51
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Ramos-Fabiel MA, Pérez-García EA, González EJ, Yáñez-Ordoñez O, Meave JA. Successional dynamics of the bee community in a tropical dry forest: Insights from taxonomy and functional ecology. Biotropica 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Melbi A. Ramos-Fabiel
- Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales; Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Coyoacán Ciudad de México Mexico
| | - Eduardo A. Pérez-García
- Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales; Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Coyoacán Ciudad de México Mexico
| | - Edgar J. González
- Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales; Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Coyoacán Ciudad de México Mexico
| | - Olivia Yáñez-Ordoñez
- Departamento de Biología Evolutiva; Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Coyoacán Ciudad de México Mexico
| | - Jorge A. Meave
- Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales; Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Coyoacán Ciudad de México Mexico
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52
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Zungu MM, Maseko MST, Kalle R, Ramesh T, Downs CT. Fragment and life-history correlates of extinction vulnerability of forest mammals in an urban-forest mosaic in EThekwini Municipality, Durban, South Africa. Anim Conserv 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/acv.12470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M. M. Zungu
- School of Life Sciences; University of KwaZulu-Natal; Scottsville Pietermaritzburg South Africa
| | - M. S. T. Maseko
- School of Life Sciences; University of KwaZulu-Natal; Scottsville Pietermaritzburg South Africa
| | - R. Kalle
- School of Life Sciences; University of KwaZulu-Natal; Scottsville Pietermaritzburg South Africa
- Sálim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History; Coimbatore Tamil Nadu India
| | - T. Ramesh
- School of Life Sciences; University of KwaZulu-Natal; Scottsville Pietermaritzburg South Africa
- Sálim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History; Coimbatore Tamil Nadu India
| | - C. T. Downs
- School of Life Sciences; University of KwaZulu-Natal; Scottsville Pietermaritzburg South Africa
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53
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Korotkevich AY, Potapov AM, Tiunov AV, Kuznetsova NA. Collapse of trophic‐niche structure in belowground communities under anthropogenic disturbance. Ecosphere 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiya Yu. Korotkevich
- Institute of Biology and Chemistry Moscow State Pedagogical University Kibalchicha Street 6k3 129164 Moscow Russia
| | - Anton M. Potapov
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution Russian Academy of Sciences Leninsky Prospect 33 119071 Moscow Russia
- J.F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology University of Göttingen Untere Karspüle 2 37073 Goettingen Germany
| | - Alexei V. Tiunov
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution Russian Academy of Sciences Leninsky Prospect 33 119071 Moscow Russia
| | - Natalia A. Kuznetsova
- Institute of Biology and Chemistry Moscow State Pedagogical University Kibalchicha Street 6k3 129164 Moscow Russia
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54
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Lecocq T, Michez D, Gérard M, Vereecken NJ, Delangre J, Rasmont P, Vray S, Dufrêne M, Mardulyn P, Dellicour S. Divergent geographic patterns of genetic diversity among wild bees: Conservation implications. DIVERS DISTRIB 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Lecocq
- Université de Lorraine; INRA; URAFPA; Nancy France
- Laboratoire de Zoologie; Research Institute of Biosciences; University of Mons; Mons Belgium
| | - Denis Michez
- Laboratoire de Zoologie; Research Institute of Biosciences; University of Mons; Mons Belgium
| | - Maxence Gérard
- Laboratoire de Zoologie; Research Institute of Biosciences; University of Mons; Mons Belgium
| | - Nicolas J. Vereecken
- Agroecology & Pollination; Landscape Ecology & Plant Production Systems; Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB); Brussels Belgium
| | - Jessica Delangre
- Biodiversity & Landscape; Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech; University of Liège; Gembloux Belgium
| | - Pierre Rasmont
- Laboratoire de Zoologie; Research Institute of Biosciences; University of Mons; Mons Belgium
| | - Sarah Vray
- Laboratoire de Zoologie; Research Institute of Biosciences; University of Mons; Mons Belgium
- Department of Geography; University of Namur; Namur Belgium
| | - Marc Dufrêne
- Biodiversity & Landscape; Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech; University of Liège; Gembloux Belgium
| | - Patrick Mardulyn
- Evolutionary Biology and Ecology; Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB); Bruxelles Belgium
| | - Simon Dellicour
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Rega Institute; Laboratory for Clinical and Epidemiological Virology; Leuven Belgium
- Spatial Epidemiology Lab (SpELL); Université Libre de Bruxelles; CP160/12 50, av. FD Roosevelt; 1050 Bruxelles Belgium
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55
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Kirkpatrick L, Mitchell SN, Park KJ. The metric matters when assessing diversity: Assessing lepidopteran species richness and diversity in two habitats under different disturbance regimes. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:11134-11142. [PMID: 30519431 PMCID: PMC6262917 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
How we measure diversity can have important implications for understanding the impacts of anthropogenic pressure on ecosystem processes and functioning. Functional diversity quantifies the range and relative abundance of functional traits within a given community and, as such, may provide a more mechanistic understanding of ecosystems. Here, we use a novel approach to examine how lepidopteran richness and diversity, weighted by species abundance, differ between habitats under different disturbance regimes (highly disturbed non-native plantations and less disturbed broadleaf woodlands), both with and without constraining by similarity due to shared taxonomy or functional traits. Comparisons of diversity between the two habitats differed according to which metric was being used; while species richness was 58% greater in broadleaf woodlands, after accounting for species similarity due to shared functional traits, there was little difference between woodland types under two different disturbance regimes. Functional diversity varied within the landscape but was similar in paired broadleaf and plantation sites, suggesting that landscape rather than local factors drive biotic homogenization in plantation dominated landscapes. The higher richness in broadleaf sites appears to be driven by rare species, which share functional traits with more common species. Moth populations in disturbed, plantation sites represent a reduced subset of moth species compared to broadleaf sites, and may be more vulnerable to disturbance pressures such as clear-felling operations due to low community resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucinda Kirkpatrick
- Biological and Ecological SciencesUniversity of StirlingStirlingUK
- EVECO, Universiteit AntwerpenAntwerpBelgium
| | - Sonia N. Mitchell
- Boyd Orr Centre for Population and Ecosystem HealthUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Kirsty J. Park
- Biological and Ecological SciencesUniversity of StirlingStirlingUK
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56
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Grass I, Jauker B, Steffan-Dewenter I, Tscharntke T, Jauker F. Past and potential future effects of habitat fragmentation on structure and stability of plant-pollinator and host-parasitoid networks. Nat Ecol Evol 2018; 2:1408-1417. [PMID: 30082735 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-018-0631-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Habitat fragmentation is a primary threat to biodiversity, but how it affects the structure and stability of ecological networks is poorly understood. Here, we studied plant-pollinator and host-parasitoid networks on 32 calcareous grassland fragments covering a size gradient of several orders of magnitude and with amounts of additional habitat availability in the surrounding landscape that varied independent of fragment size. We find that additive and interactive effects of habitat fragmentation at local (fragment size) and landscape scales (1,750 m radius) directly shape species communities by altering the number of interacting species and, indirectly, their body size composition. These, in turn, affect plant-pollinator, but not host-parasitoid, network structure: the nestedness and modularity of plant-pollinator networks increase with pollinator body size. Moreover, pollinator richness increases modularity. In contrast, the modularity of host-parasitoid networks decreases with host richness, whereas neither parasitoid richness nor body size affects network structure. Simulating species coextinctions also reveals that the structure-stability relationship depends on species' sensitivity to coextinctions and their capacity for adaptive partner switches, which differ between mutualistic and antagonistic interaction partners. While plant-pollinator communities may cope with future habitat fragmentation by responding to species loss with opportunistic partner switches, past effects of fragmentation on the current structure of host-parasitoid networks may strongly affect their robustness to coextinctions under future habitat fragmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingo Grass
- Agroecology, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Birgit Jauker
