinical studies and in-vivo studies that provide sufficient information about outcomes include to this review. RESULTS Out of 3270 studies obtained in our searching, only 32 articles were eligible for analysis. Five double-blind, randomized clinical trial studies, two Cross-over studies, one Quasi-experimental study, and twenty animal studies were included in this systematic review-all articles evaluated according to the checklist of aim and inclusion and exclusion criteria. Generally, the results of the included studies showed there is controversy about the effect of GCE and CGA on lipid profile improvement. CONCLUSIONS Although, a higher dosage of GCE and administration of CGA with longer duration leads to better results. However, investigating the effectiveness and safety dosage as a lipid-lowering agent needs further studies with differential dosage and periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Nikpayam
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Faghfouri
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Omid Mohammad Tavakoli-Rouzbehani
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Seyyed-Mostafa Jalali
- Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Department, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marziyeh Najafi
- Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Department, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Golbon Sohrab
- Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Department, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Gilad O, Rabinowich L, Levy S, Gotlieb N, Lubezky N, Goykhman Y, Nachmany I, Katz P, Shibolet O, Katchman H. Metabolic and Renal Effects of Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Inhibitors Treatment After Liver Transplantation: Real-Life Single-Center Experience. Transplant Proc 2020; 53:221-227. [PMID: 32650991 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2020.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors following liver transplantation (LT) are used to minimize calcineurin inhibitor (CNI)-related nephrotoxicity. Data about metabolic effects of mTOR inhibitors are still limited. AIM This study aims to determine the renal and metabolic effects of different mTOR inhibitor-based protocols in real-life LT patients. METHODS This is a retrospective cohort study of patients treated with mTOR inhibitors after LT. Demographics, treatment protocols, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and metabolic parameters were collected over a period of 4 years. Initiation of blood pressure (BP), diabetes mellitus, and lipid medications was also noted. RESULTS Fifty-two LT recipients received mTOR inhibitors. GFR improved significantly (by 1.96 mL/min/year), with greater improvement in patients with baseline renal dysfunction (+13.3 mL/min vs +4.5 mL/min at 3 years). Conversion to an mTOR inhibitor during the first post-transplant year resulted in a more durable improvement in GFR (for 4 years vs only 1 year for later conversion).No significant weight gain or new-onset diabetes mellitus was observed. However, there was some increase in total cholesterol (+7 mg/dL) and blood pressure (+2 mm Hg during the third year and +8 mm Hg in the fourth years), followed by initiation of lipid-lowering and BP medications in 25% and 13% of patients, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Treatment with an mTOR inhibitor following LT resulted in improved kidney functions without significant negative metabolic effects such as weight gain or new-onset diabetes mellitus. This makes mTOR inhibitors a valuable immunosuppressive option in the face of the growing incidence of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis as a leading cause for LT.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Gilad
- Liver Unit, Department of Gastroenterology, Tel Aviv Medical Center and the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - L Rabinowich
- Liver Unit, Department of Gastroenterology, Tel Aviv Medical Center and the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - S Levy
- Liver Unit, Department of Gastroenterology, Tel Aviv Medical Center and the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - N Gotlieb
- Liver Unit, Department of Gastroenterology, Tel Aviv Medical Center and the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - N Lubezky
- Devision of Surgery, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Y Goykhman
- Devision of Surgery, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - I Nachmany
- Devision of Surgery, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - P Katz
- Devision of Surgery, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - O Shibolet
- Liver Unit, Department of Gastroenterology, Tel Aviv Medical Center and the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - H Katchman
- Liver Unit, Department of Gastroenterology, Tel Aviv Medical Center and the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Hughes WE, Beyer AM, Gutterman DD. Vascular autophagy in health and disease. Basic Res Cardiol 2020; 115:41. [PMID: 32506214 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-020-0802-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Homeostasis is maintained within organisms through the physiological recycling process of autophagy, a catabolic process that is intricately involved in the mobilization of nutrients during starvation, recycling of cellular cargo, as well as initiation of cellular death pathways. Specific to the cardiovascular system, autophagy responds to both chemical (e.g. free radicals) and mechanical stressors (e.g. shear stress). It is imperative to note that autophagy is not a static process, and measurement of autophagic flux provides a more comprehensive investigation into the role of autophagy. The overarching themes emerging from decades of autophagy research are that basal levels of autophagic flux are critical, physiological stressors may increase or decrease autophagic flux, and more importantly, aberrant deviations from basal autophagy may elicit detrimental effects. Autophagy has predominantly been examined within cardiac or vascular smooth muscle tissue within the context of disease development and progression. Autophagic flux within the endothelium holds an important role in maintaining vascular function, demonstrated by the necessary role for intact autophagic flux for shear-induced release of nitric oxide however the underlying mechanisms have yet to be elucidated. Within this review, we theorize that autophagy itself does not solely control vascular homeostasis, rather, it works in concert with mitochondria, telomerase, and lipids to maintain physiological function. The primary emphasis of this review is on the role of autophagy within the human vasculature, and the integrative effects with physiological processes and diseases as they relate to the vascular structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- William E Hughes
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 West Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53213, USA.
