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Dai H, Lu X, Peng L, Li X, Dai Z. Enrichment culture of denitrifying phosphorus removal sludge and its microbial community analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2017; 38:2800-2810. [PMID: 28041535 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2016.1278276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
An efficient one-step domestication method with mixed electron acceptors and short-time post-aeration was developed for the enrichment culture of denitrifying phosphorus removal sludge. The acclimation time, performance of nitrogen and phosphorus simultaneous removal and microbial community structure were investigated to reveal the difference among the obtained phosphorus removal sludge using different acclimation ways. Results showed that the proposed method with optimal proportion of nitrite and nitrate could significantly shorten domestication time (28 days) compared with the traditional two-step method (60 days), but exerted nearly no influence on the removal efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus. High-throughput sequencing revealed that similar microbial community structure of DPAOs sludge was obtained with different acclimation methods. Compared with seed sludge, microbial community shifted obviously, and the dominant microbial population of Dechloromonas-related phosphorus removal bacteria increased significantly. It could be inferred that the appropriate concentration of nitrite was conducive to the rapid enrichment of DPAOs under alternative anaerobic/anoxic operation. Meanwhile, anaerobic/oxic condition was favorable for the enrichment of Candidatus Accumulibacter-related phosphorus removal organisms, and short-time post-aeration in the proposed method could reduce the potential public health hazard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Dai
- a School of Energy and Environment , Southeast University , Nanjing , China
- b ERC Taihu Lake Water Environment (Wuxi) , Wuxi , China
| | - Xiwu Lu
- a School of Energy and Environment , Southeast University , Nanjing , China
- b ERC Taihu Lake Water Environment (Wuxi) , Wuxi , China
| | - Lihong Peng
- a School of Energy and Environment , Southeast University , Nanjing , China
- b ERC Taihu Lake Water Environment (Wuxi) , Wuxi , China
| | - Xiang Li
- a School of Energy and Environment , Southeast University , Nanjing , China
- b ERC Taihu Lake Water Environment (Wuxi) , Wuxi , China
| | - Zheqin Dai
- a School of Energy and Environment , Southeast University , Nanjing , China
- b ERC Taihu Lake Water Environment (Wuxi) , Wuxi , China
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52
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Dai H, Wu Y, Peng L, Dai Z, Li X, Lu X. Effects of calcium on the performance, bacterial population and microbial metabolism of a denitrifying phosphorus removal system. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 243:828-835. [PMID: 28724254 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A sequencing batch reactor was operated to study the effects of influent Ca2+ on the efficiency, bacterial population, and microbial metabolism of denitrifying phosphorus removal system. Results showed that high Ca2+ loading (≥80mg/L) significantly inhibited the performance of simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal. The abundance of phosphorus removal-related organisms (Dechloromonas and Candidatus Accumulibacter) decreased with increasing Ca2+ concentration from 20 to 140mg/L, while the abundance of glycogen-accumulating organisms and other bacteria increased. Metabolomic analyses revealed that the metabolic profiles of microbial community were also affected by high influent Ca2+ concentrations. 3-Hydroxybutyrate, acetate, alanine, and glutamate were the main differentiated metabolites in the system. An accumulation of amino acids and a reduction of nucleotides and amines were important response to high Ca2+ loading. Long-term Ca2+ loading had a reversible effect on the denitrifying phosphorus removal system as it could revive after a 50-day recovery process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Dai
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, No. 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing 210096, China; ERC Taihu Lake Water Environment (Wuxi), No. 99 Linghu Road, Wuxi 214135, China
| | - Yifeng Wu
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, No. 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing 210096, China; ERC Taihu Lake Water Environment (Wuxi), No. 99 Linghu Road, Wuxi 214135, China
| | - Lihong Peng
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, No. 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing 210096, China; ERC Taihu Lake Water Environment (Wuxi), No. 99 Linghu Road, Wuxi 214135, China
| | - Zheqin Dai
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, No. 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing 210096, China; ERC Taihu Lake Water Environment (Wuxi), No. 99 Linghu Road, Wuxi 214135, China
| | - Xiang Li
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, No. 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing 210096, China; ERC Taihu Lake Water Environment (Wuxi), No. 99 Linghu Road, Wuxi 214135, China
| | - Xiwu Lu
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, No. 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing 210096, China; ERC Taihu Lake Water Environment (Wuxi), No. 99 Linghu Road, Wuxi 214135, China.
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53
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Zhang Y, Yu M, Guo J, Wu D, Hua ZS, Chen GH, Lu H. Spatiotemporal heterogeneity of core functional bacteria and their synergetic and competitive interactions in denitrifying sulfur conversion-assisted enhanced biological phosphorus removal. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10927. [PMID: 28883665 PMCID: PMC5589776 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11448-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Denitrifying sulfur conversion-assisted enhanced biological phosphorus removal (DS-EBPR) has recently been developed for simultaneously removing nitrogen and phosphorus from saline sewage with minimal sludge production. This novel process could potentially enable sustainable wastewater treatment. Yet, the core functional bacteria and their roles are unknown. Here, we used high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing coupled with principal coordinates analysis and ANOVA with Tukey's test to unravel the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of functional bacteria and their synergetic and competitive interactions. We did not find any obvious spatial heterogeneity within the bacterial population in different size-fractionated sludge samples, but the main functional bacteria varied significantly with operation time. Thauera was enriched (9.26~13.63%) as become the core functional genus in the DS-EBPR reactors and links denitrifying phosphorus removal to sulfide oxidation. The other two functional genera were sulfate-reducing Desulfobacter (4.31~12.85%) and nitrate-reducing and sulfide-oxidizing Thiobacillus (4.79~9.92%). These bacteria cooperated in the DS-EBPR process: Desulfobacter reduced sulfate to sulfide for utilization by Thiobacillus, while Thauera and Thiobacillus competed for nitrate and sulfide as well as Thauera and Desulfobacter competed for acetate. This study is the first to unravel the interactions among core functional bacteria in DS-EBPR, thus improving our understanding of how this removal process works.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology (Sun Yat-sen University), Guangzhou, 510275, PR China
| | - Mei Yu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology (Sun Yat-sen University), Guangzhou, 510275, PR China
| | - Jianhua Guo
- Advanced Water Management Centre (AWMC), The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control and Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution (Hong Kong Branch), Fok Ying Tung Research Institute, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, PR China.
| | - Zheng-Shuang Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Dynamics and Conservation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Ecology and Evolution, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Guang-Hao Chen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control and Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution (Hong Kong Branch), Fok Ying Tung Research Institute, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Hui Lu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology (Sun Yat-sen University), Guangzhou, 510275, PR China.