- Animal Ecology, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Teja Tscharntke
- Agroecology, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Frank Jauker
- Animal Ecology, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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57
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Wu P, Axmacher JC, Song X, Zhang X, Xu H, Chen C, Yu Z, Liu Y. Effects of Plant Diversity, Vegetation Composition, and Habitat Type on Different Functional Trait Groups of Wild Bees in Rural Beijing. JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2018; 18:5047075. [PMID: 29982552 PMCID: PMC6030977 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/iey065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The loss of flower-rich habitats and agricultural intensification have resulted in significant losses of wild bee diversity from agricultural landscapes that is increasingly threatening the pollination of zoochorous agricultural crops and agricultural sustainability. However, the links of different wild bee functional trait groups with habitat types and plant resources in agricultural landscapes remain poorly understood, thus impeding the formulation of effective policies for bee conservation. We therefore analyzed how bees representing different functional groups responded to variations in habitat type, vegetation composition and plant diversity. Natural shrubland sustained the highest diversity in bees overall, in large-sized bees, solitary bees and belowground-nesting bees, while each habitat harbored unique species. In half of the functional bee groups, species were negatively linked to tree coverage and herb coverage, respectively, while plant diversity was positively related to all functional groups except large-sized bees and aboveground-nesting bees. Overall bee abundance was positively related to abundance of plants in the Sympetalae, and negatively related to abundance of plants in the Archichlamydeae. Different bee functional groups showed distinct preferences for different plant communities. In order to conserve the diversity of wild bees across functional groups to optimize associated pollination services, a diverse habitat mosaic, and particularly plant species in Sympetalae need to be promoted in agricultural landscapes. Future studies should aim to enhance our understanding of plant-pollinator associations and specific food requirement of different wild bee species for their effective conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panlong Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jan C Axmacher
- UCL Department of Geography, University College London, London WC1E, United Kingdom
| | - Xiao Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuzhu Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Huanli Xu
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenrong Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yunhui Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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58
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Iles DT, Williams NM, Crone EE. Source‐sink dynamics of bumblebees in rapidly changing landscapes. J Appl Ecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David T. Iles
- Biology DepartmentWoods Hole Oceanographic Institution Woods Hole Massachusetts
- Department of BiologyTufts University Medford Massachusetts
| | - Neal M. Williams
- Department of Entomology and NematologyUniversity of California Davis California
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59
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Öckinger E, Winsa M, Roberts SPM, Bommarco R. Mobility and resource use influence the occurrence of pollinating insects in restored seminatural grassland fragments. Restor Ecol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.12646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erik Öckinger
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; Department of Ecology, PO Box 7044; SE-750 07 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Marie Winsa
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; Department of Ecology, PO Box 7044; SE-750 07 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Stuart P. M. Roberts
- Centre for Agri-Environmental Research, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development; University of Reading; Reading RG6 6AR U.K
| | - Riccardo Bommarco
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; Department of Ecology, PO Box 7044; SE-750 07 Uppsala Sweden
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60
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Muth F, Francis JS, Leonard AS. Bees use the taste of pollen to determine which flowers to visit. Biol Lett 2017; 12:rsbl.2016.0356. [PMID: 27405383 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2016.0356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pollen plays a dual role as both a gametophyte and a nutritional reward for pollinators. Although pollen chemistry varies across plant species, its functional significance in pollination has remained obscure, in part because little is known about how floral visitors assess it. Bees rely on pollen for protein, but whether foragers evaluate its chemistry is unclear, as it is primarily consumed by larvae. We asked whether the chemical composition of pollen influences bumblebees' foraging behaviour. Using putatively sweet and bitter pollen blends, we found that chemical composition influenced two aspects of bee behaviour relevant to plant fitness: the amount of pollen collected and the likelihood of subsequently visiting a visually similar flower. These findings offer a new perspective on the nutritional ecology of plant-pollinator interactions, as they show that pollen's taste may mediate its collection and transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicity Muth
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Jacob S Francis
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Anne S Leonard
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
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61
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Rossetti MR, Tscharntke T, Aguilar R, Batáry P. Responses of insect herbivores and herbivory to habitat fragmentation: a hierarchical meta-analysis. Ecol Lett 2017; 20:264-272. [PMID: 28111900 DOI: 10.1111/ele.12723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Loss and fragmentation of natural habitats can lead to alterations of plant-animal interactions and ecosystems functioning. Insect herbivory, an important antagonistic interaction is expected to be influenced by habitat fragmentation through direct negative effects on herbivore community richness and indirect positive effects due to losses of natural enemies. Plant community changes with habitat fragmentation added to the indirect effects but with little predictable impact. Here, we evaluated habitat fragmentation effects on both herbivory and herbivore diversity, using novel hierarchical meta-analyses. Across 89 studies, we found a negative effect of habitat fragmentation on abundance and species richness of herbivores, but only a non-significant trend on herbivory. Reduced area and increased isolation of remaining fragments yielded the strongest effect on abundance and species richness, while specialist herbivores were the most vulnerable to habitat fragmentation. These fragmentation effects were more pronounced in studies with large spatial extent. The strong reduction in herbivore diversity, but not herbivory, indicates how important common generalist species can be in maintaining herbivory as a major ecosystem process.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Rosa Rossetti
- Centro de Investigaciones Entomológicas de Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, X5016GCA Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Teja Tscharntke
- Agroecology, Georg-August University, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ramiro Aguilar
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, X5000JJC Córdoba, Argentina.,Laboratorio Nacional de Análisis y Síntesis Ecológica (LANASE), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 58190 Morelia, México
| | - Péter Batáry
- Agroecology, Georg-August University, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
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62
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Bartomeus I, Cariveau DP, Harrison T, Winfree R. On the inconsistency of pollinator species traits for predicting either response to land-use change or functional contribution. OIKOS 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.04507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel P. Cariveau
- Dept of Ecology; Evolution and Natural Resources, Rutgers Univ., The State Univ. of New Jersey; New Brunswick NJ 08901 USA
- Dept of Entomology; Univ. of Minnesota; Saint Paul MN USA
| | - Tina Harrison
- Dept of Ecology; Evolution and Natural Resources, Rutgers Univ., The State Univ. of New Jersey; New Brunswick NJ 08901 USA
| | - Rachael Winfree
- Dept of Ecology; Evolution and Natural Resources, Rutgers Univ., The State Univ. of New Jersey; New Brunswick NJ 08901 USA
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63
