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Wang C, Yang Y, Wu X, Li J, Liu K, Fang D, Li B, Shan G, Mei X, Wang F, Mei Y. Reciprocal modulation of long noncoding RNA EMS and p53 regulates tumorigenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2111409119. [PMID: 35022235 PMCID: PMC8784137 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2111409119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
p53 plays a central role in tumor suppression. Emerging evidence suggests long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) as an important class of regulatory molecules that control the p53 signaling. Here, we report that the oncogenic lncRNA E2F1 messenger RNA (mRNA) stabilizing factor (EMS) and p53 mutually repress each other's expression. EMS is negatively regulated by p53. As a direct transcriptional repression target of p53, EMS is surprisingly shown to inhibit p53 expression. EMS associates with cytoplasmic polyadenylation element-binding protein 2 (CPEB2) and thus, disrupts the CPEB2-p53 mRNA interaction. This disassociation attenuates CPEB2-mediated p53 mRNA polyadenylation and suppresses p53 translation. Functionally, EMS is able to exert its oncogenic activities, at least partially, via the CPEB2-p53 axis. Together, these findings reveal a double-negative feedback loop between p53 and EMS, through which p53 is finely controlled. Our study also demonstrates a critical role for EMS in promoting tumorigenesis via the negative regulation of p53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenfeng Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Yang Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Xianning Wu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Jingxin Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Kaiyue Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Debao Fang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Bingyan Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Ge Shan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Xinyu Mei
- The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China;
| | - Fang Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China;
| | - Yide Mei
- The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China;
- The Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
- Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
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HELLS Is Negatively Regulated by Wild-Type P53 in Liver Cancer by a Mechanism Involving P21 and FOXM1. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14020459. [PMID: 35053620 PMCID: PMC8773711 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14020459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The tumor suppressor protein P53 is a major player in preventing liver cancer development and progression. In this study we could show that P53 negatively regulates the expression of Helicase, lymphoid specific (HELLS), previously described as an important pro-tumorigenic epigenetic regulator in hepatocarcinogenesis. The regulatory mechanism included induction of the P53 target gene P21 (CDKN1A) resulting in repression of HELLS via downregulation of the transcription factor Forkhead Box Protein M1 (FOXM1). Our in vitro and in vivo findings indicate an important additional aspect of the tumor suppressive function of P53 in liver cancer linked to epigenetic regulation. Abstract The major tumor suppressor P53 (TP53) acts primarily as a transcription factor by activating or repressing subsets of its numerous target genes, resulting in different cellular outcomes (e.g., cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and senescence). P53-dependent gene regulation is linked to several aspects of chromatin remodeling; however, regulation of chromatin-modifying enzymes by P53 is poorly understood in hepatocarcinogenesis. Herein, we identified Helicase, lymphoid specific (HELLS), a major epigenetic regulator in liver cancer, as a strong and selective P53 repression target within the SNF2-like helicase family. The underlying regulatory mechanism involved P53-dependent induction of P21 (CDKN1A), leading to repression of Forkhead Box Protein M1 (FOXM1) that in turn resulted in downregulation of HELLS expression. Supporting our in vitro data, we found higher expression of HELLS in murine HCCs arising in a Trp53−/− background compared to Trp53+/+ HCCs as well as a strong and highly significant correlation between HELLS and FOXM1 expression in different HCC patient cohorts. Our data suggest that functional or mutational inactivation of P53 substantially contributes to overexpression of HELLS in HCC patients and indicates a previously unstudied aspect of P53′s ability to suppress liver cancer formation.
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53
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Marques MA, de Andrade GC, Silva JL, de Oliveira GAP. Protein of a thousand faces: The tumor-suppressive and oncogenic responses of p53. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:944955. [PMID: 36090037 PMCID: PMC9452956 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.944955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The p53 protein is a pleiotropic regulator working as a tumor suppressor and as an oncogene. Depending on the cellular insult and the mutational status, p53 may trigger opposing activities such as cell death or survival, senescence and cell cycle arrest or proliferative signals, antioxidant or prooxidant activation, glycolysis, or oxidative phosphorylation, among others. By augmenting or repressing specific target genes or directly interacting with cellular partners, p53 accomplishes a particular set of activities. The mechanism in which p53 is activated depends on increased stability through post-translational modifications (PTMs) and the formation of higher-order structures (HOS). The intricate cell death and metabolic p53 response are reviewed in light of gaining stability via PTM and HOS formation in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayra A. Marques
- *Correspondence: Mayra A. Marques, ; Guilherme A. P. de Oliveira,
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54
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OUP accepted manuscript. Carcinogenesis 2022; 43:494-503. [DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgac015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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55
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Kamagata K. Single-Molecule Microscopy Meets Molecular Dynamics Simulations for Characterizing the Molecular Action of Proteins on DNA and in Liquid Condensates. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:795367. [PMID: 34869607 PMCID: PMC8639857 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.795367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA-binding proteins trigger various cellular functions and determine cellular fate. Before performing functions such as transcription, DNA repair, and DNA recombination, DNA-binding proteins need to search for and bind to their target sites in genomic DNA. Under evolutionary pressure, DNA-binding proteins have gained accurate and rapid target search and binding strategies that combine three-dimensional search in solution, one-dimensional sliding along DNA, hopping and jumping on DNA, and intersegmental transfer between two DNA molecules. These mechanisms can be achieved by the unique structural and dynamic properties of these proteins. Single-molecule fluorescence microscopy and molecular dynamics simulations have characterized the molecular actions of DNA-binding proteins in detail. Furthermore, these methodologies have begun to characterize liquid condensates induced by liquid-liquid phase separation, e.g., molecular principles of uptake and dynamics in droplets. This review discusses the molecular action of DNA-binding proteins on DNA and in liquid condensate based on the latest studies that mainly focused on the model protein p53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoto Kamagata
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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56
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Sáinz-Jaspeado M, Smith RO, Plunde O, Pawelzik SC, Jin Y, Nordling S, Ding Y, Aspenström P, Hedlund M, Bastianello G, Ascione F, Li Q, Demir CS, Fernando D, Daniel G, Franco-Cereceda A, Kroon J, Foiani M, Petrova TV, Kilimann MW, Bäck M, Claesson-Welsh L. Palmdelphin Regulates Nuclear Resilience to Mechanical Stress in the Endothelium. Circulation 2021; 144:1629-1645. [PMID: 34636652 PMCID: PMC8589083 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.121.054182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. PALMD (palmdelphin) belongs to the family of paralemmin proteins implicated in cytoskeletal regulation. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the PALMD locus that result in reduced expression are strong risk factors for development of calcific aortic valve stenosis and predict severity of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Sáinz-Jaspeado
- Rudbeck, Beijer and SciLifeLab Laboratories, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology (M.S.-J., R.O.S., Y.J., S.N., Y.D., P.A., M.H., L.C.-W.), Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Ross O Smith
- Rudbeck, Beijer and SciLifeLab Laboratories, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology (M.S.-J., R.O.S., Y.J., S.N., Y.D., P.A., M.H., L.C.-W.), Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Oscar Plunde
- Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet and Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm, Sweden (O.P., S.-C.P., M.B.)
| | - Sven-Christian Pawelzik
- Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet and Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm, Sweden (O.P., S.-C.P., M.B.)
| | - Yi Jin
- Rudbeck, Beijer and SciLifeLab Laboratories, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology (M.S.-J., R.O.S., Y.J., S.N., Y.D., P.A., M.H., L.C.-W.), Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Sofia Nordling
- Rudbeck, Beijer and SciLifeLab Laboratories, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology (M.S.-J., R.O.S., Y.J., S.N., Y.D., P.A., M.H., L.C.-W.), Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Yindi Ding
- Rudbeck, Beijer and SciLifeLab Laboratories, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology (M.S.-J., R.O.S., Y.J., S.N., Y.D., P.A., M.H., L.C.-W.), Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Pontus Aspenström
- Rudbeck, Beijer and SciLifeLab Laboratories, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology (M.S.-J., R.O.S., Y.J., S.N., Y.D., P.A., M.H., L.C.-W.), Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Marie Hedlund
- Rudbeck, Beijer and SciLifeLab Laboratories, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology (M.S.-J., R.O.S., Y.J., S.N., Y.D., P.A., M.H., L.C.-W.), Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Giulia Bastianello
- IFOM-FIRC (institute of molecular oncology - Fondazione italiana per la ricerca sul cancro), Milano, Italy (G.B., F.A., Q.L., M.F.).,University of Milan, Italy (G.B., M.F.)
| | - Flora Ascione
- IFOM-FIRC (institute of molecular oncology - Fondazione italiana per la ricerca sul cancro), Milano, Italy (G.B., F.A., Q.L., M.F.)
| | - Qingsen Li
- IFOM-FIRC (institute of molecular oncology - Fondazione italiana per la ricerca sul cancro), Milano, Italy (G.B., F.A., Q.L., M.F.)
| | - Cansaran Saygili Demir
- Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, Switzerland (C.S.D., T.V.P.).,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, Switzerland (C.S.D., T.V.P.)
| | - Dinesh Fernando
- Department of Forest Biomaterials and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala (D.F., G.D.)
| | - Geoffrey Daniel
- Department of Forest Biomaterials and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala (D.F., G.D.)
| | - Anders Franco-Cereceda
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, and Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (A.F.-C.)
| | - Jeffrey Kroon
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Center, The Netherlands (J.K.)
| | - Marco Foiani
- IFOM-FIRC (institute of molecular oncology - Fondazione italiana per la ricerca sul cancro), Milano, Italy (G.B., F.A., Q.L., M.F.).,University of Milan, Italy (G.B., M.F.)
| | - Tatiana V Petrova
- Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, Switzerland (C.S.D., T.V.P.).,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, Switzerland (C.S.D., T.V.P.)
| | - Manfred W Kilimann
- Department of Neuroscience (M.W.K.), Uppsala University, Sweden.,Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany (M.W.K.)
| | - Magnus Bäck
- Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet and Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm, Sweden (O.P., S.-C.P., M.B.)