| | - Andreas M Beyer
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 West Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53213, USA
| | - David D Gutterman
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 West Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53213, USA
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Pala R, Anju VT, Dyavaiah M, Busi S, Nauli SM. Nanoparticle-Mediated Drug Delivery for the Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:3741-3769. [PMID: 32547026 PMCID: PMC7266400 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s250872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are one of the foremost causes of high morbidity and mortality globally. Preventive, diagnostic, and treatment measures available for CVDs are not very useful, which demands promising alternative methods. Nanoscience and nanotechnology open a new window in the area of CVDs with an opportunity to achieve effective treatment, better prognosis, and less adverse effects on non-target tissues. The application of nanoparticles and nanocarriers in the area of cardiology has gathered much attention due to the properties such as passive and active targeting to the cardiac tissues, improved target specificity, and sensitivity. It has reported that more than 50% of CVDs can be treated effectively through the use of nanotechnology. The main goal of this review is to explore the recent advancements in nanoparticle-based cardiovascular drug carriers. This review also summarizes the difficulties associated with the conventional treatment modalities in comparison to the nanomedicine for CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajasekharreddy Pala
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, Chapman University, Irvine, CA92618, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA92868, USA
| | - V T Anju
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | - Madhu Dyavaiah
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | - Siddhardha Busi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | - Surya M Nauli
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, Chapman University, Irvine, CA92618, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA92868, USA
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Yang Y, Wang J, Guo S, Pourteymour S, Xu Q, Gong J, Huang Z, Shen Z, Diabakte K, Cao Z, Wu G, Natalia S, Tian Z, Jin H, Tian Y. Non-lethal sonodynamic therapy facilitates the M1-to-M2 transition in advanced atherosclerotic plaques via activating the ROS-AMPK-mTORC1-autophagy pathway. Redox Biol 2020; 32:101501. [PMID: 32179242 PMCID: PMC7078437 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that macrophage functional polarization is critically involved in the development of atherosclerosis (AS). Here, we examined the role of 5-aminolaevulinic acid (ALA)-mediated non-lethal sonodynamic therapy (NL-SDT) in macrophage-subset polarization and atherosclerotic lesion stability and explored the potential underlying mechanisms. Using Western diet-fed apolipoprotein E (apoE)−/− and green fluorescent protein (GFP)-positive bone marrow (BM) chimeric mouse models, we demonstrated that NL-SDT promoted phenotypic switching of both BM-derived and resident macrophages from M1 to M2 and significantly inhibited AS progression. Further mechanistic studies indicated that NL-SDT enhanced macrophage differentiation toward the M2 phenotype by activating the reactive oxygen species (ROS)–5′ AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)–mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1)–autophagy signaling pathway in murine BM-derived M1 macrophages (BMDM1s). Moreover, NL-SDT drastically reduced lipid droplets, mainly by promoting apoAI-mediated cholesterol efflux in vitro. Specifically, administration of pharmacological inhibitors to the animal model showed a reciprocal effect on NL-SDT-induced macrophage polarization. These findings indicate that NL-SDT engages a virtuous cycle that enhances M1-to-M2 polarization, cholesterol efflux, and anti-inflammatory reactions in advanced plaque in vivo and in BMDM1s in vitro by activating the ROS–AMPK–mTORC1–autophagy pathway. This discovery might help elucidate the mechanism underlying NL-SDT as a potential treatment to prevent atherothrombotic events. NL-SDT enhances M1-to-M2 shift and significantly inhibits atherosclerosis progression in a mouse model. NL-SDT induces autophagy by activating the AMPK signaling pathway. M2-like macrophages promoted by NL-SDT facilitate cholesterol efflux and attenuate intracellular cholesterol deposition. The ROS–AMPK–mTORC1–autophagy pathway is critical for NL-SDT-mediated effects on M2 macrophage polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Cardiovascular Institute, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, PR China
| | - Jiayu Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology and Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research (Harbin Medical University), Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150086, PR China
| | - Shuyuan Guo
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Cardiovascular Institute, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, PR China
| | | | - Qiulian Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Cardiovascular Institute, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, PR China
| | - Jie Gong
- Department of Pathophysiology and Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research (Harbin Medical University), Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150086, PR China
| | - Zhen Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Cardiovascular Institute, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, PR China
| | - Zhaoqian Shen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Cardiovascular Institute, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, PR China
| | - Kamal Diabakte
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Cardiovascular Institute, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, PR China