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Winsa M, Öckinger E, Bommarco R, Lindborg R, Roberts SPM, Wärnsberg J, Bartomeus I. Sustained functional composition of pollinators in restored pastures despite slow functional restoration of plants. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:3836-3846. [PMID: 28616180 PMCID: PMC5468136 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Habitat restoration is a key measure to counteract negative impacts on biodiversity from habitat loss and fragmentation. To assess success in restoring not only biodiversity, but also functionality of communities, we should take into account the re-assembly of species trait composition across taxa. Attaining such functional restoration would depend on the landscape context, vegetation structure, and time since restoration. We assessed how trait composition of plant and pollinator (bee and hoverfly) communities differ between abandoned, restored (formerly abandoned) or continuously grazed (intact) semi-natural pastures. In restored pastures, we also explored trait composition in relation to landscape context, vegetation structure, and pasture management history. Abandoned pastures differed from intact and restored pastures in trait composition of plant communities, and as expected, had lower abundances of species with traits associated with grazing adaptations. Further, plant trait composition in restored pastures became increasingly similar to that in intact pastures with increasing time since restoration. On the contrary, the trait composition of pollinator communities in both abandoned and restored pastures remained similar to intact pastures. The trait composition for both bees and hoverflies was influenced by flower abundance and, for bees, by connectivity to other intact grasslands in the landscape. The divergent responses across organism groups appeared to be mainly related to the limited dispersal ability and long individual life span in plants, the high mobility of pollinators, and the dependency of semi-natural habitat for bees. Our results, encompassing restoration effects on trait composition for multiple taxa along a gradient in both time (time since restoration) and space (connectivity), reveal how interacting communities of plants and pollinators are shaped by different trait-environmental relationships. Complete functional restoration of pastures needs for more detailed assessments of both plants dispersal in time and of resources available within pollinator dispersal range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Winsa
- Department of EcologySwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUppsalaSweden
| | - Erik Öckinger
- Department of EcologySwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUppsalaSweden
| | - Riccardo Bommarco
- Department of EcologySwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUppsalaSweden
| | - Regina Lindborg
- Department of Physical GeographyStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
| | - Stuart P. M. Roberts
- School of Agriculture, Policy and DevelopmentCentre for Agri‐Environmental ResearchUniversity of ReadingReadingUK
| | - Johanna Wärnsberg
- Department of EcologySwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUppsalaSweden
| | - Ignasi Bartomeus
- Department of EcologySwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUppsalaSweden
- Dpto. Ecología IntegrativaEstación Biológica de Doñana (EBD‐CSIC)Isla de la CartujaSevillaSpain
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64
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Habitat- and matrix-related differences in species diversity and trait richness of vascular plants, Orthoptera and Lepidoptera in an urban landscape. Urban Ecosyst 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11252-017-0662-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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65
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Kovács-Hostyánszki A, Espíndola A, Vanbergen AJ, Settele J, Kremen C, Dicks LV. Ecological intensification to mitigate impacts of conventional intensive land use on pollinators and pollination. Ecol Lett 2017; 20:673-689. [PMID: 28346980 PMCID: PMC6849539 DOI: 10.1111/ele.12762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide, human appropriation of ecosystems is disrupting plant–pollinator communities and pollination function through habitat conversion and landscape homogenisation. Conversion to agriculture is destroying and degrading semi‐natural ecosystems while conventional land‐use intensification (e.g. industrial management of large‐scale monocultures with high chemical inputs) homogenises landscape structure and quality. Together, these anthropogenic processes reduce the connectivity of populations and erode floral and nesting resources to undermine pollinator abundance and diversity, and ultimately pollination services. Ecological intensification of agriculture represents a strategic alternative to ameliorate these drivers of pollinator decline while supporting sustainable food production, by promoting biodiversity beneficial to agricultural production through management practices such as intercropping, crop rotations, farm‐level diversification and reduced agrochemical use. We critically evaluate its potential to address and reverse the land use and management trends currently degrading pollinator communities and potentially causing widespread pollination deficits. We find that many of the practices that constitute ecological intensification can contribute to mitigating the drivers of pollinator decline. Our findings support ecological intensification as a solution to pollinator declines, and we discuss ways to promote it in agricultural policy and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anikó Kovács-Hostyánszki
- MTA Centre for Ecological Research, Institute of Ecology and Botany, Lendület Ecosystem Services Research Group, Alkotmány u. 2-4., 2163, Vácrátót, Hungary.,MTA Centre for Ecological Research, GINOP Sustainable Ecosystems Group, Klebelsberg Kuno u. 3., 8237, Tihany, Hungary
| | - Anahí Espíndola
- Department of Biological Sciences, Life Sciences South 252, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844-3051, USA
| | - Adam J Vanbergen
- NERC Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Bush Estate, Penicuik, Edinburgh EH26 0QB, UK
| | - Josef Settele
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Dept. of Community Ecology, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4, 06120 Halle, Germany.,iDiv, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Los Banos, College, Laguna 4031, Philippines
| | - Claire Kremen
- University of California, 217 Wellman Hall Berkeley, California 94720-3114 CA, USA
| | - Lynn V Dicks
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
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66
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Wood TJ, Holland JM, Goulson D. Diet characterisation of solitary bees on farmland: dietary specialisation predicts rarity. BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION 2016; 25:2655-2671. [PMID: 32355425 PMCID: PMC7175682 DOI: 10.1007/s10531-016-1191-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Changes in agricultural practice across Europe and North America have been associated with declines in wild bee populations. Bee diet breadth has been associated with sensitivity to agricultural intensification, but much of this analysis has been conducted at the categorical level of generalist or specialist, and it is not clear to what extent the level of generalisation within generalist species is also associated with species persistence. We used pollen load analysis to quantify the pollen diets of wild solitary bees on 19 farms across southern England, UK. A total of 72 species of solitary bees were recorded, but only 31 species were abundant enough to allow for formal diet characterisation. The results broadly conformed to existing literature with the majority of species polylectic and collecting pollen from a wide range of plants. Pollen load analysis consistently identified pollens from more plant species and families from each bee species than direct observation of their foraging behaviour. After rarefaction to standardise pollen load sample sizes, diet breadth was significantly associated with frequency of occurrence, with more generalist bees present on more farms than less generalist bees. Our results show that the majority of bee species present on farmland in reasonable numbers are widely variable in their pollen choices, but that those with the broadest diet were present on the greatest number of farms. Increasing the diversity of plants included in agri-environment schemes may be necessary to provide a wider range of pollen resources in order to support a diverse bee community on farmland.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. J. Wood
- School of Life Sciences, The University of Sussex, Falmer, East Sussex BN1 9QG UK
| | - J. M. Holland
- The Game and Wildlife Conservation Trust, Burgate Manor, Fordingbridge, Hampshire SP6 1EF UK
| | - D. Goulson
- School of Life Sciences, The University of Sussex, Falmer, East Sussex BN1 9QG UK
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67
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Montero‐Castaño A, Vilà M. Influence of the honeybee and trait similarity on the effect of a non‐native plant on pollination and network rewiring. Funct Ecol 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Montero‐Castaño
- Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD‐CSIC) Avda. Américo Vespucio s/n, Isla de la Cartuja 41092 Sevilla Spain
| | - Montserrat Vilà
- Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD‐CSIC) Avda. Américo Vespucio s/n, Isla de la Cartuja 41092 Sevilla Spain
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68