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54
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Cervantes-Barragan L, Chai JN, Tianero MD, Di Luccia B, Ahern PP, Merriman J, Cortez VS, Caparon MG, Donia MS, Gilfillan S, Cella M, Gordon JI, Hsieh CS, Colonna M. Lactobacillus reuteri induces gut intraepithelial CD4 +CD8αα + T cells. Science 2017; 357. [PMID: 28775213 PMCID: PMC5687812 DOI: 10.1126/science.aah5825 10.1126/science.aah5825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The small intestine contains CD4+CD8αα+ double-positive intraepithelial lymphocytes (DP IELs), which originate from intestinal CD4+ T cells through down-regulation of the transcription factor Thpok and have regulatory functions. DP IELs are absent in germ-free mice, which suggests that their differentiation depends on microbial factors. We found that DP IEL numbers in mice varied in different vivaria, correlating with the presence of Lactobacillus reuteri This species induced DP IELs in germ-free mice and conventionally-raised mice lacking these cells. L. reuteri did not shape the DP-IEL-TCR (TCR, T cell receptor) repertoire but generated indole derivatives of tryptophan that activated the aryl-hydrocarbon receptor in CD4+ T cells, allowing Thpok down-regulation and differentiation into DP IELs. Thus, L. reuteri, together with a tryptophan-rich diet, can reprogram intraepithelial CD4+ T cells into immunoregulatory T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Cervantes-Barragan
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110
| | - Jiani N. Chai
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110,Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110
| | - Ma. Diarey Tianero
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Blanda Di Luccia
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110
| | - Philip P. Ahern
- Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA,Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Joseph Merriman
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110
| | - Victor S. Cortez
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110
| | - Michael G Caparon
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110
| | - Mohamed S Donia
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Susan Gilfillan
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110
| | - Marina Cella
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110
| | - Jeffrey I. Gordon
- Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA,Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Chyi-Song Hsieh
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110,Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110
| | - Marco Colonna
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110,Correspondence to: Marco Colonna, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid St Louis, MO 63110. Tel: 314-362-0367; FAX: 314-747-0809;
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55
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Cervantes-Barragan L, Chai JN, Tianero MD, Di Luccia B, Ahern PP, Merriman J, Cortez VS, Caparon MG, Donia MS, Gilfillan S, Cella M, Gordon JI, Hsieh CS, Colonna M. Lactobacillus reuteri induces gut intraepithelial CD4 +CD8αα + T cells. Science 2017; 357:806-810. [PMID: 28775213 DOI: 10.1126/science.aah5825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 546] [Impact Index Per Article: 78.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The small intestine contains CD4+CD8αα+ double-positive intraepithelial lymphocytes (DP IELs), which originate from intestinal CD4+ T cells through down-regulation of the transcription factor Thpok and have regulatory functions. DP IELs are absent in germ-free mice, which suggests that their differentiation depends on microbial factors. We found that DP IEL numbers in mice varied in different vivaria, correlating with the presence of Lactobacillus reuteri This species induced DP IELs in germ-free mice and conventionally-raised mice lacking these cells. L. reuteri did not shape the DP-IEL-TCR (TCR, T cell receptor) repertoire but generated indole derivatives of tryptophan that activated the aryl-hydrocarbon receptor in CD4+ T cells, allowing Thpok down-regulation and differentiation into DP IELs. Thus, L. reuteri, together with a tryptophan-rich diet, can reprogram intraepithelial CD4+ T cells into immunoregulatory T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Cervantes-Barragan
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jiani N Chai
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Ma Diarey Tianero
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Blanda Di Luccia
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Philip P Ahern
- Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.,Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Joseph Merriman
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Victor S Cortez
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Michael G Caparon
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Mohamed S Donia
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Susan Gilfillan
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Marina Cella
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jeffrey I Gordon
- Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.,Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Chyi-Song Hsieh
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Marco Colonna
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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56
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Feng S, Tan CH, Constancias F, Kohli GS, Cohen Y, Rice SA. Predation by Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus significantly reduces viability and alters the microbial community composition of activated sludge flocs and granules. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2017; 93:3044202. [PMID: 28334102 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fix020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
We recently isolated and characterised a predatory Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus strain from activated sludge (Ulu Pandan Water Reclamation Plant, Singapore), and this strain, B. bacteriovorus UP, was able to prey upon a broad spectrum of bacterial isolates from the activated sludge when grown as planktonic cells or as biofilms. Here, we have tested the effect of Bdellovibrio predation on floccular and granular sludge to determine if the spatial organisation, loosely or tightly aggregated communities, was protective from predation. The effect of predation was assessed using a combination of biomass quantification, cellular activity measurement and microscopic image analysis to determine community viability. Additionally, changes in the microbial communities due to predation by B. bacteriovorus UP were analysed through total RNA sequencing. Predation led to a significant reduction in microbial activity and total biomass for both floccular and granular sludge communities. Predation was also associated with significant changes in the microbial community composition in both communities, with >90% of the community members reduced in relative abundance after 24 h. Of those community members, the dominant organisms, such as Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes, were the most affected phylotypes. This suggests that predatory bacteria, which display indiscriminant feeding, could significantly shift the species composition and thus, may disturb the operational performance of wastewater treatment systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shugeng Feng
- The Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Chuan Hao Tan
- The Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore.,The School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Florentin Constancias
- The Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Gurjeet S Kohli
- The Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Yehuda Cohen
- The Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Scott A Rice
- The Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore.,The School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore.,The Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation, The School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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57
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Shen N, Chen Y, Zhou Y. Multi-cycle operation of enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) with different carbon sources under high temperature. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 114:308-315. [PMID: 28259067 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.02.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Many studies reported that it is challenging to apply enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) process at high temperature. Glycogen accumulating organisms (GAOs) could easily gain their dominance over poly-phosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs) when the operating temperature was in the range of 25 °C-30 °C. However, a few successful EBPR processes operated at high temperature have been reported recently. This study aimed to have an in-depth understanding on the impact of feeding strategy and carbon source types on EBPR performance in tropical climate. P-removal performance of two EBPR systems was monitored through tracking effluent quality and cyclic studies. The results confirmed that EBPR was successfully obtained and maintained at high temperature with a multi-cycle strategy. More stable performance was observed with acetate as the sole carbon source compared to propionate. Stoichiometric ratios of phosphorus and carbon transformation during both anaerobic and aerobic phases were higher at high temperature than low temperature (20±1 °C) except anaerobic PHA/C ratios within most of the sub-cycles. Furthermore, the fractions of PHA and glycogen in biomass were lower compared with one-cycle pulse feed operation. The microbial community structure was more stable in acetate-fed sequencing batch reactor (C2-SBR) than that in propionate-fed reactor (C3-SBR). Accumulibacter Clade IIC was found to be highly abundant in both reactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Shen
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, 637141, Singapore; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Yun Chen
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, 637141, Singapore
| | - Yan Zhou
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, 637141, Singapore; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore.
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58
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Stokholm-Bjerregaard M, McIlroy SJ, Nierychlo M, Karst SM, Albertsen M, Nielsen PH. A Critical Assessment of the Microorganisms Proposed to be Important to Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal in Full-Scale Wastewater Treatment Systems. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:718. [PMID: 28496434 PMCID: PMC5406452 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the microbiology of phosphorus (P) removal is considered essential to knowledge-based optimization of enhanced biological P removal (EBPR) systems. Biological P removal is achieved in these systems by promoting the growth of organisms collectively known as the polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs). Also considered important to EBPR are the glycogen accumulating organisms (GAOs), which are theorized to compete with the PAOs for resources at the expense of P removal efficiency. Numerous studies have sought to identify the PAOs and their GAOs competitors, with several candidates proposed for each over the last few decades. The current study collectively assessed the abundance and diversity of all proposed PAOs and GAOs in 18 Danish full-scale wastewater treatment plants with well-working biological nutrient removal over a period of 9 years using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. The microbial community structure in all plants was relatively stable over time. Evidence for the role of the proposed PAOs and GAOs in EBPR varies and is critically assessed, in light of their calculated amplicon abundances, to indicate which of these are important in full-scale systems. Bacteria from the genus Tetrasphaera were the most abundant of the PAOs. The “Candidatus Accumulibacter” PAOs were in much lower abundance and appear to be biased by the amplicon-based method applied. The genera Dechloromonas, Microlunatus, and Tessaracoccus were identified as abundant putative PAO that require further research attention. Interestingly, the actinobacterial Micropruina and sbr-gs28 phylotypes were among the most abundant of the putative GAOs. Members of the genera Defluviicoccus, Propionivibrio, the family Competibacteraceae, and the spb280 group were also relatively abundant in some plants. Despite observed high abundances of GAOs (periodically exceeding 20% of the amplicon reads), P removal performance was maintained, indicating that these organisms were not outcompeting the PAOs in these EBPR systems. Phylogenetic diversity within each of the PAOs and GAOs genera was observed, which is consistent with reported metabolic diversity for these. Whether or not key traits can be assigned to sub-genus level clades requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikkel Stokholm-Bjerregaard
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg UniversityAalborg, Denmark
| | - Simon J McIlroy
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg UniversityAalborg, Denmark
| | - Marta Nierychlo
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg UniversityAalborg, Denmark
| | - Søren M Karst
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg UniversityAalborg, Denmark
| | - Mads Albertsen
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg UniversityAalborg, Denmark
| | - Per H Nielsen
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg UniversityAalborg, Denmark
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59
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Zhang Y, Islam MS, McPhedran K, Dong S, Rashed EM, El-Shafei MM, Noureldin AM, Gamal El-Din M. A comparative study of microbial dynamics and phosphorus removal for a two side-stream wastewater treatment processes. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra07610j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A side-stream process with anoxic/aerobic tanks was designed as a denitrifying enhanced biological phosphorus removal process for wastewater treatment as compared to a modified side-stream process using contact/stabilization tanks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Zhang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
- University of Alberta
- Edmonton
- Canada
- Department of Civil Engineering
| | - Md. Shahinoor Islam
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
- University of Alberta
- Edmonton
- Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering
| | - Kerry N. McPhedran
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
- University of Alberta
- Edmonton
- Canada
- Department of Civil, Geological and Environmental Engineering
| | - Shimiao Dong
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
- University of Alberta
- Edmonton
- Canada
| | - Ehab M. Rashed
- Sanitary & Environmental Engineering
- Cairo University
- Giza
- Egypt
| | | | | | - Mohamed Gamal El-Din
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
- University of Alberta
- Edmonton
- Canada
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60
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Xu J, Li M, He Q, Sun X, Zhou X, Su Z, Ai H. Effect of flow rate on growth and oxygen consumption of biofilm in gravity sewer. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:427-435. [PMID: 27726082 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7710-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The function of sewer as reactors must rely on the biofilm in it. In this paper, the formation, structure, oxygen transfer, and activity of the biofilm under different hydraulic conditions were studied by the microelectrode technology, oxygen uptake rate (OUR) technology, and 454 high-throughput pyrosequencing technology. Results showed that when the wall-shear stresses were 1.12, 1.29, and 1.45 Pa, the porosity of the steady-state biofilm were 69.1, 64.4, and 55.1 %, respectively. The maximum values of OUR were 0.033, 0.027, and 0.022 mg/(L*s), respectively, and the COD removal efficiency in the sewers reached 40, 35, and 32 %, respectively. The research findings had an important significance on how to improve the treatment efficiency of the sewers. Fig. a Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Xu
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, People's Republic of China
| | - Muzhi Li
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang He
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingfu Sun
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangren Zhou
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenping Su
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, People's Republic of China
| | - Hainan Ai
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, People's Republic of China.