| | - Zhengyu Cao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Cardiovascular Institute, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, PR China
| | - Guodong Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Cardiovascular Institute, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, PR China
| | - Sukhareva Natalia
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Cardiovascular Institute, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, PR China
| | - Zhen Tian
- Department of Pathophysiology and Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research (Harbin Medical University), Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150086, PR China
| | - Hong Jin
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ye Tian
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Cardiovascular Institute, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, PR China; Department of Pathophysiology and Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research (Harbin Medical University), Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150086, PR China.
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Ponticelli C, Arnaboldi L, Moroni G, Corsini A. Treatment of dyslipidemia in kidney transplantation. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2020; 19:257-267. [DOI: 10.1080/14740338.2020.1732921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Ponticelli
- Divisione di Nefrologia, Istituto Scientifico Ospedale Maggiore, Milano, Italy (retired)
| | - Lorenzo Arnaboldi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DISFeB), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Gabriella Moroni
- Nefrologia e Dialisi, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Alberto Corsini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DISFeB), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
- IRCCS Multimedica, Milano, Italy
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Sanches-Silva A, Testai L, Nabavi SF, Battino M, Pandima Devi K, Tejada S, Sureda A, Xu S, Yousefi B, Majidinia M, Russo GL, Efferth T, Nabavi SM, Farzaei MH. Therapeutic potential of polyphenols in cardiovascular diseases: Regulation of mTOR signaling pathway. Pharmacol Res 2020; 152:104626. [PMID: 31904507 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases comprise of non-communicable disorders that involve the heart and/or blood vessels and have become the leading cause of death worldwide with increased prevalence by age. mTOR is a serine/threonine-specific protein kinase which plays a central role in many physiological processes including cardiovascular diseases, and also integrates various proliferative signals, nutrient and energy abundance and stressful situations. mTOR also acts as central regulator during chronic stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and deregulated autophagy which are associated with senescence. Under oxidative stress, mTOR has been reported to exert protective effects regulating apoptosis and autophagy processes and favoring tissue repair. On the other hand, inhibition of mTOR has been suggested to have beneficial effects against atherosclerosis, cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure, and also in extending the lifespan. In this aspect, the use of drugs or natural compounds, which can target mTOR is an interesting approach in order to reduce the number of deaths caused by cardiovascular disease. In the present review, we intend to shed light on the possible effects and molecular mechanism of natural agents like polyphenols via regulating mTOR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Sanches-Silva
- National Institute for Agricultural and Veterinary Research (INIAV), Vairão, Vila do Conde, Portugal; Center for Study in Animal Science (CECA), ICETA, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Lara Testai
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, via Bonanno 6 - 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Seyed Fazel Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maurizio Battino
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy; Nutrition and Food Science Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, CITACA, CACTI, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain; International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Kasi Pandima Devi
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University (Science Campus), Karaikudi 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Silvia Tejada
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Biology, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa) and CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), University of Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, E-07122, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Antoni Sureda
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress (NUCOX), Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa) and CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), University of Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, E-07122, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Suowen Xu
- University of Rochester, Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Rochester, NY, 14623, USA
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Majidinia
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Gian Luigi Russo
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, 83100 Avellino, Italy
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Seyed Mohammad Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Hossein Farzaei