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Kierepka EM, Anderson SJ, Swihart RK, Rhodes OE. Evaluating the influence of life-history characteristics on genetic structure: a comparison of small mammals inhabiting complex agricultural landscapes. Ecol Evol 2016; 6:6376-96. [PMID: 27648250 PMCID: PMC5016657 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 05/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Conversion of formerly continuous native habitats into highly fragmented landscapes can lead to numerous negative demographic and genetic impacts on native taxa that ultimately reduce population viability. In response to concerns over biodiversity loss, numerous investigators have proposed that traits such as body size and ecological specialization influence the sensitivity of species to habitat fragmentation. In this study, we examined how differences in body size and ecological specialization of two rodents (eastern chipmunk; Tamias striatus and white‐footed mouse; Peromyscus leucopus) impact their genetic connectivity within the highly fragmented landscape of the Upper Wabash River Basin (UWB), Indiana, and evaluated whether landscape configuration and complexity influenced patterns of genetic structure similarly between these two species. The more specialized chipmunk exhibited dramatically more genetic structure across the UWB than white‐footed mice, with genetic differentiation being correlated with geographic distance, configuration of intervening habitats, and complexity of forested habitats within sampling sites. In contrast, the generalist white‐footed mouse resembled a panmictic population across the UWB, and no landscape factors were found to influence gene flow. Despite the extensive previous work in abundance and occupancy within the UWB, no landscape factor that influenced occupancy or abundance was correlated with genetic differentiation in either species. The difference in predictors of occupancy, abundance, and gene flow suggests that species‐specific responses to fragmentation are scale dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Kierepka
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory University of Georgia PO Drawer E Aiken South Carolina 29802
| | - Sara J Anderson
- Biosciences Department Minnesota State University Moorhead 1104 7th Ave Moorhead Minnesota 56563
| | - Robert K Swihart
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources Purdue University 715 W. State Street West Lafayette Indiana 47907
| | - Olin E Rhodes
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory University of Georgia PO Drawer E Aiken South Carolina 29802
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69
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Holzschuh A, Dainese M, González-Varo JP, Mudri-Stojnić S, Riedinger V, Rundlöf M, Scheper J, Wickens JB, Wickens VJ, Bommarco R, Kleijn D, Potts SG, Roberts SPM, Smith HG, Vilà M, Vujić A, Steffan-Dewenter I. Mass-flowering crops dilute pollinator abundance in agricultural landscapes across Europe. Ecol Lett 2016; 19:1228-36. [PMID: 27531385 PMCID: PMC5031195 DOI: 10.1111/ele.12657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Mass-flowering crops (MFCs) are increasingly cultivated and might influence pollinator communities in MFC fields and nearby semi-natural habitats (SNHs). Across six European regions and 2 years, we assessed how landscape-scale cover of MFCs affected pollinator densities in 408 MFC fields and adjacent SNHs. In MFC fields, densities of bumblebees, solitary bees, managed honeybees and hoverflies were negatively related to the cover of MFCs in the landscape. In SNHs, densities of bumblebees declined with increasing cover of MFCs but densities of honeybees increased. The densities of all pollinators were generally unrelated to the cover of SNHs in the landscape. Although MFC fields apparently attracted pollinators from SNHs, in landscapes with large areas of MFCs they became diluted. The resulting lower densities might negatively affect yields of pollinator-dependent crops and the reproductive success of wild plants. An expansion of MFCs needs to be accompanied by pollinator-supporting practices in agricultural landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Holzschuh
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Matteo Dainese
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Juan P González-Varo
- Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD-CSIC), Avda. Américo Vespucio s/n, Isla de la Cartuja, 41092, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Sonja Mudri-Stojnić
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Verena Riedinger
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Maj Rundlöf
- Department of Biology, Lund University, 223 62, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jeroen Scheper
- Alterra, Animal Ecology Team, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation Group, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 3a, 6708PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jennifer B Wickens
- Centre for Agri-Environmental Research, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AR, UK
| | - Victoria J Wickens
- Centre for Agri-Environmental Research, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AR, UK
| | - Riccardo Bommarco
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - David Kleijn
- Alterra, Animal Ecology Team, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation Group, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 3a, 6708PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Simon G Potts
- Centre for Agri-Environmental Research, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AR, UK
| | - Stuart P M Roberts
- Centre for Agri-Environmental Research, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AR, UK
| | - Henrik G Smith
- Department of Biology, Lund University, 223 62, Lund, Sweden.,Centre for Environmental and Climate Research, Lund University, 223 62, Lund, Sweden
| | - Montserrat Vilà
- Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD-CSIC), Avda. Américo Vespucio s/n, Isla de la Cartuja, 41092, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ante Vujić
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Ingolf Steffan-Dewenter
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
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70
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Woodcock BA, Isaac NJB, Bullock JM, Roy DB, Garthwaite DG, Crowe A, Pywell RF. Impacts of neonicotinoid use on long-term population changes in wild bees in England. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12459. [PMID: 27529661 PMCID: PMC4990702 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Wild bee declines have been ascribed in part to neonicotinoid insecticides. While short-term laboratory studies on commercially bred species (principally honeybees and bumblebees) have identified sub-lethal effects, there is no strong evidence linking these insecticides to losses of the majority of wild bee species. We relate 18 years of UK national wild bee distribution data for 62 species to amounts of neonicotinoid use in oilseed rape. Using a multi-species dynamic Bayesian occupancy analysis, we find evidence of increased population extinction rates in response to neonicotinoid seed treatment use on oilseed rape. Species foraging on oilseed rape benefit from the cover of this crop, but were on average three times more negatively affected by exposure to neonicotinoids than non-crop foragers. Our results suggest that sub-lethal effects of neonicotinoids could scale up to cause losses of bee biodiversity. Restrictions on neonicotinoid use may reduce population declines. Neonicotinoid as insecticide on oilseed rape can reduce bee colony density, but its effect at a large geographical scale is unclear. This study describes 18-year long wild bee tracking data in England and show neonicotinoid use is correlated with wild bee population declines at real landscape scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben A Woodcock
- NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, UK
| | - Nicholas J B Isaac
- NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, UK
| | - James M Bullock
- NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, UK
| | - David B Roy
- NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, UK
| | | | - Andrew Crowe
- FERA Science Ltd., Sand Hutton, York YO41 1LZ, UK
| | - Richard F Pywell
- NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, UK
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71
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Conservation of Pollinators in Traditional Agricultural Landscapes - New Challenges in Transylvania (Romania) Posed by EU Accession and Recommendations for Future Research. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151650. [PMID: 27285118 PMCID: PMC4902286 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Farmland biodiversity is strongly declining in most of Western Europe, but still survives in traditional low intensity agricultural landscapes in Central and Eastern Europe. Accession to the EU however intensifies agriculture, which leads to the vanishing of traditional farming. Our aim was to describe the pollinator assemblages of the last remnants of these landscapes, thus set the baseline of sustainable farming for pollination, and to highlight potential measures of conservation. In these traditional farmlands in the Transylvanian Basin, Romania (EU accession in 2007), we studied the major pollinator groups—wild bees, hoverflies and butterflies. Landscape scale effects of semi-natural habitats, land cover diversity, the effects of heterogeneity and woody vegetation cover and on-site flower resources were tested on pollinator communities in traditionally managed arable fields and grasslands. Our results showed: (i) semi-natural habitats at the landscape scale have a positive effect on most pollinators, especially in the case of low heterogeneity of the direct vicinity of the studied sites; (ii) both arable fields and grasslands hold abundant flower resources, thus both land use types are important in sustaining pollinator communities; (iii) thus, pollinator conservation can rely even on arable fields under traditional management regime. This has an indirect message that the tiny flower margins around large intensive fields in west Europe can be insufficient conservation measures to restore pollinator communities at the landscape scale, as this is still far the baseline of necessary flower resources. This hypothesis needs further study, which includes more traditional landscapes providing baseline, and exploration of other factors behind the lower than baseline level biodiversity values of fields under agri-environmental schemes (AES).