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Pan F, Liu W, Yu Y, Yin X, Wang Q, Zheng Z, Wu M, Zhao D, Zhang Q, Lei X, Xia D. The effects of manganese oxide octahedral molecular sieve chitosan microspheres on sludge bacterial community structures during sewage biological treatment. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37518. [PMID: 27869226 PMCID: PMC5116614 DOI: 10.1038/srep37518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examines the effects of manganese oxide octahedral molecular sieve chitosan microspheres (Fe3O4@OMS-2@CTS) on anaerobic and aerobic microbial communities during sewage biological treatment. The addition of Fe3O4@OMS-2@CTS (0.25 g/L) resulted in enhanced levels of operational performance for decolourization dye X-3B. However, degradation dye X-3B inhibition in the presence of Fe3O4@OMS-2@CTS was recorded as greater than or equal to 1.00 g/L. Illumina MiSeq high throughput sequencing of the 16 S rRNA gene showed that 108 genera were observed during the anaerobic process, while only 71 genera were observed during the aerobic process. The largest genera (Aequorivita) decreased from 21.14% to 12.65% and the Pseudomonas genera increased from 10.57% to 12.96% according to the abundance in the presence of 0.25 g/L Fe3O4@OMS-2@CTS during the anaerobic process. The largest Gemmatimonas genera decreased from 21.46% to 11.68% and the Isosphaerae genera increased from 5.8% to 11.98% according to the abundance in the presence of 0.25 g/L Fe3O4@OMS-2@CTS during the aerobic process. Moreover, the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results show that the valence states of Mn and Fe in Fe3O4@OMS-2@CTS changed during sewage biological treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Pan
- School of Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430073, China.,Engineering Research Centre for Clean Production of Textile Dyeing and Printing, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430073, China.,Environmental Engineering Program, Department of Civil Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Wen Liu
- Environmental Engineering Program, Department of Civil Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Yang Yu
- School of Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430073, China
| | - Xianze Yin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430073, China
| | - Qingrong Wang
- School of Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430073, China
| | - Ziyan Zheng
- School of Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430073, China
| | - Min Wu
- School of Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430073, China
| | - Dongye Zhao
- Environmental Engineering Program, Department of Civil Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Qiu Zhang
- School of Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430073, China
| | - Xiaoman Lei
- School of Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430073, China
| | - Dongsheng Xia
- School of Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430073, China
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Terashima M, Yama A, Sato M, Yumoto I, Kamagata Y, Kato S. Culture-Dependent and -Independent Identification of Polyphosphate-Accumulating Dechloromonas spp. Predominating in a Full-Scale Oxidation Ditch Wastewater Treatment Plant. Microbes Environ 2016; 31:449-455. [PMID: 27867159 PMCID: PMC5158118 DOI: 10.1264/jsme2.me16097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The oxidation ditch process is one of the most economical approaches currently used to simultaneously remove organic carbon, nitrogen, and also phosphorus (P) from wastewater. However, limited information is available on biological P removal in this process. In the present study, microorganisms contributing to P removal in a full-scale oxidation ditch reactor were investigated using culture-dependent and -independent approaches. A microbial community analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that a phylotype closely related to Dechloromonas spp. in the family Rhodocyclaceae dominated in the oxidation ditch reactor. This dominant Dechloromonas sp. was successfully isolated and subjected to fluorescent staining for polyphosphate, followed by microscopic observations and a spectrofluorometric analysis, which clearly demonstrated that the Dechloromonas isolate exhibited a strong ability to accumulate polyphosphate within its cells. These results indicate the potential key role of Dechloromonas spp. in efficient P removal in the oxidation ditch wastewater treatment process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia Terashima
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
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63
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Wang P, Yu Z, Qi R, Zhang H. Detailed comparison of bacterial communities during seasonal sludge bulking in a municipal wastewater treatment plant. WATER RESEARCH 2016; 105:157-166. [PMID: 27614036 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.08.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Revised: 07/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, pyrosequencing combined with clone library analysis, qPCR, and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) were performed to identify detailed changes of bacterial and filamentous bacterial communities in activated sludge (AS) in 3 types of typical AS samples: sludge bulking (B-AS), excessive bulking (EB-AS), and non-bulking (N-AS). Sludge bulking resulted in a decrease in total bacterial numbers from (6.4 ± 0.18) × 108 gene copies/mL in N-AS to (2.4 ± 0.22) × 108 in EB-AS and a decrease in bacterial diversity from 2757 OTUs in N-AS to 2217 OTUs in EB-AS. With the occurrence of sludge bulking, Actinobacteria and Firmicutes increased sharply, whereas Proteobacteria, which was the predominant phylum in N-AS, decreased markedly. In addition, Nitrospirae, a major lineage of the nitrite-oxidizing bacteria, had quite a low abundance in EB-AS (0.15%), while it was relatively high in N-AS (1.17%). On the other hand, filamentous bacteria accounted for 28.77% and 5.72% of total sequences in EB-AS and N-AS, respectively. More interestingly, 11 types of filamentous bacteria were always present in 3 types of typical AS samples from different stages of sludge bulking, and most of them enriched in EB-AS compared to N-AS. It is noteworthy that, in addition to the frequently reported filamentous bacteria such as Candidatus M. parvicella and Tetrasphaera, novel filamentous species of Trichococcus might exist in this bulking WWTP. Our results reveal that sludge bulking are derived from diverse taxa, which expands previous understanding and provides new insight into the underlying complications of the bulking phenomenon in AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Zhisheng Yu
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, PR China.
| | - Rong Qi
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Beijing 100085, PR China
| | - Hongxun Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, PR China
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64
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Insights into microbial diversity in wastewater treatment systems: How far have we come? Biotechnol Adv 2016; 34:790-802. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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65
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Zielińska M, Rusanowska P, Jarząbek J, Nielsen JL. Community dynamics of denitrifying bacteria in full-scale wastewater treatment plants. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2016; 37:2358-2367. [PMID: 26932371 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2016.1150350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Effective and stable nitrogen removal from wastewater requires abundant and active denitrifying populations. In this study, a one-year investigation of the population dynamics of phylogenetic groups known to harbor nitrate reducers was conducted in three municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). The bacterial community composition was determined by amplicon sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene, and putative nitrate reducers were identified by sequencing narG and napA genes. Fluorescence in situ hybridization with oligonucleotide probes targeting known nitrate reducers in wastewater revealed that certain bacteria predominated in the WWTPs: Curvibacter-related bacteria, Comamonadaceae, Azoarcus, Thauera, Dechloromonas, and Candidatus Accumulibacter within Rhodocyclaceae. The data showed high diversity in the nitrate-reducing community and a large degree of redundancy, with a relatively stable core group of bacteria in each plant that ensured small yearly variation in nitrate reduction rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Zielińska
- a Department of Environmental Biotechnology , University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn , Olsztyn , Poland
| | - Paulina Rusanowska
- a Department of Environmental Biotechnology , University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn , Olsztyn , Poland
| | - Joanna Jarząbek
- a Department of Environmental Biotechnology , University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn , Olsztyn , Poland
| | - Jeppe Lund Nielsen
- b Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience , Aalborg University , Aalborg , Denmark
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66
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Poudel P, Tashiro Y, Miyamoto H, Miyamoto H, Okugawa Y, Sakai K. Development of a systematic feedback isolation approach for targeted strains from mixed culture systems. J Biosci Bioeng 2016; 123:63-70. [PMID: 27570222 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2016.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Elucidation of functions of bacteria in a mixed culture system (MCS) such as composting, activated sludge system is difficult, since the system is complicating with many unisolated bacteria. Here, we developed a systematic feedback isolation strategy for the isolation and rapid screening of multiple targeted strains from MCS. Six major strains (Corynebacterium sphenisci, Bacillus thermocloacae, Bacillus thermoamylovorans, Bacillus smithii, Bacillus humi, and Bacillus coagulans), which are detected by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis in our previous study on MCS for l-lactic acid production, were targeted for isolation. Based on information of suitable cultivation conditions (e.g., media, pH, temperature) from the literature, feedback isolation was performed to form 136 colonies. The following direct colony matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) was optimised as the second screening to narrow down 20 candidate colonies from similar spectra patterns with six closest type strains. This step could distinguish bacteria at the species level with distance similarity scores ≥0.55 corresponding to 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity ≥98.2%, suggesting that this is an effective technique to minimize isolates close to targeted type strains. Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that two targeted strains and one strain related to the target had successfully been isolated, showing high similarities (99.5-100%) with the sequences from the DGGE bands, and that the other candidates were affiliated with three strains that were closely related to the target species. This study proposes a new method for systematic feedback isolation that may be useful for isolating targeted strains from MCS for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramod Poudel
- Laboratory of Soil and Environmental Microbiology, Division of Systems Bioengineering, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Bioresources and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan; Department of Microbiology, National College, Affiliated to Tribhuvan University, NIST-Higher Education Program, Khusibu, Nayabazar, Kathmandu, P.O. Box: 8659, Nepal
| | - Yukihiro Tashiro
- Laboratory of Soil and Environmental Microbiology, Division of Systems Bioengineering, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Bioresources and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan; Laboratory of Microbial Environmental Protection, Tropical Microbiology Unit, Center for International Education and Research of Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan.