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Yeh HS, Yong J. mTOR-coordinated Post-Transcriptional Gene Regulations: from Fundamental to Pathogenic Insights. J Lipid Atheroscler 2019; 9:8-22. [PMID: 32821719 PMCID: PMC7379075 DOI: 10.12997/jla.2020.9.1.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-transcriptional regulations of mRNA transcripts such as alternative splicing and alternative polyadenylation can affect the expression of genes without changing the transcript levels. Recent studies have demonstrated that these post-transcriptional events can have significant physiological impacts on various biological systems and play important roles in the pathogenesis of a number of diseases, including cancers. Nevertheless, how cellular signaling pathways control these post-transcriptional processes in cells are not very well explored in the field yet. The mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) pathway plays a key role in sensing cellular nutrient and energy status and regulating the proliferation and growth of cells by controlling various anabolic and catabolic processes. Dysregulation of mTORC1 pathway can tip the metabolic balance of cells and is associated with a number of pathological conditions, including various types of cancers, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. Numerous reports have shown that mTORC1 controls its downstream pathways through translational and/or transcriptional regulation of the expression of key downstream effectors. And, recent studies have also shown that mTORC1 can control downstream pathways via post-transcriptional regulations. In this review, we will discuss the roles of post-transcriptional processes in gene expression regulations and how mTORC1-mediated post-transcriptional regulations contribute to cellular physiological changes. We highlight post-transcriptional regulation as an additional layer of gene expression control by mTORC1 to steer cellular biology. These emphasize the importance of studying post-transcriptional events in transcriptome datasets for gaining a fuller understanding of gene expression regulations in the biological systems of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Sung Yeh
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, College of Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jeongsik Yong
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, College of Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Abstract
Aging, as a physiological process mediated by numerous regulatory pathways and transcription factors, is manifested by continuous progressive functional decline and increasing risk of chronic diseases. There is an increasing interest to identify pharmacological agents for treatment and prevention of age-related disease in humans. Animal models play an important role in identification and testing of anti-aging compounds; this step is crucial before the drug will enter human clinical trial or will be introduced to human medicine. One of the main goals of animal studies is better understanding of mechanistic targets, therapeutic implications and side-effects of the drug, which may be later translated into humans. In this chapter, we summarized the effects of different drugs reported to extend the lifespan in model organisms from round worms to rodents. Resveratrol, rapamycin, metformin and aspirin, showing effectiveness in model organism life- and healthspan extension mainly target the master regulators of aging such as mTOR, FOXO and PGC1α, affecting autophagy, inflammation and oxidative stress. In humans, these drugs were demonstrated to reduce inflammation, prevent CVD, and slow down the functional decline in certain organs. Additionally, potential anti-aging pharmacologic agents inhibit cancerogenesis, interfering with certain aspects of cell metabolism, proliferation, angioneogenesis and apoptosis.
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65
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Paoletti E, Citterio F, Corsini A, Potena L, Rigotti P, Sandrini S, Bussalino E, Stallone G. Everolimus in kidney transplant recipients at high cardiovascular risk: a narrative review. J Nephrol 2019; 33:69-82. [DOI: 10.1007/s40620-019-00609-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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66
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Zhou H, Li L, Zhao H, Wang Y, Du J, Zhang P, Li C, Wang X, Liu Y, Xu Q, Zhang T, Song Y, Yu C, Li Y. A Large-Scale, Multi-Center Urine Biomarkers Identification of Coronary Heart Disease in TCM Syndrome Differentiation. J Proteome Res 2019; 18:1994-2003. [PMID: 30907085 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.8b00799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haonan Zhou
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Lin Li
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Huan Zhao
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Yuming Wang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Jun Du
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Pengjie Zhang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Chunjie Li
- Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Xianliang Wang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of TCM, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Yuechen Liu
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Qiang Xu
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of TCM, Tianjin 300150, China
| | - Tianpu Zhang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Yanqi Song
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Chunquan Yu
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Yubo Li
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
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67