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72
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Abelleira Martínez OJ, Fremier AK, Günter S, Ramos Bendaña Z, Vierling L, Galbraith SM, Bosque-Pérez NA, Ordoñez JC. Scaling up functional traits for ecosystem services with remote sensing: concepts and methods. Ecol Evol 2016; 6:4359-71. [PMID: 27386081 PMCID: PMC4930986 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 05/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ecosystem service‐based management requires an accurate understanding of how human modification influences ecosystem processes and these relationships are most accurate when based on functional traits. Although trait variation is typically sampled at local scales, remote sensing methods can facilitate scaling up trait variation to regional scales needed for ecosystem service management. We review concepts and methods for scaling up plant and animal functional traits from local to regional spatial scales with the goal of assessing impacts of human modification on ecosystem processes and services. We focus our objectives on considerations and approaches for (1) conducting local plot‐level sampling of trait variation and (2) scaling up trait variation to regional spatial scales using remotely sensed data. We show that sampling methods for scaling up traits need to account for the modification of trait variation due to land cover change and species introductions. Sampling intraspecific variation, stratification by land cover type or landscape context, or inference of traits from published sources may be necessary depending on the traits of interest. Passive and active remote sensing are useful for mapping plant phenological, chemical, and structural traits. Combining these methods can significantly improve their capacity for mapping plant trait variation. These methods can also be used to map landscape and vegetation structure in order to infer animal trait variation. Due to high context dependency, relationships between trait variation and remotely sensed data are not directly transferable across regions. We end our review with a brief synthesis of issues to consider and outlook for the development of these approaches. Research that relates typical functional trait metrics, such as the community‐weighted mean, with remote sensing data and that relates variation in traits that cannot be remotely sensed to other proxies is needed. Our review narrows the gap between functional trait and remote sensing methods for ecosystem service management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar J Abelleira Martínez
- Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza Turrialba Costa Rica; Department of Fish and Wildlife Sciences University of Idaho Moscow Idaho; Departamento de Ciencias Agroambientales Universidad de Puerto Rico Mayagüez Puerto Rico
| | - Alexander K Fremier
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Sciences University of Idaho Moscow Idaho; School of the Environment Washington State University Pullman Washington
| | - Sven Günter
- Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza Turrialba Costa Rica; Thünen Institute of International Forestry and Forest Economics Hamburg Germany
| | - Zayra Ramos Bendaña
- Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza Turrialba Costa Rica; Department of Natural Resources and Society University of Idaho Moscow Idaho
| | - Lee Vierling
- Department of Natural Resources and Society University of Idaho Moscow Idaho
| | - Sara M Galbraith
- Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y EnseñanzaTurrialba Costa Rica; Department of Plant, Soil, and Entomological Sciences University of Idaho Moscow Idaho
| | - Nilsa A Bosque-Pérez
- Department of Plant, Soil, and Entomological Sciences University of Idaho Moscow Idaho
| | - Jenny C Ordoñez
- Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza Turrialba Costa Rica; World Agroforestry Centre Latin America Regional Office Turrialba Costa Rica
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73
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Marshall L, Carvalheiro LG, Aguirre‐Gutiérrez J, Bos M, de Groot GA, Kleijn D, Potts SG, Reemer M, Roberts S, Scheper J, Biesmeijer JC. Testing projected wild bee distributions in agricultural habitats: predictive power depends on species traits and habitat type. Ecol Evol 2015; 5:4426-36. [PMID: 26664689 PMCID: PMC4667819 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Revised: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Species distribution models (SDM) are increasingly used to understand the factors that regulate variation in biodiversity patterns and to help plan conservation strategies. However, these models are rarely validated with independently collected data and it is unclear whether SDM performance is maintained across distinct habitats and for species with different functional traits. Highly mobile species, such as bees, can be particularly challenging to model. Here, we use independent sets of occurrence data collected systematically in several agricultural habitats to test how the predictive performance of SDMs for wild bee species depends on species traits, habitat type, and sampling technique. We used a species distribution modeling approach parametrized for the Netherlands, with presence records from 1990 to 2010 for 193 Dutch wild bees. For each species, we built a Maxent model based on 13 climate and landscape variables. We tested the predictive performance of the SDMs with independent datasets collected from orchards and arable fields across the Netherlands from 2010 to 2013, using transect surveys or pan traps. Model predictive performance depended on species traits and habitat type. Occurrence of bee species specialized in habitat and diet was better predicted than generalist bees. Predictions of habitat suitability were also more precise for habitats that are temporally more stable (orchards) than for habitats that suffer regular alterations (arable), particularly for small, solitary bees. As a conservation tool, SDMs are best suited to modeling rarer, specialist species than more generalist and will work best in long-term stable habitats. The variability of complex, short-term habitats is difficult to capture in such models and historical land use generally has low thematic resolution. To improve SDMs' usefulness, models require explanatory variables and collection data that include detailed landscape characteristics, for example, variability of crops and flower availability. Additionally, testing SDMs with field surveys should involve multiple collection techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon Marshall
- Naturalis Biodiversity CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
- Department of GeographyUniversity of NamurNamurBelgium
| | - Luísa G. Carvalheiro
- Naturalis Biodiversity CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
- Institute of Integrative and Comparative BiologyUniversity of LeedsLeedsUnited Kingdom
- Departamento de EcologiaInstituto de Ciências BiológicasUniversidade de BrasíliaBrasília70910‐900Brasil
| | - Jesús Aguirre‐Gutiérrez
- Naturalis Biodiversity CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystems Dynamics (IBED)University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Merijn Bos
- Louis Bolk InstituutDriebergenThe Netherlands
| | | | - David Kleijn
- Alterra – Wageningen URWageningenThe Netherlands
- Resource Ecology GroupWageningen UniversityWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Simon G. Potts
- Centre for Agri‐Environmental ResearchSchool of Agriculture, Policy and DevelopmentUniversity of ReadingReadingUnited Kingdom
| | - Menno Reemer
- Naturalis Biodiversity CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
- European Invertebrate Survey Kenniscentrum Insecten – The NetherlandsLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Stuart Roberts
- Centre for Agri‐Environmental ResearchSchool of Agriculture, Policy and DevelopmentUniversity of ReadingReadingUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Jacobus C. Biesmeijer
- Naturalis Biodiversity CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystems Dynamics (IBED)University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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74
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Harvey E, MacDougall AS. Spatially Heterogeneous Perturbations Homogenize the Regulation of Insect Herbivores. Am Nat 2015; 186:623-33. [PMID: 26655775 DOI: 10.1086/683199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Anthropogenic influences on resources and consumers can affect food web regulation, with impacts on trophic structure and ecosystem processes. Identifying how these impacts unfold is challenging because alterations to one or both resources and consumers can similarly transform community structure, especially for intermediate consumers. To date, empirical testing of perturbations on trophic regulation has been limited by the difficulty in separating the direct effect of perturbations on species composition and diversity from those unfolding indirectly via altered feeding pathways. Moreover, disentangling the independent and interactive impacts of covarying stressors that characterize human-altered systems has been an ongoing analytical challenge. We used a large-scale metacommunity experiment in grasslands to test how resource inputs, stand perturbation, and spatial factors affect regulation of insect herbivores in tritrophic grassland food webs. Using path-model comparisons, we observed significant simplification of food web regulation on insect herbivores, shifting from mixed predator-resource regulation in unaltered mainland areas to strictly resource-based regulation with landscape perturbation and fragmentation. Most changes were attributed to homogenization of plant community caused by landscape fragmentation and the deterministic influence of eutrophication that reduced among-patch beta diversity. This led to a simplified food web dominated by fewer but more abundant herbivore taxa. Our work implies that anthropogenic perturbation relating to resources and spatial isolation can transform the regulation of food web diversity, structure, and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Harvey
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
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75
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Curtis RJ, Brereton TM, Dennis RLH, Carbone C, Isaac NJB. Butterfly abundance is determined by food availability and is mediated by species traits. J Appl Ecol 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.12523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Robin J. Curtis
- NERC Centre for Ecology & Hydrology; Maclean Building Crowmarsh Gifford Wallingford OX10 8BB UK
- University College London; Gower Street London WC1E 6BT UK
- Institute of Zoology; Zoological Society of London; Regent's Park London NW1 4RY UK
| | - Tom M. Brereton
- Butterfly Conservation; Manor Yard East Lulworth Wareham BH20 5QP UK
| | - Roger L. H. Dennis
- NERC Centre for Ecology & Hydrology; Maclean Building Crowmarsh Gifford Wallingford OX10 8BB UK
- Institute for Environment, Sustainability and Regeneration; The Science Centre; Staffordshire University; Room 113, Leek Road Stoke-on-Trent ST4 2DF UK
| | - Chris Carbone
- Institute of Zoology; Zoological Society of London; Regent's Park London NW1 4RY UK
| | - Nick J. B. Isaac
- NERC Centre for Ecology & Hydrology; Maclean Building Crowmarsh Gifford Wallingford OX10 8BB UK
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76