| | - Hirokuni Miyamoto
- Japan Eco-Science (Nikkan Kagaku) Co. Ltd., 11-2 Shiomigaokacho, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-0034, Japan; Graduate School of Advanced Integration Science, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Chiba 263-8522, Japan; Department of Biochemistry and Integrative Medical Biology, Keio School of Medicine, Shinanomachi 35, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; Sermas Co. Ltd., Ichikawa Minami 2-8-8, Ichikawa, Chiba 272-0033, Japan
| | | | - Yuki Okugawa
- Laboratory of Soil and Environmental Microbiology, Division of Systems Bioengineering, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Bioresources and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Kenji Sakai
- Laboratory of Soil and Environmental Microbiology, Division of Systems Bioengineering, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Bioresources and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan; Laboratory of Microbial Environmental Protection, Tropical Microbiology Unit, Center for International Education and Research of Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
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67
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Ziegler AS, McIlroy SJ, Larsen P, Albertsen M, Hansen AA, Heinen N, Nielsen PH. Dynamics of the Fouling Layer Microbial Community in a Membrane Bioreactor. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158811. [PMID: 27399199 PMCID: PMC4939938 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane fouling presents the greatest challenge to the application of membrane bioreactor (MBR) technology. Formation of biofilms on the membrane surface is the suggested cause, yet little is known of the composition or dynamics of the microbial community responsible. To gain an insight into this important question, we applied 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing with a curated taxonomy and fluorescent in situ hybridization to monitor the community of a pilot-scale MBR carrying out enhanced biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal with municipal wastewater. In order to track the dynamics of the fouling process, we concurrently investigated the communities of the biofilm, MBR bulk sludge, and the conventional activated sludge system used to seed the MBR system over several weeks from start-up. As the biofilm matured the initially abundant betaproteobacterial genera Limnohabitans, Hydrogenophaga and Malikia were succeeded by filamentous Chloroflexi and Gordonia as the abundant species. This study indicates that, although putative pioneer species appear, the biofilm became increasingly similar to the bulk community with time. This suggests that the microbial population in bulk water will largely determine the community structure of the mature biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja S. Ziegler
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Simon J. McIlroy
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Poul Larsen
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Mads Albertsen
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Aviaja A. Hansen
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | | | - Per Halkjær Nielsen
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
- * E-mail:
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68
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Mieczkowski D, Cydzik-Kwiatkowska A, Rusanowska P, Świątczak P. Temperature-induced changes in treatment efficiency and microbial structure of aerobic granules treating landfill leachate. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 32:91. [PMID: 27116957 PMCID: PMC4848331 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-016-2046-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This paper investigates the effect of temperature on nitrogen and carbon removal by aerobic granules from landfill leachate with a high ammonium concentration and low concentration of biodegradable organics. The study was conducted in three stages; firstly the operating temperature of the batch reactor with aerobic granules was maintained at 29 °C, then at 25 °C, and finally at 20 °C. It was found that a gradual decrease in operational temperature allowed the nitrogen-converting community in the granules to acclimate, ensuring efficient nitrification even at ambient temperature (20 °C). Ammonium was fully removed from leachate regardless of the temperature, but higher operational temperatures resulted in higher ammonium removal rates [up to 44.2 mg/(L h) at 29 °C]. Lowering the operational temperature from 29 to 20 °C decreased nitrite accumulation in the GSBR cycle. The highest efficiency of total nitrogen removal was achieved at 25 °C (36.8 ± 10.9 %). The COD removal efficiency did not exceed 50 %. Granules constituted 77, 80 and 83 % of the biomass at 29, 25 and 20 °C, respectively. Ammonium was oxidized by both aerobic and anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria. Accumulibacter sp., Thauera sp., cultured Tetrasphaera PAO and Azoarcus-Thauera cluster occurred in granules independent of the temperature. Lower temperatures favored the occurrence of denitrifiers of Zooglea lineage (not Z. resiniphila), bacteria related to Comamonadaceae, Curvibacter sp., Azoarcus cluster, Rhodobacter sp., Roseobacter sp. and Acidovorax spp. At lower temperatures, the increased abundance of denitrifiers compensated for the lowered enzymatic activity of the biomass and ensured that nitrogen removal at 20 °C was similar to that at 25 °C and significantly higher than removal at 29 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorian Mieczkowski
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Słoneczna 45 G, 10-709, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Cydzik-Kwiatkowska
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Słoneczna 45 G, 10-709, Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Paulina Rusanowska
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Słoneczna 45 G, 10-709, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Piotr Świątczak
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Słoneczna 45 G, 10-709, Olsztyn, Poland
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69
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Wang P, Yu Z, Zhao J, Zhang H. Seasonal Changes in Bacterial Communities Cause Foaming in a Wastewater Treatment Plant. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2016; 71:660-671. [PMID: 26577577 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-015-0700-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Bio-foaming is a major problem in solid separation in activated sludge (AS) wastewater treatment systems. Understanding the changes in bacterial communities during sludge foaming is vital for explaining foam formation. Changes in bacterial communities in the foam, corresponding foaming AS, and non-foaming AS in a seasonal foaming wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in Northern China were investigated by high-throughput pyrosequencing and molecular quantification-based approaches. We found that bacterial communities of the foam and the corresponding foaming AS were similar but markedly different from those of the non-foaming AS. Actinobacteria was the predominant phylum in the foam and the corresponding foaming AS, whereas Proteobacteria was predominant in the non-foaming AS. Similar to the results of most previous studies, our results showed that Candidatus "Microthrix parvicella" was the predominant filamentous bacteria in the foam and the corresponding foaming AS and was significantly enriched in the foam compared to the corresponding foaming AS. Its abundance decreased gradually with a slow disappearance of sludge foaming, indicating that its overgrowth had a direct relationship with sludge foaming. In addition to Candidatus M. parvicella, Tetrasphaera and Trichococcus might play a role in sludge foaming, because they supported the changes in AS microbial ecology for foam formation. The effluent water quality of the surveyed plant remained stable during the period of sludge foaming, but the microbial consortia responsible for nitrogen and phosphorus transformation and removal markedly changed compared to that in the non-foaming AS. This study adds to the previous understanding of bacterial communities causing foaming in WWTPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhisheng Yu
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jihong Zhao
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, No. 166, Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxun Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
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Cydzik-Kwiatkowska A, Zielińska M. Bacterial communities in full-scale wastewater treatment systems. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 32:66. [PMID: 26931606 PMCID: PMC4773473 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-016-2012-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial metabolism determines the effectiveness of biological treatment of wastewater. Therefore, it is important to define the relations between the species structure and the performance of full-scale installations. Although there is much laboratory data on microbial consortia, our understanding of dependencies between the microbial structure and operational parameters of full-scale wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) is limited. This mini-review presents the types of microbial consortia in WWTP. Information is given on extracellular polymeric substances production as factor that is key for formation of spatial structures of microorganisms. Additionally, we discuss data on microbial groups including nitrifiers, denitrifiers, Anammox bacteria, and phosphate- and glycogen-accumulating bacteria in full-scale aerobic systems that was obtained with the use of molecular techniques, including high-throughput sequencing, to shed light on dependencies between the microbial ecology of biomass and the overall efficiency and functional stability of wastewater treatment systems. Sludge bulking in WWTPs is addressed, as well as the microbial composition of consortia involved in antibiotic and micropollutant removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Cydzik-Kwiatkowska
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Słoneczna 45G, 10-709, Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Zielińska
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Słoneczna 45G, 10-709, Olsztyn, Poland
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71
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Tian Q, Ong SK, Xie X, Li F, Zhu Y, Wang FR, Yang B. Enhanced phosphorus recovery and biofilm microbial community changes in an alternating anaerobic/aerobic biofilter. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 144:1797-1806. [PMID: 26524149 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.10.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The operation of an alternating anaerobic/aerobic biofilter (AABF), treating synthetic wastewater, was modified to enhance recovery of phosphorus (P). The AABF was periodically fed with an additional carbon source during the anaerobic phase to force the release of biofilm-sequestered P which was then harvested and recovered. A maximum of 48% of the total influent P was found to be released in the solution for recovery. Upon implementation of periodic P bio-sequestering and P harvesting, the predominant bacterial communities changed from β-Proteobacteria to γ-Proteobacteria groups. The genus Pseudomonas of γ-Proteobacteria was found to enrich greatly with 98% dominance. Dense intracellular poly-P granules were found within the cells of the biofilm, confirming the presence of P accumulating organisms (PAOs). Periodic addition of a carbon source to the AABF coupled with intracellular P reduction during the anaerobic phase most probably exerted environmental stress in the selection of Pseudomonas PAOs over PAOs of other phylogenic types. Results of the study provided operational information on the selection of certain microbial communities for P removal and recovery. This information can be used to further advance P recovery in biofilm systems such as the AABFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Tian
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, DongHua University, 2999 Shanghai North People's Road, 201620, PR China
| | - Say Kee Ong
- Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, Iowa State University, Iowa 50011, USA.
| | - Xuehui Xie
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, DongHua University, 2999 Shanghai North People's Road, 201620, PR China.