| | - Lena Claesson-Welsh
- Rudbeck, Beijer and SciLifeLab Laboratories, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology (M.S.-J., R.O.S., Y.J., S.N., Y.D., P.A., M.H., L.C.-W.), Uppsala University, Sweden
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Lambuk L, Iezhitsa I, Agarwal R, Agarwal P, Peresypkina A, Pobeda A, Ismail NM. Magnesium acetyltaurate prevents retinal damage and visual impairment in rats through suppression of NMDA-induced upregulation of NF-κB, p53 and AP-1 (c-Jun/c-Fos). Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:2330-2344. [PMID: 33818520 PMCID: PMC8354133 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.310691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnesium acetyltaurate (MgAT) has been shown to have a protective effect against N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-induced retinal cell apoptosis. The current study investigated the involvement of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), p53 and AP-1 family members (c-Jun/c-Fos) in neuroprotection by MgAT against NMDA-induced retinal damage. In this study, Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized to undergo intravitreal injection of vehicle, NMDA or MgAT as pre-treatment to NMDA. Seven days after injections, retinal ganglion cells survival was detected using retrograde labelling with fluorogold and BRN3A immunostaining. Functional outcome of retinal damage was assessed using electroretinography, and the mechanisms underlying antiapoptotic effect of MgAT were investigated through assessment of retinal gene expression of NF-κB, p53 and AP-1 family members (c-Jun/c-Fos) using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Retinal phospho-NF-κB, phospho-p53 and AP-1 levels were evaluated using western blot assay. Rat visual functions were evaluated using visual object recognition tests. Both retrograde labelling and BRN3A immunostaining revealed a significant increase in the number of retinal ganglion cells in rats receiving intravitreal injection of MgAT compared with the rats receiving intravitreal injection of NMDA. Electroretinography indicated that pre-treatment with MgAT partially preserved the functional activity of NMDA-exposed retinas. MgAT abolished NMDA-induced increase of retinal phospho-NF-κB, phospho-p53 and AP-1 expression and suppressed NMDA-induced transcriptional activity of NF-κB, p53 and AP-1 family members (c-Jun/c-Fos). Visual object recognition tests showed that MgAT reduced difficulties in recognizing the visual cues (i.e. objects with different shapes) after NMDA exposure, suggesting that visual functions of rats were relatively preserved by pre-treatment with MgAT. In conclusion, pre-treatment with MgAT prevents NMDA induced retinal injury by inhibiting NMDA-induced neuronal apoptosis via downregulation of transcriptional activity of NF-κB, p53 and AP-1-mediated c-Jun/c-Fos. The experiments were approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Malaysia, UiTM CARE No 118/2015 on December 4, 2015 and UiTM CARE No 220/7/2017 on December 8, 2017 and Ethics Committee of Belgorod State National Research University, Russia, No 02/20 on January 10, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidawani Lambuk
- Center for Neuroscience Research (NeuRon), Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Igor Iezhitsa
- School of Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Renu Agarwal
- School of Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Puneet Agarwal
- School of Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Anna Peresypkina
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Medicine, Belgorod State National Research University, Belgorod, Russia
| | - Anna Pobeda
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Medicine, Belgorod State National Research University, Belgorod, Russia
| | - Nafeeza Mohd Ismail
- School of Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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58
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Carlsen L, El-Deiry WS. Differential p53-Mediated Cellular Responses to DNA-Damaging Therapeutic Agents. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111828. [PMID: 34769259 PMCID: PMC8584119 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The gene TP53, which encodes the tumor suppressor protein p53, is mutated in about 50% of cancers. In response to cell stressors like DNA damage and after treatment with DNA-damaging therapeutic agents, p53 acts as a transcription factor to activate subsets of target genes which carry out cell fates such as apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and DNA repair. Target gene selection by p53 is controlled by a complex regulatory network whose response varies across contexts including treatment type, cell type, and tissue type. The molecular basis of target selection across these contexts is not well understood. Knowledge gained from examining p53 regulatory network profiles across different DNA-damaging agents in different cell types and tissue types may inform logical ways to optimally manipulate the network to encourage p53-mediated tumor suppression and anti-tumor immunity in cancer patients. This may be achieved with combination therapies or with p53-reactivating targeted therapies. Here, we review the basics of the p53 regulatory network in the context of differential responses to DNA-damaging agents; discuss recent efforts to characterize differential p53 responses across treatment types, cell types, and tissue types; and examine the relevance of evaluating these responses in the tumor microenvironment. Finally, we address open questions including the potential relevance of alternative p53 transcriptional functions, p53 transcription-independent functions, and p53-independent functions in the response to DNA-damaging therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey Carlsen
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA;
- The Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Brown University and the Lifespan Health System, Providence, RI 02903, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
- Pathobiology Graduate Program, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
- Cancer Center, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Wafik S. El-Deiry
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA;
- The Joint Program in Cancer Biology, Brown University and the Lifespan Health System, Providence, RI 02903, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
- Pathobiology Graduate Program, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
- Cancer Center, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
- Department of Medicine, Hematology-Oncology Division, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
- Correspondence:
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59
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In vivo evaluation of biodistribution and toxicity of pH-responsive strontium nanoparticles for gene delivery. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40005-021-00547-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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60
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Loh D, Reiter RJ. Melatonin: Regulation of Biomolecular Condensates in Neurodegenerative Disorders. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1483. [PMID: 34573116 PMCID: PMC8465482 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomolecular condensates are membraneless organelles (MLOs) that form dynamic, chemically distinct subcellular compartments organizing macromolecules such as proteins, RNA, and DNA in unicellular prokaryotic bacteria and complex eukaryotic cells. Separated from surrounding environments, MLOs in the nucleoplasm, cytoplasm, and mitochondria assemble by liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) into transient, non-static, liquid-like droplets that regulate essential molecular functions. LLPS is primarily controlled by post-translational modifications (PTMs) that fine-tune the balance between attractive and repulsive charge states and/or binding motifs of proteins. Aberrant phase separation due to dysregulated membrane lipid rafts and/or PTMs, as well as the absence of adequate hydrotropic small molecules such as ATP, or the presence of specific RNA proteins can cause pathological protein aggregation in neurodegenerative disorders. Melatonin may exert a dominant influence over phase separation in biomolecular condensates by optimizing membrane and MLO interdependent reactions through stabilizing lipid raft domains, reducing line tension, and maintaining negative membrane curvature and fluidity. As a potent antioxidant, melatonin protects cardiolipin and other membrane lipids from peroxidation cascades, supporting protein trafficking, signaling, ion channel activities, and ATPase functionality during condensate coacervation or dissolution. Melatonin may even control condensate LLPS through PTM and balance mRNA- and RNA-binding protein composition by regulating N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modifications. There is currently a lack of pharmaceuticals targeting neurodegenerative disorders via the regulation of phase separation. The potential of melatonin in the modulation of biomolecular condensate in the attenuation of aberrant condensate aggregation in neurodegenerative disorders is discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris Loh
- Independent Researcher, Marble Falls, TX 78654, USA
| | - Russel J. Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
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61
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Non-Structural Protein 5 of Zika Virus Interacts with p53 in Human Neural Progenitor Cells and Induces p53-Mediated Apoptosis. Virol Sin 2021; 36:1411-1420. [PMID: 34224111 DOI: 10.1007/s12250-021-00422-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) infection could disrupt neurogenesis and cause microcephaly in neonates by targeting neural progenitor cells (NPCs). The tumor suppressor p53-mediated cell cycle arrest and apoptotic cell death have been suggested to be activated upon ZIKV infection, yet the detailed mechanism is not well understood. In the present study, we investigated the effects of ZIKV-encoded proteins in the activation of p53 signaling pathway and found that, among the ten viral proteins, the nonstructural protein 5 (NS5) of ZIKV most significantly activated the transcription of p53 target genes. Using the immunoprecipitation-coupled mass spectrometry approach, we identified that ZIKV-NS5 interacted with p53 protein. The NS5-p53 interaction was further confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation and GST pull-down assays. In addition, the MTase domain of NS5 and the C-terminal domain of p53 were mapped to be responsible for the interaction between these two proteins. We further showed that ZIKV-NS5 was colocalized with p53 and increased its protein level in the nuclei and able to prolong the half-life of p53. Furthermore, lentivirus-mediated expression of ZIKV-NS5 in hNPCs led to an apparent cell death phenotype. ZIKV-NS5 promoted the cleavage of PARP1 and significantly increased the cell apoptosis of hNPCs. Taken together, these findings revealed that ZIKV-NS5 is a previously undiscovered regulator of p53-mediated apoptosis in hNPCs, which may contribute to the ZIKV-caused abnormal neurodevelopment.
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Maleki Dana P, Sadoughi F, Asemi Z, Yousefi B. Anti-cancer properties of quercetin in osteosarcoma. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:349. [PMID: 34225730 PMCID: PMC8256549 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02067-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is a primary bone tumor. Although it is a rare disease in general, it is the most common primary bone tumor among children. Despite the significant advances made in the field of osteosarcoma treatment, the outcomes of this disease are still unfavorable. Besides, there is still no targeted therapy for osteosarcoma that can be used in clinical settings. Quercetin is a member of the phytochemical family which is used for different diseases including cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and cancer. Its anti-cancer effects are examined in many types of cancer including breast, colon, lung, prostate, and pancreatic cancers and have shown promising results. Herein, the studies dealing with the antitumor roles of quercetin in osteosarcoma are reviewed in this article. We take a look into quercetin's ability to affect proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, and chemo-resistance of the osteosarcoma cells through regulating protein expression and signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Maleki Dana
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I.R. of Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sadoughi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I.R. of Iran
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I.R. of Iran.