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Chen J, Ye C, Hu X, Huang C, Yang Z, Li P, Wu A, Xue X, Lin D, Yang H. Serum metabolomics model and its metabolic characteristics in patients with different syndromes of dyslipidemia based on nuclear magnetic resonance. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 167:100-113. [PMID: 30763881 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Dyslipidemia is known as a common clinical disease that affects the health of millions of people around the world. The treatment of dyslipidemia with traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is generally based on the accurate identification of disease syndromes. TCM syndromes are judged by traditional four-diagnosis method, which is subjective and fuzzy. Additionally, the judgment of TCM syndromes highly depend on doctors' own clinical experience. In this present study, we used nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based serum metabolomics patterns to figure out the metabolic characteristics of different syndromes in patients with dyslipidemia. In total, we enrolled 60 patients with dyslipidemia (30 cases with Spleen and Kidney Yang Deficiency syndrome (SKYD) and 30 cases with Phlegm-Dampness Retention syndrome (PDR)) and 20 healthy controls. Based on NMR technique, the serum metabolomics patterns of patients with different syndromes and healthy controls were analyzed, in the hope of screening the different metabolites among different syndromes and the differential metabolic pathway, as well as exploring the changes of metabolic network among different syndromes of dyslipidemia. The results suggested that the serum metabolomics patterns based on NMR was used to identify serum metabolites in patients with dyslipidemia of SKYD and PDR as well as healthy controls. Besides, it was found that the metabolic patterns of these three groups can be distinguished well and the different metabolites between different syndromes can be screened. From the point of view of metabolites, the metabolic characteristics of the patients with PDR were mainly the accumulation of noxious metabolites, while the metabolic characteristics of the patients with SKYD were mainly the lack of metabolites with protective function. From the point of view of metabolic mode, there were different metabolic patterns in patients with different syndromes of dyslipidemia in liver metabolism, oxidation, inflammatory reaction as well as energy metabolism, which reflects the difference of syndromes from different angles. The differences in metabolic outcomes among patients with different syndromes of dyslipidemia had a close association with to the effects of multiple signaling pathways. This study identified the characteristics of serum metabolic model of patients with different syndromes of dyslipidemia and the potential differential metabolites and characteristic metabolic characteristics of syndromes in order to understand the biological characteristics of patients with dyslipidemia of SKYD and PDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Medical Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Ye
- Orthopedics Department (2 ward), Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaomin Hu
- Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Caihua Huang
- Department of Physical Education, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, China
| | - Zheng Yang
- SATCM Key Laboratory of Renowned Physician and Classical Formula, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Pengyang Li
- Orthopedics Department (2 ward), Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Aiming Wu
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolin Xue
- Department of Diagnostics of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
| | - Donghai Lin
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
| | - Huimin Yang
- Neurology Department (3 ward), Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
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68
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Kurdi A, Roth L, Van der Veken B, Van Dam D, De Deyn PP, De Doncker M, Neels H, De Meyer GR, Martinet W. Everolimus depletes plaque macrophages, abolishes intraplaque neovascularization and improves survival in mice with advanced atherosclerosis. Vascul Pharmacol 2019; 113:70-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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69
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The change of immunosuppressive regimen from calcineurin inhibitors to mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors and its effect on malignancy following heart transplantation. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 69:150-158. [PMID: 30711744 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Malignancy is a significant cause of mortality after organ transplantation. There is an increased rate of malignancy following heart transplantation (HTx) compared to the general population and other organ transplant recipients. Post-HTx patients with a history of malignancy are also at a higher risk of developing new malignancies or exacerbation of their existing malignancies. Mammalian target of Rapamycin inhibitors (mTORIs) are newly introduced immunosuppressive drugs with a unique mechanism of action. By changing the immunosuppressive regimen from classic drugs, especially calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) to mTORIs, the rate of developing de novo malignancies and the relapse of former malignancies is significantly reduced. However, issues like allograft function, total surveillance of patients, and post-transplantation complications should be considered during the conversion of drug regimens utilizing CNIs to drug regimens employing mTORIs. We reviewed different post-heart transplant maintenance immunosuppressive regimens and their effect on post-HTx malignancies with a focus on mTORIs, compared safety against effectiveness, and gathered conclusions based on our review of the literature, which may lead clinicians to make a better evidence-based decision regarding post-HTx maintenance immunosuppressive drug regimens. Overall, CNI to mTORI conversion in post-HTx maintenance immunosuppressive drug regimens was associated with a reduced rate of developing malignancy in post-HTx patients. Furthermore, nephrotoxicity decreased significantly while using mTORIs in combination with lower doses of CNIs and the rejection rate was equivalent to CNI-only regimens. In conclusion, mTORI-based maintenance immunosuppressive drug regimens seem to be safe and beneficial when considering efficacy vs. adverse effects, and all-cause mortality rates are significantly lower in patients switched to mTORIs when compared to CNI recipients.