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Moreira EF, Boscolo D, Viana BF. Spatial heterogeneity regulates plant-pollinator networks across multiple landscape scales. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123628. [PMID: 25856293 PMCID: PMC4391788 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutualistic plant-pollinator interactions play a key role in biodiversity conservation and ecosystem functioning. In a community, the combination of these interactions can generate emergent properties, e.g., robustness and resilience to disturbances such as fluctuations in populations and extinctions. Given that these systems are hierarchical and complex, environmental changes must have multiple levels of influence. In addition, changes in habitat quality and in the landscape structure are important threats to plants, pollinators and their interactions. However, despite the importance of these phenomena for the understanding of biological systems, as well as for conservation and management strategies, few studies have empirically evaluated these effects at the network level. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the influence of local conditions and landscape structure at multiple scales on the characteristics of plant-pollinator networks. This study was conducted in agri-natural lands in Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Brazil. Pollinators were collected in 27 sampling units distributed orthogonally along a gradient of proportion of agriculture and landscape diversity. The Akaike information criterion was used to select models that best fit the metrics for network characteristics, comparing four hypotheses represented by a set of a priori candidate models with specific combinations of the proportion of agriculture, the average shape of the landscape elements, the diversity of the landscape and the structure of local vegetation. The results indicate that a reduction of habitat quality and landscape heterogeneity can cause species loss and decrease of networks nestedness. These structural changes can reduce robustness and resilience of plant-pollinator networks what compromises the reproductive success of plants, the maintenance of biodiversity and the pollination service stability. We also discuss the possible explanations for these relationships and the implications for landscape planning in agricultural areas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Danilo Boscolo
- Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Literature of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, FFCLRP-USP, São Paulo, Brazil
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77
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Kremen C, M'Gonigle LK. EDITOR'S CHOICE: Small-scale restoration in intensive agricultural landscapes supports more specialized and less mobile pollinator species. J Appl Ecol 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.12418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claire Kremen
- Department of Environmental Sciences; Policy and Management; University of California; 130 Mulford Hall Berkeley CA 94720-3114 USA
| | - Leithen K. M'Gonigle
- Department of Environmental Sciences; Policy and Management; University of California; 130 Mulford Hall Berkeley CA 94720-3114 USA
- Department of Biological Science; Florida State University; Tallahassee FL 32306 USA
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78
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Perović D, Gámez-Virués S, Börschig C, Klein AM, Krauss J, Steckel J, Rothenwöhrer C, Erasmi S, Tscharntke T, Westphal C. Configurational landscape heterogeneity shapes functional community composition of grassland butterflies. J Appl Ecol 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.12394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Perović
- Agroecology; Department of Crop Science; Georg-August-University Göttingen; Göttingen Germany
| | - Sagrario Gámez-Virués
- Agroecology; Department of Crop Science; Georg-August-University Göttingen; Göttingen Germany
| | - Carmen Börschig
- Agroecology; Department of Crop Science; Georg-August-University Göttingen; Göttingen Germany
| | - Alexandra-Maria Klein
- Nature Conservation and Landscape Ecology; Institute of Earth and Environmental Sciences; University of Freiburg; Freiburg Germany
| | - Jochen Krauss
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology; Biocentre; University of Würzburg; Würzburg Germany
| | - Juliane Steckel
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology; Biocentre; University of Würzburg; Würzburg Germany
| | - Christoph Rothenwöhrer
- Agroecology; Department of Crop Science; Georg-August-University Göttingen; Göttingen Germany
| | - Stefan Erasmi
- Institute of Geography Cartography; GIS & Remote Sensing Department Georg-August-University; Göttingen Germany
| | - Teja Tscharntke
- Agroecology; Department of Crop Science; Georg-August-University Göttingen; Göttingen Germany
| | - Catrin Westphal
- Agroecology; Department of Crop Science; Georg-August-University Göttingen; Göttingen Germany
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79
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Truchy A, Angeler DG, Sponseller RA, Johnson RK, McKie BG. Linking Biodiversity, Ecosystem Functioning and Services, and Ecological Resilience. ADV ECOL RES 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aecr.2015.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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80
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Astegiano J, Guimarães PR, Cheptou PO, Vidal MM, Mandai CY, Ashworth L, Massol F. Persistence of Plants and Pollinators in the Face of Habitat Loss. ADV ECOL RES 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aecr.2015.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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81
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Matthews TJ, Whittaker RJ. REVIEW: On the species abundance distribution in applied ecology and biodiversity management. J Appl Ecol 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.12380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J. Matthews
- Conservation Biogeography and Macroecology Group; School of Geography and the Environment; University of Oxford; South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QY UK
- Azorean Biodiversity Group (ABG; CITA-A) and Portuguese Platform for Enhancing Ecological Research & Sustainability (PEERS); Departamento de Ciências Agrárias; University of the Azores; Rua Capitão João d′Ávila Pico da Urze 9700-042 Angra do Heroísmo Portugal
| | - Robert J. Whittaker
- Conservation Biogeography and Macroecology Group; School of Geography and the Environment; University of Oxford; South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QY UK
- Center for Macroecology; Evolution and Climate; Department of Biology; University of Copenhagen; Universitetsparken 15 DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø Denmark
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82
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Blaauw BR, Isaacs R. Larger patches of diverse floral resources increase insect pollinator density, diversity, and their pollination of native wildflowers. Basic Appl Ecol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2014.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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83
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Motzke I, Tscharntke T, Wanger TC, Klein AM. Pollination mitigates cucumber yield gaps more than pesticide and fertilizer use in tropical smallholder gardens. J Appl Ecol 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.12357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Iris Motzke
- Department of Crop Sciences; Agroecology; University of Göttingen; Grisebachstr. 6 37077 Göttingen Germany
- Nature Conservation and Landscape Ecology; Institute of Earth and Environmental Sciences; University of Freiburg; Tennenbacher Str. 4 79106 Freiburg Germany
| | - Teja Tscharntke
- Department of Crop Sciences; Agroecology; University of Göttingen; Grisebachstr. 6 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Thomas C. Wanger
- Institute of Ecology; Ecosystem Functions; Leuphana University; Scharnhorststr. 1 21335 Lüneburg Germany
- Department of Biology; Center for Conservation Biology; Stanford University; 371 Serra Mall Stanford CA 94305-5020 USA
| | - Alexandra-Maria Klein
- Nature Conservation and Landscape Ecology; Institute of Earth and Environmental Sciences; University of Freiburg; Tennenbacher Str. 4 79106 Freiburg Germany
- Institute of Ecology; Ecosystem Functions; Leuphana University; Scharnhorststr. 1 21335 Lüneburg Germany
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84
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Vanbergen AJ. Landscape alteration and habitat modification: impacts on plant-pollinator systems. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2014; 5:44-49. [PMID: 32846741 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2014.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Insect pollinators provide an important ecosystem service to many crop species and underpin the reproductive assurance of many wild plant species. Multiple, anthropogenic pressures threaten insect pollinators. Land-use change and intensification alters the habitats and landscapes that provide food and nesting resources for pollinators. These impacts vary according to species traits, producing winners and losers, while the intrinsic robustness of plant-pollinator networks may provide stability in pollination function. However, this functional stability might be eroded by multiple, interacting stressors. Anthropogenic changes in pollinator-mediated connectivity will alter plant mating systems (e.g. inbreeding level), with implications for plant fitness and phenotypes governing trophic interactions. The degree to which plant populations can persist despite, or adapt to, pollination deficits remains unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J Vanbergen
- NERC Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Bush Estate, Edinburgh EH26 0QB, UK.
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85
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Trait-specific responses of wild bee communities to landscape composition, configuration and local factors. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104439. [PMID: 25137311 PMCID: PMC4138035 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Land-use intensification and loss of semi-natural habitats have induced a severe decline of bee diversity in agricultural landscapes. Semi-natural habitats like calcareous grasslands are among the most important bee habitats in central Europe, but they are threatened by decreasing habitat area and quality, and by homogenization of the surrounding landscape affecting both landscape composition and configuration. In this study we tested the importance of habitat area, quality and connectivity as well as landscape composition and configuration on wild bees in calcareous grasslands. We made detailed trait-specific analyses as bees with different traits might differ in their response to the tested factors. Species richness and abundance of wild bees were surveyed on 23 calcareous grassland patches in Southern Germany with independent gradients in local and landscape factors. Total wild bee richness was positively affected by complex landscape configuration, large habitat area and high habitat quality (i.e. steep slopes). Cuckoo bee richness was positively affected by complex landscape configuration and large habitat area whereas habitat specialists were only affected by the local factors habitat area and habitat quality. Small social generalists were positively influenced by habitat area whereas large social generalists (bumblebees) were positively affected by landscape composition (high percentage of semi-natural habitats). Our results emphasize a strong dependence of habitat specialists on local habitat characteristics, whereas cuckoo bees and bumblebees are more likely affected by the surrounding landscape. We conclude that a combination of large high-quality patches and heterogeneous landscapes maintains high bee species richness and communities with diverse trait composition. Such diverse communities might stabilize pollination services provided to crops and wild plants on local and landscape scales.