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. .,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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63
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Lees A, Sessler T, McDade S. Dying to Survive-The p53 Paradox. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3257. [PMID: 34209840 PMCID: PMC8268032 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13133257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The p53 tumour suppressor is best known for its canonical role as "guardian of the genome", activating cell cycle arrest and DNA repair in response to DNA damage which, if irreparable or sustained, triggers activation of cell death. However, despite an enormous amount of work identifying the breadth of the gene regulatory networks activated directly and indirectly in response to p53 activation, how p53 activation results in different cell fates in response to different stress signals in homeostasis and in response to p53 activating anti-cancer treatments remains relatively poorly understood. This is likely due to the complex interaction between cell death mechanisms in which p53 has been activated, their neighbouring stressed or unstressed cells and the local stromal and immune microenvironment in which they reside. In this review, we evaluate our understanding of the burgeoning number of cell death pathways affected by p53 activation and how these may paradoxically suppress cell death to ensure tissue integrity and organismal survival. We also discuss how these functions may be advantageous to tumours that maintain wild-type p53, the understanding of which may provide novel opportunity to enhance treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Lees
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen’s University, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK;
| | | | - Simon McDade
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen’s University, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK;
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64
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Luo X, Yin J, Miao S, Feng W, Ning T, Xu S, Huang S, Zhang S, Liao Y, Hao C, Wu B, Ma D. mTORC1 promotes mineralization via p53 pathway. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21325. [PMID: 33508145 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002016r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of our study were to investigate the roles of mTORC1 in odontoblast proliferation and mineralization and to determine the mechanism by which mTORC1 regulates odontoblast mineralization. In vitro, MDPC23 cells were treated with rapamycin (10 nmol/L) and transfected with a lentivirus for short hairpin (shRNA)-mediated silencing of the tuberous sclerosis complex (shTSC1) to inhibit and activate mTORC1, respectively. CCK8 assays, flow cytometry, Alizarin red S staining, ALP staining, qRT-PCR, and western blot analysis were performed. TSC1-conditional knockout (DMP1-Cre+ ; TSC1f/f , hereafter CKO) mice and littermate control (DMP1-Cre- ; TSC1f/f , hereafter WT) mice were generated. H&E staining, immunofluorescence, and micro-CT analysis were performed. Transcriptome sequencing analysis was used to screen the mechanism of this process. mTORC1 inactivation decreased the cell proliferation. The qRT-PCR and western blot results showed that mineralization-related genes and proteins were downregulated in mTORC1-inactivated cells. Moreover, mTORC1 overactivation promoted cell proliferation and mineralization-related gene and protein expression. In vivo, the micro-CT results showed that DV/TV and dentin thickness were higher in CKO mice than in controls and H&E staining showed the same results. Mineralization-related proteins expression was upregulated. Transcriptome sequencing analysis revealed that p53 pathway-associated genes were differentially expressed in TSC1-deficient cells. By inhibiting p53 alone or both mTORC1 and p53 with rapamycin and a p53 inhibitor, we elucidated that p53 acts downstream of mTORC1 and that mTORC1 thereby promotes odontoblast mineralization. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that the role of mTORC1 in odontoblast proliferation and mineralization, and confirm that mTORC1 upregulates odontoblast mineralization via the p53 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinghong Luo
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,College of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingyao Yin
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,College of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shenghong Miao
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,College of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiqing Feng
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,College of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tingting Ning
- College of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Endodontics, Stomatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuaimei Xu
- College of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Endodontics, Stomatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shijiang Huang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunjun Liao
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunbo Hao
- Department of Stomatology, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Buling Wu
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,College of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dandan Ma
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Advanced Oral Sciences & Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA
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65
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Tong DR, Zhou W, Katz C, Regunath K, Venkatesh D, Ihuegbu C, Manfredi JJ, Laptenko O, Prives C. p53 Frameshift Mutations Couple Loss-of-Function with Unique Neomorphic Activities. Mol Cancer Res 2021; 19:1522-1533. [PMID: 34045312 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-20-0691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
p53 mutations that result in loss of transcriptional activity are commonly found in numerous types of cancer. While the majority of these are missense mutations that map within the central DNA-binding domain, truncations and/or frameshift mutations can also occur due to various nucleotide substitutions, insertions, or deletions. These changes result in mRNAs containing premature stop codons that are translated into a diverse group of C-terminally truncated proteins. Here we characterized three p53 frameshift mutant proteins expressed from the endogenous TP53 locus in U2OS osteosarcoma and HCT116 colorectal cancer cell lines. These mutants retain intact DNA-binding domains but display altered oligomerization properties. Despite their abnormally high expression levels, they are mostly transcriptionally inactive and unable to initiate a stimuli-induced transcriptional program characteristic of wild-type p53. However, one of these variant p53 proteins, I332fs*14, which resembles naturally expressed TAp53 isoforms β and γ, retains some residual antiproliferative activity and can induce cellular senescence in HCT116 cells. Cells expressing this mutant also display decreased motility in migration assays. Hence, this p53 variant exhibits a combination of loss-of-gain and gain-of-function characteristics, distinguishing it from both wild type p53 and p53 loss. IMPLICATIONS: p53 frameshift mutants display a mixture of residual antiproliferative and neomorphic functions that may be differentially exploited for targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Tong
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Wen Zhou
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Chen Katz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Kausik Regunath
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Divya Venkatesh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Chinyere Ihuegbu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - James J Manfredi
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Oleg Laptenko
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York.
| | - Carol Prives
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York.
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66
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Prendecki M, Kowalska M, Toton E, Kozubski W. Genetic Editing and Pharmacogenetics in Current And Future Therapy Of Neurocognitive Disorders. Curr Alzheimer Res 2021; 17:238-258. [PMID: 32321403 DOI: 10.2174/1567205017666200422152440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Dementia is an important issue in western societies, and in the following years, this problem will also rise in the developing regions, such as Africa and Asia. The most common types of dementia in adults are Alzheimer's Disease (AD), Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB), Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD) and Vascular Dementia (VaD), of which, AD accounts for more than half of the cases. The most prominent symptom of AD is cognitive impairment, currently treated with four drugs: Donepezil, rivastigmine, and galantamine, enhancing cholinergic transmission; as well as memantine, protecting neurons against glutamate excitotoxicity. Despite ongoing efforts, no new drugs in the treatment of AD have been registered for the last ten years, thus multiple studies have been conducted on genetic factors affecting the efficacy of antidementia pharmacotherapy. The researchers investigate the effects of variants in multiple genes, such as ABCB1, ACE, CHAT, CHRNA7, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP3A4, CYP3A5, CYP3A7, NR1I2, NR1I3, POR, PPAR, RXR, SLC22A1/2/5, SLC47A1, UGT1A6, UGT1A9 and UGT2B7, associated with numerous pathways: the development of pathological proteins, formation and metabolism of acetylcholine, transport, metabolism and excretion of antidementia drugs and transcription factors regulating the expression of genes responsible for metabolism and transport of drugs. The most promising results have been demonstrated for APOE E4, dementia risk variant, BCHE-K, reduced butyrylcholinesterase activity variant, and CYP2D6 UM, ultrarapid hepatic metabolism. Further studies investigate the possibilities of the development of emerging drugs or genetic editing by CRISPR/Cas9 for causative treatment. In conclusion, the pharmacogenetic studies on dementia diseases may improve the efficacy of pharmacotherapy in some patients with beneficial genetic variants, at the same time, identifying the carriers of unfavorable alleles, the potential group of novel approaches to the treatment and prevention of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Prendecki
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland
| | - Marta Kowalska
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland
| | - Ewa Toton
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland
| | - Wojciech Kozubski
- Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland
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67
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Kyca T, Pavlíková L, Boháčová V, Mišák A, Poturnayová A, Breier A, Sulová Z, Šereš M. Insight into Bortezomib Focusing on Its Efficacy against P-gp-Positive MDR Leukemia Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115504. [PMID: 34071136 PMCID: PMC8197160 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we compared the effects of bortezomib on L1210 (S) cells with its effects on P-glycoprotein (P-gp)-positive variant S cells, which expressed P-gp either after selection with vincristine (R cells) or after transfection with a human gene encoding P-gp (T cells). Bortezomib induced the death-related effects in the S, R, and T cells at concentrations not exceeding 10 nM. Bortezomib-induced cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase was more pronounced in the S cells than in the R or T cells and was related to the expression levels of cyclins, cyclin-dependent kinases, and their inhibitors. We also observed an increase in the level of polyubiquitinated proteins (via K48-linkage) and a decrease in the gene expression of some deubiquitinases after treatment with bortezomib. Resistant cells expressed higher levels of genes encoding 26S proteasome components and the chaperone HSP90, which is involved in 26S proteasome assembly. After 4 h of preincubation, bortezomib induced a more pronounced depression of proteasome activity in S cells than in R or T cells. However, none of these changes alone or in combination sufficiently suppressed the sensitivity of R or T cells to bortezomib, which remained at a level similar to that of S cells.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/genetics
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/metabolism
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Bortezomib/pharmacology
- Cell Cycle/drug effects
- Cell Division
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Deubiquitinating Enzymes
- Drug Resistance, Multiple/drug effects
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects
- Fluoresceins/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Genes, cdc/drug effects
- Humans
- Inhibitory Concentration 50
- Leukemia, Lymphoid/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphoid/metabolism
- Leukemia, Lymphoid/pathology
- Mice
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism
- Protease Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex/drug effects
- Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- RNA, Neoplasm/biosynthesis
- Recombinant Proteins/metabolism
- Transcription, Genetic/drug effects
- Ubiquitinated Proteins/metabolism
- Vincristine/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Kyca
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84505 Bratislava, Slovakia; (T.K.); (L.P.); (V.B.); (A.P.)
| | - Lucia Pavlíková
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84505 Bratislava, Slovakia; (T.K.); (L.P.); (V.B.); (A.P.)
- Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84506 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Viera Boháčová
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84505 Bratislava, Slovakia; (T.K.); (L.P.); (V.B.); (A.P.)
| | - Anton Mišák
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84505 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Alexandra Poturnayová
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84505 Bratislava, Slovakia; (T.K.); (L.P.); (V.B.); (A.P.)
| | - Albert Breier
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84505 Bratislava, Slovakia; (T.K.); (L.P.); (V.B.); (A.P.)
- Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, 81237 Bratislava 1, Slovakia
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (Z.S.); (M.Š.); Tel.: +421-2-593-25-514 or +421-918-674-514 (A.B.); +421-2-3229-5510 (Z.S.)
| | - Zdena Sulová
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84505 Bratislava, Slovakia; (T.K.); (L.P.); (V.B.); (A.P.)
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (Z.S.); (M.Š.); Tel.: +421-2-593-25-514 or +421-918-674-514 (A.B.); +421-2-3229-5510 (Z.S.)
| | - Mário Šereš
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84505 Bratislava, Slovakia; (T.K.); (L.P.); (V.B.); (A.P.)
- Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84506 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (Z.S.); (M.Š.); Tel.: +421-2-593-25-514 or +421-918-674-514 (A.B.); +421-2-3229-5510 (Z.S.)