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, DongHua University, 2999 Shanghai North People's Road, 201620, PR China.
| | - Yanbin Zhu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, DongHua University, 2999 Shanghai North People's Road, 201620, PR China
| | - Feng Rui Wang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, DongHua University, 2999 Shanghai North People's Road, 201620, PR China
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, DongHua University, 2999 Shanghai North People's Road, 201620, PR China
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Janarthanan OM, Laycock B, Montano-Herrera L, Lu Y, Arcos-Hernandez MV, Werker A, Pratt S. Fluxes in PHA-storing microbial communities during enrichment and biopolymer accumulation processes. N Biotechnol 2016; 33:61-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2015.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Revised: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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73
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Anoxic–aerobic SBR system for nitrate, phosphate and COD removal from high-strength wastewater and diversity study of microbial communities. Biochem Eng J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2015.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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74
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Han X, Wang Z, Ma J, Zhu C, Li Y, Wu Z. Membrane bioreactors fed with different COD/N ratio wastewater: impacts on microbial community, microbial products, and membrane fouling. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:11436-11445. [PMID: 25813643 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4376-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
It is known that an increase of COD/N ratio can result in an enhanced removal of nutrients in membrane bioreactors (MBRs); however, impacts of doing so on membrane filtration performance remain unclear. In this work, comparison of membrane filtration performance, microbial community, and microbial products under low temperature was carried out in anoxic/oxic (A/O) MBRs with COD/N ratios of 9.9 and 5.5 g COD/g N in influent. There was no doubt that an improvement of nitrogen removal under high COD/N ratio was observed; however, severer membrane fouling was found compared to the MBR fed with low COD/N ratio wastewater. The increase of COD/N ratio resulted in an elevated production of humic acids in soluble microbial product (SMP) and carbohydrates, proteins, and humic acids in loosely bound extracellular polymeric substance (LB-EPS). Quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) analysis showed that the adsorption capability of SMP and LB-EPS was higher in the MBR with higher COD/N ratio. Four hundred fifty four high-throughput pyrosequencing revealed that the higher COD/N ratio led to the enrichment of Bacteroidetes at phylum level and Azospira, Thauera, Zoogloea, etc. at genus level. Bacteroidetes are considered to potentially release EPS, and Azospira, Thauera, and Zoogloea, etc. have denitrification activity. The change in microbial communities is consistent with MBR performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng Han
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
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75
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McIlroy SJ, Nittami T, Kanai E, Fukuda J, Saunders AM, Nielsen PH. Re-appraisal of the phylogeny and fluorescence in situ hybridization probes for the analysis of the Competibacteraceae in wastewater treatment systems. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2015; 7:166-174. [PMID: 25224028 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.12215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2014] [Revised: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Members of the family Competibacteraceae are common in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) designed for enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) and are putatively deleterious to the process of P removal. Their ability to accumulate large amounts of polyhydroxyalkanoates is also suggested to be of potential commercial interest for bioplastic production. In this study we have updated the 16S rRNA-based phylogeny of the Competibacter and the Plasticicumulans lineages. The former is delineated by 13 clades including two described genera; 'Ca. Competibacter' and 'Ca. Contendobacter'. The oligonucleotide probes used for detection of the family by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) were re-evaluated and designed for coverage of these clades. Surveys of full-scale WWTPs based on 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and FISH analysis indicate that a number of member clades always coexist, with their relative abundances varying substantially between and temporally within plants. The hypothesis that these differences are based on niche partitioning is supported by marked phenotypic differences between clades. An in-depth understanding of the ecology of the family requires further studies of the metabolism of individual clades in situ. The proposed phylogeny and FISH probes will provide the foundation for such studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon J McIlroy
- Centre for Microbial Communities, Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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76
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Jena J, Kumar R, Dixit A, Pandey S, Das T. Evaluation of simultaneous nutrient and COD removal with polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) accumulation using mixed microbial consortia under anoxic condition and their bioinformatics analysis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0116230. [PMID: 25689047 PMCID: PMC4331290 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Simultaneous nitrate-N, phosphate and COD removal was evaluated from synthetic waste water using mixed microbial consortia in an anoxic environment under various initial carbon load (ICL) in a batch scale reactor system. Within 6 hours of incubation, enriched DNPAOs (Denitrifying Polyphosphate Accumulating Microorganisms) were able to remove maximum COD (87%) at 2 g/L of ICL whereas maximum nitrate-N (97%) and phosphate (87%) removal along with PHB accumulation (49 mg/L) was achieved at 8 g/L of ICL. Exhaustion of nitrate-N, beyond 6 hours of incubation, had a detrimental effect on COD and phosphate removal rate. Fresh supply of nitrate-N to the reaction medium, beyond 6 hours, helped revive the removal rates of both COD and phosphate. Therefore, it was apparent that in spite of a high carbon load, maximum COD and nutrient removal can be maintained, with adequate nitrate-N availability. Denitrifying condition in the medium was evident from an increasing pH trend. PHB accumulation by the mixed culture was directly proportional to ICL; however the time taken for accumulation at higher ICL was more. Unlike conventional EBPR, PHB depletion did not support phosphate accumulation in this case. The unique aspect of all the batch studies were PHB accumulation was observed along with phosphate uptake and nitrate reduction under anoxic conditions. Bioinformatics analysis followed by pyrosequencing of the mixed culture DNA from the seed sludge revealed the dominance of denitrifying population, such as Corynebacterium, Rhodocyclus and Paraccocus (Alphaproteobacteria and Betaproteobacteria). Rarefaction curve indicated complete bacterial population and corresponding number of OTUs through sequence analysis. Chao1 and Shannon index (H') was used to study the diversity of sampling. "UCI95" and "LCI95" indicated 95% confidence level of upper and lower values of Chao1 for each distance. Values of Chao1 index supported the results of rarefaction curve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyotsnarani Jena
- CSIR-Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Ravindra Kumar
- Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Anshuman Dixit
- Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Sony Pandey
- CSIR-Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Trupti Das
- CSIR-Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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77
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Lv XM, Shao MF, Li J, Li CL. Metagenomic Analysis of the Sludge Microbial Community in a Lab-Scale Denitrifying Phosphorus Removal Reactor. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2015; 175:3258-70. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-015-1491-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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78
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Miłobędzka A, Muszyński A. Population dynamics of filamentous bacteria identified in Polish full-scale wastewater treatment plants with nutrients removal. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2015; 71:675-684. [PMID: 25768213 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2014.512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive study of the identity and population dynamics of filamentous bacteria in five Polish full-scale municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) with nutrients removal had been carried out for 2 years. A quantitative culture-independent, molecular method - fluorescence in situ hybridization - was applied to evaluate the structure of different filamentous bacteria populations and their temporal variations. Activated sludge was examined for the abundance of 11 groups of filamentous bacteria. On average, filaments constituted 28% of all bacteria. All samples presented a low diversity of probe-defined filamentous bacteria, usually with significant domination of Chloroflexi (with distinction to types 1851, 0803 and others) and/or Microthrix (14% and 7% of EUBmix, respectively). Haliscomenobacter hydrossis, Mycolata, Skermania piniformis and TM7 were less abundant, whereas Curvibacter, Thiothrix/021N and family Gordonia have not been detected in any of the samples. The tested WWTPs showed similarity among species found and differences in their abundance. The composition of filamentous populations was rather stable in each plant and similar to those found in other European countries. Little differences between plants were shown by multivariate analysis of variance in terms of Chloroflexi and Microthrix. No significant general correlations have been found with Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. Medium correlation strength between the presence of different filaments was recorded only for Microthrix and Skermania piniformis. Deleterious effect on settling properties of sludge (measured as sludge volume index) was found only for abundance of Microthrix; a strong linear correlation was recorded between them. However, no other correlations with wastewater and operational data were revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Miłobędzka
- Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Department of Biology, Warsaw University of Technology, Nowowiejska 20, Warsaw 00-653, Poland E-mail:
| | - A Muszyński
- Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Department of Biology, Warsaw University of Technology, Nowowiejska 20, Warsaw 00-653, Poland E-mail:
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79
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Chen H, Li X, Chen Y, Liu Y, Zhang H, Xue G. Performance of wastewater biological phosphorus removal under long-term exposure to CuNPs: adapting toxicity via microbial community structure adjustment. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra11579e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) have been used in a wide range of applications, and the released CuNPs entering wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) might pose potential risks to the wastewater biological treatment process, such as phosphorus removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Donghua University
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Xiang Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Donghua University
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Yinguang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Tongji University
- Shanghai 200092
- China
| | - Yanan Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Donghua University
- Shanghai
- China
| | - He Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Donghua University
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Gang Xue
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Donghua University
- Shanghai
- China
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80
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Lu H, Chandran K, Stensel D. Microbial ecology of denitrification in biological wastewater treatment. WATER RESEARCH 2014; 64:237-254. [PMID: 25078442 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2014.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 360] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2013] [Revised: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/29/2014] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Globally, denitrification is commonly employed in biological nitrogen removal processes to enhance water quality. However, substantial knowledge gaps remain concerning the overall community structure, population dynamics and metabolism of different organic carbon sources. This systematic review provides a summary of current findings pertaining to the microbial ecology of denitrification in biological wastewater treatment processes. DNA fingerprinting-based analysis has revealed a high level of microbial diversity in denitrification reactors and highlighted the impacts of carbon sources in determining overall denitrifying community composition. Stable isotope probing, fluorescence in situ hybridization, microarrays and meta-omics further link community structure with function by identifying the functional populations and their gene regulatory patterns at the transcriptional and translational levels. This review stresses the need to integrate microbial ecology information into conventional denitrification design and operation at full-scale. Some emerging questions, from physiological mechanisms to practical solutions, for example, eliminating nitrous oxide emissions and supplementing more sustainable carbon sources than methanol, are also discussed. A combination of high-throughput approaches is next in line for thorough assessment of wastewater denitrifying community structure and function. Though denitrification is used as an example here, this synergy between microbial ecology and process engineering is applicable to other biological wastewater treatment processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijie Lu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, 205 N Mathews, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
| | - Kartik Chandran
- Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering, Columbia University, 500 West 120th Street, New York, NY 10027, USA.