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70
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Boutouja F, Stiehm CM, Platta HW. mTOR: A Cellular Regulator Interface in Health and Disease. Cells 2019; 8:cells8010018. [PMID: 30609721 PMCID: PMC6356367 DOI: 10.3390/cells8010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanistic target of Rapamycin (mTOR) is a ubiquitously-conserved serine/threonine kinase, which has a central function in integrating growth signals and orchestrating their physiologic effects on cellular level. mTOR is the core component of differently composed signaling complexes that differ in protein composition and molecular targets. Newly identified classes of mTOR inhibitors are being developed to block autoimmune diseases and transplant rejections but also to treat obesity, diabetes, and different types of cancer. Therefore, the selective and context-dependent inhibition of mTOR activity itself might come into the focus as molecular target to prevent severe diseases and possibly to extend life span. This review provides a general introduction to the molecular composition and physiologic function of mTOR complexes as part of the Special Issue “2018 Select Papers by Cells’ Editorial Board Members”.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahd Boutouja
- Biochemie Intrazellulärer Transportprozesse, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany.
| | - Christian M Stiehm
- Biochemie Intrazellulärer Transportprozesse, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany.
| | - Harald W Platta
- Biochemie Intrazellulärer Transportprozesse, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany.
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71
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Hillson O, Gonzalez S, Rallis C. Prospects of Pharmacological Interventions to Organismal Aging. Biomol Concepts 2018; 9:200-215. [DOI: 10.1515/bmc-2018-0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractIntense research in the areas of cellular and organismal aging using diverse laboratory model systems has enriched our knowledge in the processes and the signalling pathways involved in normal and pathological conditions. The field finds itself in a position to take decisive steps towards clinical applications and interventions not only for targeted age-related diseases such as cardiovascular conditions and neurodegeneration but also for the modulation of health span and lifespan of a whole organism. Beyond nutritional interventions such as dietary restriction without malnutrition and various regimes of intermittent fasting, accumulating evidence provides promise for pharmacological interventions. The latter, mimic caloric or dietary restriction, tune cellular and organismal stress responses, affect the metabolism of microbiome with subsequent effects on the host or modulate repair pathways, among others. In this mini review, we summarise some of the evidence on drugs that can alter organismal lifespan and the prospects they might offer for promoting healthspan and delaying age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Hillson
- School of Health, Sport and Bioscience, University of East London, Water Lane, E15 4LZ, London, United Kingdom
| | - Suam Gonzalez
- School of Health, Sport and Bioscience, University of East London, Water Lane, E15 4LZ, London, United Kingdom
| | - Charalampos Rallis
- School of Health, Sport and Bioscience, University of East London, Water Lane, E15 4LZ, London, United Kingdom
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72
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Herrera-Gómez F, Del Aguila W, Tejero-Pedregosa A, Adler M, Padilla-Berdugo R, Maurtua-Briseño-Meiggs Á, Pascual J, Pascual M, San Segundo D, Heidt S, Álvarez FJ, Ochoa-Sangrador C, Lambert C. The number of FoxP3 regulatory T cells in the circulation may be a predictive biomarker for kidney transplant recipients: A multistage systematic review. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 65:483-492. [PMID: 30390595 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The kinetics of the FoxP3 regulatory T-cell (Treg) population in kidney transplant recipients (KTR) are related to the clinical effect of immunosuppression based on mammalian Target Of Rapamycin inhibitors (mTORi) with/without belatacept (predictive biomarker). METHODS A multistage systematic review of published and unpublished literature is presented [registration IDs in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO): CRD42017057570, CRD42018085019, CRD42018084941, CRD42018085186]. A multidisciplinary supervision mechanism for contextualizing of search findings was required. The peripheral blood immune cell phenotypes encompassing all regulatory cells in KTRs were assessed in order to suggest new markers of acute rejection-associated acute allograft dysfunction (AR/AAD) events in KTRs treated with mTORi alone or combined to belatacept. Quantitative estimates and evaluation of the body of evidence are provided. RESULTS An increase in Tregs and other regulatory cell types in the circulation in KTRs under mTORi with/without belatacept were observed. Patients with increased Tregs presented a low frequency of AR/AAD events compared to those in which the number of Tregs remained unchanged or even diminished [Odds Ratio (OR)/95% confidence interval (95% CI)/I2/number of studies (n): 0.31/0.10-0.93/0%/6]. Nevertheless, there are too few trials to consider Tregs in the circulation as a predictive biomarker. Inadequate reporting prevents appreciating clinical relevance in such studies. CONCLUSIONS Despite advances, clinical qualification of potential predictive biomarkers continues to be difficult. Clinical evidence on Tregs in KTRs needs to be enlarged. Biomarkers should be able to evaluate the effect of medicines targeted to specific patient populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Herrera-Gómez
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain; Department of Nephrology, Hospital Virgen de la Concha, Sanidad de Castilla y León, Zamora, Spain.