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68
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Tissue and cell-type-specific transduction using rAAV vectors in lung diseases. J Mol Med (Berl) 2021; 99:1057-1071. [PMID: 34021360 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-021-02086-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Gene therapy of genetically determined diseases, including some pathologies of the respiratory system, requires an efficient method for transgene delivery. Recombinant adeno-associated viral (rAAV) vectors are well studied and employed in gene therapy, as they are relatively simple and low immunogenic and able to efficiently transduce eukaryotic cells. To date, many natural and artificial (with modified capsids) AAV serotypes have been isolated, demonstrating preferential tropism toward different tissues and cells in accordance with the prevalent receptors on the cell surface. However, rAAV-mediated delivery is not strictly specific due to wide tropism of some viral serotypes. Thus, the development of the methods allowing modulating specificity of these vectors could be beneficial in some cases. This review describes various approaches for retargeting rAAV to respiratory cells, for example, using different types of capsid modifications and regulation of a transgene expression by tissue-specific promoters. Part of the review is devoted to the issues of transduction of stem and progenitor lung cells using AAV, which is a complicated task today.
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69
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Margiola S, Gerecht K, Müller MM. Semisynthetic 'designer' p53 sheds light on a phosphorylation-acetylation relay. Chem Sci 2021; 12:8563-8570. [PMID: 34221338 PMCID: PMC8221199 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc00396h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor protein p53 is a master regulator of cell fate. The activity of p53 is controlled by a plethora of posttranslational modifications (PTMs). However, despite extensive research, the mechanisms of this regulation are still poorly understood due to a paucity of biochemical studies with p53 carrying defined PTMs. Here, we report a protein semi-synthesis approach to access site-specifically modified p53. We synthesized a set of chemically homogeneous full-length p53 carrying one (Ser20ph and Ser15ph) or two (Ser15,20ph) naturally occurring, damage-associated phosphoryl marks. Refolding and biochemical characterization of semisynthetic p53 variants confirmed their structural and functional integrity. Furthermore, we show that phosphorylation within the N-terminal domain directly enhances p300-dependent acetylation approximately twofold, consistent with the role of these marks in p53 activation. Given that the p53 N-terminus is a hotspot for PTMs, we believe that our approach will contribute greatly to a mechanistic understanding of how p53 is controlled by PTMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Margiola
- Department of Chemistry, King's College London 7 Trinity Street London SE1 1DB UK
| | - Karola Gerecht
- Department of Chemistry, King's College London 7 Trinity Street London SE1 1DB UK
| | - Manuel M Müller
- Department of Chemistry, King's College London 7 Trinity Street London SE1 1DB UK
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70
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Muscella A, Stefàno E, De Bellis L, Nutricati E, Negro C, Marsigliante S. Antitumor and antimigration effects of Salvia clandestina L. extract on osteosarcoma cells. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2021; 1500:34-47. [PMID: 33960434 PMCID: PMC8518948 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Salvia clandestina L. is a wild perennial species present in the Salento area of Italy. Here, we examined the in vitro effects of an aqueous extract of S. clandestina L. on the MG-63 osteosarcoma cell line. The extract reduced osteosarcoma cell viability mainly by way of apoptosis, as we observed (1) upregulation of gene and protein expression of p53, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p21WAF1 and p27Kip1 , and proapoptotic BAX; (2) activation of caspases; and (3) induction of a sub-G1 peak in the cell cycle. The mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) JNK1/2 and p38 are activated and involved in the intracellular effects of the S. clandestina extract, as preincubation with the JNK1/2 inhibitor SP600125 or the p38 inhibitor SB203580 significantly decreased S. clandestina extract-induced cytotoxicity and inhibited increase in p53, p21WAF1 , p27Kip1 , and BAX. SP600125 also inhibited mRNA levels for all the aforementioned proteins, while SB203580 only affected p53 mRNA. Furthermore, S. clandestina extract treatment counteracted epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, inhibited cell migration, and decreased the expression and activity of matrix metalloproteinase MMP2. In addition, S. clandestina extract enhanced the cytotoxic activity of cisplatin on MG-63 cells through downregulation of the Akt/PKB protein kinase. We conclude that S. clandestina extract may be a novel agent for osteosarcoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Muscella
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Erika Stefàno
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Luigi De Bellis
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Eliana Nutricati
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Carmine Negro
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Santo Marsigliante
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
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71
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The actin nucleation factors JMY and WHAMM enable a rapid Arp2/3 complex-mediated intrinsic pathway of apoptosis. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009512. [PMID: 33872315 PMCID: PMC8084344 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton is a well-known player in most vital cellular processes, but comparably little is understood about how the actin assembly machinery impacts programmed cell death pathways. In the current study, we explored roles for the human Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Protein (WASP) family of actin nucleation factors in DNA damage-induced apoptosis. Inactivation of each WASP-family gene revealed that two of them, JMY and WHAMM, are necessary for rapid apoptotic responses. JMY and WHAMM participate in a p53-dependent cell death pathway by enhancing mitochondrial permeabilization, initiator caspase cleavage, and executioner caspase activation. JMY-mediated apoptosis requires actin nucleation via the Arp2/3 complex, and actin filaments are assembled in cytoplasmic territories containing clusters of cytochrome c and active caspase-3. The loss of JMY additionally results in significant changes in gene expression, including upregulation of the WHAMM-interacting G-protein RhoD. Depletion or deletion of RHOD increases cell death, suggesting that RhoD normally contributes to cell survival. These results give rise to a model in which JMY and WHAMM promote intrinsic cell death responses that can be opposed by RhoD.
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72
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Del Valle PR, Mendonça SA, Antunes F, Hunger A, Tamura RE, Zanatta DB, Strauss BE. Exploration of p53 plus interferon-beta gene transfer for the sensitization of human colorectal cancer cell lines to cell death. Cancer Biol Ther 2021; 22:301-310. [PMID: 33853514 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2021.1899784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
While treatments for colorectal cancer continue to improve, some 50% of patients succumb within 5 years, pointing to the need for additional therapeutic options. We have developed a modified non-replicating adenoviral vector for gene transfer, called AdRGD-PG, which offers improved levels of transduction and transgene expression. Here, we employ the p53-responsive PG promoter to drive expression of p53 or human interferon-β (hIFNβ) in human colorectal cancer cell lines HCT116wt (wtp53), HCT116-/- (p53 deficient) and HT29 (mutant p53). The HCT116 cell lines were both easily killed with p53 gene transfer, while combined p53 and hIFNβ cooperated for the induction of HT29 cell death and emission of immunogenic cell death (ICD) markers. Elevated annexinV staining and caspase 3/7 activity point to cell death by a mechanism consistent with apoptosis. P53 gene transfer alone or in combination with hIFNβ sensitized all cell lines to chemotherapy, permitting the application of low drug doses while still achieving significant loss of viability. While endogenous p53 status was not sufficient to predict response to treatment, combined p53 and hIFNβ provided an additive effect in HT29 cells. We propose that this approach may prove effective for the treatment of colorectal cancer, permitting the use of limited drug doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Roberto Del Valle
- Laboratório De Vetores Virais, Centro De Investigação Translacional Em Oncologia/LIM24, Instituto Do Câncer Do Estado De São Paulo, Faculdade De Medicina, Universidade De São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Samir Andrade Mendonça
- Laboratório De Vetores Virais, Centro De Investigação Translacional Em Oncologia/LIM24, Instituto Do Câncer Do Estado De São Paulo, Faculdade De Medicina, Universidade De São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Fernanda Antunes
- Laboratório De Vetores Virais, Centro De Investigação Translacional Em Oncologia/LIM24, Instituto Do Câncer Do Estado De São Paulo, Faculdade De Medicina, Universidade De São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aline Hunger
- Laboratório De Vetores Virais, Centro De Investigação Translacional Em Oncologia/LIM24, Instituto Do Câncer Do Estado De São Paulo, Faculdade De Medicina, Universidade De São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Cristalia, Biotecnologia Unidade 1, Itapira, SP, Brasil
| | - Rodrigo E Tamura
- Laboratório De Vetores Virais, Centro De Investigação Translacional Em Oncologia/LIM24, Instituto Do Câncer Do Estado De São Paulo, Faculdade De Medicina, Universidade De São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Diadema, SP, Brasil
| | - Daniela Bertolini Zanatta
- Laboratório De Vetores Virais, Centro De Investigação Translacional Em Oncologia/LIM24, Instituto Do Câncer Do Estado De São Paulo, Faculdade De Medicina, Universidade De São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bryan E Strauss
- Laboratório De Vetores Virais, Centro De Investigação Translacional Em Oncologia/LIM24, Instituto Do Câncer Do Estado De São Paulo, Faculdade De Medicina, Universidade De São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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73
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Kim J, Lee S, Kim H, Lee H, Seong KM, Youn H, Youn B. Autophagic Organelles in DNA Damage Response. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:668735. [PMID: 33912571 PMCID: PMC8072393 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.668735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an important subcellular event engaged in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis via the degradation of cargo proteins and malfunctioning organelles. In response to cellular stresses, like nutrient deprivation, infection, and DNA damaging agents, autophagy is activated to reduce the damage and restore cellular homeostasis. One of the responses to cellular stresses is the DNA damage response (DDR), the intracellular pathway that senses and repairs damaged DNA. Proper regulation of these pathways is crucial for preventing diseases. The involvement of autophagy in the repair and elimination of DNA aberrations is essential for cell survival and recovery to normal conditions, highlighting the importance of autophagy in the resolution of cell fate. In this review, we summarized the latest information about autophagic recycling of mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and ribosomes (called mitophagy, ER-phagy, and ribophagy, respectively) in response to DNA damage. In addition, we have described the key events necessary for a comprehensive understanding of autophagy signaling networks. Finally, we have highlighted the importance of the autophagy activated by DDR and appropriate regulation of autophagic organelles, suggesting insights for future studies. Especially, DDR from DNA damaging agents including ionizing radiation (IR) or anti-cancer drugs, induces damage to subcellular organelles and autophagy is the key mechanism for removing impaired organelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongha Kim
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Sungmin Lee
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Hyunwoo Kim
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Haksoo Lee
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Ki Moon Seong
- Laboratory of Low Dose Risk Assessment, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, South Korea
| | - HyeSook Youn
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - BuHyun Youn
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea.,Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
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74
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Abstract