| | - David Stensel
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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81
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McIlroy SJ, Starnawska A, Starnawski P, Saunders AM, Nierychlo M, Nielsen PH, Nielsen JL. Identification of active denitrifiers in full-scale nutrient removal wastewater treatment systems. Environ Microbiol 2014; 18:50-64. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.12614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Jon McIlroy
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Environmental Engineering; Center for Microbial Communities; Aalborg University; Aalborg Denmark
| | - Anna Starnawska
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Environmental Engineering; Center for Microbial Communities; Aalborg University; Aalborg Denmark
| | - Piotr Starnawski
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Environmental Engineering; Center for Microbial Communities; Aalborg University; Aalborg Denmark
| | - Aaron Marc Saunders
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Environmental Engineering; Center for Microbial Communities; Aalborg University; Aalborg Denmark
| | - Marta Nierychlo
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Environmental Engineering; Center for Microbial Communities; Aalborg University; Aalborg Denmark
| | - Per Halkjaer Nielsen
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Environmental Engineering; Center for Microbial Communities; Aalborg University; Aalborg Denmark
| | - Jeppe Lund Nielsen
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Environmental Engineering; Center for Microbial Communities; Aalborg University; Aalborg Denmark
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82
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Nitrotoga-like bacteria are previously unrecognized key nitrite oxidizers in full-scale wastewater treatment plants. ISME JOURNAL 2014; 9:708-20. [PMID: 25180967 DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2014.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Numerous past studies have shown members of the genus Nitrospira to be the predominant nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) in nitrifying wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Only recently, the novel NOB 'Candidatus Nitrotoga arctica' was identified in permafrost soil and a close relative was enriched from activated sludge. Still, little is known about diversity, distribution and functional importance of Nitrotoga in natural and engineered ecosystems. Here we developed Nitrotoga 16S rRNA-specific PCR primers and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) probes, which were applied to screen activated sludge samples from 20 full-scale WWTPs. Nitrotoga-like bacteria were detected by PCR in 11 samples and reached abundances detectable by FISH in seven sludges. They coexisted with Nitrospira in most of these WWTPs, but constituted the only detectable NOB in two systems. Quantitative FISH revealed that Nitrotoga accounted for nearly 2% of the total bacterial community in one of these plants, a number comparable to Nitrospira abundances in other WWTPs. Spatial statistics revealed that Nitrotoga coaggregated with ammonia-oxidizing bacteria, strongly supporting a functional role in nitrite oxidation. This activity was confirmed by FISH in combination with microradiography, which revealed nitrite-dependent autotrophic carbon fixation by Nitrotoga in situ. Correlation of the presence or absence with WWTP operational parameters indicated low temperatures as a main factor supporting high Nitrotoga abundances, although in incubation experiments these NOB remained active over an unexpected range of temperatures, and also at different ambient nitrite concentrations. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that Nitrotoga can be functionally important nitrite oxidizers in WWTPs and can even represent the only known NOB in engineered systems.
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83
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Winsley TJ, Snape I, McKinlay J, Stark J, van Dorst JM, Ji M, Ferrari BC, Siciliano SD. The ecological controls on the prevalence of candidate division TM7 in polar regions. Front Microbiol 2014; 5:345. [PMID: 25076941 PMCID: PMC4097103 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The candidate division TM7 is ubiquitous and yet uncultured phylum of the Bacteria that encompasses a commonly environmental associated clade, TM7-1, and a “host-associated” clade, TM7-3. However, as members of the TM7 phylum have not been cultured, little is known about what differs between these two clades. We hypothesized that these clades would have different environmental niches. To test this, we used a large-scale global soil dataset, encompassing 223 soil samples, their environmental parameters and associated bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequence data. We correlated chemical, physical and biological parameters of each soil with the relative abundance of the two major classes of the phylum to deduce factors that influence the groups' seemingly ubiquitous nature. The two classes of the phylum (TM7-1 and TM7-3) were indeed distinct from each other in their habitat requirements. A key determinant of each class' prevalence appears to be the pH of the soil. The class TM7-1 displays a facultative anaerobic nature with correlations to more acidic soils with total iron, silicon, titanium and copper indicating a potential for siderophore production. However, the TM7-3 class shows a more classical oligotrophic, heterotroph nature with a preference for more alkaline soils, and a probable pathogenic role with correlations to extractable iron, sodium and phosphate. In addition, the TM7-3 was abundant in diesel contaminated soils highlighting a resilient nature along with a possible carbon source. In addition to this both classes had unique co-occurrence relationships with other bacterial phyla. In particular, both groups had opposing correlations to the Gemmatimonadetes phylum, with the TM7-3 class seemingly being outcompeted by this phylum to result in a negative correlation. These ecological controls allow the characteristics of a TM7 phylum preferred niche to be defined and give insight into possible avenues for cultivation of this previously uncultured group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristrom J Winsley
- Australian Antarctic Division, Department of the Environment Kingston, TAS, Australia ; Department of Soil Science, University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Ian Snape
- Australian Antarctic Division, Department of the Environment Kingston, TAS, Australia
| | - John McKinlay
- Australian Antarctic Division, Department of the Environment Kingston, TAS, Australia
| | - Jonny Stark
- Australian Antarctic Division, Department of the Environment Kingston, TAS, Australia
| | - Josie M van Dorst
- Faculty of Science, School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Mukan Ji
- Faculty of Science, School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Belinda C Ferrari
- Faculty of Science, School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Steven D Siciliano
- Department of Soil Science, University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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84
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Lv XM, Shao MF, Li CL, Li J, Gao XL, Sun FY. A comparative study of the bacterial community in denitrifying and traditional enhanced biological phosphorus removal processes. Microbes Environ 2014; 29:261-8. [PMID: 24964811 PMCID: PMC4159037 DOI: 10.1264/jsme2.me13132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Denitrifying phosphorus removal is an attractive wastewater treatment process due to its reduced carbon source demand and sludge minimization potential. Two lab-scale sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) were operated in alternating anaerobic-anoxic (A-A) or anaerobic-oxic (A-O) conditions to achieve denitrifying enhanced biological phosphate removal (EBPR) and traditional EBPR. No significant differences were observed in phosphorus removal efficiencies between A-A SBR and A-O SBR, with phosphorus removal rates being 87.9% and 89.0% respectively. The community structures in denitrifying and traditional EBPR processes were evaluated by high-throughput sequencing of the PCR-amplified partial 16S rRNA genes from each sludge. The results obtained showed that the bacterial community was more diverse in A-O sludge than in A-A sludge. Taxonomy and β-diversity analyses indicated that a significant shift occurred in the dominant microbial community in A-A sludge compared with the seed sludge during the whole acclimation phase, while a slight fluctuation was observed in the abundance of the major taxonomies in A-O sludge. One Dechloromonas-related OTU outside the 4 known Candidatus “Accumulibacter” clades was detected as the main OTU in A-A sludge at the stationary operation, while Candidatus “Accumulibacter” dominated in A-O sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Mei Lv
- Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen Graduate School
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85
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Chen J, Tang YQ, Li Y, Nie Y, Hou L, Li XQ, Wu XL. Impacts of different nanoparticles on functional bacterial community in activated sludge. CHEMOSPHERE 2014; 104:141-148. [PMID: 24280055 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.10.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Revised: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Rapidly developing industry raises concerns about the environmental impacts of nanoparticles, but the effects of inorganic nanoparticles on functional bacterial community in wastewater treatment remain unclear. The discriminated effects of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NP) and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NP) in a simulated sequencing batch reactor (SBR) system were therefore evaluated by the RNA-based terminal restricted fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP), 16S rcDNA gene clone library and real-time reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) analyses. Although the COD and NH4-N removal efficiencies were not or slightly reduced by the addition of ZnO-NP and Ag-NP, the functional bacterial community changed remarkably. The denitrification related species were inhibited by high dosage of ZnO-NP and Ag-NP, including Diaphorobacter species, Thauera species and those in the Sphaerotilus-Leptothrix group. However, the bacteria related to sludge bulking, heavy metal resistant and biosorption were increased, especially by ZnO-NPs treatment, including those closely related to Haliscomenobacter hydrossis, Zoogloea ramigera and Methyloversatilis universalis. In addition, Ag-NP and ZnO-NP treatments influenced the functional bacterial community differently. Increasing of bulking related bacteria may help to compensate the COD removal efficiency and to maintain functional redundancy, but could lead to operation failure of activated sludge system when expose to ZnO-NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Chen
- College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Yue-Qin Tang
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Yan Li
- College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Yong Nie
- College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Linlin Hou
- Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Xi-Qing Li
- Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China.
| | - Xiao-Lei Wu
- College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China.