| | | | - Armando Tejero-Pedregosa
- Intensive Care Medicine, Hospital Virgen de la Concha, Sanidad de Castilla y León, Zamora, Spain
| | - Marcel Adler
- Hematology, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rosario Padilla-Berdugo
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | | | | | - Manuel Pascual
- Centre de Transplantation d'Organes, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - David San Segundo
- Immunology, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain.
| | - Sebastiaan Heidt
- Immunohaematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - F Javier Álvarez
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain; CEIm Área de Salud Valladolid Este, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain.
| | | | - Claude Lambert
- Immunology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne, Saint-Priest-en-Jarez, France
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73
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Yang M, Zhang Y, Ren J. Autophagic Regulation of Lipid Homeostasis in Cardiometabolic Syndrome. Front Cardiovasc Med 2018; 5:38. [PMID: 29774216 PMCID: PMC5943591 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2018.00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
As an important protein quality control process, autophagy is essential for the degradation and removal of long-lived or injured cellular components and organelles. Autophagy is known to participate in a number of pathophysiological processes including cardiometabolic syndrome. Recent findings have shown compelling evidence for the intricate interplay between autophagy and lipid metabolism. Autophagy serves as a major regulator of lipid homeostasis while lipid can also influence autophagosome formation and autophagic signaling. Lipophagy is a unique form of selective autophagy and functions as a fundamental mechanism for clearance of lipid excess in atherosclerotic plaques. Ample of evidence has denoted a novel therapeutic potential for autophagy in deranged lipid metabolism and management of cardiometabolic diseases such as atherosclerosis and diabetic cardiomyopathy. Here we will review the interplays between cardiac autophagy and lipid metabolism in an effort to seek new therapeutic options for cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjie Yang
- Department of Cardiology and Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingmei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology and Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Ren
- Department of Cardiology and Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY, United States
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74
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Soltani A, Bahreyni A, Boroumand N, Roshan MK, Khazaei M, Ryzhikov M, Soleimanpour S, Avan A, Hassanian SM. Therapeutic potency of mTOR signaling pharmacological inhibitors in the treatment of proinflammatory diseases, current status, and perspectives. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:4783-4790. [PMID: 29165795 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway controls cell energy metabolism. There is an interplay between mTOR and proinflammatory signaling pathways, supporting the role of the pathway in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. Inhibition of mTOR signaling using specific pharmacological inhibitors could offer therapeutic promise in several inflammatory-associated diseases. In this review, we summarize recent findings on the regulatory effects of mTOR signaling on inflammation and the therapeutic potency of mTOR pharmacological inhibitors in the treatment of inflammatory diseases including cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, atherosclerosis, sepsis, and rheumatoid arthritis for a better understanding and hence a better management of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Soltani
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Bahreyni
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunogenetic Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Mazandaran, Iran
| | - Nadia Boroumand
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mostafa Karimi Roshan
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Majid Khazaei
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Physiology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mikhail Ryzhikov
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, St. Louis University, School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Saman Soleimanpour
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Avan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Mahdi Hassanian
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Microanatomy Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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