In this review, Pilley et al. examine the impact of different p53 mutations and focus on how heterogeneity of p53 status can affect relationships between cells within a tumor. p53 is an important tumor suppressor, and the complexities of p53 function in regulating cancer cell behaviour are well established. Many cancers lose or express mutant forms of p53, with evidence that the type of alteration affecting p53 may differentially impact cancer development and progression. It is also clear that in addition to cell-autonomous functions, p53 status also affects the way cancer cells interact with each other. In this review, we briefly examine the impact of different p53 mutations and focus on how heterogeneity of p53 status can affect relationships between cells within a tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Pilley
- The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, United Kingdom
| | - Tristan A Rodriguez
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
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75
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Liou SH, Singh SK, Singer RH, Coleman RA, Liu WL. Structure of the p53/RNA polymerase II assembly. Commun Biol 2021; 4:397. [PMID: 33767390 PMCID: PMC7994806 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-01934-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor p53 protein activates expression of a vast gene network in response to stress stimuli for cellular integrity. The molecular mechanism underlying how p53 targets RNA polymerase II (Pol II) to regulate transcription remains unclear. To elucidate the p53/Pol II interaction, we have determined a 4.6 Å resolution structure of the human p53/Pol II assembly via single particle cryo-electron microscopy. Our structure reveals that p53's DNA binding domain targets the upstream DNA binding site within Pol II. This association introduces conformational changes of the Pol II clamp into a further-closed state. A cavity was identified between p53 and Pol II that could possibly host DNA. The transactivation domain of p53 binds the surface of Pol II's jaw that contacts downstream DNA. These findings suggest that p53's functional domains directly regulate DNA binding activity of Pol II to mediate transcription, thereby providing insights into p53-regulated gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Hao Liou
- Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Sameer K Singh
- Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Robert H Singer
- Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - Robert A Coleman
- Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
| | - Wei-Li Liu
- Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
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76
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Pouladi N, Shavali M, Abdolahi S. Combined Genotype Effects of TP53 and PAI-1 Polymorphisms in Breast Cancer Susceptibility: Multifactor Dimensionality Reduction and in silico Analysis. Hum Hered 2021; 85:51-60. [PMID: 33735891 DOI: 10.1159/000514398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Breast cancer is a heterogeneous and multifactorial disease. TP53 and PAI-1 as important tumor suppressor genes are involved in the development, invasion, and metastasis of many cancers. This study's objective was to demonstrate the combined genotype effects of these 2 genes by investigating their single nucleotide polymorphisms. METHODS In this case-control study, 200 individuals with breast cancer and 179 healthy individuals were studied. The genotypes were determined using the tetra-ARMS method. For data analysis, MDR, online javstat statistics package, and SPSS v.24 software were used. Also, in silico studies on the estimated effects of each of these polymorphisms were performed. RESULTS We showed a novel gene-gene interaction of these 2 genes and demonstrated a strong synergistic interaction for TP53/PAI-1, moderate synergistic interaction for PAI-1/age, and correlation for TP53/age. On the other hand, there was no association between the allelic and genotype frequency alone and in combination, with case-control status, using the parametric method, between TP53 and PAI-1. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that the polymorphism of codon 72 of the TP53 gene was significantly associated with tumor stage (p < 0.023). In conclusion, we showed a gene-gene interaction between TP53 and PAI-1, in combination, using the MDR method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasser Pouladi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran,
| | - Mojtaba Shavali
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sepehr Abdolahi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran
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77
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Ogawa LM, Buhagiar AF, Abriola L, Leland BA, Surovtseva YV, Baserga SJ. Increased numbers of nucleoli in a genome-wide RNAi screen reveal proteins that link the cell cycle to RNA polymerase I transcription. Mol Biol Cell 2021; 32:956-973. [PMID: 33689394 PMCID: PMC8108525 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e20-10-0670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleoli are dynamic nuclear condensates in eukaryotic cells that originate through ribosome biogenesis at loci that harbor the ribosomal DNA. These loci are known as nucleolar organizer regions (NORs), and there are 10 in a human diploid genome. While there are 10 NORs, however, the number of nucleoli observed in cells is variable. Furthermore, changes in number are associated with disease, with increased numbers and size common in aggressive cancers. In the near-diploid human breast epithelial cell line, MCF10A, the most frequently observed number of nucleoli is two to three per cell. Here, to identify novel regulators of ribosome biogenesis we used high-throughput quantitative imaging of MCF10A cells to identify proteins that, when depleted, increase the percentage of nuclei with ≥5 nucleoli. Unexpectedly, this unique screening approach led to identification of proteins associated with the cell cycle. Functional analysis on a subset of hits further revealed not only proteins required for progression through the S and G2/M phase, but also proteins required explicitly for the regulation of RNA polymerase I transcription and protein synthesis. Thus, results from this screen for increased nucleolar number highlight the significance of the nucleolus in human cell cycle regulation, linking RNA polymerase I transcription to cell cycle progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Ogawa
- Department of Molecular Biophysics & Biochemistry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Amber F Buhagiar
- Department of Molecular Biophysics & Biochemistry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Laura Abriola
- Yale Center for Molecular Discovery, Yale University, West Haven, CT 06516
| | - Bryan A Leland
- Yale Center for Molecular Discovery, Yale University, West Haven, CT 06516
| | - Yulia V Surovtseva
- Yale Center for Molecular Discovery, Yale University, West Haven, CT 06516
| | - Susan J Baserga
- Department of Molecular Biophysics & Biochemistry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520.,Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520.,Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
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78
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Men H, Cai H, Cheng Q, Zhou W, Wang X, Huang S, Zheng Y, Cai L. The regulatory roles of p53 in cardiovascular health and disease. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:2001-2018. [PMID: 33179140 PMCID: PMC11073000 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03694-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of mortality globally, so further investigation is required to identify its underlying mechanisms and potential targets for its prevention. The transcription factor p53 functions as a gatekeeper, regulating a myriad of genes to maintain normal cell functions. It has received a great deal of research attention as a tumor suppressor. In the past three decades, evidence has also shown a regulatory role for p53 in the heart. Basal p53 is essential for embryonic cardiac development; it is also necessary to maintain normal heart architecture and physiological function. In pathological cardiovascular circumstances, p53 expression is elevated in both patient samples and animal models. Elevated p53 plays a regulatory role via anti-angiogenesis, pro-programmed cell death, metabolism regulation, and cell cycle arrest regulation. This largely promotes the development of CVDs, particularly cardiac remodeling in the infarcted heart, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, dilated cardiomyopathy, and diabetic cardiomyopathy. Roles for p53 have also been found in atherosclerosis and chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity. However, it has different roles in cardiomyocytes and non-myocytes, even in the same model. In this review, we describe the different effects of p53 in cardiovascular physiological and pathological conditions, in addition to potential CVD therapies targeting p53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Men
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Research Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - He Cai
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Quanli Cheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Wenqian Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Research Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Research Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Shan Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Research Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Yang Zheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
| | - Lu Cai
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Research Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
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79
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Chen ZS, Lin X, Chan TF, Chan HYE. Pan-cancer investigation reveals mechanistic insights of planar cell polarity gene Fuz in carcinogenesis. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:7259-7283. [PMID: 33658400 PMCID: PMC7993721 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
The fuzzy planar cell polarity protein (Fuz) is an effector component of the planar cell polarity (PCP) signaling. Together with other core and effector proteins, the PCP pathway controls polarized cell movements. Fuz was also reported as a negative regulator of cell survival. In this study, we performed a pan-cancer survey to demonstrate the role of Fuz in multiple types of cancer. In head-neck squamous cell carcinoma and lung adenocarcinoma tumor samples, a reduction of Fuz transcript expression was detected. This coincides with the poor overall survival probabilities of these patients. We further showed that Fuz promoter hypermethylation contributes to its transcriptional downregulation. Meanwhile, we also identified a relatively higher mutation frequency at the 404th arginine amino acid residue in the coding sequence of Fuz locus, and further demonstrated that mutant Fuz proteins perturb the pro-apoptotic function of Fuz. In summary, our study unveiled an intriguing relationship between Fuz dysregulation and cancer prognosis, and further provides mechanistic insights of Fuz's involvement in carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhefan Stephen Chen
- Nexus of Rare Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xiao Lin
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ting-Fung Chan
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
- Gerald Choa Neuroscience Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ho Yin Edwin Chan
- Nexus of Rare Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
- Gerald Choa Neuroscience Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
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80
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Role of p53 in transcriptional repression of SVCT2. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:1651-1658. [PMID: 33580460 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06179-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
SVCT2, Sodium-dependent Vitamin C Transporter 2, uniquely transports ascorbic acid (also known as vitamin C and ascorbate) into all types of cells. Vitamin C is an essential nutrient that must be obtained through the diet and plasma levels are tightly regulated by transporter activity. Vitamin C plays an important role in antioxidant defenses and is a cofactor for many enzymes that enable hormone synthesis, oxygen sensing, collagen synthesis and epigenetic pathways. Although SVCT2 has various functions, regulation of its expression/activity remains poorly understood. We found a p53-binding site, within the SVCT2 promoter, using a transcription factor binding-site prediction tool. In this study, we show that p53 can directly repress SVCT2 transcription by binding a proximal- (~-185 to -171 bp) and a distal- (~-1800 to -1787 bp) p53-responsive element (PRE), Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays showed that PRE-bound p53 interacts with the corepressor-histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3), resulting in deacetylation of histones Ac-H4, at the proximal promoter, resulting in transcriptional silencing of SVCT2. Overall, our data suggests that p53 is a potent transcriptional repressor of SVCT2, a critical transporter of diet-derived ascorbic acid, across the plasma membranes of numerous essential tissue cell types.