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86
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Fredriksson NJ, Hermansson M, Wilén BM. The choice of PCR primers has great impact on assessments of bacterial community diversity and dynamics in a wastewater treatment plant. PLoS One 2013; 8:e76431. [PMID: 24098498 PMCID: PMC3788133 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Assessments of bacterial community diversity and dynamics are fundamental for the understanding of microbial ecology as well as biotechnological applications. We show that the choice of PCR primers has great impact on the results of analyses of diversity and dynamics using gene libraries and DNA fingerprinting. Two universal primer pairs targeting the 16S rRNA gene, 27F&1492R and 63F&M1387R, were compared and evaluated by analyzing the bacterial community in the activated sludge of a large-scale wastewater treatment plant. The two primer pairs targeted distinct parts of the bacterial community, none encompassing the other, both with similar richness. Had only one primer pair been used, very different conclusions had been drawn regarding dominant phylogenetic and putative functional groups. With 27F&1492R, Betaproteobacteria would have been determined to be the dominating taxa while 63F&M1387R would have described Alphaproteobacteria as the most common taxa. Microscopy and fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis showed that both Alphaproteobacteria and Betaproteobacteria were abundant in the activated sludge, confirming that the two primer pairs target two different fractions of the bacterial community. Furthermore, terminal restriction fragment polymorphism analyses of a series of four activated sludge samples showed that the two primer pairs would have resulted in different conclusions about community stability and the factors contributing to changes in community composition. In conclusion, different PCR primer pairs, although considered universal, target different ranges of bacteria and will thus show the diversity and dynamics of different fractions of the bacterial community in the analyzed sample. We also show that while a database search can serve as an indicator of how universal a primer pair is, an experimental assessment is necessary to evaluate the suitability for a specific environmental sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Johan Fredriksson
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Water Environment Technology, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Malte Hermansson
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Britt-Marie Wilén
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Water Environment Technology, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
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87
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In-situ effects of eutrophication and overfishing on physiology and bacterial diversity of the red sea coral Acropora hemprichii. PLoS One 2013; 8:e62091. [PMID: 23630625 PMCID: PMC3632597 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 03/16/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Coral reefs of the Central Red Sea display a high degree of endemism, and are increasingly threatened by anthropogenic effects due to intense local coastal development measures. Overfishing and eutrophication are among the most significant local pressures on these reefs, but there is no information available about their potential effects on the associated microbial community. Therefore, we compared holobiont physiology and 16S-based bacterial communities of tissue and mucus of the hard coral Acropora hemprichii after 1 and 16 weeks of in-situ inorganic nutrient enrichment (via fertilizer diffusion) and/or herbivore exclusion (via caging) in an offshore reef of the Central Red Sea. Simulated eutrophication and/or overfishing treatments did not affect coral physiology with respect to coral respiration rates, chlorophyll a content, zooxanthellae abundance, or δ 15N isotopic signatures. The bacterial community of A. hemprichii was rich and uneven, and diversity increased over time in all treatments. While distinct bacterial species were identified as a consequence of eutrophication, overfishing, or both, two bacterial species that could be classified to the genus Endozoicomonas were consistently abundant and constituted two thirds of bacteria in the coral. Several nitrogen-fixing and denitrifying bacteria were found in the coral specimens that were exposed to experimentally increased nutrients. However, no particular bacterial species was consistently associated with the coral under a given treatment and the single effects of manipulated eutrophication and overfishing could not predict the combined effect. Our data underlines the importance of conducting field studies in a holobiont framework, taking both, physiological and molecular measures into account.
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88
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Tu Y, Schuler AJ. Low acetate concentrations favor polyphosphate-accumulating organisms over glycogen-accumulating organisms in enhanced biological phosphorus removal from wastewater. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2013; 47:3816-3824. [PMID: 23477409 DOI: 10.1021/es304846s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Glycogen-accumulating organisms (GAOs) are thought to compete with polyphosphate-accumulating organisms (PAOs) in enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) wastewater treatment systems. A laboratory sequencing batch reactor (SBR) was operated for one year to test the hypothesis that PAOs have a competitive advantage at low acetate concentrations, with a focus on low pH conditions previously shown to favor GAOs. PAOs dominated the system under conventional SBR operation with rapid acetate addition (producing high in-reactor concentrations) and pH values of 7.4-8.4. GAOs dominated when the pH was decreased (6.4-7.0). Decreasing the acetate addition rate led to very low reactor acetate concentrations, and PAOs recovered, supporting the study hypothesis. When the acetate feed rate was increased, EBPR failed again. Dominant PAOs and GAOs were Candidatus Accumulibacter phosphatis and Defluviicoccus Cluster 2, respectively, according to fluorescent in situ hybridization and 454 pyrosequencing. Surprisingly, GAOs were not the immediate causes of PAO failures, based on functional and population measurements. Pyrosequencing results suggested Dechloromonas and Tetrasphaera spp. may have also been PAOs, and additional potential GAOs were also identified. Full-scale systems typically have lower in-reactor acetate concentrations than laboratory SBRs, and so, previous laboratory studies may have overestimated the practical importance of GAOs as causes of EBPR failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjie Tu
- Department of Civil Engineering, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
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89
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Arnaldos M, Kunkel SA, Stark BC, Pagilla KR. Enhanced heme protein expression by ammonia-oxidizing communities acclimated to low dissolved oxygen conditions. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 97:10211-21. [PMID: 23435900 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-013-4755-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Revised: 01/27/2013] [Accepted: 02/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This study has investigated the acclimation of ammonia-oxidizing communities (AOC) to low dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations. Under controlled laboratory conditions, two sequencing batch reactors seeded with activated sludge from the same source were operated at high DO (near saturation) and low DO (0.1 mg O₂/L) concentrations for a period of 220 days. The results demonstrated stable and complete nitrification at low DO conditions after an acclimation period of approximately 140 days. Acclimation brought about increased specific oxygen uptake rates and enhanced expression of a particular heme protein in the soluble fraction of the cells in the low DO reactor as compared to the high DO reactor. The induced protein was determined not to be any of the enzymes or electron carriers present in the conventional account of ammonia oxidation in ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB). Further research is required to determine the specific nature of the heme protein detected; a preliminary assessment suggests either a type of hemoglobin protein or a lesser-known component of the energy-transducing pathways of AOB. The effect of DO on AOC dynamics was evaluated using the 16S rRNA gene as the basis for phylogenetic comparisons and organism quantification. Ammonium consumption by ammonia-oxidizing archaea and anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria was ruled out by fluorescent in situ hybridization in both reactors. Even though Nitrosomonas europaea was the dominant AOB lineage in both high and low DO sequencing batch reactors at the end of operation, this enrichment could not be linked in the low DO reactor to acclimation to oxygen-limited conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Arnaldos
- Department of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3201 S Dearborn Street, Chicago, IL, 60616, USA
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90
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Weissbrodt DG, Lochmatter S, Ebrahimi S, Rossi P, Maillard J, Holliger C. Bacterial Selection during the Formation of Early-Stage Aerobic Granules in Wastewater Treatment Systems Operated Under Wash-Out Dynamics. Front Microbiol 2012; 3:332. [PMID: 22993513 PMCID: PMC3440769 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2012.00332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2012] [Accepted: 08/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aerobic granular sludge is attractive for high-rate biological wastewater treatment. Biomass wash-out conditions stimulate the formation of aerobic granules. Deteriorated performances in biomass settling and nutrient removal during start-up have however often been reported. The effect of wash-out dynamics was investigated on bacterial selection, biomass settling behavior, and metabolic activities during the formation of early-stage granules from activated sludge of two wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) over start-up periods of maximum 60 days. Five bubble-column sequencing batch reactors were operated with feast-famine regimes consisting of rapid pulse or slow anaerobic feeding followed by aerobic starvation. Slow-settling fluffy granules were formed when an insufficient superficial air velocity (SAV; 1.8 cm s(-1)) was applied, when the inoculation sludge was taken from a WWTP removing organic matter only, or when reactors were operated at 30°C. Fast-settling dense granules were obtained with 4.0 cm s(-1) SAV, or when the inoculation sludge was taken from a WWTP removing all nutrients biologically. However, only carbon was aerobically removed during start-up. Fluffy granules and dense granules were displaying distinct predominant phylotypes, namely filamentous Burkholderiales affiliates and Zoogloea relatives, respectively. The latter were predominant in dense granules independently from the feeding regime. A combination of insufficient solid retention time and of leakage of acetate into the aeration phase during intensive biomass wash-out was the cause for the proliferation of Zoogloea spp. in dense granules, and for the deterioration of BNR performances. It is however not certain that Zoogloea-like organisms are essential in granule formation. Optimal operation conditions should be elucidated for maintaining a balance between organisms with granulation propensity and nutrient removing organisms in order to form granules with BNR activities in short start-up periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G. Weissbrodt
- Laboratory for Environmental Biotechnology, School for Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneLausanne, Switzerland
| | - Samuel Lochmatter
- Laboratory for Environmental Biotechnology, School for Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneLausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sirous Ebrahimi
- Laboratory for Environmental Biotechnology, School for Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneLausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Rossi
- Central Environmental Molecular Biology Laboratory, School for Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneLausanne, Switzerland
| | - Julien Maillard
- Laboratory for Environmental Biotechnology, School for Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneLausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christof Holliger
- Laboratory for Environmental Biotechnology, School for Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneLausanne, Switzerland
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91
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Nguyen HTT, Nielsen JL, Nielsen PH. ‘CandidatusHalomonas phosphatis’, a novel polyphosphate-accumulating organism in full-scale enhanced biological phosphorus removal plants. Environ Microbiol 2012; 14:2826-37. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2012.02826.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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92
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General and rare bacterial taxa demonstrating different temporal dynamic patterns in an activated sludge bioreactor. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 97:1755-65. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-4002-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2012] [Revised: 02/29/2012] [Accepted: 03/01/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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93
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Shrout JD, Nerenberg R. Monitoring bacterial twitter: does quorum sensing determine the behavior of water and wastewater treatment biofilms? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2012; 46:1995-2005. [PMID: 22296043 DOI: 10.1021/es203933h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria have their own form of "twitter" communication, described as quorum sensing (QS), where bacteria emit and sense chemical signal molecules as a means to gauge population density and control gene expression. Many QS-controlled genes relate to biofilm formation and function and may be important for some water and wastewater treatment biofilms. There is a need to better understand bacterial QS, the bacteria biofilm aspects influenced by QS in engineered reactors, and to assess how designs and operations might be improved by taking this signaling into account. This paper provides a critical review of QS and how it relates to biofilms in engineered water and wastewater treatment systems and identifies needs for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D Shrout
- Department of Civil Engineering and Geological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States.