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86
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Clough Y, Ekroos J, Báldi A, Batáry P, Bommarco R, Gross N, Holzschuh A, Hopfenmüller S, Knop E, Kuussaari M, Lindborg R, Marini L, Öckinger E, Potts SG, Pöyry J, Roberts SPM, Steffan-Dewenter I, Smith HG. Density of insect-pollinated grassland plants decreases with increasing surrounding land-use intensity. Ecol Lett 2014; 17:1168-77. [DOI: 10.1111/ele.12325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2014] [Revised: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yann Clough
- Centre for Environmental and Climate Research; Lund University; Lund Sweden
- Agroecology, Department of Crop Science; University of Göttingen; Göttingen Germany
| | - Johan Ekroos
- Centre for Environmental and Climate Research; Lund University; Lund Sweden
| | - András Báldi
- MTA Centre for Ecological Research; Lendület Ecosystem Services Research Group; Vácrátót Hungary
| | - Péter Batáry
- Agroecology, Department of Crop Science; University of Göttingen; Göttingen Germany
| | - Riccardo Bommarco
- Department of Ecology; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; Uppsala Sweden
| | - Nicolas Gross
- CEBC - CNRS (UPR 1934); Villiers en Bois, F-79360 Beauvoir sur Niort France
- INRA, USC1339, CEBC; Villiers en Bois, F-79360 Beauvoir sur Niort France
| | - Andrea Holzschuh
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology; Biocentre; University of Würzburg; Würzburg Germany
| | - Sebastian Hopfenmüller
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology; Biocentre; University of Würzburg; Würzburg Germany
| | - Eva Knop
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution; University of Bern; Bern Switzerland
| | - Mikko Kuussaari
- Ecosystem Change Unit; Finnish Environment Institute; Helsinki Finland
| | - Regina Lindborg
- Department of Physical Geography and Quaternary Geology; Stockholm University; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Lorenzo Marini
- DAFNAE; University of Padova; viale dell'Università 16 Padova 35020 Italy
| | - Erik Öckinger
- Department of Ecology; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; Uppsala Sweden
| | - Simon G Potts
- School of Agriculture, Policy and Development; University of Reading; Reading UK
| | - Juha Pöyry
- Ecosystem Change Unit; Finnish Environment Institute; Helsinki Finland
| | - Stuart PM Roberts
- School of Agriculture, Policy and Development; University of Reading; Reading UK
| | - Ingolf Steffan-Dewenter
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology; Biocentre; University of Würzburg; Würzburg Germany
| | - Henrik G Smith
- Centre for Environmental and Climate Research; Lund University; Lund Sweden
- Department of Biology; Lund University; Lund Sweden
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87
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Matthews TJ, Cottee‐Jones HE, Whittaker RJ. Habitat fragmentation and the species–area relationship: a focus on total species richness obscures the impact of habitat loss on habitat specialists. DIVERS DISTRIB 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J. Matthews
- Conservation Biogeography and Macroecology Group School of Geography and the Environment University of Oxford South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QY UK
- Azorean Biodiversity Group (ABG CITA‐A) and Portuguese Platform for Enhancing Ecological Research & Sustainability (PEERS) Departamento de Ciências Agrárias University of the Azores Rua Capitão João d′Ávila Pico da Urze 9700‐042 Angra do Heroísmo Portugal
| | - H. Eden Cottee‐Jones
- Conservation Biogeography and Macroecology Group School of Geography and the Environment University of Oxford South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QY UK
| | - Robert J. Whittaker
- Conservation Biogeography and Macroecology Group School of Geography and the Environment University of Oxford South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QY UK
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate Department of Biology University of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 15 DK‐2100 Copenhagen Ø Denmark
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88
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The winners and losers of land use intensification: pollinator community disassembly is non-random and alters functional diversity. DIVERS DISTRIB 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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89
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Montero-Castaño A, Vilà M, Ortiz-Sánchez FJ. Pollination ecology of a plant in its native and introduced areas. ACTA OECOLOGICA-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2014.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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90
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Rabelo LS, Vilhena AMGF, Bastos EMAF, Augusto SC. Differentiated use of pollen sources by two sympatric species of oil-collecting bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae). J NAT HIST 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2014.886342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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91
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Bommarco R, Lindborg R, Marini L, Öckinger E. Extinction debt for plants and flower-visiting insects in landscapes with contrasting land use history. DIVERS DISTRIB 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Bommarco
- Department of Ecology; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; SE-75007 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Regina Lindborg
- Department of Physical Geography and Quaternary Geology; Stockholm University; SE-106 91 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Lorenzo Marini
- University of Padova; DAFNAE; 35020 Legnaro Padova Italy
| | - Erik Öckinger
- Department of Ecology; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; SE-75007 Uppsala Sweden
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92
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E. Benjamin F, R. Reilly J, Winfree R. Pollinator body size mediates the scale at which land use drives crop pollination services. J Appl Ecol 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.12198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Faye E. Benjamin
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Natural Resources, Rutgers; The State University of New Jersey; New Brunswick NJ 08901 USA
| | - James R. Reilly
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Natural Resources, Rutgers; The State University of New Jersey; New Brunswick NJ 08901 USA
| | - Rachael Winfree
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Natural Resources, Rutgers; The State University of New Jersey; New Brunswick NJ 08901 USA
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93
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Bailey S, Requier F, Nusillard B, Roberts SPM, Potts SG, Bouget C. Distance from forest edge affects bee pollinators in oilseed rape fields. Ecol Evol 2014; 4:370-80. [PMID: 24634722 PMCID: PMC3936384 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Revised: 10/05/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Wild pollinators have been shown to enhance the pollination of Brassica napus (oilseed rape) and thus increase its market value. Several studies have previously shown that pollination services are greater in crops adjoining forest patches or other seminatural habitats than in crops completely surrounded by other crops. In this study, we investigated the specific importance of forest edges in providing potential pollinators in B. napus fields in two areas in France. Bees were caught with yellow pan traps at increasing distances from both warm and cold forest edges into B. napus fields during the blooming period. A total of 4594 individual bees, representing six families and 83 taxa, were collected. We found that both bee abundance and taxa richness were negatively affected by the distance from forest edge. However, responses varied between bee groups and edge orientations. The ITD (Inter-Tegular distance) of the species, a good proxy for bee foraging range, seems to limit how far the bees can travel from the forest edge. We found a greater abundance of cuckoo bees (Nomada spp.) of Andrena spp. and Andrena spp. males at forest edges, which we assume indicate suitable nesting sites, or at least mating sites, for some abundant Andrena species and their parasites (Fig. 1). Synthesis and Applications. This study provides one of the first examples in temperate ecosystems of how forest edges may actually act as a reservoir of potential pollinators and directly benefit agricultural crops by providing nesting or mating sites for important early spring pollinators. Policy-makers and land managers should take forest edges into account and encourage their protection in the agricultural matrix to promote wild bees and their pollination services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Bailey
- National Research Institute Sciences & Technologies Environment & Agriculture Irstea, Res Unit Biodiversity 45290, Nogent-sur-Vernisson, France
| | - Fabrice Requier
- UE Entomologie, INRA, UE 1255 F-17700, Surgères, France ; Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, CNRS, UPR 1934 79360, Beauvoir sur Niort, France
| | - Benoît Nusillard
- National Research Institute Sciences & Technologies Environment & Agriculture Irstea, Res Unit Biodiversity 45290, Nogent-sur-Vernisson, France