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81
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Bunik VI, Aleshin VA, Zhou X, Krishnan S, Karlsson A. Regulation of Thiamine (Vitamin B1)-Dependent Metabolism in Mammals by p53. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2021; 85:801-807. [PMID: 33040724 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297920070081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Transcriptional factor p53 is a master regulator of energy metabolism. Energy metabolism strongly depends on thiamine (vitamin B1) and/or its natural derivatives. Thiamine diphosphate (ThDP), which is a major thiamine derivative, affects p53 binding to DNA. In order to elucidate the mechanism of regulation of thiamine-dependent metabolism by p53, we assessed putative p53-binding sites near transcription starting points in genes coding for transporters and enzymes, whose function is associated with thiamine and/or its derivatives. The predictions were validated by studying cell metabolic response to the p53 inducer cisplatin. Expression of p53 and its known target, p21, has been evaluated in cisplatin-treated and control human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells that possess functional p53 pathway. We also investigated the activity of enzymes involved in the thiamine-dependent energy metabolism. Along with upregulating the expression of p53 and p21, cisplatin affected the activities of metabolic enzymes, whose genes were predicted as carrying the p53-binding sites. The activity of glutamate dehydrogenase GDH2 isoenzyme strongly decreased, while the activities of NADP+-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) and malic enzymes, as well as the activity of 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex at its endogenous ThDP level, were elevated. Simultaneously, the activities of NAD+-dependent IDH, mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase, and two malate dehydrogenase isoenzymes, whose genes were not predicted to have the p53-binding sequences near the transcription starting points, were upregulated by cisplatin. The p53-dependent regulation of the assayed metabolic enzymes correlated with induction of p21 by p53 rather than induction of p53 itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- V I Bunik
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia. .,Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia.,Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - V A Aleshin
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia.,Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - X Zhou
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, 141 86, Sweden
| | - S Krishnan
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, 141 86, Sweden
| | - A Karlsson
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, 141 86, Sweden
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82
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Wu C, Cui Y, Liu X, Zhang F, Lu LY, Yu X. The RNF20/40 complex regulates p53-dependent gene transcription and mRNA splicing. J Mol Cell Biol 2021; 12:113-124. [PMID: 31152661 PMCID: PMC7109600 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjz045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
p53 is a key transcription factor to regulate gene transcription. However, the molecular mechanism of chromatin-associated p53 on gene transcription remains elusive. Here, using unbiased protein affinity purification, we found that the RNF20/40 complex associated with p53 on the chromatin. Further analyses indicated that p53 mediated the recruitment of the RNF20/40 complex to p53 target gene loci including p21 and PUMA loci and regulated the transcription of p21 and PUMA via the RNF20/40 complex-dependent histone H2B ubiquitination (ubH2B). Lacking the RNF20/40 complex suppressed not only ubH2B but also the generation of the mature mRNA of p21 and PUMA. Moreover, ubH2B was recognized by the ubiquitin-binding motif of pre-mRNA processing splicing factor 8 (PRPF8), a subunit in the spliceosome, and PRPF8 was required for the maturation of the mRNA of p21 and PUMA. Our study unveils a novel p53-dependent pathway that regulates mRNA splicing for tumor suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China.,Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Yaqi Cui
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China.,Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Xiuhua Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin-Yu Lu
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education and Women's Reproductive Health Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaochun Yu
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
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83
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Masub N, Austin E, Huang A, Jagdeo J. High-fluence light emitting diode-red light inhibits cell cycle progression in human dermal fibroblasts. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2021; 14:e202000359. [PMID: 33038043 PMCID: PMC8935855 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202000359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Skin fibrosis is a debilitating feature of several systemic and dermatologic diseases. While current treatment options carry significant risk of side effects and recurrence, high-fluence light emitting diode-generated red light (LED-RL) is an alternative therapeutic that is safe, non-invasive, and accessible. We previously demonstrated LED-RL decreases fibroblast proliferation, a key pathogenic component of fibrosis. However, the cellular mechanism by which high fluence LED-RL modulates fibroblast proliferation is unclear. Herein, we explored the effects of high fluence LED-RL on human dermal fibroblast cell cycle progression. We demonstrate that LED-RL at 640 J/cm2 induced significant arrest of cells in G0 /G1 compared to temperature-matched control. This was accompanied by a corresponding increase in expression of checkpoint regulator p53 in irradiated cells. These data demonstrate high fluence LED-RL may exert its anti-proliferative effect on fibroblasts by inducing G0 /G1 arrest. Further, this study provides insight into the molecular mechanism underlying LED-RL as an anti-fibrotic therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Masub
- Department of Dermatology, State University of New York, Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY
| | - Evan Austin
- Department of Dermatology, State University of New York, Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY
| | - Alisen Huang
- Department of Dermatology, State University of New York, Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY
| | - Jared Jagdeo
- Department of Dermatology, State University of New York, Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY
- Dermatology Service, VA New York Harbor Healthcare System – Brooklyn Campus, Brooklyn, NY
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84
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Shao W, Hao ZY, Chen YF, Du J, He Q, Ren LL, Gao Y, Song N, Song Y, He H, Wang YZ. OIP5-AS1 specifies p53-driven POX transcription regulated by TRPC6 in glioma. J Mol Cell Biol 2021; 13:409-421. [PMID: 33508123 PMCID: PMC8436707 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjab001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription factors (TFs) control an array of expressed genes. However, the specifics of how a gene is expressed in time and space as controlled by a TF remain largely unknown. Here, in TRPC6-regulated proline oxidase 1 (POX) transcription in human glioma, we report that OIP5-AS1, a long noncoding RNA, determines the specificity of p53-driven POX expression. The OIP5-AS1/p53 complex via its 24 nucleotides binds to the POX promoter and is necessary for POX expression but not for p21 transcription. An O-site in the POX promoter to which OIP5-AS1 binds was identified that is required for OIP5-AS1/p53 binding and POX transcription. Blocking OIP5-AS1 binding to the O-site inhibits POX transcription and promotes glioma development. Thus, the OIP5-AS1/O-site module decides p53-controlled POX expression as regulated by TRPC6 and affects glioma development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Shao
- The Brain Science Center, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Hao
- The Brain Science Center, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Yi-Fei Chen
- The Brain Science Center, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Jun Du
- The Brain Science Center, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Qian He
- The Brain Science Center, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Liang-Liang Ren
- The Brain Science Center, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Yan Gao
- The Brain Science Center, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Nan Song
- The Brain Science Center, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Yan Song
- The Brain Science Center, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Hua He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Yi-Zheng Wang
- The Brain Science Center, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
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85
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Kim YY, Um JH, Shin DJ, Jeong DJ, Hong YB, Yun J. p53-mediated regulation of mitochondrial dynamics plays a pivotal role in the senescence of various normal cells as well as cancer cells. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21319. [PMID: 33433933 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002007r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The tumor suppressor p53 is known as a critical mediator of many cellular processes, including cellular senescence, but its role in mitochondrial dynamics is not fully understood. We have previously shown that p53 regulates mitochondrial dynamics via the PKA-Drp1 pathway to induce cellular senescence. In this study, to further understand the role of p53-dependent regulation of mitochondrial dynamics, the effect of p53 expression on mitochondrial morphology was examined in various cancer cell lines and normal human cells. We found that p53 induced remarkable mitochondrial elongation and cellular senescence in various cancer cells regardless of their p53 status. p53 also induced mitochondrial elongation in various human primary normal cells, suggesting that p53-mediated mitochondrial elongation is a general phenomenon. Moreover, we found that p53 plays an essential role in mitochondrial elongation in H-Ras-induced cellular senescence and in the replicative senescence of normal human cells. Treatment with the MDM-2 antagonist Nutlin-3a also induced mitochondrial elongation through the PKA-Drp1 pathway in IMR90 normal human cells. Furthermore, the inhibition of PKA activity in late-passage normal cells significantly reduced both mitochondrial elongation and cellular senescence, suggesting that the p53-PKA pathway is essential for maintaining the senescence phenotype in normal cells. Together, these results further confirm the direct regulation of mitochondrial dynamics by p53 and the important role of p53-mediated mitochondrial elongation in cellular senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Yeon Kim
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Center, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee-Hyun Um
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Center, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Jin Shin
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Center, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Translational Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Jin Jeong
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Center, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Translational Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Bin Hong
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Center, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Translational Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeanho Yun
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Center, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Translational Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
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86
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Fatafta H, Samantray S, Sayyed-Ahmad A, Coskuner-Weber O, Strodel B. Molecular simulations of IDPs: From ensemble generation to IDP interactions leading to disorder-to-order transitions. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2021; 183:135-185. [PMID: 34656328 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2021.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) lack a well-defined three-dimensional structure but do exhibit some dynamical and structural ordering. The structural plasticity of IDPs indicates that entropy-driven motions are crucial for their function. Many IDPs undergo function-related disorder-to-order transitions upon by their interaction with specific binding partners. Approaches that are based on both experimental and theoretical tools enable the biophysical characterization of IDPs. Molecular simulations provide insights into IDP structural ensembles and disorder-to-order transition mechanisms. However, such studies depend strongly on the chosen force field parameters and simulation techniques. In this chapter, we provide an overview of IDP characteristics, review all-atom force fields recently developed for IDPs, and present molecular dynamics-based simulation methods that allow IDP ensemble generation as well as the characterization of disorder-to-order transitions. In particular, we introduce metadynamics, replica exchange molecular dynamics simulations, and also kinetic models resulting from Markov State modeling, and provide various examples for the successful application of these simulation methods to IDPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hebah Fatafta
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-7: Structural Biochemistry), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Suman Samantray
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-7: Structural Biochemistry), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany; AICES Graduate School, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Orkid Coskuner-Weber
- Molecular Biotechnology, Turkish-German University, Sahinkaya Caddesi, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Birgit Strodel
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-7: Structural Biochemistry), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany; Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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87
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Gordon CK, Luu R, Lynn D. Capturing nested information from disordered peptide phases. Pept Sci (Hoboken) 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pep2.24215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Regina Luu
- Departments of Chemistry and Biology Emory University Atlanta Georgia USA
| | - David Lynn
- Departments of Chemistry and Biology Emory University Atlanta Georgia USA
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88
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Graha Subekti DR, Kamagata K. The disordered DNA-binding domain of p53 is indispensable for forming an encounter complex to and jumping along DNA. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 534:21-26. [PMID: 33310183 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The tumor suppressor p53 utilizes a facilitated diffusion mechanism to search for and bind to target DNA sequences. Sub-millisecond single-molecule fluorescence tracking demonstrated that p53 forms a short-lived encounter complex to DNA then converts to the long-lived complex that can move and jump along DNA during the target search. To reveal the role of each DNA-binding domain of p53 in these processes, we investigated two p53 mutants lacking either of two DNA-binding domains; structured core and disordered C-terminal domains, using sub-millisecond single-molecule fluorescence microscopy. We found that the C-terminal domain is required for the encounter complex formation and conversion to the long-lived complex. The long-lived complex is stabilized by the core domain as well as the C-terminal domain. Furthermore, only the C-terminal domain participates in the jump of p53 along DNA at a high salt concentration. We propose that the flexible C-terminal domain of p53 is twined around DNA, which can form the encounter complex, convert to the long-lived complex, and enable p53 to land on DNA after the jump.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dwiky Rendra Graha Subekti
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Katahira 2-1-1, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan; Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Kiyoto Kamagata
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Katahira 2-1-1, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan; Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan.