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94
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de Figueiredo DR, Ferreira RV, Cerqueira M, de Melo TC, Pereira MJ, Castro BB, Correia A. Impact of water quality on bacterioplankton assemblage along Cértima River Basin (central western Portugal) assessed by PCR-DGGE and multivariate analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2012; 184:471-485. [PMID: 21431313 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-011-1981-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2010] [Accepted: 02/24/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The information on bacterial community composition (BCC) in Portuguese water bodies is very scarce. Cértima River (central western Portugal) is known to have high levels of pollution, namely organic. In the present work, the BCC from a set of 16 water samples collected from Cértima River Basin and its main tributaries was characterized using 16S rDNA-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, a culture-independent molecular approach. Molecular data were related to environmental parameters through multivariate analysis to investigate potential impact of water pollution along the river. Principal component analysis using environmental data showed a water quality gradient from more pristine waters (at the mountain tributaries) to waters with increasingly eutrophic potential (such as Fermentelos Lake). This gradient was mainly defined by factors such as organic and inorganic nutrient sources, electrical conductivity, hydrogen carbonate concentration, and pH. Molecular results showed variations in BCC along Cértima River Basin but in the main river section, a Bacteroidetes phylotype (Flavobacterium sp.) proved to be dominant throughout the river course. Multivariate analysis suggests that spatial variation of BCC along the Cértima River Basin depended mainly on parameters such as Chl a, total suspended solid (TSS), total organic carbon, electrical conductivity, and HCO[Formula: see text] levels. Bacteroidetes phylotypes were all related to higher electrical conductivity and HCO[Formula: see text] levels although some of these were also correlated with high SO[Formula: see text] and others with high soluble reactive phosphorus, nitrate, TN, and Kjeld-N levels. The Gammaproteobacteria occurrence was correlated with high SO[Formula: see text] levels. One of the Betaproteobacteria phylotypes showed to correlate with low redox potential (E(h)) and high temperature, pH, TSS, and Chl a levels while another one showed a negative correlation with Chl a values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela R de Figueiredo
- CESAM (Centre for Marine and Environmental Studies), University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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95
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Piasecka A, Souffreau C, Vandepitte K, Vanysacker L, Bilad RM, Bie TD, Hellemans B, Meester LD, Yan X, Declerck P, Vankelecom IFJ. Analysis of the microbial community structure in a membrane bioreactor during initial stages of filtration. BIOFOULING 2012; 28:225-238. [PMID: 22353160 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2012.662640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Membrane biofouling was investigated during the early stages of filtration in a laboratory-scale membrane bioreactor operated on molasses wastewater. The bacterial diversity and composition of the membrane biofilm and activated sludge were analyzed using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism coupled with 16S rRNA clone library construction and sequencing. The amount of extracellular polymeric substances produced by bacteria was investigated using spectroscopic methods. The results reveal that the bacterial community of activated sludge differs significantly from that of the membrane biofilm, especially at the initial phase. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences identified 25 pioneer OTUs responsible for membrane surface colonization. Also, the relationship between the identified bacterial strains and the system specifications was explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Piasecka
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 23, PO Box 2461, Heverlee 3001, Belgium
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96
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Nielsen PH, Saunders AM, Hansen AA, Larsen P, Nielsen JL. Microbial communities involved in enhanced biological phosphorus removal from wastewater--a model system in environmental biotechnology. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2011; 23:452-9. [PMID: 22197171 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2011.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2011] [Revised: 11/13/2011] [Accepted: 11/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) is one of the most advanced and complicated wastewater treatment processes applied today, and it is becoming increasingly popular worldwide as a sustainable way to remove and potentially reuse P. It is carried out by complex microbial communities consisting primarily of uncultured microorganisms. The EBPR process is a well-studied system with clearly defined boundaries which makes it very suitable as a model ecosystem in microbial ecology. Of particular importance are the transformations of C, N, and P, the solid-liquid separation properties and the functional and structural stability. A range of modern molecular methods has been used to study these communities in great detail including single cell microbiology, various -omics methods, flux analyses, and modeling making this one of the best studied microbial ecosystems so far. Recently, an EBPR core microbiome has been described and we present in this article some highlights and show how this complex microbial community can be used as model ecosystem in environmental biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Per Halkjær Nielsen
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Aalborg University, Sohngaardsholmsvej 49, DK-9000 Aalborg, Denmark.
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97
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A metagenome of a full-scale microbial community carrying out enhanced biological phosphorus removal. ISME JOURNAL 2011; 6:1094-106. [PMID: 22170425 DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2011.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) is widely used for removal of phosphorus from wastewater. In this study, a metagenome (18.2 Gb) was generated using Illumina sequencing from a full-scale EBPR plant to study the community structure and genetic potential. Quantitative fluorescence in situ hybridization (qFISH) was applied as an independent method to evaluate the community structure. The results were in qualitative agreement, but a DNA extraction bias against gram positive bacteria using standard extraction protocols was identified, which would not have been identified without the use of qFISH. The genetic potential for community function showed enrichment of genes involved in phosphate metabolism and biofilm formation, reflecting the selective pressure of the EBPR process. Most contigs in the assembled metagenome had low similarity to genes from currently sequenced genomes, underlining the need for more reference genomes of key EBPR species. Only the genome of 'Candidatus Accumulibacter', a genus of phosphorus-removing organisms, was closely enough related to the species present in the metagenome to allow for detailed investigations. Accumulibacter accounted for only 4.8% of all bacteria by qFISH, but the depth of sequencing enabled detailed insight into their microdiversity in the full-scale plant. Only 15% of the reads matching Accumulibacter had a high similarity (>95%) to the sequenced Accumulibacter clade IIA strain UW-1 genome, indicating the presence of some microdiversity. The differences in gene complement between the Accumulibacter clades were limited to genes for extracellular polymeric substances and phage-related genes, suggesting a selective pressure from phages on the Accumulibacter diversity.
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98
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Silva AF, Carvalho G, Oehmen A, Lousada-Ferreira M, van Nieuwenhuijzen A, Reis MAM, Crespo MTB. Microbial population analysis of nutrient removal-related organisms in membrane bioreactors. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 93:2171-80. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-011-3499-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2011] [Revised: 07/05/2011] [Accepted: 07/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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99
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Denecke M, Eilmus S, Röder N, Roesch C, Bothe H. Molecular identification of the microbial diversity in two sequencing batch reactors with activated sludge. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 93:1725-34. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-011-3474-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2010] [Revised: 06/27/2011] [Accepted: 06/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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100
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Bacterial community structure of a full-scale biofilter treating pig house exhaust air. Syst Appl Microbiol 2011; 34:344-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.syapm.2010.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2010] [Accepted: 11/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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