| | - Stuart P M Roberts
- Centre for Agri-Environmental Research (CAER), University of Reading Reading, U.K
| | - Simon G Potts
- Centre for Agri-Environmental Research (CAER), University of Reading Reading, U.K
| | - Christophe Bouget
- National Research Institute Sciences & Technologies Environment & Agriculture Irstea, Res Unit Biodiversity 45290, Nogent-sur-Vernisson, France
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94
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Spiesman BJ, Inouye BD. Habitat loss alters the architecture of plant–pollinator interaction networks. Ecology 2013; 94:2688-96. [DOI: 10.1890/13-0977.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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95
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Woodcock BA, Harrower C, Redhead J, Edwards M, Vanbergen AJ, Heard MS, Roy DB, Pywell RF. National patterns of functional diversity and redundancy in predatory ground beetles and bees associated with key UK arable crops. J Appl Ecol 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.12171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ben A. Woodcock
- NERC Centre for Ecology & Hydrology; Maclean Building Crowmarsh Gifford Wallingford Oxfordshire OX10 8BB UK
| | - Collin Harrower
- NERC Centre for Ecology & Hydrology; Maclean Building Crowmarsh Gifford Wallingford Oxfordshire OX10 8BB UK
| | - John Redhead
- NERC Centre for Ecology & Hydrology; Maclean Building Crowmarsh Gifford Wallingford Oxfordshire OX10 8BB UK
| | - Mike Edwards
- Leaside Carron Lane; Midhurst West Sussex GU29 9LB UK
| | - Adam J. Vanbergen
- NERC Centre for Ecology & Hydrology; Bush Estate Penicuik Edinburgh EH260QB UK
| | - Matthew S. Heard
- NERC Centre for Ecology & Hydrology; Maclean Building Crowmarsh Gifford Wallingford Oxfordshire OX10 8BB UK
| | - David B. Roy
- NERC Centre for Ecology & Hydrology; Maclean Building Crowmarsh Gifford Wallingford Oxfordshire OX10 8BB UK
| | - Richard F. Pywell
- NERC Centre for Ecology & Hydrology; Maclean Building Crowmarsh Gifford Wallingford Oxfordshire OX10 8BB UK
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96
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Andersson P, Löfstedt C, Hambäck PA. Insect density-plant density relationships: a modified view of insect responses to resource concentrations. Oecologia 2013; 173:1333-44. [PMID: 23881513 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-013-2737-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Habitat area is an important predictor of spatial variation in animal densities. However, the area often correlates with the quantity of resources within habitats, complicating our understanding of the factors shaping animal distributions. We addressed this problem by investigating densities of insect herbivores in habitat patches with a constant area but varying numbers of plants. Using a mathematical model, predictions of scale-dependent immigration and emigration rates for insects into patches with different densities of host plants were derived. Moreover, a field experiment was conducted where the scaling properties of odour-mediated attraction in relation to the number of odour sources were estimated, in order to derive a prediction of immigration rates of olfactory searchers. The theoretical model predicted that we should expect immigration rates of contact and visual searchers to be determined by patch area, with a steep scaling coefficient, μ = -1. The field experiment suggested that olfactory searchers should show a less steep scaling coefficient, with μ ≈ -0.5. A parameter estimation and analysis of published data revealed a correspondence between observations and predictions, and density-variation among groups could largely be explained by search behaviour. Aphids showed scaling coefficients corresponding to the prediction for contact/visual searchers, whereas moths, flies and beetles corresponded to the prediction for olfactory searchers. As density responses varied considerably among groups, and variation could be explained by a certain trait, we conclude that a general theory of insect responses to habitat heterogeneity should be based on shared traits, rather than a general prediction for all species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petter Andersson
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden,
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97
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Slade EM, Merckx T, Riutta T, Bebber DP, Redhead D, Riordan P, Macdonald DW. Life-history traits and landscape characteristics predict macro-moth responses to forest fragmentation. Ecology 2013; 94:1519-30. [DOI: 10.1890/12-1366.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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98
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Nichols E, Uriarte M, Bunker DE, Favila ME, Slade EM, Vulinec K, Larsen T, Vaz-de-Mello FZ, Louzada J, Naeem S, Spector SH. Trait-dependent response of dung beetle populations to tropical forest conversion at local and regional scales. Ecology 2013; 94:180-9. [PMID: 23600252 DOI: 10.1890/12-0251.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Comparative analyses that link information on species' traits, environmental change, and organism response have rarely identified unambiguous trait correlates of vulnerability. We tested if species' traits could predict local-scale changes in dung beetle population response to three levels of forest conversion intensity within and across two biogeographic regions (the Neotropics and Afro-Eurasian tropics). We combined biodiversity surveys, a global molecular phylogeny, and information on three species' traits hypothesized to influence vulnerability to forest conversion to examine (1) the consistency of beetle population response across regions, (2) if species' traits could predict this response, and (3) the cross-regional consistency of trait-response relationships. Most beetle populations declined following any degree of forest conversion; these declines were strongest for Neotropical species. The relationship between traits and population trend was greatly influenced by local and biogeographic context. We discuss the ability of species' traits to explain population trends and suggest several ways to strengthen trait-response models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Nichols
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA.
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99
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Scheper J, Holzschuh A, Kuussaari M, Potts SG, Rundlöf M, Smith HG, Kleijn D. Environmental factors driving the effectiveness of European agri-environmental measures in mitigating pollinator loss--a meta-analysis. Ecol Lett 2013; 16:912-20. [PMID: 23714393 DOI: 10.1111/ele.12128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 321] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Revised: 03/10/2013] [Accepted: 04/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
In Europe, agri-environmental schemes (AES) have been introduced in response to concerns about farmland biodiversity declines. Yet, as AES have delivered variable results, a better understanding of what determines their success or failure is urgently needed. Focusing on pollinating insects, we quantitatively reviewed how environmental factors affect the effectiveness of AES. Our results suggest that the ecological contrast in floral resources created by schemes drives the response of pollinators to AES but that this response is moderated by landscape context and farmland type, with more positive responses in croplands (vs. grasslands) located in simple (vs. cleared or complex) landscapes. These findings inform us how to promote pollinators and associated pollination services in species-poor landscapes. They do not, however, present viable strategies to mitigate loss of threatened or endangered species. This indicates that the objectives and design of AES should distinguish more clearly between biodiversity conservation and delivery of ecosystem services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen Scheper
- Alterra, Animal Ecology Team, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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100
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Shackelford G, Steward PR, Benton TG, Kunin WE, Potts SG, Biesmeijer JC, Sait SM. Comparison of pollinators and natural enemies: a meta-analysis of landscape and local effects on abundance and richness in crops. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2013; 88:1002-21. [DOI: 10.1111/brv.12040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2012] [Revised: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gorm Shackelford
- Faculty of Biological Sciences; University of Leeds; Leeds LS2 9JT U.K
| | - Peter R. Steward
- Faculty of Biological Sciences; University of Leeds; Leeds LS2 9JT U.K
| | - Tim G. Benton
- Faculty of Biological Sciences; University of Leeds; Leeds LS2 9JT U.K
| | - William E. Kunin
- Faculty of Biological Sciences; University of Leeds; Leeds LS2 9JT U.K
| | - Simon G. Potts
- Centre for Agri-Environmental Research, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development; University of Reading; Reading RG6 6AR U.K
| | - Jacobus C. Biesmeijer
- Faculty of Biological Sciences; University of Leeds; Leeds LS2 9JT U.K
- Netherlands Centre for Biodiversity; NCB-Naturalis; NL-2300 RA Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Steven M. Sait
- Faculty of Biological Sciences; University of Leeds; Leeds LS2 9JT U.K
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