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89
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Espanola SG, Song H, Ryu E, Saxena A, Kim ES, Manegold JE, Nasamran CA, Sahoo D, Oh CK, Bickers C, Shin U, Grainger S, Park YH, Pandolfo L, Kang MS, Kang S, Myung K, Cooper KL, Yelon D, Traver D, Lee Y. Haematopoietic stem cell-dependent Notch transcription is mediated by p53 through the Histone chaperone Supt16h. Nat Cell Biol 2020; 22:1411-1422. [PMID: 33230303 PMCID: PMC8092813 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-020-00604-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) have been the focus of developmental and regenerative studies, yet our understanding of the signalling events regulating their specification remains incomplete. We demonstrate that supt16h, a component of the Facilitates chromatin transcription (FACT) complex, is required for HSPC formation. Zebrafish supt16h mutants express reduced levels of Notch-signalling components, genes essential for HSPC development, due to abrogated transcription. Whereas global chromatin accessibility in supt16h mutants is not substantially altered, we observe a specific increase in p53 accessibility, causing an accumulation of p53. We further demonstrate that p53 influences expression of the Polycomb-group protein PHC1, which functions as a transcriptional repressor of Notch genes. Suppression of phc1 or its upstream regulator, p53, rescues the loss of both Notch and HSPC phenotypes in supt16h mutants. Our results highlight a relationship between supt16h, p53 and phc1 to specify HSPCs via modulation of Notch signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia G Espanola
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Hyemin Song
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for Genomic Integrity, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunjin Ryu
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Aditya Saxena
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Eun-Sun Kim
- Center for Genomic Integrity, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jennifer E Manegold
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Chanond A Nasamran
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Debashis Sahoo
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Chang-Kyu Oh
- Center for Genomic Integrity, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Cara Bickers
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Unbeom Shin
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Stephanie Grainger
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yong Hwan Park
- Center for Genomic Integrity, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Lauren Pandolfo
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Mi-Sun Kang
- Center for Genomic Integrity, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukhyun Kang
- Center for Genomic Integrity, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungjae Myung
- Center for Genomic Integrity, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan, Republic of Korea
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kimberly L Cooper
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Deborah Yelon
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - David Traver
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Yoonsung Lee
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Center for Genomic Integrity, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan, Republic of Korea.
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea.
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90
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Deng Y, Li S, Wang M, Chen X, Tian L, Wang L, Yang W, Chen L, He F, Yin W. Flavonoid-rich extracts from okra flowers exert antitumor activity in colorectal cancer through induction of mitochondrial dysfunction-associated apoptosis, senescence and autophagy. Food Funct 2020; 11:10448-10466. [PMID: 33241810 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02081h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Okra flowers contain a higher content of total flavonoids than most other flowers; however little research has been conducted on their potential benefits, including antitumor activity. In this study, we extracted and purified flavonoids from okra flower (AFE), and aimed to evaluate the effect of AFE and its underlying mechanism on colorectal cancer (CRC) cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Here, we identify that AFE is a safe, natural antioxidant and exerts significant antitumor efficacy on the inhibition of CRC cell proliferation and metastasis as well as tumour growth in vivo. We further reveal that AFE inhibits CRC cell proliferation by inducing mitochondrial dysfunction, which results from the activation of p53 and induction of apoptosis and senescence, and inhibits autophagic degradation. Furthermore, AFE inhibited migration and invasion of CRC cells by regulating the balance of MMP2/TIMP2 and MMP9 expression levels. Of note, administration of AFE as a preventive agent achieves a more effective antitumor effect than the therapeutic agent in a xenograft mouse model. Our results reveal, for the first time, that AFE is a safe, natural antioxidant with significant antitumor efficacy, which has great potential in the application for CRC prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanle Deng
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
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91
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Soond SM, Savvateeva LV, Makarov VA, Gorokhovets NV, Townsend PA, Zamyatnin AA. Making Connections: p53 and the Cathepsin Proteases as Co-Regulators of Cancer and Apoptosis. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113476. [PMID: 33266503 PMCID: PMC7700648 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This article describes an emerging area of significant interest in cancer and cell death and the relationships shared by these through the p53 and cathepsin proteins. While it has been demonstrated that the p53 protein can directly induce the leakage of cathepsin proteases from the lysosome, directly triggering cell death, little is known about what factors set the threshold at which the lysosome can become permeabilized. It appears that the expression levels of cathepsin proteases may be central to this process, with some of them being transcriptionally regulated by p53. The consequences of such a mechanism have serious implications for lysosomal-mediated apoptosis and have significant input into the design of therapeutics and their strategic use. In this review, we highlight the importance of extending such findings to other cathepsin family members and the need to assess the roles of p53 isoforms and mutants in furthering this mechanism. Abstract While viewed as the “guardian of the genome”, the importance of the tumor suppressor p53 protein has increasingly gained ever more recognition in modulating additional modes of action related to cell death. Slowly but surely, its importance has evolved from a mutated genetic locus heavily implicated in a wide array of cancer types to modulating lysosomal-mediated cell death either directly or indirectly through the transcriptional regulation of the key signal transduction pathway intermediates involved in this. As an important step in determining the fate of cells in response to cytotoxicity or during stress response, lysosomal-mediated cell death has also become strongly interwoven with the key components that give the lysosome functionality in the form of the cathepsin proteases. While a number of articles have been published highlighting the independent input of p53 or cathepsins to cellular homeostasis and disease progression, one key area that warrants further focus is the regulatory relationship that p53 and its isoforms share with such proteases in regulating lysosomal-mediated cell death. Herein, we review recent developments that have shaped this relationship and highlight key areas that need further exploration to aid novel therapeutic design and intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surinder M. Soond
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Trubetskaya Str. 8-2, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (L.V.S.); (V.A.M.); (N.V.G.)
- Correspondence: (S.M.S.); (A.A.Z.J.)
| | - Lyudmila V. Savvateeva
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Trubetskaya Str. 8-2, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (L.V.S.); (V.A.M.); (N.V.G.)
| | - Vladimir A. Makarov
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Trubetskaya Str. 8-2, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (L.V.S.); (V.A.M.); (N.V.G.)
| | - Neonila V. Gorokhovets
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Trubetskaya Str. 8-2, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (L.V.S.); (V.A.M.); (N.V.G.)
| | - Paul A. Townsend
- Division of Cancer Sciences and Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, and the NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester M13 9PL, UK;
| | - Andrey A. Zamyatnin
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Trubetskaya Str. 8-2, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (L.V.S.); (V.A.M.); (N.V.G.)
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Biotechnology, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 1 Olympic Ave, 354340 Sochi, Russia
- Correspondence: (S.M.S.); (A.A.Z.J.)
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92
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Nameki R, Chang H, Reddy J, Corona RI, Lawrenson K. Transcription factors in epithelial ovarian cancer: histotype-specific drivers and novel therapeutic targets. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 220:107722. [PMID: 33137377 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Transcription factors (TFs) are major contributors to cancer risk and somatic development. In preclinical and clinical studies, direct or indirect inhibition of TF-mediated oncogenic gene expression profiles have proven to be effective in many tumor types, highlighting this group of proteins as valuable therapeutic targets. In spite of this, our understanding of TFs in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is relatively limited. EOC is a heterogeneous disease composed of five major histologic subtypes; high-grade serous, low-grade serous, endometrioid, clear cell and mucinous. Each histology is associated with unique clinical etiologies, sensitivity to therapies, and molecular signatures - including diverse transcriptional regulatory programs. While some TFs are shared across EOC subtypes, a set of TFs are expressed in a histotype-specific manner and likely explain part of the histologic diversity of EOC subtypes. Targeting TFs present with unique opportunities for development of novel precision medicine strategies for ovarian cancer. This article reviews the critical TFs in EOC subtypes and highlights the potential of exploiting TFs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robbin Nameki
- Women's Cancer Research Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Heidi Chang
- Women's Cancer Research Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jessica Reddy
- Women's Cancer Research Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rosario I Corona
- Women's Cancer Research Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kate Lawrenson
- Women's Cancer Research Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Center for Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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93
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Molecular docking studies, drug-likeness and in-silico ADMET prediction of some novel β-Amino alcohol grafted 1,4,5-trisubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles derivatives as elevators of p53 protein levels. SCIENTIFIC AFRICAN 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2020.e00570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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94
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Hristova DB, Lauer KB, Ferguson BJ. Viral interactions with non-homologous end-joining: a game of hide-and-seek. J Gen Virol 2020; 101:1133-1144. [PMID: 32735206 PMCID: PMC7879558 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There are extensive interactions between viruses and the host DNA damage response (DDR) machinery. The outcome of these interactions includes not only direct effects on viral nucleic acids and genome replication, but also the activation of host stress response signalling pathways that can have further, indirect effects on viral life cycles. The non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) pathway is responsible for the rapid and imprecise repair of DNA double-stranded breaks in the nucleus that would otherwise be highly toxic. Whilst directly repairing DNA, components of the NHEJ machinery, in particular the DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK), can activate a raft of downstream signalling events that activate antiviral, cell cycle checkpoint and apoptosis pathways. This combination of possible outcomes results in NHEJ being pro- or antiviral depending on the infection. In this review we will describe the broad range of interactions between NHEJ components and viruses and their consequences for both host and pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayana B. Hristova
- Department of Pathology, Division of Immunology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Katharina B. Lauer
- Department of Pathology, Division of Immunology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Present address: ELIXIR Hub, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Brian J. Ferguson
- Department of Pathology, Division of Immunology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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95
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Chen HY, Lin CH, Teng SC. Stress-induced p53 drives BAG5 cochaperone expression to control α-synuclein aggregation in Parkinson's disease. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:20702-20727. [PMID: 33085644 PMCID: PMC7655153 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder with the pathological hallmark of α-synuclein aggregation. Dysregulation of α-synuclein homeostasis caused by aging, genetic, and environmental factors underlies the pathogenesis of PD. While chaperones are essential for proteostasis, whether modulation of cochaperones may participate in PD formation has not been fully characterized. Here, we assessed the expression of several HSP70- and HSP90-related factors under various stresses and found that BAG5 expression is distinctively elevated in etoposide- or H2O2-treated SH-SY5Y cells. Stress-induced p53 binds to the BAG5 promoter directly to stimulate BAG5. Induced BAG5 binds α-synuclein and HSP70 in both cell cultures and brain lysates from PD patients. Overexpressed BAG5 may result in the loss of its ability to promote HSP70. Importantly, α-synuclein aggregation in SH-SY5Y cells requires BAG5. BAG5 expression is also detected in transgenic SNCA mutant mice and in PD patients. Together, our data reveal stress-induced p53-BAG5-HSP70 regulation that provides a potential therapeutic angle for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan-Yun Chen
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Hsien Lin
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chun Teng
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Center of Precision Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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96
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Liu J, Li X, Zhou G, Sang Y, Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Ge W, Sun Z, Zhou X. Silica nanoparticles induce spermatogenesis disorders via L3MBTL2-DNA damage-p53 apoptosis and RNF8-ubH2A/ubH2B pathway in mice. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 265:114974. [PMID: 32554096 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) can reduce both quality and quantity of sperm via inhibiting the progress of meiosis and mitosis and inducing apoptosis of spermatogenic cells, however, their specific mechanism and effects on the later stage of spermatogenesis are still unclear. To investigate the effects of SiNPs on the reproductive system, male mice were treated with SiNPs (0, 1.25, 5 and 20 mg/kg.bw) via intratracheal instillation once every 3 days and for a total of 15 days. Results revealed that exposure to SiNPs induced reduction in the rate of sperm activity, histological abnormalities in seminiferous epithelium as well as apoptosis of spermatogenic cells, which are associated with decreased level of Lethal (3) malignant brain tumor like 2 (L3MBTL2) and activation of DNA damage-p53-mitochondrial apoptosis pathways. Moreover, reduction in L3MBTL2 level caused by SiNPs also led to the lower expression of RNF8-ubH2A/ubH2B pathway, thus resulting in incomplete histone-to-protamine exchange. These results suggest that the inhibition of L3MBTL2 expression caused by SiNPs not only activates DNA damage-p53-mitochondrial apoptosis pathway leading to the apoptosis of spermatogenic cells, but also inhibits RNF8-ubH2A/ubH2B pathway resulting in incomplete histone-to-protamine exchange, thereby affected spermatogenesis. This indicates that L3MBTL2 plays an important role in reproductive toxicity of males caused by SiNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhui Liu
- Department of Toxicology and Hygienic Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Xiangyang Li
- Department of Toxicology and Hygienic Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Guiqing Zhou
- Department of Toxicology and Hygienic Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Yujian Sang
- Department of Toxicology and Hygienic Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Toxicology and Hygienic Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Yanzhi Zhao
- Yanjing Medical College Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Ge
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging (CRDA), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Zhiwei Sun
- Department of Toxicology and Hygienic Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Xianqing Zhou
- Department of Toxicology and Hygienic Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
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97
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Gross KM, Zhou W, Breindel JL, Ouyang J, Jin DX, Sokol ES, Gupta PB, Huber K, Zou L, Kuperwasser C. Loss of Slug Compromises DNA Damage Repair and Accelerates Stem Cell Aging in Mammary Epithelium. Cell Rep 2020; 28:394-407.e6. [PMID: 31291576 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA damage activates checkpoints that limit the replicative potential of stem cells, including differentiation. These checkpoints protect against cancer development but also promote tissue aging. Because mice lacking Slug/Snai2 exhibit limited stem cell activity, including luminobasal differentiation, and are protected from mammary cancer, we reasoned that Slug might regulate DNA damage checkpoints in mammary epithelial cells. Here, we show that Slug facilitates efficient execution of RPA32-mediated DNA damage response (DDR) signaling. Slug deficiency leads to delayed phosphorylation of ataxia telangiectasia mutated and Rad3-related protein (ATR) and its effectors RPA32 and CHK1. This leads to impaired RAD51 recruitment to DNA damage sites and persistence of unresolved DNA damage. In vivo, Slug/Snai2 loss leads to increased DNA damage and premature aging of mammary epithelium. Collectively, our work demonstrates that the mammary stem cell regulator Slug controls DDR checkpoints by dually inhibiting differentiation and facilitating DDR repair, and its loss causes unresolved DNA damage and accelerated aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla M Gross
- Department of Developmental, Molecular, & Chemical Biology, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA; Raymond and Beverly Sackler Convergence Laboratory, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Wenhui Zhou
- Department of Developmental, Molecular, & Chemical Biology, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA; Raymond and Beverly Sackler Convergence Laboratory, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Jerrica L Breindel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quinnipiac University, Hamden, CT 06518, USA
| | - Jian Ouyang
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Dexter X Jin
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Ethan S Sokol
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Piyush B Gupta
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Kathryn Huber
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Lee Zou
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Charlotte Kuperwasser
- Department of Developmental, Molecular, & Chemical Biology, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA; Raymond and Beverly Sackler Convergence Laboratory, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
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98
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Apigenin and Hesperidin Downregulate DNA Repair Genes in MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells and Augment Doxorubicin Toxicity. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25194421. [PMID: 32993087 PMCID: PMC7582946 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25194421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A number of studies have confirmed anti-tumor activity of flavonoids and their ability to enhance the effectiveness of classical anticancer drugs. The mechanism of this phenomenon is difficult to explain because of the ambivalent nature of these compounds. Many therapeutic properties of these compounds are attributed to their antioxidant activity; however, it is known that they can act as oxidants. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of apigenin and hesperidin on MCF-7 breast cancer cells with doxorubicin. The cytotoxic effect was determined using an MTT test and cell cycle analysis. To evaluate the possible interaction mechanism, reduced glutathione levels, as well as the DNA oxidative damage and the double strand breaks, were evaluated. Additionally, mRNA expression of genes related to DNA repair was assessed. It was demonstrated that flavonoids intensified the cytotoxic effect of doxorubicin despite flavonoids reduced oxidative damage caused by the drug. At the same time, the number of double strand breaks significantly increased and expression of tested genes was downregulated. In conclusion, both apigenin and hesperidin enhance the cytotoxic effects of doxorubicin on breast cancer cells, and this phenomenon occurs regardless of oxidative stress but is accompanied by disorders of DNA damage response mechanisms.
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99
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Nientiedt M, Müller K, Nitschke K, Erben P, Steidler A, Porubsky S, Popovic ZV, Waldbillig F, Mühlbauer J, Kriegmair MC. B-MYB-p53-related relevant regulator for the progression of clear cell renal cell carcinoma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2020; 147:129-138. [PMID: 32951068 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-020-03392-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the mRNA expression of B-MYB and MDM2 together with their p53 relatedness in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). METHODS Genes were screened for their mRNA expression from 529 patients in a publicly available ccRCC cohort (TCGA). A cohort of 101 patients with ccRCC served as validation by qRT-PCR mRNA tissue expression analysis. RESULTS Expression: B-MYB expression was significantly higher in high-grade tumours (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.048) and in advanced stages (p = 0.005 and p = 0.037) in both cohorts. Correlation: p53-B-MYB as well as MDM2-B-MYB showed significant correlations in local and low-grade ccRCCs, but not in high grade tumours or advanced stages (r < 0.3 and/or p > 0.05). Survival: Multivariable Cox regression of the TCGA cohort revealed B-MYB upregulation and low MDM2 expression as predictors for an impaired overall survival (OS) (HR 1.97; p = 0.0003; HR 2.94, p < 0.0001) and progression-free survival (PFS) (HR 2.86; p = 0.0005; HR 1.58, p = 0.046). In the validation cohort, the results were confirmed for OS by univariable, but not multivariable regression: high B-MYB expression (HR = 3.05, p = 0.035) and low MDM2 expression (HR 3.81, p value 0.036). CONCLUSION In ccRCC patients with high-grade tumours and advanced stages, high B-MYB expression is common and is associated with poorer OS and PFS. These patients show a loss of their physiological B-MYB-p53 network correlation, suggesting an additional, alternative regulatory, oncogenic mechanism. Assuming further characterization of its signalling pathways, B-MYB could be a potential therapy target for ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nientiedt
- Department of Urology and Urosurgery, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - K Müller
- Department of Urology and Urosurgery, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - K Nitschke
- Department of Urology and Urosurgery, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - P Erben
- Department of Urology and Urosurgery, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - A Steidler
- Department of Urology and Urosurgery, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - S Porubsky
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Z V Popovic
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Centre Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - F Waldbillig
- Department of Urology and Urosurgery, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - J Mühlbauer
- Department of Urology and Urosurgery, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - M C Kriegmair
- Department of Urology and Urosurgery, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
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100
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Zhou Y, Chen R, Luo X, Zhang WD, Qin JJ. The E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme UbcH5c: an emerging target in cancer and immune disorders. Drug Discov Today 2020; 25:S1359-6446(20)30369-X. [PMID: 32947046 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquitination is a crucial post-translational modification (PTM) of proteins and regulates their stabilities and activities, thereby modulating multiple signaling pathways. UbcH5c, a member of the UbcH5 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme (E2) protein family, engages in the ubiquitination of dozens of proteins and regulates nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), p53 tumor suppressor, and several other essential signaling pathways. UbcH5c has been reported to be abnormally expressed in human cancer and immune disorders and is involved in the initiation and progression of these diseases. In this review, we mainly focus on UbcH5c structure, activity, signaling pathways, and its relevance to cancer and immune disorders. We end by integrating all known factors relating to UbcH5c inhibition as a potential cancer therapy method, and discuss associated challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhou
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Runzhe Chen
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xiaofang Luo
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, Yongzhou 425199, China
| | - Wei-Dong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Jiang-Jiang Qin
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China; Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou 310022, China.
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